In the late 10th/early 11th centuries, the dukes of Gascony ruled extensive territory in the south-west of France. Although political boundaries were unclear, it is probable that the northern limit of the dukes' power was marked by the course of the river Dordogne. Their expansion to the east was limited by the counts of Toulouse and to the south by the Pyrenees, although contact with northern Spain was probably extensive, as explained further below. The boundaries of ecclesiastical jurisdiction appear to have been somewhat clearer, Gascony falling within the jurisdiction of the archbishops of Bordeaux and Auch. While most of the territory controlled by the former fell within the duchy of Aquitaine, the area controlled by the archbishop of Bordeaux himself and by his bishop at Agen were in Gascony. The archbishopric of Auch, then comprising the bishoprics of Aire, Bayonne (separated from Dax in 778), Bazas, Dax, Lectoure, Lescar, Oloron, St Bertrand, St Lizier and Tarbes, fell exclusively within the duchy of Gascony.

The early history of Gascony is unclear. In the 5th and early 6th centuries, the area presumably formed part of the Visigothic kingdom based around Toulouse and Narbonne, the Romans having recalled the Goths from Spain in summer 418 and settled them in the valley of the river Garonne[1]. Following the expulsion of the Visigoths from France after Childebert I King of the Franks defeated his brother-in-law the Visigothic king Amalric at Narbonne in 531, the area around Bordeaux formed part of the territories allocated to King Childebert under the division agreed with his brother King Clotaire I, although the allocation of the other parts of Gascony (or indeed whether they fell under Frankish control at all) is unknown[2]. Presumably there was some Merovingian control over the whole area as Kings Childebert and Clotaire crossed the Pyrenees in 541, captured Pamplona and besieged Zaragoza[3]. Gascony clearly continued to cause problems for the Merovingian kings as nearly a century later Fredegar records that King Charibert II, who had been installed at Toulouse by his brother King Dagobert I in 629 to control the land between the Loire and the Spanish border, expanded his territory by subjugating Gascony in [632/33][4].

There is little information in primary sources about the development of Gascony during the later 7th and early 8th centuries but it presumably maintained some form of local autonomy. It is first referred to in the Royal Frankish Annals in 748, when it is recorded that "from Neustria Grifo [half-brother of Pepin King of the Franks] fled again into Gascony and went to Waifar duke of the Aquitanians"[5]. The Aquitanian reference raises doubts about the autonomy of the area, although it is unclear how much the compiler of the Annals would have known of the administration of areas remote from central Frankish authority. The impression of Aquitanian influence over Gascony is reinforced by the 769 reference in the Annals to Hunald [Duke of Aquitaine] wishing "to make the whole of Gascony and Aquitaine renew the war [with the Franks]"[6], although the political separation between the two entities is emphasised by the reference to "Lupus duke of the Gascons" with whom Hunald had taken refuge. Pressure from the Franks finally resulted in Lupus handing over Hunald to Charles I King of the Franks (later Emperor Charlemagne) in 769, when the Gascons presumably accepted Frankish suzerainty although this is not clearly stated in the Annals[7]. Gascony clearly continued to assert its autonomy as the Annals record that in 819 Pepin I King of Aquitaine (son of Emperor Louis I) "entered Gascony with an army, carried away the agitators, and so pacified the whole province"[8].

A straight-forward reconstruction of the family of the early dukes of Gascony is hampered by information included in spurious source documents. For this reason it is considered in two parts in Chapter 1 of this document. Chapter 1.A reconstructs the descendants of Duke Lupus based on a document dated 30 Jan 845 which purports to be a confirmation by Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks of the possessions of the monastery of Sainte-Marie, Alarcon, together with nine supposed later confirmation documents[9]. The wording of these documents is unusually detailed and atypical of other contemporary Carolingian charters, strongly suggesting that they are spurious. The date of the fabrication is not known with certainty. Jaurgain, in his seminal work on the nobility in Gascony, states that the collection of these documents was first published in 1694[10]. He highlights that "Comte Vandregisile", alleged founder of Alarcon according to this series of documentation, is first mentioned by Juan Tamayo de Salazar in his work on Spanish saints, which was published in 1658. Jaurgain reports a suggestion that Tamayo was the fabricator of the whole series of Alarcon documents, the object being to assert a descent of the Gramont and Beaumont families from the Merovingians[11]. However, his own view is that the documents were fabricated in France, in the mid-17th century, in order to claim a Merovingian descent for the Mauléon-Barousse and Aspremont d´Orthe families[12]. A small part of the genealogical information in the Alarcon documentation is corroborated by other primary sources, including the Annales Metenses and the Continuator of Fredegar. Other parts of the information are clearly incorrect, for example the statement that Boggis Duke of Aquitaine was the son of Charibert II King of the Franks in Aquitaine, the younger half-brother of the Merovingian King Dagobert I. There remains a large part of information in the documents which is uncorroborated elsewhere and whose accuracy cannot be judged definitively. The reconstruction set out in Chapter 1.A of the present documentation should therefore be treated with considerable caution. Chapter 1.B sets out the limited reconstruction of the family of the early dukes of Gascony which is possible based on information in other surviving primary sources. This information is sparse, and it can quickly be appreciated that there are numerous possible reconstructions other than the one based on the Alarcon documents. It is even possible that the various rulers in Gascony at the time were unrelated warlords who seized power from each other, or who controlled different parts of the territory at the same time.

The first duke of Gascony from whom an unbroken descent can be traced is Garcia [I] Sanchez, who is first recorded in the late 9th century. His name, as well as those of his predecessors, indicates a strong Spanish connection, presumably with the neighbouring kingdom of Pamplona (later Navarre) although this has not been established definitively. This connection with Spain appears confirmed by the undated charter, under which "dominus Willelmus Sancii comes Gasconiorum" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq, which records that "avus domni Willelmi ubi" returned from Spain where his father had taken refuge during the reign of Emperor Louis I[13]. The "avus domni Willelmi" was Count Garcia [I] Sanchez, although the chronology appears stretched if it is correct that Count Garcia's father was active during the reign of Emperor Louis I (who died in 843), assuming that his son died after 920.

After the death in 1032 of Duke Sancho Guillaume, control over Gascony passed briefly through the female line to his nephew Eudes Duke of Aquitaine, Comte de Poitou. After the death in 1039 of Duke Eudes, Gascony was claimed by Bernard [II] "Tumpaler" Comte d´Armagnac, who was the senior representative among the collateral male lines of the original ducal family (see Chapter 3). Bernard sold his rights to Gascony back to the dukes of Aquitaine, although he appears to have had second thoughts, rebelled, and was finally expelled by Guillaume VIII Duke of Aquitaine probably dated to the early 1060s. Gascony remained as part of the duchy of Aquitaine and formed part of the extensive territories which eventually passed under English control as a result of the marriage in 1152 of the heiress of Aquitaine, Eléonore, to Henri Comte d'Anjou, Duke of Normandy who later succeeded as Henry II King of England.

At some time during the later 12th or early 13th century, the territory from Bordeaux to the Pyrenees became known more generally as the "duchy of Guyenne" although the exact timing of, and precise reasons for, this change have not yet been determined.

Numerous subsidiary counties and vicomtés evolved in Gascony from the mid-9th century. The viscomté of Béarn (see Chapter 6) and the county of Bigorre (Chapter 8) emerged in southern Gascony, as direct vassals of the Gascon dukes, probably in the late 860s/early 870s. According to the spurious Alarcon documents, both families were descended from the earlier dukes of Gascony but, as will be demonstrated in this document, this descent cannot be confirmed from other primary sources. The county of Fezensac (Chapter 10) and the county of Astarac (Chapter 4) were created in [920] by Garcia Sancho Duke of Gascony: Fezensac in the northern inland area of Gascony, adjoining the county of Toulouse, for his younger son Guillaume, and Astarac south of the counties of Armagnac and Fezensac and east of the county of Bigorre for his third son Arnaud. The county of Armagnac (Chapter 3) was divided from Fezensac in the 960s as an appanage for the younger son of Guillaume Comte de Fezensac, and the county of Pardiac (Chapter 19) from Astarac around the same time for a younger son of Arnaud Comte d´Astarac. The county of Aure (Chapter 5) was separated from the county of Astarac in the late 10th century but it was subsumed into the county of Bigorre in 1082.

The development of the viscomtés in Gascony is more difficult to trace precisely. The families of the main vicomtes and seigneuries in the duchy of Gascony are set out in this document in Chapters 2 to 22. Around ten of these viscomtés were, in addition to the viscomté de Béarn, direct vassals of the Dukes/Counts of Gascony. The viscomté at Bezaume (Chapter 7) is first recorded in the late 10th century. Its precise territory has not yet been identified but it is probable that it lay in north-east Gascony adjacent to the county of Agen. It is possible that the Sires d´Albret (Chapter 2), who became a powerful influence in south-west France and Navarre in the 15th and early 16th centuries, descended from the first dynasty of vicomtes de Bezaume. The viscomté at Dax (Chapter 9), north of Bayonne, is recorded from the early 11th century. The viscomté de Gabarret (Chapter 11) in north-central Gascony is first recorded in the early 11th century and briefly inherited the viscomté de Béarn in the mid-12th century. The viscomté of Labourd (Chapter 12) was created in [1023] in the south-west of Gascony, close to the border with Navarre, by Sancho III King of Navarre, but reverted to the duke of Gascony in [1034] and from the mid-12th century was more commonly referred to as the viscomté of Bayonne. The viscomté de Lomagne (Chapter 14) was created in north-east Gascony to the north-west of Toulouse, between the towns of Lectoure and Montauban. The viscomté de Maremne (Chapter 15) was located on the Atlantic coast north of Bayonne and is first mentioned in primary sources in the early 11th century. It was acquired by the Albret family in the mid-13th century. Marsan (Chapter 16) was located in the present-day French département of Landes around the town of Roquefort, with Mont-de-Marsan being established as its main town in 1133 and is first mentioned as a viscomté in [1009]. The county of Bigorre passed to the family of the vicomtes de Marsan by marriage in 1136. The vicomté d´Oloron (Chapter 17), adjacent to the vicomté de Béarn in south-central Gascony, is first recorded in the late 10th century and was inherited by the vicomtes de Béarn in the mid-11th century. The vicomtes d´Orthe (Chapter 18) descended from the vicomtes de Dax, the territory being separated from the latter vicomté in [1030]. The vicomté de Louvigny (Chapter 20) was created in the 10th century around the town of the same name in south-west Gascony. It is noteworthy in particular for the remarkable fictional descent of the vicomtes de Soule et de Louvigny, created in the spurious Alarcon documents which is shown for interest in Part A. of that chapter, but which appears to bear little relationship with the information about the family which emerges from other primary sources, shown in Part B. The vicomtes de Tartas (Chapter 21) was located north of Dax, around the town of the same name, and is mentioned from the late 10th century. The vicomté de Tursan (Chapter 22) was located west of the vicomté de Béarn, centred around the château de Miramont which provided an alternative name for the vicomté from the late 11th century. In addition to the vicomtés which were direct vassals of the dukes and counts of Gascony, the counts of Bigorre were suzertains of the viscomtés of la Barthe, Lavedan and Montaner, whose families are shown in sub-parts of Chapter 8 of this document. The vicomtes de Corneillan appear to have been vassals of the Comtes d´Armagnac and are shown as such in Chapter 3. Finally, the seigneurie de l´Isle-Jourdain, located due west of Toulouse in the part of Gascony which was under the suzerainty of the comtes de Toulouse, was elevated to a county in the 1340s by Philippe VI King of France (see Chapter 13).

The question whether the viscomital families in Gascony were descended in the male line from the family of the early dukes of Gascony is controversial. According to Jaurgain, the vicomtes of Bezaume, Marsan and Oloron descended from alleged younger sons of Sancho Garcia Duke of Gascony. He also says that the vicomtes de Dax and vicomtes de Gabarret were junior branches of the family of the vicomtes d´Oloron, and that the vicomtes de Maremne were related to the vicomtes de Marsan. However, as is explained in the different chapters of this document, the reconstructions which he claims confirm these relationships are suspect and appear to be based mainly on patronymics (which are of course not unique and are potentially the source of much confusion as can be appreciated, for example, when studying the nobility in northern Spain, see in particular the document NAVARRE NOBILITY). The problem appears to be the basic assumption from which Jaurgain proceeds: taking for granted that all the vicomtés were granted to junior members of the ducal family as appanages, and tailoring his reconstructions accordingly. This involves him in a great deal of selectivity in choosing signatories from different charters with whom to make connections, and in some cases he ignores the importance which can be assigned to the order in which names appear in different documents. On a more general level, if we can argue from the examples provided by other regions of France, Jaurgain´s assumption appears to be faulty. In the neighbouring county of Toulouse, it appears unlikely, for example, that the vicomtes de Béziers, vicomtes de Carcassonne, vicomtes de Couserans, vicomtes de Lautrec and vicomtes de Lodève were descended from any of the comital families in the area (see TOULOUSE NOBILITY). From further afield, in Burgundy it is also unlikely that the vicomtes de Mâcon and the vicomtes de Tonnerre were related to the counts who ruled in these respective counties (see BURGUNDY DUCHY NOBILITY). In Provence, there seems to be no idea prevalent that the vicomtes de Baux and the vicomtes de Marseille descended from the comtes de Provence (see PROVENCE). In addition, Jaurgain loses some credibility in his work when he also argues for a family relationship between the dukes of Gascony on the one hand and the kings of Navarre, the counts of Vizcaya and even the counts of Castille, on the other. The topic of the creation of viscomtés in France is of great interest and one which deserves further study. However, based on a preliminary assessment after preparing this document, it appears more likely that the majority of Gascon vicomtés were awarded by the dukes/counts of Gascony to a lower tier of nobility as a reward for service and that a relationship to the ducal family should not be assumed. This does not exclude the possibility that the Gascon vicomtes descended from the early dukes of Gascony through the female line.

Chapter 1. DUKES and COUNTS of GASCONY [760]-1039

A. RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON SPURIOUS ALARCON DOCUMENTS

The background to the spurious documentation relating to the monastery of Alarcon, and the basis for the reconstruction in this Part A of Chapter 1, is explained in the Introduction to this document.

LOUP, son of [HATTO & his wife Vandrade ---] (-murdered [775]). The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Lupo Duci" as son of "Hattonis Ducis"[14]. His parentage has not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted.

m ---. The name of Loup's wife is not known.

Loup & his wife had [three] children:

1. [ADALRIC . The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) records that "Lupo Duci" left part of Gascony to "eius filio Adalrico" after he was captured[15]. His parentage has not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted. According to Monlezun, Adalric succeeded his father as duke of Gascony, confined to the western part of the territory[16]. m ---. The name of Adalric's wife is not known. Adalric & his wife had [two] children:]

a) [JIMENO (-after [814/15]). The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Scimino et Centullo" as sons of "Adalrico", stating that Gascony was divided between "dictum Sciminum et Lupum Centulli demortui Centulli filium", and that Jimeno and his son were killed in a rebellion[17]. His parentage has not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted. According to Jaurgain, "Semen-Loup, frère aîné de Sanche-Loup" succeeded his younger brother as Duke of Gascony, but he cites no primary source on which this is based[18]. Monlezun states that he was deprived of Gascony in [814/15] by Emperor Louis I[19]. Jaurgain considers that Jimeno was the same person as Seguin [I][20], who is shown in Part B below, but other indications suggest that this is probably incorrect as discussed in more detail below. m ---. The name of Jimeno's wife is not known. Jimeno & his wife had one child:]

i) [GARCIA . The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Garsimirus Scimiri genitus", stating that he and his father were killed in a rebellion[21]. His parentage has not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted.]

b) [CENTULE (-[812]). The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Scimino et Centullo" as sons of "Adalrico"[22]. His parentage has not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted. m ---. The name of Centule's wife is not known. Centule & his wife had [two] children:]

i) [LOUP (-after 819). The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Scimino et Centullo" as sons of "Adalrico", stating that Gascony was divided between "dictum Sciminum et Lupum Centulli demortui Centulli filium"[23]. His parentage has not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted. m ---. The name of Loup's wife is not known. Loup & his wife had [two] children:

(a) [DONAT LOUP (-[before 865]). The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Donatum Lupum et Centulupum" as sons of "Lupi Centulli Ducis", stating that the former was installed as Comte de Bigorre[24]. Ancestor of the Comtes de Bigorre (see below, Part B).]

(b) [CENTULE LOUP (-[844]). The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Donatum Lupum et Centulupum" as sons of "Lupi Centulli Ducis", stating that the latter was installed as Vicomte de Béarn[25]. His parentage has not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted.]

2. [LOUP-SANCHO . Monlezun records that Loup "arrière petit fils [de] Eudes…fut étranglé et pendu" by King Charles's forces, leaving "fils Adalric et peut-être aussi Loup-Sanche jeunes enfants"[26]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.]

3. [ADELA . The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Adelæ…Ducis Lupi filiæ" as mother of "Lupus"[27]. Her parentage and marriage have not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted. m WAIFAR Duke of Aquitaine, son of HUNOALD Duke of Aquitaine & his wife --- (-killed in battle 2 Jun 768).]

1. TOTILON (-after 815). Duke of Gascony. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) records that "Totilo Duci" was installed as duke of Gascony before "Sigihino Mostellanico", implying that both were installed as dukes after the rebellion of Jimeno[28]. According to Monlezun, he was invested with Gascony by Emperor Louis I and died in 845[29], although the basis for this date is uncertain.

2. SEGUIN [I] "Mostellanicus" (-after 816). Duke of Gascony. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) records that "Totilo Duci" was installed as duke of Gascony before "Sigihino Mostellanico", implying that both were installed as dukes after the rebellion of Jimeno[30].

B. RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON OTHER PRIMARY SOURCES

The basis for the more historically accurate reconstruction of the family of the dukes of Gascony, shown in this Part B of Chapter 1, is explained in the Introduction to this document.

1. LOUP (-after 770). Duke of Gascony. Einhard records the exploits of "Wasconum dux Lupus" in 770 but does not give his origin[31].

2. ADALRIC (-before 814). [Duke of Gascony.] The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Chorso dux Tholosanus" was defeated by "cuiusdam Wasconis, Adelerici" by forces of Charles I King of the Franks and exiled, but later killed in battle[32].

3. SEGUIN [I] [Jimeno] (-after 816). Duke of Gascony. Einhard's Annales record that "Vascones" rebelled against "ducem suum…Sigiwinum" in 816[33]. The Chronicle of Saint-André de Bordeaux records that the emperor expelled "Sihiminum comitem" who escaped to Spain "where he later caused many problems for the emperor´s forces" ("ubi postea multa turbationes contra gentes Imperatoris fecit")[34]. Seguin must have been removed from Gascony before 819 when "Lupus" is recorded in Einhard's Annales as Gascon leader (see above). Jaurgain considers that Seguin was the same person as "Semen-Loup duc des Vascons"[35], in other words "Jimeno" who is named as son of Adalric in the possibly spurious charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (see Part A. above), although the charter distinguishes the two individuals. The names "Sigihino/Sigiwinus/Sihiminus" are somewhat similar to "Jimeno". The key is whether Seguin [I] was a Frankish nominee installed by the emperor after the Gascon revolt or whether he was a Gascon native leader. The passage from Einhard quoted above suggests that the former was the case, as there appears no reason why the Gascons should have rebelled against their own leader. However, the references to Seguin [II] (see below) are more consistent with his having been of Frankish rather than Gascon origin: it appears unlikely that a native Gascon whose father had rebelled only twenty years previously would have been appointed count at Bordeaux (presumably by King Charles II). m ---. The name of Seguin's wife is not known. Seguin [I] & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [SEGUIN [II] (-killed [Bordeaux/Saintes] 846). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified, although his name suggests a close family connection with Duke Seguin [I]. It is possible that Seguin [II] and Seguin [I], shown here as possible father of the former, were in fact the same person as no record has been found of Seguin [I] after 816. Comte de [Bordeaux et de Saintes]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Siguinus comes Burdagalensis et Sanctonicensis" was captured and killed by the Vikings who burnt Saintes, dating the event to the year after "Bernardus comes Pictavinus et Arueus filius Rainoldi" were killed[36]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records that "Signuinus comes Burdegalensis et Santonicensis" was captured by the Vikings and killed in 845, following which Saintes was burned[37]. [Duke of Gascony.] A letter of Lupus Abbot of Ferrières to Wenilo Archbishop of Sens, dated 846, records that "Ducem Vasconum Siguinum" was killed by "Normannos inter Burdegalam et Santones"[38].]

4. CENTULE . His name is known only from the patronymic attributed to his son. m ---. The name of Centule's wife is not known. Centule & his wife had two children:

a) LOUP (-after 819). [Duke of Gascony.] Einhard's Annales name "Berengario Tolosæ et Warino Arverni comite" as fighting "Lupus Centulli Wasco" in 819 and "in quo et fratrem Garsandum…interitum fuit"[39]. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records the rebellion of "Wasco, Lupus Centulli cognomento" and fighting "Werinum Arvernorum comitem et Berengarium Tholosanum"[40]. The Gesta Francorum names "Lupus Wasco" when recording that he was "de perfidia convictus" and sent into exile in 819[41].

b) GERSAND (-killed in battle 819). Einhard's Annales name "Berengario Tolosæ et Warino Arverni comite" as fighting "Lupus Centulli Wasco" in 819 and "in quo et fratrem Garsandum…interitum fuit"[42].

5. SANCHO (-[before 812]). According to Jaurgain, Sancho was the son of Loup Duke of Gascony whom he succeeded but he cites no primary source on which he bases his assertion[43]. The poem of Ermold le Noir names "Loup-Sancion" and records that "Sancion prince des Gascons" (apparently referring to the same person) was brought up at the court of Charles I King of the Franks and swore fidelity to him[44]. This would seem to be the only reference in primary sources to Sancho, the difficulty being the apparent anomaly concerning his name. m ---. The name of Sancho's wife is not known. Sancho & his wife had three children:

a) AZNAR Sancho (-[836, bur Alsonense monastery]). The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Eblus atque Asenarius comites" were ordered across the Pyrenees to Pamplona in 824[45]. His parentage is confirmed by the reference in the Annales Bertiniani to his brother as "Sancio-Sanci" (see below), although the precise identity of his father as the son of Loup Duke of Gascony has not been confirmed by the primary sources so far consulted. Comte de Gascogne. "Azenario Sancius comes" instructed two priests to restore "la terre de Cazaux" to the abbey of Pessan by charter dated Oct [833], subscribed by "Dato Donati comite, Garsia vice comite, Galindo Azenarii"[46]. Einhard's Annales record that "Aeblus et Asinarius comites" were sent to Pamplona with riches from Gascony but were captured, "Aeblus" being sent to Córdoba while "Asinarius" was allowed to return home as he was "quasi…consanguineus eorum"[47]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Azenarius quoque citerioris Wasconiæ comes", who had revolted against King Pepin some years earlier, died "a horrible death" in 836[48]. The editor of the Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Asenarius comes de Iacca" founded "Alsonense monasterium" in 835 and was buried there in 836[49]. m ---. The name of Aznar's wife is not known. Aznar & his wife had [two] children:

i) [GARCIA [Aznar] (-[890]). "Azenario Sancius comes" instructed two priests to restore "la terre de Cazaux" to the abbey of Pessan by charter dated Oct [833], subscribed by "Dato Donati comite, Garsia vice comite, Galindo Azenarii"[50]. Jaurgain identifies "Garcia vice comite" as the son of Aznar Sancho[51], although the document does not indicate the relationship between him and Aznar. "Garsiano comite, Garcia-Dat, Azenario vicecomite, Sancho-Atilio" subscribed the charter dated Jan [846] under which "Dolgrin" donated "la terre de Cazaux" to the abbey of Pessan, for the soul of "Aner Sancio comite"[52]. Jaurgain states that "Garsiano comite" was the son of Aznar Sanchez and that "Azenario vicecomite" was the son of Garcia Aznar[53]. However, he does not explain how he makes this deduction from the wording of this charter which, as quoted by him, does not specify the patronymics of the subscribers. Jaurgain states that "Garsiano comite" died "vers 890" but he does not cite the primary source on which this is based[54].] m ---. The name of Garcia´s wife is not known. Garcia & his wife had [one] child:

(a) [AZNAR [Garcia] . "Garsiano comite, Garcia-Dat, Azenario vicecomite, Sancho-Atilio" subscribed the charter dated Jan [846] under which "Dolgrin" donated "la terre de Cazaux" to the abbey of Pessan, for the soul of "Aner Sancio comite"[55]. Jaurgain states that "Garsiano comite" was the son of Aznar Sanchez and that "Azenario vicecomite" was the son of Garcia Aznar[56]. However, he does not explain how he makes this deduction from the wording of this charter which, as quoted by him, does not specify the patronymics of the subscribers.] m ---. The name of Aznar´s wife is not known. Aznar & his wife had one child:

(1) [LOUP Aznar (-[935]). Jaurgain states that "Loup Aznar comte de Comminges" was the son of "Aznar II, fils de Garcia" and that he was comte de Comminges from [910] to [935], but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[57]. [Comte de Comminges.] Flodoard records that "Lupus quoque Acinarius Vasco" swore hommage to Hugues (future dux Francorum) and King Raoul in 932, commenting that he rode a horse vigorously when he was more than 100 years old[58]. m ---. The name of Loup´s wife is not known. Loup & his wife had one child:

a. [AZNAR [III] (-[940]). Jaurgain states that "Loup Aznar comte de Comminges" was the father of "Aznar III" but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[59]. "Vicecomes…Asnarius" founded the monastery of Peyrissas, on returning from pilgrimage to Rome, and placed it under the protection of "comiti Comunensis", by charter dated to [915][60]. [Comte de Comminges].]

- COMTES de COMMINGES.

ii) [MARIE . This individual probably never existed. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Maria comitissa" as wife of "Vandregisilus comes consanguineus noster…" and daughter of "quondam Asinario comite" from whom she inherited "castri Vandres"[61]. Her name and parentage have not been corroborated by other primary sources consulted. The editor of the Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Asenarius comes de Iacca filiam suam Mariam" married "Wandregisilo limitis Hispanici comitis, qui ab Eudone Aquitaniæ ducis genus ducebat"[62]. m WANDREGISIL, son of ---.]

b) SANCHO Sancho (-[855]). The Annales Bertiniani record that "fraterque illius Sancio-Sanci" occupied "citerioris Wasconia", against the wishes of King Pepin, after the death of "Azenarius quoque citerioris Wasconiæ comes" in 836[63]. Comte de Gascogne. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Sancius comes Vasconiæ" was captured in 852 by "Pippinum, Pippini filium"[64]. Duke of Gascony. "Muza" invaded southern France in Oct 853 and captured "duos…Francorum Magnos Duces…Santionem et…Epulonem"[65]. According to the Histoire Générale de Languedoc (which dates the event to 850), King Charles II bought peace with Musa, on which the captives were released[66]. According to Jaurgain, Sancho died "vers 855" but he cites no primary source on which this is based[67].

c) [SANCHA] . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Translatio Reliquiarum S. Faustæ which records that (her son) "Arnaldus" obtained "apud Gascones…Ducatus", adding that he was "filius cuiusdam comitis Petragoricensis…Imonis" and that he succeeded "avunculo suo Sanctioni"[68]. She is named Sancha by Jaurgain[69], but the primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m EMENON Comte de Périgord, son of ---. Emenon & his wife had one child:

i) ARNAUD (-864). The Translatio Reliquiarum S. Faustæ records that "Arnaldus" obtained "apud Gascones…Ducatus", adding that he was "filius cuiusdam comitis Petragoricensis…Imonis", that he succeeded "avunculo suo Sanctioni", that he fought off Viking attacks, and died just before retiring to the monastery of Solignac in Limousin[70]. Duke of Gascony.

6. DONAT . His name is known only from the patronymic attributed to his son. According to Jaurgain, he was the son of Loup Duke of Gascony but he cites no primary source on which this is based and it appears to be no more than a guess[71].

- CONDES de BAILO.

7. LOUP . His name is known only from the patronymic attributed to his son. It is possible that he was the same person as Loup [Duke of Gascony] (died after 819) who is shown above. m ---. The name of Loup's wife is not known. Loup & his wife had one child:

a) DONAT Loup (-[838/65]). Comte [de Bigorre]. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that Emperor Louis I sent "Elisachar abbatem et Hildebrandum comitem…et Donatum" to suppress the revolt of "Aizone" in the March of Spain [in 827][72]. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that Emperor Louis I sent "Bonifatius comes et Donatus…comes…et Adrebaldus Flaviniacensis monasterii abbas" as missi to Septimania [in 838][73]. The chronology suggests that he was a different person from Donat, ancestor of the Condes de Bailo, who is shown above. m FAQUILO, daughter of [MANSIO] & his wife ---. "Dompna Faquilo" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Orens de Lavedan, for the souls of "Mansionis…Donati Lupi comiti…et filiis meis et filias", by charter dated Dec [865], subscribed by "Dattonis Donati comitis, Luponis, Luponis Centuli"[74]. Monlezun names "Faquilène, fille de Mancion qui paraît appartenir à la souche des vicomtes de Lavédan" as the wife of Donat-Loup de Bigorre[75].

- COMTES de BIGORRE.

8. CENTULE . His name is known only from the patronymic attributed to his son. m [AURIA], daughter of ---. Monlezun names "Auria" as wife of Centule Loup[76]. Centule & his wife had one child:

a) LOUP Centule (-[905]). "Dompna Faquilo" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Orens de Lavedan, for the souls of "Mansionis…Donati Lupi comiti…et filiis meis et filias", by charter dated Dec [865], subscribed by "Dattonis Donati comitis, Luponis, Luponis Centuli"[77].

- VICOMTES de BEARN.

1. GUILLAUME (-[killed Bordeaux 848]). Comte de [Bordeaux]. [Duke of Gascony.] He was presumably invested with part of Gascony after the death of Seguin [II] but no primary source has been found which confirms that this is correct. The Chronicon Fontanellensis records that "Ducem eiusdem Guilhelmum" was captured (and presumably killed, but this is not stated in the source) when "Nortmanni" captured Bordeaux in 848[78].

1. SANCHO "Mitarra/Menditarra" ([825/35]-before 893). The parentage of Sancho is unclear from the primary sources. Although the patronymic of his son Garcia indicates his father's name, Settipani states that there is no proof that Sancho was related to the previous dukes of Gascony shown above[79]. However, a clue is provided by the undated charter, under which Sancho´s great-grandson "dominus Willelmus Sancii comes Gasconiorum" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq[80]. The document records that "quomodo venisset de Hispania avus domni Willelmi ubi se contulerat pater eius tempore domni Ludovici imperatoris" ("the grandfather of seigneur Guillaume had come from Spain where his father had taken refuge at the time of emperor Louis")[81]. The "avus domni Willelmi" was Count Garcia [I] Sanchez, so the latter's own father would have been Sancho. The document also states that the consanguinity of Guillaume Sancho with Gaston Centule Vicomte de Béarn was proved: "quidem Rex" (which from the context appears to refer to Sancho) invested "avo Vicecomitis [Gasto Centuli Vicecomes Bearnensis], qui erat de eius progenie" with "hac patria". This statement provides a strong suggestion that Sancho and his son were related to the previous dukes of Gascony, from whom the vicomtes de Béarn were probably descended although the documentation which proves this relationship has not survived. Another perspective is provided by the Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ which records that "maxima pars nobilium virorum Guasconiæ" left for "Hispaniam ad Consulem Castellæ" (presumably during the time of Emperor Louis I, although this is not stated in the document), that "Sancius Mitarra, minimus filiorum eius" returned to Gascony, where he was made "Consul" and had a son "Mitarra-Sancius" who was father of "Garsiam-Sancium Curvum"[82]. The distinction between the two persons "Sancius Mitarra" and "Mitarra Sancius" appears unlikely from a chronological point of view, especially given the patronymic assigned to Comte Garcia [I] in other sources (see below). Sancho´s birth date is estimated from the estimated birth date of his son. The charter of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq, quoted above, suggests that Sancho must have been invested as Duke of Gascony in the latter half of the 9th century, maybe in 864 after the death of Duke Arnaud. The document refers to him as "Rex". It is unclear why he should have been accorded this title. However, as noted below, the same title is referred to in a charter dated to [920] in which his son calls himself "Garsias Sanctii consul filius regis Sancii"[83]. This document presumably provided the basis on which Monlezun states that Sancho was the third son of "Garsias-Ximenes" king of Pamplona, and that he eventually succeeded as king of Navarre after 901[84], although he cites no primary sources. It appears improbable from a chronological point of view that Sancho could have been the same person as Sancho I García King of Navarre, whose succession in Navarre is dated to 905 and death to 925. The surprising conclusion appears to be that Sancho, father of Garcia [I], was referred to in contemporary documentation as "king" by way of honorific title. m ---. The name of Sancho's wife is not known. Sancho & his wife had two children:

a) GARCIA [I] "le Tors/el Curvo" Sancho ([850/60]-after 920). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Garsiam-Sancium Curvum" as son of "Mitarra-Sancius"[85]. His birth date is estimated consistent with his father´s estimated birth date range. Comte de Gascogne.

- see below.

b) ANEPALAFRED . The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis records that “Anepalafred frater Comitis Garsia Sancii” donated “ecclesiam sancti Pauli in…Bonos Casales” for having been cured of an illness after two years[86].

GARCIA [I] "le Tors/el Curvo" Sancho, son of SANCHO "Mitarra/Menditarra" Duke of Gascony & his wife --- ([850/60]-after 920). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Garsiam-Sancium Curvum" as son of "Mitarra-Sancius"[87]. His birth date is estimated consistent with his father´s estimated birth date range. Comte de Gascogne. He is named in charters dated [886/87][88]. "Walfridus…abba…monachorum monasterii Soricinensis" sold "cella Modulfi", donated by "Arrichoatus comes", to "dominus Garcias, comes et marchio in limitibus oceanis" by charter dated Oct 904, which names "uxoris suæ Aminianæ et…filiis et filiabus"[89]. "Garsias Sanctii consul filius regis Sancii" granted "Astaracensem pagum" to "Arnaldo filio meo" by charter dated to [920], signed by "Garciæ Sancii Consulis, Sancii Wilhelmi comitis filii, Salii Vivari, Sancii Amanevi, Gumbaudi, Eneci fratris eius"[90].

m AMUNA [Munia], daughter of ---. "Walfridus…abba…monachorum monasterii Soricinensis" sold "cella Modulfi", donated by "Arrichoatus comes", to "dominus Garcias, comes et marchio in limitibus oceanis" by charter dated Oct 904, which names "uxoris suæ Aminianæ et…filiis et filiabus"[91]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis records that "comitissa…coniux…Garsiæ Principis cognomento Curvi" restored the convent of Condom[92].

Comte Garcia I & his wife had [seven] children:

1. SANCHO Garcia ([875/90]-[950/55]). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Sancium-Garsiam et Willelmum-Garsiam et Arnaldum-Garsiam" as the three sons of "Garsiam-Sancium Corvum", specifying that they divided Gascony between them[93]. Sancho Garcia is named as the son of Garcia Sanchez in the cartulary of Auch[94] and in the Codex de Roda[95], the former specifying that he inherited Gascony from his father. His birth date range is estimated based on the birth date range estimated for his father, although his estimated date of death suggests that he was probably born towards the end of this range. Comte de Gascogne.

- see below.

2. GUILLAUME Garcia . The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Sancium-Garsiam et Willelmum-Garsiam et Arnaldum-Garsiam" as the three sons of "Garsiam-Sancium Corvum", specifying that they divided Gascony between them, Guillaume Garcia receiving "Fidenciacum"[96]. The Codex de Roda names "Sanzio Garsias et Arnaldo Garsies ac Gilelmo Garsies, ac domna Andregoto, seu domna Acibella, seu et ---" as the children of "Garsea Sanzoz" and his unnamed wife[97]. The cartulary of Auch records that "Garsiam Sancium Curvum" had three sons "Sancium Garsiam et Guillelmum Garsiam et Arnaldum Garsiam", specifying that Sancho succeeded in Gascony, Guillaume in Fezensac, and Arnaud in Astarac[98]. Monlezun names "Guillaume" as second of the three sons of Garcia, specifying that he succeeded his father in "Fezensac, réuni alors à l'Armagnac"[99]. "Guilelmus Garsie comes de Fidentiaco" donated property to Sainte-Marie d´Auch by charter dated May [926], signed by "Oriolo Datus vicecomite…"[100]. m ---. The name of Guillaume's wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had five children:

a) RAYMOND . The Codex de Roda names "Regemundus de Fedenzac, et Oton, ac Fridolo, et Bernardo, at domna ---" as the children of "Gilelmo Garsies" and his unnamed wife[101].

b) OTHON (-before 985). The Codex de Roda names "Regemundus de Fedenzac, et Oton, ac Fridolo, et Bernardo, at domna ---" as the children of "Gilelmo Garsies" and his unnamed wife[102]. The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Ottonem cognomina Fultam et Bernardum Luscum" as children of "Guillelmus-Garsias Consul Fidentiaci", stating that they divided their territories between them, Othon taking "Fidentiacum"[103]. Comte de Fezensac [965]. Monlezun names "Othon et Bernard" as the two sons of Guillaume Garcia, specifying that Othon succeeded his father in "l'orient qui retint le nom de Fezensac [et qui] s'étendait de Vic à Mauvezin, et de Montesquiou à Valence" but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[104].

- COMTES de FEZENSAC.

c) FREDELON . The Codex de Roda names "Regemundus de Fedenzac, et Oton, ac Fridolo, et Bernardo, at domna ---" as the children of "Gilelmo Garsies" and his unnamed wife[105]. "Oddo comes" donated property to Sainte-Marie d´Auch by charter dated to [960] "regnante tres fratres germanos Oddo comite, Bernardo comite, Fredelone comite"[106].

d) BERNARD "le Louche" (-after 1029). The Codex de Roda names "Regemundus de Fedenzac, et Oton, ac Fridolo, et Bernardo, at domna ---" as the children of "Gilelmo Garsies" and his unnamed wife[107]. The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Ottonem cognomina Fultam et Bernardum Luscum" as children of "Guillelmus-Garsias Consul Fidentiaci", stating that they divided their territories between them, Bernard taking "Armaniacum" and also commenting that Bernard built "Monasterium S. Orientii"[108]. Comte d'Armagnac et d'Aignan ([965]. Monlezun names "Othon et Bernard" as the two sons of Guillaume Garcia, specifying that Bernard succeeded his father in "l'occident sous le nom d'Armagnac…[comprenant] les cantons actuels de Riscle, d'Aignan, de Nogaro et de Cazaubon" but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[109].

- COMTES d'ARMAGNAC.

e) GERSENDE de Fezensac . The Codex de Roda names "Regemundus de Fedenzac, et Oton, ac Fridolo, et Bernardo, at domna ---" as the children of "Gilelmo Garsies" and his unnamed wife, stating that the unnamed daughter was the mother of "domne Abe comitisse"[110]. Another passage in the Codex de Roda names "domna --- Gilelmo Garsias filia" as the wife of "Regemundus"[111]. Her name is indicated by the undated charter under which “Unifredus comes” donated property “ad Stum Petrum de Lastanosa”, for the souls of “parente meo Raimundo comite et…matre mea Gersinde comittissa”[112]. “Regimundus…commes…et coniux mea Eresindis” donated property for the monastery of San Vicente by charter which is dated 1 Dec “anno regnante Leutario rege” and also quotes the date “957”[113]. m RAIMUNDO [II] Conde de Ribagorza, son of BERNARDO [I] Conde de Ribagorza & his wife Tota de Aragón (-970).

3. ARNAUD Garcia (-[960]). The Codex de Roda names "Sanzio Garsias et Arnaldo Garsies ac Gilelmo Garsies, ac domna Andregoto, seu domna Acibella, seu et ---" as the children of "Garsea Sanzoz" and his unnamed wife[114]. The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Sancium-Garsiam et Willelmum-Garsiam et Arnaldum-Garsiam" as the three sons of "Garsiam-Sancium Corvum", specifying that they divided Gascony between them, Arnaud Garcia receiving "Astaracum"[115]. Comte d'Astarac.

- COMTES d'ASTARAC.

4. ANDREGOTO . The Codex de Roda names "Sanzio Garsias et Arnaldo Garsies ac Gilelmo Garsies, ac domna Andregoto, seu domna Acibella, seu et ---" as the children of "Garsea Sanzoz" and his unnamed wife[116]. [m RAYMOND Comte de Bordeaux, son of ---. Settipani suggests that the wife of Comte Raymond, named Andregoto, was the daughter of Duke Garcia Sanchez of the same name but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[117]. "Comes Villelmus…matrem suam…Entregotis et uxorem suam Aremburgis" and "Guillelmus comes, filius Remundo comiti" founded the abbey of Bordeaux Sainte-Croix by charter dated to "regnante Guillelmo comite, quod vocatur bonus in civitate Burdegalensi"[118].]

5. ACIBELLA de Gascogne (-before 905). The Codex de Roda names "domna Acibella, Garsea Sanzionis comitis Guasconie filia" as the first wife of "Galindo Asnari"[119]. m as his first wife, GALINDO II Aznar Conde de Aragón, son of AZNAR II Galíndez Conde de Aragón & his wife Oneca Garcés de Pamplona (-923).

6. [GERSENDE] (-after 972). The Codex de Roda names "Sanzio Garsias et Arnaldo Garsies ac Gilelmo Garsies, ac domna Andregoto, seu domna Acibella, seu et ---" as the children of "Garsea Sanzoz" and his unnamed wife[120]. Another passage in the Codex de Roda records that "Pontio" married "filia Garsie Sanzionis" by whom he was father of "Regimundus"[121]. This could refer to any of the three daughters referred to in the former passage. The name of the wife of Raymond Pons Comte de Toulouse is confirmed by her undated codicil testament: "Gersindæ comitissæ" made a codicil testament for the soul of "viri mei Pontii" making bequests to "Ugoni comiti nepoti meo…Adalais vicecomitissæ et filiis eius Ermengaudo et Regimundo…Aimerico…et post mortem eius…Regimundo filio eius…Mironi filio Amelii et post mortem eius fratri ipsius…Matfredi…Amelio nepoti meo…Raymundo filio Gundinildis nepoti meo"[122]. Settipani discusses hypotheses suggesting that the two sources do not in fact refer to the same wife of Raymond Pons, who in this scenario would have married twice, firstly to a daughter of Garcia de Gascogne and secondly to Gersende[123]. It is suggested that Raymond Pons's first wife was Garcia's daughter who is named Andregoto in the Codex de Roda (the widow of Raymond Comte de Bordeaux), and that his second wife Gersende was the daughter of Ermengaud Comte de Rouergue. The Rouergue origin is proposed to explain why most of the property referred to in Gersende's codicil testament was located in Rouergue and Albigeois, although it is recognised that if this origin is correct the spouses would have been first cousins (insufficient information has yet been identified on which to base a conclusion concerning the acceptability to the church of first cousin marriages at that time). The hypothesis represents an interesting speculation. However, it is not felt that there is a sufficiently strong basis to justify showing these two marriages as a likely possibility, even in square brackets, in this document. m RAYMOND PONS Comte de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND II Comte de Toulouse & his wife Guinidilda [de Barcelona] ([900]-[940/44], bur Saint-Pons-de-Thomières).

7. [TOTA . The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis records that “Soror Principis Sanctii…Tota” donated property after taking “possessionem sancti Petri…Tamvilla”[124]. Tota´s parentage is not without doubt but it is a reasonable assumption that “Principis Sanctii” refers to Comte Sancho Garcia.]

SANCHO Garcia, son of GARCIA [I] "le Tors/el Curvo" Sancho Comte de Gascogne & his wife Amuna --- ([875/90]-[950/55]). The Codex de Roda names "Sanzio Garsias et Arnaldo Garsies ac Gilelmo Garsies, ac domna Andregoto, seu domna Acibella, seu et ---" as the children of "Garsea Sanzoz" and his unnamed wife[125]. The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Sancium-Garsiam et Willelmum-Garsiam et Arnaldum-Garsiam" as the three sons of "Garsiam-Sancium Corvum", specifying that they divided Gascony between them[126]. The cartulary of Auch records that "Garsiam Sancium Curvum" had three sons "Sancium Garsiam et Guillelmum Garsiam et Arnaldum Garsiam", specifying that Sancho succeeded in Gascony, Guillaume in Fezensac, and Arnaud in Astarac[127]. His birth date range is estimated based on the birth date range estimated for his father, although his estimated date of death suggests that he was probably born towards the end of this range. Comte de Gascogne. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis names "Sancius-Garsiæ" as brother of "Arnaldus…cognomento…Natus", son of "comitissa…coniux…Garsiæ Principis cognomento Curvi" who restored the convent of Condom, specifying that he received "Vasconiæ Principatum"[128]. Monlezun names "Sanche" as oldest of the three sons of Garcia, specifying that he succeeded his father in "la grande Gascogne qui comprenait les vicomtés de Lomagen, de Gavarret, de Tursan et de Bruillois"[129].

m ---. The name of Sancho's wife is not known. The cartulary of Auch records that "Sancius Garsias" had "duos filios manzeres Sancium Sancium et Guillelmum Sancium"[130]. This is the only source so far identified which casts doubt on the legitimacy of any of Sancho´s children. Jaurgain suggests that Sancho may have been closely related to his wife, and that the church had not granted the required dispensation for the marriage, therefore considering the children as illegitimate[131]. Jaurgain suggests that Sancho´s other children, who are not named in this source, must have been born from an otherwise unrecorded second marriage[132]. While it is not impossible that Sancho married twice, it does not appear correct to draw this conclusion only from the absence of the names of the other children from the Auch cartulary.

Sancho & his wife had seven children:

1. GARCIA Sancho . The Codex de Roda names "Garsie Sanzoz, ac Sanzo Sanzoz et Gilelmo Sanzoz, ac domnus Gundebaldus episcopus, ad domna Acibella…ac domna Lucia" as the children of "Sanzio Garsies" and his unnamed wife[133].

2. SANCHO Sancho (-[961]). The Codex de Roda names "Garsie Sanzoz, ac Sanzo Sanzoz et Gilelmo Sanzoz, ac domnus Gundebaldus episcopus, ad domna Acibella…ac domna Lucia" as the children of "Sanzio Garsies" and his unnamed wife[134]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis names "Sancium…et Guillermum atque Gimbaldum" as the three children of "Sancius-Garsiæ", specifying that "Sancius-Sanctii major natu" succeeded his father but died childless[135]. The cartulary of Auch records that "Sancius Garsias" had "duos filios manzeres Sancium Sancium et Guillelmum Sancium"[136]. The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Sancium-Sancium et Guillelmum-Sancium" as "duos filios manzeres" of "Sancius-Garsias"[137]. Comte de Gascogne. Monlezun names "Sanche et Guillaume que les cartulaires d'Auch et de Lescar traitent d'enfants naturels" as sons of Sancho, and that Sancho succeeded his father but died without issue and was succeeded by his brother[138].

3. GUILLAUME Sancho (-23 Dec [996]). The Codex de Roda names "Garsie Sanzoz, ac Sanzo Sanzoz et Gilelmo Sanzoz, ac domnus Gundebaldus episcopus, ad domna Acibella…ac domna Lucia" as the children of "Sanzio Garsies" and his unnamed wife[139]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis names "Sancium…et Guillermum atque Gimbaldum" as the three children of "Sancius-Garsiæ", specifying that "Guillelmus-Sanctii" succeeded his brother[140]. Comte de Gascogne.

- see below.

4. GOMBAUD (-after 978). The Codex de Roda names "Garsie Sanzoz, ac Sanzo Sanzoz et Gilelmo Sanzoz, ac domnus Gundebaldus episcopus, ad domna Acibella…ac domna Lucia" as the children of "Sanzio Garsies" and his unnamed wife[141]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis names "Sancium…et Guillermum atque Gimbaldum" as the three children of "Sancius-Garsiæ"[142]. "Garsias Sanctii consul filius regis Sancii" granted "Astaracensem pagum" to "Arnaldo filio meo" by charter dated to [920], signed by "Garciæ Sancii Consulis, Sancii Wilhelmi comitis filii, Salii Vivari, Sancii Amanevi, Gumbaudi, Eneci fratris eius"[143]. "Gumboldus episcopus et frater meus Willelmus Sancio dux Vasconum" re-established the monastery of La Réole by charter dated 977, subscribed by "Garsiæ nepotis ipsorum, Rotgarii vicecomitis, Utzan Amaneii, Seguini vicecomitis, Areolidat vicecomitis, Arnoldi Amaneii"[144]. The version quoted by Jaurgain names "Garsiæ nepotis ipsorum, Rotgarii Judicis, Utzan Amaneu, Vicecomitis Exii, Areolidat Vicecomitis, Arnaldi Amaneu" as the subscribers[145]. Bishop and Duc des Gascons 978. "Gumboldus episcopus…regionis dux" confirmed an exchange of property between the monks of La Réole and his vassal "Arsia" with the advice of "fratrum…Willelmus Sancio dux" by charter dated 978, subscribed by "Aner Sano vicecomes, Willelmus Arsiæ, Sans Aner, Rotgarius vicecomes, Utzan Amanieu, Arnald Amanieu"[146]. "Gunbaldus sancta Burdegalensis ecclesie archiepiscopus" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Cyprien at Poitiers by charter dated to [989/1010], subscribed by "Avierna, Ilduini filii eius, Willelmi fratris sui, Odulrici fratris sui"[147]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis notes that "Gimbaldum Comitem, patrem Ugonis Episcopi" donated property "ecclesiam S. Johannis, Cablisa" to the convent of Condom[148]. m ---. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis records that "Gimbaldum-Sanctii" married "uxorem…nobilibus ortam natalibus" before his appointment as bishop[149]. The name of Gombald's wife is not known. Gombald & his wife had one child:

a) HUGUES (-after 29 Jul 1011). The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis records that "Gimbaldum-Sanctii" married "uxorem…nobilibus ortam natalibus" before his appointment as bishop, and that the couple had "filium…Hugonem", recording that he was unable to succeed after the death of his father but was eventually installed in "Basatensem Episcopatum"[150]. "Avierna, Ilduini filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated to [989/1010] under which "Gunbaldus sancta Burdegalensis ecclesie archiepiscopus" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Cyprien at Poitiers[151]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis", with the consent of "eodem Duce [provinciam Vasconiam Sanctione…ducatum]…et Arnaldo Vicecomite et cum coniuge sua eorumque filio Arnaldo, eiusque coniuge Adalias, Bernardo Vicecomite, et Arnaldo Lupo Vicecomite, Amnardo, Gauzelmo, Arhuino, Gauselmo alio Vicecomite", donated property "omnem portionem meæ hereditatis…in pago Leumaniæ" to the convent of Condom, for the souls of "meorumque parentum, item Garsiæ-Sanctii Comitis et filii sui Sanctii-Garsiæ Comitis, et Guillermi-Sanctii Comitis et Gimbaldi Episcopi, et Guillelmi Comitis, et Garsiæ Comitis, et Bernardi-Guillelmi Comitis, et Urachæ Comitissæ", naming in a later passage "meus genitor Gimbaldus…meus patruus et Vasconiæ Comes Sanctius…frater eius Guillelmus-Sanctius, meus itidem patruus"[152].

5. UDALRICH . "…Willelmi fratris sui, Odulrici fratris sui" subscribed the charter dated to [989/1010] under which "Gunbaldus sancta Burdegalensis ecclesie archiepiscopus" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Cyprien at Poitiers[153].

6. [son . The wording of the charter of the 29 Jul 1011 charter of Bishop Hugues de Gascogne suggests that the individuals who consented to his donation were his close relations and heirs. Vicomte Arnaud is named first in the list, after Duke Sancho Guillaume, and therefore should probably be considered the senior heir. The document provides no indication about his parentage. Jaurgain states that he was descended from "Donat Sanche troisième fils de Sanche IV Garcia, duc et comte de Gascogne, né de sa seconde femme" but he provides no primary source which confirms the existence of this individual[154]. Under his reconstruction, Vicomte Arnaud was the grandson of this person. However, the birth date range estimated for Arnaud is more consistent with his being the first cousin of Hugues. m ---.] [Two children]:

a) [GUILLAUME (-3 Nov [before 1011], bur Sainte-Quitterie d´Aire). An inscription in the church of Sainte-Quitterie d´Aire records the death "III Id Nov" of "Guillelmus comes C--- [M]archio dux Guascanorum" and the death of "Garsie fratris eius comitis Agennensium"[155]. Jaurgain records that Marca explains this inscription by asserting that the children of Duke Guillaume Sancho were under age when their father died and that "Guillaume leur cousin germain pris la conduite des affaires avec la qualité de comte, marquis et duc des Gascons"[156]. No primary source has been identified which confirms this supposition. In a later passage, Jaurgain cites secondary sources which claim that the inscription never existed, although he appears not to subscribe to this view[157]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis" donated property to the convent of Condom, for the souls of "meorumque parentum, item Garsiæ-Sanctii Comitis et filii sui Sanctii-Garsiæ Comitis, et Guillermi-Sanctii Comitis et Gimbaldi Episcopi, et Guillelmi Comitis, et Garsiæ Comitis, et Bernardi-Guillelmi Comitis, et Urachæ Comitissæ"[158]. It is assumed that "…et Guillelmi Comitis, et Garsiæ Comitis…" were these two brothers.]

b) [GARCIA (-[before 29 Jul 1011], bur Sainte-Quitterie d´Aire). "Garsiæ nepotis ipsorum…" subscribed the charter dated 977 under which "Gumboldus episcopus et frater meus Willelmus Sancio dux Vasconum" re-established the monastery of La Réole[159]. His relationship to Guillaume is confirmed by an inscription in the church of Sa inte-Quitterie d´Aire which records the death "III Id Nov" of "Guillelmus comes C--- [M]archio dux Guascanorum" and the death of "Garsie fratris eius comitis Agennensium"[160]. Jaurgain cites secondary sources which claim that the inscription never existed, although he appears not to subscribe to this view[161]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis" donated property to the convent of Condom, for the souls of "meorumque parentum, item Garsiæ-Sanctii Comitis et filii sui Sanctii-Garsiæ Comitis, et Guillermi-Sanctii Comitis et Gimbaldi Episcopi, et Guillelmi Comitis, et Garsiæ Comitis, et Bernardi-Guillelmi Comitis, et Urachæ Comitissæ"[162]. It is assumed that "…et Guillelmi Comitis, et Garsiæ Comitis…" were these two brothers. Jaurgain states that he was the same person as "…Garsia Donato" ("Guillelmo Sancio, Arsenario Sancio, Rotberto, Bergunio Forte, Garsia Donato") who signed a charter of Réole dated May 980 but there appears to be nothing in the document which suggests that this might be the case[163].]

7. [--- . The wording of the charter of the 29 Jul 1011 charter of Bishop Hugues de Gascogne suggests that the individuals who consented to his donation were his close relations and heirs. Vicomte Arnaud is named first in the list, after Duke Sancho Guillaume, and therefore should probably be considered the senior heir. The document provides no indication about his parentage. Jaurgain states that he was descended from "Donat Sanche troisième fils de Sanche IV Garcia, duc et comte de Gascogne, né de sa seconde femme" but he provides no primary source which confirms the existence of this individual[164]. Under his reconstruction, Vicomte Arnaud was the grandson of this person. However, the birth date range estimated for Arnaud (see below) is more consistent with his being the first cousin of Hugues. Jaurgain suggests that the father of Vicomte Arnaud was Vicomte Oton Donat: Guillaume Sancho Duke of Gascony donated the church of Saint-Gény at Lectoure to Saint-Sever, with the consent of "Otdati vicecomitis atque Arnaldi abbatis præfati loci", by charter dated 993, the donation being recalled in another charter dated 1009[165]. If this is correct, it is likely that he would have been married to one of the daughters of Comte Sancho Garcia. Jaurgain suggests that Oton Daton was the brother of the two brothers Guillaume and Garcia, shown above as nephews of Comte Guillaume Sancho. However, given the birth date range estimated for Arnaud, this is unlikely to be correct. m ---.] One child:

a) ARNAUD ([950/70]-after 29 Jul 1011). The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis", donated property to the convent of Condom with the consent of "…et Arnaldo Vicecomite et cum coniuge sua eorumque filio Arnaldo, eiusque coniuge Adalias…"[166]. The wording of this charter suggests that the individuals who consented to this donation were the close relations and heirs of the donor. Vicomte Arnaud is named first in the list, after Duke Sancho Guillaume, and therefore should probably be considered the senior heir. The document provides no indication about Arnaud´s parentage. Jaurgain states that he was descended from "Donat Sanche troisième fils de Sanche IV Garcia, duc et comte de Gascogne, né de sa seconde femme", but he provides no primary source which confirms the existence of this individual[167]. Under his reconstruction, Vicomte Arnaud was the grandson of this person. However, the birth date range estimated for Arnaud, consistent with his son and his son´s wife also being named in the 1011 charter, is more consistent with his being the first cousin of the donor. [The dating clause of a charter dated Nov 982, under which property was donated to Réole, refers to "regnante Guillelmo Sancio comite, captinentia Arnaldo vicecomiti"[168]. It is not known whether this charter refers to Vicomte Arnaud who was ancestor of the vicomtes de Lomagne, but if it does he would have obviously been born in the earlier part of the date range estimated above.]

- VICOMTES de LOMAGNE.

8. ACIBELLA . The Codex de Roda names "Garsie Sanzoz, ac Sanzo Sanzoz et Gilelmo Sanzoz, ac domnus Gundebaldus episcopus, ad domna Acibella…ac domna Lucia" as the children of "Sanzio Garsies" and his unnamed wife, stating that Acibella married "Lupi Garsies"[169]. m LOUP Garcia, son of ---.

9. LUCIA . The Codex de Roda names "Garsie Sanzoz, ac Sanzo Sanzoz et Gilelmo Sanzoz, ac domnus Gundebaldus episcopus, ad domna Acibella…ac domna Lucia" as the children of "Sanzio Garsies" and his unnamed wife[170].

The following five individuals are all named in the charter dated 29 Jul 1011, under which Bishop Hugues de Gascogne donated property to Condom, as consenting to his donation. This suggests that they were all his close relations and heirs, although if this is correct it is not known how they may have been related to the bishop. It is possible that they were descendants of the daughters of Sancho Garcia Comte de Gascogne or that they were related to Hugues through the maternal line.

1. BERNARD (-after 29 Jul 1011). The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis", with the consent of "eodem Duce [provinciam Vasconiam Sanctione…ducatum]…et Arnaldo Vicecomite et cum coniuge sua eorumque filio Arnaldo, eiusque coniuge Adalias, Bernardo Vicecomite, et Arnaldo Lupo Vicecomite, Amnardo, Gauzelmo, Arhuino, Gauselmo alio Vicecomite", donated property to the convent of Condom[171]. Vicomte.

2. ARNAUD Loup (-after 29 Jul 1011). The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis", with the consent of "…Bernardo Vicecomite, et Arnaldo Lupo Vicecomite, …Gauselmo alio Vicecomite", donated property to the convent of Condom[172]. Vicomte de Dax. According to Jaurgain, Arnaud Loup Vicomte de Dax was the second son of Aner Loup Vicomte d´Oloron. He cites no primary source and presumably bases his hypothesis solely on the patronymic. However, it is likely that all the persons who consented to the 29 Jul 1011 donation were the close relatives and heirs of the donor. If this is correct, the absence of Aner Loup Vicomte d´Oloron, and other members of his family, would be surprising if he was the older brother of Vicomte Arnaud Loup and would have had greater seniority in the claim to the estate.

- VICOMTES de DAX.

3. AMNARD (-after 29 Jul 1011). The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis", with the consent of "eodem Duce [provinciam Vasconiam Sanctione…ducatum]…et Arnaldo Vicecomite et cum coniuge sua eorumque filio Arnaldo, eiusque coniuge Adalias, Bernardo Vicecomite, et Arnaldo Lupo Vicecomite, Amnardo, Gauzelmo, Arhuino, Gauselmo alio Vicecomite", donated property to the convent of Condom[173].

4. GAUCELM (-after 29 Jul 1011). The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis", with the consent of "eodem Duce [provinciam Vasconiam Sanctione…ducatum]…et Arnaldo Vicecomite et cum coniuge sua eorumque filio Arnaldo, eiusque coniuge Adalias, Bernardo Vicecomite, et Arnaldo Lupo Vicecomite, Amnardo, Gauzelmo, Arhuino, Gauselmo alio Vicecomite", donated property to the convent of Condom[174].

5. ARHUIN (-after 29 Jul 1011). The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis", with the consent of "eodem Duce [provinciam Vasconiam Sanctione…ducatum]…et Arnaldo Vicecomite et cum coniuge sua eorumque filio Arnaldo, eiusque coniuge Adalias, Bernardo Vicecomite, et Arnaldo Lupo Vicecomite, Amnardo, Gauzelmo, Arhuino, Gauselmo alio Vicecomite", donated property to the convent of Condom[175].

GUILLAUME Sancho, son of [SANCHO Garcia] & his wife --- (-23 Dec [996]). The Codex de Roda names "Garsie Sanzoz, ac Sanzo Sanzoz et Gilelmo Sanzoz, ac domnus Gundebaldus episcopus, ad domna Acibella…ac domna Lucia" as the children of "Sanzio Garsies" and his unnamed wife[176]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis names "Sancium…et Guillermum atque Gimbaldum" as the three children of "Sancius-Garsiæ", specifying that "Guillelmus-Sanctii" succeeded his brother[177]. The cartulary of Auch records that "Sancius Garsias" had "duos filios manzeres Sancium Sancium et Guillelmum Sancium"[178]. The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Sancium-Sancium et Guillelmum-Sancium" as "duos filios manzeres" of "Sancius-Garsias"[179]. Comte de Gascogne [970]. "Dominus Willelmus Sancii comes Gasconiorum" donated property "villam de Luco Deo" to the abbey of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq by undated charter which refers to "quomodo venisset de Hispania avus domni Willelmi"[180]. "Gumboldus episcopus et frater meus Willelmus Sancio dux Vasconum" re-established the monastery of La Réole by charter dated 977, subscribed by "Guillelmi Garsiæ nepotis ipsorum, Rotgarii vicecomitis, Utzan Amaneii, Seguini vicecomitis, Arcolidat vicecomitis, Arnoldi Amaneii"[181]. "Gumboldus episcopus…regionis dux" confirmed an exchange of property between the monks of La Réole and his vassal "Arsia" with the advice of "fratrum…Willelmus Sancio dux" by charter dated 978, subscribed by "Aner Sano vicecomes, Willelmus Arsiæ, Sans Aner, Rotgarius vicecomes, Utzan Amanieu, Arnald Amanieu"[182]. "…Willelmi fratris sui, Odulrici fratris sui" subscribed the charter dated to [989/1010] under which "Gunbaldus sancta Burdegalensis ecclesie archiepiscopus" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Cyprien at Poitiers[183]. "Willelmus Sancius comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Sever, with the consent of "meæ conjugis Urracæ, ex regali stirpe procedentis…filiis meis Bernardo atque Sancio", by charter dated 993, signed by "…Orioli Sancii de Fageto, Donati Garciæ de Donagelo, Aquelini Atilii de Calonar, Garciæ Mancii de Bergiu…Centuli Gastoni, Gastoni Centuli de Bearno, Azinelli Elzii de Samadello, Asnarii Elsi, Bergomi Sancii, Garciæ Lupi de Sylvestro"[184].

m (after 14 Dec 972) as her second husband, URRACA, daughter of --- (-[12 Jul], before 3 Apr [1009]). Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 993 under which "Willelmus Sancius comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Sever, with the consent of "meæ conjugis Urracæ, ex regali stirpe procedentis…filiis meis Bernardo atque Sancio"[185]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[186], she was Urraca de Navarra, widow of Fernán González Conde de Castilla, daughter of García III Sánchez King of Navarre & his second wife Teresa de León. There does not appear to be any surviving primary source which confirms that this is correct, although several factors suggest that it may be true. The fact that King García III had a sister named Urraca is confirmed by the charter dated 971 under which "Santio rex simulque frater meus Ranimirus et dompna Urraca regina" confirmed a donation to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, which was confirmed by "…Dompna Urraca, eiusdem regis germana, Garsea ipsius regis filius…"[187]. In addition, "…Sancio filius Gogelmi comitis…" (apparently Urraca's son, see below) was among those who signed a charter dated 992 under which Sancho King of Navarre (who would have been Urraca´s brother if this hypothesis is correct) donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla[188]. Lastly, there appears to be no other probable "regali stirpe" (as quoted in the 993 charter quoted above) than the royal family of Navarre from which Urraca could have descended. "Willelmus Sancius comes et dominus totius Vasconie, cum Urraca sua muliere" donated the church of Sainte-Susanne to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde by undated charter[189]. "Willelmus Sancius comes et dominus totius Vasconie, cum Urraca sua muliere" donated the church of Sainte-Susanne to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde by undated charter[190]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis" donated property to the convent of Condom, for the souls of "meorumque parentum, item Garsiæ-Sanctii Comitis et filii sui Sanctii-Garsiæ Comitis, et Guillermi-Sanctii Comitis et Gimbaldi Episcopi, et Guillelmi Comitis, et Garsiæ Comitis, et Bernardi-Guillelmi Comitis, et Urachæ Comitissæ"[191]. She died before 3 Apr [1009], the date of the charter under which her son "Bernardus Willelmus comes…cum germano meo Sancio" confirmed, "annuente beatæ memoriæ matre mea Urraca", the foundation of Saint-Sever by "genitor meus Willelmus Sancio comes", this wording suggesting that Urraca died only shortly before the confirmation especially as the document is purportedly signed by "Urracæ comitissæ"[192]. The necrology of Saint-Sever records the death "IV Id Jul…1041" of "Urraca comitissa"[193]. However, either the year is incorrect or this entry refers to another "Urraca comitissa". Even without the evidence of the 3 Apr [1009] charter, Urraca would have been well over 90 years in 1041 if this entry refers to the wife of Guillaume Sancho.

Comte Guillaume & his wife had four children:

1. BERNARD Guillaume (-25 Dec [1009]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 993 under which "Willelmus Sancius comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Sever, with the consent of "meæ conjugis Urracæ, ex regali stirpe procedentis…filiis meis Bernardo atque Sancio"[194]. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis" donated property to the convent of Condom, for the souls of "meorumque parentum, item Garsiæ-Sanctii Comitis et filii sui Sanctii-Garsiæ Comitis, et Guillermi-Sanctii Comitis et Gimbaldi Episcopi, et Guillelmi Comitis, et Garsiæ Comitis, et Bernardi-Guillelmi Comitis, et Urachæ Comitissæ"[195]. Comte de Gascogne. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes names "Bernardus Wasconiæ dux" when recording his death "insidiis muliebribus, maleficis artibus corpore fatescente"[196]. "Bernardus Willelmus comes" confirmed the foundation of Saint-Sever by "genitor meus Willelmus Sancio comes", confirmed by "germano meo Sancio et beatæ memoriæ matre mea Urraca, cum duobus consanguineus nostris Aymone…et Aymonio", by charter dated 3 Apr [1009], signed by "Bernardi filii Willelmi…Urracæ comitissæ, Goscelini de Listrac, Achelini filii eius, Willelmi Auriloi de Fageto, Willelmi Aurioli de Monte-Severi et de Mugron, Azerilis de Salt, Anelup de Loron, Lobaner filii eius, Arnaldi Lupi de Aquis, Lomans de S. Hilario, Atilio Sancio de Tourcian, Lobaner vicecomes de Marcian, Willelmi Lupi eius filii"[197]. The necrology of Saint-Sever records the death "VIII Kal Jan…in die dominico" (which Jaurgain calculates as indicating 1009) of "comes Vasconiæ Bernardus filius Willelmi Sancii comitis"[198].

2. GERSENDE (-after 996). The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis notes that "Gimbaldum Comitem, patrem Ugonis Episcopi" donated property "ecclesiam S. Johannis, Cablisa" to the convent of Condom and also "nobilissima femina Gavarsens…eius videlicet neptis, soror Sanctii Guasconiæ Comitis" after returning from "quadam provincia Burgundia…ubi maritum habuerat"[199]. Three charters name the second wife of Henri Duke of Burgundy as "Gersende": "Domnus Hugo comes atque mater sua Adeleidis" donated property "in pago Cabilonensi" to the abbey of Paray-le-Moniale by an undated charter signed by "Hugo comes, Adeleidis matris suæ, Mauritii filii eius, Enrici ducis, Garlindis uxoris eius"[200]; "Henrici ducis…[et] dominæ Garsindis comitissæ" and "Henricus dux, Gersindis ducatrix" are named in two charters of Saint-Symphorien d'Autun dated Jun 991 or 992 and 10 May 993 respectively[201]. Bouchard suggests that Garlindis/Garsindis are name variants of "Gerberga", the wife of Duke Henri named in earlier sources (and assumed to be his first wife)[202]. However, this appears unlikely to be correct as the suffix root elements of these names "-sendis" and "-berga" are not normally interchangeable and appear separately with different prefix roots in many different contemporary names[203]. It therefore appears likely that "Gersende" was a different person from "Gerberge". Bouchard also highlights that the only allusion to the origin of Duke Henri's supposed second wife is a satirical poem written about Landry Comte de Nevers which includes an obscure reference to a wife who felt distressed and "sought Gascony". She also comments that the context of the poem implies that, in any case, it was Landry's wife to whom this refers[204]. However, it does not appear that she was aware of the passage in the Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quoted above. m (before Jun 992, repudiated 996 before 24 Oct) as his second wife, HENRI Duke of Burgundy, son of HUGUES "le Grand" Duc des Francs & his third wife Hedwig of Germany ([948]-Château de Pouilly-sur-Saône 15 Oct 1002).

3. SANCHO Guillaume (-4 Oct 1032, bur Saint-Julien de Lescar). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 993 under which "Willelmus Sancius comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Sever, with the consent of "meæ conjugis Urracæ, ex regali stirpe procedentis…filiis meis Bernardo atque Sancio"[205]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes names "Santius" as brother of Bernard, when recording his succession as "dux Wasconum"[206]. The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "nobilem Ducem Guasconis Sancius et fratres et sorores eius" as children of "Guillelmus-Sancius"[207]. The only difficulty with this paternity is the charter dated to [1010/32] under which "Sancius comes, nepos…Urrache" donated the church of Saint-Pantaléon to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde[208]. If the text of this charter is correct, Sancho was not the son of Urraca. It is uncertain how "nepos" should be translated in the context of the document. If "grandson" is correct, no information has so far been found to identify Sancho's father. However, "…Sancio filius Gogelmi comitis…" was among those who signed a charter dated 992 under which Sancho King of Navarre donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla[209], King Sancho being the brother of Urraca de Navarra. A further complication is provided by the Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis which names Gersende as sister of Sancho[210]. If it is correct that Gersende was the wife of Henri Duke of Burgundy as shown above, and that they married before Jun 992, it is not possible for her to have been the granddaughter of Comte Guillaume Sanchez. The solution to this problem is not obvious. Although charter evidence is usually more reliable than manuscript genealogies (assuming that the charter in question is not spurious), in this case the Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ records no names later than Sancho, which suggests that it was written while he was still alive and therefore has some chance of being accurate. Not enough is known about the chronology of this family to be able to assess estimated birth dates with any reasonable degree of confidence, otherwise an effective method of cross-checking the feasibility of proposed relationships. Duke of Gascony. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis", with the consent of "eodem Duce [provinciam Vasconiam Sanctione…ducatum]…", donated property to the convent of Condom[211]. "Sancius…totius Gasconniæ princeps et dux" founded the monastery of St Hilaire-de-Lassun, later known as St Pé-de-Générès, in the presence of "Garcias Arnaldi comes Vigorrensis…Centullus Gastonis vicecomes Bearnensis…Bernardus comes Armaniacensis, Aymericus comes Fedenciacensis, Bernardus comes Pardiniacensis…Forto vicecomes Levitanensis et filii eius Garcias et Guilhermus, Guilhermus Dati vicecomes Sylvanensis, et Guilhermus Odonis vicecomes de Montanerii, Raimundus Guilhermi de Benaco, et Arnaldus Raymundi de Baso, Guilhermus Garcias Curta spata, Arnaldus cognomine Ursus, Guilhermus Lupi vicecomes Marcianensis, et Arnaldus vicecomes Aquensis, Arnaldus de Aura…", by charter dated to [1022][212]. "Comes Sancio" confirmed the foundation of the monastery of Saint-Sever by "pater meus Willelmus Sancio" by charter dated Nov 1028, signed by "Centuli Gastoni, Willelmi Lupi, Arnaldi, Rotberti, Azoris Acelini, Arnaldi Willelmi, Bernardi Raymundi, Ricardi, Raymundi, Arnaldo Lupi, Sancio Atil, Arnaldi"[213]. The necrology of Saint-Sever records the death "IV Non Oct…1032" of "Sancius comes Vasconiæ"[214]. m ---. The name of Sancho's wife is not known. Sancho & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [ALAISIA . According to Europäische Stammtafeln[215], Hilduin Comte d'Angoulême married Alaisia, daughter of Sancho Guillén Duke of Gascony, although the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified and it contradicts the sources cited above. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records the marriage of "Ilduinem comitem" and "comitissæ Alaiziæ", specifying that she brought "castro Fronciaco" to her husband[216]. However, the chronicle of Guitres names "Grimoardus…vicecomes [et] uxorem de Montiniac…Dea" as parents of "Alaaz, Engolismensem comitissam et Ameliam, Petragoricorum comitissam"[217]. Another table in Europäische Stammtafeln[218], records their possible son as Berenger, "Duke of Gascony 1032, died [1036/37]". He is named as such in L'art de verifier les dates[219], but if this is correct it is unclear why Berenger (who would presumably have been his parents' oldest son if he succeeded in Gascony) did not subscribe the charter dated to [1020/28] which was subscribed by his presumed brothers Guillaume and Arnaud[220]. It appears that this person never existed. Jaurgain suggests that his invention resulted from misinterpretation of a charter dated to [1060] under which "Auriol Garsies de Navarra" granted property in Gascony which he held "ex comite Berlengerio" to Garcia Arnaud Vicomte de Dax, suggesting that "comes Berlenger" can be identified as Berenguer Ramon I Comte de Barcelona who happened to own some property in Gascony[221]. m ([1020]) HILDUIN d'Angoulême, son of GUILLAUME IV Comte d'Angoulême & his wife Gerberge d'Anjou (-1032 before 1 May). He succeeded his father in 1028 as Comte d'Angoulême.]

4. SANCHA [Brisca/Prisca] (-before 1018). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes names "Briscam" as sister of "dux Santii", when recording her marriage to "Willelmi ducis" after the death of the latter's first wife[222]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maixent names "sororem Sancii Ducis Gasconiæ, nomine Briscam" as second wife of Duke Guillaume, in a later paragraph recording the death of "Sancia conjuge Guillermi ducis"[223]. "Willelmi ducis Aquitanorum, Willelmi filii eius, Odoni filii eius, Prisca comitisse" subscribed the charter dated to [1012/18] under which "Ugo Liziniacensis domnus" donated property to St Cyprien, Poitiers[224]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Vuillelmus Pictavorum comes et uxor Prisca…"[225].] m (early 1011) as his second wife, GUILLAUME III "le Grand" Comte de Poitou, GUILLAUME V Duke of Aquitaine, son of GUILLAUME IV "Fier-à-Bras" Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME II Comte de Poitou] & his wife Emma de Blois ([969]-Abbaye de Maillezais 31 Jan 1030). Sancha & her husband had two children:

a) EUDES de Poitou (killed in battle Mauzé 10 Mar 1039, bur Maillezais, Abbaye de Saint-Pierre). Ademar names "Odonem" son of "Willelmi ducis" & his wife "Briscam"[226]. He succeeded his maternal uncle as Duke of Gascony in 1032. It appears to be incorrect, as asserted by Richard, that Eudes only succeeded as Duke of Gascony in 1036 after the death of "Bérenger d'Angoulême"[227]. It is probable that the latter person never existed but was invented to explain the charter dated to [1060] under which "Auriol Garsies de Navarra" granted property in Gascony which he held "ex comite Berlengerio" to Garcia Arnaud Vicomte de Dax, Jaurgain suggesting that "comes Berlenger" can in fact be identified as Berenguer Ramon I Comte de Barcelona who happened to own some property in Gascony[228]. A charter dated 1033 records that "nepos…Odo" succeeded on the death of "Sancius…comes [civitatis Burdigalensis]", signed by "Centullus de Bearnt, Arnaldus Aquensis, W. Lup, Aichelinus Guillelmi, Andro Ariolh"[229]. He succeeded his half-brother in 1038 as EUDES Duke of Aquitaine, Comte de Poitou. He was killed while asserting his rights to Poitou against his stepmother and half-brother[230]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records that "Odo comes" was killed and buried "in Malliaco" with his father and brother[231].

b) THIBAUT (-young). The Chronicle of Saint-Maixent names "Odonem et Tetbaudum" as the two sons of Duke Guillaume and "sororem Sancii Ducis Gasconiæ, Briscam", specifying that Thibaut "puer mortuus est"[232]. "Willelmus Pictavorum comes et dux Aquitaniæ" donated property to Saint-Maixent for the souls of "filii mei Willelmi atque Odoni atque Tetbaudi" by charter dated [1013/22][233]. He is named in a charter of the Abbey of Saint-Maixent, dated to after his mother's death and before his father's remarriage[234].

Chapter 2. SIRES d'ALBRET

The family of the Sires d´Albret originated in Labrit, a town in Landes south of Bordeaux[235], the two names seemingly having the same etymology, "Albret" presumably being the French evolution of the Gascon "Labrit". The remains of what is thought to have been the Albret castle, probably originally built in [1100] and abandoned in the 16th century, were rediscovered at Labrit by Jean-Bernard Marquette and classified as "monument historique" by order dated 27 Dec 1990[236]. According to Jaurgain, the Sire d´Albret were descended from the vicomtes de Bezaume, but his reconstruction appears based on onomastics rather than any specific primary source[237]. In addition, the reconstruction of the first few generations of this family, as shown in most secondary sources including Jaurgain, is not an accurate reflection of the precise wording of the surviving primary source documentation. There is a high probability that the individuals named are closely related in the male line, as shown by the onomastics, but the generally accepted reconstruction has in part been deconstructed for the purposes of presentation in the present document. It is only from Amanieu [VI] Sire d´Albret (who died before Sep 1240) that an unbroken line of descent can be traced in the male line until the early 16th century. Despite the lack of a noble title higher than "sire", the family made judicious marriages into the families of the comtes d´Armagnac, the comtes de la Marche, the ducs de Bourbon in the 13th and14th centuries. In the mid-15th century, Charles [II] Sire d´Albret was invested as comte de Dreux by the king of France, and his descendant Alain (who died in 1522) was made Comte de Castres, de Gavre et de Périgord. Alain´s grandson Jean completed the family´s ascent when he married the heiress of the kingdom of Navarre as succeeded as king of Navarre by right of his wife.

1. AMANIEU [I], son of --- (-after [1030]). "Bernardus Willelmus comes" confirmed the foundation of Saint-Sever, confirmed by "germano meo Sancio et beatæ memoriæ matre mea Urraca, cum duobus consanguineus nostris Aymone…et Aymonio", by charter dated 3 Apr [1009][238]. According to Jaurgain, "Aymone…et Aymonio" were brothers[239]. Amanieu signed a charter dated to [1030] under which Sancho Guillaume Duke of Gascony donated property to the church of Saint-André de Bordeaux[240]. Jaurgain identifies Amanieu as ancestor of the sires d´Albret[241].

2. AMANIEU [II] (-after [1050]). The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis records that "Amaneus Lebrestensis" claimed "ecclesiam sancti Petri Sanagorensis" during the time of Seguin abbot of Condom (dated to [1050])[242]. The dates of the mentions of Amanieu [I] and Amanieu [II] suggest that they must have been different persons. Sire d'Albret. m ---. The name of Amanieu's wife is not known. Amanieu [I] & his wife had [two] children:

a) [BERNARD AIZ [I] d'Albret (-after [1097]). Although Bernard and Guillaume Amanieu are shown to be brothers, by the subscription "Willelmus Amanei, Bernardi fratris eius" of charters of Grande-Sauve dated to [1079/89][243], no primary source has been found which confirms that they were the sons of Amanieu [II] except for the patronymic attributed to Guillaume Amanieu. Sire d'Albret. "Bernardus Aiz de Lebret cum uxor mea et filiis" donated property to Grande-Sauve by charter dated to [1085][244].] m ---. The name of Bernard Aiz's wife is not known. Bernard Aiz [I] & his wife had three children:

i) AMANIEU [III] d'Albret (-after [1140]). "Amaneus de Lebret filius Bernardeizii" subscribed a charter to Saint-Sever dated to [1125][245]. Sire d'Albret.

b) [GUILLAUME AMANIEU d'Albret (-after [1097]). Although Bernard and Guillaume Amanieu are shown to be brothers, by the subscription "Willelmus Amanei, Bernardi fratris eius" of charters of Grande-Sauve dated to [1079/89][246], no primary source has been found which confirms that they were the sons of Amanieu [II] except for the patronymic attributed to Guillaume Amanieu. Vicomte de Bezaume. Comte de Benauges.]

- VICOMTES de BEZAUME.

3. GUILLAUME AMANIEU (-after [1105]). According to Jaurgain, Guillaume Amanieu was the son of Bernard Aiz [I] but he cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[247]. Seigneur de Brocas. "Willelmus Amaneus et uxor sua Beliard cum filio suo Arnaldo" donated rights to Saint-Sever by charter dated to [1105][248]. m BELIARDE, daughter of ---. "Willelmus Amaneus et uxor sua Beliard cum filio suo Arnaldo" donated rights to Saint-Sever by charter dated to [1105][249]. Guillaume Amanieu & his wife had one child:

a) ARNAUD (-after [1105]). "Willelmus Amaneus et uxor sua Beliard cum filio suo Arnaldo" donated rights to Saint-Sever by charter dated to [1105][250].

4. ETIENNE d´Albret (-after 1126). According to Jaurgain, Etienne was the son of Amanieu [III] but he cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[251]. "Stephanus de Lebret archidiaconus Vasalensis qui episcopus fuerat" signed the charter dated 1124 which records the foundation of the monastery of Font-Guilhem[252]. Archdeacon of Bazas.

1. BERNARD AIZ [II] d'Albret (-before 1155). According to Jaurgain, Bernard Aiz [II] was the son of Amanieu [III] but he cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[253]. Sire d'Albret. According to Jaurgain, Bernard Aiz [II] is named in a charter dated 1140[254].

2. --- . Jaurgain states that Amanieu [IV] was the son of Bernard Aiz [II] but he cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[255]. The chronology is such that he could also have been Amanieu [III] d´Albret (see above). m --- de Béarn, daughter of GASTON [IV] Vicomte de Béarn & his wife doña Talesia Sánchez ([1090/1110]). The charter dated 1164, under which "Amaneus de Lebreto nepos Gastonis vicecomitis de Bearn" donated "terras suas de Artigavella" to the abbot of Fort-Guilhem[256], appears to confirm that Gaston [IV] was the maternal grandfather of Amanieu [IV] d´Albret although this may not be the only interpretation of "nepos" in this document. The name of her husband is not known with certainty. Jaurgain states that he was Bernard Aiz [II] but he cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[257]. The chronology is such that her husband could also have been Amanieu [III] d´Albret (see above). Three children:

a) AMANIEU [IV] d'Albret ([1110/40]-[1187/91]). Jaurgain states that Amanieu [IV] was the son of Bernard Aiz [II] but he cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[258]. Sire d'Albret.

- see below.

b) ROGER d'Albret . Roger d´Albret and his brother Amanieu are named in a charter of Odon [IV] Vicomte de Lomagne dated 1060[259].

c) REGINE d'Albret (-after 1195). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 29 Sep 1195 which records that Amanieu [IV] d´Albret had paid the dowry of "Rogie d´Albret sa sœur, femme d´Arnaud de Lomagne et mère d´Odon seigneur de Batz"[260]. m ARNAUD de Lomagne Seigneur de Batx, son of VEZIAN [I] Vicomte de Lomagne & his wife Beatrix --- (-after 1195).

AMANIEU [IV] d'Albret, son of --- d´Albret & his wife --- de Béarn ([1110/40]-[1187/91]). Jaurgain states that Amanieu [IV] was the son of Bernard Aiz [II] but he cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[261]. Sire d'Albret. "Amaneus de Lebret" donated "la terre où fur construit le prieuré de Niac" to Grande-Selve by charter dated 1155[262]. "Amaneus de Lebreto nepos Gastonis vicecomitis de Bearn" donated "terras suas de Artigavella" to the abbot of Fort-Guilhem by charter dated 1164[263]. "Amaneus de Labret" confirmed rights to Grande-Selve by charter dated 1187[264].

[According to L´Art de vérifier les dates, Amanieu [IV]´s testament was dated 2 Aug 1209[265]. This is impossible if his wife´s second marriage is correctly dated to [1186/91] as shown above. The information available in surviving primary sources appears to be insufficient to decide conclusively whether how many different sires d´Albret named Amanieu lived during the second half of the 12th century. Jaurgain attempts to resolve the anomaly by stating that the testament was that of "Amanieu V Sire d´Albret" who, he says, was the son of Amanieu [IV]. Unfortunately, Jaurgain also says that this "Amanieu V" was the husband of Almodis d´Angoulême, presumably unaware of her second marriage. He cites no primary sources on which he bases his arguments. Estimating birth date ranges helps only approximately in resolving the problem. The only reference from which Amanieu [IV]´s birth date can be assessed is the very approximate date assigned to his mother (see above). The birth date of his supposed wife Almodis d´Angoulême can be assessed more precisely (see below), and if Amanieu [IV] was born towards the end of the range shown above he would not have been much older than her. Obviously, the earlier his actual birth date, the greater the age difference, and the more likely that Almodis´s husband was Amanieu [IV]´s son. Whatever the solution to this conundrum, we are still left with the testament dated 2 Aug 1209 which could not have been that of Almodis´s husband, assuming that her second marriage is correct.]

m as her first husband, ALMODIS d'Angoulême, daughter of GUILLAUME VI Comte d'Angoulême & his second wife Marguerite de Turenne ([1151/60]-). Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 1171 under which "Vuillelmus Talafers comes Engolismensis Vulgrini filius et Margarita uxor mea et filii nostri Vulgrinus scilicet primogenitus noster, Vuillelmus Talafers, Ademarus, Grisetus, Fulco et Almodis filia nostra uxor Amanei de Lebret" transferred rights to Saint-Amant-de-Boixe[266]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1186/91] under which "Ademarus comes Engolismensis et soror mea Almodis vicecomitissa de Brozces" donated property to Saint-Amant-de-Boixe[267], and by the charter also dated to [1186/91] under which "Almodis soror Ademari Engolismensis comitis" donated property to Saint-Amant-de-Boixe with the consent of "fratre meo A comite et viro meo Bernardo vicecomite de Brozces"[268]. She married secondly (before [1186/91]) as his first wife, Bernard [III] Vicomte de Brosse. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1186/91] under which "Ademarus comes Engolismensis et soror mea Almodis vicecomitissa de Brozces" donated property to Saint-Amant-de-Boixe[269], and by the charter also dated to [1186/91] under which "Almodis soror Ademari Engolismensis comitis" donated property to Saint-Amant-de-Boixe with the consent of "fratre meo A comite et viro meo Bernardo vicecomite de Brozces"[270].

Amanieu & his wife had [one] child:

1. [AMANIEU [V] d'Albret ([1165/70]-after 2 Aug 1209). According to L´Art de vérifier les dates, the testament of "Amanieu d´Albret" was dated 2 Aug 1209[271]. As noted above, it is not clear to which Sire d´Albret this document can refer. Amanieu [IV], assuming that he was the husband of Almodis d´Angoulême as shown above, must have died before her second marriage which is dated to [1186/91]. Amanieu [VI], shown below, is recorded as living in the 1230s. It is chronologically possible for there to have been an intervening generation. If this is correct, the charter dated 1187, under which "Amaneus de Labret" confirmed rights to Grande-Selve[272], may refer to Amanieu [V] as, if Amanieu [IV] had recently died, it may have been considered appropriate for his successor to confirm previous arrangements with the abbey. Amanieu [V] would also have been "aïeul" of "Amanevus de Lebreto filius quondam domine Assalite filie vicecomitis de Tartascio" recorded in the charter dated 17 Oct 1240 as having granted rights to the abbot of Grandselve in 1200[273]. Sire d´Albret. m ---. The name of Amanieu´s wife is not known. Amanieu [V] & his wife had [two] children:

a) [AMANIEU [VI] d'Albret ([1190/95]-before Sep 1240). Most secondary sources record the person presented in this document as Amanieu [VI] as the son of Amanieu [IV] and his wife Adalmodis d´Angoulême. However, as noted above, this fails to take into account the Amanieu whose testament is dated 2 Aug 1209. Assigning possible birth date ranges to Amanieu [IV], [V] and [VI] as shown in this document demonstrates that the hypothesis is feasible from a chronological point of view. Sire d'Albret. The Histoire de la Croisade des Albigeois (in Provençal verse) records that "N Amaneus de Lebret" was present at the capture of the château de Termes in 1210 and at the siege of Marmande in 1219[274]. "Amanevus de Lebreto" signed a document dated 16 Aug 1231 guaranteeing safe passage to the king of England for his visit for the dedication of the church of the abbey of Grande-Sauve[275]. m firstly ([1215]) ASSARIDE de Tartas, daughter of ARNAUD RAYMOND Vicomte de Tartas & his wife Navara de Dax. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 17 Oct 1240 under which "Amanevus de Lebreto filius quondam domine Assalite filie vicecomitis de Tartascio" confirmed rights to the abbot of Grandselve[276]. m secondly ISABELLE de Bergerac, sister of Hélie Rudel Seigneur de Bergerac et de Gensac, daughter of ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by an undated document which records that "Hélie Rudel Seigneur de Bergerac, oncle de Bérard" complained to Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicester about the unjust settlement imposed by Amanieu [VII] Sire d´Albret on his brother Bérard[277]. Amanieu [V] & his first wife had one child:

i) AMANIEU [VII] d'Albret (-after 25 Jun 1270). Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse invested "Amanevum de Lebreto" with all the fiefs in the diocese of Agen which his father held when he died[278]. Sire d'Albret. Vicomte de Maremne.

- see below.

Amanieu [V] & his second wife had one child:

ii) BERARD d'Albret (-before 26 Jun 1270). His parentage is confirmed by an undated document which records that "Hélie Rudel Seigneur de Bergerac, oncle de Bérard" complained to Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicester about the unjust settlement imposed by Amanieu [VII] Sire d´Albret on his brother Bérard[279].

b) [PUCELLE d'Albret (-after 1243). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ROGER d'Armagnac Vicomte de Fezensaguet, son of BERNARD d'Armagnac [Lomagne] & his wife --- (-[1243/22 Mar 1245]).

AMANIEU [VII] d'Albret, son of (-after 25 Jun 1270). Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse invested "Amanevum de Lebreto" with all the fiefs in the diocese of Agen which his father held when he died[280]. Sire d'Albret. "Amanevus de Lebreto filius quondam domine Assalite filie vicecomitis de Tartascio" confirmed rights to the abbot of Grandselve which had been granted by Amanieu d´Albret "son aïeul" in 1200, by charter dated 17 Oct 1240[281]. Vicomte de Maremne. The first testament of "el noble bar n´Amaniu de Labrit, filh de n´Amaniu de Labrid et de n´Assaride de Tartas" is dated 25 Jul 1262, appoints "Pey de Bordel et na Mathe, sa fille et ma moilher" as his executors and "Gaston de Bearn…en G. d´Armanhac" as substitutes in case of their death, names "Bernadeids mon filh" as his heir, and "Assaride ma filhe…de la avantdite na Matha ma moilher"[282].

m firstly (divorced) VIANE de Gontaud, daughter of ---. 1272.

m secondly ([1255]) MATHE de Bordeaux, daughter of PIERRE de Bordeaux Captal de Buch & his wife --- (-after May 1281). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by first testament of her husband "el noble bar n´Amaniu de Labrit, filh de n´Amaniu de Labrid et de n´Assaride de Tartas", dated 25 Jul 1262, which appoints "Pey de Bordel et na Mathe, sa fille et ma moilher" as his executors[283].

Amanieu [VI] & his first wife had one child:

1. AMANIEU d'Albret (-before 25 Jul 1262).

Amanieu [VI] & his second wife had seven children:

2. BERNARD AIZ [IV] d'Albret (-24 Dec 1280). The testament of "el noble bar n´Amaniu de Labrit, filh de n´Amaniu de Labrid et de n´Assaride de Tartas" is dated 25 Jul 1262, appoints "Bernadeids mon filh" as his heir, and names "Assaride ma filhe…de la avantdite na Matha ma moilher"[284]. Sire d'Albret. His testament is dated 23 Dec 1280[285]. m as her first husband, JEANNE de Lusignan, daughter of HUGUES [XII] Comte de la Marche et d'Angoulême, Sire de Lusignan & his wife Jeanne de Fougères (-before 18 Apr 1323, bur Abbaye de Valence). She married secondly Pierre de Joinville [Genville], of Ludlow Shropshire and Walterstone co Hereford. She and her sister Isabelle, as joint heiresses of the county of la Marche, agreed May 1309 to transfer the county to Philippe IV "le Bel" King of France, when it was united with the royal domains. Bernard Aiz [IV] & his wife had two children:

a) MATHE d'Albret (-before 1283, bur Auch Cathedral). Dame d'Albret.

b) ISABELLE d'Albret (-1 Dec 1294, bur Auch Cathedral). Dame d'Albret. The testament of “Isabellis domina de Lebreto comitissa Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” is dated 1 Oct 1294, names “dominam Johannam de la Marcha matrem meam” as her heir “in castro meo de Alhais diocesis Vasatensis”, chooses her burial “in ecclesia cathedrali B. Mariæ Auxis in sepultura sororis meæ quondam”, appoints “Rotgerium de Armaniaco sororium meum” as her heir “in castris de Casa-nova, de Lebreto” and names “domino Bernardo comiti Armaniaci et Fesenciaci marito meo...Gastoni vicecomiti Fesensaquelli...sororiis meis”[286]. m as his first wife, BERNARD [VI] Comte d'Armagnac, son of GERAUD [VI] Comte d'Armagnac & his wife Mathe de Béarn (-1319).

3. ASSALIDE d'Albret (before 25 Jul 1262-after 5 Jan 1286). The testament of "el noble bar n´Amaniu de Labrit, filh de n´Amaniu de Labrid et de n´Assaride de Tartas" is dated 25 Jul 1262, appoints "Bernadeids mon filh" as his heir, and names "Assaride ma filhe…de la avantdite na Matha ma moilher"[287]. The marriage contract of "dame Assalide d´Albret" and "le filz du comte d´Astarac" is dated 1 May 1278 which records the dowry given by "Berard Ezii son frère"[288]. [m firstly VEZIAN Vicomte de Lomagne .] m [secondly] (1 Jan 1279) CENTULE [III] Comte d'Astarac, son of BERNARD [IV] Comte d´Astarac & his wife --- (-1300).

4. AMANIEU [VII] d'Albret (after 25 Jul 1262-[8 Jun/11 Oct] 1326). Seigneur de Maremne. Sire d'Albret 1294.

- see below.

5. ARNAUD AMANIEU d'Albret (after 25 Jul 1262-after 1270).

6. MATHE d'Albret ([1262/70]-). m (before 1280) GUILLAUME SEGUIN Seigneur de Rions .

7. ANNE d'Albret (-after 1 Dec 1287). The testament of "madame Nade d´Albret, dame de Lusenhan" is dated [11 Dec] 1281 and appoints "Amanieu d´Albret son frère" as her heir[289]. m firstly ARNAUD de Lezinhac . m secondly ARNAUD Arroumhan .

8. ISABELLE d´Albret .

The relationship between the following person and the above family has not been ascertained.

1. AMANIEU d'Albret (-after 3 Jan 1270). m --- de Rançon, daughter of GEOFFROY de Rançon & his wife ---. Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse agreed that "Amanevi de Lebreto et Gaucelini de Castellione...Hugo Archiepiscopus [domino Pertiniaci]" should receive one quarter of the inheritance of "Gaufridi de Rançonio, junioris, ultimo defuncti", the proportion due to their wives, by document dated 3 Jan 1270[290]. The document does not state the relationship between the deceased and the wives of the three named beneficiaries. However, use of the word "junioris" suggests that there was a "Gaufridi de Rançonio, senioris", possibly the father of all four.

The following is an outline only of the main members of this family, shown for the purpose of hyperlinking to other documents in Medieval Lands and as a framework within which to place new primary source extracts when these have been found. The full genealogy of the Sires d´Albret is published in Europäische Stammtafeln[291].

AMANIEU [VII] d'Albret, son of AMANIEU [VI] Sire d´Albret & his second wife Isabelle de Bergerac (after 25 Jul 1262-before 6 Jun 1326). Seigneur de Maremne. Sire d'Albret 1294. Sire de Tartas et de Dax. Seigneur de Mixe et d'Ostabarret. His testament is dated 11 Jul 1324[292].

m (contract 15 Jan 1288) as her second husband, ROSE de Bourg, widow of AYMON GUILLAUME Sire de Lesparre, daughter of GERARD de Bourg Seigneur de Vertheuil et de Vayres & his wife --- (-after 6 Jun 1326). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the testament of "messire Gérard de Bourg", which is dated 1282 and appoints "Rousse sa fille" as her heir, the record of the document adding that "despuis, feust maryée au seigneur d´Albret"[293]. The testament of "dame Rouze de Bourg dame d´Albret" is dated 6 Jun 1326 and appoints "Bernardetz son premier fils seigneur d´Albret" as her heir, and bequeathes "la seigneurie de Cubsac" to "Eyquem Guilhaume seigneur de Lesparre, fils de son premier mary", "la seigneurie de Verteuil" to "messire Guitard d´Albret son fils d´autre marriage" and "les seigneuries de Vayres et de Marcaulx" to "messire Berard d´Albret aussy son fils"[294].

Amanieu [VII] & his wife had eleven children:

1. BERNARD AIZ [V] (-1358 or after). "Messire Amanieu sire d´Albret" emancipated "son filz Bérard" 8 Jan 1318[295]. Sire d´Albret. The testament of "dame Rouze de Bourg dame d´Albret" is dated 6 Jun 1326 and appoints "Bernardetz son premier fils seigneur d´Albret" as her heir[296]. The testament of "messire Bernardetz sire d´Albret, filz d´Amanieu sire d´Albret et de dame Rouse de Bourg", dated 1358, appoints "messire Amanieu son premier filz" as his heir in the Albret estates, donates "Gensac et Castelmoron" to "Bérard son second filz", "les seigneuries de Gosse, Seignans, Auribat, Pontons, Born, Mimisan, Herbe Favière et Brassenx" to "Girault son troisième filz", and names "son quatriesme filz feust evesque d´Acqz"[297]. m firstly (31 Jan 1311) ISABELLE de Gironde, daughter of ARNAUD de Gironde & his wife Talese de Caumont (-22 Sep 1318). The testament of "Isabeau dame de Guironde, femme de Bernard Ezii" is dated 1318[298]. m secondly (contract 21 May 1321) MATHE d´Armagnac, daughter of BERNARD [VI] Comte d´Armagnac & his second wife Cécile de Rodez ([mid-late 1302]-1364). The marriage contract of "Mathe sœur du comte d´Armagnac" and "Bernard Ezii fils de Amanieu sire d´Albret" is dated 21 May 1321[299]. The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "filii nostri Johannis primogeniti…Bernardum filium nostrum secundo genitum…Johannam filiam nostrum…dominam Matham de Armaniaco sororem nostrum, uxorem domini de Lebreto…dominum Amaneum de Lebreto militem filium suum primogenitum…dominum Bernardum Ezii de Lebreto militem, filium dictæ sororis nostræ secundo genitum…Johannes de Lebreto filium dictæ sororis nostræ tertio genitum…"[300]. Bernard Aiz [V] & his second wife had six children:

a) ARNAUD AMANIEU [VIII] (-1401). The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "…dominam Matham de Armaniaco sororem nostrum, uxorem domini de Lebreto…dominum Amaneum de Lebreto militem filium suum primogenitum…dominum Bernardum Ezii de Lebreto militem, filium dictæ sororis nostræ secundo genitum…Johannes de Lebreto filium dictæ sororis nostræ tertio genitum…"[301]. Sire d´Albret.

- see below.

b) BERNARD EZI d´Albret (-[18 Feb 1347/1358]). The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "…dominam Matham de Armaniaco sororem nostrum, uxorem domini de Lebreto…dominum Amaneum de Lebreto militem filium suum primogenitum…dominum Bernardum Ezii de Lebreto militem, filium dictæ sororis nostræ secundo genitum…Johannes de Lebreto filium dictæ sororis nostræ tertio genitum…"[302]. He is not named in his father´s 1358 testament so presumably died before that date.

c) JEANNE d´Albret (-1359 or before). m (contract 8 Jul 1350) JEAN JOURDAIN [I] Comte de l´Isle-Jourdain, son of BERTRAND [I] Comte de l´Isle-Jourdain & his wife Isabelle de Levis (-1365).

d) JEAN d´Albret (-[18 Feb 1347/1358]). The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "…dominam Matham de Armaniaco sororem nostrum, uxorem domini de Lebreto…dominum Amaneum de Lebreto militem filium suum primogenitum…dominum Bernardum Ezii de Lebreto militem, filium dictæ sororis nostræ secundo genitum…Johannes de Lebreto filium dictæ sororis nostræ tertio genitum…"[303]. He is not named in his father´s 1358 testament so presumably died before that date.

e) BERARD d´Albret (-after 6 Sep 1392). The testament of "messire Bernardetz sire d´Albret, filz d´Amanieu sire d´Albret et de dame Rouse de Bourg", dated 1358, donates "Gensac et Castelmoron" to "Bérard son second filz"[304]. m (contract 1357) HELENE de Caumont, daughter of ALEXANDRE de Caumont & his wife Blanche de la Mothe. The marriage contract of "Berard d´Albret, fils de Bernard Ezii" and "Helaine de Caumont, fille d´Alexandre de Caumont" is dated 1357, with the consent of "dame Margueritte, sœur dudict de Caumont", recording that "le lieu de Saincte Bazeilhe, de Landerron et de Puch" were her dowry[305]. Bérard & his wife had [two] children:

i) FRANÇOIS d´Albret (-[1440/45]). The testament of "messire Françoys d´Albret seigneur de Saincte Bazeilhe", dated 3 Jn 1427 (O.S.), names "Charles sire d´Albret" as his heir[306]. m (contract 21 May 1405) JEANNE de Roucy, daughter of HUGUES Comte de Roucy & his wife Blanche de Coucy (-after 31 May 1445). The marriage contract of "François d´Albret seigneur de Saincte Bazeilhe" and "damoyselle Jehanne de Roucy" is dated 21 May 1405[307]. A charter dated 1445 records the agreement between "messire Charles sire d´Albret" and "dame Jehanne de Roucy" concerning the succession of "Françoys d´Albret seigneur de Saincte Bazeilhe"[308].

ii) [GERALDE d´Albret (-after 17 Aug 1397). Letters dated 12 Aug 1372 acknowledge the dowry debt from "Mathe d´Armagnac, dame d´Albret et Bérard d´Albret son fils" relating to the marriage of "Bertrand de Lamotte" and "Géralde d´Albret"[309]. The testament of "Guirotte d´Albret, femme à Bertrand de Lamothe seigneur de Bruch", dated 17 Aug 1397, names "Jehan, Bertrand, Gailhardet, Pès, Marye, de la Mothe, ses enfans" as her heirs "Girault son troisième filz"[310]. m BERTRAND de Lamotte, son of ---.]

f) GERARD d´Albret (-after 1358). The testament of "messire Bernardetz sire d´Albret, filz d´Amanieu sire d´Albret et de dame Rouse de Bourg", dated 1358, donates "les seigneuries de Gosse, Seignans, Auribat, Pontons, Born, Mimisan, Herbe Favière et Brassenx" to "Girault son troisième filz"[311].

g) son . The testament of "messire Bernardetz sire d´Albret, filz d´Amanieu sire d´Albret et de dame Rouse de Bourg", dated 1358, names "son quatriesme filz feust evesque d´Acqz"[312].

h) ROSE d´Albret (before Mar 1341-). The marriage contract of "madame Rousse d´Albret" and "messire Jehan captalz de Buchz" is dated Nov 1350 and confirms payment of her dowry by "monsieur Bernard Ezii son père"[313]. The receipt for payment of the dowry of "Rouse d´Albret, femme de Jehan de Grelly captal de Buchz" is dated 12 Feb 1359[314]. m (contract Nov 1350) JEAN [III] de Grailly Captal de Buch, son of JEAN [II] de Grailly Captal de Buch & his wife Blanche de Foix (-1369).

2. GUITARD (-1338). "Bérard et Guitard frères" received various baronies from "Bernard Ezii leur frère aisné, sire d´Albret" 8 Apr 1321[315]. The testament of "dame Rouze de Bourg dame d´Albret" is dated 6 Jun 1326 and bequeathes "la seigneurie de Verteuil" to "messire Guitard d´Albret son fils d´autre marriage" and "les seigneuries de Vayres et de Marcaulx" to "messire Berard d´Albret aussy son fils"[316]. m firstly (contract 21 May 1321) MASCAROSE de Fezensaguet, daughter of GASTON d´Armagnac Vicomte de Fezensaguet & his wife Valpurge de Rodez. The marriage contract of "madame Masquerose fille du visconte de Fezensaguet et Brulles" and "Gitard fils de messire Amanieu sire d´Albret" is dated 21 May 1321[317]. m secondly as her first husband, AGNES de Lomagne, daughter of GERAUD Trenqueléon de Lomagne, chevalier, baron de Moncrabeau et coseigneur de Calignac & his wife ---. She married secondly Barthélemy de Pins Seigneur de Taillebourg.

3. BERARD (-1346). "Bérard et Guitard frères" received various baronies from "Bernard Ezii leur frère aisné, sire d´Albret" 8 Apr 1321[318]. "Amanieu sire d´Albret" disinherited "Bérard son dernier fils" for having collaborated with the English, by codicil dated Sep 1324[319]. The testament of "dame Rouze de Bourg dame d´Albret" is dated 6 Jun 1326 and bequeathes "la seigneurie de Verteuil" to "messire Guitard d´Albret son fils d´autre marriage" and "les seigneuries de Vayres et de Marcaulx" to "messire Berard d´Albret aussy son fils"[320]. Seigneur de Vertheuil. m (contract 1318, 2 Feb 1319) GUIRAUDE de Gironde, daughter of ARNAUD de Gironde & his wife Talese de Caumont. The marriage contract of "dame Guiraude, dame de Gironde" and "messire Berard d´Albret" is dated 1318 and notes that "la seigneurie de Gironde" was her dowry[321]. The testament of "madame Guiraude, dame de Gironde et femme de messire Berard d´Albret", dated 7 Aug 1345, appoints "Arnault son quatrième fils" as her heir because her other children supported the English[322]. Bérard & his wife had eight children:

a) BERARD [II] (-after 24 Dec 1374). Seigneur de Rioms. The testament "du dict Bérard d´Albret" is dated 24 Dec 1374[323]. m (contract Jun 1336, 14 Aug 1345) BRUNISENDE de Grailly, daughter of PIERRE [II] de Grailly & his first wife Assalide de Bordeaux. The marriage contract of "Bernard d´Albret" and "Brunissan de Grelly" is dated Jun 1336[324].

b) AMANIEU d´Albret . m (11 Aug 1345) AMABILLE, daughter of BERNARD d´Escoussins Seigneur de Langoiran & his wife Miramonde de Podensac. The marriage contract of "Amabille fille du seigneur de Langoyran" and "Amanieu d´Albret fils de messire Bérard d´Albret" is dated 11 Aug 1345[325]. Amanieu & his wife had five children:

c) son .

d) ARNAUD d´Albret (-after 7 Aug 1345). The testament of "madame Guiraude, dame de Gironde et femme de messire Berard d´Albret", dated 7 Aug 1345, appoints "Arnault son quatrième fils" as her heir as her other children supported the English[326].

e) ROSE d´Albret (-after May 1401). An arrêt of the parliament of Paris dated May 1401 records that "Jehan Jourdain de Lisle visconte de Lisle" was ordered to pay compensation to "dame Roze d´Albret" in respect of a third part of the succession of "feu Loys de Lisle, fils de la ditte Rouse"[327]. m BERTRAND de l´Isle-Jourdain, son of ---.

f) TALESE d´Albret (-after 1403). The marriage contract of "messire Barthélémy de Piis" and "madame Talèze d´Albret" is dated 3 Mar 1262[328]. The testament of "Claude de Piis, fille de Barthélemy de Piis" is dated 1389 and names "dame Talèze d´Albret sa mère" as her heir[329]. Letters patent of Charles VI King of France dated 1403 to the seneschal of Agenois name "dame Thalèze d´Albret, vefve de Barthélemy de Piis"[330]. m (contract 15 Mar 1363) BARTHELEMY de Pons, son of --- (-1294 or after). The testament of "Barthelemy de Piis seigneur de Monheurt" is dated 1294[331].

4. MATHE (-after 30 Aug 1338). The marriage contract of "Hélye Rudel seigneur de Bergerac, Montignac et du Pont" and "Mathe fille du messire Amanieu d´Albret" is dated 1314 "le jeudy après la feste Sainct Philip et Sainct Jacques"[332]. Vicomtesse de Tartas, Dame de Bergerac. The testament of "Mathe d´Albret, dame de Bergerac, Montignac, Moncucq, Gensac, Miremon et Castelmoron" is dated 30 Aug 1338 and appoints "Bernard Ezii sire d´Albret son frère" as her heir[333]. m firstly ([1309]) ARNAUD RAYMOND de Tartas Vicomte de Tartas (-1312). m secondly (2 May 1314) HELIE RUDEL de Pons Sire de Bergerac (-before 30 Aug 1338).

5. ASSALIDE . The marriage contract of "Assalide d´Albret, fille de messire Amanieu sire d´Albret" and "le visconte de Fronsac" is dated 11 Aug 1323[334]. A charter dated 10 Aug 1324 confirms that "la dite dame Assalide d´Albret" received her dowry from "messire Amanieu son père et…dame Isabeau de Gironde sa mère"[335]. Presumably the reference to her mother "Isabeau de Gironde" is an error, as Rose de Bourg, wife of Amanieu [VII] Sire d´Albret survived her husband as shown by her testament referred to above. m (contract 11 Aug 1323) --- Vicomte de Fronsac, son of ---.

ARNAUD AMANIEU [VIII] d´Albret, son of BERNARD AIZ [V] Sire d´Albret & his second wife Mathe d´Armagnac (-1401). The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "…dominam Matham de Armaniaco sororem nostrum, uxorem domini de Lebreto…dominum Amaneum de Lebreto militem filium suum primogenitum…dominum Bernardum Ezii de Lebreto militem, filium dictæ sororis nostræ secundo genitum…Johannes de Lebreto filium dictæ sororis nostræ tertio genitum…"[336]. Vicomte de Tartas. The testament of "messire Bernardetz sire d´Albret, filz d´Amanieu sire d´Albret et de dame Rouse de Bourg", dated 1358, appoints "messire Amanieu son premier filz" as his heir in the Albret estates[337]. Sire d´Albret.

m (contract 3 May 1368) MARGUERITE de Bourbon, daughter of PIERRE I Duc de Bourbon [Capet] & his wife Isabelle de Valois (-after 4 Jan 1416).

Arnaud Amanieu [VIII] & his wife had three children:

1. CHARLES [I] (-killed in battle Agincourt 25 Oct 1415). Sire d´Albret. m (27 Jan 1400) as her third husband, MARIE de Sully Dame de Sully, Dame de Craon, Ctss de Guines, widow firstly of CHARLES de Berry Comte de Montpensier and secondly of GUY [VI] de La Trémoïlle Comte de Guines, daughter of LOUIS de Sully Sire de Sully & his wife Isabeau de Craon. Charles [I] & his wife had five children:

a) JEANNE d´Albret (1403-1433). A contract dated 12 Jun 1411 records a payment made by "Archambaut comte de Foix" to "sire d´Albret Charles" for the marriage of "madame de Grelly fille dudict d´Albret"[338]. This document is presumably misdated, assuming that it is correct that Jean´s first wife died in 1413. m (betrothed [12 Jun 1411], Feb 1422) as his second wife, JEAN Comte de Foix, son of ARCHAMBAUD de Grailly Captal de Buch & his wife Isabelle Ctss de Foix et de Bigorre (1382-Mazères, Ariège 4 May 1436).

b) CHARLES [II] (1407-1471). Sire d´Albret. Comte de Dreux. m ([1417]) ANNE d´Armagnac, daughter of BERNARD [VII] d´Armagnac Comte de Charolais & his wife Bonne de Berry (1402-). Charles [II] & his wife had seven children:

i) JEAN d´Albret (-3 Jan 1468). Vicomte de Tartas. Sire d´Albret.

- see below.

ii) ARNAUD AMANIEU (-Roussillon 1463). Sire d´Orval. Baron de Lesparre. m (contract 25 Nov 1457) as her second husband, ISABELLE de La Tour, widow of GUILLAUME de Châtillon-Blois Comte de Penthièvre et de Périgord, daughter of BERTRAND [V] de La Tour Comte d´Auvergne et de Boulogne & his wife Jacquette de Peschin. The marriage contract of "Arnaud Amanieu d´Albret seigneur d´Orval" and "damoyselle Isabeau de la Tour" is dated 25 Nov 1457[339]. Arnaud Amanieu & his wife had three children:

(a) JEAN (-10 May 1524). Sire d´Orval. Comte de Rethel. m (15 Apr 1486) CHARLOTTE de Nevers, daughter of JEAN de Nevers Comte de Rethel [Bourgogne-Valois] & his second wife Pauline de Brosse-Bretagne ([1472]-Château de Meillan-en-Berry 23 Aug 1500, bur Château de Meillan-en-Berry). She succeeded in 1491 as Ctss de Rethel. Jean & his wife had three children:

(1) MARIE d´Albret (25 Mar 1491-27 Oct 1549). Ctss de Rethel. m (25 Jan 1504) her first cousin, CHARLES de Cleve Comte de Nevers (-1521).

(2) CHARLOTTE d´Albret . m (1520) ODET de Foix Comte de Comminges (-1528).

(b) FRANÇOISE d´Albret ([1454]-Donzy 20 Mar 1521). m (11 Mar 1480) as his tirad wife, JEAN de Nevers Comte de Nevers et de Rethel, son of PHILIPPE de Bourgogne Comte de Nevers et de Rethel [Bourgogne-Valois] & his second wife Bonne d´Artois (Clamecy 25 Oct 1415-Nevers 25 Sep 1491, bur Nevers).

iii) CHARLES (-beheaded Poitiers 7 Apr 1473). Seigneur de Sainte-Bazeille. m (contract 18 Aug 1472) as her first husband, MARIE d´Astarac, daughter of JEAN [II] Comte d´Astarac & his second wife Jeanne de Courasse. The marriage contract of "Charles d´Albret seigneur de Saincte Bazeilhe" and "dame Marye d´Astarac, fille de Jehan conte d´Astarac" is dated 18 Aug 1472[340]. She married secondly Jean de Savignac Seigneur de Belcastel.

iv) MARIE d´Albret (-after 4 Jan 1485). m (11 Jun 1456) CHARLES de Nevers Comte de Nevers et de Rethel, son of PHILIPPE de Bourgogne Comte de Nevers et de Rethel [Bourgogne-Valois] & his second wife Bonne d´Artois (1414-May 1464, bur Nevers St Cyr).

v) JEANNE d´Albret (-Parthenay [20] Sep 1444). Ctss de Dreux. m (Nerac 29 Aug 1442) as his second wife, ARTHUR de Bretagne Duc de Touraine, Comte de Montfort, son of JEAN V "le Vaillant" Duke of Brittany & his third wife Infanta doña Juana de Navarra (Château Succinio near Vannes 24 Aug 1393-Château Nantes 26 Dec 1458). He succeeded his nephew in 1457 as ARTHUR III "le Justicier" Duke of Brittany, pair de France.

2. MARGUERITE d´Albret . The marriage contract of "Gaston comte de Foix" and "madame Marguerite d´Albret" is dated 19 May 1410[341]. The receipt for the dowry paid by "Gaston de Foix captal de Buchz, viscomtes de Benauges" to "messire Charles d´Albret, conestable de France" for his marriage to "Marguerite d´Albret…sœur du dict d´Albret" is dated 24 Dec 1414[342]. m (contract 19 May 1410) GASTON [IV] de Foix Comte de Longueville, son of ARCHAMBAUD de Grailly Captal de Buch & his wife Isabelle Ctss de Foix et de Bigorre (-after 1455).

JEAN d´Albret, son of CHARLES [II] d´Albret Comte de Dreux & his wife Anne d´Armagnac (-3 Jan 1468). Vicomte de Tartas. Sire d´Albret.

m (before 20 Sep 1447) CATHERINE de Rohan, daughter of ALAIN [IX] Vicomte de Rohan et de Léon Vicomte de Porhoët & his first wife Marguerite de Bretagne (-after 24 Mar 1471).

Jean & his wife had four children:

1. ALAIN (-1522). Sire d´Albret. Comte de Gavre. Comte de Périgord. Comte de Castres. m (Papal dispensation 20 Jan 1462) FRANÇOISE de Blois dite de Bretagne Ctss de Périgord, daughter of GUILLAUME de Blois dit de Bretagne Vicomte de Limoges & his wife ---. The dispensation for the marriage of "messire Allain sire d´Albret" and "dame Francoyse de Bretaigne", despite their 3^o and 4^o consanguinity, is dated 20 Jan 1462[343]. Alain & his wife had seven children:

a) JEAN ([1469]-Pau 14 Jun 1516, bur Lascar). He succeeded in 1484 as don JUAN (III) Joint King of Navarre, by right of his wife. m (Orthez 14 Jul 1484) CATALINA Queen of Navarre, Ctss de Foix et de Bigorre, Vicomtesse de Béarn, daughter of GASTON de Foix Infante de Navarra Principe de Viana & his wife Madeleine de France (1470-Mont-de-Marsan 12 Feb 1517 bur Lescar).

- KINGS of NAVARRE.

b) LOUISE (-21 Sep 1531). Vicomtesse de Limoges. Charles VIII King of France gave permission "au sire d´Albret" to negotiate the marriage of "Louyse d´Albret sa fille" to "le prince de Chimay" by letters dated 1496, their contract of marriage being dated 1495[344]. m (9 Dec 1495) CHARLES de Croy Prince de Chimay (-1527).

c) ISABELLE . m GASTON de Foix Comte de Candale (-1500).

d) CHARLOTTE (-11 Mar 1514). Dame de Chalus. m (10 May 1499) CESARE Borgia Duca d´Urbino (1475-1507).

2. JEANNE LOUISE (-8 Sep 1494). m (1480) JACQUES Sire d´Estouteville (-1489).

Chapter 3. COMTES d'ARMAGNAC

The county of Armagnac was formed in the 960s when it was granted as an appanage to Bernard, younger son of Guillaume Garcia Comte de Fezensac, in the eastern part of the county of Fezensac. The family of the earliest comtes d´Armagnac is set out in Part A. of this chapter. The history of Armagnac outshone that of its parent county, the family of the latter becoming extinct in the male line with the death of Astenove [II] Comte de Fezensac in 1098, after which his daughter and heiress married Gérard [III] Comte d´Armagnac who acquired the Fezensac territory and title. The combined territory of Armagnac and Fezensac covered most of the present-day French département of Gers and the easternmost part of the département de Landes. Its main town was Auch. The male line of Comte Gérard [III] became extinct in the early 13th century when the county passed, through the female line, into the family of the vicomtes de Lomagne. The descendants of Bernard de Lomagne Vicomte de Fezensaguet, whose son Géraud inherited Armagnac from his paternal grandmother´s nephew, are shown in Part B. of this chapter. Part C. of this chapter shows the vicomtes de Corneillan, who appear to have been vassals of the comtes d´Armagnac although this vassal relationship has not been confirmed beyond doubt from the information contained in the primary sources so far consulted during the preparation of the present document.

A. COMTES d'ARMAGNAC (COMTES de FEZENSAC)

BERNARD "le Louche", son of GUILLAUME García de Gascogne Comte de Fezensac & his wife --- (-after 1029). The Codex de Roda names "Regemundus de Fedenzac, et Oton, ac Fridolo, et Bernardo, at domna ---" as the children of "Gilelmo Garsies" and his unnamed wife[345]. The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Ottonem cognomina Fultam et Bernardum Luscum" as children of "Guillelmus-Garsias Consul Fidentiaci", stating that they divided their territories between them, Bernard taking "Armaniacum" and also commenting that Bernard built "Monasterium S. Orientii"[346]. Comte d'Armagnac et d'Aignan [965]. Monlezun names "Othon et Bernard" as the two sons of Guillaume Garcia, specifying that Bernard succeeded his father in "l'occident sous le nom d'Armagnac…[comprenant] les cantons actuels de Riscle, d'Aignan, de Nogaro et de Cazaubon" but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[347]. "Bernardus Luscus" founded the monastery of Saint-Orens at Auch, with the advice of "uxoris suæ Emerinæ", by charter dated to [956][348]. "Oddo comes" donated property to Sainte-Marie d´Auch by charter dated to [960] "regnante tres fratres germanos Oddo comite, Bernardo comite, Fredelone comite"[349].

m ([956] or before) EMERINA, daughter of ---. "Bernardus Luscus" founded the monastery of Saint-Orens at Auch, with the advice of "uxoris suæ Emerinæ", by charter dated to [956][350].

Comte Bernard [I] & his wife had one child:

1. GERAUD [I] "Trencaléon" (-before 29 Jul 1011). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Gerardum Trencaleonem" as son of "Bernardum Luscum"[351]. Comte d'Armagnac. The date of his death is set by the Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis which quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis", with the consent of "eodem Duce [provinciam Vasconiam Sanctione…ducatum]…et Arnaldo Vicecomite et cum coniuge sua eorumque filio Arnaldo, eiusque coniuge Adalias…", donated property to the convent of Condom[352]. m firstly ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly as her first husband, ADELAIS, daughter of ---. Her first and second marriages are confirmed by the charter of her son (by her second marriage) who declares himself "Oddo de Lomania frater Bernardi comitis Armaniacensis" in his donation of property to the monastery of Saint-Mont dated to [1062][353]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[354], she was Adelais de Poitou, daughter of Guillaume V Duke of Aquitaine [Guillaume III Comte de Poitou], but this appears impossible chronologically. Jaurgain states that Adelais must have been the daughter of Duke Guillaume V by his second marriage to Sancha [Brisca] de Gascogne, adding that this is the only way to explain why her son Bernard was accepted as Comte de Gascogne after the death of Eudes Duke of Gascony and Aquitaine who would, if this hypothesis was correct, have been Bernard´s maternal uncle[355]. However, as can be seen in the document AQUITAINE DUKES, the children of this couple must have been born during the period [1011/18], which means that the charter dated 29 Jul 1011 which fixes the timing of the death of Adelais´s first husband and her second marriage must be incorrectly dated by at least twenty if not thirty years. She married secondly (before 29 Jul 1011) Arnaud [II] Vicomte de Lomagne. Her second marriage is confirmed, and its date set, by the Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis which quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo…Præsul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis", with the consent of "eodem Duce [provinciam Vasconiam Sanctione…ducatum]…et Arnaldo Vicecomite et cum coniuge sua eorumque filio Arnaldo, eiusque coniuge Adalias…", donated property to the convent of Condom[356]. Comte Géraud [I] & his first wife had one child:

a) GALDIS . According to Jaurgain, her dowry was the vicomté de Corneillan, but he cites no primary source which confirms her parentage and her marriage[357]. m ([1020]) ADHEMAR de Polastron, son of ---.

Comte Géraud [I] & his second wife had [two] children:

b) BERNARD [II] "Tumpaler" (-before 1090). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Bernardus Tumapaler" as son of "Gerardum Trencaleonem"[358]. Comte d'Armagnac. He was recognised as Comte de Gascogne in 1039 after the death of Eudes Duke of Gascony, Duke of Aquitaine, Comte de Poitou[359]. "Bernardus comes…cognomento Tumapalerius" and "nepote meo Centullo cum uxore mea comitissa…Ermengarda ac filiis meius Geraldo et Arnaldo-Bernardo" founded the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[360]. "B. Tumpaler comes Gasconiæ et vicecomes Aquensis Garsie Arnaud, et Od Guilem vicarius de Salies" donated property to the church of Sainte-Marie de Lescar by charter dated to [end 1061][361]. "Bernardus cognomento Tumapalerius tocius condatus Guasconie comes" and donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont, on the advice of "Geraldus filius meus et frater eius Arnaldus Bernardus, Ademarus vicecomes Polestrensis et filii eius Willelmus Fedacus…Oddo et Fedacus", by charter dated 1062 before 4 Aug[362]. The dating clause of this charter explains that Comte Bernard had sold his rights to Gascony to "duce Guidone duce Pictaviensi Equitaniam et totam Guasconiam regente". According to Jaurgain, after he was defeated by Guillaume VIII Duke of Aquitaine, Comte Bernard abdicated in favour of his two sons, swore his monastic vows at the monastery of Cluny, and returned to Saint-Mont as a monk[363]. m ERMENGARDIS, daughter of ---. "Bernardus comes [et] Ermengardis uxor mea" and their two sons made a joint donation to Cluny dated 1049[364]. "Bernardus comes…cognomento Tumapalerius" and "…uxore mea comitissa…Ermengarda…" founded the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[365]. Comte Bernard [II] & his wife had two children:

i) GERAUD [II] (-end 1095). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Geraldum" as son of "Bernardus Tumapaler"[366]. "Arnaldus et Geraldus filii nostri" and their parents made a joint donation to Cluny dated 1049[367]. Comte d'Armagnac.

- see below.

ii) ARNAUD BERNARD (-[1080]). "Arnaldus et Geraldus filii nostri" and their parents made a joint donation to Cluny dated 1049[368]. "Bernardus comes…cognomento Tumapalerius" and "…filiis meius Geraldo et Arnaldo-Bernardo" founded the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[369]. "Bernardus cognomento Tumapalerius tocius condatus Guasconie comes" and donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont, on the advice of "Geraldus filius meus et frater eius Arnaldus Bernardus…", by charter dated 1062 before 4 Aug[370]. An inventory of churches of the monastery of Saint-Mont includes property donated by "Geraldus filius [Bernardi comitis]" for the soul of "fratris sui Arnoldi Bernardi", dated to [1080][371].

c) [ADELAIS . There is uncertainty about the origin of Adelais, wife of Gaston [III] Vicomte de Béarn. "Bernardus comes…cognomento Tumapalerius" and "nepote meo Centullo …" founded the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[372]. Assuming that nepos should be interpreted in its strict sense, Centule's mother was therefore the sister of Bernard Comte d'Armagnac. However, the unresolved question is whether Adelais was Bernard's full sister or uterine half-sister. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[373], she was Adelais de Lomagne, daughter of Arnaud [II] Vicomte de Lomagne & his wife. Presumably this is extrapolated from the charter dated to [1062] under which "Oddo de Lomania frater Bernardi comitis Armaniacensis" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont[374]. m firstly (1030, maybe separated 1038) GASTON [III] Vicomte de Béarn, son of CENTULE [III] Vicomte de Béarn & his wife --- (- 1054). m secondly as his second wife, ROGER Vicomte de Gabarret, son of ---. [1045]]

GERAUD [II] d'Armagnac, son of BERNARD [II] "Tumpaler" Comte d'Armagnac & his wife Ermengardis --- (-end 1095). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Geraldum" as son of "Bernardus Tumapaler"[375]. "Arnaldus et Geraldus filii nostri" and their parents made a joint donation to Cluny dated 1049[376]. "Bernardus comes…cognomento Tumapalerius" and "…filiis meius Geraldo et Arnaldo-Bernardo" founded the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[377]. "Bernardus cognomento Tumapalerius tocius condatus Guasconie comes" and donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont, on the advice of "Geraldus filius meus et frater eius Arnaldus Bernardus…", by charter dated 1062 before 4 Aug[378]. Comte d'Armagnac. "Geraldus comes filius Bernardi comitis" swore to defend the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated to [1065][379], which implies he was then governing Armagnac in place of his father.

m firstly ([1070]) as her second husband, AZIVELLE de Lomagne, widow of GERAUD [I] Seigneur d'Arbeissan, daughter of ODON [II] Vicomte de Lomagne & his wife --- (-after [1086]). Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 9 Sep 1068 under which "filia Oddonis vicecomitis Lomanie uxor Geraldi Obeissani" confirmed a donation of property to the monastery of Saint-Mont[380]. Her name and second marriage are confirmed by another charter in the same cartulary in which "Azivella filia Oddonis vicecomitis de Lomania" names "Bernardo Tumapalerio socero meo", which is confirmed by "Bernardus filius supradictæ dominæ"[381]. Her second marriage is further confirmed by, and her two sons by her first marriage and her son by her second named in, the charter dated to [1085] which refers to a donation to the monastery of Saint-Mont by "nobilissima quiedam femina Azivera vicecomitis Lomanie Oddonis filia, mater que Bernardi filii Geraldi Armaniaci comitis", on the advice of "eiusdem Bernardi filii sui et Geraldi secundi coniugis et aliorum duorum filiorum Hugonis et Oddonis"[382]. "Domina Azivella matre dompni Bernardi Armaniacensis comitis" made an agreement with the monks of Saint-Mont by charter dated to [1085][383]. It is curious that this charter names Azivelle's son, and not her husband, and that he is accorded the title count although it appears from other sources that his father was still alive at that date.

m secondly SANCHA, widow of FEDAC Vicomte de Corneillan, daughter of ARSIEU Loup co-Seigneur de Bergons, Luppé, Daunian, Lapujolle et Balembits & his wife Rose ---. An inventory of churches of the monastery of Saint-Mont includes details of a serf "in…loco Pujole" donated by "Sancia uxor…Fedacii vicecomitis" on the day her husband died, with the advice of "comitis Geraldi", dated to [1081][384]. "Comes Geroldus cum uxore mea Sazia" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated to [1095][385]. The primary source which confirms that Sancha, widow of Vicomte Fédac, was the same person as Sancha, second wife of Comte Géraud, has not yet been identified. Her parents are named by Jaurgain but he cites no primary source on which this is based[386].

Comte Géraud [II] & his first wife had three children:

1. BERNARD [III] (-after 28 Jul [1110]). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Bernardum" as son of "Geraldum"[387]. "Bernardus filius Geraldi Armaniaci comitis" confirmed donations to the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated to [1090], including those by "avus meus Bernardus tocius Gasconie comes cognomento Tumapelerius"[388]. Comte d'Armagnac. A charter dated to [1100] records an agreement relating to the church of Saint-Martin de Bergons which names "Bernardus Armaniacensis comes cum uxore mea et filio meo Geraldo puero"[389]. "Bernardus vicecomes" renounced a tax on La Réole before the court of Gascony, before "Astanova comite…de Fedenzac, ac Bernardo de Armanac, necnon Gastone vicecomite de Bearn, et Lupo Anario de Marzan, et Bibiano de Lomonie, et Petro, domino de Gavarred…", by charter dated 1103[390]. "Bernardus comes Armeniacensis…cum coniuge mea N Alpasia atque filiis meis Giraldo atque Ottone" donated property to Sainte-Marie d´Auch by charter dated 28 Jul [1110], in the presence of "Guiraldo eiusdem comitis frater"[391]. m ([1095] or before) ALPAIS de Turenne, daughter of BOSON Vicomte de Turenne & his wife Gerberge ---. Her marriage date is established by the charter dated to [1095] under which "Bernardus iuvenis Armaniacensis comes" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont, on the advice of "uxoris mea", although she is unnamed in the document[392]. A charter dated 1104 records a judicial combat presided over by "comitisse Armaniacensis et filii eius Geraudi ad huc pueri"[393]. The cartulary of Tulle St Martin records a donation by "Alpaiz uxor comiti d'Ermaniaco…filia Bosonis vicecomitis Torennensis" dated Mar [1113][394]. Comte Bernard [III] & his wife had four children:

a) GERAUD [III] (-1160). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Geraldus" as son of "Bernardum"[395]. A charter dated to [1100] records an agreement relating to the church of Saint-Martin de Bergons which names "Bernardus Armaniacensis comes cum uxore mea et filio meo Geraldo puero"[396]. A charter dated 1104 records a judicial combat presided over by "comitisse Armaniacensis et filii eius Geraudi ad huc pueri"[397]. "Bernardus comes Armeniacensis…cum coniuge mea N Alpasia atque filiis meis Giraldo atque Ottone" donated property to Sainte-Marie d´Auch by charter dated 28 Jul [1110], in the presence of "Guiraldo eiusdem comitis frater"[398]. Comte d'Armagnac. m (before Dec 1119) as her second husband, AZELMA de Fezensac, widow of BERNARD [III] Comte de Bigorre, daughter of ASTANOVE [II] Comte de Fezensac & his wife --- ([1090]-before 1160). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "filiam…Adalmur" as the child of "Astam-Novam", specifying that she was the mother of "Benetricis" who was childless[399]. The primary source which confirms the identity of her first husband has not yet been identified. "Geraldus comes Armaniacensis…cum filio suo primogenito Bernardo" confirmed a donation to Sainte-Marie d´Auch after the death of "istius comitisse…et filie eius Benetricis", desiring "consulatum Fezenciaci", by undated charter[400]. This is the only charter cited by Jaurgain which supposedly confirms Azelma´s second marriage[401]. However, it is a curious document. The wording implies that Comte Géraud confirmed Azelma´s donation because he desired her county, although the confirmation was made after she died. If he had married her, however, he would presumably automatically have been entitled to Fezensac and the stated purpose behind the confirmation would have been pointless. Another factor is that Géraud´s son Bernard is described in the document only as his son not hers. Comte Géraud [III] & his wife had two children:

i) MASCAROSE . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Bernardus d´Armaniac vicecomes de Fezensagued" donated property to Gimont, for the soul of "matris suæ Na Mascarosa", by charter dated 1188[402]. m ([1150]) OTHON [I] de Lomagne Seigneur de Firmaçon, son of OTHON [IV] Vicomte de Lomagne & his wife ---. 1182.

ii) BERNARD [IV] (-1193). "Geraldus comes Armaniacensis…cum filio suo primogenito Bernardo" confirmed a donation to Sainte-Marie d´Auch after the death of "istius comitisse…et filie eius Benetricis", desiring "consulatum Fezenciaci", by undated charter[403]. Comte d'Armagnac. A charter dated 7 Apr 1189 records that "B. Armaniacensis, comes Fezensiacensi et Armaniaci, et G. filius eius" donated property to the hospital of Serregrand[404]. m ([1150]) ETIENNETTE, daughter of --- (-bur Sainte-Marie de Carrizo). Her marriage is confirmed by the undated document which records that her daughter "Maria virgo ex Regio sanguine sata, filia…domine Stephaniæ, Armigniaci comitissæ" became a nun at the convent of Sainte-Marie de Carrizo, which also states that mother and daughter were buried together in the monastery[405]. Comte Bernard [IV] & his wife had two children:

(a) GERAUD [IV] "Trencaléon" (-before 8 Jun 1215). A charter dated 7 Apr 1189 records that "B. Armaniacensis, comes Fezensiacensi et Armaniaci, et G. filius eius" donated property to the hospital of Serregrand[406]. Comte d'Armagnac. "Dompnus Geraldus Armaniacensis comes et Odo Leomanie eius consanguineus" witnessed the peace treaty dated 4 Jun 1204 between Vézian [II] Vicomte de Lomagne and the community of Toulouse[407].

(b) MARIE (-bur Sainte-Marie de Carrizo). An undated document records that "Maria virgo ex Regio sanguine sata, filia…domine Stephaniæ, Armigniaci comitissæ" became a nun at the convent of Sainte-Marie de Carrizo and that mother and daughter were buried together in the monastery[408].

b) OTHON . "Bernardus comes Armeniacensis…cum coniuge mea N Alpasia atque filiis meis Giraldo atque Ottone" donated property to Sainte-Marie d´Auch by charter dated 28 Jul [1110], in the presence of "Guiraldo eiusdem comitis frater"[409].

c) daughter . Bernard´s two unnamed daughters are referred to by Jaurgain but he does not quote the primary source which records them[410].

d) daughter . Bernard´s two unnamed daughters are referred to by Jaurgain but he does not quote the primary source which records them[411].

2. GERAUD . "Bernardus comes Armeniacensis…cum coniuge mea N Alpasia atque filiis meis Giraldo atque Ottone" donated property to Sainte-Marie d´Auch by charter dated 28 Jul [1110], in the presence of "Guiraldo eiusdem comitis frater"[412]. Canon at Auch Sainte-Marie [1110].

3. GUILLAUME (before 12 Apr 1080-). "Geraldus comes" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated 12 Apr 1080, which refers to the baptism of "Geraldi comitis filium…Willelmus…filiolum Philippo regnante comite Willelmo presule"[413].

B. COMTES d'ARMAGNAC (LOMAGNE)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

BERNARD de Lomagne, son of OTHON [I] de Lomagne Seigneur de Firmaçon & his wife Mascarose d'Armagnac (-[1188/Mar 1193]). "Otho de Lomania et nos filii eius Bernardus de Armaiaco et Otho de Lomannia" granted right of passage over their land to the abbey of Grandselve by charter dated 8 Jun 1182[414]. He was adopted by his maternal uncle Bernard [IV] Comte d'Armagnac[415]. Vicomte de Fezensaguet 1184. "Bernardus d´Armaniac vicecomes de Fezensagued" donated property to Gimont, for the soul of "matris suæ Na Mascarosa", by charter dated 1188[416].

m GERALDESSE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Nov 1229 under which her son "Odo de Armaniaco filius Bernardus de Armaniaco et dominæ Geraldessæ" donated property to the abbey of Grandselve[417]. According to Jaurgain, Géraldesse was the daughter of Roger Bernard [I] Comte de Foix. He cites six different documents which demonstrate close connections between the Armagnac/Lomagne and Foix families[418]. However, the parentage of Géraldesse cannot be the only explanation for this connection. It should also be noted the names Géraldesse and Géraud are not found at all in the family of the comtes de Foix.

Bernard & his wife had four children:

1. BERNARD [II] (-[1200]). "Bernardus de Armanac dictus filius Bernardi de Armanac" exempted the abbey of Grandselve from taxes by charter dated Mar 1193[419]. Vicomte de Fezensaguet.

2. GERAUD [V] (-30 Sep 1219). Vicomte de Fezensaguet. He succeeded his father´s maternal first cousin as Comte d'Armagnac et de Fezensac in [1204/15]. "Girardus comes Fezenciaci et Armeniaci" swore homage to "domino Symone comite Montisfortis" for the counties of Fezensac and Armagnac and the vicomté of Fezensaguet by charter dated 8 Jun 1216[420]. "Giraldus comes Armaniaci et Fezenciaci, Rogerius frater eius..." swore allegiance to "D. Simoni duci Narbonæ, comiti Tolosæ ac vicecomiti Biterrensi" by charter dated 19 Dec 1217[421]. The necrology of Case-Dieu records the death "pridie Kal Sep" in 1219 of "Geraldi comitis Armaniaci"[422]. m ---. The name of Géraud's wife is not known. Géraud [V] & his wife had three children:

a) PIERRE GERAUD (-before 1242). Comte d'Armagnac et de Fezensac.

b) BERNARD [V] (-[22 Jul 1245/25 Mar 1246]). Comte d'Armagnac et de Fezensac. m [INES [de Aragón], daughter of ---.]

c) MASCAROSE (-before 25 Mar 1246). Her daughter Mascarose succeeded as Ctss d'Armagnac on the death of her brother but died before 15 Sep 1254 without heirs. m as his first wife, ARNAUD [III] Odon Vicomte de Lomagne et d'Auvillars, son of ODON [V] Vicomte de Lomagne et d'Auvillars & his wife --- (-[1264/18 Apr 1267]).

3. ARNAUD BERNARD (-1222 or after).

4. ODON . "Odo de Armaniaco filius Bernardus de Armaniaco et dominæ Geraldessæ" donated property to the abbey of Grandselve by charter dated Nov 1229[423].

5. ROGER (-before 22 Mar 1245). Vicomte de Fezensaguet. "Giraldus comes Armaniaci et Fezenciaci, Rogerius frater eius..." swore allegiance to "D. Simoni duci Narbonæ, comiti Tolosæ ac vicecomiti Biterrensi" by charter dated 19 Dec 1217[424]. m PUCELLE d'Albret, daughter of AMANIEU [IV] Sire d'Albret & his wife Almodis d'Angoulême (-after 1243). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Roger & his wife had four children:

a) GERAUD [VI] (-1280). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 22 Mar 1245 under which Géraud Comte d´Armagnac confirmed rights of pasturage granted to the abbey of Grandselve by his father Roger d´Armagnac[425]. Vicomte de Fezensaguet. Comte d'Armagnac et de Fezensac 1254.

- see below.

b) ROGER (-killed in battle [1274]). His possible descendants, Seigneurs de Termes, are set out in Europäische Stammtafeln[426].

c) AMANIEU (after 1230-11 Mar 1318). Bishop of Bayonne. Archbishop of Auch 1261. A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, donated property for the souls of "…domini Amaneni de Armaignaco archiepiscopi Auxitani et domini Rogerii de Armaigniaco episcopi Laudoneni, paternorum nostrorum quondam…"[427].

d) ARNAUD BERNARD (-killed in battle 1272). Monk at Gimont 1242. m (1263) VERONIQUE de la Barthe, daughter and heiress of ARNAUD GUILLAUME [II] Vicomte de la Barthe, d'Aure et de Magnoac & his wife ---.

GERAUD [VI] d'Armagnac, son of ROGER d'Armagnac Vicomte de Fezensaguet & his wife Pucelle d'Albret (-1280). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 22 Mar 1245 under which Géraud Comte d´Armagnac confirmed rights of pasturage granted to the abbey of Grandselve by his father Roger d´Armagnac[428]. Vicomte de Fezensaguet. Comte d'Armagnac et de Fezensac 1254. "Geraldus…comes Armaniaci et Fezenciaci vicecomes Fezensaguelli" confirmed donations to Grandselve by "nobiles viri…dominus Bernardus de Armanhaco, dictus filius Bernardi de Armanhaco, et dominus Bernardus comes de Armanhaco quondam, et dominus Geraldus comes de Armanhaco et Fezensaco qui fuit, et dominus Rogerius de Armanhaco filius quondam Bernardi et qua ipse Geraldus filius domini Rogerii" by charter dated 7 Nov 1267[429]. A mansucript chronicle records the death in 1280 of "Geraldus comes d´Armagnac"[430].

m MATHE de Béarn, daughter of GASTON [VI] Vicomte de Béarn & his first wife Mathe de Marsan [Bigorre] ([1245/55]-after 1317). Heiress of Gebardan, Eauzan and Brulbrois-en-partie. The testament of “Bernardus...comes Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” is dated 18 May 1302, names “...Geraldi quondam patris nostri comitis...dominæ Siachæ [presumably mistranscription for Mathæ] comitissa Armeniaci et Fesenciaci matri nostræ”[431].

Géraud [VI] & his wife had six children:

1. BERNARD [VI] (-1319, bur Auch Sainte-Marie). His parentage is confirmed by a second testament of his son "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, which donates property for the souls of "…domini Bernardi quondam Armaignaci comitis, genitoris nostri, et domini Geraldi, patris, avi nostri paterni"[432]. Comte d'Armagnac. Sire d'Albret, by right of his first wife. “Bernardo...comiti Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” granted “castrum et villam de Castro Gelosio...de Veiriaco” to “Gasto de Armaniaco vicecomes Fesensaquelli et Rogerius frater suus...fratres prædicti”, by charter dated 8 Oct 1294[433].

- see below.

2. GASTON (-1319). "Dominæ Mathæ…Armaniaci et Fezensiaci comitissæ" requested the emancipation of "Gastonis vicecomitis Fezensaguetti filiique dictæ dominæ comitissæ et…Guiraudi…Armaniaci et Fezensiaci comitis" by charter dated 8 Jan 1294[434]. Vicomte de Fezensaguet. The testament of “Isabellis domina de Lebreto comitissa Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” is dated 1 Oct 1294, and names “...Gastoni vicecomiti Fesensaquelli...sororiis meis”[435]. “Bernardo...comiti Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” granted “castrum et villam de Castro Gelosio...de Veiriaco” to “Gasto de Armaniaco vicecomes Fesensaquelli et Rogerius frater suus...fratres prædicti”, by charter dated 8 Oct 1294[436]. The testament of “Bernardus...comes Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” is dated 18 May 1302, names “Gastonem, Rogerium, Marquam et Mascarosinam fratres et sorores nostros...Geraldo de Labbatus nepoti nostro et primogenito dictæ Mascarosæ sororis nostræ...Geraldi quondam patris nostri comitis...dominæ Siachæ comitissa Armeniaci et Fesenciaci matri nostræ”[437]. m (1298) VALPURGE de Rodez, daughter of HENRI [II] Comte de Rodez & his second wife Mascarose de Comminges.

- VICOMTES de FEZENZAGUET[438]. The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "…Johannem d´Armaniaco vicecomitem Fesensaguelli, Brulhesii et Creyselli et dominum baroniæ Rocafolio, filium consanguinei nostri germani…"[439].

3. ROGER (-1339). The testament of “Isabellis domina de Lebreto comitissa Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” is dated 1 Oct 1294, and names “Rotgerium de Armaniaco sororium meum” as her heir “in castris de Casa-nova, de Lebreto”[440]. “Bernardo...comiti Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” granted “castrum et villam de Castro Gelosio...de Veiriaco” to “Gasto de Armaniaco vicecomes Fesensaquelli et Rogerius frater suus...fratres prædicti”, by charter dated 8 Oct 1294[441]. The testament of “Bernardus...comes Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” is dated 18 May 1302, names “Gastonem, Rogerium, Marquam et Mascarosinam fratres et sorores nostros...Geraldo de Labbatus nepoti nostro et primogenito dictæ Mascarosæ sororis nostræ...Geraldi quondam patris nostri comitis...dominæ Siachæ comitissa Armeniaci et Fesenciaci matri nostræ”[442]. Bishop of Lavaur 1317. Archbishop of Auch 1318. Bishop of Laon, Pair de France 1336. A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, donates property for the souls of "…domini Amaneni de Armaignaco archiepiscopi Auxitani et domini Rogerii de Armaigniaco episcopi Laudoneni, paternorum nostrorum quondam…"[443].

4. [PUCELLE (-[1298/18 May 1302]). The letter of Pope Boniface VIII granted dispensation 2 May 1296 for the marriage between "Helye Thalayrandi comiti Petragoricensis et vicecomes Leomaniæ et Altivillari" and "Puelle, nate quondam Geraldi comitis Armaniaci, uxor eius" despite 3^o consanguinity[444]. “Puelle” could either be this daughter´s name (presumably named after her paternal grandmother) or simply "young girl". In the latter case, this daughter could have been the same person as the daughter named Marqua in her father´s testament dated 18 May 1302. If Pucelle was a different daughter, she must have died before her father´s testament in which she is not named. Betrothed ([1295], contract broken before 1298) to HELIE [IX] TALAIRAND Comte de Périgord, son of ARCHAMBAUD [III] Comte de Périgord & his first wife --- ([1258/62]-1315).]

5. MARQUA . The testament of “Bernardus...comes Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” is dated 18 May 1302, names “Gastonem, Rogerium, Marquam et Mascarosinam fratres et sorores nostros...Geraldo de Labbatus nepoti nostro et primogenito dictæ Mascarosæ sororis nostræ...Geraldi quondam patris nostri comitis...dominæ Siachæ comitissa Armeniaci et Fesenciaci matri nostræ”[445]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m as his first wife, BERNARD [VIII] de Comminges, son of BERNARD [VII] Comte de Comminges & his wife Laure de Montfort (-after 26 Aug 1336). He succeeded his father in 1312 as Comte de Comminges.

6. MASCAROSE . The testament of “Bernardus...comes Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” is dated 18 May 1302, names “Gastonem, Rogerium, Marquam et Mascarosinam fratres et sorores nostros...Geraldo de Labbatus nepoti nostro et primogenito dictæ Mascarosæ sororis nostræ...Geraldi quondam patris nostri comitis...dominæ Siachæ comitissa Armeniaci et Fesenciaci matri nostræ”[446]. m BERNARD de Lomagne Seigneur de Firmaçon (-after 19 Jun 1337).

BERNARD [VI] d´Armagnac, son of GERAUD [VI] Comte d´Armagnac & his wife Mathe de Béarn (-1319, bur Auch Sainte-Marie). His parentage is confirmed by a second testament of his son "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, which donates property for the souls of "…domini Bernardi quondam Armaignaci comitis, genitoris nostri, et domini Geraldi, patris, avi nostri paterni"[447]. Comte d'Armagnac. Sire d'Albret, by right of his first wife. "Bernardus…comes Armaniaci et Fezensiaci" confirmed the privileges of the county of Fezensac, granted by "domino Geraldo de Armenaico…genitori suo", by charter dated 22 Feb 1286, signed by "dominæ matris…Mathæ…comitissæ Armaniaci et Fezensiaci"[448]. “Bernardo...comiti Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” granted “castrum et villam de Castro Gelosio...de Veiriaco” to “Gasto de Armaniaco vicecomes Fesensaquelli et Rogerius frater suus...fratres prædicti”, by charter dated 8 Oct 1294[449]. The testament of “Bernardus...comes Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” is dated 18 May 1302, names “domina Cecilia uxor nostra", her child to be born, "...[et] Henricum comitem Ruthehæ, patrem dictam dominæ uxoris nostræ” and “Gastonem, Rogerium, Marquam et Mascarosinam fratres et sorores nostros...Geraldo de Labbatus nepoti nostro et primogenito dictæ Mascarosæ sororis nostræ...Geraldi quondam patris nostri comitis...dominæ Siachæ comitissa Armeniaci et Fesenciaci matri nostræ”[450]. His place of burial is confirmed by a second testament of his son "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, which elects burial "in ecclesia cathedrali beate Marie Auxitani" next to his father[451].

m firstly ISABELLE Dame d'Albret, daughter of BERNARD AIZ [IV] Sire d'Albret & his wife Jeanne de Lusignan (-1 Dec 1294, bur Auch Cathedral). The testament of “Isabellis domina de Lebreto comitissa Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” is dated 1 Oct 1294, names “dominam Johannam de la Marcha matrem meam” as her heir “in castro meo de Alhais diocesis Vasatensis”, chooses her burial “in ecclesia cathedrali B. Mariæ Auxis in sepultura sororis meæ quondam”, appoints “Rotgerium de Armaniaco sororium meum” as her heir “in castris de Casa-nova, de Lebreto” and names “domino Bernardo comiti Armaniaci et Fesenciaci marito meo...Gastoni vicecomiti Fesensaquelli...sororiis meis”[452].

m secondly (1298) CECILE de Rodez, daughter of HENRI [II] Comte de Rodez & his second wife Mascarose de Comminges ([1272]-1313). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the testament of “Bernardus...comes Armaniaci et Fesenciaci”, dated 18 May 1302, which names “domina Cecilia uxor nostra...[et] Henricum comitem Ruthehæ, patrem dictam dominæ uxoris nostræ”[453]. Ctss de Rodez. The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names "quondam bonæ memoriæ domini Henrici comitis Ruthenæ avi nostri…dominæ Mascariosæ eius uxoris, aut nostræ…dominæ Ceciliæ comitissæ Ruthenæ matris nostræ"[454].

Bernard [VI] & his second wife had three children:

1. MATHE d´Armagnac ([mid-late 1302]-1364). The testament of “Bernardus...comes Armaniaci et Fesenciaci”, dated 18 May 1302, names “domina Cecilia uxor nostra" and her child to be born[455]. It is possible that this child was Mathe. The marriage contract of "Mathe sœur du comte d´Armagnac" and "Bernard Ezii fils de Amanieu sire d´Albret" is dated 21 May 1321[456]. The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "filii nostri Johannis primogeniti…Bernardum filium nostrum secundo genitum…Johannam filiam nostrum…dominam Matham de Armaniaco sororem nostrum, uxorem domini de Lebreto…dominum Amaneum de Lebreto militem filium suum primogenitum…dominum Bernardum Ezii de Lebreto militem, filium dictæ sororis nostræ secundo genitum…Johannes de Lebreto filium dictæ sororis nostræ tertio genitum…"[457]. m ([1321]) as his second wife, BERNARD AIZ [V] d´Albret, son of AMANIEU [VII] Sire d´Albret & his wife Rose de Bourg (-[1357/59]).

2. JEAN [I] (before 6 May 1306-after 5 Apr 1373, bur Auch Sainte-Marie). "Le comte d´Armagnac et son fils" confirmed that the king of France was their suzerain by charter dated 6 May 1306[458]. Comte d'Armagnac. The first testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, bequeathes property for the soul of "Reginæ de Gutto…vicecomitissæ Leomaniæ, primæ…uxoris quondam nostræ, et domini Bertrandi", names "Beatrix de Claromonte uxor nostra", names as his heirs, in turn, "filii nostri Johannis primogeniti…Bernardum filium nostrum secundo genitum…Johannam filiam nostrum…dominam Matham de Armaniaco sororem nostrum, uxorem domini de Lebreto…dominum Amaneum de Lebreto militem filium suum primogenitum…dominum Bernardum Ezii de Lebreto militem, filium dictæ sororis nostræ secundo genitum…Johannes de Lebreto filium dictæ sororis nostræ tertio genitum…Johannem d´Armaniaco vicecomitem Fesensaguelli, Brulhesii et Creyselli et dominum baroniæ Rocafolio, filium consanguinei nostri germani…dominum Gerardum de Bartha militem, dominum vallis Auræ et castri novi Manhoaci, consanguineum nostrum germanium…Rogerium de Bartha consanguineum nostrum germanium, fratri dicti Gerardi", bequeathes property to "domino Reginaldo de Ponte militi consanguineo nostro, vicecomiti Carletensi…domino Almarico de Narbone militi, domino de Talayrano, consanguineo nostro…domino Bertrando domino de Turre, militi, consanguineo nostro", names "quondam bonæ memoriæ domini Henrici comitis Ruthenæ avi nostri…dominæ Mascariosæ eius uxoris, aut nostræ…dominæ Ceciliæ comitissæ Ruthenæ matris nostræ", and appoints "dominum Johannem de Convenis episcopum Portuensem…cardinalem…advunculum nostrum…dominum Arnaldum Guillelmi de Barta episcopum Lectorensem consanguineum nostrum…dominum Raymundum de Cardalhaco, archidiaconum de Perdalhano in ecclesia Auxitanensi, consanguineum nostrum" among his executors[459]. A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, elects burial "in ecclesia cathedrali beate Marie Auxitani" next to his father, donates property for the souls of "…domini Amaneni de Armaignaco archiepiscopi Auxitani et domini Rogerii de Armaigniaco episcopi Laudoneni, paternorum nostrorum quondam, et Regine de Gutto quondam uxoris nostre…domini Bertrandi de Guto quondam vicecomitis Leomaniæ et Altivillaris, patris ipsius Regine…domini Henrici bone memorie comitis Ruthene avi nostri…domini Bernardi quondam Armaignaci comitis, genitoris nostri, et domini Geraldi, patris, avi nostri paterni", names "filiam nostrum Johannam de Petragorum consortem Johannis filii et heredis nostri…nepotis nostri domini Arnaldi Guillermi comitis Pardiaci…Johanne…filie nostre…uxorique domini ducis de Beriui et Alvernie…Mathe filie nostre…ducisse Gerunde, uxorique…principis domini Johannis, ducis Gerunde, primogeniti domini regis Aragonie", appoints "Johannem filium nostrum…Johanus eius primogenito nepote nostro…Bernardeum de Armaignaco nepotem nostrum, secundo genitum dicti filii nostri heredem" as his heirs[460]. m firstly (before 10 May 1324) REGINE de Goth Vicomtesse de Lomagne, daughter of BERTRAND de Goth Vicomte de Lomagne et de Auvillars & his wife Beatrix de Lautrec Vicomtesse de Lautrec (-Château de Lavardins [12 Aug/1 Sep]). The date of her marriage is indicated by the testament of Bertrand de Goth dated 10 May 1324 which indicates that his daughter was comtesse d´Armagnac[461]. "Regina de Gutto comitissa Armaniaci Fesenciaci et Ruthenensis vicecomitissaque Leomaniæ et Altavillaris", under her testament dated 12 Aug 1325, appointed "dominæ Beatrici vice-comitissæ Lautricensi matri suæ…Rogerio de Armaniaco et Domino Amanevo de Lebreto" as her executors, appoints "dominum Joannem comitem Armaniaci, Fesenciaci et Ruthenæ virum suum" as her heir, substituting "Arnaldum Bernardi de Preyssaco militem dictum Soldanum, Amanevum et Bertrandum de Mota fratres, Aymericum de Duroforti dominum de --- …Reginam de Gutto uxorem nobilis Amanevi de Pinibus…et Braydam vicecomitissam Bruniquelli, necnon et Indiam uxorem domini de Monteferrando…Marquesiæ de Sevinhaco uxori Othonis domini de Montealto" in case her husband died childless[462]. The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, bequeathes property for the soul of "Reginæ de Gutto…vicecomitissæ Leomaniæ, primæ…uxoris quondam nostræ, et domini Bertrandi"[463]. A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, donates property for the souls of "…Regine de Gutto quondam uxoris nostre…domini Bertrandi de Guto quondam vicecomitis Leomaniæ et Altivillaris, patris ipsius Regine…"[464]. m secondly (contract May 1327, before 2 Jun 1327) BEATRIX de Clermont Dame de Charolais, daughter of JEAN de Clermont Baron de Charolais & his wife Jeanne de Dargies Dame de Dargies et de Catheux (-1364 [465] or after, bur Rodez, couvent des Cordeliers). A letter of Charles IV King of France dated May 1327 records the contract of marriage between "Jehan comte d´Armagnac et de Rodéz" and "nostre chere cousine demoiselle Béatrix de Clermont"[466]. The date of the marriage is ascertained more precisely by the letter dated 2 Jun 1327 from "Loys comte de Clermont seigneur de Bourbon et chambrier de France" to the "bailiff de Charolais" instructing all the nobles of Charolais to swear homage to "nostre…neveu le comte d´Armignac" following his marriage to "nostre…niece"[467]. The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names "Beatrix de Claromonte uxor nostra"[468]. The testament of "domina Beatrix de Clermont, comitissa Armaniaci, dominaque Charrolesio, uxor…domini Johannes comitis Armaniaci", dated 20 Aug 1361, names "Johannem de Armaniaco filium nostrum…", appoints "filiam nostrum Johannam, Bituriæ et Alverniæ ducessam ac…dominos Johannem de Francia, Bituriæ et Alverniæ necnon et Burgendie et Borboni duces, et comitem Pardiaci…"[469]. She is not named in a second testament of her husband dated 5 Apr 1373, which donates extensive property for the soul of his first wife[470]. Jean [I] & his wife had four children:

a) JEAN [II] ([1333]-26 May 1384). The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "filii nostri Johannis primogeniti…Bernardum filium nostrum secundo genitum…Johannam filiam nostrum…"[471]. The testament of "domina Beatrix de Clermont, comitissa Armaniaci, dominaque Charrolesio, uxor…domini Johannes comitis Armaniaci", dated 20 Aug 1361, names "Johannem de Armaniaco filium nostrum…"[472]. A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, appoints "Johannem filium nostrum…Johanus eius primogenito nepote nostro…Bernardeum de Armaignaco nepotem nostrum, secundo genitum dicti filii nostri heredem" as his heirs[473]. Comte d'Armagnac. Comte de Fézensac. Comte de Rodez. m (1359) JEANNE de Périgord, daughter of ROGER BERNARD Comte de Périgord & his wife Eléonore de Vendôme (-after 7 May 1366). Jean [I] Comte d'Armagnac acknowledged receipt of 15,000 florins from Roger-Bernard Comte de Périgord, which was the dowry of Jeanne de Périgord, wife of Jean son of the comte d'Armagnac[474]. Jeanne de Périgord, comtesse d'Armagnac recognised a debt of 1,000 florins by a document dated 7 May 1366[475]. A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, names "filiam nostrum Johannam de Petragorum consortem Johannis filii et heredis nostri…"[476]. Jean [II] & his wife had three children:

i) JEAN [III] d’Armagnac ([1359]-25 Jul 1391). A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, appoints "Johannem filium nostrum…Johanus eius primogenito nepote nostro…Bernardeum de Armaignaco nepotem nostrum, secundo genitum dicti filii nostri heredem" as his heirs[477]. Comte d'Armagnac. m MARGUERITE Ctss de Comminges, daughter of --- (1363-1443). She married secondly (contract 8 Oct 1392) Jean d´Armagnac. A charter dated 8 Oct 1392 records the procuration from "domina Margaritta relicta…domini Joannis quondam comitis Armaniaci…Convenarum comitssa" to negotiate her marriage to "Joanne de Armaniaco filio…domini Geraldi de Armaniaco comitis Pardiaci…et…dominæ Annæ de Montelugduno eius consortis"[478]. Jean [III] & his wife had two children:

(a) JEANNE d´Armagnac . m (1409) GUILLAUME AMANIEU de Madaillon Seigneur de Lesparre (1375-1414).

(b) MARGUERITE d’Armagnac . m firstly GUILLAUME [II] Vicomte de Narbonne, son of GUILLAUME [I] Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Guérine de Beaufort-Canillac (-killed in battle Verneuil 1423). m secondly ---.

ii) BERNARD [VII] d’Armagnac (1364-murdered Paris 12 Jun 1418). A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, appoints "Johannem filium nostrum…Johanus eius primogenito nepote nostro…Bernardeum de Armaignaco nepotem nostrum, secundo genitum dicti filii nostri heredem" as his heirs[479]. Comte d'Armagnac.

- see below.

iii) BEATRIX d'Armagnac . A treaty of peace between “monsenhor Johan…comte d´Armagnac, de Fezensac, et Johan d´Armagnac son fils…comte de Comenge” and “mossen Gaston…comte de Foix, et Gaston son filh” is dated 20 Mar 1378 and 1379, names “Margaride comtesse de Comenge” wife of the former, and provides for the marriage between “Beatrix filhe d´eudit mossenhor d´Armagnac…et lo dessusdit Gaston filh d´eudit mossenhor de Foix”[480]. m firstly (Betrothed 20 Mar 1378, 1379) GASTON de Béarn, son of GASTON [III] "Fébus" Comte de Foix & his wife Infanta doña Inés de Navarra ([1365]-[1381]). m secondly (27 Jan 1382) CARLO Visconti Signore di Parma, son of BERNABÒ Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Beatrice "Regina" della Scala of Verona (Sep 1359-Aug 1403).

b) BERNARD (-after 18 Feb 1347). The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "filii nostri Johannis primogeniti…Bernardum filium nostrum secundo genitum…Johannam filiam nostrum…"[481].

c) JEANNE d'Armagnac ([1346]-Mar 1387). The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "filii nostri Johannis primogeniti…Bernardum filium nostrum secundo genitum…Johannam filiam nostrum…"[482]. The testament of "domina Beatrix de Clermont, comitissa Armaniaci, dominaque Charrolesio, uxor…domini Johannes comitis Armaniaci", dated 20 Aug 1361, appoints "filiam nostrum Johannam, Bituriæ et Alverniæ ducessam ac…dominos Johannem de Francia, Bituriæ et Alverniæ necnon et Burgendie et Borboni duces, et comitem Pardiaci…"[483]. A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, names "…Johanne…filie nostre…uxorique domini ducis de Beriui et Alvernie…"[484]. m (contract Carcassonne, Aude 24 Jun 1360, Rodez, Aveyron 17 Oct 1360) as his first wife, JEAN de France Duc de Berry, son of JEAN II "le Bon" King of France & his first wife Bonne de Luxembourg (Château du Bois de Vincennes 30 Nov 1340-Paris, Hôtel de Nesle 15 Jun 1416, bur Bourges Sainte-Chapelle).

d) MATHE d´Armagnac (alter 18 Feb 1347-Zaragoza 23 Oct 1378). She is not named in the testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, so must have been born subsequently[485]. A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, names "…Mathe filie nostre…ducisse Gerunde, uxorique…principis domini Johannis, ducis Gerunde, primogeniti domini regis Aragonie"[486]. m ([Barcelona[487]] 24 Jun 1373) as his second wife, Infante don JUAN de Aragón Duque de Gerona, son of don PEDRO IV "el Ceremonioso" King of Aragon & his third wife Eleonora of Sicily [Aragon] (Perpignan 27 Dec 1350-Foixa 19 May 1396). He succeeded his father in 1387 as JUAN I "el Cazador" King of Aragon and Valencia, Conde de Barcelona.

3. ISABEAU d´Armagnac (-before 18 Feb 1347). Dame de Beras. She is not named in the testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, so must have been died before then[488].

BERNARD [VII] d´Armagnac, son of JEAN [II] Comte d'Armagnac & his wife Jeanne de Périgord (1364-murdered Paris 12 Jun 1418). A second testament of "Johannes…comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomaniæ et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, appoints "Johannem filium nostrum…Johanus eius primogenito nepote nostro…Bernardeum de Armaignaco nepotem nostrum, secundo genitum dicti filii nostri heredem" as his heirs[489]. Comte d'Armagnac. "Bernardo…comite Armaniaci, Fezensiaci et Ruthenæ vicecomiteque Leomaniæ et Alti-Vilariæ…filium…domini Joannis quondam comitis Armaniaci, Fezensiaci, Ruthenæ et Carlienensis" confirmed the privileges of the county of Fezensac by charter dated 14 Nov 1393[490]. Encouraged by his father-in-law, he became a leading adversary of the Burgundian party. Appointed Connétable de France 30 Dec 1415. He was killed by the Burgundians.

m (contract Château de Mehun-sur-Yèvre, Cher 2 Dec 1393) as her second husband, BONNE de Berry, widow of AMEDEE VII "le Comte Roux" Comte de Savoie, daughter of JEAN [I] de France Duc de Berry & his first wife Jeanne d'Armagnac (1362-Carlat, Cantal 30 Dec 1435, bur Rodez église des Cordeliers). Dame de Carlat, by cession of her father at Bourges Nov 1410. She renounced Faucigny in 1427 in favour of her son Amédée VIII Duke of Savoy.

Bernard [VII] & his wife had seven children:

1. BONNE d'Armagnac (Lavardens, Gers 19 Feb [1395]-Castelnau-de-Montmiral, Tarn [1430[491]/16 Nov 1435]). m (contract Gien, Loiret 18 Apr 1410, Riom, Puy-de-Dôme 15 Aug 1410) as his second wife, CHARLES Duc d'Orléans, son of LOUIS de France Duc d'Orléans & his second wife Valentina Visconti of Milan (Hôtel royal de Saint-Pol, Paris 24 Nov 1394-Château d'Amboise 4 Jan 1465, bur Chapelle d'Orléans, église des Célestins, Paris).

2. JEAN [IV] d’Armagnac (Convent des Cordeliers Rodez 15 Oct 1396-L´Isle-Jourdain [14 Oct 1450/12 May 1451]). Comte d'Armagnac. Comte de Bigorre et Vicomte de Lomagne 1425. "Joannes…comes Armaniaci, Fezensiaci et Ruthenæ et Insulæ, vicecomesque Fezensagueti, Brullesii, Carselli et Gimoesi" confirmed the privileges of the county of Armagnac by charter dated 4 May 1428[492]. m firstly (contract 30 Jul 1406, Nantes 26 Jun 1407) BLANCHE de Bretagne, daughter of JEAN V "le Vaillant" Duke of Brittany & his third wife Infanta doña Juana de Navarra (1397-before May 1419). The marriage contract between "Bernard comte d´Armagnac et Jean d´Armagnac vicomte en Lomagne son fils ainé" and "Monseigneur Jean duc de Bretagne pour Madame Blanche sa sœur puinée" is dated 30 Jul 1406[493]. m secondly (by proxy 10 May 1419) Infanta doña ISABEL de Navarra, daughter of don CARLOS III "el Noble" King of Navarre & his wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla y León (1396-after 31 Aug 1435 or [1450]). Jean [IV] & his first wife had one child:

a) BONNE d’Armagnac (1416-before 1448).

Jean [IV] & his second wife had five children:

b) JEAN [V] d’Armagnac (1420-murdered Lectoure 5 Mar 1473, bur Lectoure Saint-Gervais). Vicomte de Lomagne. He succeeded his father in 1450 as Comte d´Armagnac. m (Lectoure 19 Aug 1469) JEANNE de Foix, daughter of GASTON IV Comte de Foix Prince of Navarre & his wife Infanta doña Leonor de Navarra (after 1454-Pau after 10 Feb 1476). Mistress (1): his sister, ISABELLE d´Armagnac, daughter of JEAN [IV] Comte d´Armagnac & his second wife Infanta doña Isabel de Navarra (1430-1476). Jean [V] & his wife had one child:

i) daughter (posthumously stillborn Apr 1473).

Jean [V] had three illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

ii) JEAN d´Armagnac (-1516). Seigneur de Camboulas. m (1507) JEANNE de La Tour, daughter of ---.

iii) ANTOINE d´Armagnac .

iv) ROSE d´Armagnac . m (1498) GASPARD de Villemur Seigneur de Saint Paul .

c) MARIE d´Armagnac ([1420/25]-monastère des Hospitalières, Mortagne-au-Perche 25 Jul 1473, bur église collégiale de Toussaint). m (contract Chateau de l’Isle-Jourdain, Gers 30 Apr 1437) as his second wife, JEAN [II] Duc d´Alençon, son of JEAN I "le Sage" Duc d'Alençon & his wife Marie de Bretagne dame de La Guerche (Château d’Argentan 1409- Paris 1476, bur Paris, église des Jacobins).

d) ELEONORE d´Armagnac (-[6/11] Dec 1456). m (26 Sep 1446) as his second wife, LOUIS de Chalon Prince d´Orange Seigneur d´Arlay et d´Arguel, son of JEAN Prince d'Orange, Sire d'Arlay & his wife Marie de Baux Pss d'Orange (1390-3 Dec 1463).

e) CHARLES [I] (1425-Castelnau de Montmirail 3 Jun 1497). Vicomte de Fézensaguet. He was imprisoned by Louis XI King of France from 1472 to 1485. He succeeded his brother in 1473 as Comte d´Armagnac. m (26 Nov 1468) CATHERINE de Foix-Candale, daughter of JEAN de Foix Comte de Benauges Earl of Kendal & his wife Margaret de la Pole (-1510). Charles [I] had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

i) PIERRE . He was legitimated and created Seigneur de l´Isle-Jourdain.

f) ISABELLE d´Armagnac (1430-1476). "Domina Isabellis de Armignaco, filia…domini Joannis quondam comitis Armaniaci domina terrarum Auræ, Maignoaci et Marrosæ, ac totius Baronniæ de la Bartha" confirmed an agreement with "domino Gastoni de Leone domino de Vesan" by charter dated 9 Nov 1473[494]. She was mistress of her brother JEAN d´Armagnac Vicomte de Lomagne.

3. MARIE (1397-young).

4. BERNARD d´Armagnac (29 Mar 1400-1462). Comte de Pardiac. Vicomte de Carlat et de Murat 1434. Comte de la Marche 1435, by right of his wife. Connétable de France. Created Duc de Nemours (pair de France), with his wife, 3 Apr 1461 (registered 14 Apr). m ELEONORE de Bourbon, daughter of JACQUES [II] de Bourbon Comte de la Marche & his first wife Infanta doña Beatriz de Navarra (-after 11 Sep 1463). She succeeded in 1435 as Ctss de la Marche et de Castres, when her father retired to a monastery. Created Dss de Nemours (pair de France), with her husband, 3 Apr 1461 (registered 14 Apr). Bernard & his wife had two children:

a) JACQUES d'Armagnac (1437-beheaded Paris 4 Aug 1477, bur Paris église des Cordeliers). Comte de Castres. Duc de Nemours. He was found guilty of spying for England and condemned to death. m (contract Poitiers 12 Jun 1462) LOUISE d'Anjou, daughter of CHARLES d'Anjou Comte du Maine & his [second] wife Isabelle de Luxembourg (1445-Carlat, Cantal 1470). Jacques & his wife had six children:

i) JACQUES d’Armagnac (-1477).

ii) JEAN d’Armagnac (-1500). He succeeded his father as Duc de Nemours and Comte de Pardiac.

iii) LOUIS d’Armagnac (-1503). Comte de Guise. He succeeded his brother as Duc de Nemours and Comte de Pardiac. Betrothed to FRANÇOISE d'Alençon, daughter of RENE Duc d'Alençon & his [second] wife Marguerite de Lorraine ([1490]-Château de La Flèche en Anjou 14 Sep 1550, bur Vendôme, église Saint-Georges).

iv) MARGUERITE d´Armagnac (-1503). Ctss de Guise. m as his second wife, PIERRE de Rohan-Gié Seigneur de Gié (-1513).

v) CHARLOTTE d´Armagnac (-1504). Ctss de Guise. m CHARLES de Rohan-Gié, son of PIERRE de Rohan-Gié Seigneur de Gié & his first wife Françoise de Penhoet (-1528). He suceded his father as Seigneur de Gié.

vi) CATHERINE d'Armagnac (-Moulins 2 Mar 1487, bur Priory of Souvigny). She died in childbirth. m (contract Saint-Cloud 28 Aug 1484) as his second wife, JEAN II "le Bon" Duc de Bourbon et d'Auvergne, son of CHARLES I Duc de Bourbon et d'Auvergne & his wife Agnès de Bourgogne [Valois] (Château de Moulins, Allier 30 Aug 1426[495]-Château de Moulins 1 Apr 1488, bur Priory of Souvigny).

b) JEAN . Abbé d´Aurillac.

5. ANNE d’Armagnac (1402-). m CHARLES [II] Sire d´Albret, of CHARLES [I] d'Albret Sire d'Albret [Constable of France] & his wife Marie Dame de Sully et de Craon (1407-1471).

6. JEANNE (1403-young).

7. BEATRIX (1406-young).

C. VICOMTES de CORNEILLAN

1. ADEMAR de Polestron (-[1075]). "Ademarus Polestronii cum filiis suis Willelmo-Fedaco, Oddone Fedaco" supported the foundation of the monastery of Saint-Mont by "Bernardus comes…cognomento Tumapalerius" and "nepote meo Centullo …" by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[496]. Vicomte de Corneillan. "Bernardus cognomento Tumapalerius tocius condatus Guasconie comes" and donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont, on the advice of "…Ademarus vicecomes Polestrensis et filii eius Willelmus Fedacus…Oddo et Fedacus", by charter dated 1062 before 4 Aug[497]. m GAUDIS, daughter of ---. An inventory of churches of the monastery of Saint-Mont includes property donated by "Galdis vicecomitissa mater Fedaci vicecomites" for the soul of "mariti sui Ademari", dated to [1075][498]. "Gaudis…femina vicecomitissa dicta de Cornela" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated to [1078][499]. "Fedacus castri Corneliani vicecomes, mater mea Gajadiz" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont with the consent of "fratre meo Wilelmo Fedaco" by charter dated to [1080][500]. Adémar & his wife had three children:

a) GUILLAUME FEDAC (-[1084/86]). "Ademarus Polestronii cum filiis suis Willelmo-Fedaco, Oddone Fedaco" supported the foundation of the monastery of Saint-Mont by "Bernardus comes…cognomento Tumapalerius" and "nepote meo Centullo …" by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[501]. "Bernardus cognomento Tumapalerius tocius condatus Guasconie comes" and donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont, on the advice of "…Ademarus vicecomes Polestrensis et filii eius Willelmus Fedacus…Oddo et Fedacus", by charter dated 1062 before 4 Aug[502]. Vicomte de Corneillan. A charter dated to [1084] records that "vicecomes de Cornela Fedacus" was killed "subito gladiis" and succeeded by "Wilelmus Fedacus…frater eius maior", and that his predecessor was "alterius fratris sui Oddonis"[503]. m as her first husband, BERTRANA, daughter of ---. "Bertranna vicecomitissa de Cernela" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated to [1085][504]. She married secondly ([1086] or before) Eleazarus. "Eleazarus et uxor mea vice comitissa…Bertranna" made an agreement with the monks of Saint-Mont by charter dated to [1086][505]. Guillaume Fedac & his wife had two children:

i) ARNAUD GUILLAUME (-before [1090]). A charter dated to [1090] records that "miles Kaiardus filius vicecomitisse Bertranne de Cornela" had agreed a donation to the monastery of Saint-Mont for his burial, that after his death "Arnaldus Wilelmus frater eius" had made the donation, and that after Arnaud Guillaume died "uxor ipsius Bonafemina" confirmed the donation[506]. m BONAFEMINA, daughter of --- (-after [1090]). A charter dated to [1090] records that "miles Kaiardus filius vicecomitisse Bertranne de Cornela" had agreed a donation to the monastery of Saint-Mont for his burial, that after his death "Arnaldus Wilelmus frater eius" had made the donation, and that after Arnaud Guillaume died "uxor ipsius Bonafemina" confirmed the donation[507].

ii) CAIARD (-before [1090]). A charter dated to [1090] records that "miles Kaiardus filius vicecomitisse Bertranne de Cornela" had agreed a donation to the monastery of Saint-Mont for his burial, that after his death "Arnaldus Wilelmus frater eius" had made the donation, and that after Arnaud Guillaume died "uxor ipsius Bonafemina" confirmed the donation[508].

b) OTHON (-before [1084]). "Ademarus Polestronii cum filiis suis Willelmo-Fedaco, Oddone Fedaco" supported the foundation of the monastery of Saint-Mont by "Bernardus comes…cognomento Tumapalerius" and "nepote meo Centullo …" by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[509]. "Bernardus cognomento Tumapalerius tocius condatus Guasconie comes" and donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont, on the advice of "…Ademarus vicecomes Polestrensis et filii eius Willelmus Fedacus…Oddo et Fedacus", by charter dated 1062 before 4 Aug[510]. A charter dated to [1084] records that "vicecomes de Cornela Fedacus" was killed "subito gladiis" and succeeded by "Wilelmus Fedacus…frater eius maior", and that his predecessor was "alterius fratris sui Oddonis"[511].

c) FEDAC (-killed in battle [1081]). "Ademarus Polestronii cum filiis suis Willelmo-Fedaco, Oddone Fedaco" supported the foundation of the monastery of Saint-Mont by "Bernardus comes…cognomento Tumapalerius" and "nepote meo Centullo …" by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[512]. "Bernardus cognomento Tumapalerius tocius condatus Guasconie comes" and donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont, on the advice of "…Ademarus vicecomes Polestrensis et filii eius Willelmus Fedacus…Oddo et Fedacus", by charter dated 1062 before 4 Aug[513]. Vicomte de Corneillan. "Fedacus castri Corneliani vicecomes, mater mea Gajadiz" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont with the consent of "fratre meo Wilelmo Fedaco" by charter dated to [1080], which also names "avunculus eius Wilelmus Fedacus"[514]. A charter dated to [1084], signed by "Mancipio consobrino suo", records that "vicecomes de Cornela Fedacus" was killed "subito gladiis" and succeeded by "Wilelmus Fedacus…frater eius maior", and that his predecessor was "alterius fratris sui Oddonis"[515]. m SANCHA, daughter of ---. An inventory of churches of the monastery of Saint-Mont includes details of a serf "in…loco Pujole" donated by "Sancia uxor…Fedacii vicecomitis" on the day her husband died, with the advice of "comitis Geraldi", dated to [1081][516]. She married secondly ([1086]) as his second wife, Géraud [II] Comte d'Armagnac. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. An inventory of churches of the monastery of Saint-Mont includes property donated by "Sanzia comitissa uxor Geraldi comitis Armaniaci", dated to [1088][517]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. "Comes Geroldus cum uxore mea Sazia" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated to [1095][518]. Fedac & his wife had one child:

i) ARSIUS (-after May [1086]). "Vicecomes Arsius, filius Fedaci vicecomitis Corneliani" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont after the death of "patris sui" by charter dated May [1086][519].

2. [GERAUD (-before [1078]). An inventory of churches of the monastery of Saint-Mont includes property donated by "Geraldus vicecomes", dated to [1070][520]. It is not known how Géraud was related to the other vicomtes de Corneillan. It is assumed that he died before the donation by his son dated to [1078] (see below).] m ---.

a) GUILLAUME GERAUD (-after [1078]). An inventory of churches of the monastery of Saint-Mont includes property donated by "Wilelmus Geraldus filius Geraldi vicecomitis Corneliani", dated to [1078][521].

3. [--- . m ---.]

a) [MANCIPIUS (-after [1084]). A charter dated to [1084], signed by "Mancipio consobrino suo", records that "vicecomes de Cornela Fedacus" was killed "subito gladiis"[522]. It is possible that Mancipius was related to Fedac through the family of the latter's mother.]

Chapter 4. COMTES d'ASTARAC

The county of Astarac was created in [920] by Garcia Sancho Duke of Gascony in the northern inland area of Gascony, adjoining the county of Toulouse, as appanages for his younger son Arnaud. The county of Astarac lay south of the counties of Armagnac and Fezensac, west of the county of Comminges and east of the county of Bigorre. In the present day, the area straddles the French départements of Gers and Hautes-Pyrenées. The male line of the comtes d´Astarac (see Part A. of this chapter) died out in the late 12th century. The county eventually passed to Comte Centule whose parentage is not known with certainty but who was probably a descendant through the female line of Bohémond Comte d´Astarac who died in [1176]. The descendants of Centule, shown in Part B. of this chapter, survived in the direct male line until the early 16th century when the county passed by marriage to the family of the comtes de Foix. The county of Astarac appears never to have achieved the prominence of its more successful neighbour the county of Armagnac. This is reflected in the marriages of the comital family, which were mainly with the families of the lesser Gascon nobility.

A. COMTES d´ASTARAC [920]-[1109]

ARNAUD Garcia, son of GARCIA [I] "le Tors/el Curvo" Sánchez Comte de Gascogne & his wife --- (-[960]). The Codex de Roda names "Sanzio Garsias et Arnaldo Garsies ac Gilelmo Garsies, ac domna Andregoto, seu domna Acibella, seu et ---" as the children of "Garsea Sanzoz" and his unnamed wife[523]. The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Sancium-Garsiam et Willelmum-Garsiam et Arnaldum-Garsiam" as the three sons of "Garsiam-Sancium Corvum", specifying that they divided Gascony between them, Arnaud Garcia receiving "Astaracum"[524]. The cartulary of Auch records that "Garsiam Sancium Curvum" had three sons "Sancium Garsiam et Guillelmum Garsiam et Arnaldum Garsiam", specifying that Sancho succeeded in Gascony, Guillaume in Fezensac, and Arnaud in Astarac[525]. "Garsias Sanctii consul filius regis Sancii" granted "Astaracensem pagum" to "Arnaldo filio meo" by charter dated to [920], signed by "Garciæ Sancii Consulis, Sancii Wilhelmi comitis filii, Salii Vivari, Sancii Amanevi, Gumbaudi, Eneci fratris eius"[526]. Comte d'Astarac. The Historia Abbatiæ Condomensis names "Arnaldus…cognomento…Natus" as son of "comitissa…coniux…Garsiæ Principis cognomento Curvi" who restored the convent of Condom and that he received "comitatum Astariacensem"[527].

m ---. The name of Arnaud's wife is not known.

Arnaud & his wife had [five] children:

1. GUILLAUME (-[955/60]). A charter dated to [955] records that "Faquilleno et Arremundo Dato et Guillelmo Horgulo et Garcia Horgulo et Arnaldo Horgulo" donated four churches in the diocese of Comminges to Sainte-Marie d´Auch, for their own souls and those of "suo patrem Arnaldo comito et Sancio comito et Gilelmo comito"[528].

2. GARCIA Arnaud (-before 975). The Codex de Roda names "Garsie Arnaldi et Leudebico, vel domna Girisenda" as the children of "Arnaldo Garsies" and his unnamed wife[529]. The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Garsias-Arnaldi" as son of "Arnaldum-Garsiam"[530]. A charter dated to [955] records that "Faquilleno et Arremundo Dato et Guillelmo Horgulo et Garcia Horgulo et Arnaldo Horgulo" donated four churches in the diocese of Comminges to Sainte-Marie d´Auch, for their own souls and those of "suo patrem Arnaldo comito et Sancio comito et Gilelmo comito"[531]. Comte d'Astarac. "Garsi Arnaldi comitis" signed a charter dated 27 Apr [970] which records a donation to the abbey of Pessan[532]. ["Guillelmo Auriolo [comitis]" donated property to Sainte-Marie de Simorre, for the souls of "Garsi Arnaldi comitis et…Fachisanæ matris meæ et…Garsi Orollo…et Arnaldo", by charter dated to [995], signed by "Arnaldo comite, Donato Dati, Erricho Dati, Guillelmo Garsia, Leudovico, Lipomano…"[533]. As noted below, it is possible that "Fachisanæ" was the sister of Garcia Arnaud Comte d´Astarac who, if this is correct, would presumably have been "Garsi Arnaldi comitis" and his son "Arnaldo comite" named in this document.] m ---. The name of Garcia's wife is not known. Garcia & his wife had one child:

a) ARNAUD (-[1022/23]). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Arnaldus" as son of "Garsias-Arnaldi"[534]. Comte d'Astarac.

- see below.

3. LOUIS (-before [955]). The Codex de Roda names "Garsie Arnaldi et Leudebico, vel domna Girisenda" as the children of "Arnaldo Garsies" and his unnamed wife[535]. If Louis was the son of Comte Arnaud Garcia, he must have died before [955] as he is not named with his other brothers in the charter of his sister.

4. ARNAUD (-after Mar 975). A charter dated to [955] records that "Faquilleno et Arremundo Dato et Guillelmo Horgulo et Garcia Horgulo et Arnaldo Horgulo" donated four churches in the diocese of Comminges to Sainte-Marie d´Auch, for their own souls and those of "suo patrem Arnaldo comito et Sancio comito et Gilelmo comito"[536]. A charter dated Mar 975 names "Arnaldo de Aura, Estaracensi comite" in the dating clause[537]. Jaurgain concludes that Arnaud governed Astarac for his nephew Arnaud and that Aure passed to his sister, or her children, when he died[538].

5. GERSENDE [Faquilo] (-30 Aug [after 955]). The Codex de Roda names "Garsie Arnaldi et Leudebico, vel domna Girisenda" as the children of "Arnaldo Garsies" and his unnamed wife, stating that Gersende married "Regismundi de Bigorra"[539]. On the other hand, a charter dated to [955] records that "Faquilleno et Arremundo Dato et Guillelmo Horgulo et Garcia Horgulo et Arnaldo Horgulo" donated four churches in the diocese of Comminges to Sainte-Marie d´Auch, for their own souls and those of "suo patrem Arnaldo comito et Sancio comito et Gilelmo comito", adding that she died "III Kal Sep"[540]. It is not known whether Gersende and Faquilo were the same person, assuming a mistake in the Codex de Roda, or whether Raymond Dat Comte de Bigorre married two sisters in turn. [According to Jaurgain, Faquilena married secondly Vicomte Auriol Dat (who he claims was the brother of her first husband)[541]. He cites no primary source on which this hypothesis is based except the charter of Sainte-Marie de Simorre, dated to [995], which records the donations by "Guillelmo Auriolo [comitis]" for the souls of "Garsi Arnaldi comitis et…Fachisanæ matris meæ et…Garsi Orollo…et Arnaldo"[542]. According to Jaurgain, Faquilo´s second husband was Auriol Dat, brother of her first husband[543]. If "Fachisana" was the sister of Garcia Arnaud Comte d´Astarac, it is likely that he is identified as "Garsi Arnaldi comitis" named in this document. However, it is possible that Faquilena who married Auriol Dat was a different person from Faquilena who married Comte Raymond, although if this is correct the unusual name suggests that they were related.] m [firstly] RAYMOND Comte de Bigorre, son of --- & his wife Lupa Sanchez (-[956]). [m secondly AURIOL Dat, son of DATO & his wife --- (-after 977).]

ARNAUD, son of GARCIA Arnaud Comte d´Astarac & his wife --- (-[1022/23]). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Arnaldus" as son of "Garsias-Arnaldi"[544]. Comte d'Astarac. "Emerico comitis, Arnaldo comitis…" signed a charter dated Nov 1020 which records a donation to the abbey of Pessan[545]. "Arnaldus comes Astariacensis" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pé by charter dated to [1022], later signed by "Raimundus filius eius"[546].

m ATALESE [Tarasie], daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1023 under which her son "Guillelmus filius quondam comitis Arnaldi Astariacensis et eius coniux…Talesa" donated the monastery of Pessan to the abbey of Simorre[547], and by the charter dated to [1025] under which her son "Oddo filius quondam Arnaldi, Astaracensis comes, et eius coniugis…Atalesæ, comitissæ" restored the monastery of Saramon[548].

Arnaud & his wife had two children:

1. GUILLAUME [I] (-after [1060]). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Guillelmum et Bernardum-Pelagos" as the two sons of "Arnaldus", stating that Guillaume received "Astaracum" while Bernard received "Pardiniacum"[549]. Comte d'Astarac. "Guillelmus filius quondam comitis Arnaldi Astariacensis et eius coniux…Talesa" donated the monastery of Pessan "accepto ab Ottone, diacono, germano meo" to the abbey of Simorre by charter dated 1023, subscribed by "Aymericus comes Fezensiacus…Garsi Arnaldus comes Bigorritanus, Bernardus comes, Remundus comes, Garsias comes, Geraldus comes, Bernard Arsi vicarius Garsia"[550]. "Oddo filius quondam Arnaldi, Astaracensis comes, et eius coniugis…Atalesæ, comitissæ" restored the monastery of Saramon, with the consent of "nostri germani fratres…domnus Guillelmus, et Bernardus, Remundus, Garsias et Guiraldus", by charter dated to [1025][551]. "Guilelmus Astaracensis comes" submitted the abbey of Sainte-Dode to the monastery of Simorre, earlier founded by "abbate Ottone tum diaconis" with the consent of "genitoris meis Arnaldi comitis et genetricis meæ Tarasiæ et germanorum meorum Bernardi et Raimundi", by charter dated 1034[552]. "Wilhelmi comitis Astaracensis" signed a charter dated to [1060] relating to the monastery of Pessan[553]. m ---. The name of Guillaume's wife is not known. A charter dated to [1034] records that "Guilelmus filius Arnaldi, comes Astariacensis" married "consanguineam suam" without dispensation but that the marriage was recognised as valid in return for penances, the document naming "Bernardus frater eius, Raimundus frater eius, Garcia frater eius, Agganricus et cognatus eius…"[554]. Presumably "Agganricus…cognatus eius", whose name has not been found in any other document, was related to Guillaume´s unnamed wife. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

a) SANCHO [I] (-[1080]). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Sancium" as the son of "Guillaume"[555]. Comte d'Astarac.

- see below.

2. ODON (-after 1034). "Guillelmus filius quondam comitis Arnaldi Astariacensis et eius coniux…Talesa" donated the monastery of Pessan "accepto ab Ottone, diacono, germano meo" to the abbey of Simorre by charter dated 1023[556]. "Oddo filius quondam Arnaldi, Astaracensis comes, et eius coniugis…Atalesæ, comitissæ" restored the monastery of Saramon, with the consent of "nostri germani fratres…domnus Guillelmus, et Bernardus, Remundus, Garsias et Guiraldus", by charter dated to [1025][557]. Abbot of Simorre: "Guilelmus Astaracensis comes" submitted the abbey of Sainte-Dode to the monastery of Simorre, earlier founded by "abbate Ottone tum diaconis" with the consent of "genitoris meis Arnaldi comitis et genetricis meæ Tarasiæ et germanorum meorum Bernardi et Raimundi", by charter dated 1034[558].

3. BERNARD "Pelagus" (-after [1034]). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Guillelmum et Bernardum-Pelagos" as the two sons of "Arnaldus", stating that Guillaume received "Astaracum" while Bernard received "Pardiniacum"[559]. Comte de Pardiac. "…Bernardus comes, Remundus comes, Garsias comes, Geraldus comes…" subscribed the charter dated 1023 under which "Guillelmus filius quondam comitis Arnaldi Astariacensis et eius coniux…Talesa" donated the monastery of Pessan to the abbey of Simorre[560]. "Oddo filius quondam Arnaldi, Astaracensis comes, et eius coniugis…Atalesæ, comitissæ" restored the monastery of Saramon, with the consent of "nostri germani fratres…domnus Guillelmus, et Bernardus, Remundus, Garsias et Guiraldus", by charter dated to [1025][561].

- COMTES de PARDIAC.

4. RAYMOND Arnaud (-[after 1037]). "Arnaldus comes Astariacensis" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pé by charter dated to [1022], later signed by "Raimundus filius eius"[562]. "…Bernardus comes, Remundus comes, Garsias comes, Geraldus comes…" subscribed the charter dated 1023 under which "Guillelmus filius quondam comitis Arnaldi Astariacensis et eius coniux…Talesa" donated the monastery of Pessan to the abbey of Simorre[563]. "Oddo filius quondam Arnaldi, Astaracensis comes, et eius coniugis…Atalesæ, comitissæ" restored the monastery of Saramon, with the consent of "nostri germani fratres…domnus Guillelmus, et Bernardus, Remundus, Garsias et Guiraldus", by charter dated to [1025][564]. A charter dated to [1034] records that "Guilelmus filius Arnaldi, comes Astariacensis" married "consanguineam suam" without dispensation but that the marriage was recognised as valid in return for penances, the document naming "Bernardus frater eius, Raimundus frater eius, Garcia frater eius, Agganricus et cognatus eius…"[565]. [Vicomte de Pessan. "Remundi Arnaldi vicecomitis eiusdem civitatis" signed a charter dated 1037 which recognised that the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde belonged to the abbey of Pessan[566].]

5. GARCIA (-after [1034]). "…Bernardus comes, Remundus comes, Garsias comes, Geraldus comes…" subscribed the charter dated 1023 under which "Guillelmus filius quondam comitis Arnaldi Astariacensis et eius coniux…Talesa" donated the monastery of Pessan to the abbey of Simorre[567]. "Oddo filius quondam Arnaldi, Astaracensis comes, et eius coniugis…Atalesæ, comitissæ" restored the monastery of Saramon, with the consent of "nostri germani fratres…domnus Guillelmus, et Bernardus, Remundus, Garsias et Guiraldus", by charter dated to [1025][568]. A charter dated to [1034] records that "Guilelmus filius Arnaldi, comes Astariacensis" married "consanguineam suam" without dispensation but that the marriage was recognised as valid in return for penances, the document naming "Bernardus frater eius, Raimundus frater eius, Garcia frater eius, Agganricus et cognatus eius…"[569].

6. GERAUD (-[1025/34]). "…Bernardus comes, Remundus comes, Garsias comes, Geraldus comes…" subscribed the charter dated 1023 under which "Guillelmus filius quondam comitis Arnaldi Astariacensis et eius coniux…Talesa" donated the monastery of Pessan to the abbey of Simorre[570]. "Oddo filius quondam Arnaldi, Astaracensis comes, et eius coniugis…Atalesæ, comitissæ" restored the monastery of Saramon, with the consent of "nostri germani fratres…domnus Guillelmus, et Bernardus, Remundus, Garsias et Guiraldus", by charter dated to [1025][571]. He probably died before [1034] as he is not named with his other lay brothers in the charter of that date which relates to the marriage of his brother Comte Guillaume (see above).

SANCHO [I] d´Astarac, son of GUILLAUME Comte d´Astarac & his wife --- (-[1080]). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Sancium" as the son of "Guillaume"[572]. Comte d'Astarac. "Dominus Sancius…Guillelmi comitis filius, comes regionis illius" confirmed the donation of the monastery of Sainte-Dode (whose monks had rebelled) to the abbey of Simorre by charter dated 13 Aug 1075[573]. "Sanctio comes et uxor eius necnon et filii eius Vilelmus atque A." restored the monastery of Saramon to the abbot of Sorèze, by charter dated to [1075][574].

m --- (-after [1075]). The name of Sancho's wife is not known. "Sanctio comes et uxor eius necnon et filii eius Vilelmus atque A." restored the monastery of Saramon to the abbot of Sorèze, by charter dated to [1075][575].

Sancho & his wife had three children:

1. GUILLAUME [II] (-before 1124). "Sanctio comes et uxor eius necnon et filii eius Vilelmus atque A." restored the monastery of Saramon to the abbot of Sorèze, by charter dated to [1075][576]. Comte d´Astarac.

2. ARNAUD (-before 1124). "Sanctio comes et uxor eius necnon et filii eius Vilelmus atque A." restored the monastery of Saramon to the abbot of Sorèze, by charter dated to [1075][577].

3. BERNARD [I] (-1142). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Bernardum" as the son of "Sancius"[578]. Comte d'Astarac. "Bernardus comes…Oddo d´Astarac" are named in a charter dated to [1130] which records a donation to the abbey of Simorre[579]. "Bernardus comes Astaracensis et Sancius dictus eius filius" donated the church of Berdoues to the abbot of Morimont by charter dated 1134[580]. "Bernardus comes cum filiis suis S. et B." cooperated in the reconstruction of the town of Simorre which had been destroyed by fire, recorded in a charter dated May 1141[581]. m firstly ---. The name of Bernard's wife is not known. m secondly LONGUEBRUNE, daughter of --- (-after [1154]). Her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated to [1154] which records that "Boamundus" borrowed money from "priorissam Boni Loci…mater sua…Longa Bruna" to prevent Géraud d´Esparbès, who had been expelled as abbot of Saramon, from pillaging the county[582]. Jaurgain suggests that Longuebrune was the sister of Bohémond Comte de Pardiac to explain the transmission of the name Bohémond into the Astarac family[583]. Prioress of Notre-Dame de Bolauc: "Sancius comes Astaracensis" donated property to the convent of Bolauc and "priorissæ Boni Loci…Longæ Brunæ" by charter dated 1042[584]. A charter dated to [1153] records that "Bernardus de Marestaing" was at war with "comite Astaracensi Boamundo" and was bribed with money borrowed from "Boni Loci…priorissam…Longam Brunam" not to burn the town[585]. Bernard & his first wife had one child:

a) SANCHO [II] (-after 1169). The Genealogica Comitum Guasconiæ names "Sancium" as the son of "Bernardus"[586]. "Bernardus comes Astaracensis et Sancius dictus eius filius" donated the church of Berdoues to the abbot of Morimont by charter dated 1134[587]. "Bernardus comes cum filiis suis S. et B." cooperated in the reconstruction of the town of Simorre which had been destroyed by fire, recorded in a charter dated May 1141[588]. Comte d´Astarac. "Sancius comes Astaracensis" donated property to the convent of Bolauc and "priorissæ Boni Loci…Longæ Brunæ" by charter dated 1042[589]. m ---. The name of Sancho´s wife is not known. Sancho [II] & his wife had one child:

i) BERNARD [II] (-1109 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte d'Astarac.

Bernard & his second wife had one child:

b) BOHEMOND (-1176 or after). "Bernardus comes cum filiis suis S. et B." cooperated in the reconstruction of the town of Simorre which had been destroyed by fire, recorded in a charter dated May 1141[590]. Comte d´Astarac. A charter dated to [1153] records that "Bernardus de Marestaing" was at war with "comite Astaracensi Boamundo" and was bribed with money borrowed from "Boni Loci…priorissam…Longam Brunam" not to burn the town[591]. A charter dated to [1154] records that "Boamundus" borrowed money from "priorissam Boni Loci…mater sua…Longa Bruna" to prevent Géraud d´Esparbès, who had been expelled as abbot of Saramon, from pillaging the county[592]. "Boamundus comes Astaracensis et domina Rubea uxor mea" donated property to the abbot of Berdoues, with the consent of "filiarum nostrarum Mariæ, Marchesiæ et Bonefeminæ", by charter dated to [1172][593]. "Boemundi Astaracensis comitis et uxoris eius Rubee et filiabus Maria atque Marchesia" approved the sale of the château de Lamaguère by "Guillaume de Lamaguère" to Géraud de la Barthe Archbishop of Auch, by charter dated Mar 1174[594]. "Boamundus comes Astaracensis dictus filius Bernardi Astaracensis comitis" donated property, sold by "Bernardus pater eius et Sancius frater eius", to the abbot of Berdoues by charter dated 1175[595]. m ROUGE de Marsan, daughter of PIERRE de Marsan & his wife Beatrix de Bigorre. "Boamundus comes Astaracensis et domina Rubea uxor mea" donated property to the abbot of Berdoues, with the consent of "filiarum nostrarum Mariæ, Marchesiæ et Bonefeminæ", by charter dated to [1172][596]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Boemundi Astaracensis comitis et uxoris eius Rubee et filiabus Maria atque Marchesia" approved the sale of the château de Lamaguère by "Guillaume de Lamaguère" to Géraud de la Barthe Archbishop of Auch, by charter dated Mar 1174[597]. Bohémond & his wife had four children:

i) MARIE (-[1174/75]). "Boamundus comes Astaracensis et domina Rubea uxor mea" donated property to the abbot of Berdoues, with the consent of "filiarum nostrarum Mariæ, Marchesiæ et Bonefeminæ", by charter dated to [1172][598]. "Boemundi Astaracensis comitis et uxoris eius Rubee et filiabus Maria atque Marchesia" approved the sale of the château de Lamaguère by "Guillaume de Lamaguère" to Géraud de la Barthe Archbishop of Auch, by charter dated Mar 1174[599].

ii) MARQUESE (-after 1191). "Boamundus comes Astaracensis et domina Rubea uxor mea" donated property to the abbot of Berdoues, with the consent of "filiarum nostrarum Mariæ, Marchesiæ et Bonefeminæ", by charter dated to [1172][600]. "Boemundi Astaracensis comitis et uxoris eius Rubee et filiabus Maria atque Marchesia" approved the sale of the château de Lamaguère by "Guillaume de Lamaguère" to Géraud de la Barthe Archbishop of Auch, by charter dated Mar 1174[601]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1187 under which "Eysemenus comes Astaracensis et Marquesa uxor eius" donated property to the abbot of Berdoues[602]. "Marquesa comitissa Astaracensis et Benetris soror eius" confirmed the donation of property to the abbot of Berdoues by charter dated 1191[603]. m as his second wife, JIMENO, son of --- (-[1187/91]). Comte d´Astarac.

iii) BONNEFEMME (-[1172/91]). "Boamundus comes Astaracensis et domina Rubea uxor mea" donated property to the abbot of Berdoues, with the consent of "filiarum nostrarum Mariæ, Marchesiæ et Bonefeminæ", by charter dated to [1172][604].

iv) BEATRIX . "Marquesa comitissa Astaracensis et Benetris soror eius" confirmed the donation of property to the abbot of Berdoues by charter dated 1191[605]. Her first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1190 under which "Rodericus dictus filius Exemeni comitis Astaracensis et uxor eius Benetrix" confirmed the earlier donation of property to the abbot of Berdoues by charter dated 1190[606]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1200 under which "Vitalis de Monteacuto comes Astaracensis et uxor eius Na Benetrix Astaracensis comitissa" granted rights to the abbot of Berdoues[607]. m firstly RODRIGO Jiménez, son of JIMENO --- & his first wife --- (-1191). "Rodericus comes Astaracensi" witnessed a charter dated 1191 under which "Arnaud-Guillaume de Panassac abbé de Simorre" committed certain obligations towards to the convent of Bolauc[608]. Comte d´Astarac. m secondly ([1192/95]) VITAL de Montégut, son of --- (-1204 or after). Comte d´Astarac.

B. COMTES d´ASTARAC 1210-1511

1. CENTULE [I] (-1243 or before). According to Jaurgain, Centule was the son of Beatrix Ctss d´Astarac and her first husband Rodrigo Jiménez but he cites no primary source on which this is based[609]. The name of Centule´s son Bohémond and daughter Rouge suggest that he was descended from Comte Bohémond and his wife. However, the absence of the names Jimeno and Rodrigo among his descendants suggests that he was not descended from Bohémond´s daughter Beatrix. Another possibility is that Centule was the son of Bohémond´s daughter Bonnefemme, about whom nothing is known after [1172] (see above). The name Centule suggests a close relationship with the family of the comtes de Bigorre. Comte d´Astarac. Centule is named in a charter of Berdoues dated 1210[610]. "Centullus comes Astariacensis" donated the dîmes from the county of Astarac to the archbishop of Auch by charter dated 1 May 1227, witnessed by "Bernardus comes Convenarum, et nobilis vir Sancius de Bartha"[611]. "Centullus comes Astaraco" swore allegiance to Louis IX King of France by charter dated Apr 1229[612]. "Centullo comiti Astarasci" swore allegiance to the comte de Toulouse by charter dated 3 Sep 1230[613]. The testament of "Centol…comes Astaraci", dated to [1230], bequeathed "à Bolmn mon primer fil, le comtad de Starac" and "à Centol mon fil…terra al comtad de Begore" and names "Roia ma fila…Beatrice ma filia…la dauna S. lor mair…la dona Segui ma molher"[614]. m firstly PETRONILLE de Comminges, daughter of BERNARD Comte de Comminges & his third wife Marie de Montpellier. The testament of "Maria regina Aragonum et domina Montispessulani" is dated 20 Apr 1213, naming "Jacobum filium Regis Aragonum et meum…duæ filiæ meæ Mathildis…et Perona"[615]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "comte Bernard de Comminges" had two daughters by his wife "la fille de Guillaume de Montpellier…Marie" of whom one married "Sanche de Barral" and the other "Centulle comte d´Astarac"[616]. m secondly SEGUINE de Lomagne, daughter of GERARD de Lomagne & his wife ---. The testament of "Centol…comes Astaraci", dated to [1230], names "la dona Segui ma molher"[617]. Centule [I] & his second wife had four children:

a) BOHEMOND . The testament of "Centol…comes Astaraci", dated to [1230], bequeathed "à Bolmn mon primer fil, le comtad de Starac"[618].

b) CENTULE [II] (-1249 before 24 Aug, bur Simorre). The testament of "Centol…comes Astaraci", dated to [1230], bequeathed "à Bolmn mon primer fil, le comtad de Starac" and "à Centol mon fil…terra al comtad de Begore"[619]. Comte d´Astarac. "C. puerolo comite Astaracensi" and "C. puero comite Astaraci" are named in charters of Berdoues dated 1243 and 1244[620]. A charter dated 24 Aug 1249 records that "dominus Centullus…comes Astaraci…filius…comitis Centulli Staracensis et…nobilis dominæ Na Segii comitisse Staracensis" defeated and captured "Arnaldo Wilhelmo de Labartha" but when dying became a monk "apud Simorram" where he was buried[621].

c) ROUGE . The testament of "Centol…comes Astaraci", dated to [1230], names "Roia ma fila…Beatrice ma filia…la dauna S. lor mair"[622].

d) BEATRIX . The testament of "Centol…comes Astaraci", dated to [1230], names "Roia ma fila…Beatrice ma filia…la dauna S. lor mair"[623].

e) BERNARD [IV] (after [1230]-1291). Comte d´Astarac. A charter dated Dec 1284 records that "Bernardo comite Astariaci" was ordered to restore to the abbot of Simorre "castrum sive fortalicium de Maceriis" which "Centullus quondam pater comitis" had expropriated[624]. m ---. Bernard & his wife had four children:

i) CENTULE [III] (-1300). Comte d´Astarac. m [as her second husband,] ASSALIDE d´Albret, [widow of VEZIAN Vicomte de Lomagne,] daughter of AMANIEU [VI] d´Albret & his second wife Mathe de Bordeaux (before 1262-after 5 Jan 1286). The marriage contract of "dame Assalide d´Albret" and "le filz du comte d´Astarac" is dated 1 May 1278 which records the dowry given by "Berard Ezii son frère"[625]. The testament of "Assalide", dated 5 Jan 1286, appointed as her heir "Bernard son fils unique…et lui substitua Amanieu d´Albret son frère"[626]. Centule [III] & his wife had one child:

(a) BERNARD [IV] (-after 1326). The testament of "Assalide", dated 5 Jan 1286, appointed as her heir "Bernard son fils unique…et lui substitua Amanieu d´Albret son frère"[627]. Comte d´Astarac.

- see below.

ii) JEAN . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

iii) BERNARD . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

iv) ARNAUD . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

v) ROUGE . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m (1285 or after) as his second wife, PIERRE de Grailly Vicomte de Benauge, son of JEAN [I] de Grailly & his [first wife ---] (-1290).

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not yet been verified, unless otherwise stated below.

BERNARD [IV] d´Astarac, son of CENTULE [III] Comte d´Astarac & his wife Assalide d´Albret (-after 1326). The testament of "Assalide", dated 5 Jan 1286, appoints as her heir "Bernard son fils unique…et lui substitua Amanieu d´Albret son frère"[628]. Comte d´Astarac.

m firstly (contract 31 Oct 1294) MATHE de Foix, daughter of ROGER BERNARD Comte de Foix & his wife Marguerite de Béarn.

m secondly as her second husband, JAMBURGE de l´Isle-Jourdain, widow of GAUTHIER du Fossat Seigneur de Bramevaque, daughter of JOURDAIN de l´Isle-Jourdain & his wife Vacquerie Adhémar de Monteil.

Bernard [IV] & his first wife had two children:

1. BERNARD (-before 1324). m (1309) AUGUSTA du Fossat, daughter of GAUTHIER du Fossat Seigneur de Bramevaque & his wife Jamburge de l´Isle-Jourdain. A manuscript chronicle records the marriage in 1309 of "Bernardus filius Bernardi comitis Astarici" and "D. Augustam filiam Galterii de Fossato militis D. de Bramebac, et D. Jamburgæ de Insula", adding that her dowry was "D. marchas argenti"[629].

2. AMANIEU (-1331). Comte d´Astarac. m as her first husband, CECILE de Comminges, daughter of BERNARD VII Comte de Comminges & his wife Laure de Montfort (-after 23 Jun 1354). She married secondly (1337) as his first wife, Giovanni II Marchese di Monferrato. Amanieu & his wife had one child:

a) CENTULE [IV] . Comte d´Astarac. m MATHE de Fézenzaguet, daughter of ---. Centule [IV] & his wife had three children:

i) CECILE (-after 20 Jul 1392). m firstly RAYMOND BERNARD de Durfort, son of ---. m secondly (separated 1384) as his first wife, JEAN JOURDAIN [III] Comte de l´Isle-Jourdain, son of JEAN JOURDAIN [II] Comte de l´Isle-Jourdain & his wife Indie de Durfort (-after Feb 1411).

ii) MARGUERITE . m FLORIMOND Seigneur de l´Escure, son of ---.

iii) JEAN [I] (-5 Oct 1398). Comte d´Astarac.

- see below.

JEAN [I] d´Astarac, son of CENTULE [IV] Comte d´Astarac & his wife Mathe de Fézensaguet (-5 Oct 1398). Comte d´Astarac.

m firstly CATHERINE de Lautrec, daughter of AMALRIC Vicomte de Lautrec & his wife Jeanne de Narbonne.

m secondly MAUBROSSE de la Barthe, daughter of GERAUD de la Barthe & his wife Brunissende de Lautrec.

Jean [I] & his second wife had four children:

1. MATHE . m ROGER de Comminges, son of ---.

2. CECILE . m firstly --- de l´Isle-Jourdain, son of ---. m secondly PHILIPPE de Comminges, son of ---.

3. JEAN [II] (-16 Apr 1410). Comte d´Astarac. m ---. Jean [II] & his wife had two children:

a) BERNARD (-1406).

b) JEAN [III] (-1 Sep 1458). Comte d´Astarac. m firstly JEANNE de Barbazon, daughter of ---. m secondly JEANNE de Courasse, daughter of ---- Jean [III] & his first wife had one child:

i) CATHERINE . m (contract 23 Jul 1449) PIERRE de Foix Vicomte de Lautrec, son of JEAN [III] [de Grailly] Comte de Foix et de Bigorre Vicomte de Béarn & his wife Jeanne d'Albret (1454).

Jean [III] & his second wife had two children:

ii) JEAN [IV] (-1511). Comte d´Astarac. m (23 Feb 1483) MARIE de Chambes dame de Montsoreau, daughter of ---. Jean [IV] & his wife had three children:

(a) MATHE (-after 1550). Heiress of Astarac. m (21 May 1505) GASTON de Foix, son of ---.

(b) JACQUELINE (-15