During the middle medieval period, Ireland was divided into five provinces, Connaught, Leinster, Meath, Munster and Ulster, each ruled by provincial kings under the supreme king of Ireland, appointed from one of their number, whose royal seat was at Tara in Meath. Other minor local kingdoms included Desmond, Ormond, Ossory, Tara, and Thomond. The position of over-king was not consistently hereditary within any one of the provincial royal families nor does it seem to have been rotated in order between them. The acceptance of one individual as “High King” depended, it would appear, on his own personal power and the respect with which he was regarded by his fellow kings, reminiscent of the bretwalda in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England. This is illustrated, in the case of the High King Tordelbach Ua Briain, by the Annals of Inisfallen which record that "the son of Conchobair Ua Mail Sechnaill (king of Temuir), Gofraid grandson of Ragnall king of Áth Cliath, and Domnall son of Gilla Pátraic king of Osraige…submitted to Tairdelbach Ua Briain king of Mum” in 1072 and “gave acknowledgement and high-kingship to him”[1]. No indication has been found in the primary sources so far consulted concerning any formal selection process which was followed before a new High King was appointed. It is unlikely that the High King held any jurisdictional role in respect of the regional kingdoms other than his own. The High Kings are shown in Chapter 1 of this document.

The Annals of Tigernach and its Continuations provide a detailed history of the various kings and chieftains of Ireland between [972/73] and 1178, with one significant gap from 1002 to 1017[2]. The Annals of Ulster are a useful complementary source[3] which, although generally less detailed, significantly extend the coverage at both ends of the date spectrum and record some events which are omitted from the Annals of Tigernach. The Annals of Inisfallen[4] emphasise affairs in the kingdom of Munster, but contain a significant gap between 1130 and 1159. The Annals of the Four Masters[5] are much more extensive, purporting to cover from the pre-Christian era until the early 17th century. They contain less detail than the Annals of Tigernach and their chronology is generally two or three years different from the other Annals, at least until the last quarter of the 10th century, but they provide significant additional information which is absent elsewhere. Of these four main sources for early Irish history, it is difficult to tell which might have been the earliest source which provided the basis for the others. Even in cases where information is duplicated in the different sources, the wording of the respective paragraphs is often significantly different. Another difficulty, common to all early European primary sources of this type, is deciding when legend gives way to fact. For the purposes of preparation of the present document, the mid-9th century has been taken as the starting point from which information has been extracted.

All the Annals consist mainly of a litany of violent deaths and destructive local conflicts. They are also noteworthy for the absence of significant detail relating to the religious life of the community (although the Annals of Inisfallen include more religious references than, for example, the Annals of Tigernach), which contrasts with similar primary sources in England and continental European countries. However, the Irish Annals are unusually valuable for family reconstitution as the names of the fathers and grandfathers of the protagonists are nearly always specified, by way of composite names which include “Mac” (son of) and “Ua/Húa” (grandson of) in the Gaelic original. Nevertheless, the process of reconstruction is less certain from the mid-11th century, with the duplication of similar names and therefore the multiplication of possibilities for particular family connections. From the early 12th century, “Ua” in the text more often indicates the name of the most illustrious more remote paternal ancestor, rather than the grandfather of the individual. This enables a person´s family group to be identified but not his precise place within it. One difficulty with the Annals is that, when recording the death of a king, they rarely specify the name of his successor. On the basis of the sources so far consulted, this results in uncertainty regarding the precise regnal order and, in some cases, significant gaps in knowledge about the royal succession of regional kings.

The Annals refer to numerous local kingships either over named clans, for example “the Kindred of Conall”, “the Húi Fidgenti”, “the Húi Echach”, “the Húi Cennselaig”, “the Húi Fiachrach”, “the Húi Forgo”, “the Gailenga”, or over restricted areas of the country, including “Aidne”, “Cairbre”, “Legh and Rechet”, “Teffa”, not all of which have been located. In some cases, they were descendants of younger sons of the regional kings. It is probable that many more such connections exist, but the duplication of names presents an obstacle to tracing family relationships. The Annals do not explicitly state that these local kings operated under the suzerainty of the regional kings, but some passages in the texts suggest that this may have been the case. For example, the Annals of Ulster record the deaths in 1063 and 1064 of "Niall son of Eochaid over-king of Ulaid [Ulster]” and of “Donnchad son of Brian overking of Mumu [Munster]”[6]. None of the Annals include many references to lesser nobility with titles such as earl, count, lord or baron: in Ireland most nobles appear to have borne the title “king” however small their area of jurisdiction.

The Annals reveal little contact between Ireland and its neighbours England and Scotland, beyond the record of the deaths of the most noteworthy English and Scottish kings, although the dates of these events do provide an independent assessment of the chronological reliability of the source as most of them are corroborated by other sources. This comparative isolation of the Irish kingdoms changed in the mid-12th century with the arrival of English adventurers and their troops. It is clear from the Annals that the English encountered stiff resistance, and were not consistently successful in their conquests. Nevertheless, from this time the political climate of Ireland changed dramatically, as illustrated by the understated report in the Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) of the arrival of Henry II King of England in 1171, which in one sentence records the submission of the king of Desmond and the English king´s assumption of kingship over Leinster and “the men of Meath, Brefne, Oriel and Ulster”[7].

In the mid-10th century, Norse invaders established the kingdom of D ublin which survived as an autonomous entity for more than a century. The Norse kings of Dublin made little progress in conquering territory from the neighbouring native Irish kingdoms, although Norse kingdoms were also established temporarily in Waterford. The Annals reveal numerous battles between the Norse settlers and the Irish. But, more surprisingly, they also reveal temporary alliances between different factions in the two groups, and numerous marriage alliances.

The families of some of the English settlers in Ireland are also included in this document.

Chapter 1. HIGH KINGS of IRELAND

A. KINGS of IRELAND (KINGS of TARA)

FLANN 879-916

1. MAELSECHLAINN (-862). His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Ulster which name "Flann son of Mael Sechnaill son of Mael Ruanaid son of Donnchad king of Temair”[8]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 862 of "Mael Sechnaill son of Mael Ruanaid”[9]. m ---. The name of Maelsechlainn´s wife is not known. Maelsechlainn & his wife had [five] children:

a) FLANN ([847/48]-Tailltin 25 May 916). His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of the Four Masters which name “Donnchadh son of Flann son of Maelseachlainn”[10]. The Annals of Ulster record "Flann son of Mael Sechnaill, king of Temair” among the victors in “the battle of Belach Mugna” fought 13 Sep 908 between “the men of Mumu, the Leth Cuinn and the Laigin in Mag Ailbi”[11]. King of Ireland. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 914 of “Flann the son of Maelsechlainn…at Tailltin” after reigning for 38 years[12]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 916 of "Flann son of Mael Sechnaill king of Ireland”[13]. The Annals of Ulster record the death 25 May 916 of "Flann son of Mael Sechnaill son of Mael Ruanaid son of Donnchad king of Temair having reigned 36 years 6 months and 5 days…in the 68th year of his age”[14]. m ---. The name of Fland´s wife is not known. Fland & his wife had eight children:

i) MAELRUANAIDH (-killed 901). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 901 of "Mael Ruanaid son of Flann son of Mael Sechnaill, heir designate of Ireland" killed by “the Luigne i.e. by the sons of Cernachán son of Tadc and by the sons of Lorcán son of Cathal”[15]. m ---. The name of Maelruanaidh´s wife is not known. Maelruanaidh & his wife had two children:

(a) MAELSECHLAINN (-919 or 921). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 919 of “Maelseachlainn son of Maelruanaidh son of Flann”[16]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 921 of "Mael Sechnaill grandson of Flann, heir designate of Temair”[17].

(b) AEDH (-killed 949). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Aedh son of Maelruanaidh, royal heir of Teamhair” was killed in 949 by “Domhnall son of Donnchadh”[18].

ii) AENGHUS (-killed in battle Greallach-Eillte 911). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Aenghus son of Flann heir apparent to the sovereignty of Ireland” was mortally wounded in 911 at “Greallach-Eillte by Cernn son of Bernn” and died after sixty days[19]. m ---. The name of Aenghus´s wife is not known. Aenghus & his wife had one child:

(a) FEARGHAL . The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 948 of “Donnchadh son of Domhnall Ua Maeleachlainn heir-apparent of Meath…killed by his own kinsmen…by Fearghal son of Aengus”[20].

iii) CONAING (-killed in battle Cill-Mosamhog, near Dublin 17 Oct 919). The Annals of Inisfallen record the "battle of Áth Cliath” in 919 in which “Conaing son of Flann royal heir of Temuir” was killed[21].

iv) DONNCHAD (-944). The Annals of Ulster record a rebellion in 915 against "Flann son of Mael Sechnaill…by his sons Donnchad and Conchobar”[22]. King of Ireland 918.

- see below.

v) CONCHOBAR (-killed in battle Cill-Mosamhog, near Dublin 14 Sep or 17 Oct 919). The Annals of Ulster record a rebellion in 915 against "Flann son of Mael Sechnaill…by his sons Donnchad and Conchobar”[23]. The Annals of Ulster name "Conchobor grandson of Mael Sechnaill heir designate or king of Temair” among those killed 14 Sep 919 by “the heathens…at Duiblinn”[24]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death 17 Oct 917 of “Conchobhar Ua Maeleachlainn heir apparent to the sovereignty of Ireland” at the battle of “Ath-cliath…Cill-Mosamhog”[25].

vi) DOMNALL (-killed in battle Bruighean-Dachoga 921). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Domnhall son of Flann son of Maelseachlainn heir apparent to the sovereignty of Ireland” was killed in 919 by “his brother Donnchadh at Bruighean-Dachoga”[26]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Domnall grandson of Mael Sechnaill was…killed by his brother Donnchad, which was fitting” in 921[27]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 921 of "Domnall son of Flann royal heir of Ireland” killed by “his brother…Donnchadh son of Flann”[28]. m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had one child:

(a) DONNCHAD (-killed 948). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 948 of “Donnchadh son of Domhnall Ua Maeleachlainn heir-apparent of Meath…killed by his own kinsmen…by Fearghal son of Aengus”[29].

vii) MAELRUANAIDH (-killed in battle Tracht-Mugha 941). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 939 of “Maelruanaidh son of Flann, Tanist of Oileach…slain by Cinel-Conaill”[30]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 941 of “Maelruanaidh son of Flann heir apparent of the North” killed at “Tracht-Mugha”[31]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 941 of "Mael Ruanaid son of Flann, heir designate of Ailech…killed by the Cenél Conaill”[32], which suggests that both the entries in the Annals of the Four Masters relate to the same person.

viii) GORMLAITH (-948). The Annals of the Four Masters record the reactions of “Gormlaith daughter of Flann” to the battle of “Ath-cliath…Cill-Mosamhog” in 917[33]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 946 of “Gormfhlaith daughter of Flann son of Maelseachlainn, queen of Niall Glundubh…after intense penance in her sins and transgressions”[34]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 948 of "Gormlaith daughter of Flann son of Mael Sechnaill”[35]. m NIALL Glundubh King of Ireland, son of AEDH Finnliath & his wife --- (-killed in battle Cill-Mosamhog, near Dublin 17 Oct 919

ix) LIGHACH (-921, bur Cluain-mic-Nois). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 921 of “Lighach daughter of Flann son of Maelseachlainn and wife of Maelmithidh lord of all Breagh” and her burial “at Cluain-mic-Nois”[36]. m MAELMITHIDH Lord of Breagh, son of ---.

x) MUIRGEL (-Cluain-mic-Nois 928). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 926 of “Muirgheal daughter of Flann son of Maelseachlainn…at Cluain-mic-Nois”[37]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 928 of "Muirgel daughter of Mael Sechnaill”[38].

xi) AEDH . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of the Four Masters which record the death in 972 of “Muircheartach son of Aedh son of Flann Ua Maelseachlainn King of Meath”[39].

- KINGS of MEATH.

b) AENGUS (-7 Feb 915). The Annals of Ulster record that "Aengus son of Mael Sechnaill” was among those who defeated “a Northern army led by Niall son of Aed” in 914[40]. The Annals of Ulster record the death 7 Feb 915 of "Aengus grandson of Mael Sechnaill, heir designate of Temair”[41]. The latter entry presumably refers to the son of Maelsechnaill, as the latter´s known grandson named Aengus was already deceased at the time (see above). In addition, it is more likely that the “heir designate” would have been the younger brother of the ruling king, not his son, in accordance with observed succession patterns in Ireland.

c) [son . This son may have been one of the other sons of Maelsechlainn named above. m ---.] One child:

i) AEDH (-919 or after). The Annals of Ulster record that "Aed grandson of Mael Sechnaill” was blinded in 919 by “his kinsman Donnchad king of Mide”[42].

d) LIGACH (-923). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 923 of "Lígach daughter of Mael Sechnaill, queen of the king of Brega”[43]. Her husband is not named in the source. However, the text implies that her husband was living when she died, and Lorcán is named as king of Brega in the same source only two years later. m [LORCAN King of Brega, son of DONNCHAD & his wife --- (-925)].

e) MUIRGEL (-928). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 928 of "Muirgel daughter of Mael Sechnaill…in old age”[44].

DONNCHAD 918-942

DONNCHAD, son of FLANN King of Ireland & his wife --- (-942). The Annals of Ulster record a rebellion in 915 against "Flann son of Mael Sechnaill…by his sons Donnchad and Conchobar”[45]. King of Ireland 918. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Donnchadh son of Flann son of Maelseachlainn” defeated “the foreigners” in 918 at “Cianachta-Breagh (i.e. at Tigh-mic-nEathach)”[46]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the “burning of Ath-Cliath by Donnchadh son of Flann King of Ireland” in 934[47]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 942 of “Donnchadh son of Flann son of Maelseachlainn King of Ireland…after the 25th year of his reign”[48]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 944 of "Donnchadh son of Flann and of Conn his son”[49]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 944 of "Donnchad son of Flann son of Mael Sechnaill son of Mael Ruanaid son of Donnchad, king of Temair” after “spending 25 years as king”[50].

m firstly CAINEACH, daughter of CANANNAN & his wife --- (-927). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 927 of “Caineach daughter of Canannan and wife of the king of Ireland”[51].

[m secondly DER bhFáil, daughter of MAELFINNIA & his wife --- (-931). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 931 of "Der bhFáil daughter of Mael Finnia son of Flannacán, queen of Temair”[52]. The name of Der´s husband is not stated. However, Donnchad was “king of Temair” at the time of Der´s death. Not enough information is known about the chronology of Maelfinnia´s family to be able to test whether this is a reasonable hypothesis.]

m [thirdly] DUIBHLEAMBNA, daughter of TIGERNAN Lord of Breifne & his wife --- (-941). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 941 of “Duibhleambna daughter of Tighearnan lord of Breifne and wife of Donn-chadh son of Flann king of Ireland”[53].

Donnchad & his first wife had six children:

1. CONN (-killed 944). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 942 of “Conn son of Donchadh, heir apparent of the sovereignty of Ireland…slain by the men of Fearnmhagh”[54]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 944 of "Donnchadh son of Flann and of Conn his son”[55]. m ---. The name of Conn´s wife is not known. Conn & his wife had one child:

a) CARLUS (-killed 960). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 958 of “Carlus son of Conn son of Donnchadh…slain by the Norsemen”[56]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 960 of "Carlus son of Conn son of Donnchad…killed in Ath Cliath”[57].

2. DOMNALL Donn (-952). The Annals of the Four Masters record the deaths in 950 of “Domhnall Donn son of Donnchadh royal heir of Teamhair and Oebhinn daughter of Donnchadh”[58]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 952 of "Domnall son of Donnchad heir designate of Temair”[59]. m as her first husband, ---, daughter of ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. She married secondly as his second wife, Olav Sihtricson King of Dublin. Her marriages are confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach which record that “MaelSechnaill son of Domnall and Glún iarainn (Ironknee) son of Olaf, son of MaelSechnail´s mother” defeated “Domnall Clóen, son of Lorcán, and Imar of Waterford” in [981/82][60]. She must have been separated from her first husband and married again before her first husband died as her son named above must have been at least a young adult in [981/82]. Domnall & his wife had three children:

a) MAELSECHNAILL ([949/50]-Cró Inis of Lough Ennell 2 Sep 1022). His date of birth is estimated from the Annals of the Four Masters which record the birth in 925 of “Brian son of Ceinnedigh” (extremely unlikely date) adding that this was “24 years before Maelseachlainn son of Domnhall”[61]. The Annals of Tigernach record “the first expedition of MaelSechnaill the Great (“Moir”) from Dublin, when he broke and cut down the wood” in [973/74][62]. The Annals of Tigernach record the death of “Domnall mac Muirchertaigh” in [978/79] and the accession of “Mael Sechnaill Mor”[63]. King of Tara. High King of Ireland.

- see below.

b) MUIRCHERTACH (-killed 977). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 977 of "Muirchertach son of Domnall, royal heir of Ireland, and the son of Domnall son of Congal another royal heir…killed by the foreigners of Áth Cliath”[64].

c) DONNCHAD (-killed in battle [989/90]). Crown Prince of Tara. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Donchad son of Domnall crownprince of Tara” was killed in [989/90] by “the Clan Colmáin, that is, by Conchobar son of Cerball”[65].

3. OEBHINN (-950). The Annals of the Four Masters record the deaths in 950 of “Domhnall Donn son of Donnchadh royal heir of Teamhair and Oebhinn daughter of Donnchadh”[66].

4. CONCHOBAR (-killed 950). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 950 of “Conchobhar son of Domhnall Ua Maeleachlainn royal heir of Ireland…slain by his own tribe”[67].

5. FLANN (-940). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 938 of “Flann daughter of Donnchadh and queen of Oileach”[68]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 940 of "Flann daughter of Donnchad, queen of Ailech”[69]. Her husband is not named in the source. However, Muirchertach was king of Ailech at the time. m [MUIRCHERTACH, son of NIALL Glundubh King of Ireland & his wife Gormlaith (-killed in battle Ath-Fhirdiath 26 Feb 943)].

6. AENGUS (-943). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 943 of “Aenghus son of Donnchadh son of Flann, lord of Meath”[70]. It has not been ascertained whether Aenghus was ancestor of the later lords of Meath.

- LORDS of MEATH.

The precise relationship between the following persons and the main line of this family has not yet been ascertained:

1. MAELRUANAID (-killed 975). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Maelruanaidh God Ua Maeleachlainn, royal heir of Teamhair was…killed” in 975[71]. m ---. The name of Maelruanaid´s wife is not known. Maelruanaid & his wife had one child:

a) MAELSECHNAILL . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of the Four Masters which name “two sons of Maelseachlainn, son of Maelruanaidh, Ardghar and Ardchu, royal heirs of Aileach”[72]. m ---. The name of Maelsechnaill´s wife is not known. Maelsechanill & his wife had two children:

i) ARDGAR (-killed 1017). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1017 of “two sons of Maelseachlainn, son of Maelruanaidh, Ardghar and Ardchu, royal heirs of Aileach” killed by “the Cinel-Eoghain”[73].

ii) ARDCHU (-killed 1017). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1017 of “two sons of Maelseachlainn, son of Maelruanaidh, Ardghar and Ardchu, royal heirs of Aileach” killed by “the Cinel-Eoghain”[74].

2. CARRACH Calma . m ---. The name of Carrach´s wife is not known. Carrach & his wife had one child:

a) AENGHUS (-1016). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1016 of “Oenghus son of Carrach Calma, royal heir of Teamhair…of the cholic”[75].

3. MAELSECHLAINN . m ---. The name of Maelsechnaill´s wife is not known. Maelsechanill & his wife had one child:

a) MUIRCHERTACH . m ---. The name of Muirchertach´s wife is not known. Muirchertach & his wife had one child:

i) ROEN (-killed in battle 1027). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Roen son of Muircheartach son of Maeleachlainn, i.e. one of the Clann-Colmain, royal heir of Teamhair” won three battles in 1026 “over the men of Meath…the men of Breagha and…the foreigners of Ath-cliath”[76]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Roen O´MaelSechlainn king of Meath and crownprince of Ireland” won three battles against “the men of Meath…the men of Bregia and…the Foreigners” in [1024/26][77]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Raen Húa Maelsechlainn…king of the west of Meath” was killed in battle in [1027] by “Sitric son of Olaf”[78]. m ---. The name of Roen´s wife is not known. Roen & his wife had one child:

(a) MAELRUANAID (-killed 1041). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1041 of “Maelruanaidh son of Roen, royal heir of Teamhair…slain”[79].

MAELSECHNAILL 979-1022

MAELSECHNAILL, son of DOMNALL & his wife --- ([949/50]-Cró Inis of Lough Ennell 2 Sep 1022). His date of birth is estimated from the Annals of the Four Masters which record the birth in 925 of “Brian son of Ceinnedigh” (extremely unlikely date) adding that this was “24 years before Maelseachlainn son of Domnhall”[80]. The Annals of Tigernach record “the first expedition of MaelSechnaill the Great (“Moir”) from Dublin, when he broke and cut down the wood” in [973/74][81]. The Annals of Tigernach record the death of “Domnall mac Muirchertaigh King of Tara” in [978/79] and the accession of “Mael Sechnaill Mor”[82]. King of Tara. High King of Ireland. The Annals of the Four Masters record 979 as “the first year of Maelseachlainn Mor son of Domhnall son of Donnchadh son of Flann in sovereignty of Ireland”[83]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Brian son of Cennétig…and Mael Sechnaill son of Domnall king of Temuir” divided Ireland between them in 997 “Leth Cuinn to Mael Sechnaill and Leth Moga to Brian”[84]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Ragnall, son of Olaf, crownprince of the Foreigners” was killed in battle by “Mael Sechnaill the Great, son of Domnall, son of Donnchad, son of Fland…King of Ireland” at “Tara” in [978/79][85]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Tomar´s ring and Carlus´s sword were forcibly taken by MaelSechnaill son of Domnall from the Foreigners of Dublin” in [993/94], presumably referring to powerful symbols of power[86]. The Annals of Tigernach record the death in [1018/22] of “Mael-Sechlainn the Great son of Donnchad overking of all Ireland” at “Cró Inis of Lough Ennell in the 43rd year of his reign”[87]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Mael Sechnaill son of Domnall son of Donnchad overking of Ireland" died in 1022 “in the 43rd year of his reign and the 73rd of his age…2 Sep”[88].

m firstly MOR, daughter of DONNCHAD mac Cellach King of Ossory & his wife --- (-[984/85]). The Annals of Tigernach record the death in [984/85] of “Mor, daughter of Dondchad son of Cellach, and queen of Ireland”[89]. This passage does not name Mor´s husband. However, Maelsechnaill is the only person described in other passages in the Annals as king of Ireland at that time.

m secondly MOR, daughter of TAIDG maic Cathail maic Concobair & his wife --- (-[990/91]). The Annals of Tigernach record the death in [990/91] of “Mor, daughter of Tadg, son of Cathal, son of Conchobar, queen of Ireland”[90]. This passage does not name Mor´s husband. However, Maelsechnaill is the only person described in other passages in the Annals of Tigernach as king of Ireland at that time.

m [thirdly] as her third husband, GORMLAITH, widow of OLAV Sihtricsson King of Dublin and separated wife, secondly, of BRIAN Boroma King of Ireland, daughter of (-1030). Her third marriage is confirmed by the Annals of the Four Masters which record the death in 1030 of “Gormlaith daughter of Murchadh son of Finn, mother of the king of the foreigners Sitric, Donnchadh son of Brian king of Munster, and Conchobhar son of Maeleachlainn king of Teamhair”[91]. It is assumed that Maelsechnaill separated from Gormlaith as he is recorded with another wife before Gormlaith died.

m [fourthly] MAELMAIRE, daughter of OLAF Sihtricson King of Dublin & his wife --- (-1021). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1021 of “Maelmaire daughter of Amhlaeibh, wife of Maelseachlainn son of Domhnall”[92].

Mailschnaill & his [first/second] wife had four children:

1. DONNCHAD (-killed in battle 1012). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Donnchadh son of Maelseachlainn” was killed in 1012 fighting “Ualgharg Ua Ciardha lord of Cairbre and the son of Niall O´Ruairc and the men of Teathbha”[93].

2. CONGALACH (-killed in battle [1017]). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Congalach son of Maelsechlainn” was killed in battle in [1001/02] by the “Fir cell and Eili”[94].

3. DOMNALL (-[1017/18]). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Domnall son of MaelSechlainn son of Domnall and successor of Saints Findén and my Colmóc rested” in [1017/18][95]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1019 of "Domnall son of Mael Sechnaill, ex-layman, martyr and coarb of Finnián”[96].

4. FLANN (-1042). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1042 of "Flann son of Mael Sechnaill heir designate of Ireland…treacherously killed”[97]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1042 of “Flann son of Maelseachlainn Gott, royal heir of Teamhair” killed by “Conchobhar son of Maelseachlainn”[98]. m ---. The name of Flann´s wife is not known. Flann & his wife had three children:

a) AEDH (-killed 1021). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1021 of “Aedh son of Flann son of Maelseachlainn, heir to the sovereignty of Ireland” killed by “Ua Maighteachain one of the Feara-Bile”[99].

b) FLANN . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach which names “Aed son of Fland son of Fland son of MaelSechlainn crownprince of Ireland”[100]. m ---. The name of Flann´s wife is not known. Flann & his wife had two children:

i) AED (-killed 1021). Crown Prince. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Aed son of Fland son of Fland son of MaelSechlainn crownprince of Ireland” was killed in 1021 by “Húa Maigthecháin one of the Fir bili”[101].

ii) DONDCHAD (-killed 1036). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Donnchad son of Flaind crownprince of Tara” was killed in 1036 by “the men of Brefne”[102].

iii) MURCHAD (-killed Kells 1076). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "the son of Flann Ua Mail Shechnaill was…slain” in 1076 by “the grandson of Maelán Ua Leocháin in the bellhouse of Cenannas”, adding that the latter was killed “within two months for the honour of Colum Cille”[103]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Murchad, grandson of Fland Húa MaelSechlainn” was killed in 1076 by “Olaf, son of Maelán king of the Gallenga in the bellhouse of the Kells” and “straightway…Olaf…was killed by Mael-Sechlainn son of Conchobar”[104].

c) GORMLAITH (-1046). The Annals of Tigernach record the death in 1046 of “Gormlaith daughter of Fland son of MaelSechlainn…in her old age”[105].

Mailsechnaill & his [third] wife had [two] children:

5. CONCHOBAR Húa MaelSechlainn (-killed 1073). His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of the Four Masters which record the death in 1030 of “Gormlaith daughter of Murchadh son of Finn, mother of the king of the foreigners Sitric, Donnchadh son of Brian king of Munster, and Conchobhar son of Maeleachlainn king of Teamhair”[106]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1042 of “Flann son of Maelseachlainn Gott, royal heir of Teamhair” killed by “Conchobhar son of Maelseachlainn”[107]. King of Tara. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Conchobar Húa MaelSechlainn king of Tara” was killed in 1073 by “his own brother´s son Muirchertach Húa MaelSechlainn”[108]. m ---. The name of Conchobar´s wife is not known. Conchobar & his wife had one child:

a) MAELSECHLAINN . King of Tara. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "the son of Conchobair Ua Mail Sechnaill (king of Temuir), Gofraid grandson of Ragnall king of Áth Cliath, and Domnall son of Gilla Pátraic king of Osraige…submitted to Tairdelbach Ua Briain king of Mum” in 1072 and “gave acknowledgement and high-kingship to him”[109]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Murchad, grandson of Fland Húa MaelSechlainn” was killed in 1076 by “Olaf, son of Maelán king of the Gallenga in the bellhouse of the Kells” and “straightway…Olaf…was killed by Mael-Sechlainn son of Conchobar”[110].

6. son . It is not certain that this son was also born from Mailsechnaill´s [third] marriage. m ---. One child:

a) MUIRCHERTACH . The Annals of Tigernach record that “Conchobar Húa MaelSechlainn king of Tara” was killed in 1073 by “his own brother´s son Muirchertach Húa MaelSechlainn”[111].

1. FLANN . m ---. The name of Fland´s wife is not known. Fland & his wife had two children:

a) DOMNALL (-killed 1094). King of Tara. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Domnall the son of Fland Húa MaelSechlainn king of Tara” was killed in 1094 by “the Luigni of Meath”[112].

b) DONNCHAD . The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Donnchadh son of Flann Ua Mail Shechnaill king of western Mide submitted to Muirchertach Ua Briain” in 1095 and “received from him twenty ingots of gold as a stipend”[113].

B. KINGS of IRELAND (Ua NIALL)

AEDH -879, NIALL 916-919

1. NIALL . m ---. The name of Niall´s wife is not known. Niall & his wife had one child:

a) AEDH Finnliath (-Druimm Inasclainn 20 Nov 879). King of Ireland. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 879 of "Aed son of Niall king of Temuir”[114]. The Annals of Ulster record the death 20 Nov 879 of "Aed son of Niall king of Temair…at Druimm Inasclainn in the territory of Conaille"[115]. m ---. The name of Aedh´s wife is not known. Aedh & his wife had four children:

i) DOMNALL (-after 911). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Domnall son of Aed king of Ailech assumed the pilgrim´s staff” in 911 and that “Niall son of Aed took the kingship after him”[116].

ii) NIALL Glundubh (-killed in battle Cill-Mosamhog, near Dublin 14 Sep or 17 Oct 919). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Domnall son of Aed king of Ailech assumed the pilgrim´s staff” in 911 and that “Niall son of Aed took the kingship after him”[117]. King of Ireland 916. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Niall son of Aed took the kingship of Temuir” in 916[118]. The Annals of the Four Masters record 915 as “the first year of Niall Glundubh son of Aedh Finnliath over Ireland in sovereignty”[119]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death 17 Oct 917 of “Niall Glundubh son of Aedh Finnliath king of Ireland” at the battle of “Ath-cliath…Cill-Mosamhog”[120]. The Annals of Ulster name "Niall Glúndub son of Aed, king of Ireland” among those killed 14 Sep 919 by “the heathens…at Duiblinn”[121]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the "battle of Áth Cliath” in 919 in which “Niall Glúndub son of Aed king of Ireland” was killed[122]. m GORMLAITH, daughter of FLANN King of Ireland & his wife --- (-948). The Annals of the Four Masters record the reactions of “Gormlaith daughter of Flann” to the battle of “Ath-cliath…Cill-Mosamhog” in 917[123]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 946 of “Gormfhlaith daughter of Flann son of Maelseachlainn, queen of Niall Glundubh…after intense penance in her sins and transgressions”[124]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 948 of "Gormlaith daughter of Flann son of Mael Sechnaill”[125]. Niall & his wife had three children:

(a) MUIRCHERTACH (-killed in battle Ath-Fhirdiath 26 Mar 943). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Muircheartach son of Niall” defeated “the foreigners” in 919[126].

- see below.

(b) CONAING (-937). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Conaing son of Niall and the foreigners of Loch Eathach” won a battle “over the province of Ulidia” in 931[127]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 937 of "Conaing son of Niall”[128]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 937 of "Conaing son of Niall, heir designate of Ireland”[129]. m ---. The name of Conaing´s wife is not known. Conaing & his wife had one child:

(1) FERGAL (-937). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 937 of "Ferga son of Conaing, king of Ailech”[130].

(c) MAEL MUIRE (-966). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 966 of "Mael Muire daughter of Niall son of Aed”[131].

iii) DOMNALL . m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had two children:

(a) DONNCHAD (-killed 928). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 928 of "Donnchad son of Domnall son of Aed…killed by the Norsemen”[132].

(b) FERGAL (-after 933). The Annals of Ulster record that "Fergal son of Domnall son of Aed and Sicfrith son of Uathmarán, the son of Domnall´s daughter” defeated “Muirchertach son of Niall” in 933[133].

(1) SICFRITH (-after 933). The Annals of Ulster record that "Fergal son of Domnall son of Aed and Sicfrith son of Uathmarán, the son of Domnall´s daughter” defeated “Muirchertach son of Niall” in 933[134].

iv) EITHNE (-916). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 916 of “Eithne daughter of Aedh son of Niall, queen of the men of Breagh…on the festival day of St Martin”[135].

DOMNALL 955-978

MUIRCHERTACH, son of NIALL Glundubh King of Ireland & his wife Gormlaith (-killed in battle Ath-Fhirdiath 26 Feb 943). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Muircheartach son of Niall” defeated “the foreigners” in 919[136]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Donnchadh king of Ireland” fought “Muircheartach son of Niall Glundubh lord of Oileach” in 936 but they were reconciled and jointly “lay siege to the foreigners of Ath-Cliath”[137]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death 26 Mar 941 of “Muirchertach of the Leather Cloaks, son of Niall Glundubh, lord of Aileach…slain at Ath-Fhirdiath” by “Blacaire son of Godfrey lord of the foreigners”[138]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 943 of "Muirchertach son of Niall royal heir of Ireland at the hands of the heathens”[139]. The Annals of Ulster record the death 26 Feb 943 of "Muirchertach son of Niall, i.e. Muirchertach of the Leather Cloaks, king of Ailech” killed “by Blacair son of Gothfrith king of the foreigners at Glas Liatháin beside Cluain Chaín in Fir Rois”[140].

m [FLANN, daughter of DONNCHAD King of Ireland & his wife --- (-940). The name of Muirchertach´s wife is not known. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 938 of “Flann daughter of Donnchadh and queen of Oileach”[141]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 940 of "Flann daughter of Donnchad, queen of Ailech”[142]. Her husband is not named in the source. However, Muirchertach was king of Ailech at the time.]

Muirchertach & his wife had two children:

1. DOMNALL (-Ard-Macha [978/80]). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Domhnall Ua Neill, the son of Muircheartach, son of Niall Glundubb and…his brother” defeated “the foreigners of Loch-Eathach” and killed their king in 943[143]. King of Ireland. The Annals of the Four Masters record 955 as “the first year of Domhnall son of Muircheartach in sovereignty over Ireland”[144]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 978 of “Domhnall son of Muircheartach, of the Leather Cloaks, son of Niall Glundubh” at “Ard-Macha” after reigning for 24 years[145]. The Annals of Tigernach record the death of “Domnall mac Muirchertaigh King of Tara” in [978/79] and the accession of “Mael Sechnaill Mor”[146]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 980 of "Domnall Ua Néill king of Temuir”[147]. m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had two children:

a) MUIRCHERTACH (-killed 977). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Muirchertach son of Domnall, king of Aileach, and son of the king of Ireland” plundered “Lughmadagh and Druim-Inesclainn” in 968[148]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Muircheartach son of Domhnall Ua Neill, and Conghalach son of Domhnall son of Conghalach, two heirs to the monarchy of Ireland” were killed in 975 by “Amhlaeibh son of Sitric”[149]. The Annals of Ulster record the same event in 977[150]. m ---. The name of Muirchertach´s wife is not known. Muirchertach & his wife had one child:

i) FLAITHBERTACH (977-after 1031). The Annals of Ulster record the birth in 977 of “Flaithbertach son of Muirtertach”[151]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Flaithbheartach son of Muircheartach, lord of Aileach” made “a great prey…in Conaille-Muirtheimne” in 1005 but was stopped by “Maelseachlainn king of Teamhaire”[152]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Flaithbheartach son of Muircheartach O´Neill and his son Aedh” plundered “Inis-Eoghain” in 1031[153]. m ---. The name of Flaithbertach´s wife is not known. Flaithbertach & his wife had two children:

(a) AEDH (-30 Nov 1033). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Flaithbheartach son of Muircheartach O´Neill and his son Aedh” plundered “Inis-Eoghain” in 1031[154]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1033 of “Aedh son of Flaithbheartach Ua Neill, lord of Oileach, and heir to the sovereignty of Ireland” on “the night of St Andrew´s festival”[155].

(b) MUIREDACH (-killed 1039). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1039 of “Muireadhach son of Flaithbheartach Ua Neill…slain by the Ui-Labhradha”[156].

b) AEDH ([974/75]-killed in battle Craebh-tulcha 1004). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Aedh son of Domhnall Ua Neill heir apparent to the sovereignty of Ireland and Eochaidh son of Ardgar king of Ulidia” opposed “Brian and Maelseachlainn…[at] Dun-Dealgan in Conaille-Muirtheimhne” in 1001[157]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Aedh son of Domhnall Ua Neill, lord of Oileach” was killed in 1003 at “the battle of Craebh-tulcha between the Ulidians and the Cinel-Eoghain”, adding that he died “in the 15th year of his reign and the 29th of his age”[158]. m ---. The name of Aedh´s wife is not known. Aedh & his wife had two children:

i) MUIRCHERTACH (-killed 1012). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Muircheartach son of Aedh O´Neill” was killed in 1012 by “the Dail-Riada”[159].

ii) DOMNALL (-killed 1024). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1024 of “Domhnall son of Aedh royal heir of Aileach” killed by “Gillamura son of Ogan”[160].

2. FLAITHBERTACH (-949). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 947 of “Flaithbheartach son of Muircheartach son of Niall Glun-dubh…slain by the Cinel-Conaill”[161]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 949 of "Flaithbertach son of Muirtertach son of Niall”[162]. m ---. The name of Flaithbertach´s wife is not known. Flaithbertach & his wife had one child:

a) MURCHAD (-Dun-Cloitighe 972). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Cathal son of Tadhg king of Connaught” was killed in 971 in “the battle of Ceis-Corainn [against] Murchadh Ua Flaithbheartach i.e. Glun-Illar king of Aileach”[163]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Murchadh Ua Flaithbheartach…lord of Aileach” died at “Dun-Cloitighe” from wounds received during a “predatory excursion into Cinel-Conaill”[164].

C. KINGS of IRELAND (Ua CELLACH)

1. CELLACH . His ancestry is confirmed by the Annals of Ulster which name "Congalach son of Mael Mithig son of Flannacán son of Cellach son of Congalagh son of Conaing of Cuirrech son of Congalach son of Aed of Sláine king of Ireland”[165]. m ---. The name of Cellach´s wife is not known. Cellach & his wife had one child:

a) FLANNACAN (-896). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 896 of "Flannacán son of Cellach king of Brega…killed by the Norsemen”[166]. m DER bFáil, daughter of ---. The Annals of Ulster name "Mael Finnia…the son of Der bFáil”[167]. Flannacán & his wife had five children:

i) CONGALACH (-893). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 893 of "Congalath son of Flannacán heir designate of Brega”[168]. m ---. The name of Congalach´s wife is not known. Congalach & his wife had one child:

(a) AMALGAID (-beheaded 909). The Annals of Ulster record that "Amalgaid son of Congalach, heir designate of Brega, and Innéirge son of Mael Teimin, a religious layman” were beheaded in 909 by “the Conaille of Muirtheimne”[169].

ii) CELLACH (-895). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 895 of "Cellach son of Flannacán heir designate of Brega” killed by “Fogartach son of Tolarg”[170].

iii) CINAED (-896). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 896 of "Cinaed son of Flannacán heir designate of Brega”[171].

iv) MAELFINNIA (-903). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 903 of "Mael Finnia son of Flannacán king of Brega, a religious layman”[172]. m ---. The name of Maelfinnia´s wife is not known. Maelfinnia & his wife had one child:

(a) DER bhFáil (-931). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 931 of "Der bhFáil daughter of Mael Finnia son of Flannacán, queen of Temair”[173]. The name of Der´s husband is not stated. However, Donnchad was “king of Temair” at the time of Der´s death. Not enough information is known about the chronology of Maelfinnia´s family to be able to test whether this is a reasonable hypothesis. m [as his second wife, DONNCHAD King of Ireland, son of FLANN King of Ireland & his wife --- (-942)].

v) MAELMITHIGH (-killed in battle Cill-Mosamhog, near Dublin 14 Sep or 17 Oct 919). The Annals of Inisfallen record the "battle of Áth Cliath” in 919 in which “Mael Mithig son of Flannacán king of the men of Brega” was killed[174].

- see below.

CONGALACH 943-956

MAELMITHIGH, son of FLANNACAN & his wife --- (-killed in battle Cill-Mosamhog, near Dublin 14 Sep or 17 Oct 919). The Annals of Ulster record that "Mael Mithig son of Flannacán, king of Cnogba went over to the heathens” in 918 “with a view to defending northern Brega…which availed him not at all”[175]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the "battle of Áth Cliath” in 919 in which “Mael Mithig son of Flannacán king of the men of Brega” was killed[176]. The Annals of Ulster name "Mael Mithig son of Flannacán king of Brega” among those killed 14 Sep 919 by “the heathens…at Duiblinn”[177].

Maelmithigh & his wife had one child:

1. CONGALACH (-killed Tech Giurann, Leinster 956). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Conghalach son of Maelmithigh, heir apparent to the sovereignty of Ireland, Braen son of Maelmordha, king of Leinster, Ceallach, son of Faelan, heir of Leinster” destroyed Dublin in 942[178]. King of Ireland 943. The Annals of the Four Masters record 943 as “the first year of Conghalach son of Maelmithigh in sovereignty over Ireland”[179]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 956 of "Congalach son of Mael Mithig son of Flannacán son of Cellach son of Congalagh son of Conaing of Cuirrech son of Congalach son of Aed of Sláine king of Ireland” killed “by the foreigners of Áth Cliath and by the Laigin at Tech Giurann in Laigin”[180]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Congalach king of Ireland" was killed in 954[181]. m EITHNE, daughter of FEARGHAL & his wife --- (-951). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 951 of “Eithne daughter of Fearghal Queen of Ireland, wife of Conghalach son of Maelmithigh”[182]. Congalach & his wife had three children:

a) MUIRCHERTACH (-killed 964). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 962 of “Muircheartach son of Conghalach son of Maelmithigh heir to the sovereignty of Ireland” killed by “Domhnall son of Conghalach”[183]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 964 of "Muirchertach son of Congertach son of Mael Mithig, heir designate of Temair” killed by “Domnall son of Congalach”[184].

b) DOMNALL (-killed [976/77]). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 962 of “Muircheartach son of Conghalach son of Maelmithigh heir to the sovereignty of Ireland” killed by “Domhnall son of Conghalach”[185]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 972 of “Muircheartach son of Aedh son of Flann Ua Maelseachlainn King of Meath” killed by “Domhnall son of Conghalach”[186]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 974 of “Domhnall son of Conghalach, lord of Breagha…named Triubhus Fliuch”[187]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 976 of "Domnall son of Congalach king of Brega”[188]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 977 of "Muirchertach son of Domnall, royal heir of Ireland, and the son of Domnall son of Congal another royal heir…killed by the foreigners of Áth Cliath”[189]. m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had one child:

i) CONGALACH (-killed 977). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Muircheartach son of Domhnall Ua Neill, and Conghalach son of Domhnall son of Conghalach, two heirs to the monarchy of Ireland” were killed in 975 by “Amhlaeibh son of Sitric”[190]. The Annals of Ulster record the same event in 977[191].

c) DONNCHAD (-killed 991). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 991 of "Donnchadh Ua Congalaig royal heir of Ireland…by Mael Sechnaill son of Domnall”[192]. m ---. The name of Donnchad´s wife is not known. Donnchad & his wife had one child:

i) DONNCHAD (-killed 1016). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1016 of “Donnchad son of Donnchad Ua Conghalaigh, lord of Breagha and royal heir of Ireland…slain by the men of Breagha themselves”[193].

d) DEARBHAIL (-1012). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1012 of “Dearbhail daughter of Conghalach son of Maelmithigh, daughter of the king of Ireland”[194].

2. DUNLAITH (-940). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 940 of “Dunlaith daughter of Maelmithigh”[195].

3. AEDH (-963). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 963 of “Aedh son of Maelmithigh…on his pilgrimage”[196]. m ---. The name of Aedh´s wife is not known. Aedh & his wife had one child:

a) MADUDHAN (-killed Tech Giurann, Leinster 956). The Annals of the Four Masters name “Conghalach son of Maelmithig King of Ireland…Madudhan son of Aedh son of Maelmithig…” among those killed in 954 (956) by “the foreigners of Ath-cliath”[197].

1. DONNCHAD . m ---. The name of Donnchad´s wife is not known. Donnchad & his wife had one child:

a) LORCAN (-925). King of Brega. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 925 of "Lorcán son of Dúnchad, king of Brega…in old age”[198]. m [LIGACH, daughter of MAELSECHNAILL & his wife --- (-923). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 923 of "Lígach daughter of Mael Sechnaill, queen of the king of Brega”[199]. Her husband is not named in the source. However, the text implies that her husband was living when she died, and Lorcán is named as king of Brega in the same source only two years later.] Lorcan & his wife had two children:

i) two sons (-killed 942). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 942 of "two sons of Lorcán son of Donnchad…killed by Congalach son of Mael Mithig”[200].

D. KINGS of IRELAND (Ua BRIAN)

BRIAN 1002-1014

1. BRIAN Boroma, son of CEINNÉITIG & his wife --- (-killed in battle Clontarf 23 Apr 1014). His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Ulster which record that "Brian son of Ceinnéitig son of Lorcán king of Ireland and Mael Sechnaill son of Domnall king of Temair" led an army to “Áth Cliath” in 1014[201]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Brian son of Cennétig…and Mael Sechnaill son of Domnall king of Temuir” divided Ireland between them in 997 “Leth Cuinn to Mael Sechnaill and Leth Moga to Brian”[202]. High King of Ireland 1002. It would appear that Brian´s high-kingship overlapped with that of MaelSechanaill as no record has been found that the latter resigned the position. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Brían Boroma regnat” in [999/1000][203]. The Chronicon of Mariano Scotti records that "Brian rex Hiberniæ" was killed "1014 IX Kal Mai"[204]. Orkneyinga Saga records that Sigurd Jarl of Orkney went to Ireland “five years after the Battle of Svoldur” to support “King Sigtrygg Silk-Beard” against “King Brian of Ireland”, and left “his elder sons in charge of the earldom”, but was killed in the battle in which King Brian was killed[205]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Brian son of Ceinnéitig son of Lorcán king of Ireland and Mael Sechnaill son of Domnall king of Temair" led an army to “Áth Cliath” in 1014, adding that Brian was killed in the battle[206].

TORDELBACH 1072-1086, MUIRCHERTACH 1086-1119

1. TORDELBACH, son of DOMNAILL of Munster & his wife --- ([1008/09]-Cenn Coradh 14 Jul 1086). King of Munster 1064. High King of Ireland 1072. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "the son of Conchobair Ua Mail Sechnaill (king of Temuir), Gofraid grandson of Ragnall king of Áth Cliath, and Domnall son of Gilla Pátraic king of Osraige…submitted to Tairdelbach Ua Briain king of Mum” in 1072 and “gave acknowledgement and high-kingship to him”[207]. The Annals of Tigernach record the death in 1086 of “Tordelbach Húa Bríáin king of the greater part of Ireland…in the 77th year of his age but in the 22nd of his reign” and of “his son Tadhg…in one month”[208].

a) MUIRCHERTACH (1048-10 Mar 1119, bur Killaloe). The Annals of Tigernach record the birth in 1048 of “Muirchertach Húa Bríáin king of Ireland”[209]. Snorre names "King Myrkjartan…a son of the Irish king Thialfe" when recording that he ruled over Connaught[210]. King of Munster. High King of Ireland 1086-1119. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Diarmait Húa Bríáin” seized the kingdom of Munster in 1114 when “Muirchertach Húa Bríáin” fell ill[211]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Murchertach Húa Bríáin king of Ireland” died in 1119 “in the sixth year of his tribulation” (presumably referring to his illness reported in an earlier passage) and was buried “in the church of Killaloe”[212]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1119 of "Murchach maximus rex Hiberniæ"[213]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1119 of "Muirchertach ua Brian king of Ireland…10 Mar”[214].

E. KING of IRELAND (Ua MAIL na mBó)

DIARMAIT 1053-1072

1. DIARMAIT, son of Mail na mbó & his wife --- (-killed in battle Odba 7 Feb 1072). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Diarmait son of Mael na mbó king of the Húi Cennselaig” plundered “Colomb cille´s Maein (Moone), Dísert Diarmata and my Senóc´s Mugna and Clonmore” in 1040[215]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Echmarcach son of Ragnall king of the Foreigners went oversea” in 1052 and “the son of Mael na mbó assumed the kingship after him”, adding in a later passage that “the son of Mael na mbó took the kingship of Dublin by force” in 1053[216]. King of Leinster. High King of Ireland. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Harold Godwinsson and his brother Leofwine, sons of Godwin Earl of Wessex, sought refuge with him in 1051 following the family's disgrace[217]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Diarmait son of Mail na mbó, king of Britons and the Hebrides and Dublin and Mug Nuadat´s Half [southern Ireland]” was killed in 1072 by “Conchobar Húa Mael-Sechlainn in the battle of Odba”[218].

F. KING of IRELAND (Ua CONCHOBAIR)

TORDELBACH 1118-1156, RUAIDRI 1166-1199

1. TOIRDELBACH, son of RUAIDRI Húa Conchobair & his wife Mor --- (1088-1156, bur St Ciaran). The Annals of Ulster record the birth in 1088 of "Tairdelbach ua Conchobuir king of Ireland”[219]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Domnall son of Ruaidri Húa Conchobair” was deposed “by the Connaughtmen” in 1106 and “his brother Toirdelbach the Great was made king”[220]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” assumed “the kingship of the Foreigners” in 1118 after expelling “Domnall of the Short Hands Húi Briaín”[221]. High King of Ireland. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record “a great hosting by Toirdelbach son of Ruaidri king of Ireland, as far as Aghaboe in Ossory” in 1125 “so that they gave him his full award in respect of the revolt which they had made against him”[222]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Enna son of Donnchad son of Murchad king of Leinster” died in 1126, after which “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair king of Ireland” was made king of Leinster, unsuccessfully challenged by “Cormac Mac Carthaig king of Desmond”[223]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair king of all Ireland and the Augustus of the west of Europe” died in 1156 “in the 68th year of his age in the 50th year of his reign” and was buried “beside S. Ciaran´s altar”[224].

a) RUAIDRI (-1199). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Muredach Húa Dubthaig…demanded from his father the liberation of Rúaidri, son of Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” in 1143 after he was taken prisoner “by Tigernán Húa Ruairc and by Conchobar his own brother”[225]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “the Foreigners” gave the kingship to “Ruaidri Húa Conchobair” in 1166 in Dublin[226]. High King of Ireland 1166. The Annals of Ulster record that "Ruaidhri Ua Conchubair was expelled by his own son…Conchobar Maenmhuide” in 1186[227]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1199 of "Ruaidhri Ua Concobair…son of Toirrdhealbhach Ua Conchubair, king of Ireland”[228].

1. NIALL Mac Lochlainn (-killed 1120). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1120 of "Niall son of Mac Lochlainn, royal heir of Ireland…slain by his own people”[229]. m ---. The name of Niall´s wife is not known. Niall & his wife had four children:

a) MUIRCERTACH (-killed in battle Tyrone 1166). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record “the consecration of the Temple of the Monks (at the monastery of Drogheda) by the clerics of Ireland…and Muirchetach mac maic Lochlann…” in 1157[230]. High King of Ireland. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Muirchetach son of Níall Mac Lochlainn overking of Ireland” was killed in 1166 by “the men of Brefne and Conmaicini and Oriel and Húa Ruairc´s army” in Tyrone[231]. m ---. The name of Muircertach´s wife is not known. Muircertach & his wife had [three] children:

i) [son . It is not known which of the sons of Muircertach was the father of Fingola. m ---. One child:]

(a) FINGOLA . The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that King Godred married “Phingola filia MacLotlen filii Murkartac regis Hiberniæ”, mother of his son, in a Christian marriage ceremony in 1176[232]. m (1176) GODRED King of Man, son of OLAV King of Man & his wife Aufrica of Galloway (-Isle of St Patrick, Isle of Man 10 Nov 1187, bur Iona).

ii) DOMNALL (-killed 1189). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1189 of "Domnall son of Muircertach Ua Lochlainn…killed by the Foreigners of Dal-Araidhe, amongst themselves”[233].

iii) MUIRCERTACH (-killed 1196, bur Daire of Colum-cille). The Annals of Ulster record that "Muircertach, son of Muircertach Ua Lochlainn, king of Cenel-Eogain and royal heir of all Ireland” was killed in 1196 by “Donnchadh, son of Bloscadh Ua Cathan, by counsel of all Cenel-Eogain” and buried at “Daire of Colum-cille”[234].

b) CONCHOBAR (-killed Armagh 1170). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “the kingship of the Kindred of Eogan was taken by Conchobar son of Níall Mac Lochlainn” in 1169[235]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Conchobar son of Mac Lochlainn king of the Kindred of Eogan” was killed in 1170 by “the sons of Cano in Armagh”[236].

c) NIALL (-killed 1176). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “the kingship of the Kindred of Eogan was taken by Niall Mac Lochlainn” in 1170[237]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Niall son of Mac Lochlainn” was killed in 1176 by “the Dál mBuinne”[238].

d) MAELSECHLAINN . The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record a “hosting by MaelSechlainn son of MacLochlainn and by the Kindred of Eogan and the men of Oriel” in 1176 when they attacked “the castle of Slane” and killed “Richard Fleming the Foreigner who was commander therein”[239]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Aed Húa Néill king of the Kindred of Eogan” was killed in 1177 by “Mael Sechlainn son of MacLochlainn”[240]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Mael-Sechlainn son of Mac Lochlainn and…Ardgal son of…that Mael-Sechlainn” killed “Aedh Ua Neill…´the lazy youth´ king of Cenel-Eogain for a time and royal heir of all Ireland” in 1177[241]. m ---. The name of Maelsechlainn´s wife is not known. Maelsechlainn & his wife had one child:

i) ARDGAL . The Annals of Ulster record that "Mael-Sechlainn son of Mac Lochlainn and…Ardgal son of…that Mael-Sechlainn” killed “Aedh Ua Neill…´the lazy youth´ king of Cenel-Eogain for a time and royal heir of all Ireland” in 1177[242].

2. [DOMNALL (-1121). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1121 of "Domnall son of Mac Lochlainn, king of Ireland, in Doire Coluim Chille”[243]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record the death in 1121 of “Domnall mac Mec Lochlainn king of the north of Ireland and the taker of Erin´s hostages”[244].] m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had one child:

a) MOR (-1122). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1122 of "Mór daughter of Domnall ua Lochlainn, wife of Tairdelbach ua Conchobuir”[245]. m as his [third] wife, TOIRDELBACH King of Connaught, son of RUAIDRI Húa Conchobair & his wife Mor --- (1088-1156, bur St Ciaran).

3. [CONCHOBAR . The Annals of Inisfallen record "a great raid by Conchobar son of Mac Lochlainn in Ulaid” in 1129[246]. The Annals of Inisfallen record "a battle rout of the Ulaid by Conchobar son of Mac Lochlainn and by the Cenél Eógain” in 1130[247].

4. [MAGNUS (-1129). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1129 of "the king of Ailech Magnus son of Mac Lochlainn”[248].]

Chapter 2. CONNAUGHT

A. KINGS of CONNAUGHT (Ua CONCHOBAR)

1. CONCHOBAR . m ---. The name of Conchobar´s wife is not known. Conchobar & his wife had three children:

a) MAELCLUITHE (-killed 923). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Maelcluithe son of Conchobhar heir apparent of Connaught” was killed in 921[249]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 923 of "Mael Cluiche son of Conchobar, heir designate of Connacht…killed”[250]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 923 of "Mael Cluiche son of Conchobar royal heir of Connachta”[251].

b) CATHAL (-925). King of Connaught. The Annals of Ulster record "Cathal son of Conchobor king of Connacht” among the victors in “the battle of Belach Mugna” fought 13 Sep 908 between “the men of Mumu, the Leth Cuinn and the Laigin in Mag Ailbi”[252]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 923 of “Cathal son of Conchobar king of the three divisions of Connaught”[253]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 925 of "Cathal son of Conchobar king of Connachta”[254]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 925 of "Cathal son of Conchobar, king of Connaught”[255]. m ---. The name of Cathal´s wife is not known. Cathal & his wife had two children:

i) DOMNALL (-killed 925). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Domnhall son of Cathal heir apparent of Connaught” was killed in 923 by “his brother Tadhg son of Cathal” and that “Tadhg assumed the place of his father”[256]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 925 of "Domnall son of Cathal with other distinguished men of Connacht…killed by his kinsman Tadc”[257].

ii) TADHG (-956). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Domnhall son of Cathal heir apparent of Connaught” was killed in 923 by “his brother Tadhg son of Cathal” and that “Tadhg assumed the place of his father”[258]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 956 of "Tadc son of Cathal king of Connachta”[259]. m ---. The name of Tadhg´s wife is not known. Tadhg & his wife had four children:

(a) CONCHOBAR (-973). King of Connaught. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 973 of "Conchobor son of Tadc king of Connacht"[260]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 973 of "Conchobar son of Tadc son of Cathal king of Connachta”[261]. m ---. The name of Conchobar´s wife is not known. Conchobar & his wife had one child:

(1) CATHAL (-1010). King of Connaught. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1009 of “Cathal son of Conchobhar king of Connaught…he was the grandson of Tadhg of the Tower”[262].

- see below.

(b) MUIRCHERTACH (-killed in battle Formaeil, Rath-beg 967). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 965 of “Muircheartach Ua-Taidhg royal heir to Connaught” killed in “the battle of Formaeil at Rath-beg”[263]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 967 of "Muirchertach Ua Tadc, heir designate of Connacht” killed in “the battle of Formaíl”[264].

(c) CATHAL (-killed in battle Ceis-Corainn 973). King of Connaught. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 973 of "Cathal son of Tadc…killed immediately after taking the kingship”[265]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Cathal son of Tadhg king of Connaught” was killed in 971 in “the battle of Ceis-Corainn [against] Murchadh Ua Flaithbheartach i.e. Glun-Illar king of Aileach”[266].

(d) MOR (-[990/91]). The Annals of Tigernach record the death in [990/91] of “Mor, daughter of Tadg, son of Cathal, son of Conchobar, queen of Ireland”[267]. This passage does not name Mor´s husband. However, Maelsechnaill is the only person described in other passages in the Annals of Tigernach as king of Ireland at that time. m as his second wife, MAELSECHNAILL King of Ireland, son of DOMNALL & his wife --- ([949/50]-Cró Inis of Lough Ennell 2 Sep 1022).

iii) MAELRUANIDH (-killed 928). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 928 of "Mael Ruanidh son of Conchobar…killed by Donnchad”[268].

2. AED Ua Dubda (-[982/83]). King of North Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Aed Húa Dubda king of the whole of the north of Connaught” died in [982/83][269].

1. MAELMHUAIDH . m ---. The name of Maelmhuaidh´s wife is not known. Maelmhuaidh & his wife had one child:

a) DOMNALL (-944). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 944 of “Domhnall son of Maelmhuaidh lord of Connaught”[270]. m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had one child:

i) CONCHOBAR (-[987/88]). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Conchobar mac Domnaill king of the Luigni of Connaught” died in [987/88][271]. m ---. The name of Conchobar´s wife is not known. Conchobar & his wife had two children:

(a) MUIRGUS (-killed in battle [986/88]). Crown Prince of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Dunlang, son of Dub da boirenn, crownprince of Munster [and] Muirgus, son of Conchobar, crownprince of Connaught” were killed in battle between the Munstermen and the Connacians in [986/87][272]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Muirgius son of Conchobar royal heir of Connachta” was killed in 988 by “Brian”[273]. m ---. The name of Muirgus´s wife is not known. Muirgus & his wife had one child:

(1) NIALL (-killed 1036). Crown Prince in the west of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Muirchertach Húa Flaithbertaig and Níall son of Murgus, two crownprinces of the west of Connaught” were killed in 1036[274].

(b) --- . m ---. One child:

(1) NIALL (-killed [1023/25]). Crown Prince of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Níall Hua Concobair crown prince of Connaught” was killed in [1023/25][275].

1. COSCRACH . m ---. The name of Coscrach´s wife is not known. Coscrach & his wife had one child:

a) RUAIDRI (-killed [991/92]). King of South Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Ruaidri son of Coscrach, king of the south of Connaught” was killed in [991/92] by “Conchobar son of MaelSechnaill, and by the son of Comaltán, grandson of Clérech”[276]. m ---. The name of Ruaidri´s wife is not known. Ruaidri & his wife had [one possible child]:

i) [CATHAL (-1043). King of West Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Cathal son of Ruaidri king of the west of Connaught went on a pilgrimage to Armagh” in 1037[277]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Cathal son of Ruaidri king of the west of Connaught” died in 1043 “on his pilgrimage in Armagh”[278]. m ---. The name of Cathal´s wife is not known. Cathal & his wife had two children:

(a) AMALGAID (-1051 or after). King of West Connaught. The Annals of Ulster record that "Amalgaid son of Cathal king of the west of Connaught” was blinded in 1051 by “Aed ua Conchobuir”[279].

(b) GORMLAITH (-1063). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1063 of "Gormlaith daughter of Cathal son of Ruaidri…on pilgrimage in Ard Macha”[280].

CATHAL, son of CONCHOBAR of Connaught & his wife --- (-1010). King of Connaught. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1010 of "Cathal son of Conchobor king of Connacht"[281]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1009 of “Cathal son of Conchobhar king of Connaught…he was the grandson of Tadhg of the Tower”[282].

m ---. The name of Cathal´s wife is not known.

Cathal & his wife had [six] children:

1. [TADHG (-killed 1008). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1008 of “Tadhg Dubhshuileach son of the king of Connaught slain by the Conmaicni”[283]. The name of Tadhg´s father is not given. However, it is reasonable to suppose that he was Cathal who was king of Connaught at the time. However, this would mean that Cathal had two sons named Tadhg, which seems unlikely.]

2. [DUB Chablaig (-1009). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1009 of "Dub Chablaig daughter of the king of Connacht…wife of Brian son of Ceinnéitig"[284]. The name of her father is not given. However, it is reasonable to suppose that he was Cathal who was king of Connaught at the time. m [as his second wife,] BRIAN Boru, son of CEINNÉITIG & his wife --- (941-killed in battle Clontarf 23 Apr 1014).]

3. TADHG “of the White Steed” (-killed 1030). King of Connaught. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Aedh O´Ruairc, the son of Sen-Fearghal, lord of Breifne and royal heir of Connaught” was killed in 1014 by “Tadhg of the White Steed, son of Cathal, son of Conchobhar, King of Connaught” at “Loch-Neill in Magh-Aei, in revenge of Domnhall his brother”[285]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Tadg son of Cathal son of Conchobar king of Connaught” killed “Domnall Húa hEagra king of the Luigne” in [1021/23][286]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Tadhg son of Cathal son of Conchobar king of Connaught” was killed in 1030 “Húa MailRuanaig king of Crumthann and by the Clan Coscraid including Ecsaide Húa Cathluain”[287]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death of “Tadhg of the White Steed Ua Conchobhair, king of Connaught” killed by “the Gott, i.e. Maelseachlainn grandson of Maelruanaidh, lord of Meath and Cremthainne”[288]. m ---. The name of Tadhg´s wife is not known. Tadhg & his wife had [two] children:

a) [son “Sleganach” (-killed 1014). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “the son of the King of Connaught, i.e. Sleghanach” was killed in 1014 when the army of “Maelseachlainn, Ua Neill, and Ua Maeldoraidh” was attacked while they were plundering “Ui-Cennsealagh”[289].]

b) DEARBHAIL (-[1009/10]). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1009 of “Dearbhail daughter of Tadhg son of Cathal”[290]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1010 of "Der bFáil daughter of Tadc son of Cathal"[291].

4. DOMNALL “the Cat” (-killed 1012). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Domhnall the Cat royal heir of Connaught” was killed in 1012 by “Maelruanaidh Ua Maeldoraidh”[292]. Domnall´s parentage is confirmed by a later passage in the same source which records that “Aedh O´Ruairc, the son of Sen-Fearghal, lord of Breifne and royal heir of Connaught” was killed in 1014 by “Tadhg of the White Steed, son of Cathal, son of Conchobhar, King of Connaught” at “Loch-Neill in Magh-Aei, in revenge of Domnhall his brother”[293].

5. BRIAN (-killed [1025/29]). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Brian son of Cathal Húa Conchobar crownprince of Connaught” was killed by “MaelSechlainn Húa MaelRunaid king of Crimthann” in [1025/27][294]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1028 of "Brian Ua Conchobuir royal heir of Connachta”[295]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1029 of "Brian ua Conchobuir heir designate of Connacht…killed by his own people”[296].

6. CONCHOBAR (-after 1029). Crown Prince of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Conchobar crownprince of Connaught” was blinded in 1029 “(by Tadg Hua Conchobair)”[297]. m ---. The name of Conchobar´s wife is not known. Conchobar & his wife had one child:

a) TADHG “in eich gil/of the White Horse” . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) which record that “Flaithbertach Húa Flaithbertaig went into his patrimony to Aed of the Gapped Spear, son of Tadg of the White Horse, grandson of Conchobar, and the kingship of Connaught was taken by him” in 1097[298].

- see below.

1. DONNCHAD . m ---. The name of Donnchad´s wife is not known. Donnchad & his wife had one child:

a) DUB DAINGEN (-killed 1034). King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Dub daingen son of Donnchad, of the Húi Maini…the king of Connaught” was killed “by his own people” in 1034[299].

2. --- Ua Con Cenainn (-killed 1037). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1037 of "Ua Con Cenainn royal heir of Connachta…killed after taking a prey from Brénainn”[300].

3. MURCHAD Liathanach Húa Concobair (-killed 1069). Crown Prince of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Murchad Liathanach Húa Concobair crownprince of Connaught” was killed in 1069 by “the Conmaicni”[301].

TADHG “in eich gil/of the White Horse”, son of CONCHOBAR Húa Conchobar Crown Prince of Connaught & his wife --- . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) which record that “Flaithbertach Húa Flaithbertaig went into his patrimony to Aed of the Gapped Spear, son of Tadg of the White Horse, grandson of Conchobar, and the kingship of Connaught was taken by him” in 1097[302].

m ---. The name of Tadhg´s wife is not known.

Tadhg & his wife had [two] children:

1. AEDH “in ga bernaig/of the Gapped Spear” Húa Conchobar (-killed 1067). His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) which record that “Flaithbertach Húa Flaithbertaig went into his patrimony to Aed of the Gapped Spear, son of Tadg of the White Horse, grandson of Conchobar, and the kingship of Connaught was taken by him” in 1097[303]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Donnchad the Red, son of Art Uallach Húa Ruairc crownprince of Brefne” was killed in 1039 by “Aed Húa Conchobar, that is Aed of the Gapped Spear, instead of his father”[304]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Aedh Húa Conchobair king of Connaught” blinded “Amalgaid son of Cathal son of Ruaidri king of the west of Connaught” in 1051 and “after that Aedh took up his abode in the west of Connaught”[305]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Ruaidri Ua Flaithbertaig banished Aed Ua Conchobuir from the West of Connachta and afterwards took…the kingship” in 1061 but was killed by “Ua Conchobuir”[306]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Ruaidri Húa Flaithbertaig” was killed by “Aed Húa Conchobair” in 1061[307]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “the men of Brefne surrounding Aed, son of Art the Proud, son of Aed, son of Fergal senior” ravaged Connaught in 1067 and killed “Aed of the Gapped Spear overking of all Connaught”, adding that “Aed Húa Ruairc” succeeded him “in the kingship of Connaught”[308]. m ---. The name of Aedh´s wife is not known. Aedh & his wife had four children:

a) TADHG (-killed 1062). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Tadg son of Aed Húa Conchobair” was killed by “the son of Aed son of Ruaidri” in 1062[309]. m ---. The name of Tadhg´s wife is not known. Tadhg & his wife had one child:

i) DOMNALL (-killed 1082). Crown Prince of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Domnall son of Tadg Hua Conchobair crownprince of Connaught” was killed by “Cathal son of Aed Húa Conchobair” in 1082[310].

b) RUAIDRI “na saidhe buidhi/of the Yellow Bitch” (-Cluain Moccu Nóis 1118). King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Ruaidri of the Yellow Bitch, son of Aed of the Gapped Spear…king of Connaught” was blinded in 1092 by “Húa Flaithbertaig and by Fogartach Húa Fogartaig” in 1092[311].

- see below.

c) CATHAL (-killed 1082). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Domnall son of Tadg Hua Conchobair crownprince of Connaught” was killed by “Cathal son of Aed Húa Conchobair” in 1082[312]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Cathal Ua Conchobuir, a royal heir of Connachta” was killed in 1082 by “Ruaidri Ua Conchobuir”[313]. m ---. The name of Cathal´s wife is not known. Cathal & his wife had one child:

i) AED (-1093). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Aed son of Cathal Húa Conchobair” was taken prisoner in 1092 by “Brian” and that “the kingship of the Sil Muredaig was given to Gilla na nóen Húa Eidin”[314]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Aed son of Cathal Húa Conchobair king of Síl Muiredaig” died in 1093 “in fetters through treachery”[315]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "the son of Cathal Ua Conchobuir who had been a prisoner…[at] Luimnech” was killed in 1093 by “the followers of Ua Flaithbertaig”[316].

d) DUB choblaith (-1088). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record the death in 1088 of “Dub choblaith daughter of Aed Húa Conchobair”[317].

2. [CONCHOBAR (-killed 1070). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Conchobar son of the Cleric Húa Conchobair crownprince of Connaught” was killed by “Húi Fallomain” in 1070[318].]

RUAIDRI “na saidhe buidhi/of the Yellow Bitch” Húa Conchobair, son of AEDH “in ga bernaig/of the Gapped Spear” Húa Conchobar & his wife --- (-Cluain Moccu Nóis 1118). King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Donnchad son of Brian” submitted to “Ruaidri Húa Conchobair king of Connaught” in 1059[319]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Ruaidri Ua Conchobuir king of Connachta was imprisoned by Tairdelbach and released” in 1076 and “he received from Ua Briain a stipend befitting him”[320]. The Annals of Tigernach record “the battle of Conachail (Cunghill) in Corann” in 1087 between “Ruaidri of the Yellow Bitch, son of Aed of the Gapped Spear, grandson of Conchobar, and Aed the son of Art the Proud, grandson of Ruarc, king of Connaught”, in which “Aed Húa Ruairc” was among those who were killed[321]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Ruaidri of the Yellow Bitch, son of Aed of the Gapped Spear…king of Connaught” was blinded in 1092 by “Húa Flaithbertaig and by Fogartach Húa Fogartaig” in 1092[322]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Muirchertach Ua Briain took the high kingship of Connachta” in 1092[323]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1118 of "Ruaidri ua Conchobuir king of Connacht for a long time on pilgrimage in the 26th year after being blinded”[324]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1118 of "Ruaidri Ua Conchobuir…in Cluain Moccu Nóis”[325].

m MOR, daughter of TORDELBACH Húa Brian & his wife Derborgaill --- (-1088). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record the death in 1088 of “Mor daughter of Tordelbach Húa Bríáin, wife of Rúaidri Húa Conchobair”[326].

Ruaidri & his wife had three children:

1. TADHG (-killed 1097). King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Tadhg son of Ruaidri Húa Conchobair king of Connaught” was killed in 1097 “by the Clan Conchobair and by his own men of trust”[327]. m ---. The name of Tadhg´s wife is not known. Tadhg & his wife had one child:

a) son . The Annals of Inisfallen record that "the son of Tadc Ua Conchobuir” killed “Echri Ua Maíl Maire king of Ciannachta” 18 Dec 1100[328].

2. DOMNALL (-1118). King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Domnall son of Rúaidri Húa Conchobair king of Connaught” went on raids “into Dalaradia” in 1103[329]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Domnall son of Ruaidri Húa Conchobair” was deposed “by the Connaughtmen” in 1106 and “his brother Toirdelbach the Great was made king”[330]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” banished “his brother Domnall Húa Conchobair” into Munster in 1114, recording in a later passage that he was captured “by the Húi Máini and delivered into Toirdelbach´s hands”[331]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record the death in 1118 of “Domnall son of Ruaidri Húa Conchobair”[332]. m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had one child:

a) DOMNALL (-killed 1150). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Domnall son of Domnall Húa Conchobair crownprince of Connaught” was killed in 1150 by “Rúaidri Húa Conchobair”[333].

3. TOIRDELBACH (1088-1156, bur St Ciaran). The Annals of Ulster record the birth in 1088 of "Tairdelbach ua Conchobuir king of Ireland”[334]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Domnall son of Ruaidri Húa Conchobair” was deposed “by the Connaughtmen” in 1106 and “his brother Toirdelbach the Great was made king”[335]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” assumed “the kingship of the Foreigners” in 1118 after expelling “Domnall of the Short Hands Húi Briaín”[336]. High King of Ireland. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record “a great hosting by Toirdelbach son of Ruaidri king of Ireland, as far as Aghaboe in Ossory” in 1125 “so that they gave him his full award in respect of the revolt which they had made against him”[337]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Enna son of Donnchad son of Murchad king of Leinster” died in 1126, after which “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair king of Ireland” was made king of Leinster, unsuccessfully challenged by “Cormac Mac Carthaig king of Desmond”[338]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair king of all Ireland and the Augustus of the west of Europe” died in 1156 “in the 68th year of his age in the 50th year of his reign” and was buried “beside S. Ciaran´s altar”[339]. m [firstly] ORLAITH, daughter of MURCHAD Húa Mael-Sechlainn King of Meath & his wife --- (-1115). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record the death in 1115 of “Orlaith daughter of Murchad Húa Mael-Sechlainn, wife of Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair”[340]. m [secondly] [as her second husband,] ---, widow of ---, daughter of ---. An indication of her first marriage is provided by the Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) which record that “Ruaidri Húa Conchobar” banished “Domnall Húa Bríáin” from Thomond into Ormond in 1175 and “gave the kingship of Thomond to the son of Murchad Húa Bríáin…his own mother´s son”[341]. It is chronologically more likely that Murchad was born from Ruaidri´s mother´s earlier marriage, considering that date of death of Ruaidri´s father. m [thirdly] MOR, daughter of DOMNALL Húa Lochlainn & his wife --- (-1122). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1122 of "Mór daughter of Domnall ua Lochlainn, wife of Tairdelbach ua Conchobuir”[342]. m [fourthly] TAILLTIU, daughter of MURCHAD Húa MaelSechlainn & his wife --- (-1127). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1127 of "Tailltiu daughter of Murchad ua Mael Sechlainn, wife of Tairdelbach ua Conchobuir”[343]. Toirdelbach & his --- wife had three children:

a) CONCHOBAR (-killed 1144). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair king of Ireland” left “his son Conchobar” as king there in 1126 after marching to Dublin and in the same year installed him as king in “Ballaghmoon” after deposing “the son of Mac Murchada”[344]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Murchad Húa MáelSechlainn” was deposed (again) and banished to Munster in 1143 by “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair king of Ireland” who appointed “his own son Conchobar mac Toirdelbaig…[as] king over Meath from the Shannon to the sea”[345]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Conchobar son of Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” was killed in 1144 by “the Húi Dublaich and the Fir Tulach…owing to a secret conspiracy of all the men of Meath…at Belach mune na sirrite (´the Pass of the Sprite´s brake´)”[346]. m ---. The name of Conchobar´s wife is not known. Conchobar & his wife had one child:

i) MURCHERTACH (-killed in battle Fardrum 1153). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) names “Murchertach son of Conchobar son of Toirdelbach” among those killed in 1153 by “Murchad son of Niall and by the North of Ireland and the Húi Briuin of Brefne” at Fardrum against “Ruaidri Húa Conchobair and the West of Connaught”[347].

b) AED (-1136 or after). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Aed, son of Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” was blinded in 1136 by “his own brother Conchobar and by Diarmait son of Tadg Húa MaelRuanaid”[348]. m ---. The name of Aed´s wife is not known. Aed & his wife had three children:

i) MAELSECHNAILL (-killed 1181). The Annals of Ulster record the "battle of the royal heirs” in 1181 in which fell “two sons of Toirrdelbach Ua Concobair…Briain of Luighni and Magnus, and three sons of Aedh, son of Toirrdelbach Ua Conchobuir…Mael-Secnaill, Muirethach and Muircertach and others”[349].

ii) MUIRETHACH (-killed 1181). The Annals of Ulster record the "battle of the royal heirs” in 1181 in which fell “two sons of Toirrdelbach Ua Concobair…Briain of Luighni and Magnus, and three sons of Aedh, son of Toirrdelbach Ua Conchobuir…Mael-Secnaill, Muirethach and Muircertach and others”[350].

iii) MUIRCERTACH (-killed 1181). The Annals of Ulster record the "battle of the royal heirs” in 1181 in which fell “two sons of Toirrdelbach Ua Concobair…Briain of Luighni and Magnus, and three sons of Aedh, son of Toirrdelbach Ua Conchobuir…Mael-Secnaill, Muirethach and Muircertach and others”[351].

c) TADHG (-1145). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “another son of Toirdelbach…Tadg” was appointed crown prince in 1144, but adding in a later passage that “Tadg, son of Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” died in 1145[352].

Toirdelbach & his [second] wife had one child:

d) RUAIDRI (-1199). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Muredach Húa Dubthaig…demanded from his father the liberation of Rúaidri, son of Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” in 1143 after he was taken prisoner “by Tigernán Húa Ruairc and by Conchobar his own brother”[353]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “the Foreigners” gave the kingship to “Ruaidri Húa Conchobair” in 1166 in Dublin[354]. High King of Ireland.

- see below.

Toirdelbach & his --- wife had eleven children:

e) CATHAL (-killed 1152). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Cathal, son of Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” was killed in 1152 in “the Calraige of Corann”[355]. m ---. The name of Cathal´s wife is not known. Cathal & his wife had one child:

i) DOMNALL (-killed in battle Fardrum 1153). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Domnall, son of Cathal Húa Conchobair” among those killed in 1153 by “Murchad son of Niall and by the North of Ireland and the Húi Briuin of Brefne” at Fardrum against “Ruaidri Húa Conchobair and the West of Connaught”[356].

f) MAEL-SECHLAINN (-killed 1154). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “his son Mael-Sechlainn” was killed in 1154 during a raid by “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair”[357].

g) BRIAN of Brefne (-1181). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Brian of Brefne son of Toirdelbach” was blinded in 1156 “by Ruaidri Húa Conchobair his own brother and by Diarmait son of Tadg”[358]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1184 of "Brian of Breifni son of Toirrdelbach Ua Concobair”[359]. m ---. The name of Brian´s wife is not known. Brian & his wife had one child:

i) son (-killed 1198). The Annals of Ulster record that "the son of Brian of Breifni, son of Toirrdealbach Ua Conchubhair” was killed in 1198 by “Cathal Carrach, son of Conchubar Maenmhaighe”[360].

h) daughter (-killed 1134). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Murchad Húa hEgra and his wife, a daughter of Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” were killed in 1134 by “Taichlech Húa hEgra”[361]. m MURCHAD Húa hEgra, son of --- (-killed 1134).

i) daughter (-drowned 1153). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Flaithbertach Húa Canannáin king of the Kindred of Vonall and his wife Dub-coblaig, daughter of Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” were drowned in 1153 on the sea[362]. m FLAITHBERTACH Húa Canannáin, son of --- (-drowned 1153).

j) DOMNALL (-Mayo 1176). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Domnall, son of Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair, son of the king of Ireland” died in 1176 at Mayo[363].

k) BRIAN of Luighni (-1181). The Annals of Ulster record the "battle of the royal heirs” in 1181 in which fell “two sons of Toirrdelbach Ua Concobair…Briain of Luighni and Magnus, and three sons of Aedh, son of Toirrdelbach Ua Conchobuir…Mael-Secnaill, Muirethach and Muircertach and others”[364].

l) MAGNUS (-killed 1181). The Annals of Ulster record the "battle of the royal heirs” in 1181 in which fell “two sons of Toirrdelbach Ua Concobair…Briain of Luighni and Magnus, and three sons of Aedh, son of Toirrdelbach Ua Conchobuir…Mael-Secnaill, Muirethach and Muircertach and others”[365]. m ---. The name of Magnus´s wife is not known. Magnus & his wife had one child:

i) DIARMAID (-after 1202). The Annals of Ulster name "Diarmaid son of Maghnus, that is the son of the brother of his father” among those who captured “Toirrdhealbach son of Ruaidgri son of Toirrdhelbach Ua Conchubhair” in 1202[366].

m) URAN . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Ulster which record that "Conchubar, son of Cathal, son of Uran, son of Toirrdealbhadh Ua Conchubair” drowned in 1190[367]. m ---. The name of Uran´s wife is not known. Uran & his wife had one child:

i) CATHAL . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Ulster which record that "Conchubar, son of Cathal, son of Uran, son of Toirrdealbhadh Ua Conchubair” drowned in 1190[368]. m ---. The name of Cathal´s wife is not known. Cathal & his wife had one child:

(a) CONCHOBAR (-drowned Loch Ribh 1190). The Annals of Ulster record that "Conchubar, son of Cathal, son of Uran, son of Toirrdealbhadh Ua Conchubair” drowned in 1190 when the ship of “Cathal Red-Hand Ua Conchobhair king of Connaught” foundered on Loch-Ribh[369].

n) MOR (-1190). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1190 of "Mor daughter of Toirrdhealbach Ua Conchubhair”[370].

o) CATHAL “Red-Hand” (-Cnoc-Muaidhe monastery 28 May 1224). King of Connaught. The Annals of Ulster record that "Conchubar, son of Cathal, son of Uran, son of Toirrdealbhadh Ua Conchubair” drowned in 1190 when the ship of “Cathal Red-Hand Ua Conchobhair king of Connaught” foundered on Loch-Ribh[371]. The Annals of Ulster record in [1200/01] the "expulsion of Cathal Red-Hand Ua Conchobuir” and “the coronation of Cathal Carrach in his stead”[372]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1224 of "Cathal Red-Hand Ua Conchobair king of Connacht and king of the Gaidhil of Ireland…in the Cistercian monastery of Cnoc-Muaidhe V Kal Jun”[373]. m MOR, daughter of Ua Briain & his wife --- (-1218). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1218 of "Mor daughter of Ua Briain, wife of Cathal Red-Hand Ua Conchobair"[374]. Cathal & his wife had one child:

i) AEDH (-killed 1228). The Annals of Ulster record that "Donnchadh Ua Eidhin” was blinded in 1213 by "Aedh son of Cathal Red-Hand Ua Conchubair"[375]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Ulster record that "Aedh son of Cathal Red-Hand took the kingship” in 1225 after "the sons of Ruaidri" were expelled from Connaught[376]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Aedh son of Cathal Red-Hand Ua Conchobair” was killed in 1228 "by the Foreigners in treachery after his being put away by the Connachtmen from themselves"[377].

RUAIDRI, son of TOIRDELBACH Húa Conchobar King of Connaught & his --- wife --- (-1199). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Muredach Húa Dubthaig…demanded from his father the liberation of Rúaidri, son of Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” in 1143 after he was taken prisoner “by Tigernán Húa Ruairc and by Conchobar his own brother”[378]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “the Foreigners” gave the kingship to “Ruaidri Húa Conchobair” in 1166 in Dublin[379]. High King of Ireland. The Annals of Ulster record "great war between Ruaidhri Ua Conchobair and his son…Concobur Maenmuighi” in 1183 and 1184[380]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Ruaidhri Ua Conchubair was expelled by his own son…Conchobar Maenmhuide” in 1186[381]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Ruaidhri Ua Conchubhair” left Connaught in 1191 “and went to the Cenel-Conaill”[382]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1199 of "Ruaidhri Ua Concobair…son of Toirrdhealbhach Ua Conchubair, king of Ireland”[383].

m ---. The name of Ruaidri´s wife is not known.

Ruaidri & his wife had ten children:

1. AEDH (-killed in battle Athlone 1159). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Aed son of Ruaidri” died in 1159 from a blow received at “a hosting by Ruaidri Húa Conchobair with the Connaughtmen…[at] Athlone”[384]. m ---. The name of Aed´s wife is not known. Aed & his wife had one child:

a) DONNCHAD (-killed in battle 1159). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) name “Donnchad son of Aed son of Ruaidri” among those killed in 1159 by “Murchertach son of Niall MacLochlainn with the Kindred of Eogan and Donnchad Húa Cerbaill and the men of Farney”[385].

2. CONCHOBAR Maenmhaighe (-killed 1189). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Ruaidri king of Ireland” sent “Conchobar, Ruaidri´s son” with “a hosting by Domnall Húa Briain” to attack the castle of Kilkenny in 1173[386]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Conchobar of Moenmag, son of Ruaidri Húa Conchobair was taken by force out of an island in Loch Cuan by Mael-Chulaird Húa Flaithbertaig and Cathal Húa Flaithbertaig and Gilla Beraig Húa Slúagadaig” in 1178 after being held “by his father a year in captivity because of his own improper deeds”[387]. The Annals of Ulster record "great war between Ruaidhri Ua Conchobair and his son…Concobur Maenmuighi” in 1183 and 1184[388]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Ruaidhri Ua Conchubair was expelled by his own son…Conchobar Maenmhuide” in 1186[389]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Ulster record that "Ua Diarmata Concobar Maenmhaighi…king of Connacht” joined forces with “Domnall Ua Briain king of Munster” to defeat “the Foreigners” in 1188[390]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1189 of "Conchobur Maenmaighi son of Ruaidhri arch-king of Connacht and royal heir of all Ireland…killed by his own minions by direction of his kinsman…Conchobar Ua Diarmata (son of Cormac otherwise son of Ruaidhri)”[391]. m ---. The name of Conchobar´s wife is not known. Conchobar & his wife had three children:

a) CATHAL Carrach (-killed 1202). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1189 of "Conchobur Maenmaighi son of Ruaidhri arch-king of Connacht and royal heir of all Ireland…killed by his own minions by direction of his kinsman…Conchobar Ua Diarmata (son of Cormac otherwise son of Ruaidhri)”, adding that the latter was killed by “Cathal Carrach son of Conchobar Maenmaighi in revenge of his father”[392]. The Annals of Ulster record that "the son of Brian of Breifni, son of Toirrdealbach Ua Conchubhair” was killed in 1198 by “Cathal Carrach, son of Conchubar Maenmhaighe”[393]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Ulster record in [1200/01] the "expulsion of Cathal Red-Hand Ua Conchobuir” and “the coronation of Cathal Carrach in his stead”[394]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Cathal Carrach son of Conchubhar Maenmuighe son of Toirrdelbach Mor king of Connacht” was killed in 1202[395].

b) MUIRCETACH of Tethbha (-killed 1204). The Annals of Ulster record that "Muircertach of Tethba son of Conchubhar Maenmhuighe son of Ruaidri Ua Conchubhair” was killed in 1204 by "Diarmuid son of Ruaighri and Aedh son of Ruaidhri, that is two brothers of his own father"[396].

c) MAIL-SEACHNAILL (-1220). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1220 of "Mail-Seachnaill son of Concubhar Maenmhuidhe Ua Concobhair"[397].

3. CORMAC . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Ulster which name "Conchobar Ua Diarmata (son of Cormac otherwise son of Ruaidhri)”[398]. m ---. The name of Cormac´s wife is not known. Cormac & his wife had one child:

a) CONCHOBAR Húa Diarmata (-killed 1189). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1189 of "Conchobur Maenmaighi son of Ruaidhri arch-king of Connacht and royal heir of all Ireland…killed by his own minions by direction of his kinsman…Conchobar Ua Diarmata (son of Cormac otherwise son of Ruaidhri)”, adding that the latter was killed by “Cathal Carrach son of Conchobar Maenmaighi in revenge of his father”[399].

4. TOIRDELBACH (-after 1225). The Annals of Ulster record that "Toirrdhealbach son of Ruaidhri Ua Conchubair” killed “Mail-Seachlainn Ua Neachtain and Gilla-Beraigh Ua Sluaigheadhaigh” in 1190[400]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Ulster record that "Tairrdhelbach son of Ruaidhri was crowned” at Carn-fraich in 1225 but was expelled[401].

5. daughter (-killed 1176). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1176 of "the daughter of Ruaidhri Ua Conchobair, wife of [F]laithbertach Ua Maeldoraidh…killed by the sons of Ua Cairellan”[402]. m FLAICHBERTACH Húa Maeldoraidh, son of ---.

6. MURCHADH (-1177 or after). The Annals of Ulster record that "the son of Ruaidhri (…Murchadh) Ua Conchobhuir” led “Milo Cogan…to Ros-Comain to destroy Connacht” in 1177 and was blinded by his father in revenge[403].

7. DIARMAID (-killed 1221). The Annals of Ulster name "Diarmaid son of Ruaidri Ua Conchobhair…the son of his own father” among those who captured “Toirrdhealbach son of Ruaidgri son of Toirrdhelbach Ua Conchubhair” in 1202[404]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Muircertach of Tethba son of Conchubhar Maenmhuighe son of Ruaidri Ua Conchubhair” was killed in 1204 by "Diarmuid son of Ruaighri and Aedh son of Ruaidhri, that is two brothers of his own father"[405]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Diarmuid son of Ruaidhri Ua Conchobhair” was killed in 1221[406].

8. AEDH (-killed 1233). The Annals of Ulster record that "Muircertach of Tethba son of Conchubhar Maenmhuighe son of Ruaidri Ua Conchubhair” was killed in 1204 by "Diarmuid son of Ruaighri and Aedh son of Ruaidhri, that is two brothers of his own father"[407]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Ulster record that "Aedh son of Ruaidhri and his brothers took the kingship of Connacht” in 1228[408]. The Annals of Ulster record that "Feidhlim O´Concubhair king of Connacht was taken prisoner by Richard de Burgh in Milic…and the kingship of Connacht reverted…to Aedh son of Ruaidhri Ua Conchobair again” in 1232 but that in 1233 he was killed[409].

9. DUIBESSA (-1229). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1229 of "Duibessa daughter of Ruaidhri Ua Conchobair wife of Cathal Mac Diarmata…a nun”[410]. m CATHAL Mac Diarmata, son of ---.

10. [ROSE (-after Aug 1224). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. In his report to King Henry dated 5 Aug 1224 following the capture of castle Trum, William Marshall Earl of Pembroke records that "the wife of William de Lascy, the daughter of Llewllyn, Griffin´s sister, the wife of Thomas Blund, William´s brother, and the mother of William, of Thomas, and of him that was killed" were in the castle, adding that "the mother…will be prisoner unless her nephew the king of Connaught return to the king´s peace through her"[411]. m as his second wife, HUGH de Lacy Lord of Meath, son of GILBERT de Lacy & his wife --- (-killed 25 Jul 1185).]

1. FEIDHLIM O´Concubhair (-after 13 Dec 1243). Letters of safe conduct were granted to "Fedelin O´Concainor son of the King of Connaught to come to England to confer with the king" by charter dated 13 Dec 1243[412].

B. KINGS of CONNAUGHT (Ua RUAIRCH)

1. FERGAL “Sen/Senior” Ua Ruairc (-killed [966/67]). King of Connaught. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 967 of "Ferga Ua Ruairc king of Connachta”[413]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 966 of "Fergal ua Ruairc…killed by Domnall son of Congalach king of Brega”[414]. m ---. The name of Fergal´s wife is not known. Fergal & his wife had one child:

a) AED (-[1014/15]). His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach which name “Art the Proud, son of Aed, son of Fergal senior”[415]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1015 of "Aed Ua Ruairc king of Bréifne”[416]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Aedh O´Ruairc, the son of Sen-Fearghal, lord of Breifne and royal heir of Connaught” was killed in 1014 by “Tadhg of the White Steed, son of Cathal, son of Conchobhar, King of Connaught” at “Loch-Neill in Magh-Aei, in revenge of Domnhall his brother”[417]. m ---. The name of Aed´s wife is not known. Aed & his wife had one child:

i) ART “Uallach/the Proud” Ua Ruairch (-killed 1046). His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach which name “Art the Proud, son of Aed, son of Fergal senior”[418]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Art the Proud (Uallach) Húa Ruairch king of Connaught” was killed in 1046 by “the kindred of Conall”[419]. m ---. The name of Art´s wife is not known. Art & his wife had two children:

- see below.

ii) NIALL . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach which name “Cathal son of Tigernán son of Niall son of Aed Húa Rúairc king of Brefne”[420]. m ---. The name of Níall´s wife is not known. Níall & his wife had one child:

(a) TIGERNÁN . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach which name “Cathal son of Tigernán son of Niall son of Aed Húa Rúairc king of Brefne”[421]. m ---. The name of Tigernán´s wife is not known. Tigernán & his wife had two children:

(1) CATHAL (-killed 1059). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Aed Húa Ruairc namely Aed son of Art the Proud” killed “Cathal son of Tigernán son of Niall son of Aed Húa Rúairc king of Brefne” in 1059[422].

(2) DOMNALL (-killed 1102). King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Domnall son of Tigernán Húa Ruairc king of Connaught and the Húi Bríáin and the Conmaicne for a time” was killed in 1102 “by the Munter Eolais”[423]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Tigernán Ua Ruairc´s son was…slain by his kinsmen” in 1102[424].

b) ART “Cailech/the Cock” . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach which record that “the king of Brefne Donnchad son of Art “the Cock” son of Fergal Senior Húa Ruairc…king of the east of Connaught” was killed in 1084[425]. m ---. The name of Art´s wife is not known. Art & his wife had one child:

i) DONNCHAD (-killed Monecronock 1084). King of East Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “the king of Brefne Donnchad son of Art “the Cock” son of Fergal Senior Húa Ruairc…king of the east of Connaught” was killed in “the battle of Monecronock” in 1084 by “Murchertach Húa Briain king of Munster”[426].

ART “Uallach/the Proud” Ua Ruairch, son of AED Ua Ruairch & his wife --- (-killed 1046). His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach which name “Art the Proud, son of Aed, son of Fergal senior”[427]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Art the Proud (Uallach) Húa Ruairch king of Connaught” was killed in 1046 by “the kindred of Conall”[428].

m ---. The name of Art´s wife is not known.

Art & his wife had three children:

1. DONNCHAD “Derg/the Red” (-killed 1039). King of East Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Donnchad the Red, son of Art Uallach Húa Ruairc crownprince of Brefne” was killed in 1039 by “Aed Húa Conchobar, that is Aed of the Gapped Spear, instead of his father”, adding that Donnchad was “king of the whole of the east of Connaught”[429].

2. AED (-killed Cunghill, Corann 1087). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Aed Húa Ruairc namely Aed son of Art the Proud” killed “Cathal son of Tigernán son of Niall son of Aed Húa Rúairc king of Brefne” in 1059[430]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Ruaidri Húa Flaithberaig” was killed by “Aed Húa Conchobair” in 1061[431]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “the men of Brefne surrounding Aed, son of Art the Proud, son of Aed, son of Fergal senior” ravaged Connaught in 1067 and killed “Aed of the Gapped Spear overking of all Connaught”, adding that “Aed Húa Ruairc” succeeded him “in the kingship of Connaught”[432]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record “the battle of Conachail (Cunghill) in Corann” in 1087 between “Ruaidri of the Yellow Bitch, son of Aed of the Gapped Spear, grandson of Conchobar, and Aed the son of Art the Proud, grandson of Ruarc, king of Connaught”, in which “Aed Húa Ruairc” was among those who were killed[433]. The Annals of Inisfallen record “a battle between the Connachta” in 1087 in which "the son of Art Ua Ruairc” was killed[434].

3. NIALL (-killed in battle Corann 1047). King of East Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record the death in 1047 of “Niall son of Art the Proud, descendant of Ruarc, king of Brefne and the east of Connaught” killed by “Aed Húa Conchobair in the Corann”[435]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1047 of "Niall Ua Ruairc king of Bréifne slain”[436].

1. --- “Mac na haidche/son of the night” Ua Ruairc (-killed Inis Locha Arbach 1053). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Cú chiar grandson of Maelduin, king of Lurg” was killed by “Mac na haidche (“the son of the night”) Húa Ruairc” in 1053 “in his own assembly”[437]. Crown Prince of Connaught. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1053 of "Mac na hAidche ua Ruairc heir designate of Connacht” killed by “Diarmait ua Cuinn” on “Inis Locha Arbach”[438].

C. KINGS of CONNAUGHT (UA FLAITHBERTAIG FAMILY)

1. RUAIDRI Ua Flaithbertaig (-killed 1061). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Ruaidri Ua Flaithbertaig banished Aed Ua Conchobuir from the West of Connachta and afterwards took…the kingship” in 1061 but was killed by “Ua Conchobuir”[439]. King of West Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Ruaidri Húa Flaithbertaig” was killed by “Aed Húa Conchobair” in 1061[440]. m ---. The name of Ruaidri´s wife is not known. Ruaidri & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [--- Ua Flaithbertaig (-killed 1065). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Diarmait son of Tadg Húa Cellaig and his son and Húa Flaithbertaig” were killed in 1065 by “Aed Húa Conchobair”[441]. [Two children]:

i) [FLAITHBERTACH Ua Flaithbertaig (-killed 1098). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) which record that “Flaithbertach Húa Flaithbertaig went into his patrimony to Aed of the Gapped Spear, son of Tadg of the White Horse, grandson of Conchobar, and the kingship of Connaught was taken by him” in 1097[442]. King of Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Flaithbertach Húa Flaithbertaig king of Connaught” was blinded in 1098 “by the Sil Muiredag in vengeance for the blinding of Rúaidri of the Yellow Bitch”[443]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1098 of "Flaithbertach Ua Flaithbertaig king of the west of Connachta…slain”[444]. m ---. The name of Flaithbertach´s wife is not known. Flaithbertach & his wife had one child:

(a) [MUIREDACH Húa Flaithbertaigh (-killed 1121). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Muiredach Húa Flaithbertaigh king of the west of Connaught” died in 1121, adding in a later passage that he was killed as part of the army of “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair” as it was marching southwards from Munster[445].]

ii) [AED Húa Flaithbertaig (-killed 1079). King of West Connaught. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Aedh Húa Flaithbertaig king of the west of Connaught” was killed by “Ruaidri Húa Conchobair” in 1079[446].

D LORDS of CONNAUGHT (de BURGH)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

WILLIAM de Burgh, son of --- & his wife Alice --- (-[1205/06]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 7 Oct 1234 which records payment of a fine by his son "Richard de Burgh" for return of land in Connaught which had been confiscated from him "the strife with Hubert de Burgh Earl of Kent his uncle"[447]. Lord of Connaught.

m ---. The name of William´s wife is not known.

William & his wife had one child:

1. RICHARD de Burgh (-Gascony before 17 Feb 1243). King Henry III ordered "Richard de Burgh to have seisin of all the lands which belonged to William, Richard´s father, in Ireland and whereof the latter was disseised by King John" by charter dated 14 Apr 1220[448]. Lord of Connaught. Justiciar of Ireland 1228-1232. Henry III King of England wrote to "Ricardo de Burgo", dated 13 Jan 1233, ordering him to surrender his castles to "fideli nostro Mauricio filio Geroldi justiciarum nostrum Hiberniæ"[449]. m as her first marriage, EGIDIA de Lacy, daughter of WALTER de Lacy Lord of Meath & his wife Margery de Briouse (-[22 Feb 1247/5 Nov 1248]). A charter dated 17 Dec 1243 mandated "Egidia who was the wife of Richard de Burgh her dower"[450]. A charter dated 22 Feb 1247 records the homage of "Richard son and heir of Richard de Burgh for all his father´s lands…in Ireland…saving the dower of Egidia, who was Richard´s wife"[451]. She married secondly Richard de Rochester. Her second marriage is confirmed by a charter dated 8 Oct 1249 which records that "the Dominican friars of London have shown to the king that Egidia, who was the wife of Richard de Burgh senior, received 180 marks in which Richard was bound to Hubert de Burgh late Earl of Kent and which the Earl had left by his will to the friars, and that Richard of Rochester who subsequently married Egidia wasted her chattels" and the order to restore property to the friars[452]. A charter dated 5 Nov 1248 mandates "Peter de Bermingham to cause dower to be assigned to Alice who was the wife of Richard de Burgh…son and heir of Richard de Burgh who died in the king´s service at Bordeaux" and to have dower "of all the lands whereof Egidia, who was the wife of the latter, was endowed"[453]. Richard & his wife had seven children:

a) daughter . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 20 Sep 1242 which records that "Richard de Burgh has intimated to the king that John de Marisco, who married Mabel Richard´s granddaughter, having been taken prisoner and disseised of his land by the king´s order", and that "Mabel was likewise disseised of the vill of Brunry her marriage portion and betook herself with her children to a house belonging to Richard and is living at his expense"[454]. The chronology suggests that this daughter must have been among her father´s older children, assuming that she was born legitimate from his known marriage. m HAMON de Valognes, son of --- (-before 17 Dec 1243).

b) ALICE de Burgh (-after 17 Feb 1243). A charter dated 17 Feb 1243 mandates "Aleys daughter of Richard de Burgh to have her dower, according to the law and custom of Ireland, out of the lands of Muriardach Hobren, in that country"[455]. The name of Alice´s husband is not known. The chronology suggests that Alice must have been among her father´s older children, assuming that she was born legitimate from his known marriage. m --- (-before 17 Feb 1243).

c) MARGERY de Burgh (-after 1 Mar 1253). A charter dated 3 Aug 1248 records security taken from "Margaret who was the wife of Theobald Pincerna…that she shall not marry without the king´s licence" and the assignment of her dower to her[456]. m (1242 or before) THEOBALD Butler, son of THEOBALD Butler & his first wife Joan du Marais (-bur Arklow 1248 before 3 Aug).

d) daughter . Inquisitions dated 28 Oct 1251 to 17 Mar 1252 as to the lands of "Gerard de Prendegast" record that he married secondly "the daughter of Richard de Burgh and by her had an only surviving daughter who at [17 Mar 1252] will be 10 years of age"[457]. m as his second wife, GERALD de Prendergast, son of --- (-before 28 Oct 1251).

e) RICHARD de Burgh ([1225/29]-[19 May/6 Nov] 1248). He succeeded his father as Lord of Connaught. A charter dated [Jul] 1245 records that "Richard de Burgh…is under age and in custody of the king"[458]. A charter dated 22 Feb 1247 records the homage of "Richard son and heir of Richard de Burgh for all his father´s lands…in Ireland…saving the dower of Egidia, who was Richard´s wife"[459]. m ALICE, daughter of --- (-after 5 Nov 1248). A charter dated 5 Nov 1248 mandates "Peter de Bermingham to cause dower to be assigned to Alice who was the wife of Richard de Burgh…son and heir of Richard de Burgh who died in the king´s service at Bordeaux" and to have dower "of all the lands whereof Egidia, who was the wife of the latter, was endowed"[460].

f) WALTER de Burgh (-Galway Castle 28 Jul 1271). A charter dated 27 May 1250 records the restoration "to Walter brother and heir of Richard de Burgh all the lands…of the latter in Ireland, saving Walter´s marriage"[461]. He succeeded his brother in 1248 as Lord of Connaught. In 1264 he exchanged land in Munster for land in Ulster with Edward, son of Henry III King of England, and was created Earl of Ulster around this time[462].

- EARLS of ULSTER.

g) WILLIAM de Burgh (-1270). m ---. The name of William´s wife is not known. William & his wife had one child:

i) WILLIAM Liath .

Chapter 3. DESMOND

A. KINGS of DESMOND

1. CORMAC . The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Cormac of Mothail took the kingship of the Déisi” in 897 and killed “Mael Bennachta”[463]. m ---. The name of Cormac´s wife is not known. Cormac & his wife had two children:

a) CELECHAIR (-killed in battle 941). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 941 of "Célechair son of Cormac king of the Déisi” killed by “Cellachán king of Caisel”[464].

b) FAELAN (-966). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 966 of "Faelán son of Cormac king of the Déisi”[465]. m ---. The name of Faelan´s wife is not known. Faelan & his wife had two children:

i) CORMAC (-killed 975). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 975 of "Cormac son of Faelán by the army of Mathgamain”[466].

ii) DOMNALL . m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had one child:

(a) DIARMAIT (-killed in battle Sliabh Cua 1031). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Diarmaid son of Domhnall son of Faelan, lord of the Deisi” was killed by “Muircheartach son of Brian in the battle of Sliabh Cua” in 1031[467].

2. TADHG Maic Carrthaigh (-Cashel 1124). King of Desmond. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Brian son of Murchad Ua Briain was slain by Tadc son of Mac Carthaig, the Desmumu, and the Uí Briain” in 1118[468]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Tadc son of Mac Carthaig accompanied by the Desmumu went to Osraige” and “Ua Gilla Pátraic king of Osraige submitted to him”[469]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "a grave malady afflicted Tadc son of Mac Carthaig” and “Cormac his brother took the kingship of Desmumu in his presence” in 1123[470]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Tadhg son of Mac Carthaig king of Desmond” died in 1124 “in Cashel after great repentance”[471], which suggests that he had been deposed earlier. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1124 of "Tadc son of Mac Carthaig king of Caisel”[472]. m ---. The name of Tadhg´s wife is not known. Tadhg & his wife had two children:

a) DONNCHAD (-after 1127). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "two sons of Tadc son of Mac Carthaig…Donnchad and Domnall…were banished to Connachta” in 1127[473]. It should be noted that the Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Donnchad, son of Taidhg Maic Carrthaigh, king of Desmond” died in 1123 “and his brother Cormac was made king”[474]. This contradicts the version of events recorded in the Annals of Innisfallen, which do not mention Domnall in 1123 and state that Cormac was the brother of Tadhg.

b) DOMNALL (-after 1127). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "two sons of Tadc son of Mac Carthaig…Donnchad and Domnall…were banished to Connachta” in 1127[475].

3. [CORMAC . The Annals of Inisfallen record that "a grave malady afflicted Tadc son of Mac Carthaig” and “Cormac his brother took the kingship of Desmumu in his presence” in 1123[476]. This contrasts with the Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) which record that “Donnchad, son of Taidhg Maic Carrthaigh, king of Desmond” died in 1123 “and his brother Cormac was made king”[477]. It should be noted that the Annals of Inisfallen refer to Donnchad, son of Tadhg, in 1127 which suggests that their version of the 1123 events should be preferred over the Annals of Tigernach. This would mean that Cormac was the brother not the son of Taghd, although it must be pointed out that the question is not without doubt. King of Desmond. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Enna son of Donnchad son of Murchad king of Leinster” died in 1126, after which “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair king of Ireland” was made king of Leinster, unsuccessfully challenged by “Cormac Mac Carthaig king of Desmond”[478]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Cormac son of Mac Carthaig king of Desmond was deposed by the Munstermen themselves” in 1127 and “he entered Les Mór”[479]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Conchobar Ua Briain and Tairdelbach his brother turned against Ruaidri´s son and brought Cormac out of Les Mór and gave him the kingship of Mumu” in 1127[480]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Cormac son of Maic Carrthaig” was killed in 1138 by “Toirdelbach Húa Bríáin his father-in-law, gossip and fosterer” (corrected to “son-in-law” in a footnote to the edition consulted)[481].] m ---. The name of Cormac´s wife is not known. Cormac & his wife had [three] children:

a) DIARMAIT Mac Carthaig . The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Donnchad son of Donnchad Ua Carthaig” was killed by “the son of Cormac Ua Carthaig” in 1163[482]. King of Desmond. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) name “Diarmait Mac Carthaig king of Desmond” among those who joined “a hosting by Ruaidri Húa Conchobair overking of Ireland” in 1166[483]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Diarmait Mac Carthaig king of Desmond” submitted to Henry II King of England in 1171 at Waterford[484]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Diarmait son of Cormac Mac Carthaig king of Desmond” was taken prisoner by “Cormac Liathanach his own son” in 1176, adding in the following sentence that he retook the kingship after his son was killed[485]. m ---. The name of Diarmait´s wife is not known. Diarmait & his wife had two children:

i) CORMAC Liathanach (-killed 1176). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Diarmait son of Cormac Mac Carthaig king of Desmond” was taken prisoner by “Cormac Liathanach his own son” in 1176, but adding in the following sentence that “Cormac Liathanach Mac Carthaig king of Desmond after deposing his father” was killed “by his own household and then the father took the kingship”[486]. King of Desmond.

ii) DOMNALL . The Annals of Ulster record that "Domnall son of Diarmait Mac Carthaigh” defeated “the Foreigners of Munster and Limerick” in 1196[487].

b) daughter . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) which record that “Cormac son of Maic Carrthaig” was killed in 1138 by “Toirdelbach Húa Bríáin his father-in-law, gossip and fosterer” (corrected to “son-in-law” in a footnote to the edition consulted)[488]. m TOIRDELBACH Húa Bríáin King of Munster, son of DIARMAIT King of Munster & his wife ---.

c) [MURCHAD . The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1168 of "Muircetach son of Toirrdelbach Ua Briain king of Dal-Cais…killed at Dun-na-sciath by the sons of Murchadh Mac Carthaigh king of Desmond”[489].

4. DONNCHAD (-after 1127). The parentage of Donnchad is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) which record that “the son of Donnchad Mac Carthaig” was killed “by his first cousin the son of Cormac” in 1164[490], confirming that Cormac and Donnchad were brothers. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Toirdelbach” divided “Munster into two” in 1127, “the southern half to Donnchad son of Mac Carthaig, and the northern half to Conchobar Húa Briain”[491]. However, the chronology of events at this time is far from clear, as the Annals of Inisfallen record that "Conchobar Ua Briain and Tairdelbach his brother turned against Ruaidri´s son and brought Cormac out of Les Mór and gave him the kingship of Mumu” in 1127[492]. m ---. The name of Donnchad´s wife is not known. Donnchad & his wife had [four] children:

a) DONNCHAD (-1163). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Donnchad son of Donnchad Ua Carthaig” was killed by “the son of Cormac Ua Carthaig” in 1163[493]. It is not known with certainty that Donnchad was the son of this Donnchad. He could also have been the son of Donnchad, son of Tadhg (see above).]

b) MAELSECHNAILL (-killed 1166). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Mael Sechnaill son of Domnall Ua Carthaig turned against Cormac´s son” in 1164[494]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that “the son of Domnall Ua Carthaig was banished to Laigin” in 1165[495]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1166 of “Mael Sechnaill son of Domnall Ua Carthaig…slain by Cormac´s son”[496]. m ---. The name of Maelsechnaill´s wife is not known. Maelsechnaill & his wife had one child:

i) CORMAC (-killed 1178). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1178 of "Cormac son of Mael Sechnaill son of Domnall Ua Carthaig…slain”[497].

c) DOMNALL (-killed 1164). The Annals of Inisfallen record that “Domnall son of Domnall” was killed when "Mael Sechnaill son of Domnall Ua Carthaig turned against Cormac´s son” in 1164[498]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “the son of Donnchad Mac Carthaig” was killed “by his first cousin the son of Cormac” in 1164[499].

d) [son . It is probable that this son was one of the sons named above. m ---.] One child:

i) MUIRCHERTACH (-killed Móin Cluana Cuarbáin 1178). The Annals of Inisfallen record that “Muirchertach grandson of Domnall Ua Carthaig” was killed in 1178 by “Ua hEtersceóil in Móin Cluana Cuarbáin and Hector”[500].

B. EARLS of DESMOND

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

JOHN FitzThomas, son of THOMAS FitzMorice & his wife Sabina [Sadhbh] (-killed in battle Callan 23 Jul 1261, bur Tralee Dominican Church, co. Kerry).

m MARGERY, daughter of THOMAS FitzAnthony, seneschal of Leinster & his wife ---.

John & his wife had one child:

1. MORICE FitzJohn (-killed in battle Callan 23 Jul 1261). m MATILDA de Barry, daughter of ---. Morice & his wife had one child:

a) THOMAS FitzMorice ([Apr 1261]-Knockainy, co. Limerick 4 Jun 1298, bur Tralee Dominican Church, co. Kerry). m (before 7 Feb 1284) as her first husband, MARGARET Berkeley, daughter of Sir THOMAS Berkeley Lord Berkeley (-after 4 May 1320). She married secondly (before 5 Apr 1299) Reynold Rosel [Russel]. Thomas & his wife had two children:

i) THOMAS FitzThomas (2 Apr 1290 or before-before 2 Apr 1309).

ii) MORICE FitzThomas (1293-Dublin Castle 25 Jan 1356, bur Tralee Dominican Church, co. Kerry). He was created Earl of Desmond in 1329.

- see below.

MORICE FitzThomas, son of THOMAS FitzMorice & his wife Margaret Berkeley (1293-Dublin Castle 25 Jan 1356, bur Tralee Dominican Church, co. Kerry). He was created Earl of Desmond in 1329.

m firstly (Greencastle 5 Aug 1312) KATHERINE de Burgh, daughter of RICHARD de Burgh 2^nd Earl of Ulster & his wife Margaret de Burgh of Lanvalley (-Dublin [1 Nov 1331]).

m secondly [MARGARET O'Brien, daughter of CONOR O'Brien of Thomond & his wife ---].

m thirdly (before 20 Apr 1344) AVELINE, daughter of [NICHOLAS FitzMorice of Kerry & his wife ---] (-after 14 Mar 1359).

Morice & his second wife had two children:

1. MORICE FitzMorice (Newcastle in Connello, co. Limerick 31 Jul 1336-drowned Irish Sea [20 Apr/5 Jun] 1358). He succeeded his father in 1356 as 2^nd Earl of Desmond. m (1350) as her first husband, BEATRICE de Stafford, daughter of RALPH de Stafford Earl of Stafford & his second wife Margaret de Audley (-13 or 14 Apr 1415). She married secondly (Royal licence 1 Jan 1359) Sir Thomas de Ros Lord Ros, and thirdly (before 20 Aug 1385) Sir Richard de Burley.

2. NICHOLAS FitzMorice ([1338/39]-). He was disinherited as an idiot.

Morice & his third wife had two children:

3. GERALD [Garrett] FitzMorice (-1398). He succeeded his half-brother in 1358 as Earl of Desmond. m (after 20 Jul 1359) ALIANORE Butler, daughter of JAMES Butler 1^st Earl of Ormond & his wife Eleanor de Bohun (-1392). Gerald & his wife had three children:

a) JOHN FitzGerald (-drowned 1400). He succeeded his father in 1398 as Earl of Desmond. m MARY, daughter of MAC-WILLIAM Burk & his wife ---. John & his wife had one child:

i) THOMAS FitzJohn ([1386]-Rouen or Paris 1420, bur Paris church of the Franciscans or church of the Dominicans 10 Aug 1420). He succeeded his father in 1400 as Earl of Desmond. He was expelled in 1418. m KATHERINE, daughter of WILLIAM MacCormicke & his wife ---.

b) ELLICE FitzGerald . m JOHN Barry Lord Barry, son of DAVID Barry Lord Barry & his wife --- (-[1420]).

c) JAMES FitzGerald (-Mocollop [1462/63], bur Youghall). He succeeded his nephew in 1420 as Earl of Desmond.

- see below.

4. JOHN FitzMorice (-1369).

JAMES, son of GERALD Earl of Desmond & his wife Alianore le Botiller (-Mocollop [1462/63], bur Youghall). He succeeded his nephew in 1420 as Earl of Desmond.

m MARY, daughter of ULICK MacRichard Burle & his wife --- (-1435).

James & his wife had three children:

1. THOMAS (-executed Drogheda 15 Feb 1468, bur St Peter´s Church, transferred to Dublin Christ Church). He succeeded his father as Earl of Desmond. m as her first husband, his cousin, ELLICE, daughter of WILLIAM Barry 8^th Lord Barry & his wife Ellen Roche. She married secondly Maurice Mor FitzGibbon. Thomas & his wife had three children:

a) JAMES (1459-murdered Courtmontresse near Rathkeale, co. Limerick 7 Dec 1487, bur Youghal). Earl of Desmond. m MARGARET, daughter of TEIGE O'Brien Prince of Thomond & his wife ---. James & his wife had one child:

i) daughter .

b) MAURICE (-1520, bur Tralee Friars Preachers). Earl of Desmond. m firstly ELLEN Roche, daughter of MAURICE Roche Lord Roche of Fermoy & his wife ---. m secondly HONOR, daughter of JOHN FitzGibbon, the White Knight & his wife ---. Maurice & his first wife had one child:

i) JAMES (-Dingle or Rathkeale 18 Jun 1529, bur Tralee). Earl of Desmond. m as her first husband, AMY, daughter of TURLOGH Mac-I-Brien-Ara, Bishop of Killaloe & his wife --- (-before 1537). She married secondly as his second wife, Edmond FitzMaurice Baron of Kerry. James & his wife had one child:

(a) JOAN (-2 Jan 1565, bur Skeaton). m firstly (before 21 Dec 1532) JAMES Butler Lord Butler, son of PIERS Butler Earl of Ossery & his wife Margaret FitzGerald of the Earls of Kildare. He was created Viscount Thurles in 1536, and succeeded his father in 1539 as Earl of Ormond and Ossory (before 20 Jul 1504-London 28 Oct 1546, bur London, St Thomas of Acon). m secondly (before 28 Aug 1548) Sir FRANCIS Bryan, Knight Marshal and Lord Justice of Ireland (-2 Feb 1550). m thirdly ([1550/51]) as his first wife, GERALD FitzGerald, son of JAMES FitzGerald Earl of Desmond & his second wife More O´Carroll ([1533]-killed Glenagintigha, near Tralee, co. Kerry 11 Nov 1583, bur Kilnamanagh Chapel, Ardnegrath, co. Kerry). He succeeded his father in 1558 as Earl of Desmond.

c) THOMAS (1454-Rathkeale 1534, bur Youghal). He succeeded his nephew in 1529 as Earl of Desmond. m firstly SHELA [Gille], daughter of CORMAC Laidir McTeige MacCarthy Lord of Muskerry & his wife Mary FitzMaurice (-after 1505). m secondly CATHERINE, daughter of JOHN FitzGerald of Dromana Lord of the Decies & his wife Ellen FitzGibbon (-1604). Ancestors of the later Earls of Desmond.

2. GERALD Mor.

3. JOAN FitzGerald (-1486). m THOMAS Earl of Kildare, son of JOHN "Cam/crooked" & his wife --- (-1477).

Chapter 4. EARLS of KILDARE (WINDSOR)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

WALTER FitzOther of Windsor, son of --- (-1100 or after).

m BEATRICE, daughter of ---.

Walter & his wife had three children:

1. WILLIAM FitzWalter (-[1160]). He succeeded his father in [1100/16] as forester of Windsor and lord of Eton[501]. Empress Matilda confirmed that "Willelmus filius Walteri" should be "custodiam castelli de Windesh", and the lands which "ipse Willelmus et antecessores sui" had from Henry I King of England, by charter dated to [1141/42][502]. m ---. The name of William´s wife is not known. William & his wife had two children:

a) WILLIAM FitzWilliam, known as Sir WILLIAM de Windsor (-after 1194). Ancestor of LORDS WINDSOR of Stanwell[503].

b) HUGH FitzWilliam . Lord of the manor of West Horsley, Surrey.

2. GERALD FitzWalter (-before 1136). He was granted Moulsford, Berkshire and held land in Pembrokeshire[504]. The Annales Cambriæ record that "Geraldus præfectus de Penbroc" laid waste to "Meneviæ fines" in 1097[505]. m (1100) NESTA of Wales, daughter of RHYS ap Tudor Mawr King of Deheubarth [South Wales] & his wife Gwladus ---. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales names, in 1106, "Nest daughter of Rhys son of Tewdwr and wife of Gerald the steward" and "Gwladus daughter of Rhiwallon, the mother of Nest", when recording that "Owain [son of Cadwgan son of Bleddyn]…accompanied by a small retinue [visited] her as his kinswoman" in the castle in which his father organised a feast and later reentered the castle and abducted her "with her two sons and daughter and also another son that he [=her husband] had by a concubine"[506]. She became mistress firstly of Henry I King of England, and secondly of Stephen Constable of Cardigan, as shown by the Expugnatio Hibernica which records that "Robertus filius Stephani" was freed from prison in Wales, naming "matre…Nesta, Resi magni filia"[507]. Gerald & his wife had three children:

a) MAURICE FitzGerald (-Wexford 1 Sep 1176). The Expugnatio Hibernica names "David Menevensi episcopo et Mauricio Giraldi filio" as brothers of "Robertus filius Stephani"[508].

- see below.

b) DAVID (-1177, bur St David's Cathedral). The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales names "David Bishop of Menevia and William the Bastard…sons to Gerald the steward" as the brothers of "Robert son of Stephen by Nest daughter of Rhys son of Tewdwr"[509]. The Annales Cambriæ record the succession in 1150 of "David filius Giraldi" as "episcopus Meneviæ" after the death of Bishop Bernard[510]. Bishop of St David's. The Expugnatio Hibernica names "David Menevensi episcopo et Mauricio Giraldi filio" as brothers of "Robertus filius Stephani"[511]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1177 of "David episcopus Menevensis" and his burial "in ecclesia Menevensi"[512]. Bishop David had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

i) MILES . The Expugnatio Hibernica names "Milo Menevensis, tam Stephanidæ quam Mauricii nepos…Henrici filius Robertus, Meilerii frater"[513]. Feudal Baron of Iverk, co. Kilkenny. Ancestor of the family of Barron of Brownsford, co. Kilkenny[514].

c) ANGHARAD . She and her husband were parents of the historian "Giraldus Cambrensis". m WILLIAM de Barry of Manorbier. The Expugnatio Hibernica names "Roberto Barrensi" and "Meilerius" as "Stephanidæque alter ex fratre, alter ex sorore nepotes"[515].

Gerald had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

d) WILLIAM FitzGerald of Carew Castle, Pembrokeshire (-1173). The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales names "David Bishop of Menevia and William the Bastard…sons to Gerald the steward" as the brothers of "Robert son of Stephen by Nest daughter of Rhys son of Tewdwr"[516]. The Annales Cambriæ name "Willielmus filius Geraldi" among those who destroyed "castellum Wix" in 1148[517]. m ---. The name of William´s wife is not known. William & his wife had four children:

i) RAYMOND "le Gros" .

ii) GRIFFITH . The Expugnatio Hibernica names "nepos…Mauricii Stephanidæque, Griffinus"[518].

iii) ODO . Ancestor of the Baronets CAREW[519].

iv) daughter . m ---. One child:

(a) DAVID "the Welshman" .

3. ROBERT de Windsor . Feudal Baron of Eston, Essex.

MAURICE FitzGerald, son of GERALD FitzWalter & his wife Nesta of Wales (-Wexford 1 Sep 1176). The Expugnatio Hibernica names "David Menevensi episcopo et Mauricio Giraldi filio" as brothers of "Robertus filius Stephani"[520]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Mauric de Windesor" in Dorsetshire[521]. The Expugnatio Hibernica records the arrival in Ireland of "Mauricius Giraldi filius…uterinus…Stephanidæ frater" and his expedition to Dublin [in 1169][522]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1177 of "Mauricius filius Geraldi"[523]. The Expugnatio Hibernica records the death "apud Weisefordiam…circa kal Sep" of "Mauricius Giraldi filius" [in 1176][524].

m firstly ---.

m secondly ---.

m thirdly [ALICE, daughter of ARNULF de Montgommery].

Maurice & his first wife had one child:

1. WILLIAM FitzMaurice (-[1199]). The Expugnatio Hibernica names "Mauricio filio Guillelmo comes" when recording his marriage[525]. Baron of Naas. m (1174) ALINE de Clare, illegitimate daughter of RICHARD de Clare "Strongbow" Earl of Pembroke. The Expugnatio Hibernica records the marriage between "Mauricio filio Guillelmo comes" and "Alinam filiam suam [Richardi]"[526]. William & his wife had one child:

a) WILLIAM FitzWilliam (-before Aug 1227). Baron of Naas. He was ancestor of the BARONS of NAAS. m as her second husband, MATILDA de Pont de l'Arche, widow of PHILIP de Briouse, daughter of --- (-after 1 Sep 1227). A charter dated 1 Sep 1227 records that "Matilda who was the wife of the Baron of Nas represents that the justiciary…has disseised her of her dower out of…those of Philip de Breouse her first husband" and the king´s order to restore the property to her[527]. William & his wife had two children:

i) DAVID FitzWilliam . "David Fitz William Baron of Naas" gave land to "Maurice Fitz William his brother" by charter dated 25 Sep 1234[528].

ii) MAURICE FitzWilliam . "David Fitz William Baron of Naas" gave land to "Maurice Fitz William his brother" by charter dated 25 Sep 1234[529].

Maurice & his second wife had seven children:

2. GERALD FitzMaurice ([1150]-1203). The Expugnatio Hibernica names "duo Mauricii filii, Giraldus et Alexander"[530]. Baron of Offaly.

- see below.

3. ALEXANDER . The Expugnatio Hibernica names "duo Mauricii filii, Giraldus et Alexander"[531].

4. THOMAS FitzMaurice (-1213). Lord Connello. m SABINE, daughter of ---. Thomas & his wife had two children:

a) JOHN FitzThomas (-killed in battle Callan 1261).

- EARLS of DESMOND.

b) MAURICE FitzThomas ([1197]-before 1253). Ancestor of the LORDS KERRY.

5. DAVID FitzMaurice (-killed in battle 1195). The Annales Cambriæ record that "David filium Mauricii et Tankardum monachum" were killed by "Mailgum filius Res" in 1195[532].

6. MAURICE FitzMaurice . Ancestor of the FitzGerald family, feudal barons of Burnchurch, co. Kilkenny[533].

7. ROBERT FitzMaurice (-after 1194). Ancestor of the Barons of Kerry and Lixnaw, the Earls of Kerry, Earls of Shelburne, and Marquesses of Lansdowne[534]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], names "Robertus filius Maur" paying "c s, v milites" in Gloucestershire[535].

8. NESTA . The Expugnatio Hibernica records the marriage between "Herveius" and "Reimundi consobrinam, Mauricii Giraldidæ filiam, Nestam"[536]. m HERVE de Montmorency, son of --- de Montemorency & his [---] wife Adelisa de Clermont (-after 1072).

GERALD FitzMaurice, son of MAURICE FitzGerald & his [first/second] wife --- ([1150]-1203). The Expugnatio Hibernica names "duo Mauricii filii, Giraldus et Alexander"[537]. Baron of Offaly. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1200 of "Geraldus filius Mauricii" in Ireland[538].

m ([1193]) as her first husband, EVE, daughter of [ROBERT de Bermingham & his wife ---] (-[1226]). She married secondly Geoffrey FitzRobert, and thirdly Geoffrey de Marsh.

Gerald & his wife had one child:

1. MAURICE FitzGerald (-1257). Baron of Offaly. m JULIANA, daughter of ---. Maurice & his wife had four children:

a) GERALD FitzMaurice ([1220]-1243). m ---. The name of Gerald´s wife is not known. Gerald & his wife had two children:

i) MAURICE FitzGerald (-1268). Baron of Offaly. m firstly ---. m secondly as her first husband, AGNES de Valence Dame de Danfalize, daughter of WILLIAM de Lusignan "de Valence" Seigneur de Valence Lord of Pembroke & his wife Joan Munchensy. She married secondly Hugh Balliol Baron of Bywell, and thirdly Jean d'Avesnes Seigneur de Beaumont. Maurice & his [first/second] wife had one child:

(a) GERALD FitzMaurice (-1287). Baron of Offaly. m JOAN de Joinville, daughter of GEOFFREY de Joinville (Geneville], Justiciar of Ireland & his wife Matilda de Lacy.

ii) JULIANA (-after 1309). m JOHN de Cogan (1243-1275).

b) MAURICE FitzMaurice (-1286). m firstly as her second husband, MATILDA, widow of MAURICE de Rocheford, daughter of GERALD de Prendergast & his wife ---. m secondly EMMELINE de Longespee, daughter of STEPHEN Longuespee [Seneschal of Gascony, Justiciar of Ireland] & his wife Emmeline de Rydeleford. The Book of Lacock names “Elam de la Souch…Emelinam” as the children of “Stephanus Lungespee” and his wife “Emelinam comitissam de Ulton”, adding that Emeline married “Mauritio filio Mauritii”[539]. Maurice & his first wife had one child:

i) AMABEL . m ANDREW Avenel .

Maurice & his second wife had one child:

ii) JULIANA . m firstly THOMAS de Clare Lord of Thomond, son of RICHARD de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hertford & his wife Matilda de Lacy (-1287). m secondly NICHOLAS Avenel .

c) DAVID FitzMaurice .

d) THOMAS FitzMaurice (-Ballyloughmask, co. Mayo 1271). m ---. The name of Thomas´s wife is not known. Thomas & his wife had one child:

i) JOHN FitzThomas (-Laraghbryan, near Maynooth 12 Sep 1316, bur Kildare, Church of the Friars Minor). Baron of Offaly. He was created Earl of Kildare in 1316.

- see below.

JOHN FitzThomas, son of THOMAS FitzMaurice & his wife --- (-Laraghbryan, near Maynooth 12 Sep 1316, bur Kildare, Church of the Friars Minor). Baron of Offaly. He was created Earl of Kildare in 1316.

m BLANCHE Roche, daughter of JOHN Roche Baron of Fermoy & his wife --- (-after Feb 1330).

John & his wife had three children:

1. GERALD (-1303).

2. THOMAS (-5 Apr 1328, bur Kildare, Church of the Friars Minor). He succeeded his father as Earl of Kildare. m (Greencastle 16 Aug 1312) as her first husband, JOAN de Burgh, daughter of RICHARD de Burgh 2^nd Earl of Ulster & his wife Margaret de Burgh of Lanvalley (-23 Apr 1350). She married secondly (Maynooth 3 Jul 1329) as his second wife, Sir John Darcy Lord Darcy. Thomas & his wife had three children:

a) JOHN (-1323).

b) RICHARD ([1318/19]-7 Jul 1331). He succeeded his father as Earl of Kildare.

c) MAURICE (-1390, bur Dublin Holy Trinity). He succeeded his brother in 1331 as Earl of Kildare. m (1347) ELIZABETH de Burghersh, daughter of BARTHOLOMEW de Burghersh Lord Burghersh & his wife Elizabeth de Verdon. Maurice & his wife had two children:

i) GERALD (-1432). He succeeded his father as Earl of Kildare. m firstly ([1381]) MARGARET Rochefort, daughter of Sir JOHN Rochefort & his wife ---. m secondly (before 18 Nov 1397) AGNES Darcy, daughter of (-29 Sep 1439). Gerald & his second wife had one child:

(a) ELIZABETH (-6 Aug 1452). m firstly Sir JOHN Grey Lord Grey (of Codnor), son of Sir RICHARD Grey Lord Grey & his wife Elizabeth Basset (1396 or before-14 Sep 1430). m secondly (1432) as his second wife, JAMES Butler Earl of Ormond, son of JAMES Butler Earl of Ormond & his wife Anne de Welles ([1392]-Ardee 23 Aug 1452, bur St Mary´s Abbey, near Dublin).

Gerald had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

(b) RICHARD . m (1405) JOAN FitzEustace of Castelmartyn.

ii) JOHN . He succeeded his brother as Earl of Kildare. m ---. The name of John´s wife is not known. John & his wife had one child:

(a) JOHN "Cam/crooked" . m ---. The name of John´s wife is not known. John & his wife had one child:

(1) THOMAS (-25 Mar 1477, bur [Dublin, All Hallows]). He succeeded his grandfather as Earl of Kildare. m JOAN FitzGerald, daughter of JAMES FitzGerald 6^th Earl of Desmond & his wife Mary Burle (-1486, Adare Monastery). Ancestors of the later Earls of Kildare.

3. JOAN . m (1302) EDMUND Butler, daughter of THEOBALD Butler & his wife Joan FitzGeoffrey (-1321). Chief Governor of Ireland (Justiciar) [1314/15]-1317.

Chapter 5. KINGS of LEINSTER

The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that Henry II King of England arrived in Ireland in 1171, went to Dublin where he received “the kingship of Leinster and of the men of Meath, Brefne, Oriel and Ulster”[540].

A. KINGS of LEINSTER

1. MUIREDACH (-885). King of Leinster. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 885 of "Muiredach son of Bran king of Laigin and superior of Cell Dara"[541]. m ---. The name of Muiredach´s wife is not known. Muiredach & his wife had two children:

a) FAELAN (-Aenach-Colmain 942). King of Leinster. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Faelan son of Muireadhach, King of Leinster, with his son Lorcan” were taken prisoners in 923 by “the foreigners of Ath-cliath”[542]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 940 of “Faelan son of Muireadhach King of Leinster…of a fall at Aenach-Colmain”[543]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 942 of "Faelán son of Muiredach king of Laigin”[544]. m ---. The name of Faelan´s wife is not known. Faelan & his wife had [five] children:

i) DONNCUAN (-929). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 929 of “Donncuan son of Faelan heir apparent of Leinster”[545].

ii) LORCAN (-killed Dublin 943). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Faelan son of Muireadhach, King of Leinster, with his son Lorcan” were taken prisoners in 923 by “the foreigners of Ath-cliath”[546]. King of Leinster. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 941 of “Lorcan son of Faelan king of Leinster…slain by the Norsemen as he was plundering Ath-Cliath”[547]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 943 of "Lorcán son of Faelán king of Laigin, at the hands of the heathens”[548]. m ---. The name of Lorcan´s wife is not known. Lorcan & his wife had two children:

(a) CEARBHALL (-killed 967). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 965 of “Muireadhach son of Faelan, Abbot of Cill-dara and royal heir of Leinster” killed by “Amhlaeibh lord of the foreigners and by Cearbhall son of Lorcan”[549]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 965 of “Cearbhall son of Lorcan royal heir of Leinster” killed by “Domhnall lord of Breagha”[550]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 967 of "Cerball son of Lorcán heir designate of Laigin” killed by “Domnall king of Brega”[551]. m ---. The name of Cearbhall´s wife is not known. Cearbhall & his wife had four children:

(1) three sons (-killed Gleann-da-Locha 983). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “the three sons of Cearbhall son of Lorcan plundered the Termon of Caeimhghin at Gleann-da-Locha” in 983 and were killed[552].

(2) GILLACELE (-killed 993). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 993 of “Gillacele son of Cearbhall, royal heir of Leinster” killed by “the son of Amhlaeibh”[553].

(b) DOMNALL Claen (-killed [977/84]). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Domnall Claen son of Lorcan” killed “Murchadh son of Finn, king of Leinster” in 970[554]. King of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Domnall Cloen king of Leinster” was captured in [977/78] by “the Foreigners of Dublin”, adding in a later passage that he was released by “Mael-Sechnaill the Great” in [978/79][555]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Domnall Clóen” was killed in [982/83] by “Aed son of Echthigern of the Húi Cennselaig”[556]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Domnall Claen” was killed in 982 by “Aedh son of Echthigern, one of the Ui-Ceinnsealaigh, and Fiachra son of Finnshneacta, chief of Fortuatha-Laighean, and Maelmithigh son of Gairbheth by treachery”[557]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 984 of “Domnall Claen king of Laigin…killed by the Ui Cheinnselaig”[558]. m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had one child:

(1) DONNCHAD (-after 1003). King of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Donchad son of Domnall Clóen king of Leinster” was captured in [997/98] by “Sitric son of Olaf”[559]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Brian son of Cennétig” deposed “the king of Laigin Donnchadh son of Domnall” in 1003[560].

iii) CELLACH (-966). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Conghalach son of Maelmithigh, heir apparent to the sovereignty of Ireland, Braen son of Maelmordha, king of Leinster, Ceallach, son of Faelan, heir of Leinster” destroyed Dublin in 942[561]. King of Leinster. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 966 of "Cellach son of Faelán king of Laigin”[562].

iv) MUIREDACH (-killed 965). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 965 of “Muireadhach son of Faelan, Abbot of Cill-dara and royal heir of Leinster” killed by “Amhlaeibh lord of the foreigners and by Cearbhall son of Lorcan”[563].

v) DOMNALL . The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Donndubhan son of Imhar and Domhnall son of Faelan lord of the Deisi” killed “Gillaphadraig son of Donnchadh lord of Osraighe” in 995[564]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 995 of “Domhnall son of Faelan lord of the Deisi”[565]. m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had one child:

(a) MOTHLA (-killed in battle Clontarf 23 Apr 1014). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Mothla son of Domnhall son of Faelan, lord of the Deisi-Mumhan” was killed in 1013 in the battle [of Clontarf][566].

b) FLANN (-930). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 930 of “Flann son of Muireadhach heir apparent of Leinster” and of “Lorcan son of Cathal royal heir of Leinster”[567].

1. MUIREGAN . m ---. The name of Muiregan´s wife is not known. Muiregan & his wife had three children:

a) DOMNALL (-killed 884). King of Leinster. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 884 of "Domnall son of Muirecán, king of Laigin…killed by his associates"[568].

b) CERBALL (-909). King of Leinster. The Annals of Ulster record "Cerball son of Muirecán, king of Laigin” among the victors in “the battle of Belach Mugna” fought 13 Sep 908 between “the men of Mumu, the Leth Cuinn and the Laigin in Mag Ailbi”[569]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 909 of "Cerball son of Muirecán…king of the Laigin…of a sickness”[570]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Cerwallt son of Muregan king of Leinster died of a fatal disorder" in 905[571].

c) MAELMORDA (-killed in battle Cenn Fuait 917). The Annals of Ulster record that "Mael Mórda son of Muirecán, king of eastern Life” was killed in 917 “by Sitriuc grandson of Imar in the battle of Cenn Fuait”[572]. m ---. The name of Maelmorda´s wife is not known. Maelmorda & his wife had one child:

i) FINN (-923). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 921 of “Finn son of Maelmordha son of Muiregan heir apparent of Leinster” killed by “Ceallach son of Cearbhall”[573].

- see below.

ii) MUIREDACH (-942). The Annals of the Four Masters record the deaths in 942 of “Flann son of Finn and Muireadhach son of Maelmordha, two royal heirs of Leinster”[574].

iii) BRAEN (-killed in battle 947). King of Leinster. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Conghalach son of Maelmithigh, heir apparent to the sovereignty of Ireland, Braen son of Maelmordha, king of Leinster, Ceallach, son of Faelan, heir of Leinster” destroyed Dublin in 942[575]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 945 of “Braen son of Maelmordha king of Leinster” killed by “Donnchadh son of Ceallach lord of Osraighe”[576]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 947 of "Braen son of Mael Mórda, king of the Laigin…killed on a foray in Osraige”[577]. m ---. The name of Braen´s wife is not known. Braen & his wife had two children:

(a) MADUDAN (-killed 970). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Mac Brain” killed “Madudhan son of Bran” in 970[578].

(b) FINN (-killed 970). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Ceallach son of Domhnall son of Finn son of Maelmordha , lord of Ui-Faelain” killed “Finn son of Bran” in 970[579].

FINN, son of MAELMORDA & his wife --- (-923). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 921 of “Finn son of Maelmordha son of Muiregan heir apparent of Leinster” killed by “Ceallach son of Cearbhall”[580]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 923 of "Finn son of Mael Mórda, heir designate of Laigin…killed by his own kinsman”[581].

m ---. The name of Finn´s wife is not known.

Finn & his wife had five children:

1. FLANN (-942). The Annals of the Four Masters record the deaths in 942 of “Flann son of Finn and Muireadhach son of Maelmordha, two royal heirs of Leinster”[582].

2. MURCHAD (-972). King of Leinster 965. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Murchadh son of Finn king of Leinster” led an army “into Osraighe” in 965[583]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 972 of "Murchad son of Finn king of Laigin”[584]. m ---. The name of Murchad´s wife is not known. Murchad & his wife had three children:

a) MAELMORDA (-killed in battle Clontarf 23 Apr 1014). King of Leinster. The Annals of Ulster record that "Brian son of Ceinnéitig son of Lorcán king of Ireland and Mael Sechnaill son of Domnall king of Temair" led an army to “Áth Cliath” in 1014, adding that “Mael Mórda son of Murchad king of Laigin” was killed in the battle[585]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Murchadh son of Finn king of Leinster” was killed in 1013 in the battle [of Clontarf][586]. m ---. The name of Mail-mordha´s wife is not known. Mail-mordha & his wife had two children:

i) CEARBALL (-killed 1017). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Cearball mac Mail-mordha crownprince of Leinster” was killed in 1017[587].

ii) BRAEN (-Köln 1052). King of Leinster. The Annals of Ulster record that "Braen son of Mael Mórda king of Laigin” was blinded in 1018 “in Áth Cliath by Sitriuc son of Amlaib”[588].

b) GORMLAITH (-1030). The Annals of Tigernach record the death in 1030 of “Gormlaith, daughter of Murchad son of Fland” mother of “Sitric son of Olaf king of the Foreigners and of Donnchad son of Brian king of Munster”[589]. Her third marriage is confirmed by the Annals of the Four Masters which record the death in 1030 of “Gormlaith daughter of Murchadh son of Finn, mother of the king of the foreigners Sitric, Donnchadh son of Brian king of Munster, and Conchobhar son of Maeleachlainn king of Teamhair”[590]. It is assumed that Maelsechnaill separated from Gormlaith as he is recorded with another wife before Gormlaith died. m firstly as his third wife, OLAV Sihtricsson King of Dublin, son of SIHTRIC King of York & his first wife --- (-981). m secondly (after 981, [separated]) [as his second wife,] BRIAN Boroma, son of CEINNÉITIG & his wife --- (941-killed in battle Clontarf 23 Apr 1014). m thirdly ([separated]) as his [third] wife, MAELSECHNAILL King of Ireland, son of DOMNALL & his wife --- ([949/50]-Cró Inis of Lough Ennell 2 Sep 1022).

c) BRAEN (-killed in battle Teamhair [978/80]). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 973 of “Ceallach son of Domhnall, lord of Ui-Faelain” killed by “Broen son of Murchadh”[591]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Braen son of Murchadh royal heir of Leinster” was killed in 978 in “the battle of Teamhair”[592], the battle being dated between 978 and 980 in different sources.

3. DOMNALL (-947). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 947 of “Dormhnall son of Finn royal heir of Leinster”[593]. m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had one child:

a) CELLACH (-after 970). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Ceallach son of Domhnall son of Finn son of Maelmordha , lord of Ui-Faelain” killed “Finn son of Bran” in 970[594]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 973 of “Ceallach son of Domhnall, lord of Ui-Faelain” killed by “Broen son of Murchadh”[595].

4. MAELMORDA (-966). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Maelmordha son of Finn royal heir of Leinster” was mortally wounded in 966[596].

5. CONCHOBAR (-977). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 977 of “Conchobhar son of Finn, lord of Ui-Failghe”[597]. m ---. The name of Conchobar´s wife is not known. Conchobar & his wife had one child:

a) CONGALACH (-killed 1014 or 1017). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Conghalach son of Conchobhar, lord of the Ui-Failghe” was killed in 1014 when the army of “Maelseachlainn, Ua Neill, and Ua Maeldoraidh” was attacked while they were plundering “Ui-Cennsealagh”[598]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1017 of “Conghalach son of Conchobhar son of Finn lord of Ui-Failghe”[599]. It is probable that these two entries refer to the same person. Neither entry is found in the Annals of Ulster or the Annals of Inisfallen. m ---. The name of Congalach´s wife is not known. Congalach & his wife had one child:

i) MUIRCHERTACH (-killed in battle 1026). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1026 of “Muircheartach son of Conghalach lord of Ui-Failghe” killed “by the foreigners of Ath Cliath”[600].

1. DUNLANG . m ---. The name of Dúnlang´s wife is not known. Dúnlang & his wife had one child:

a) AILILL (-killed 871). The Annals of Ulster record that "Ailill son of Dúnlang king of Laigin” was killed in 871 “by the Norsemen”[601]. m ---. The name of Ailill´s wife is not known. Ailill & his wife had one child:

i) UGAIRE (-killed in battle Cenn Fuait 917). King of Leinster. The Annals of Ulster record that "Ugaire son of Ailill king of Laigin” was killed in 917 “by Sitriuc grandson of Imar in the battle of Cenn Fuait”[602]. m ---. The name of Augaire´s wife is not known. Augaire & his wife had one child:

(a) TUATHAL (-958). The Annals of the Four Masters record “a victory…over the people of Laighis and the Ui-Faircheallain by Tuathal son of Ugaire” in 950[603]. King of Leinster. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 958 of "Tuathal son of Augaire king of Laigin”[604]. m ---. The name of Tuathal´s wife is not known. Tuathal & his wife had three children:

- see below.

TUATHAL, son of UGAIRE & his wife --- (-958). The Annals of the Four Masters record “a victory…over the people of Laighis and the Ui-Faircheallain by Tuathal son of Ugaire” in 950[605]. King of Leinster. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 958 of "Tuathal son of Augaire king of Laigin”[606].

m ---. The name of Tuathal´s wife is not known.

Tuathal & his wife had three children:

1. DONNCHAD (-964). The Annals of the Four Masters records the death in 964 of “Donnchadh son of Tuathal royal heir of Leinster”[607].

2. UGAIRE (-killed in battle Bithland [976/77]). King of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Ugaire, son of Tuathal, king of Leinster” was captured in [974/75] by “the Foreigners of Dublin”[608]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Ugaire, son of Tuathal, king of Leinster” was killed in [976/77] at “the Battle of Bithland”[609]. m ---. The name of Ugaire´s wife is not known. Ugaire & his wife had one child:

a) TUATHAL (-killed in battle Clontarf 23 Apr 1014). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Tuathal son of Ugaire, royal heir of Leinster” was killed in 1013 in the battle [of Clontarf][610].

3. DUNLANG (-1013). King of Leinster. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1013 of “Dunlang son of Tuathal king of Leinster”[611]. m ---. The name of Dunlang´s wife is not known. Dunlang & his wife had five children:

a) GILLA COEMGIN (-killed [1017/18]). Crown Prince of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Gilla Coemgin son of Dunlang crownprince of Leinster” was killed in [1017/18] “by the Leinstermen”[612].

b) DONNCUAN “the Simpleton” (-killed 1015). King of Leinster. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Donncuan i.e. the Simpleton son of Dunlaing lord of Leinster and Tadhg Ua Riain lord of Ui-Drona” were killed in 1015 by “Donnchadh son of Gillaphadraig at Leithghlinn”[613].

c) UGAIRE (-killed Dubloch [1022/24]). King of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Ugaire son of Dunlang king of Leinster” defeated “Sitric son of Olaf with the Foreigners of Dublin at Dergnae mo Goróc (Delgany)” in 1021[614]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Augaire son of Dunlang king of Leinster” was killed “at Dubloch, by Donn slébe” in [1022/24][615].

d) DONNCHAD (-killed [1036/37]). King of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Donnchad, son of Dunlang, king of Leinster” was blinded by “Donnchad Mac Gilla Pátraic” in 1036 and died[616]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1037 of "Dúnlang´s king of Laigin by the Osraige”[617].

i) DOMNALL (-1039). Crown Prince of Leinster. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1039 of "Domnall son of Donnchad royal heir of Laigin”[618]. The Annals of Tigernach record the death in 1039 of “Domnall son of Donnchad king of the Húi Faeláin…slain by Domnall Húa Fergail king of the Forths”[619].

e) MURCHAD (-killed in battle Mag Muilchet 1042). King of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Murchad son of Dunlang king of Leinster” was killed by “Gilla Pátraic son of Donnchad king of Ossory and by Mac Craith Húa Donnchada king of the Eoganacht ´load-of-plunder´ on Mag Muilchet in Leix” in 1042[620].

1. UATHMARAN . m ---. The name of Uathmaran´s wife is not known. Uathmaran & his wife had one child:

a) DIARMUIT (-[982/83]). King of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Diarmuit mac Uathmaran king of Leinster” died in [982/83][621].

1. MAIL na mBó (-1006). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Aed son of Echthigern” was killed in [1001/02] “in the prayer-house of Saint m´Aedóc´s great Ferns by Mael na mbó”[622]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1006 of "Mael na mBó king of Uí Cheinnselaigh…killed by his own people”[623]. m ---. The name of Mail´s wife is not known. Mail & his wife had three children:

a) DIARMAIT (-killed in battle Odba 7 Feb 1072). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Diarmait son of Mael na mbó king of the Húi Cennselaig” plundered “Colomb cille´s Maein (Moone), Dísert Diarmata and my Senóc´s Mugna and Clonmore” in 1040[624]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Echmarcach son of Ragnall king of the Foreigners went oversea” in 1052 and “the son of Mael na mbó assumed the kingship after him”, adding in a later passage that “the son of Mael na mbó took the kingship of Dublin by force” in 1053[625]. King of Leinster. High King of Ireland.

- see below.

b) DOMNALL “Remuir/the Fat” (-killed 1041). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Domnall the Fat crownprince of the Húi Cennsilaig” was killed in 1041 by “in Húi Bairrche [by] Murchad son of Dunlang”[626]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1041 of "the son of Mael na mBó” killed in “a battle between the Laigin”[627]. m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had one child:

i) DONNCHAD (-killed 1089). King of Leinster. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Enna son of Diarmait and the nobles of Desmumu” successfully held the fortress of “Port Láirge” in 1088 against “the Laigin and the son of Domnall Remar”[628]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Donnchad, son of Domnall the Fat, son of Mael na mbó, King of Leinster and the Foreigners” was killed by “Húa Conchobair…with the folk of Ossory and the west of Leinster” in 1089[629]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Muirchertach Ui Briain” killed “Domnall´s son [and] took the kingship of Laigin and Áth Cliath” in 1089[630]. m ---. The name of Donnchad´s wife is not known. Donchad & his wife had [one possible child]:

(a) [MURCHAD (-killed 1091). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1091 of "Murchad grandson of Domnall Remar…killed by Enna son of Diarmait”[631].]

c) MURCHAD . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) which name “Gormlaith, daughter of Murchad, son of Mael na mbó”[632]. m ---. The name of Murchad´s wife is not known. Murchad & his wife had one child:

i) GORMLAITH (-1112). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record the death in 1112 of “Gormlaith, daughter of Murchad, son of Mael na mbó, female successor to S. Brigit”[633].

DIARMAIT, son of MAEL na mBó & his wife --- (-killed in battle Odba 7 Feb 1072). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Ruaidri son of Tadg son of Lorcan” was blinded in 1036 by “Mael na mbó” (which must indicate the latter´s son assuming that the death date of Mail na mBó is correctly recorded above)[634]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Diarmait son of Mael na mbó king of the Húi Cennselaig” plundered “Colomb cille´s Maein (Moone), Dísert Diarmata and my Senóc´s Mugna and Clonmore” in 1040[635]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Echmarcach son of Ragnall king of the Foreigners went oversea” in 1052 and “the son of Mael na mbó assumed the kingship after him”, adding in a later passage that “the son of Mael na mbó took the kingship of Dublin by force” in 1053[636]. King of Leinster. High King of Ireland. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Harold Godwinsson and his brother Leofwine, sons of Godwin Earl of Wessex, sought refuge with him in 1051 following the family's disgrace[637]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Diarmait son of Mail na mbó, king of Britons and the Hebrides and Dublin and Mug Nuadat´s Half [southern Ireland]” was killed in 1072 by “Conchobar Húa Mael-Sechlainn in the battle of Odba”[638]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1072 of "Diarmait son of Mael na mBó king of Laigin and the foreigners…7 Feb” killed in battle by “Conchobar ua Mael Sechlainn king of Temair”[639].

m DERBORGAILL, daughter of ---, granddaughter of BRIAN Boru King of Ireland (-Imlech 1080). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1080 of "Derbhforgaill daughter of Brian´s son, wife of Diarmait son of Mael na mBó…in Imlech”[640].

Diarmait & his wife had three children:

1. MURCHAD (-Dublin 1070, bur Dublin). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Murchad son of Diarmait son of Mael na mbó” invaded “Mann…and defeated Ragnall´s son” in 1061[641]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1070 of "Murchad son of Diarmait king of Laigin and the foreigners…buried in Áth Cliath”[642]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1070 of "Murchad son of Diarmiat son of Mael na mBó king of foreigners and Gaedil…in Áth Cliath”[643]. m ---. The name of Murchad´s wife is not known. Murchad & his wife had four children:

a) DOMNALL (-1075). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "the son of Murchad, grandson of Mael na mBó took the kingship of Áth Cliath” in 1075 and died “in the same year”[644]. King of Dublin. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1075 of "Domnall son of Murchad, king of Áth Cliath…of a three nights' sickness"[645].

b) DONCHAD (-1115). King of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “the son of Murchad, son of Diarmait, son of Máel na mbó” won a battle in 1114[646].

- see below.

c) ENDA . His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) which names “Diarmait son of Enda, son of Murchad, king of the Foreigners and Leinstermen”[647]. m ---. The name of Enda´s wife is not known. Enda & his wife had one child:

i) DIARMUIT (-[1117]). King of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Diarmait son of Enda, son of Murchad, king of the Foreigners and Leinstermen, rested in Dublin” in 1117[648].

d) GORMLAITH (-1112). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Gormlaith, daughter of Murchad coarb of Brigit, rested” in 1112[649]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1112 of "Gormlaith daughter of Murchad son of Diarmait, successor of Brigit”[650].

2. ENNA (-killed 1092). His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of Ulster which name "Diarmait son of Enna son of Diarmait king of Laigin”[651]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Enna son of Diarmait and the nobles of Desmumu” successfully held the fortress of “Port Láirge” in 1088 against “the Laigin and the son of Domnall Remar”[652]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Muirchertach Ui Briain” imprisoned “Énna son of Diarmait” in 1089[653]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1092 of "Enna son of Diarmait…slain by the Uí Cheinnselaig”[654]. m ---. The name of Enna´s wife is not known. Enna & his wife had one child:

a) DIARMUIT (-killed Cell Dara 1098). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1098 of "Diarmait son of Enna son of Diarmait king of Laigin, killed by the sons of Murchad son of Diarmait…in the middle of Cell Dara”[655].

3. --- “Glún Iairn” (-killed in battle 1070). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1070 of "Glún Iairn son of Diarmiat son of Mael na mBó…slain by Cartach´s son and the Gailenga and by the north of Ireland”[656].

DONCHAD, son of MURCHAD King of Leinster & his wife --- (-1115). King of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “the son of Murchad, son of Diarmait, son of Máel na mbó” won a battle in 1114[657]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Donnchad son of Murchad king of Leinster” was killed in battle by “Domnall son of Murchertach Húa Bríáin” in 1115[658].

m ---. The name of Donchad´s wife is not known.

Donchad & his wife had one child:

1. ENNA (-1126). King of Leinster. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Toirdelbach son of Ruaidri king of Ireland” gave “the kingship of the Foreigners to the king of Leinster” in 1125[659]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Enna son of Donnchad son of Murchad king of Leinster” died in 1126, after which “Toirdelbach Húa Conchobair king of Ireland” was made king of Leinster, unsuccessfully challenged by “Cormac Mac Carthaig king of Desmond”[660]. m ---. The name of Enna´s wife is not known. Enna & his wife had one child:

a) DIARMAIT (-Fermanagh 1 May 1171). King of Leinster. The Annales Cambriæ record that "Diermit rex filius Murcath" was expelled from Ireland by his people and went to the English king, recording in later passages that he returned to Ireland and built "castellum Carrec iuxta Wisefordiam" in 1170, and died in 1172[661]. "Diarmicius Rex Lageniensium" donated "terram…Balidubgaill" to All Saints Dublin by undated charter witnessed by "…Enna filio meo…"[662]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that Henry II King of England arrived in Ireland in 1171, went to Dublin where he received “the kingship of Leinster and of the men of Meath, Brefne, Oriel and Ulster”[663]. The Expugnatio Hibernica records the death "apud Fernas circa kal Mai" of "Dermitius Murchardi filius" [in 1171][664]. m [MOR, daughter of ---]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Mistress: (1152) DERBFORGAILL, wife of TIERNAN O'Rourke King of Breifny, daughter of MURCHAD O'Malaghlin King of Meath & his wife ---. The Expugnatio Hibernica records that "Dermitius…Murchardi filius Langeniensium princeps" eloped with "Ororicio…Medensium rege…uxor ipsius Omachlachelini filia" [in 1152][665]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Diarmait Mac Murchada king of Leinster forcibly carried off out of Meath the wife of Húa Ruairc…Derb-forgaill daughter of Murchad with her wealth” in 1152, adding in a later passage that she “came again to Húa Ruairc by flight from Leinster” in 1153[666]. Diarmait & his wife had two children:

i) AOIFE [Eva] (-after 1189). The Annales Cambriæ record that "Ricardus comes de Striguil" invaded Ireland in 1171 and married "filiam Diermit regis"[667]. The Expugnatio Hibernica records the marriage of "filia…Dermitii, Eva" and Earl Richard[668]. She was styled Countess of Ireland in 1185, but Countess of Strigoil in 1186[669]. m (Waterford [26 Aug 1171]) RICHARD de Clare "Strongbow" Earl of Pembroke, son of GILBERT de Clare "Strongbow" Earl of Pembroke & his wife Isabel de Beaumont ([1130]-Dublin 20 Apr 1176, bur Dublin, Holy Trinity). In [1168] he promised Dermot King of Leinster to help him recover his kingdom in return for the hand of his daughter and eventual succession to the crown. He landed near Waterford 23 Aug 1170, and marched to Dublin. He acceded to the demand of King Henry II to surrender his Irish conquests to him and was granted Leinster in fee[670].

ii) URLACHAN . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m DONOUGH [Donald] More King of Thomond, son of TADHG King of Thomond & his wife --- (-1194).

Dermot had three illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

iii) ENNA (-1168 or after). "Diarmicius Rex Lageniensium" donated "terram…Balidubgaill" to All Saints Dublin by undated charter witnessed by "…Enna filio meo…"[671]. The Expugnatio Hibernica records that "Ossiriæ princeps Duvenaldus" [Dounchad [Donough] Lord of Ossory] blinded "Dermitio…filium eiusdem primogenitum"[672]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Enna Mac Murchada crownprince of Leinster” was blinded in 1168 by “Donnchad Mac Gilla Pátraic king of Ossory”[673].

iv) CONNOR (-1170). The Expugnatio Hibernica records that "Dermitio" gave "filium suum Chuchurum" as hostage to Roderic of Connaught [in 1169][674]. The Expugnatio Hibernica records that Roderic killed Dermot's son [in 1170][675].

v) DOMNALL Caemanach (-killed 1175). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1175 of "Domnall Caemanach son of Diarmaid Mac Murchadha king of Leinster…[slain]”[676].

B. KINGS of OSSORY

1. CERBALL (-888). King of Ossory. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 888 of "Cerball son of Dúngal, king of Osraige”[677]. m ---. The name of Cerball´s wife is not known. Cerball & his wife had one child:

a) DIARMAIT (-928). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Diarmait son of Cerball took the kingship of Osraige” in 894[678]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 928 of "Diarmait son of Cerball, king of Osraige”[679].

b) CELLACH (-killed in battle Mag Ailbe 908). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 908 of "Cellach son of Cerball king of Osraige” killed in “the battle of Mag Ailbe”[680]. m ---. The name of Cellach´s wife is not known. Cellach & his wife had three children:

i) CUILEN (-933). King of Ossory. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 933 of "Cuilén son of Cellach king of Osraige”[681].

ii) DONNCHAD (-[974/76]). The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Donnchadh son of Cellach took the kingship of Osraige” in 934[682]. King of Ossory. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Donnchadh son of Ceallach lord of Osraighe” killed “Braen son of Maelmordha king of Leinster” in 945[683]. The Annals of Tigernach record the death of “Donnchad, son of Cellach king of Ossory in senili étate” in [974/75][684]. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 974 of “Donnchadh son of Ceallach lord of Osraighe”[685]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 976 of "Donnchadh son of Cellach king of Osraige”[686]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 976 of "Donnchadh, son of Cellach, king of Osraige”[687]. m ---. The name of Donnchad´s wife is not known. Donnchad & his wife had five children:

(a) GILLA PATRAIC (-996). King of Ossory. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Gilla Pátraic son of Donnchaidh king of Osraige” was captured by “Brian son of Cennétig” in 983[688]. m ---. The name of Gilla Patraic´s wife is not known. Gilla Patraic & his wife had one child:

- see below.

(b) DIARMAIT (-killed 972). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Diarmaid son of Donnchad, Tanist of Osraighe” was killed in 972 in “a slaughter of the Osraighi in Iarthar-Liphi”[689]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 974 of "Diarmait son of Donnchad” killed by “Ugaire son of Tuathal”[690]. m ---. The name of Diarmait´s wife is not known. Diarmait & his wife had one child:

(1) CELLACH (-killed [1001/02]). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 996 of "Gilla Pátraic son of Donnchadh king of Osraige” and the accession of “Cellach son of Diarmait”[691]. King of Ossory. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Cellach son of Diarmait king of Ossory” was killed in [1001/02] by “the son of his father´s brother…Donchad son of Gilla Patraic”[692].

(c) MUIRDACH (-973). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 973 of “Muireadhach son of Donnchadh son of Ceallach, Tanist of Osraighe”[693].

(d) TADG (-killed [990/91]). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 990 of “Tadhg son of Donnchadh, Tanist of Osraighe”[694]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 991 of “Tadc son of Donnchad, heir designate of Osraige”[695].

(e) MOR (-[984/85]). The Annals of Tigernach record the death in [984/85] of “Mor, daughter of Dondchad son of Cellach, and queen of Ireland”[696]. This passage does not name Mor´s husband. However, Maelsechnaill is the only person described in other passages in the Annals as king of Ireland at that time. m as his first wife, MAELSECHNAILL King of Ireland, son of DOMNALL & his wife --- ([949/50]-Cró Inis of Lough Ennell 2 Sep 1022).

iii) DOMNALL (-killed 974). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 972 of “Domhnall son of Ceallach, lord of Ui-Ceinnsealaigh” killed when “the UiCeinnsealaigh were plundered in Osraighe”[697]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 974 of "Domnall son of Cellach” killed by “Ugaire son of Tuathal”[698].

GILLA PATRAIC, son of DONNCHAD King of Ossory & his wife --- (-996). King of Ossory. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Gilla Pátraic son of Donnchaidh king of Osraige” was captured by “Brian son of Cennétig” in 983, adding in a later passage that he was released in 984[699]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 996 of "Gilla Pátraic son of Donnchadh king of Osraige” and the accession of “Cellach son of Diarmait”[700].

m ---. The name of Gilla Patraic´s wife is not known.

Gilla Patraic & his wife had four children:

1. DONNCHAD (-1039). The Annals of Tigernach record that “Cellach son of Diarmait king of Ossory” was killed in [1001/02] by “the son of his father´s brother…Donchad son of Gilla Patraic”[701]. King of Leinster 1033. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Donnchad Mac Gilla Pátraic” held “the Fair of Carman…after taking the kingship of Leinster” in 1033[702]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Donnchad son of Gilla Pátraic, overking of Leinster and Ossory, champion of Ireland” died in 1039[703]. m ---. The name of Donnchad´s wife is not known. Donnchad & his wife had two children:

a) DIARMAIT (-killed 1036). The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1036 of “Diarmaid son of Donnchadh, Tanist of Osraighe…slain”[704].

b) GILLA PATRAIC (-1055). King of Ossory. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Murchad son of Dunlang king of Leinster” was killed by “Gilla Pátraic son of Donnchad king of Ossory” in 1042[705]. The Annals of Tigernach record the death in 1055 of “Gilla Pátraic king of Ossory”[706]. m ---. The name of Gilla Patraic´s wife is not known. Gilla Patraic & his wife had three children:

i) DOMNALL (-1087). King of Ossory. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Domnall Ua Gilla Pátraic submitted to Tiadelbach Ua Briain and received a very large stipend of valuables and riches from the king of Mumu” in 1070[707]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "the son of Conchobair Ua Mail Sechnaill (king of Temuir), Gofraid grandson of Ragnall king of Áth Cliath, and Domnall son of Gilla Pátraic king of Osraige…submitted to Tairdelbach Ua Briain king of Mum” in 1072 and “gave acknowledgement and high-kingship to him”[708]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1087 of "Domnall mac Gilla Pátraic king of Osraige”[709]. m ---. The name of Domnall´s wife is not known. Domnall & his wife had two children:

(a) DONNCHAD (-killed 1090). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1090 of "Donnchadh son of Domnall Ua Gilla Pátraic…slain”[710].

(b) MUIRCHERTACH (-1095). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1095 of "Muirchertach son of Domnall son of Gilla Pátraic, royal heir of Osraige”[711].

(c) [GILLA PATRAIC “Ruad/Red” (-killed in battle Mag Coba, Ulster 1103). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. King of Ossory. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Gilla Pátraic Ruad king of Osraige” was killed in 1103 at “the battle of Mag Coba”[712].] m ---. The name of Gilla Patraic´s wife is not known. Gilla Patraic & his wife had one child:

(1) DONNCHAD (-killed 1123). King of Ossory. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Tadc son of Mac Carthaig accompanied by the Desmumu went to Osraige” and “Ua Gilla Pátraic king of Osraige submitted to him”, adding that “the nobles of Osraige including their king were imprisoned by the Dál Cais”[713]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Donncadh Húa Gilla Padraic king of Ossory” was killed in 1123[714]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1123 of "the son of Gilla Pátraic, king of Osraige…slain by his own people”[715].

ii) DONNCHAD (-killed 1089). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Donncadh mac Gilla Padraic king of Ossory” was killed in 1089[716].

iii) CERBALL (-1105). The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 1105 of "Cerball son of Domnall son of Gilla Pátraic, king of the south of Osraige”[717].

2. DUNGHAL (-killed 1015). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Dunghal son of Gillaphadraig son of Donnchadh” was killed in 1015 by “Maelseachlainn [in a raid] into Ossory”[718].

3. MUIRCHERTACH (-killed 1041). Joint King of Ossory. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Muirchertach Mac Gilla Pátraic one of the two kings of Ossory” was killed in 1041 by “the Húi Caeluide his own people”[719].

4. TAIDHG (-after 1027). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Tadhg Mac Gillaphadraig” was blinded in 1027 by “the lord of Osraighe, Donnchadh Mac Gillaphadraig”[720]. m ---. The name of Taidhg´s wife is not known. Taidhg & his wife had one child:

a) DERBORGAILL (-after 1098). The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that “Derborgaill daughter of Tadg, son of Gilla Pátraic, mother of Muirchertach Húa Bríáin king of Ireland…rested in Glendalough” in 1098[721]. m TORDELBACH, son of TADGH & his wife --- ([1008/09]-Cenn Coradh 14 Jul 1086). He succeeded in 1064 as King of Munster.

Chapter 6. MEATH

The kingdom of Meath was one of the five main regional kingdoms in Ireland. However, it is only mentioned in the Annals of Tigernach from the early 1020s. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that Henry II King of England arrived in Ireland in 1171, went to Dublin where he received “the kingship of Leinster and of the men of Meath, Brefne, Oriel and Ulster”[722].

A. KINGS of MEATH

1. AENGUS, son of DONNCHAD King of Ireland & his first wife Caineach --- (-943). Lord of Meath. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 943 of “Aenghus son of Donnchadh son of Flann, lord of Meath”[723].

2. AEDH, son of FLANN Ua Maelseachlainn & his wife --- . King of Meath. His parentage is confirmed by the Annals of the Four Masters which record the death in 972 of “Muircheartach son of Aedh son of Flann Ua Maelseachlainn King of Meath”[724]. m ---. The name of Aedh´s wife is not known. Aedh & his wife had three children:

a) DONNCHAD Finn (-killed 972). Lord of Meath. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Donnchadh Finn son of Aedh, lord of Meath” was killed in 972 by “Aghda son of Dubhcenn son of Tadhgan, lord of Teathba”[725]. The Annals of Inisfallen record the death in 974 of "Donnchadh Finn son of Mael Sechnaill”[726], but this appears to refer to the same person. m ---. The name of Donnchad´s wife is not known. Donnchad & his wife had two children:

i) DOMNALL (-after 997). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Domhnall son of Donnchadh Finn” was blinded in 996 by “Maelseachlainn son of Domhnall”[727]. The Annals of Ulster record the same event in 997[728].

ii) DONNCHAD (-killed in battle 1012). The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Donnchadh son of Donnchadh Finn and the Ui-Meith” plundered “Lann-Leire” in 1002 but were defeated by “Cathal son of Labhraidh”[729]. The Annals of the Four Masters record that “Donnchadh son of Donnchadh Finn royal heir of Teamhair” was killed in 1012 fighting “Ualgharg Ua Ciardha lord of Cairbre and the son of Niall O´Ruairc and the men of Teathbha”[730].

b) MUIRCHERTACH (-killed 972). King of Meath. The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 972 of “Muircheartach son of Aedh son of Flann Ua Maelseachlainn King