Lotharingia was an entirely artificial political creation and its name an artificial composition. Emperor Lothaire I, son of the Carolingian Emperor Louis I "the Pious" became king of Lotharingia under the division of imperial territories agreed by the treaty of Verdun 11 Aug 843. The newly created kingdom covered a wide strip of land which stretched from the North Sea coast southwards to Italy, and included present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Germany west of the river Rhine, the French provinces of Alsace, Lorraine, Burgundy and Provence, Switzerland and parts of northern Italy, as well as the imperial cities of Aachen, Pavia and Rome. The kingdom was divided between the sons of Emperor Lothaire after he abdicated in 855, the territory called Lotharingia then being restricted to present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Germany west of the Rhine, the French provinces of Alsace, Lorraine, and Switzerland. Lotharingia was further divided between the East and West Frankish kingdoms in 870 following the death without direct male heirs of Lothaire II King of Lotharingia[1]. The boundary was marked by the river Maas/Meuse and its tributary the Ourche in the south. This division proved to be a temporary arrangement, but it set the scene for conflict between France and Germany over Lotharingia which was to last many years. Lotharingia was in effect integrated into the East Frankish kingdom (Germany) after the death in 900 of Zwentibold, last independent king of Lotharingia, but this was challenged by Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks. After the deposition of King Charles III in 923, German influence in the territory of Lotharingia predominated. According to Thietmar of Merseburg, Heinrich I King of Germany secured the release of King Charles from prison and in return was rewarded with "the right hand of St Denis and the entire kingdom of the Lotharingians"[2]. For the rest of the 10th century, this was a source of bitter dispute with the French kings who constantly attempted to invade Lotharingia to reassert control.

The duchies of Upper and Lower Lotharingia were created in 959 in response to local rebellions and in order to assert greater local control from Germany. At the outset, it is more accurate to describe the new rulers as "associate" dukes who governed under the central authority of Bruno Duke of Lotharingia (brother of the German king and also archbishop of Köln). In common with most administrative arrangements concerning Lotharingia, the division between the Upper and Lower duchies was artificial and poorly reflected natural, geographic, national and linguistic boundaries, although Upper Lotharingia corresponded roughly to the ecclesiastical province of Trier and Lower Lotharingia to the archbishopric of Köln.

The development of the counties which made up the duchy of Upper Lotharingia is best considered by first reviewing the Carolingian pagi which predated the formation of the kingdom of Lotharingia. These can be divided between the ecclesiastical provinces of Trier, Metz, Verdun and Toul, all of which lay within the archiepiscopal province of Trier:

· In the diocesis of Trier, Longnon lists eight pagi during early Carolingian times[3]. The pagus Bedensis was the largest and included the city of Trier itself. North of Trier lay the pagus Carasco, which included the monastery of Prüm and formed the ecclesiastical doyenné of Kilburg. In the territory west of Trier, in what is now northern France, south-eastern Belgium and the grand-duchy of Luxembourg, lay the pagus Evodiensis (around the town of Ivoy, now called Carignan, in north-east France, near the present-day border with the Belgian province of Luxembourg) which corresponded with the doyennés of Ivoy and Juvigny, the pagus Arrelensis (around the town of Arlon, the doyennés of Arlon and Longuyon), and the pagus Methingowe (later called pagus Mattensis, the doyennés of Mersch and Luxembourg, which Longnon suggests may formerly have been called the pagus Recensis). The pagus Saroensis (Sarahgawe) lay south of Trier, in what is now the German district of Saarland. North-east of Trier lay the pagus Maginensis (later Meginovelt or Meinfeld) and the pagus Trigorius centred on the town of Boppart, but these two pagi lay to the east of the border of Lotharingia in the German province of Franconia.

· Six pagi made up the diocesis of Metz[4]. From east to west, these were the pagus Blesensis, which lay along the boundary with the diocese of Trier, the pagus Nidensis, and the pagus Mettensis, around the town of Metz itself. South of these, also from east to west, were the pagus Albensis, the pagus Rosalinsis, and the pagus Salinensis.

· The diocese of Toul included eight pagi[5]. The pagus Tullensis surrounded the town of Toul itself. The pagus Scarponensis lay the north of Toul, around the towns of Dieulouard and Pont-à-Mousson, and to the west the pagus Bedensis (different from the pagus of the same name in the diocesis of Trier). The pagus Barrensis lay further east around the town of Bar-le-Duc, and south of Bar-le-Duc around Ligny was the pagus Odornensis. South-east of Nancy, around the town of Neufchâteau, lay the pagus Solecensis, as well as the pagus Suentensis (later the county of Saintois), and the pagus Calmontensis (Chaumont).

· The diocese of Verdun, west of Metz, included only the pagus Virdunensis and the pagus Ornensis[6].

The 870 treaty, which divided the territory of Lotharingia between the east and west Frankish kingdoms, sets out an apparently exhaustive list of the administrative entities which were allocated to the brothers Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks, cathedral towns, abbeys and counties.

The counties in the Upper Lotharingian duchy lie in the south-east corner of Belgium, east of the river Ourthe, and in present-day Luxembourg, in western Germany south of the Ripuarian counties (which are located in the duchy of Lower Lotharingia), and in the area of north-east France which later developed as the duchies of Lorraine and Bar. Alsace is difficult to categorise. Originally part of the duchy of Swabia, under the 870 treaty which divided Lotharingia between the East and West Frankish kingdoms "…in Elisatio comitatus II…" were assigned to Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks[7]. However, the two Alsatian counties (Sundgau and Nordgau) do not appear to have been considered part of the duchy of Upper Lotharingia. To avoid confusion, the nobility of Alsace is set out in the separate document ALSACE which is grouped with SWABIA in the categorisation in Medieval Lands. Separate documents show the dukes of LORRAINE, the counts and dukes of BAR, and the counts of LUXEMBOURG. Other counts are referred to in contemporary primary source documentation without reference to their geographical counties, so cannot be categorised geographically: these individuals are set out in the Lotharingian chapter of the document GERMAN NOBILITY. The present document shows the remaining early medieval counties in Upper Lotharingia. These are all small counties, some of which were short-lived and whose boundaries are difficult to define precisely. Assignment of counts to these counties was in many cases of short duration, with many changes and exchanges of territories (including between the Lower and Upper duchies) which renders satisfactory reconstruction of the comital families extremely challenging. What is clear is that a finite group of local higher nobility enjoyed power in both Upper and Lower Lotharingia, linked by family relationships many of which will never be identified precisely because of insufficient information in surviving primary sources. Onomastics is of some use in identifying possible connections, but the number of permutations through both male and female lines is generally too numerous to render precise identification anything other than speculative. This difficulty is increased because of the changes in comital assignments which make it impossible to assess with any accuracy the extent to which appointments were hereditary within the same families.

Another important question is whether the counts in these minor counties were counts "of" the counties (implying territorial exclusivity) or counts "in" the counties (which could involve some form of territorial division within each county). In other words, the extent to which the "county" in early medieval times represented a coherent administrative unit with recognised jurisdictional and territorial boundaries. The conclusion that a particular count "ruled" a particular county is based in many cases on a single phrase in a contemporary charter which asserts that a specific property was located (for example) "in pago Bedensi in comitatu Otthonis", in accordance with the generally used formulation. However, this description does not guarantee that (in this case) Comte Otto ruled in all parts of "pagus Bedensis". In fact, the wording could equally be interpreted as indicating that his jurisdiction was limited to the area surrounding his castle, which happened to include the property in question. In addition, many cases can be found where an individual count is recorded in charters in more than one county at approximately the same time. Research into the early pagi/counties in neighbouring Saxony and Franconia (see GERMAN NOBILITY, SAXONY and FRANCONIA) suggests that more than one count ruled at the same time in the larger counties, the counties of Grabfeld and Wormsgau being the obvious examples. This suggests that calling the local divisions "counties", as if they constituted fully functioning administrative units under a single central authority, may misrepresent the situation. Unfortunately there is insufficient surviving primary source data to provide a definitive answer to this question, but it is undoubtedly one which deserves further research.

The Upper Lotharingian counties which evolved in south-east Belgium and Luxembourg were Arlon, Woevre ("Wavrense comitatus II" in the 870 treaty, assumed to be Matensis/Methingowe and Ivois) in which the counties of Chiny and Longwy emerged in the early 11th century, and the county of Luxembourg itself, which evolved from the western German county of Bidgau ("Bedagowa" in the 870 treaty) which straddled both banks of the river Mosel and included the cathedral city of Trier and the abbeys of Echternach, Prüm and St Maximin. The other western German counties were Bliesgau ("Blesitchowa" in the 870 treaty) in which the counties of Bliescastel and Hüneburg developed in the early 12th century, Lower Saargau ("Sarachowa subterior" in the 870 treaty) also called the county of Waldervinga or Rizzigau, which developed into the county of Saarbrücken in the 12th century, Mayenfeld ("Megenensium" in the 870 treaty), Niedgau ("Nitachowa" in the 870 treaty), and Upper Saargau ("Sarachowa superior" in the 870 treaty). Much of the German land in Upper Lotharingia was gradually transferred to ecclesiastical administration, either the archbishopric of Trier or local monasteries.

The largest part of Upper Lotharingia was located in what is now French territory. The counties of Castres ("Castricium" in the 870 treaty), Dormois ("Dulmense" in the 870 treaty) in which the county of Grandpré emerged in the early 11th century, Mouzon ("Mosminse" in the 870 treaty), and Woevre ("Wavrense") in which the counties of Chiny, Ivois (previously the pagus Evodiensis) and Longwy evolved, lay south of the present Belgian border, north and east of the French county of Champagne. South of this area lay the counties of Verdun ("Viridunense" in the 870 treaty) and Bar ("Barrense" in the 870 treaty), the latter becoming a separate duchy in 1354 long after Upper Lotharingia had ceased to exist as an entity. East of Verdun was the city and county of Metz ("civitatem Mettis…et comitatu Moslensi" in the 870 treaty). South of Metz lay the counties of Charpeigne ("Scarponinse" in the 870 treaty) in which the abbey of Gorze was located, Chaumont ("Calmontis" in the 870 treaty) which included the towns of Epinal, Nancy and Lunéville where the counties of Brixey, Mortagne and Sorcy developed in the 11th century, Saintois ("Suentisium" in the 870 treaty) in which the county of Vaudémont developed in the late 11th century, and Toul ("Tullense aliud Odornense" in the 870 treaty). The counties of Saulnois ("Seline" in the 870 treaty) and Soulossois ("Solocense" in the 870 treaty) were located in the eastern part of what developed as the duchy of Lorraine. In addition, there is the county of Ornois ("Odornense" in the 870 treaty) for which several possible locations have been identified. No named counts have been identified in the other Upper Lotharingian counties of Albensis ("Albechowa" in the 870 treaty), Bassigny ("Basiniacum" in the 870 treaty), Emaus ("Emaus" in the 870 treaty), Perthes ("Portense" in the 870 treaty), Salins ("Scudingum" in the 870 treaty), Sermorens ("Salmoringum" in the 870 treaty), and Varais ("Warasch" in the 870 treaty).

By categorising the Lotharingian counties geographically, one should not lose sight of the powerful authority of a handful of noble families which acquired territories scattered throughout the whole area of the ancient kingdom of Lotharingia and whose influence was paramount in the development of the territory and on the wider international political scene in western Europe. Of particular note are:

the Matfried family which dominated the west German Ripuarian counties in Lower Lotharingia from the 9th century and extended their influence southwards into Bidgau, Woevre, Bliesgau and Chaumont, and especially the county of Metz in Upper Lotharingia, and whose descendants eventually succeeded as dukes of Lorraine, the duchy which evolved from the rump of the duchy of Upper Lotharingia.
the Reginar family which extended their centre of activity from the Maasgau into the county of Hainaut, both in Lower Lotharingia, and whose descendants ruled the duchy of Brabant which emerged in the late 12th century.
the descendants of Wigerich [III] who ruled Bidgau in Upper Lotharingia but extended their influence westwards to Ardenne and southwards to Verdun, and ruled as dukes in both Upper and Lower Lotharingia, until the extinction of the two branches of the family in the male line in 1033 and 1076.
less well-known, and less long-lasting, was the power-base of Ansfrid [II], count of Hesbaie, Huy and Teisterbant in the latter part of the 11th century, and whose paternal uncle held fifteen different counties according to Thietmar, although both the uncle's precise identity and the identity of his counties are uncertain.
the family of the counts of Holland, which increased their power-base by acquiring control over many of the counties in the former duchy of Frisia.
the descendants of Siegfried, whose original power-base was Bidgau but who acquired Luxembourg and large areas in Ardenne, and who eventually were elevated to the imperial throne, and as a result of judicious dynastic marriages extended their control to Bohemia in the early 14th century and Hungary in the late 14th century, until their extinction in the senior male line in 1437.

The other important factor in the development of both Upper and Lower Lotharingia was the gradual acquisition of temporal power and territory by archbishoprics of Köln and Trier, and the bishoprics of Cambrai, Liège, Metz, Toul, Utrecht and Verdun. This resulted in the suppression of many previously autonomous and powerful counties (for example Verdun in Upper Lotharingia) and the splintering of the territories of others (particularly those in Ripuarian western Germany).

Chapter 1. COMTES d'ARLON

The origins of Waleran [I] Comte d'Arlon have not been traced. No references to earlier comtes d'Arlon have been found in the primary sources so far consulted. However, the county existed from at least the late 9th century as shown by the document dated 8 Aug 870, under which Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks agreed the division of the Lotharingian territories, which allocated "…comitatum…Arlon…" to King Charles[8]. The county was subsumed into the county of Limburg in the late 11th century.

1. WALERAN [I] (-before 1032). Comte d'Arlon. m ADELAIS de Lotharingia, daughter of THIERRY Duke of Upper Lotharingia [Wigeriche] & his wife Richilde --- (-after 1032). The Chronicon Sancti Huberti names "Adeladis comitissa Araeleonis" as daughter of "ducis Theoderici, soror Sigifridi [=error for Frederici] patris marchissæ Beatricis" (although the name of her husband is not specified) when recounting the story of her cubicularius having been bitten by a rabid dog[9]. The Gesta Treverorum refers to "comitissa de castello…Aralunæ, mater comitum Walrammi et Folconis, marito suo defuncto, astipulantibus filiis et filiabus suis", but does not name her or specify her origin[10]. Eberhard Archbishop of Trier refers to past donations by "comite Walrammo de Arlo et uxore ipsius Adelheide" in two charters dated 1052 and 1053, the second one referring to the confirmation of donations by "filiorum eorum Walrammi et Folconis" after the death of their parents[11], which appears to pull all the information together. Waleran [I] & his wife had two children:

a) WALERAN [II] d'Arlon (-1081). The Gesta Treverorum names "Walrammi et Folconis" as sons of "comitissa [Adelheid] de castello…Aralunæ"[12]. Eberhard Archbishop of Trier refers to past donations by "comite Walrammo de Arlo et uxore ipsius Adelheide" in two charters dated 1052 and 1053, the second one referring to the confirmation of donations by "filiorum eorum Walrammi et Folconis" after the death of their parents[13]. Comte d'Arlon. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that the dowry of Waleran's wife was "dominium ultra Mosam prope Leodium" and that he constructed "castrum de Lemborch" on the site[14]. Graaf van Limburg.

- GRAVEN van LIMBURG.

b) FOULQUES [Bolko] d'Arlon (-[after 1093]). The Gesta Treverorum names "Walrammi et Folconis" as sons of "comitissa [Adelheid] de castello…Aralunæ"[15]. Eberhard Archbishop of Trier refers to past donations by "comite Walrammo de Arlo et uxore ipsius Adelheide" in two charters dated 1052 and 1053, the second one referring to the confirmation of donations by "filiorum eorum Walrammi et Folconis" after the death of their parents[16]. Archbishop Udo of Trier donated property to Trier St Simon by charter dated 29 Jan 1068, subscribed by "Theoderici comitis, Henrici fratris eius, Walrammi comitis, Folconis comitis, Stephani comitis…"[17]. "…Walrammus et frater eius Volko comites de Arlo…" subscribed the charter dated 1093 under which "Heinricus…comes palatinus Rheni et dominus de Lacu…uxore mei Adleide" founded the abbey of Laach[18], although this document may be spurious in light of the date of death of Comte Waleran. m ---. The name of Foulques's wife is not known. Foulques & his wife had two children:

i) FREDERIC d'Arlon (-bur St Hubert, Ardennes). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comitem Fredericum et Beatricem" as children of "Fulco [filius Adela comitissa Arelesnis]", specifying that both died childless and were buried at St Hubert[19].

ii) BEATRIX d'Arlon (-bur St Hubert, Ardennes). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comitem Fredericum et Beatricem" as children of "Fulco [filius Adela comitissa Arelesnis]", specifying that both died childless and were buried at St Hubert[20].

Chapter 2. GRAFEN von BIDGAU

The county of Bidgau (pagus Bedensis) lay to the north of the county of Eifel, east of Ardenne, Woëvre and Saargau, south of Bliesgau and west of Nahegau (in Franconia). It straddled both banks of the river Mosel and included the cathedral city of Trier and the abbeys of Echternach, Prüm and St Maximin[21]. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Bedagowa…" to King Ludwig[22]. Stefan, of the Matfried family, is recorded as Graf von Bidgau in the late 10th century during the reign of Zwentibold King of Lotharingia. However, after the disgrace of the Matfried family under Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany, Bidgau passed to Count Wigerich. The family of the comtes de Luxembourg retained property in Bidgau in the 11th century but they are not recorded as Grafen von Bidgau after the early part of the century. They are, however, recorded as avoués of the abbeys of St Maximin and Echternach during this period which demonstrates their continuing important role in the affairs of the county. The archbishopric of Trier had progressively expanded its temporal power over large parts of the county and by 26 Jun 973, the date of a charter by which Emperor Otto II granted extensive lands north of the Mosel to Archbishop Theoderich[23], the county of Bidgau had virtually disappeared.

A. GRAFEN von BIDGAU

1. LIETARD [I] (-after 10 May 879). An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[24]. An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travels across the Meuse[25]. Graf von Bidgau: "Hludowicus…rex" donated property "villam Fao in pago Bedense et in comitatu Leuthardi" to Kloster Gorze by charter dated 10 May 879[26].

1. STEFAN, son of --- (-after [900]). Comte de Chaumont: Arnulf King of Germany granted property "in pago Calmenzgouve in comitatu Stephani in locis…Granswillari et Rosieres" to "abbati Stephano" by charter dated 19 May 891[27]. Emperor Arnulf confirmed complaints by Arnaud Bishop of Toul against "comes Stephanus et Gerardus frater suus et Matfridus", on the intervention of "filii nostri Zuenzoboldi et Vikenindi ducis", by undated charter, marked as spurious in the compilation although there is no reason why the genealogical information should be considered inaccurate[28]. Graf von Bidgau: King Zwentibold donated property "in pago Piatahgeuue in comitatu Stefani comitis…Steinheim, Carescara, Oppilendorf, Bullendorf, Arenza, Maquila, Gladehch, Uffichine" to the canons of Echternach by charter dated 28 Oct 895[29]. Ludwig "das Kind" King of the East Franks confirmed an exchange of property between Kloster Fulda and "nobilis comes Stefan" with the consent of "germani sui Walohonis viri religiosi" by spurious charter dated 900[30].

1. WIGERICH [III] (-[19 Jan 916/919], bur Abbaye de Saint-Glossinde, Metz). "Zuendeboldus…rex" donated property to the church of Trier by charter dated 23 Jan 899 which names "Richquinus et Widiacus…comites nostri"[31]. He was given the right to coin money in part of the archbishopric of Trier in 902[32]. Ludwig "das Kind" King of Germany restored property taken by "Conradus et Gebehartus comites" to the church of Trier with the consent of "Wigerici comitis" by charter dated 19 Sep 902[33]. Graf von Bidgau: the monastery of St Maximin exchanged property "in pago Nedinse in comitatu Liutardi in loco…Burmeringas" for property "in pago Bedinse in comitatu Widrici…villa…Eslingis" with "Roricus" (vassal of Trier) by charter dated 1 Jan 909, subscribed by "Widrici comitis"[34]. Comte d'Ardenne. Comes palatii of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks in 916. King Charles III restored Kloster Süsteren to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 19 Jan 916 which names "fidelium nostrorum…Widricus comes palatii, Richuuinus comes, Gislebertus, Matfridus, Beringerius comites, Theodericus comes, Reinherus comes, Erleboldus"[35].

a) GOZELON ([before 915]-[12 Oct 942/16 Feb 943]). His parentage is indicated by the charter dated 943 which refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinesdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[36]. As Frederic is known to have been the brother of Adalberon Bishop of Metz, whose parents are known (see above), it is assumed that all five individuals were sons of Wigeric and Cunegondis (although it is also possible that some or all of them were uterine brothers born from the second marriage of Cunegundis).

i) GODEFROI (-after 3 Sep [998 or after], bur Gent St Peter). His parentage is proved by the charter dated 6 Apr 997 by which "Otto…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights of "monasterio super fluvium Mose" founded by "Gotefridi comitis nostrique fidelis…et coniux sua pro anime sui fratris Alberonis"[37]. Graf von Bidgau: "Bovo cum coniuge mea Engila" donated property "ex hereditate paterna…in villa Dundeva in comitatu Bedense cui Godefridus comes preesse dinoscitur" to St Maximin at Trier by charter dated 1 Nov 959[38]. He was installed as Comte de Verdun before [960]: "Rodulfus filius quondam…comitis Rodulfi et eius…coniugis Evæ" donated property "res…meæ…in pago et in comitatu Virdunensi…Geldulfi villa" for the souls of "senioris mei Wigfridi episcopi et parentis mei Ottonis, Gisleberti quondam comitis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [960], subscribed by "Gotdefridi comitis et fratris eius Heinrici"[39].

ii) other children: COMTES d'ARDENNE.

b) other children: COMTES d'ARDENNE.

2. OTTO, son of --- (-16 Apr after 978). "Rodulfus filius quondam…comitis Rodulfi et eius…coniugis Evæ" donated property "res…meæ…in pago et in comitatu Virdunensi…Geldulfi villa" for the souls of "senioris mei Wigfridi episcopi et parentis mei Ottonis, Gisleberti quondam comitis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [960], subscribed by "Gotdefridi comitis et fratris eius Heinrici"[40]. Graf von Bidgau: "Udo cum coniuge mea Gisla" donated property "in pago Bedensi in comitatu Otthonis" to St Maximin at Trier by charter dated 978[41]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "XVI Kal Mai" of "Otto comes"[42].

1. HEINRICH, son of SIEGFRIED Graf [Luxembourg] & his wife Hedwig --- (before 17 Sep 964-27 Feb 1026). "Sygefridus comes" reached an agreement with Heinrich Archbishop of Trier by charter dated 17 Sep 964 which names "coniunx mea Hadewige, filiusque noster Henricus"[43]. The likely chronology of the other members of this family suggests that Heinrich must have been an infant at that time. The Annalista Saxo names "Teoderici Metensi episcopi et Heinrich postmodum ducis Bawarici" as brothers of "domnam Cunigundam, felicis memorie virginem", wife of Emperor Heinrich II[44]. Comte [de Luxembourg]. Herimannus names "Theoderico Metense episcopo et Heinrico Baioriæ duce Fridericoque comite" as brothers of "Adalbero clericus, reginæ Cunigundis germanus", when recording their rebellion against Emperor Heinrich II and deprival of Heinrich's title of Duke of Bavaria in 1008[45]. Vogt of St Maximin at Trier. His brother-in-law Heinrich II King of Germany appointed him in 1004 as HEINRICH V Duke of Bavaria but resumed the title himself in 1009. According to Gade, this was due to a dispute over the archbishopric of Trier to which Duke Heinrich was manoeuvring to appoint his brother Adalbert, in opposition to King Heinrich who feared that too much power would accrue to the Luxembourg family[46]. Graf von Bidgau: "Everbero ex nobili prosapia origen" donated property "in pago Bitgouuensi in comitatu Henrici ducis in villa…Frenkinka" to St Maximin, at the request of "fratris sui…Wazonis qui monastica religione…est", by charter dated in the compilation to [993], but presumably dateable to after 1004 as Heinrich is given the ducal title[47]. Henri was reappointed duke of Bavaria in 1017, but lost the title after the death of Emperor Heinrich II in 1024. Thietmar records that "the empress…enthroned her brother Heinrich as duke of Bavaria" in 1018[48]. As "Hezzilo Duke of Bavaria", brother of Empress Kunigunde, he is recorded as the latter's adviser in Wipo's description of the election of Konrad II King of Germany in 1024[49]. He lost the title after the election of King Konrad II in 1024. The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavariæ records the death in 1026 of "Heinricus dux Bavarie frater sancte Chunigundis"[50]. The necrology of Ranshofen records the death "III Kal Mar" of "Heinricus dux frater Chunigundis imperatricis"[51].

2. other children: COMTES de LUXEMBOURG.

3. FRIEDRICH (-6 Oct 1019). Herimannus names "Theoderico Metense episcopo et Heinrico Baioriæ duce Fridericoque comite" as brothers of "Adalbero clericus, reginæ Cunigundis germanus", when recording their rebellion against Emperor Heinrich II in 1008[52].

B. HERREN von ESCH (an der SAUER)

1. FREDELON (-27 Aug [1083/85]). Vogt von Echternach. Vogt of Malmedy 1057. m ([after 1064]) [as her second husband,] ERMENGARDE Ctss [de Clermont], [widow of GOZELON Comte de Montaigu,] daughter of [WIDRICH] [I] [Comte de Clermont] & his wife [Hersende ---] (-after 1091). "Gislebertus comes Clarimontis" names "amite mee Ermingardi comitisse et filiis eius" in the charter dated 1091 under which he donated the church of Saint-Symphorien to Cluny[53]. Assuming that "amite" in this document is interpreted strictly, Ermengarde was the donor´s paternal aunt, although this is not beyond all doubt because of the flexible interpretation of such terms indicating relationships in contemporary documentation. Her birth date range is estimated from her eldest son by her first marriage being born in the range [1040/50]. Archbishop Poppo of Trier confirmed the donation by "comitem Kadelonem et eius contectalem Irmingart" of hereditary property "de chorte Prümizvelt" by undated charter, dated to [1040/44], subscribed by "Duci Godefrido, Adalberto de Musel, comes Becelinus…"[54]. Ermengarde Ctss de Montaigu donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hubert by charter dated 1064, which names her brothers Comte Hescelin, Renaud and Baudouin[55], identified as the sons of Hildrad [Hezelin] Comte [de Grandpré], which suggests the identity of Ermengarde's mother as Hildrad's wife (as discussed more fully above). Two charters indicate a close connection between Ermengarde and Bruno von Heimbach. Hildolf Archbishop of Köln donated property "ubi ipsa [Ermentrudis] hereditariam partem cum Brunone habuerat…Strala" (Stralen near Geldern) to the abbey of Siegburg by charter dated 1076[56]. Siegwin Archbishop of Köln noted a donation of property at Stralen by "Irmengarda comitissa", by charter dated [1079/89], which states that her parents were buried at the abbey of Rees and that she had retained rights in Aspel[57]. The fact of Ermengarde having married at least twice is confirmed by the charter dated 1091 under which the bishop of Cambrai confirmed the donation by "Ermengardis de Monte Acuto" to the abbey of Saint-André du Cateau for the souls of her spouses ("conjugum")[58]. The identity of her other husband is suggested by the charter dated 1138 under which "Reinardus comitis de Ascha Gisleberti filius" renewed the right of the monks of Flône to take wood from his part of the forests "Clerimontis", granted previously by "pater eius et comes Lambertus"[59]. "Comes Lambertus" in this document is identified as Lambert Comte de Montaigu, who was Ermengarde´s grandson by her marriage to Gozelo Comte de Montaigu. The father of "Reinardus comitis de Ascha Gisleberti filius" can be identified as "Gislebertus comes de Aska" who granted the right to take wood from his forests in "sus possessionis de Claromonte" to the monks of Flône, for the souls of "patris sui Fredelonis et matris suæ Ermengardis et uxoris sue Aelaidis et ipsius comitis Gisleberti", by charter dated 1131, after 18 Mar[60]. The fact that Lambert Comte de Montaigu and Giselbert Graf von Esch both shared rights in property in Clermont is best explained by the co-identity of the two persons named Ermengarde from whom they were both descended, and from whom they would have inherited these rights. If this is correct, Gozelon would have been Ermengarde´s first husband and Fredelo her second. Fredelo & his wife had four children:

a) HEINRICH [I] (-in Palestine 1098 after 1 Aug, bur Turbessel). Herr von Esch. William of Tyre names "Henricus de Ascha" among those who left on the First Crusade in 1096 with Robert Count of Flanders[61]. Albert of Aix names "Henri fils de Fredelon de Hache" when recording that he crossed the river Farfar swimming with his horse to attack Antioch in 1098, and in a later passage specifies that he was "l'un des parents collatéraux du duc Godefroi"[62]. William of Tyre names "dominus Henricus de Ascha et Godefridus frater eius" as participating in the First Crusade[63]. Albert of Aix records that "Henri de Hache et le comte Herman" constructed a siege machine called "renard" which collapsed when they pushed it into action against the walls[64]. Albert of Aix records that "…Henri de Hache…" was among those who guarded Adhémar Bishop of Le Puy into the mountains towards the port of Simeon after finding the holy lance[65]. Albert of Aix records the death of "Henri de Hache" during an epidemic and his burial at Turbessel[66].

b) GOTTFRIED . William of Tyre names "dominus Henricus de Ascha et Godefridus frater eius" as participating in the First Crusade[67]. 1096/[1138]. "Henricus de Ase frater eius Godefridus" were named as present in the charter of "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" dated Feb 1098 relating to the abbey of Nivelles[68], although other sources indicate that both were absent on crusade at that date.

c) GISELBERT (-after 18 Mar 1131). "Gislebertus comes de Aska" granted the right to take wood from his forests in "sus possessionis de Claromonte" to the monks of Flône, for the souls of "patris sui Fredelonis et matris suæ Ermengardis et uxoris sue Aelaidis et ipsius comitis Gisleberti", by charter dated 1131, after 18 Mar[69]. Graf von Esch. It is unclear why Giselbert was accorded the comital title in sources and not his brothers Heinrich and Gottfried. One possibility is that Giselbert was the oldest brother. Another possibility is that they did not share the same mother and the Giselbert inherited his title in some way from his maternal family. A third possibility is that Giselbert´s title was due to his marriage with the heiress of a county. m AELIDE, daughter of ---. "Gislebertus comes de Aska" granted the right to take wood from his forests in "sus possessionis de Claromonte" to the monks of Flône, for the souls of "patris sui Fredelonis et matris suæ Ermengardis et uxoris sue Aelaidis et ipsius comitis Gisleberti", by charter dated 1131, after 18 Mar[70]. Gislebert & his wife had one child:

i) RENARD (-after 1157). "Reinardus comitis de Ascha Gisleberti filius" renewed the right of the monks of Flône to take wood from his part of the forests "Clerimontis", granted previously by "pater eius et comes Lambertus", by charter dated 1138[71]. "Theodericus miles […filius Theoderici judicis de Harmala], Robertus frater eius, Godefridus, Ailberti filius" donated a field at Hottine and a mill at Ombret to Flône abbey, through the hands of "domini sui Reinardi…Heinricus filius domini Reinardi et uxor ipsius Lietgardis, filia quoque Roberti Richira", by charter dated 1146[72]. Seigneur de Hermalle[-sous-Huy]: "Godefridus de Claromonte comes de Duras" confirmed the grant of rights "in silva sua de Claro Monte" by "patris sui" to the monks of Flône, with the consent of "participe suo Reinardo", by charter dated 1157, followed by another charter dated 1157 under which Henri Bishop of Liège confirmed the grant by "Godefridus comes de Durays et Renardus de Harmala"[73]. m LIETGARDE, daughter of ROBERT Richira & his wife --- (-after 1150). "Theodericus miles […filius Theoderici judicis de Harmala], Robertus frater eius, Godefridus, Ailberti filius" donated a field at Hottine and a mill at Ombret to Flône abbey, through the hands of "domini sui Reinardi…Heinricus filius domini Reinardi et uxor ipsius Lietgardis, filia quoque Roberti Richira", by charter dated 1146[74]. A charter dated 1150 confirmed various donations to Flône abbey, including those by "Godefridus comes…Reinardus…cum uxore sua Liegarde et filio Heinrico"[75]. Reinhard & his wife had one child:

(a) HENRI (-after 1187). "Theodericus miles […filius Theoderici judicis de Harmala], Robertus frater eius, Godefridus, Ailberti filius" donated a field at Hottine and a mill at Ombret to Flône abbey, through the hands of "domini sui Reinardi…Heinricus filius domini Reinardi et uxor ipsius Lietgardis, filia quoque Roberti Richira", by charter dated 1146[76]. A charter dated 1150 confirmed various donations to Flône abbey, including those by "Godefridus comes…Reinardus…cum uxore sua Liegarde et filio Heinrico"[77]. Seigneur de Hermalle[-sous-Huy]: "Cono comes Monti Acuti et Duraz" granted his rights in the church of Saint-Martin at Hermalle to the monks of Flône by charter dated 1182, witnessed by "Henricus de Harmala…"[78]. "Cono…comes de Duras" renounced rights to revenue from properties of Flône abbey at Hottine, on the intervention of "domino Egidio fratre meo", by charter dated 1187, witnessed by "Petrus frater comitis, Henricus de Harmala…"[79].

d) daughter . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m BERTRAM von Bourscheidt, son of ---. 1095.

The precise relationship between Gottfried [II] Herr von Esch and the above family has not yet been ascertained.

1. GOTTFRIED [II] (-[1150] or after). Herr von Esch. "Heinricus advocatus et filius eius Heinricus, Godefridus de Asca et comes de Dorbui Heinricus adhuc puer" subscribed the charter dated 1124 under which "Cuono…Stabulensis abbas" recounted the settlement reached over the church of Bra[80]. Graf 1135. m (before 1124) as her second husband, ALIX de Grandpré, widow of GODEFROI Comte de Durbuy, daughter of HENRI [I] Comte de Grandpré & his wife Ermentrude de Joux [Grandson]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Henricum et Adelidem" as children of "Henricus de Grandi-prato" & his wife, specifying that Adelidis married firstly "Godefrido de Durbuil, frater comitis de Namuco et comitis de Rupe" and secondly "Godefrido de Aissa"[81]. The date of this marriage is not known, but Alix's second husband subscribed a charter dated 1124 together with her son by her first marriage. Gottfried [II] & his wife had five children:

a) ROBERT (-25 Aug [1170]). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum Fusniacensem abbatem et Henricum, Fredericum atque Bartholomeum necnon Ermengardem" as children of "Godefrido de Aissa" & his wife[82]. Abbé de Foigny.

b) HEINRICH [II] . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum Fusniacensem abbatem et Henricum, Fredericum atque Bartholomeum necnon Ermengardem" as children of "Godefrido de Aissa" & his wife[83].

c) FRIEDRICH . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum Fusniacensem abbatem et Henricum, Fredericum atque Bartholomeum necnon Ermengardem" as children of "Godefrido de Aissa" & his wife[84]. 1182.

d) BARTHOLOMÄUS von Esch (-before 1192). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum Fusniacensem abbatem et Henricum, Fredericum atque Bartholomeum necnon Ermengardem" as children of "Godefrido de Aissa" & his wife[85].

- HERREN von ESCH, HERREN von USELDINGEN[86].

e) ERMENGARDE . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum Fusniacensem abbatem et Henricum, Fredericum atque Bartholomeum necnon Ermengardem" as children of "Godefrido de Aissa" & his wife[87].

Chapter 3. GRAFEN von BLIESGAU, GRAFEN von BLIESCASTEL, GRAFEN von HÜNEBURG

The county of Bliesgau lay east of the Saargau around the river Blies which joins the river Saar at Sarreguemines, at present a town in northern Lorraine on the border with Germany. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Blesitchowa…Sarachowa superior…" to King Ludwig[88]. In the mid-10th century, the counties of Bliesgau and upper Saargau were administered by the Folmar family.

1. EHRENFRIED, son of --- (-after 14 Jun 904). "Matronæ Hildildæ" donated property to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 20 Dec 866 which names "Irimifridus et Sigiricus comites necnon et Guntbertus atque Hadabaldus"[89]. Graf von Bliesgau. The Chronicon Laureshamense records a donation dated "877 Kal Oct" by "Liutharii" which is signed by "…Erinfridi comitis…"[90]. "Arnolfus…rex" granted property "in pago Bliesiggowe in comitatu Ereinfridi" to "nobili viro Folcwin" by charter dated 13 Jun 888[91]. Comte de Charpeigne: King Zwentibold donated property "in pago Uirdunensi in comitatu Rihuuini atque in pago Scarmis in comitatu Irenfridi capellam…Acei" to the monks of St Mihiel by charter dated 14 Aug 895[92]. The Chronicon Laureshamense records an exchange of property between "Hattonis archiepiscopi et abbatis de Riamnis" dated "904 XVIII Kal Iul" witnessed by "…Erinfridus comes…"[93].

1. ODACRE [Odoacar] (-after [901/02]). Graf von Bliesgau: Robert Bishop of Metz granted property "in pago Blesinsi in comitatu Odacri comitis in villa…Letoltingos…" to Kloster Neumünster by charter dated 17 Feb 893[94]. King Zwentibold donated property of "…Odacrus…comes in pago Treuerens" to St Maximin, Trier by charter dated 28 Jan 897[95]. Regino records that in 897 "Stephanus, Odacar, Gerardus et Matfridus comites" had their honours confiscated, and the reconciliation of "Stephanus, Gerhardus et Matfridus" with King Zwentibold soon after[96]. Regino records that in 898 Zwentibold King of Lotharingia banished "Reginarium ducem…sibi fidissimum et unicum consiliarium" who went with "Odacro comite et quibusdam aliis, cum mulieribus et parvulis" to "Durfos" (near "Mosa fluvius") where they were besieged[97]. Regino names "Odacar comes" in 899[98]. Comte d'Ardenne 901-902. His name suggests a family connection with Baudouin Count of Flanders whose father bore the same name.

2. ODACRE (-after 966). Graf von Saargau. The abbey of Vergaville was founded "in comitatu Saraburg ubi…Odacher…præesse…in villa Liezdorf" by charter dated 966[99].

1. FOLMAR [III] (-[994/95]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The abbot of Gorze ratified acquisitions at “Flammereshem in Wormatie” by charter dated 14 Sep 977, subscribed by “…Folmeri comitis…”[100]. Graf im Bliesgau: "Otto…imperator augustus" made donations "in regno Lothariensi…Ernustesvuilere in pago Bliesichgoue in comitatu Volcmari comitis" to the Kloster St Gorgonius at Gorze in accordance with the last wishes of "Cunradus filius Ruodolfi quondam comitis" killed in battle with the Sarracens, by charter dated 26 Sep 982[101]. m BERTHA, sister of BERENGAR Chorbishop of Trier, daughter of ---. 995/96. "Berta" donated property "in villa Rodena sita in pago Sarensi in comitatu Waldrauingensi" to St Ludwin in Metlach naming "defuncti coniugis mei Volkmeri" by charter dated 995 witnessed by "Wetel comes et nepos eius Wetel…"[102]. "Domna Berta, viri illustris Volcmari comitis relicta" donated property "in pago Moselensi in comitatu Waldeleuinga cui Gisilbertus comes…villa Mudenfert" to St Maximin, Trier "per manum advocati nostri comitis Henrici" naming "Beringerum fratrum suum S Treurice sedis corepiscopum" by charter dated 996 witnessed by "Friderich comes"[103]. Folmar [III] & his wife had [three] children:

a) FOLMAR [IV] (-1026 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He founded St Rémy at Lunéville.

- see below.

b) STEFAN . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop of Toul 994/996.

c) [RICHILDE . This origin of the wife of Duke Thierry is suggested by the franchise granted in 1076 by Pibon Bishop of Toul to the chapel in the château of Amance, requested by Sophie de Bar, granddaughter of Duke Thierry I, which specifies that the castle had belonged to her grandfather inherited from Graf Folmar[104]. No other primary source which confirms her parentage more precisely has yet been identified. m THIERRY I Duke of Upper Lotharingia, son of FREDERIC I Duke of Upper Lotharingia & his wife Beatrix de France ([962/72]-11 Apr 1027).

FOLMAR [IV] de Metz, son of FOLMAR [III] Graf von Metz, Graf im Bliesgau & his wife Bertha --- (-1026 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He founded St Rémy at Lunéville. The Fundatio Ecclesiæ Sancti Georgii Lunarensis records that "comes Folmarus senex" founded the monastery of Saint-Rémy at Lunéville[105].

m GERBERGE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[106], she was possibly Gerberge de Verdun, daughter of Godefroi "der Gefangene" Comte de Verdun & his wife Mechtild of Saxony [Billung] but the basis for this speculation is not known.

Graf Folmar [IV] & his wife had three children:

1. GOTTFRIED [I] (-before 1056). The Fundatio Ecclesiæ Sancti Georgii Lunarensis records that "comes Folmarus et Godefridus" donated property "ad Consengis" for the soul of "patris sui Folmari"[107]. m JUDITH, daughter of ---. The Fundatio Ecclesiæ Sancti Georgii Lunarensis records that "comes Godefridus" donated property "apud Priviliacum" and "comitissa Iudith" gave property "ad Bovengis"[108]. The source does not specify that Judith was the wife of Gottfried but this is a reasonable interpretation as the wife of Gottfried's brother Folmar is named, and no other donor is named in the passage. Graf Gottfried [I] & his wife had two children:

a) FOLMAR [VI] . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Metz. 1055/75. m SUANEHILDE, daughter of --- (-before 1075). Graf Folmar [V] & his wife had two children:

i) FOLMAR [VII] (-25 Jun 1111, bur Lixheim). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Metz, Huneburg et Lunéville. He founded Lixheim in 1107.

- GRAFEN von METZ.

ii) GOTTFRIED [III] . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Bliesgau. 1075/98.

- GRAFEN von BLIESCASTEL.

b) GOTTFRIED [II] . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Vogt von Neuweiler. 1065/70. .

2. HERMANN [I] . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1030/34.

3. FOLMAR [V] (-after 1075). The Fundatio Ecclesiæ Sancti Georgii Lunarensis records that "comes Folmarus et Godefridus" donated property "ad Consengis" for the soul of "patris sui Folmari"[109]. Graf im Saargau 1065. m SPANCHILDIS, daughter of ---. The Fundatio Ecclesiæ Sancti Georgii Lunarensis records that "comes Folmarus" donated property for the soul of "uxoris suæ Spanchildis iacentes ad Marengis"[110]. Graf Folmar & his wife had one child:

a) HERMANN [II] . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. [Vogt von Hornbach 1072/[1100]].

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise shown below.

GOTTFRIED [III], son of FOLMAR [VI] Graf & his wife Suanehilde --- (-1098 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf im Bliesgau. 1075/98. Emperor Heinrich IV donated the abbey of Hornbach "in pago Blisengowe in comitatu Godefridi" to the church of Speyer by charter dated 1087[111].

m MATHILDE de Luxembourg, daughter of KONRAD I Comte de Luxembourg & his [first wife ---]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comitem Guilelmum de Luscelenburg…et Ermensendem…et Mathildem" as children of "Conrado comiti de Luscelenburch" & his wife Ermensendis, specifying that Mathilde was "comitissam de Longui et de Homborc et de Castris" and that she was mother of "comitem Folmerum et sorores eius Helvidem, quam habuit comes Gerardus de Reneke dyocesis Herbipolensis et illam qua dux de Bronsviic genuit filiam, que in Sclavia hereditavit"[112], although the Chronicle appears to skip a generation in this account. It is improbable, from a chronological point of view, that Mathilde was the daughter of Konrad´s wife Clémence, assuming that the latter is the same person as Clementia Gräfin von Gleichberg who is named in charters dated 1141 (see LUXEMBOURG). Considering that Mathilde´s son is named in 1087, it is unlikely that Mathilde herself could have been born much later than [1065]. If that is correct, Clémence would have been a centenarian when she died after 1141, which is unlikely. It is therefore probable that Mathilde was born from an earlier marriage of her father´s.

Godefroi & his wife had [three] children:

1. GOTTFRIED [I] (-1127 or after). Graf von Bliescastel. 1087/1127. m ---. Gottfried [I] & his wife had [nine] children:

a) FOLMAR [I] (-1179 or after). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mathildem [de Luscelenburch]" as mother of "comitem Folmerum et sorores eius Helvidem, quam habuit comes Gerardus de Reneke dyocesis Herbipolensis et illam qua dux de Bronsviic genuit filiam, que in Sclavia hereditavit"[113], although the Chronicle appears to skip a generation in this account. Graf von Bliescastel.

- see below.

b) DIETRICH (-before 1159). Graf von Hüneburg. Landgraf im (Unter-)Elsass [1135]. m ADELHEID von Habsburg, daughter of OTTO [II] Graf von Habsburg & his wife ---. A Habsburg genealogy names "Wernherum et Adelheidem de Huneburg" as the children of "Otto"[114]. 1155. Graf Dietrich & his wife had four children:

i) GOTTFRIED (-1175 or after). Graf von Hüneburg. Landgraf im Elsass. m --- von Werd, daughter of SIGEBERT [II] Graf von Werd.

ii) OTTO . Graf von Hüneburg 1153/1181.

iii) DIETRICH (-1182 or after, bur Werschweiler). Graf von Werburg 1179. Graf von Homburg 1182.

- GRAFEN und HERREN von HOMBURG[115].

iv) daughter.

c) GOTTFRIED .

d) GREGOR . Abbot of Prüm 1171-1179.

e) LOTHAR . 1175.

f) [daughter ([1130]-[1190]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mathildem [de Luscelenburch]" as mother of "comitem Folmerum et sorores eius Helvidem, quam habuit comes Gerardus de Reneke dyocesis Herbipolensis et illam qua dux de Bronsviic genuit filiam, que in Sclavia hereditavit"[116], although the Chronicle appears to skip a generation in this account. The likely birth date of this individual suggests it is unlikely that she was the daughter of Graf Gottfried [I], given the other dates attributed to his children. Until corroboration of her parentage is found in other sources, the accuracy of Alberic must be considered doubtful. Jordan clarifies that the name "Ida" attributed to Duke Heinrich's mistress[117] is incorrect, being an error deriving from Origines Guelficæ[118] which, in recopying from the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, miscopied the word "illam" as "Idam"[119]. Mistress of HEINRICH “der Löwe” Duke of Saxony [HEINRICH XII Duke of Bavaria], son of HEINRICH X "der Stolze" Duke of Bavaria and Duke of Saxony & his wife Gertrud von Süpplingenburg ([1129/30]-Braunschweig 6 Aug 1195, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).]

g) HUGO . 1173.

h) [FRIEDRICH . Graf von Saarwerden. 1111/1131.]

- GRAFEN von SAARWERDEN.

2. FOLMAR . Graf von Hüneburg. 1105/1133.

3. [HELWIDE . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mathildem [de Luscelenburch]" as mother of "comitem Folmerum et sorores eius Helvidem, quam habuit comes Gerardus de Reneke dyocesis Herbipolensis et illam qua dux de Bronsviic genuit filiam, que in Sclavia hereditavit"[120]. As noted above, there appears to be some chronological doubt about the accuracy of this report. In particular, it is unlikely that the mistress of Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony could have been the sister of the wife of Gerhard Graf von Mainz. However, assuming that Helwide was a member of the Blieskastel family, it is chronologically probable that she was the sister of Graf Gottfried [I]. m GERHARD Graf von Mainz, son of --- (-after 1106). 1084/1106.]

FOLMAR [I] von Bliescastel, son of GOTTFRIED [I] Graf von Bliescastel & his wife --- (-1179 or after). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mathildem [de Luscelenburch]" as mother of "comitem Folmerum et sorores eius Helvidem, quam habuit comes Gerardus de Reneke dyocesis Herbipolensis et illam qua dux de Bronsviic genuit filiam, que in Sclavia hereditavit"[121], although the Chronicle appears to skip a generation in this account. Graf von Bliescastel. 1138/1179. “Folmarus…comes de Castel…et uxor mea Clementia” made declarations relating to Gorze Abbey by charter dated to [1152/60][122].

m CLEMENTIA von Metz, daughter of FOLMAR [VIII] Graf von Metz & his wife Mechtild von Dagsburg. “Folmarus…comes de Castel…et uxor mea Clementia” made declarations relating to Gorze Abbey by charter dated to [1152/60][123]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. 1157.

Folmar [I] & his wife had five children:

1. FOLMAR [II] (-before 1223). Graf von Bliescastel. m JUTTA von Saarbrücken, daughter of SIMON [I] Graf von Saarbrücken & his wife Mechtild ---. Folmar [II] & his wife had four children:

a) HEINRICH (-1237 before 13 Dec). Graf von Bliescastel. m (before 1225) AGNES von Sayn, daughter of HEINRICH [II] Graf von Sayn & his wife Agnes von Saffenberg (-1259 or after). Heinrich & his wife had eight children:

i) JOHANN (-[1235]).

ii) FRIEDRICH (-1236).

iii) ELISABETH (-1273 after 12 Apr, bur Graffenthal). Heiress of Bliescastel. "Elisabet comitissa de Castris" swore homage to the bishop of Metz, with the consent of "mariti mei Bertholdi comitis de Solce", by charter dated 26 Mar 1238[124]. m firstly (before 26 Mar 1238, divorced 1238) BERTHOLD Graf von Sulz (-before 15 May 1253). Canon at Strasbourg cathedral 1247. m secondly (1238) RENAUD de Lorraine, son of FERRY II Duke of Lorraine & his wife Agnès de Bar (-end 1274). Seigneur de Bitsche, Graf von Bliescastel 1238.

iv) LAURETTE (-Sep 1269). Heiress of Hünolstein, Bernkastel and Puttlingen. [m firstly --- von Rappolstein (-before 1242).] m [secondly] (1242 before 12 Feb) HEINRICH [IV] Graf von Salm (-8 Jan 1292 or 8 Jun 1293).

v) MECHTILD . 1228/1258. m FRIEDRICH [I] Herr zu Blankenheim . 1241/1275.

vi) IMAGINA (-13 Nov ----). 1258/1267. m GERLACH [I] von Isenburg Herr von Limburg. 1227/1289.

vii) ADELHEID (-before 1272). m GOTTFRIED [III] Graf von Arnsberg [Kuic] (-1282).

viii) KUNIGUNDE (-before 1265). Engelbert Graf von der Mark names "fratrem nostrum Ottonem comitem de Althena…uxore nostra Kunegundi" in a charter dated 1250[125]. m as his first wife, ENGELBERT [I] Graf von der Mark, son of ADOLF Graf von Altena & his second wife Irmgard van Geldern (-Bredevoort 16 Nov 1277, bur Cappenberg).

b) FRIEDRICH (-before 1223).

c) HUGO .

d) MECHTILD (-before 1241).

2. HUGO [I] (-1220 or after). Comte de Lunéville. m KUNIGUNDE, daughter of KONRAD [I] Wildgraf und Graf von Kyrburg & his wife Mathilde de Bar. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mathildis uxor comitis Manasseri Reytestensis [et] Cunegundis domna de Rista" as daughters of "tertia [sorore eiusdem comitis =comes Barri iunior Raynaldus]"[126].

- COMTES de LUNEVILLE [GRAFEN von LÜTZELSTEIN][127].

3. HEINRICH (-1196). Bishop of Verdun 1181/1187.

4. GOTTFRIED (-young).

5. MECHTILD .

Chapter 4. COMTES de CASTRES

The pagus Castricensis lay along both banks of the river Meuse, from Donchéry in the south northwards through Mézières as far as the confluence with the river Semois, covering the present cantons of Signy, Flize, Mézières, Rumigny and Monthermé. The county of Mouzon (pagus Mosomensis) lay to the south-east of Castres and included the present cantons of Raucourt, Mouzon and Sedan[128]. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Mosminse, Castricium…" to King Charles[129]. Erlebold is the only 10th century comte de Castres who is named in the primary sources so far consulted. At some time in the 10th century, the county must have passed into the hands of the comtes de Verdun, as shown by the charter dated 1005 which names Frédéric Comte de Verdun as comte de Castres (see below). It is assumed that the county of Mouzon followed the same pattern, but no primary source has so far been identified which names any of its counts.

1. ERLEBOLD (-killed in battle 920). He possessed territories in pagus Lommensis (near Namur), pagus Castricensis (near Mézières), Charpeigne, and probably also the Saulnois (near Metz)[130]. "Erleboldus…et uxor mea Alpaidis" founded the monastery of Salles "in pago…Haynau in loco…Macons" by charter dated 8 Sep 887 which names "filius noster Wiermiundus"[131]. Comte de Charpeigne: "Erlebaldus comes" intervened in support of an exchange of property between the abbey of Gorze and Erembert by charter dated 912[132]. Comte de Castres: Flodoard records that "Erlebaldus comes pagi Castricensis", possessor of the castle of "Macerias", was excommunicated for invading land of the archbishop of Reims who besieged Mézières, and that he was killed in battle "in pago Warmacensi…contra Henricum principem Transrhenenem"[133]. Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks restored Kloster Susteren to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 19 Jan 916 which names "fidelium nostrorum…Widricus comes palatii, Richuuinus comes, Gislebertus, Matfridus, Beringerius comites, Theodericus comes, Reinherus comes, Erleboldus"[134]. m ALPAIS, daughter of ---. "Erleboldus…et uxor mea Alpaidis" founded the monastery of Salles "in pago…Haynau in loco…Macons" by charter dated 8 Sep 887 which names "filius noster Wiermiundus"[135]. Secondary sources suggest that she was Alpais, illegitimate daughter of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks & his mistress ---, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. If it is correct, the 887 charter quoted above must be misdated (assuming that it is genuine). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Arnulfum, Drogonem, Roriconem et Alpaidem" as the children of "Karolus rex…ex concubina"[136]. Erlebold & his wife had one child:

a) WERIMUND (-after 8 Sep 887). "Erleboldus…et uxor mea Alpaidis" founded the monastery of Salles "in pago…Haynau in loco…Macons" by charter dated 8 Sep 887 which names "filius noster Wiermiundus"[137].

1. FREDERIC, son of GODEFROI Comte de Verdun & his wife Mechtild of Saxony (-Verdun 6 Jan 1022, bur Monastery St Guy). "Adalberonem…episcopum, Fredericum et Herimannum comites, Godefridum atque Gozelonem" are named (in order) as the five sons of "comiti Godefrido" and "Mathildis Saxoniæ comitissa" in the Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium, which specifies that Frederic became a monk and made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem[138]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "episcopum Virdunensem Alberonem, comitem Fridericum…comitem de Daburc Hermannum…et duos duces Godefridum et Gothelonem" as sons of "Godefridi Ardennensis" and his wife Mechtild, specifying that Frederic was "Sancti Vitonii monachum"[139]. "Comite Frederico" is named as brother of Adalbero Bishop of Verdun in the Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium, when recording that he repatriated Adalbero's body from Italy[140]. He succeeded his father as Comte de Verdun. It is uncertain how long Frederic remained as count in Verdun as the charter dated 17 Aug 1156 of Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" indicates that the county of Verdun was transferred to the bishop of Verdun during the reign of Emperor Otto III[141]. However, a charter dated 1020, under which Heimo Bishop of Verdun confirmed an exchange of property, names "domni Frederici…comes nostre civitatis"[142], which suggests that Frederic continued as count at least in part of the county. The charter dated [1020] of Abbot Richard demonstrates that Frederic must have resigned the county soon after, as it refers to "temporis dominus Fredericus qui comes Virdunensis civitatis fuerat" adding that he became a monk at Saint-Vanne[143]. Frederic was also Comte de Castres, as shown by the charter dated 5 May 1005 under which Heinrich II King of Germany granted market rights at "Doncheria…in comitatu…Frederici comitis…Castricensis" to Saint-Médard de Soissons[144]. The necrology of St Vaast records the death in 1022 of "Fridericus avunculus Balduini Barbati comitis Flandriæ, ortus ex Godefrido Barbato comite Arduennæ, Virduni, Bullonii et Mathilde comitissæ Saxoniæ", noting that he was "præpositus Sancti Vedasti" from 1001 until his death, and his burial "monasterium Sancti Widoni"[145].

Chapter 5. COMTES de CHARPEIGNE

The county of Charpeigne (pagus Scarponensis) derives its name from the Roman encampment of Scarpona, at Dieulouard on the river Moselle south of Pont-à-Mousson. It covered the territory south of Metz from Ars-sur-Moselle southwards to the counties of Toul and Chaumontois, mainly on the left bank of the Moselle as far as the county of Verdun and including the abbey of Gorze (although this depended from the bishopric of Metz)[146]. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated and "…comitatum…Scarponinse…" to King Charles[147].

1. BERNARIUS (-executed 883). Comte de Charpeigne. Walo Bishop of Metz noted donations of property in “pago Scarponinse, in comitatu Berneri” by “Leutchardis et filius suus Nithardus” to Gorze Abbey, by charter dated 874[148]. A charter dated 882 names property "in pago Scarponensi in comitatu Berneri in villa Hodingas super fluvio Alsoncia", although Vanderkindere highlights that the river Alsoncia or Alzette is not located in this area, concluding that this detail raises doubts about the authenticity of the charter[149]. Regino names "Stephanus, Ruodbertus, Wicbertus, Thietbaldus comites, Albricus et frater eius Stephanus" recording that they opposed "Hugo filius Hlotharii" in France in 883, specifying that Wicbert was killed by Hugo and thereafter "Bernarius" executed[150].

2. EHRENFRIED, son of --- (-after 14 Jun 904). "Matronæ Hildildæ" donated property to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 20 Dec 866 which names "Irimifridus et Sigiricus comites necnon et Guntbertus atque Hadabaldus"[151]. Graf von Bliesgau. The Chronicon Laureshamense records a donation dated "877 Kal Oct" by "Liutharii" which is signed by "…Erinfridi comitis…"[152]. "Arnolfus…rex" granted property "in pago Bliesiggowe in comitatu Ereinfridi" to "nobili viro Folcwin" by charter dated 13 Jun 888[153]. Comte de Charpeigne: King Zwentibold donated property "in pago Uirdunensi in comitatu Rihuuini atque in pago Scarmis in comitatu Irenfridi capellam…Acei" to the monks of St Mihiel by charter dated 14 Aug 895[154]. The Chronicon Laureshamense records an exchange of property between "Hattonis archiepiscopi et abbatis de Riamnis" dated "904 XVIII Kal Iul" witnessed by "…Erinfridus comes…"[155].

3. ERLEBOLD (-killed in battle 920). He possessed territories in pagus Lommensis (near Namur), pagus Castricensis (near Mézières), Charpeigne, and probably also the Saulnois (near Metz)[156]. Comte de Charpeigne: "Erlebaldus comes" intervened in support of an exchange of property between the abbey of Gorze and Erembert by charter dated 912[157]. Comte de Castres: Flodoard records that "Erlebaldus comes pagi Castricensis", possessor of the castle of "Macerias", was excommunicated for invading land of the archbishop of Reims who besieged Mézières, and that he was killed in battle "in pago Warmacensi…contra Henricum principem Transrhenenem"[158]. Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks restored Kloster Susteren to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 19 Jan 916 which names "fidelium nostrorum…Widricus comes palatii, Richuuinus comes, Gislebertus, Matfridus, Beringerius comites, Theodericus comes, Reinherus comes, Erleboldus"[159].

1. RICHWIN, son of LOUIS [I] & his wife --- ([980/90]-after 1052). "Henricus…rex" granted property "Suntheim in pago Durihin et in comitatu Riwini comitis" to the bishopric of Bamberg by charter dated 1 Nov 1007[160]. A charter dated 1019, which records an agreement between Berthold Bishop of Toul and "Olricus miles", is subscribed by "Riquini comitis, Ludovicus comitis patris eius, item Ludovici filii eius, Theodorici fratris eius"[161]. Comte de Charpeigne: Emperor Konrad II confirmed the properties of the convent of St Laurent at Dieulouard "in pago Scarpona in comitatu Richuini" by charter dated 2 May 1028[162]. Comte de Saintois. Bruno Bishop of Toul confirmed the prior of Deuilly by charter dated 1044 which names "Segetensis pagi ubi…comite Ricuino juniore"[163]. Richwin comte du "Segetensis" subscribed a charter dated 1052 of Udo Bishop of Toul in favour of the abbey of Bleurville[164]. m MATHILDE, daughter of ---. The Gesta Episcoporum Tullensium names "Udonis" as successor of Bruno as Bishop of Toul and "pater eius comes Riquinus ex Reubariorum regione ortus, mater Mathildis ex Alemannia…genus"[165]. She may have been Mathilde von Egisheim, daughter of Hugo [VIII] Graf im Nordgau und zu Egisheim & his wife Heilwig ---, if it is correct that her son Louis was the same person as Louis Comte de Mousson, and also if it is correct that Pope Leo IX was the maternal uncle of the latter as suggested by Picard[166]. If this is correct, Mathilde would have been one of her parents´ older children considering the probable birth date of her son Louis. Richwin & his wife had three children:

a) LOUIS [II] (-after 1019). A charter dated 1019, which records an agreement between Berthold Bishop of Toul and "Olricus miles", is subscribed by "Riquini comitis, Ludovicus comitis patris eius, item Ludovici filii eius, Theodorici fratris eius"[167]. same person as…? LOUIS ([1015]-[29 Aug 1071/1076]). Comte de Mousson. This co-identity is proposed by Europäische Stammtafeln[168]. It is true that it presents no chronological difficulties, but it is not the only theory which has been proposed to explain the origin of Louis Comte de Mousson.

- COMTES de BAR et de MOUSSON.

b) SIGEBODO (-after 15 Apr 1064). Archbishop Poppo restored the monastery of St Matheus to Trier by charter dated 2 Sep 1038, witnessed by "Dux Gozelo et comes Gozelo, comes Arnulfus, comes Sigebodo…"[169]. Heinrich IV King of Germany confirmed an exchange of property between Udo Bishop of Toul and the abbot of Kornelimünster which confirmed that "ipse episcopus et comes Sigebodo frater et advocatus capitis eius" gave "allodium suum Grusmithis in Hasbanio iuxta monasterium sancti Trudonis", by charter dated 15 Apr 1064, also signed by "…comes Sigebodo…"[170]. m as her first husband, MATHILDE of Lotharingia, daughter of GOZELON I Duke of Lower Lotharingia & his wife --- (-murdered Burg Cochem 17 Jul 1060). She married secondly Heinrich Pfalzgraf of Lotharingia. She is named "Mathildam, Gozelini ducis filiam" in the Annales Weissemburgenses, which record that she was murdered by her husband[171]. The Monumenta Epternacensia name "Mathilde Gozelonis ducis filia" as wife of "Heinricus"[172].

c) UDO ([1019][173]-24 Jul 1069). The Gesta Episcoporum Tullensium names "Udonis" as successor of Bruno as Bishop of Toul and "pater eius comes Riquinus ex Reubariorum regione ortus, mater Mathildis ex Alemannia…genus"[174]. Bishop of Toul 1052. Richwin comte du "Segetensis" subscribed a charter dated 1052 of Udo Bishop of Toul in favour of the abbey of Bleurville[175].

Chapter 6. COMTES de CHAUMONT, COMTES de MORTAGNE, COMTES de BRIXEY

The county of Chaumont (comitatus Calvomontensis) lay in the south-east of the duchy of Upper Lotharingia, to the east of the counties of Saintes and Toul, and south of the counties of Saulne and Albensis. It included the towns of Epinal, Nancy and Lunéville, and the abbeys of Bouxières, Saint-Dié, Senones and Moyenmoutier[176]. The first recorded count was Stefan of the Matfried family. The Chronicon Mediani Monasterii records that "Hillino comiti" replaced the monks by canons, during the reign of Zwentibold King of Lotharingia, and that he was succeeded by "Riqwinus secundus, tertius Otto"[177], identified as Richwin Comte de Verdun and his son, presumably as avoués of Moyenmoutier although this does not necessarily mean that all three individuals were Comtes de Chaumont. The Chronicon Mediani Monasterii records that "quartus Boso…quintus Ainardus" succeeded "Otto" as administrators of the monastery[178]. Vanderkindere suggests that the county of Chaumont broke up after the death of Comte Hugues, dated to before 950[179]. He notes that the county of Mortagne formed in the mid-10th century in the central area of Chaumont, including the bailliages of La Bruyère and Lunéville. The county of Brixey also emerged in the mid-11th century in the area of the county of Chaumont. The common use of the name "Olry" suggests a family relationship between the early comtes de Chaumont and the later comtes de Brixey, and also with the comtes de Reynel (see CHAMPAGNE NOBILITY). The county of Lunéville should also be noted, but this was ruled by the comtes de Metz of the Folmar family (see COMTES de METZ, in this document). The county of Sorcy emerged in the pagus Bedensis, not named in the 870 treaty of Meersen, which lay along both banks of the river Meuse from Ourches to Pont-à-Meuse and included Commercy, Pagny, Sorcy and Vaucouleurs[180].

A. COMTES de CHAUMONT, COMTES de MORTAGNE

1. STEFAN, son of --- (-after [900]). Comte de Chaumont: Arnulf King of Germany granted property "in pago Calmenzgouve in comitatu Stephani in locis…Granswillari et Rosieres" to "abbati Stephano" by charter dated 19 May 891[181]. Emperor Arnulf confirmed complaints by Arnaud Bishop of Toul against "comes Stephanus et Gerardus frater suus et Matfridus", on the intervention of "filii nostri Zuenzoboldi et Vikenindi ducis", by undated charter, marked as spurious in the compilation although there is no reason why the genealogical information should be considered inaccurate[182]. Graf von Bidgau: King Zwentibold donated property "in pago Piatahgeuue in comitatu Stefani comitis…Steinheim, Carescara, Oppilendorf, Bullendorf, Arenza, Maquila, Gladehch, Uffichine" to the canons of Echternach by charter dated 28 Oct 895[183]. Ludwig "das Kind" King of the East Franks confirmed an exchange of property between Kloster Fulda and "nobilis comes Stefan" with the consent of "germani sui Walohonis viri religiosi" by spurious charter dated 900[184].

1. HUGUES (-before [950]). Comte de Chaumont. The Historia S. Arnulfi Mettensis names "…Hugone comite Calvomontise et Eva uxore eius, Udelrico archiepiscopo Remense et Arnulpho comite, fratre eiusdem, filiis predicti Hugonis" among the donors to Metz St Arnulf[185]. m EVA, daughter of ---. The Historia S. Arnulfi Mettensis names "…Hugone comite Calvomontise et Eva uxore eius, Udelrico archiepiscopo Remense et Arnulpho comite, fratre eiusdem, filiis predicti Hugonis" among the donors to Metz St Arnulf[186]. "Eva comitissa et filius meus Udelricus…Remorum Archiepiscopus" donated "villam meam Layum…in comitatu Culvomontisse", granted to her by her husband as dower, to the abbey of Metz Saint-Arnoul, in memory of "conjugis mei Hugonis…comitis, filiique nostri…comitis Arnulphi", on the instigation of "Adelberonis Metensium episcopi meique consanguinei", by charter dated 16 Aug 950, subscribed by "Frederici ducis, Sigifridi comitis, Gisleberti comitis, Thiæberti comitis…", confirmed by archbishop Olry in 958[187]. Three subscribers can be identified as the sons of Wigerich [III] Comte d'Ardenne, which suggests that Eva was closely related either to Wigerich or his wife Kunigund. Hugues & his wife had two children:

a) OLRY [Udalric] (-969). The Historia S. Arnulfi Mettensis names "…Hugone comite Calvomontise et Eva uxore eius, Udelrico archiepiscopo Remense et Arnulpho comite, fratre eiusdem, filiis predicti Hugonis" among the donors to Metz St Arnulf[188]. Abbé de Bouxières. Archbishop of Reims 962.

b) ARNOUL (-killed before 958). The Historia S. Arnulfi Mettensis names "…Hugone comite Calvomontise et Eva uxore eius, Udelrico archiepiscopo Remense et Arnulpho comite, fratre eiusdem, filiis predicti Hugonis" among the donors to Metz St Arnulf[189].

2. REGINBALD [Raimbaud/Ragimbald] (-28 May [962/17 Aug 984]). Comte de Mortagne. “Gisleberti comitis…item Gisleberti comitis, Erlebaldi, Ragimbaldi comitis…” subscribed a charter dated 959 under which “Fridericus…Francorum dux” recorded the settlement of a property “in pago et comitatu Scarponinse et Wabrensi, Virdunensi quoque” between Gorze Abbey and “vir illustrus…Aquinus…cum coniuge sua Adelindi”[190]. "Regimbaldus comes" is named in a charter dated 962 under which Abbé Udalric donated property to Bouxières[191]. "Regimbaldus comes" is named at "Roserolis…in comitatu Mortisna" towards the end of the 10th century[192]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "V Kal Jun" of "Reginbaldus comes qui dedit nobis Vitriacicurtem et Bruhoc…"[193]. The abbot of Gorze confirmed privileges to “homines de potestate Bruoch” which they had enjoyed in the time of “pie memorie Raimbaldo comite” by charter dated 17 Aug 984[194].

3. RIPAUD (-after 9 Dec 1027). Comte de Chaumont. Konrad II King of Germany confirmed the properties of Bouxières "in pago situm Calmontensi in comitatu Ripaldi comitis" by charter dated 9 Dec 1027[195].

4. BERAUD . Comte de Chaumont. The Vita Adelberonis names "Vendoperam Beraldi comitis in Calvomontense pago situm"[196]. Vanderkindere suggests that Béraud may have been the same person as Comte Ripaud[197].

B. COMTES de BRIXEY

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

1. HAIMON (-[2 Nov], 1072 or after). Comte de Brixey. "Haimo comes" subscribed a charter dated 1036 issued by Bishop Bruno for Saint-Mansuy[198]. 1072. The Obituaire de Saint-Mansuy records the death "2 Nov" of "Hanno comes"[199]. m ---. The name of Haimon's wife is not known. Comte Haimon & his wife had one child:

a) OLRY [Odelric] (-[1 Apr, 3 Sep, 7 Sep or 16 Sep] 1102 or after). Comte de Brixey. 1057/1102. “...Odelrici de Brissei, Petri filii eius” subscribed a charter dated 11 Oct 1101 under which Pibo Bishop of Toul consecrated the church of Saint-Nicholas-du-Port[200]. The Obituaire de Saint-Mansuy records the death "1 Apr" of "Oldericus comes", "3 Sep" of "Ulricus comites", "7 Sep" of "Urricus comes", and "16 Sep" of "Oldericus comes"[201], one of which probably relates to Olry son of Comte Haimon, the death of the latter also being recorded in the same source. m [MATHILDE] de Reynel, daughter of OLRY Comte de Reynel & his wife ---. Comte Olry & his wife had two children:

i) PIERRE de Brixey (-before 1141). “...Odelrici de Brissei, Petri filii eius” subscribed a charter dated 11 Oct 1101 under which Pibo Bishop of Toul consecrated the church of Saint-Nicholas-du-Port[202]. He founded the abbey of Rangeval. m ---. The name of Pierre's wife is not known. Pierre & his wife had three children:

(a) FREDERIC de Brixey . 1187. m ---. The name of Frédéric's wife is not known. Frédéric & his wife had four children:

(1) GAUTHIER . 1187. He left descendants[203].

(2) FREDERIC . Deacon at Toul 1171/1186.

(3) JOFFROI . Archdeacon at Toul 1194.

(4) PIERRE . Provost at Saint-Gengoul, Toul. 1187/1210.

ii) SIMON de Brixey . m HERSENDE, daughter of ---. Simon & his wife had three children:

(a) PIERRE [I] de Brixey (-1170 or after). Sire de Bourlémont. m as her first husband, IDA de Froville, daughter of ODOUIN de Froville & his wife Aleruda de Neuviller. 1163/1187. She married secondly Simon de Paçay-Haussonville.

(b) SIMON (-[1190]). Sire de Bourlémont. m as her first husband, AGNES de Broyes, daughter of HUGUES [III] Seigneur de Broyes et de Châteauvillain & his first wife Stephanie de Bar (-1221). She married secondly (before 1200) Henri de Fouvent (-1226). Simon & his wife had five children:

(1) PIERRE [II] (-[1225/27]). Sire de Bourlémont. m (1200) FELICITE de Joinville, daughter of GEOFFROY [IV] Sire de Joinville. 1195/1240.

- SIRES de BOURLEMONT[204].

(2) SIMON . 1209/1211.

(3) JEAN . Archdeacono of Verdun. Scholasticus of Toul Cathedral 1218. Thesaurarius of Toul Cathedral.

(4) HERSENDE . 1180/1184.

(5) AGNES . 1223. m (before 1220) ANCEL de Belrain . 1206/1228.

C. COMTES de SORCY

1. ARNOUL (-after 1052). Comte de Sorcy. "Arnulfus comes de Sorceio" subscribed a charter dated 1052 of Udon Bishop of Verdun[205].

2. EVERARD (-19 Mar ----). Comte de Sorcy. The necrology of Verdun Cathedral records the death "XIV Kal Apr" of "Evrardus comes de Sorceio qui dedit nobis tres mansuras infra portam civitatis"[206].

D. SEIGNEURS de COMMERCY

SIMON [I] de Broyes, son of HUGUES [III] Seigneur de Broyes & his first wife Stephanie de Bar Dame de Commercy ([1145]-after May 1208). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur de Broyes. Seigneur de Commercy 1173.

m NICOLE de Salins Dame de Montrivel et de Châteauvillain du Jura, daughter of [HUMBERT [IV] de Salins [Bourgogne-Comté] & his wife ---] (-after 1233). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

1. SEIGNEURS de COMMERCY[207]. “Gaucherus dominus Commarceii” paid homage to “Theobaldo Campaniæ et Briæ comiti, Trecensi palatino” for “villa…Banna…ab Hugone domino Brecarum, dicti Gaucheri fratre” by charter dated Apr 1225[208]. “Guachiers sires de Commercey” paid homage to “Jeham conte de Bourgoigne et signour de Salins” for “Monrevel et…Nant” by charter dated 28 Sep 1241, signed by “mons. Symon et mons. Guillame mes filz et…ma cousine Clemence dame de Fonvenz”[209]. "A […Angnes] domina de Commerceio relicta G condam domini de Commerceio, Galcherus et Henricus filii eiusdem" swore homage to the bishop of Metz by charter dated Dec 1248[210]. “Messires Wachiers li juenes, chevaliers, fil mons. Gauchier de Commercey, signour de Monrivel et…dame Marguerite de Beleveuvre, feme doudit signour de Monrivel” paid homage to “noble baron mons. Jehan de Chalon signour d´Arlay” for “le chastel de Chatelvilain” by charter dated 10 Apr 1293[211].

Chapter 7. COMTES de CHINY, COMTES d'IVOIS et de WOEVRE

The county of Chiny appears to have developed in the early 11th century out of the ancient county of Ivois, which lay between the rivers Meuse and Semois eastwards beyond the towns of Longlier and Neufchâteau, and consisted of the doyennés of Ivois and Juvigny[212]. The county now forms part of the province of Luxembourg in present-day Belgium. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Wavrense comitatus II…" to King Charles[213], it being assumed that one of the two counties in "Wavrense" was Ivois whose name does not appear separately in the document. The county of Ivois is referred to by name in a charter dated 21 Nov 955 which records an agreement between "Eremboldus miles" and the archbishop of Trier relating to property including "Aduna in comitatu Ivotio inter Boura et Lannilley"[214]. The county of Chiny included the current cantons of Virton, Etalle, Florenville, Neufchâteau, Montmédy and Carignan, and also retained the castle of Warcq on the Meuse, built in 971 by Otto ancestor of the later comtes de Chiny, as well as Givet[215].

The origin of Raoul [I] is not known. However, the names of this family suggest a close connection with the ancestors of the Comtes de Looz (see LOWER LOTHARINGIAN NOBILITY). It is even possible that Raoul [I] was the same person as Rudolf, son of Ricfried Graf in der Betuwe.

1. RAOUL [Rudolf] [I] (-8 Feb 946 or before). [Comte d'Ivois]. The county of Raoul cannot be identified with certainty. However, Longlier (which is named in charters associated with Raoul's widow and one of his sons (see below) is located in the doyenné d'Ivois[216]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "VI Id Feb" of "Rodulfus comes"[217]. m EVA, daughter of --- (-13 Aug after 946). Otto I King of Germany granted "matrone…Leue et filio eius Cuonrath" property "in villa Lunglier…in comitatu Rodulfi comitis in Osninge" by charter dated 946[218], "Lunglier" being identified with "Lunglar" which is one of the properties donated by charter dated 26 Sep 982 in accordance with the last wishes of "Cunradus filius Ruodolfi quondam comitis" (see below). "Rodulfus filius quondam…comitis Rodulfi et eius…coniugis Evæ" donated property "res…meæ…in pago et in comitatu Virdunensi…Geldulfi villa" for the souls of "senioris mei Wigfridi episcopi et parentis mei Ottonis, Gisleberti quondam comitis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [960], subscribed by "Gotdefridi comitis et fratris eius Heinrici"[219]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "Id Aug" of "Eva comitissa Dea sacrata"[220]. Raoul & his wife had three children:

a) RAOUL [Rudolf] [II] (-[960/65]). "Rodulfus filius quondam…comitis Rodulfi et eius…coniugis Evæ" donated property "res…meæ…in pago et in comitatu Virdunensi…Geldulfi villa" for the souls of "senioris mei Wigfridi episcopi et parentis mei Ottonis, Gisleberti quondam comitis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [960], subscribed by "Gotdefridi comitis et fratris eius Heinrici"[221]. It is assumed that he was installed as Comte de Verdun after the death of Otto Duke of Lower Lotharingia[222], although no primary source has been found which confirms the date. However, the charter dated to [960] suggests that "Gotdefridi comitis" was count at that date and therefore that Raoul had been displaced. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the properties of the convent of St Vanne at Verdun, among which that donated by "…Geldulfi villam…dono Rodulfi filii Rodulfi comitis…", and donated "Mosomum" on the petition of "Herimanni comitis" by charter dated 1015[223].

b) CONON [Konrad] (-killed in battle Cotrone 15 Jul 982). The Annales Einsidlenses record that "Uto et Guntharius duces…Berehtaldus comes" were killed fighting the Sarracens in Sicily in 982[224]. "Otto…imperator augustus" made donations "in regno Lothariensi…Amella et Geldulfi villas in pago Uuebra in comitatu Reginhardi comitis…Morlinga et Lazehi in pago Mosalgovve et in comitatu Sigifrid comitis…Lunglar in pago Osning in comitatu Kozilonis comitis…Uelme in pago Haspongouue in comitatu Eremfridi comitis…Ernustesvuilere in pago Bliesichgoue in comitatu Volcmari comitis" to the Kloster St Gorgonius at Gorze in accordance with the last wishes of "Cunradus filius Ruodolfi quondam comitis" killed in battle with the Sarracens, by charter dated 26 Sep 982[225]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "II Id Jul" of "Cono comes qui dedit…locum quicquid habuit infra Lotharii regnum…Amellam, Geldolfivillam, Felmam, Morlingon, Herlisvillare, Longlar et Lacci"[226].

c) HILDEGONDE (-12 Aug ----). “Hildegundis comitissa” donated the church of Saint-Pierre d´Amal “in pago Waprensi et comitatu Virdunensi” to Gorze Abbey, for the soul of “filii mei Rodulfi”, by charter dated 959[227]. Hildegonde donated property "le prieuré d'Amel, dans le voisinage de Joudreville" to Saint-Arnoul de Metz in memory of her late son Rodolphe by charter dated 959 which names her husband Comte Odacer[228]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "II Id Aug" of "Ildegundis comitissa"[229]. m firstly WALFRID, son of --- (-[952/55]). m secondly ([952/59]) ODACRE, son of ---. Walfrid & his wife had one child:

i) RAOUL [III] (-959 or before). Rodolphe donated property "Martille dans le Saulnois" to Saint-Arnoul de Metz by charter dated 952 which names his father Walfrid, his grandfather the late count Rodolphe[230]. “Hildegundis comitissa” donated the church of Saint-Pierre d´Amal “in pago Waprensi et comitatu Virdunensi” to Gorze Abbey, for the soul of “filii mei Rodulfi”, by charter dated 959[231].

2. [--- . m ---.] The exact relationship between the brothers Giselbert and Otto and the family of Raoul is not known. However, in the charter dated to [960] "Rodulfus filius quondam…comitis Rodulfi et eius…coniugis Evæ" donated property for the souls of "…parentis mei Ottonis, Gisleberti quondam comitis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne[232].

a) GISELBERT (-[959/60]). “Gisleberti comitis…item Gisleberti comitis, Erlebaldi, Ragimbaldi comitis…” subscribed a charter dated 959 under which “Fridericus…Francorum dux” recorded the settlement of a property “in pago et comitatu Scarponinse et Wabrensi, Virdunensi quoque” between Gorze Abbey and “vir illustrus…Aquinus…cum coniuge sua Adelindi”[233]. "Rodulfus filius quondam…comitis Rodulfi et eius…coniugis Evæ" donated property "res…meæ…in pago et in comitatu Virdunensi…Geldulfi villa" for the souls of "senioris mei Wigfridi episcopi et parentis mei Ottonis, Gisleberti quondam comitis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [960], subscribed by "Gotdefridi comitis et fratris eius Heinrici"[234].

b) OTTO (-16 Apr after 978). "Rodulfus filius quondam…comitis Rodulfi et eius…coniugis Evæ" donated property "res…meæ…in pago et in comitatu Virdunensi…Geldulfi villa" for the souls of "senioris mei Wigfridi episcopi et parentis mei Ottonis, Gisleberti quondam comitis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [960], subscribed by "Gotdefridi comitis et fratris eius Heinrici"[235]. Graf von Bidgau: "Udo cum coniuge mea Gisla" donated property "in pago Bedensi in comitatu Otthonis" to St Maximin at Trier by charter dated 978[236]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "XVI Kal Mai" of "Otto comes"[237].

3. GISELBERT (-[killed in battle Cotrone] 14 Jul [982]). The necrology of Gorze records the death "II Id Jul" of "Gislebertus comes qui dedit nobis Gismundi villam"[238]. “Gisleberti comitis…item Gisleberti comitis, Erlebaldi, Ragimbaldi comitis…” subscribed a charter dated 959 under which “Fridericus…Francorum dux” recorded the settlement of a property “in pago et comitatu Scarponinse et Wabrensi, Virdunensi quoque” between Gorze Abbey and “vir illustrus…Aquinus…cum coniuge sua Adelindi”[239].

4. ETIENNE (-after [956]). Comte de Porcien. Etienne and his wife Frédévide founded the priory of Thin le Moutier at Porcien[240]. Etienne built the castle of Mirwart (in Ivois), and donated property to the abbey of Chauvency (near Montmédy) after he became paralysed[241]. It is suggested that this means that he invaded the county of Ivois, displaced Comte Raoul [II] and installed himself as Comte d'Ivois. The Miracula Sancti Huberti record that "comes Stephanus" donated part of Chauvency ("Calvenciaco") to Saint-Hubert, dated to [955][242].

OTTO, son of [ALBERT [I] Comte de Vermandois & his wife Gerberga [Hainaut]] ([950/55]-[986/87]). "Ottonem, Alberti Vermandensium comitis filium" is named in the Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium[243]. A list of members of the Cathedral of Paris lists (in order) "Albertus comes, Girberga comitissa, Harbertus, Otto, Lewultus, Girbertus, Gondrada, Ricardus, Harbertus comes…", the first four individuals named apparently being Comte Albert, his wife and three sons, and the last named maybe his brother or nephew[244]. Otto is named with his parents in a charter of Comte Adalbert dated 2 Nov [958/59][245]. There appears to be no direct proof that Otto, ancestor of the Comtes de Chiny, was the same person as Otto, son of Adalbert Comte de Vermandois. The Historia Monasterii Mosomense records that "Ottonem comitem" built "castellum…Warcus" (Warcq, Ardennes, in the comitatus Castritius) in 971, and suggests his affiliation when, in a later passage, it clarifies that "superius dictus Ottho erat comes, Otthonum…Romanorum imperatorum…germanissima progenies"[246]. The editor of the MGH SS edition of the Historia identifies Otto with the son of Adalbert Comte de Vermandois and Gerberge, daughter of Emperor Otto I's sister[247]. A subsequent passage of the Historia dates the foundation of the monastery to 24 Jul 971[248], implying that the events recorded earlier in the text predated this foundation. If this is correct, 971 seems early for Otto de Vermandois to have constructed Warcq in light of his estimated birth date (which appears reasonably robust). It is assumed that Otto conquered Ivois around the same time as building the castle of Warcq, and installed himself as Comte d'Ivois[249]. Gerbert, in a letter dated to Oct 986, records that "dux Cono pro suo Ottone insidias molitur"[250]. In the same letter, he also records that "Laudunensis episcopus" left "Dordingum" (Dourdon?) on the advice of "Ottonis et Heriberti" in support of "ducem" (which appears to refer to Hugues Capet). Settipani suggests that "Otto" in this text refers to the holder of Warcq[251]. However, all other passages in Gerbert's letters which name "Ottonis et Heriberti" (in that order) appear to refer to Eudes I Comte de Blois and his first cousin Héribert [V] Comte de Troyes. It is unclear from the full text of this letter whether "Ottone" and "Ottonis" relate to the same person. "Dux Cono" has not been identified, although it may refer to Konrad I Duke of Swabia. If this is correct, it is possible that the first "Ottone" is a different person from the second "Ottonis" as there is no other passage which links the Blois count to the Swabian duke. Settipani states that Otto died "between 986 and 987", without specifying the basis for this speculation[252].

m ---. The name of Otto's wife is not known.

Otto & his wife had one child:

1. LOUIS [I] (-murdered 29 Sep 1025). The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium names "comitem Chisneiensem Ludowvicum, filum Ottonis comitis et patrem alterius Ludovici domni pontificis nostri Alberonis avi, Bullonienses, milites patris eiusdem ducis [=dux et marchio Godefridus, Gozelonis ducis filius]"[253]. Comte de Chiny. The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium records that Rambert Bishop of Verdun appointed "comitem Chisneiensem Ludovicum, filium Ottonis comitis" as count of the town of Verdun, presumably after the resignation of Friedrich, but that Gozelon Duke of Lower Lotharingia (brother of Friedrich) invaded the town with Baudouin Count of Flanders and murdered Louis[254]. The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "IV Kal Oct" of "Ludovicus ex comite monachus pro cuius anima habemus V mansos apud Geronis villam"[255]. m ADELAIS, daughter of --- (-after 1025). "Domina Adelaydis comitissa uxor quondam Hludovici comitis" donated property to Verdun Saint-Vanne by undated charter, subscribed by "Gislebertus comes"[256]. The subscription by Giselbert Comte de Looz suggests that Adelais may have been his close relative, maybe his sister. "Adelaydis comitissa uxor quondam…Ludouici comitis" donated property "per manum Gozelonis ducis atque Godefridi…et pro eius amore Dominique Frederici prefati ducis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [1038/40], subscribed by "dux Gozelo et eius filius Godefridus"[257]. Louis [I] & his wife had two children:

a) LOUIS [II] (-[17 Jan] before 1066). The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium names "comitem Chisneiensem Ludowvicum, filum Ottonis comitis et patrem alterius Ludovici domni pontificis nostri Alberonis avi, Bullonienses, milites patris eiusdem ducis [=dux et marchio Godefridus, Gozelonis ducis filius]"[258]. Comte de Chiny. The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "XVI Kal Feb" of "Ludouicus comes"[259], which may refer to Louis [II]. m SOPHIE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Louis [II] & his wife had two children:

i) ARNOUL (-16 Apr 1106). “Arnulphus comes cum coniuge mea Adelais, filius Ludovici comitis” founded a monastery “in villa Pyrorum…in honore S. Sulpitii”, subject to “ecclesiæ S. Petri et S. Hugberti in Ardenna”, by undated charter signed by “Arnulphi comitis et Manasse fratris eius”[260]. Comte de Chiny.

- see below.

ii) MANASSES . The Chronicon Sancti Huberti names "Manasses frater Arnulfi" when recording that he became a monk at St Hubert[261]. “Arnulphus comes cum coniuge mea Adelais, filius Ludovici comitis” founded a monastery “in villa Pyrorum…in honore S. Sulpitii”, subject to “ecclesiæ S. Petri et S. Hugberti in Ardenna”, by undated charter signed by “Arnulphi comitis et Manasse fratris eius”[262].

b) LIUTGARDIS . The Chronicon Sancti Huberti names "Liegarde amita Arnulfi comitis", her husband "Richizonis" and their four sons "Hugo et Ludovicus, Rodericus et Riquinus", recording that "Riquinus" was killed by "Heribrando Bulionensi" and buried at St Hubert[263]. m RICHER de Sancy, son of ---.

ARNOUL de Chiny, son of LOUIS [II] Comte de Chiny & his wife Sophie --- (-16 Apr 1106). “Arnulphus comes cum coniuge mea Adelais, filius Ludovici comitis” founded a monastery “in villa Pyrorum…in honore S. Sulpitii”, subject to “ecclesiæ S. Petri et S. Hugberti in Ardenna”, by undated charter signed by “Arnulphi comitis et Manasse fratris eius”[264]. Comte de Chiny. The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert records the donation by "Arnulpho comiti Chiniacensi" of "cella Pirensis" to Saint-Hubert in 1068[265]. "Dux et marchio Godefridus…uxoris mee Beatricis" confirmed the rights of the church of Verdun Saint-Vanne granted by "patre meo Gozelone", with the consent of "comitis Manasse", by charter dated [1065/66], subscribed by "comitis Manasse et filii eius Rainaldi, Hezelini comitis, comitis Arnulfi de Chisneio"[266]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines specifies that "Arnulfus comes Chisniaci" was also "comes de Givel et de Warc"[267]. "…comes Arnulfus de Kyney…" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Henri de Verdun Bishop of Liège approved the foundation of Flône[268]. "Arnulfus…comes" founded the priory of Sainte-Valpurge at Chiny, confirmed by "filiorum meorum Ottonis et Ludovici, nurus…meæ Adeleid", by charter dated 1097, later confirmed by "Ottonis comitis et Frederici præpositi Remensis et Alberti comitis filiorum eius et Adadis comitissæ et Guillelmi avocati"[269]. He founded Orval in 1097. The Chronicon Sancti Huberti records that "Arnulfus comes Chisniacensis" became a monk "in hoc loco Kal Apr…XVI Kal Mai obit"[270].

m firstly ADELA de Ramerupt, daughter of HILDUIN [IV] de Montdidier et de Ramerupt Comte de Roucy & his wife Adelaide de Roucy (-[1068/69], bur Abbaie St Hubert, Ardennes). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Adele" as seventh daughter of Ebles Comte de Roucy and names her husband "Arnulfo comiti de Chisneio"[271], although the chronology favours Adela being the sister rather than daughter of Ebles. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis clarifies the question when it refers to, but does not name, "quintam…Hilduini comitis filiam" as wife of "Arnulfus comes de Cinni"[272]. “Arnulphus comes cum coniuge mea Adelais, filius Ludovici comitis” founded a monastery “in villa Pyrorum…in honore S. Sulpitii”, subject to “ecclesiæ S. Petri et S. Hugberti in Ardenna”, by undated charter signed by “Arnulphi comitis et Manasse fratris eius”[273]. The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert records the burial of "Adeladis uxor Arnulphi, soror…Ebali Roceiensis" at Saint-Hubert, dated to [1068/69] from the context[274].

m secondly ERMENGARDE, daughter of --- (-before 1081). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

m thirdly AGNES, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

Arnoul & his first wife had six children:

1. OTTO [II] (-1131 or after). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Ottonem comitem et sorores eius" as children of "Arnulfus comes de Cinni" and his wife Adela[275]. "Arnulfus…comes" founded the priory of Sainte-Valpurge at Chiny, confirmed by "filiorum meorum Ottonis et Ludovici, nurus…meæ Adeleid", by charter dated 1097, later confirmed by "Ottonis comitis et Frederici præpositi Remensis et Alberti comitis filiorum eius et Adadis comitissæ et Guillelmi avocati"[276]. Comte de Chiny. The Chronicon Sancti Huberti names "filius eius [=Arnulfus comes Chisniacensis] Otto" when recording that he died with "Henrico Coloniæ"[277]. m firstly ERMENGARDE, daughter of --- (-before 1097). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly (before 1097) ALIX de Namur, daughter of ALBERT III Comte de Namur & his wife Ida of Saxony. 1097/1124. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Alaide sorore comitis Godefridi Namucensis" as wife of "comes Otto de Cisneio"[278]. "Arnulfus…comes" founded the priory of Sainte-Valpurge at Chiny, confirmed by "filiorum meorum Ottonis et Ludovici, nurus…meæ Adeleid", by charter dated 1097, later confirmed by "Ottonis comitis et Frederici præpositi Remensis et Alberti comitis filiorum eius et Adadis comitissæ et Guillelmi avocati"[279]. Otto [II] & his second wife had seven children:

a) HUGUES [de Wary] . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Hugo et comes Albertus et Fredericus Remensis ecclesie prepositus" as sons of "Ottonem comitem [de Cinni]"[280]. 1167/69.

b) ALBERT (-29 Sep 1162). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Hugo et comes Albertus et Fredericus Remensis ecclesie prepositus" as sons of "Ottonem comitem [de Cinni]"[281]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comes Albertus" as son of "comes Otto de Cisneio" and his wife Alix[282]. Comte de Chiny.

- see below.

c) FREDERIC . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Hugo et comes Albertus et Fredericus Remensis ecclesie prepositus" as sons of "Ottonem comitem [de Cinni]"[283]. "Arnulfus…comes" founded the priory of Sainte-Valpurge at Chiny, confirmed by "filiorum meorum Ottonis et Ludovici, nurus…meæ Adeleid", by charter dated 1097, later confirmed by "Ottonis comitis et Frederici præpositi Remensis et Alberti comitis filiorum eius et Adadis comitissæ et Guillelmi avocati"[284]. Provost at Reims 1124.

d) ALBERO (-1145). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "quoque episcopus Albero Leodiensis", stating that he recovered "Bullonium per beatum Lambertum", and his sister "comitissa Lovaniensis que comiti Lovanii peperit primum Godefridum comitem", specifying that they were "de prosapia Namucensi"[285], the latter expression being one used by Alberic to indicate maternal ancestry. The passage follows that dealing with the family of Alix de Namur and her husband "comiti Ottoni de Chisneio", although the parentage of the Bishop of Liège and his sister is not specified precisely. Bishop of Liège 1136.

e) EUSTACHE . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1139/59. Advocate of Hesbaie. m --- de Waremme, daughter of WIGER de Waremme advocate of Saint-Lambert, Liège & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Eustache & his wife had one child:

i) LOUIS de Lumain [Lummen] (-1207). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Advocate of Hesbaie. A charter dated 1177 records Louis Seigneur de Lumain as advocate of Hesbaie[286]. "Ludovici advocate Hasbanie" sold the advocacy of Flône, and other rights relating to churches of Liège, to "domino comiti Hainoensi…Balduino", by charter dated 1190, witnessed by "Wilhelmus frater comitis Hainoensis, Alardus de Cimai, Nicholaus de Barbentione…"[287]. m --- de Rumigny, daughter of NICOLAS [III] Seigneur de Florennes et de Rumigny & his wife Eva de Chièvres. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Louis & his wife had one child:

(a) daughter . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Continuatio of the Chronicon Lamberti Parvi which records the death in 1207 of "Lodovicus advocatus Hasbaniæ" and the succession of "Fredericus gener eius, filius ducis Ardennæ"[288], a charter dated 1177 recording Louis Seigneur de Lummen as advocate of Hesbaie[289]. Heiress of Lumain. m FREDERIK van Limburg, son of HENDRIK III Duke of Limburg & his wife Sophie [von Saarbrücken] (-[Apr 1211/May 1212]).

f) IDA (-before 1125). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ([1105]) as his first wife, GODEFROI Comte de Louvain, son of HENRI II Comte de Louvain & his wife Adela [Adelheid] in der Betuwe (-25 Jan 1139, bur Afflighem). Heinrich V King of Germany invested him as GODEFROI V "le Barbu" Duke of Lower Lotharingia in 1106.

g) ODA . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m as his second wife, GISELBERT Comte de Duras, son of OTTO van Looz Comte de Duras & his wife Oda de Duras (-[1135]).

2. LOUIS . "Arnulfus…comes" founded the priory of Sainte-Valpurge at Chiny, confirmed by "filiorum meorum Ottonis et Ludovici, nurus…meæ Adeleid", by charter dated 1097, later confirmed by "Ottonis comitis et Frederici præpositi Remensis et Alberti comitis filiorum eius et Adadis comitissæ et Guillelmi avocati"[290]. 1097/1124.

3. HAWIDE . The Chronicon Sancti Huberti names "Galteri et fratris eius Dodonis et uxoris eius Hawidis filiæ Arnulfi comitis", implying that "Galteri" was husband of Hawide[291]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names the husband of "reliqua soror Ottonis" as "Dodoni de Cons"[292]. 1088. m DODON de Cons, son of ADELON de Cons & his wife ---. 1088.

4. CLEMENCE . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m HUGEL de Waha Châtelain de Mirwart, son of BOVO de Duras & his wife [Beatrix de Laroche].

5. BEATRIX . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

6. daughter . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names the children of "soror Ottonis" as "Arnulfum Treverensem archidiaconum et Cononem "[293]. This presumably refers to one of the daughters of Comte Arnoul named above but it is not known which. m ---. This couple had two children:

a) ARNOUL . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names the children of "soror Ottonis" as "Arnulfum Treverensem archidiaconum et Cononem "[294]. Archdeacon of Trier.

b) CONON . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names the children of "soror Ottonis" as "Arnulfum Treverensem archidiaconum et Cononem "[295].

Arnoul & his third wife had one child:

7. ADALBERO (-1156). The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium names "Alberonem, ecclesiæ suæ [=Virdunensis] archidiaconum, filium Arnulfi comitis Chisneiensium" when recording his election as Bishop of Verdun[296]. Bishop of Verdun 1131.

ALBERT de Chiny, son of OTTO [II] Comte de Chiny & his second wife Alix de Namur (-29 Sep 1162, bur Orval). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Hugo et comes Albertus et Fredericus Remensis ecclesie prepositus" as sons of "Ottonem comitem [de Cinni]"[297]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comes Albertus" as son of "comes Otto de Cisneio" and his wife Alix[298]. "Arnulfus…comes" founded the priory of Sainte-Valpurge at Chiny, confirmed by "filiorum meorum Ottonis et Ludovici, nurus…meæ Adeleid", by charter dated 1097, later confirmed by "Ottonis comitis et Frederici præpositi Remensis et Alberti comitis filiorum eius et Adadis comitissæ et Guillelmi avocati"[299]. Comte de Chiny. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "avus eius [Ludovici…comes de Cisneio] Albertus comes" was buried "in Aureavalle"[300].

m ([1140]) AGNES de Bar, daughter of RENAUD I Comte de Bar & his second wife Gisèle de Vaudémont (-after 1185). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Agenete sorore eiusdem comitis [=comes Barri iunior Raymaldus" specifying that she was mother of "episcopus Vidunensis Arnulfus de Cisneio"[301].

Albert & his wife had seven children:

1. LOUIS [III] (-Belgrade 1189). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comes Ludovicus, Theodericus de Marleriis, episcopus Arnulphus Virdunensis, domna de Hirges et Ida domna de Asperomonte et mater Rogerii de Walehem" as children of "Albertus comes senior Namucensis"[302], although "Namucensis" is an error for "Cisneiensis". Comte de Chiny. m as her first husband, SOPHIE, daughter of --- (-13 Aug [1207 or after]). The primary source which confirms her three marriages has not yet been identified. She married secondly Anseau de Garlande, and thirdly Gauthier d'Yvoix. Louis [III] & his wife had one child:

a) LOUIS [IV] (-[2 Jan/Apr] 1227, bur Orval). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Chiny. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1226 of "Ludovicus…comes de Cisneio" and his burial "in Aureavalle" with "avus eius Albertus comes"[303]. m (after Feb 1205) as her second husband, MATHILDE d'Avesnes, widow of NICOLAS [IV] Seigneur de Rumigny, daughter of JACQUES Seigneur d'Avesnes & his wife Adeline de Guise ([1170]-5 Nov after 1236). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Machtildem, Aelidem, Adeluyam et Agnetem" as the four daughters of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife, adding that "primogenita" married "comiti de Cisneio" and (incorrectly) as her second husband "domino Nicolao de Rumengni"[304]. Louis [IV] & his wife had three children:

i) JEANNE (-17 Jan 1271). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Joanna" as oldest of the three daughters of "comiti de Cisneio" and his wife "Machtildem", adding that Jeanne married "comiti Lossensi Arnulfo" and naming their four sons and two daughters[305]. "Arnoux cuens de Los et de Chisni" acknowledged "Phelippe contesse de Bar…et Thiebaut son fil" as his suzerains in respect of "la terre de Chisni…que je tieng de par ma femme Jehanne la contesse" by charter dated Feb 1240[306]. "Arnous comte de Los et de Chiny et Jehanne comtesse des memes lieux" declared having given a dowry to "Nicholon chevalier seigneur de Kyening" for his marriage to "leur fille Julienne" by charter dated 1267[307]. m ARNOUL [III] Graf van Looz, son of GERARD [III] Graf von Rieneck [Looz] & his wife Kunigunde von Zimmern (-[24 Nov 1272/Feb 1273]).

ii) AGNES (-before 1235). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "secunda filia comitis de Chini et Machtildis filiæ Jacobi Avesnensis" was "domina de Agimont et de Givet" and married "domino Joanni de Retest, Hugonis in comitatu successori" by whom she had one daughter who died young[308]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. Dame d'Agimont et de Givet. m as his first wife, JEAN de Rethel, son of HUGUES [II] Comte de Rethel & his wife Félicité de Broyes dame de Beaufort (-[2 Apr/15 Jul] 1251). He succeeded his brother in 1243 as Comte de Rethel.

iii) MATHILDE de Florenville (-after 1269). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "tertia filia comitis de Chini et Machtildis filiæ Jacobi Avesnensis" married "Ostoni de Trasengnues" by whom she had sons and daughters[309]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m as his second wife, OTTEN [III] de Trazegnies (-[12 Aug 1241/Apr 1242]).

2. THIERRY . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comes Ludovicus, Theodericus de Marleriis, episcopus Arnulphus Virdunensis, domna de Hirges et Ida domna de Asperomonte et mater Rogerii de Walehem" as children of "Albertus comes senior Namucensis"[310], although "Namucensis" is an error for "Cisneiensis". Seigneur de Melier, d'Etalle et de Neufchâteau. 1171/1207. m ELISABETH, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. 1199.

- SEIGNEURS de MELIER et de NEUFCHÂTEAU, HERREN von FALKENSTEIN[311].

3. ARNOUL (-14 Aug 1181). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comes Ludovicus, Theodericus de Marleriis, episcopus Arnulphus Virdunensis, domna de Hirges et Ida domna de Asperomonte et mater Rogerii de Walehem" as children of "Albertus comes senior Namucensis"[312], although "Namucensis" is an error for "Cisneiensis". Bishop of Verdun 1172.

4. ALIX (-9 Aug, after 1177, bur Brogne Abbey). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comes Ludovicus, Theodericus de Marleriis, episcopus Arnulphus Virdunensis, domna de Hirges et Ida domna de Asperomonte et mater Rogerii de Walehem" as children of "Albertus comes senior Namucensis"[313], although "Namucensis" is an error for "Cisneiensis". The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the installation as Bishop of Verdun of "Albertus de Hirgis nepos ex sorore episcopi Arnulfi et comitis de Cisneio Ludovici et Theoderici de Marleriis", recalling that he had a brother "Ludowicum qui longo tempore fuit abbas Sancti Vitoni Virdunensis"[314]. The necrology of Brogne records the death "V Id Aug" of "Alaidis domina de Hierge uxor domini Manassis"[315]. m as his second wife, MANASSES de Hierges, son of HERIBRAND de Hierges & his wife Hodierne de Rethel (-[Brogne Abbey] 8 Jan 1176).

5. IDA . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comes Ludovicus, Theodericus de Marleriis, episcopus Arnulphus Virdunensis, domna de Hirges et Ida domna de Asperomonte et mater Rogerii de Walehem" as children of "Albertus comes senior Namucensis"[316], although "Namucensis" is an error for "Cisneiensis". m GOBERT [V] Seigneur d'Aspremont, son of GOBERT [IV] Seigneur d´Aspremont & his wife Adelaide de Dun (-on Crusade 26 Sep 1190).

6. daughter . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comes Ludovicus, Theodericus de Marleriis, episcopus Arnulphus Virdunensis, domna de Hirges et Ida domna de Asperomonte et mater Rogerii de Walehem" as children of "Albertus comes senior Namucensis"[317], although "Namucensis" is an error for "Cisneiensis". m ROGER de Valden .

7. HUGUES . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1173/1220. m --- de Donchéry, daughter of RENAUD de Donchéry. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

Chapter 8. COMTES de GRANDPRE

The county of Grandpré emerged in the early 11th century in the western part of the county of Dormois ("Dulcomensis"), which lay to the west of the river Meuse north of Verdun and covered the cantons of Vienne le Château, Grandpré, Buzancy, Dun and Varennes. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Dulmense…" to King Charles[318]. No references to counts of Dormois have emerged from the primary sources so far consulted.

1. HILDRAD [Hezelin], son of --- (-Galilee 11 Dec ----, bur Verdun Saint-Vanne). Heimo Bishop of Verdun confirmed an exchange of property by charter dated 1020 which names "comes Hildradus"[319]. "Hildradus cognomento Hescelinus comes" donated property "Bolruuel" for "Hercendis uxoris mee, Richardi quoque filii mei quem ad clericatus" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated 1020, subscribed by "Albrici nepotis mei"[320]. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed the foundation and possessions of the convent of Maria Magdalena at Verdun by charter dated 16 Jun 1040, on the petition of "Ricardi Virdunensis ecclesiæ presulis,…quodam suæ dioceseos clerico Ermenfrido, …tempore patris sui Heizelini comitis", which records donations by "Beroldi…quod imprimis eius pater comes Hezelinus…tradidit…[et] Guota per manus mariti sui Gotefridi ducis…aliud etiam de Ionvilla quæ dedit Adelaidis comitissa"[321]. The Chronicon Hugonis records that "Hildradus comes" offered "Richardum filium suum post episcopum" to the church and died in Galilee but was buried at Verdun[322]. The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "III Id Dec" of "Hildradus comes pater domni Richardi episcopi qui nobis tradidit…apud Bolrourum et ad Theonis"[323]. m ([1012/15], separated [1020/23]) [as her first husband,] HERSENDE, daughter of ---. "Hildradus cognomento Hescelinus comes" donated property "Bolruuel" for "Hercendis uxoris mee, Richardi quoque filii mei quem ad clericatus" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated 1020, subscribed by "Albrici nepotis mei"[324]. The precise parentage of Hersende is unknown. However, her possible relationship to Gérard Bishop of Cambrai, who was the son of Arnaud Seigneur de Florennes, is indicated by the Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium which records that "Gerardus episcopus…nepte" was the wife of "Hezelino". Gérard was elected bishop in 1010 but it is unlikely that he was born much earlier than 990, bearing in mind that his mother was the daughter of Godefroi Comte de Verdun whose marriage is dated to [963]. It is therefore probable that "nepte" in Gesta should be translated as a more remote family relationship than "niece": any children of Gerard's brothers and sisters could not have been born earlier than 1005, whereas Hildrad's son Richard (presumably born from his marriage with the bishop's niece) was assigned to be a cleric at Verdun Saint-Vanne in 1020. It is possible that the bishop's relationship with Hersende was through his mother's family, the comtes de Verdun. It is possible that Hersende married secondly ([1020/25]) Widrich Comte de Clermont, after her separation from Hildrad. The line of argument regarding Hersende´s possible second marriage is complex and depends on the correctness of several assumptions. Firstly, it is assumed, that Giselbert Comte de Clermont was the grandson of Widrich [I], as explained in the chapter relating to the comtes de Clermont in the document LOWER LOTHARINGIAN NOBILITY. Secondly, it is assumed that Ermengarde, wife of Gozelon Comte de Montaigu, was the paternal aunt of Giselbert Comte de Clermont, as indicated by the latter´s charter for Cluny dated 1091[325]. Thirdly, in a charter dated 1064, Ermengarde Ctss de Montaigu names her brothers Comte Hescelin, Renaud and Baudouin[326], who are identified as three of the sons of Hildrad [Hezelin] Comte [de Grandpré]. Fourthly, Comte Hildrad´s wife is named in the charter dated 1020, under which "Hildradus cognomento Hescelinus comes" donated property for "Hercendis uxoris mee, Richardi quoque filii mei quem ad clericatus" to Verdun Saint-Vanne[327]. Fifthly, as noted above, the Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "Gerardus episcopus…nepte" was the wife of "Hezelino", and that the couple separated after eight years of marriage[328]. Sixthly, it is assumed that this was the same wife of Comte Hildrad [Hezelin] who is named in the 1020 document (the chronology appears favourable) and that she was the mother not only of Hildrad´s son Richard (named in the 1020 document) but also of his three sons who are named in the 1064 document. It is conceded that the argument is shaky and could fail if any one of these assumptions was incorrect. Nevertheless, it is felt to be a sufficiently interesting possibility to include in the present document. Hildrad & his first wife had [four] children:

a) HERMANN (-after 1064). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte . Ermengarde Ctss de Montaigu donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hubert by charter dated 1064, which names her brothers Comte Hescelin, Renaud and Baudouin[329]. m JUDITH, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

i) HENRI [Hezelin] (-1097 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Ermengarde Ctss de Montaigu donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hubert by charter dated 1064, which names her brothers Comte Hescelin, Renaud and Baudouin[330]. "Dux et marchio Godefridus…uxoris mee Beatricis" confirmed the rights of the church of Verdun Saint-Vanne granted by "patre meo Gozelone", with the consent of "comitis Manasse", by charter dated [1065/66], subscribed by "comitis Manasse et filii eius Rainaldi, Hezelini comitis, comitis Arnulfi de Chisneio"[331]. m --- de Porcien, daughter of ---. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Rogerum comitem Porcensem" as "Hescelinus comes de Grandiprato fratrem"[332], although this relationship cannot as yet be explained unless "fratrem" can be translated as brother-in-law. Henri & his wife had one child:

(a) HENRI [I] de Grandpré (-before 1151). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Grandpré et de Porcien. Comte de Verdun 1120/1124.

- see below.

ii) RICHARD (-1114 or after). The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium records the installation of "Richardus Virdunensem archidiaconum" as Bishop of Verdun, specifying that he also governed the county of Grandpré after the deaths of "fratre Heinrico comite…et altero fratre Balduino"[333]. Bishop of Verdun 1107/1114.

iii) BAUDOUIN (-killed in battle on Crusade [late 1100]). The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium names "Balduino" as brother of Richard Bishop of Verdun, specifying that he left on Crusade but was killed by Turks[334]. Albert of Aix records the deaths of "Baudouin de Grandpré, Dudon de Clermont, Wigebert de Laon"[335], undated but in a passage adjacent to text which records events in late 1100.

b) RICHARD ([1015]-7 Nov 1046, bur Verdun). "Hildradus cognomento Hescelinus comes" donated property "Bolruuel" for "Hercendis uxoris mee, Richardi quoque filii mei quem ad clericatus" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated 1020, subscribed by "Albrici nepotis mei"[336]. The reference to "filii mei" rather than "filii nostri" in this document suggests that Richard was not the child of Hildrad by his marriage to Hersendis. The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium records a donation by Richard Bishop of Verdun "pro anima patris sui comitis Hildradi qui cognomentus est Hecelinus"[337]. Bishop of Verdun 1039. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed the foundation and possessions of the convent of Maria Magdalena at Verdun by charter dated 16 Jun 1040, on the petition of "Ricardi Virdunensis ecclesiæ presulis,…quodam suæ dioceseos clerico Ermenfrido, …tempore patris sui Heizelini comitis", which records donations by "Beroldi…quod imprimis eius pater comes Hezelinus…tradidit…[et] Guota per manus mariti sui Gotefridi ducis…aliud etiam de Ionvilla quæ dedit Adelaidis comitissa"[338]. The Chronicon Hugonis records that "Hildradus comes" offered "Richardum filium suum post episcopum" to the church and died in Galilee[339]. The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "VII Id MXLVI" of "dominus Richardus episcopus Virdunensis"[340].

c) BAUDOUIN (-after 1064). Ermengarde Ctss de Montaigu donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hubert by charter dated 1064, which names her brothers Comte Hescelin, Renaud and Baudouin[341].

d) RENAUD (-after 1064). Ermengarde Ctss de Montaigu donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hubert by charter dated 1064, which names her brothers Comte Hescelin, Renaud and Baudouin[342].

e) [BEROLD (-after 16 Jun 1040). "Heinricus…rex" confirmed the foundation and possessions of the convent of Maria Magdalena at Verdun by charter dated 16 Jun 1040, on the petition of "Ricardi Virdunensis ecclesiæ presulis,…quodam suæ dioceseos clerico Ermenfrido, …tempore patris sui Heizelini comitis", which records donations by "Beroldi…quod imprimis eius pater comes Hezelinus…tradidit…[et] Guota per manus mariti sui Gotefridi ducis…aliud etiam de Ionvilla quæ dedit Adelaidis comitissa"[343].]

2. [---. m ---.]

a) [ALBERIC (-after 1020). "Hildradus cognomento Hescelinus comes" donated property "Bolruuel" for "Hercendis uxoris mee, Richardi quoque filii mei quem ad clericatus" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated 1020, subscribed by "Albrici nepotis mei"[344]. The precise relationship between Hildrad and Alberic has not yet been identified.]

HENRI [I], son of HENRI [Hezelin] Comte & his wife --- de Porcien (-before 1151). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Grandpré et de Porcien. Comte de Verdun 1120/1124.

m ERMENTRUDE de Joux, daughter of CONON "Falcon" de La Sarraz [Grandson] & his wife Adelaide de Roucy. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Ebalum et…episcopum Laudunensem Bartholomeum et eorum sorores" as children of "Aeliz de Sarrata in Burgundia", specifying that one sister married "Henrico comiti de Grandi prato Hescelini filio"[345]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to "unam sororum domni Bartholomei" as wife of "Henricus de Grandi-prato"[346].

Comte Henri [I] & his wife had five children:

1. HENRI [II] de Grandpré (-[1188/90]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Henricum" as son "Henrico comiti de Grandi prato" & his wife, specifying that he was buried "in Fusneio"[347]. Comte de Grandpré. "Henricus comes Grandiprati, Gaufridus frater eius, Willelmus de S. Maura" subscribed a charter dated 1179 under which "Henricus comes Palatinus Trecensis" donated property to the church of St Marie, Josaphat[348]. m LIUTGARD de Luxembourg, daughter of GUILLAUME I Comte de Luxembourg & his wife Luitgard von Beichlingen. 1170. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names the wife of "Henricus Waflart comes Grandi-prati" as "comitissam de Luceleburch"[349]. The Chronicon Hanoniense refers to "Willelmi comitis de Lusceleborch…filiam…uxor comes de Grandi-Prato" when recording that her first cousin "Henricus comes Namurcensis" challenged her succession in Luxembourg after her father died[350]. Comte Henri [II] & his wife had two children:

a) HENRI [III] de Grandpré (-1211). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Henricum…agnomine Wafflart" as son of "Willelmi comitis de Lusceleborch…filiam…uxor comes de Grandi-Prato"[351]. Comte de Grandpré.

- see below.

b) ROBERT de Grandpré . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop of Verdun 1208/17.

2. GEOFFROY de Grandpré (-before 1184). "Henricus comes Grandiprati, Gaufridus frater eius, Willelmus de S. Maura" subscribed a charter dated 1179 under which "Henricus comes Palatinus Trecensis" donated property to the church of St Marie, Josaphat[352]. Seigneur de Balham et de Château-Porcien. m ALIX de Bazoches, daughter of GERVAIS de Bazoches & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1156/89.

- SEIGNEURS de CHÂTEAU-PORCIEN et de BALHAM[353].

3. ROBERT de Grandpré . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Archdeacon at Chalon 1150/89.

4. RENAUD de Grandpré . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur de Sommepy. 1178.

5. ALIX de Grandpré . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Henricum et Adelidem" as children of "Henricus de Grandi-prato" & his wife, specifying that Adelidis married firstly "Godefrido de Durbuil, frater comitis de Namuco et comitis de Rupe" and secondly "Godefrido de Aissa"[354]. 1124. "Veneranda Adelidis, germana dicti Henrici, nupsit comiti Godefrido de Durbuil, frater comitis de Namuco et comitis de Rupe. De quo peperit Richardum Laudunensem atque Virdunensem archidiaconum, fratrem quoque eius Henricum et sororem eius Adelidem sanctimonialem. Defuncto autem Godefrido de Durbuil, predicta Adelidis nupta Godefrido de Aissa peperit Robertum Fusniacensem abbatem et Henricum, Fredericum atque Bartholomeum necnon Ermengardem. Alteram Bartholomei episcopi sororem duxit Erchenbaldus vicecomes de Mascuns, de qua genuit Hugonem thesaurarium Remensis ecclesie et Stephanum monachum, Ertaldum, Erchembaldum et sorores eorum. Ertaldus genuti equivocum sibi Ertaldum. Quedam soror Ertaldi Amedeo de Alta-ripa peperit Amedeum Lausanensem episcopum. Terciam sororem domni Bartholomei duxit Trombertus de Alta-villa, de qua genuit Wibertum et fratrem eius. Quartam duxit Paganus de Sancci, que filias habuit. Quintam duxit Berlo de Mureno"[355]. m firstly GODEFROI Comte de Durbuy, son of HENRI de Namur Comte de Durbuy & his wife --- (-before 1124). m secondly ([before 1124]) GOTTFRIED [II] von Esch an der Sauer, son of ---. 1123/50.

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

HENRI [III] de Grandpré, son of HENRI [II] Comte de Grandpré & his wife Liutgard de Luxembourg (-1211). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Henricum…agnomine Wafflart" as son of "Willelmi comitis de Lusceleborch…filiam…uxor comes de Grandi-Prato"[356]. Comte de Grandpré.

m firstly as her second husband, ISABEAU de Coucy, widow of RAOUL Comte de Roucy, daughter of RAOUL I Seigneur de Coucy & his first wife Agnes de Hainaut. The Chronicon Hanoniense names (in order) "Iolandem…Agnetis…tercia…Ada" as the three daughters of "Radulphus de Cocy" & his wife, specifying that Agnes married firstly "Radulpho comiti de Roci", by whom she was childless, and secondly "comiti de Grandiprato"[357]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the two daughters of "Rodulfo de Marla" & his wife Agnes as "mater…comitis de Grandiprato, altera Hyolenz [uxor] comiti de Brana Roberto"[358].

m secondly as her first husband, ADA d'Avesnes, daughter of JACQUES Seigneur d'Avesnes & his wife Adeline de Guise (-after 1249). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Machtildem, Aelidem, Adeluyam et Agnetem" as the four daughters of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife, adding that she married "comiti de Grandi-prato"[359]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. Heiress of Hans. She married secondly (before 1223) Raoul de Nesle Comte de Soissons.

Comte Henri [III] & his first wife had one child:

1. HENRI [IV] (-1229). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Henricum" as only son of "comiti de Grandi-prato" by his first wife, adding that he succeeded his father[360]. Comte de Grandpré. m as her first husband, MARIE de Garlande, daughter of GUILLAUME [V] de Garlande Seigneur de Livry & his wife Adela de Châtillon-sur-Marne (-after 1259). Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1217 under which “Johannes comes Bellimontis” agreed the succession of “domino Guillelmo de Gallandia” with “Henricus comes Grandiprati…et Guidonem buticularium”, which states that he had married the deceased´s oldest daughter and the other two his second and third daughters respectively[361]. She married secondly ([Aug 1230], divorced 1232) Geoffroy de Joinville Seigneur de Monclair, and thirdly ([1232/35]) Anséric [IX] Sire de Montréal. Comte Henri [IV] & his wife had three children:

a) HENRI [V] (-1287 after 7 Apr). Comte de Grandpré. m (before May 1237) ISABEAU de Brienne, daughter of ERARD de Brienne Seigneur de Rameru & his second wife Philippa of Jerusalem [Champagne] (-[21 Aug 1274/Feb 1277]). Comte Henri [V] & his wife had four children:

i) HENRI (-before 1287). Seigneur de Livry. m firstly (before Dec 1267) as her second husband, LAURE de Montfort Dame d'Epernon, widow of FERDINAND de Castille Comte d'Aumâle, daughter of AMAURY de Montfort ex-Duc de Narbonne & his wife Beatrix de Viennois [Bourgogne-Capet] (-before Aug 1270, bur Abbaye Saint-Antoine-lès-Paris). "Ferrandus…regis Hyspanie filius, heres Pontivil et dominus Sparnonis ac miles et domina Laura de Monteforti eiusdem Sparnonis domina eius uxor" issued letters to the priory of Saint-Thomas d´Epernon by charter dated Feb 1261[362]. "Henricus de Grandiprato miles dominus de Lyvriaco et Laura de Monteforti eius uxor domina de Sparnone" donated property to the priory of Saint-Thomas d´Epernon by charter dated Dec 1267[363]. m secondly (before Dec 1273) ISABELLE de Luxembourg, daughter of GERARD de Limbourg Seigneur de Durbuy & his wife Mechtild von Kleve. Heiress of Roussy. 1304.

- SEIGNEURS de HOUFFALIZE[364].

ii) JEAN (-[1314]). Seigneur de Buzancy. He succeeded his father in 1287 as Comte de Grandpré. m (before Oct 1301) JEANNE, daughter of ---. 1323.

- COMTES de GRANDPRE[365].

iii) ISABELLE (-before 4 Apr 1292). m firstly (before 8 Oct 1275) as his third wife, HUGUES [IV] Comte de Rethel, son of MANASSES [IV] Comte de Rethel & his [second] wife Elisabeth d´Ecry (-[8 Oct 1275/1277]). m secondly (before 1277) NICOLAS de Charbogne, son of ---. Comte de Rethel 1280.

iv) MARGUERITE . m --- de Bolandre .

b) JACQUES . 1241.

c) ALIX (-before 1261). "Simon seigneur de Joinville, sénéchal de Champagne" declared that Thibaut IV Comte de Champagne had letters relating to the proposed marriage between "Jean, fils de Simon et de Béatrix, fille d'Etienne comte d'Auxonne" and "Alix, fille de Marie comtesse de Grandpré", by charter dated 11 Aug 1230[366]. m (contract 11 Aug 1230) as his first wife, JEAN de Joinville, son of SIMON Seigneur de Joinville & his second wife Beatrix d'Auxonne [Bourgogne-Comté] (-1317). Seigneur de Joinville. Seneschal de Champagne.

Comte Henri [III] & his second wife had four children:

2. JACQUES (-before 8 Aug 1249). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "comiti de Grandi-prato…primogenitus filiorum Jacobus" (by his second wife) succeeded his father "in terra de Hans in Campania"[367]. Seigneur de Hans. m as her first husband, HELVIDE de Barbançon, daughter of GILLES de Barbancon & his wife ---. 1238/1282. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "comiti de Grandi-prato…primogenitus filiorum Jacobus" (by his second wife) married "filia domini Nicolai de Barbenchon" by whom he fathered two sons "Henricum et Jacobum"[368]. She married secondly (before May 1250) Gérard [III] d'Ecry.

- SEIGNEUR de HANS[369].

3. GEOFFROI (-1247 or after). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "comiti de Grandi-prato" had two sons and two daughters (who were childless) by his second wife, adding that the second son "Joffridus…clericus" was made "episcopus Cathalaunensis"[370]. Provost at Montfaucon. Bishop of Chalon 1237.

4. daughter . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "comiti de Grandi-prato" had two sons and two daughters (who were childless) by his second wife[371]. Nun.

5. daughter . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "comiti de Grandi-prato" had two sons and two daughters (who were childless) by his second wife[372].

Chapter 9. COMTES de LONGWY

The county of Longwy developed in the southern part of the county of Methingau (Matensis), which lay to the east of the county of Ivois and south of the county of Arlon, bound on the east by the river Moselle. It corresponded to the doyennés of Mersch and Luxembourg. Lietard, a relative of Wicfrid Bishop of Verdun, is the first recorded count of Longwy in the last quarter of the 10th century until about [1026]. Longwy was inherited by Ermesende de Luxembourg, who may have been the granddaughter of Adalbert Duke of Lower Lotharingia and who transmitted it to the family of the comtes de Namur.

1. [--- . m ---.] One child:

a) WICFRID (-31 Aug 984). Bishop of Verdun 980. The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium records that "Wicfridus episcopus" was "de Bawariorum partibus vir Teutonicus"[373]. The necrology of Verdun Cathedral records the death "Pridie Kal Aug" of "Winfridus episcopus qui dedit fratribus Beslanc"[374]. The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "II Kal Sep" of "Wicfridus episcopus Virdunensis"[375].

2. [--- .] m WERNER [Graf von Rothenburg], son of ---. One child:

a) GODILA (-1015). Thietmar names a "nobly born woman from the West…Godila" as wife of Lothar, naming her father Werner and specifying that her cousin was Wicfrid Bishop of Verdun[376]. Thietmar records that Godila remained unmarried for four years after her husband died then married secondly "her relative Hermann"[377]. Godila's second husband has been identified as Hermann [II] Graf von Werl[378]. If this is correct she must have been his second wife as Thietmar records that "she was denied any hope of future offspring" as she was excommunicated for the marriage, her husband being "her relative"[379]. m firstly LOTHAR [III] Graf von Walbeck, Markgraf der Nordmark, son of LOTHAR [II] Graf von Walbeck & his wife Mathilde von Arneburg (-25 Jan 1003, bur Köln Cathedral). m secondly (1007) as his second wife, HERMANN [II] Graf von Werle, son of HERMANN [I] Graf von Werle & his wife Gerberga of Burgundy (-after 14 Sep [1029]).

Two brothers, related to Wicfrid Bishop of Verdun and to Konrad II King of Germany, although the precise family relationships are not known.

1. LIETARD (-19 May [1015/20], bur Verdun St Vanne). The Vita Richardi abbatis S Vidoni Virdunensis names "comes Lietardus, Ottonis imperator consanguineus", records his bringing "habitu religionis…beato Vitono" to "villam sui iuris Bailodium dictam", his work "perquirendo iusticiam in curia Heinrici imperatoris" and his death at "Treviris apud Sanctum Maximum" where he was buried[380]. Wigfrid Bishop of Verdun agreed an exchange of property with "sobrini nepotes" Liuthard and Richwin de Longwy by charter dated 973[381]. Comte de Longwy. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comes Letardus de Longui, pater Manegaudi" as "nepos" of "imperator Conradus"[382]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the properties of the convent of St Vanne at Verdun, among which that donated by "…comes…Liutardus…in pago Waprensi in comitatu de Custrei…Bailodium", and donated "Mosomum" on the petition of "Herimanni comitis" by charter dated 1015[383]. The Hugonis Chronicon records that "domnus Liethardus comes de Marceio" became a monk in the monastery of Verdun St Vanne, to which he donated "Bailodium", and died and was buried at Verdun[384]. The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "XIV Kal Jun" of "Lietardus ex comite conversus qui…Baylodium" donated[385]. m EMMEHILD, daughter of --- (-14 Jan ----). The Vita Richardi abbatis S Vidoni Virdunensis names "uxor etiam ipsius venerandi comitis, Emmehyldis" and her donation to the church of Verdun[386]. The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "XIX Kal Feb" of "Emmehildis comitissa uxor domni Lietardi comitis qui Bailodium nobis dedit"[387]. Comte Lietard [III] & his wife had one child:

a) MANEGOLD (-[1040]). The Vita Richardi abbatis S Vidoni Virdunensis names "filio suo [=comitis Lietardi] comite Manegaudo", recording that he opposed his father's religious donations, which were later confirmed after his father's death in the court of Emperor Heinrich II[388].

2. RICHWIN (-after 973). Wicfrid Bishop of Verdun agreed an exchange of property with "sobrini nepotes" Liuthard and Richwin de Longwy by charter dated 973[389].

1. ADALBERT [Albert], son of GERHARD Comte [de Metz] & his wife Gisela --- (-killed in battle near Thuin 11 Nov 1048). The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names (in order) "Adalbertus, Gerhardus, Cuonradus, Adalbero, Beatrix, Cuono, Huoda abbatissa, Azelinus, Ida, Adeleth" as children of "Gerhardus comes [et] Gisela"[390]. The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium names "Albertum de Longui castro", but does not give his origin[391]. Comte de Longwy, probably succeeding on the death of Manegold in [1040]. Emperor Heinrich III appointed him as ADALBERT Duke of Upper Lotharingia in early 1047, after confiscating the duchy from Godefroi II "le Barbu" Duke of Upper Lotharingia. Duke Adalbert was killed fighting the forces of ex-Duke Godefroi. No indication has been found of the name of Duke Adalbert's wife, assuming that he was married at all. Szabolcs de Vajay[392] has confirmed the incorrectness of his earlier proposition that Duke Adalbert's wife was Clémence de Foix, and that the Duke was the father of Etiennette (wife of Guillaume Comte de Bourgogne) and Clémence (wife of Conrad Comte de Luxembourg). The Kalendarium Sanctæ Mariæ Virdunensis records the death "III Id Nov" of "fuit prœlium ducis Alberti"[393].

Chapter 10. GRAFEN von MAYENFELD

The county of Mayenfeld (pagus Magnacensis) was located in the area to the south of the confluence of the rivers Mosel and Rhine, east of the counties of Bidgau and Eifel[394]. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Megenensium…" to King Ludwig[395]. During the 9th and early 10th centuries, references have been found to Grafen von Mayenfeld but the county appears to have been held conjointly with other counties. In the early 12th century, the county of Virneburg emerged in part of the area of the county of Mayenfeld[396].

1. MEGINGOZ [II], son of --- (-killed 28 Aug 892, bur Trier St Maximin). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. However, his unusual name suggests a close family relationship with Megingoz [I]. The Miraculæ S. Maximi record that "Megingaudo, regni huius duci" was granted the monastery of "abbate Herkenberto", St Maximin from the context, by Emperor Arnulf[397]. Graf von Mayenfeld: "Arnolfus…rex" donated property "in pago Meinifeld…villam Ribanache" to Kloster St Maximin at Trier naming "comes noster…Megingoz" by charter dated 23 Jan 888[398]. "Arnolfus…rex" donated property "in pago Uuormazfelda in comitatu Megingaudi…in villa Dechidestein" to Kloster Fulda on the proposal of "Pobbonis et Deotpoldi [comitum]" by charter dated 21 Jul 889[399]. Regino records that "Megingaudus comes, nepos supradicti Odonis regis" was killed "892 V Kal Sep" by "Alberico in monasterio sancti Xysti quod vocatur Rotila", specifying that he was buried in "Treverim apud sanctum Maximum" and in a later passage that "Arnolfi Zvendiboldo filio" was given the honours of "Megingaudi comitis" in 892[400]. The Annales Einsidlenses record the death in 991 of "Manegold comes"[401]. m as her first husband, GISELA, daughter of ---. The Miraculi Sanctæ Waldburgis names "Gisela matrona pernobilis, uxor Burchardi, Walochonis comitis filii, quæ antea matrimonio iuncta fuerat comitis Megindaudi"[402]. She married secondly Burkhard, who later succeeded as Graf von Mayenfeld.

1. BURKHARD, son of WALACHO & his wife --- (-after 28 Oct 905). "Hludowicus…rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster St Gallen by charter dated 24 Jun 903 in which among "fidelium nostrum" was listed "Purchart filius Vualahonis"[403]. Graf von Mayenfeld: "Wuieldrud" donated property to Münster St Martin with the consent of "senioris mariti mei…Hildiberti" by charter dated 28 Oct 905 made "in pago Meginouelt…in comitatu Burchardi comitis"[404].

Chapter 11. COMTES de METZ (GRAFEN von METZ)

The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…civitatem Mettis cum abbatia S. Petri et S. Martini et comitatu Moslensi" to King Ludwig[405]. Vanderkindere suggests that the "pagus Moslensis" was a geographical expression which covered the whole of the upper Moselle area from Rübenach, west of Koblenz, to Jussy, Ars and Cheminot upstream of Metz[406].

A. GRAFEN von METZ (MATFRIEDE)

ADALHARD [IV], son of ADALHARD [III] & his wife --- (-[2 Jan] 890). The primary source which identifies Adalhard [IV] as the son of Adalhard [III] has not yet been identified. However, the Catalogus abbatem Epternacensium names "Adelardus iunior comes" as [lay] abbot of Echternach in 878 until 890, suggesting that he may have had the same name as his father[407]. "Hludowicus…rex" confirmed a donation of property "in pago Muselahgeuui in comitatu Adalhardi villam…Berge" to Kloster Fulda by charter dated 24 Jul 880[408]. Emperor Karl III granted property "in Weitereiba in comitatu Adalhardi ad Rosbach" to Kloster Fulda by charter dated 7 Apr 884[409]. The Liber Memorialis of Remiremont records the death "IV Non Jan" of "Adellardus"[410], although it is not certain that this refers to Adalhard [IV]. Hlawitschka suggests that Adelhard [IV] married ---, [daughter of Matfried [II] & his wife ---], or daughter of Matfried's sister and that the couple were the parents of the three brothers Gebhard and Matfried Counts of Metz and Richer Bishop of Verdun[411].]

Possible children:

No source has yet been found which names the parents of the following five brothers. However, the fact that one is named Matfried suggests that they were sons of Adalhard [II] and his wife, assuming that she was the daughter of Matfried [II]. A descent from Adalhard [IV] is also suggested by the common use of the names Stephanus and Gerard in the two families.

1. STEFAN (-after [900]). Comte de Chaumont: Arnulf King of Germany granted property "in pago Calmenzgouve in comitatu Stephani in locis…Granswillari et Rosieres" to "abbati Stephano" by charter dated 19 May 891[412]. Emperor Arnulf confirmed complaints by Arnaud Bishop of Toul against "comes Stephanus et Gerardus frater suus et Matfridus", on the intervention of "filii nostri Zuenzoboldi et Vikenindi ducis", by undated charter, marked as spurious in the compilation although there is no reason why the genealogical information should be considered inaccurate[413]. Graf von Bidgau: King Zwentibold donated property "in pago Piatahgeuue in comitatu Stefani comitis…Steinheim, Carescara, Oppilendorf, Bullendorf, Arenza, Maquila, Gladehch, Uffichine" to the canons of Echternach by charter dated 28 Oct 895[414]. Ludwig "das Kind" King of the East Franks confirmed an exchange of property between Kloster Fulda and "nobilis comes Stefan" with the consent of "germani sui Walohonis viri religiosi" by spurious charter dated 900[415].

2. GERHARD ([870/75][416]-killed in battle 22 Jun 910). The De Rebus Treverensibus sæculi VIII-X Libellus names two brothers "Gerardus et Meffridus" specifying that Gerhard married Oda, widow of King Zwentibold[417]. Regino records that in 897 "Stephanus, Odacar, Gerardus et Matfridus comites" had their honours confiscated, and the reconciliation of "Stephanus, Gerhardus et Matfridus" with King Zwentibold soon after[418]. Regino records that "Chuonradus comes" sent "filium suum Chuonradum" against "Gerardum et fratrem eius Matfridum" in 906[419]. The Annales Laubecenses record that "Gebehardum ducem et Liutfredum" were killed in battle against the Bavarians in 910[420]. m (after 13 Aug 900) as her second husband, ODA, widow of ZWENTIBOLD King of Lotharingia [Carolingian], daughter of OTTO "des Erlauchten" Duke of Saxony & his wife Hedwig ([884][421]-[2 Jul] after 952). Regino records that "Gerhard comes" married "Odam uxorem Zuendiboldi regis" after killing her first husband in battle in 900[422]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the donation of property "in pago…Hamalant in comitatu Vuigmanni" to St Moritz at Magdeburg by "nostra amita…Uota" by charter dated 30 Dec 952[423]. Jackman speculates[424] that she married thirdly Eberhard Graf im Oberlahngau, Pfalzgraf]. Gerhard & his wife had four children:

a) WICFRID (-9 Jul 953). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Property "in pago Juliacense in comitatu Godefridi comitis" is referred to in a charter dated 2 Aug 945, signed by "Wichfridi archiepiscopi…fratris eius Godefridi comitis"[425]. Abbot of St Ursula at Köln. Deacon 922. Archbishop of Köln 924-953. Arch chancellor 950.

b) UDA (-after 18 May 963). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. A charter dated 943 refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinesdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[426]. "Otto…rex" confirmed a donation of property "Dauantri in pago…Hamalant in comitatu Wichmanni comitis…" inherited by "Uda nostra nepta" by charter dated 28 Aug 960[427]. "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[428]. m GOZLIN [Gozelon] Comte, son of WIGERICH [III] Graf im Bidgau & his wife Cunegundis --- ([before 915]-[12 Oct 942/16 Feb 943]).

c) daughter. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ---, a Bavarian.

d) GOTTFRIED ([905/10]-26 Mar after 949). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. his birth date range is estimated from the likely marriage date of his parents and the date his father died. Property "in pago Juliacense in comitatu Godefridi comitis" is referred to in a charter dated 2 Aug 945, signed by "Wichfridi archiepiscopi…fratris eius Godefridi comitis"[429]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the possession of Süsteren abbey for Kloster Prüm by charter dated 1 Jun 949, which names "Wicfridus episcopus…Godefridus comes…"[430]. Graf im Jülichgau. The Liber Memorialis of Remiremont records the death "4 Kal Apr" of "Godefridus comes"[431]. m (before [934]) ERMENTRUDE, daughter of ---. The Liber Memorialis of Remiremont: lists (1) "Dumnus Gislibertus dux…Dumna Girberga, Ainricus, Haduidis…", which is followed by (2) "Gottefridus comes cum infantibus…suis, Ermentridis comitissa"[432], and (3) "Gotefridus, Ermendrudis, Gotefridus, Gebardus, Gerardus, Adelardus, Girberga" assumed to be Gottfried, his wife, four sons and daughter[433]. , and (4) "…Caroli imperatoris…Hludowici imperatoris, Hlotarii, Caroli, Ermentrudis"[434], which may represent an abbreviated attempt to set out the ancestry of Ermentrude wife of Graf Gottfried. Hlawitschka suggests[435] that Ermentrude was Ermentrude of the Franks, daughter of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks & his first wife Frederuna. He appears to base this on another name list in the Liber Memorialis naming the Carolingian kings and emperors (in order) "…Caroli imperatoris…Hludowici imperatoris, Hlotarii, Caroli, Ermentrudis"[436], suggesting that this represents an abbreviated attempt to set out the ancestry of Ermentrude wife of Graf Gottfried. However, the connection between entries (1) to (3) and entry (4) appears to be speculation. Gottfried & his wife had five children:

i) GOTTFRIED (-in Italy 964). The Vita Adelheidis refers to the four brothers of "Gerbirg…filia ducis Godefridi", of whom "unus paterno nominee...obiit [sine] legitimæ uxoris et liberorum…alter …attavus fuit Henrici nuper defuncti imperatoris [Heinrich III]", the remaining two being ancestors of German nobles[437]. He died of fever in Italy. "Otto…imperator augustus" gave property in Villers-Ghislain to the abbey of St Ghislain "pro remedio…quondam…ducis nostri Godefridi" on the request of Bruno archbishop of Köln and "Richarius comes" by charter dated 2 Jun 965[438].

ii) GERBERGA (after 934-[995]). The Vita Adelheidis names "Gerbirg…filia ducis Godefridi" as wife of "Megengoz"[439]. The Memorial of "Megendaudus…Gerbirga marito" also names "Irmendrudis", recording that she was born with them, presumably indicating that she was their daughter, with the name "Adelheidis abbatissa" recorded at the end of the passage out of context[440]. m MEGINGOZ, --- (-14 Jan [998]).

iii) GEBHARD . The Liber Memorialis of Remiremont in [930s/940s] names (in order) "Gotefridus, Ermendrudis, Gotefridus, Gebardus, Gerardus, Adelardus, Girberga" assumed to be Gottfried, his wife, four sons and daughter [441].

iv) GERHARD ([930/35][442]-after 963). The Liber Memorialis of Remiremont in [930s/940s] names (in order) "Gotefridus, Ermendrudis, Gotefridus, Gebardus, Gerardus, Adelardus, Girberga" assumed to be Gottfried, his wife, four sons and daughter117. Graf von Metz 963. The Vita Adelheidis refers to the four brothers of "Gerbirg…filia ducis Godefridi", of whom "unus paterno nominee...obiit [sine] legitimæ uxoris et liberorum…alter …attavus fuit Henrici nuper defuncti imperatoris [Heinrich III]", the remaining two being ancestors of German nobles[443].

- see below.

v) ADELARD . The Liber Memorialis of Remiremont in [930s/940s] names (in order) "Gotefridus, Ermendrudis, Gotefridus, Gebardus, Gerardus, Adelardus, Girberga" assumed to be Gottfried, his wife, four sons and daughter117.

3. MATFRIED (-19 Aug [930]). The De Rebus Treverensibus sæculi VIII-X Libellus names two brothers "Gerardus et Meffridus"[444]. Regino records that in 897 "Stephanus, Odacar, Gerardus et Matfridus comites" had their honours confiscated, and the reconciliation of "Stephanus, Gerhardus et Matfridus" with King Zwentibold soon after[445]. Regino names "Richarium, fratrem Gerhardi et Mathfridi"[446]. Graf [von Metz]. Regino records that "Chuonradus comes" sent "filium suum Chuonradum" against "Gerardum et fratrem eius Matfridum" in 906[447]. Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks restored Kloster Susteren to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 19 Jan 916 which names "fidelium nostrorum…Widricus comes palatii, Richuuinus comes, Gislebertus, Matfridus, Beringerius comites, Theodericus comes, Reinherus comes, Erleboldus"[448]. A document dated 7 Nov 921 recording a meeting between Charles III "le Simple" King of France and Heinrich I King of Germany names "Matfredus, Erkengerus, Hagano, Boso, Waltherus, Isaac, Ragenberus, Theodricus, Adalardus, Adelelmus" as representatives of the former[449]. "Bernacrus…et uxor mea Eva necnon et filia nostra Albuera" donated property "Radinga in pago Metensi in comitatu Matfridi" to St Maximin, supported by "Giselbertum comitem…atque abbatis", by charter dated 926[450]. The Liber Memorialis of Remiremont records the death "XIV Kal Sep" of "Matfridus"[451]. m LANTSIND, daughter of RADALD & his wife Rotrud --- (-7 Mar ----). The Liber Memorialis of Remiremont names "Domini Dadoni episcopi cum genitore Radaldo et matri Rotrude sororibusque Uuilburch et Lantsint cum fratre Adelberto et filiis suis"[452]. Her marriage is confirmed by Flodoard naming "Bernuino, Dadonis episcopi nepoti"[453], Bishop Dado being Lantsind's brother and Bernuin her son, combined with the Vita of Johannes von Gorze which names "[Adelbert] cum fratris Bernuini Virdunensis episcopi"[454]. The Liber Memorialis of Remiremont records the death "Non Mar" of "Lantsquent"[455]. Matfried & his wife had three children:

a) ADALBERT (-killed in battle 27 Jan or 10 Feb 944). The Vita of Johannes von Gorze names "[Adelbert] cum fratris Bernuini Virdunensis episcopi"[456]. Regino records that "Adalbertus comes filius Matfridi" was killed in 944 by "Uodone"[457]. Graf [von Metz]. m as her first husband, LIUTGARDE, daughter of WIGERICH [III] Graf im Bidgau & his wife Cunegundis --- (-after 4 Aug 960). "Liutgardis" donated property "in comitatu Nithegowe cui Godefridus comes" inherited from "parentibus meis Wigerico et Cunegunda" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…parentum meorum, seniorum quoque meorum Alberti et Everhardi vel filiorum meorum" by charter dated 8 Apr 960[458]. A more precise indication of the parentage of Liutgarde's two husbands has not yet been identified. She married secondly Eberhard [V] Graf im Nordgau [Egisheim]. Eberhard [V] Graf im Nordgau is shown as Liutgarde's second husband in Poull[459] and Europäische Stammtafeln[460]. Rösch[461] is more cautious, referring to Liutgarde's second husband as "Eberhard" without citing his origin. Wegener[462] assumes that the wording of the 960 charter means that "Alberti et Everhardi" were Liutgard's successive husbands and that both were deceased at the date of the charter, although this is not necessarily the only interpretation of the text. He argues that Liutgarde's second husband could not therefore have been Eberhard [V] Graf im Nordgau, who died in [972/73], and suggests that "Eberhard" was Eberhard Duke of Bavaria [Liutpoldinger]. However, as the last reference to Duke Eberhard is in 938, this would mean that he was Luitgarde's first husband, which appears unlikely if the order of the names of her two husbands in the charter was chronological. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines provides some interesting corroboration for Liutgarde's marriage to Graf Eberhard [V] by recording "comes Hugo de Daburg, pater sancti Leonis pape" as "consobrinus" of "imperator Conradus"[463]. If Liutgarde's two marriages were as shown here, Hugo [IX] Graf von Egisheim was second cousin once removed of Emperor Konrad, the emperor being the great-grandson of Liutgarde by her first marriage, and Hugo her grandson by her first marriage. Adalbert & his wife had two children:

i) MATFRIED (before 944-). The Notitiæ Altorfenses names "Mefridus, patruus prefatorum dominorum" (referring to "comitis Eberhardi sive comitis Hugonis vel istorum fratrum Gerhardi et Maffridi") in relation to a donation he made to Metz St Etienne[464]. These four brothers were the sons of Hugo [V] "Raucus" Graf im Nordgau [Egisheim], who was the son of Luitgarde [Wigeriche] and her second husband Eberhard Graf im Nordgau. The relationship "patruus" referred to above is therefore consistent with Matfried having been paternal uncle of the brothers, uterine half-brother of their father. No other primary source which confirms his parentage has yet been identified. 960. m ---, [relative of Wicfrid Bishop of Verdun].

ii) [LIUTGARDE . Thierry Stasser suggests that the wife of Robert [I] Comte de Namur may have been [Liutgarde], daughter of Adalbert Graf [von Metz], emphasising that this purely speculative based only on onomastics[465]. m ROBERT [I] Comte de Namur, son of ---.]

b) BERNOIN . The Vita of Johannes von Gorze names "[Adelbert] cum fratris Bernuini Virdunensis episcopi"[466]. Flodoard names "Bernuino, Dadonis episcopi nepoti"[467], referring to Bernoin's maternal uncle as explained above. Bishop of Verdun 928-939.

c) daughter . The Vita of Johannes von Gorze names "cognatus ipsius [Adalberti]…Lantberti, nam eius sororem habebat"[468]. m LAMBERT ---.

4. RICHER (-23 Jul 945, bur Liège Saint-Pierre). Regino names "Richarium, fratrem Gerhardi et Mathfridi"[469]. Abbot of Prüm 899. Bishop of Liège 920. The Liber Memorialis of Remiremont records the death "X Kal Aug" of "Richerus episcopus"[470].

5. WALACHO (-after [900]). Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany confirmed an exchange of property between Kloster Fulda and "nobilis comes Stefan" with the consent of "germani sui Walohonis viri religiosi" by spurious charter dated 900[471].

GERHARD, son of GOTTFRIED Graf im Jülichgau & his wife Ermentrude of the Franks ([930/35]-after 963). The Liber Memorialis of Remiremont in [930s/940s] names (in order) "Gotefridus, Ermendrudis, Gotefridus, Gebardus, Gerardus, Adelardus, Girberga" assumed to be Gottffried, his wife, four sons and daughter[472]. Graf von Metz 963. The Vita Adelheidis refers to the four brothers of "Gerbirg…filia ducis Godefridi", of whom "unus paterno nominee...obiit [sine] legitimæ uxoris et liberorum…alter …attavus fuit Henrici nuper defuncti imperatoris [Heinrich III]", the remaining two being ancestors of German nobles[473].

m ---. The name of Gerhard's wife is not known.

Gerhard & his wife had [two possible children]:

1. [RICHARD ([950/55][474]-). Graf [von Metz]. 982. Nephew of Wicfrid Bishop of Verdun, although the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified, nor the precise nature of the relationship.]

2. [GERHARD . No proof has been found of the paternity of Richard and his brother Gerhard. However, the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines provides some interesting support for the affiliation shown here by recording "comes Hugo de Daburg, pater sancti Leonis pape" as "consobrinus" of "imperator Conradus"[475]. If Liutgarde, supposed paternal grandmother of Richard and Gerhard, married twice as shown above, Hugo [VI] Graf von Egisheim would have been second cousin once removed of Emperor Konrad, the emperor being the great-grandson of Liutgarde by her first marriage, Hugo being her grandson by her first marriage. Either Richard or Gerhard was father of, although the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified:

- see below.

Children either of RICHARD Graf von Metz (-after 982), or his brother GERHARD:

1. GERHARD (-[1021/33]). Herimannus names "Gerhardum comitem, Counradi postea imperatoris avunculum" when recording his defeat in 1017 by "Godefridus dux partis Lotharingorum"[476]. Wipo names "Adalheida ex nobilissima gente Litharingorum oriunda…soror…comitem Gerhardi et Adalberti" and mother of "maioris Chuononis", specifying that the brothers were "de antiquo genere Troianorum regem"[477]. Graf [von Metz] 1006. "Comes Gerardus" donated property to the monastery of Fruttuaria, at the request of "conjuge Eva" for the soul of "filii sui Sigifredi defuncti", by charter dated 1020, witnessed by "Girardi, Giselberti, Folmarii comitum…"[478]. m EVA [de Luxembourg], daughter of SIEGFRIED Comte [de Luxembourg] & his wife Hedwig --- (-19 Apr after 18 Jun 1040). "Comes Gerardus" donated property to the monastery of Fruttuaria, at the request of "conjuge Eva" for the soul of "filii sui Sigifredi defuncti", by charter dated 1020, witnessed by "Girardi, Giselberti, Folmarii comitum…"[479]. Her parentage is deduced from Thietmar naming her son Siegfried, son of Count Gerhard, "the empress's nephew"[480]. This is confirmed by "Henricus…rex" granting property "in villa Morlinga in pago Musiligeauue in comitatu Uirad" to "Abenze…ex parte sue sororis contectalis Heinrici imperatoris" by charter dated 18 Jun 1040[481]. Gerhard & his wife had [two] children:

a) SIEGFRIED (-[27 Aug 1017/3 Feb 1020]). Thietmar names Siegfried, son of Count Gerhard, specifying that he was the empress's nephew and recording that he was captured when his father met Godefroi Duke of Lower Lotharingia for "a judicial duel" 27 Aug 1017[482]. "Comes Gerardus" donated property to the monastery of Fruttuaria, at the request of "conjuge Eva" for the soul of "filii sui Sigifredi defuncti", by charter dated 1020, witnessed by "Girardi, Giselberti, Folmarii comitum…"[483].

b) [BERSCINDA . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Abbess of Remiremont [1030/1040].]

2. ADALBERT (-(-[1 Feb/30 Jun] 1037 or after, bur Bourzonville Monastery). Wipo names "Adalheida ex nobilissima gente Litharingorum oriunda…soror…comitem Gerhardi et Adalberti" and mother of "maioris Chuononis"[484]. Graf von Metz.

- see below.

3. ADELHEID ([975][485]-19 May [1039/46], bur Öhningen Stiftskirche). Wipo names "Adalheida ex nobilissima gente Litharingorum oriunda…soror…comitem Gerhardi et Adalberti" and mother of "maioris Chuononis"[486]. Her second marriage is suggested by the Vita Meinwerci which names "Gebehardus iuvenis, frater imperatoris" when recording his tonsure at the synod in 1028[487], Gerhard not being named elsewhere as the full brother of Emperor Konrad I. m firstly HEINRICH Graf im Wormsgau, son of OTTO Duke of Carinthia, Graf im Nahe-, Speier-, und Wormsgau [Salier] & his wife Judith --- (-[20 Sep 989/1000]). m secondly ---. The name of Adelheid's second husband is not known. Adelheid & her second husband had [three] children:

a) GEBHARD ([after 1000]-1060). The Vita Meinwerci names "Gebehardus iuvenis, frater imperatoris" when recording his tonsure at the synod in 1028[488]. Herimannus names "Gebehardus, Counradi imperatoris ex matre Adalheide frater" when recording his installation as Bishop of Regensburg in 1036[489]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "in loco…Ramprehtestetin/Ramarsstetin…in marchia et in comitatu Arnoldi marchionis" to "Adalrammo fideli nostro" by charter dated 1 Oct 1043 on the petition of "Gebehardi episcopi patrui nostri"[490].

b) [ROTHILD ([after 1000]-2 Dec ----). The death of "Chrothildis Ottonis III filia, Conradi imperatoris soror, avia mea" is recorded "IV Non Dec" in the Necrologium included in the Chronicon Hugonis[491]. While Rothild could clearly not have been the daughter of Emperor Otto III, it would be chronologically plausible if she was the uterine half-sister of Emperor Konrad II. If she had been the emperor's full sister there would no doubt have been more than this single reference to her existence. m ---. The name of Rothild's husband is not known.] Rothild & her husband had one child:

i) DADA "de Monte Walcherii" (-17 Oct ----). The death of "Dada de monte Walcherii, mater mea, Crothildis filia" is recorded "XVI Kal Nov" in the Necrologium included in the Chronicon Hugonis[492]. m RAINER --- (-27 Jul ----). The death of "Raynerus, pater meus" is recorded "VI Kal Aug" in the Necrologium included in the Chronicon Hugonis[493]. Rainer & his wife had four children:

(a) FRIEDRICH (-11 Feb before [1140]). The death of "Fredericus laycus, frater meus" is recorded "III Idus Feb" in the Necrologium included in the Chronicon Hugonis[494].

(b) GERHARD (-16 Oct before [1140]). The death of "Gerardus laycus, frater meus" is recorded "XVII Kal Nov" in the Necrologium included in the Chronicon Hugonis[495].

(c) RAINER (-11 Dec before [1140]). The death of "Raynerus iunior, frater meus" is recorded "III Id Dec" in the Necrologium included in the Chronicon Hugonis[496].

(d) HUGO (Verdun 1065-[1140][497]). Monk at Verdun and at the abbey of Flavigny, he was the author of the Chronicon Hugonis.

c) [---. m ---.]

i) LIETARD . "Lietardus, imperatoris Conradi nepos et consanguineus" is named in the Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium, when recording that he became a monk at Verdun under Frederic of Lotharingia "Bailodium [=Baileu] tradens"[498]. This must have occurred before 1022, the date of Frederic's death. It is not known how Lietard was related to Emperor Konrad, but the most likely possibility is that one his parents was the emperor's uterine brother or sister. This is further supported by the reference to Verdun, where the son of his supposed first cousin was also a monk. The name Lietard suggests a family connection with the Comtes de Huy (see LOWER LOTHARINGIAN NOBILITY).

ADALBERT, son of [RICHARD Graf von Metz or GERARD Graf von Metz] & his wife --- (-[1 Feb/30 Jun] 1037 or after, bur Bourzonville Monastery). Wipo names "Adalheida ex nobilissima gente Litharingorum oriunda…soror…comitem Gerhardi et Adalberti" and mother of "maioris Chuononis"[499]. Graf von Metz. The Chronicle of St Bénigne de Dijon records a donation by "Albertus comes Mettensis" of "villam Vulferei", recording that after his death "Girardus dux filius eius" cancelled the donation, undated but listed among records of other donations in the late 1020s[500]. "Adelbertus dux et marchio Lotoringie et Iuditta uxor mea ducissa et marchionissa" donated property "villam nostram Mamendorf" to the abbey of St Matthew by charter dated 12 Jun 1037[501]. The testament dated 1037 of "Adalbero…prepositus S Paulini Treuerensis" is witnessed by "Adelberti avunculi nostri marchionis et ducis Lothoringie et Iuditte amicte nostre uxoris sue"[502]. The titles "dux et marchio Lotoringie" in these documents cannot be explained as no other record has been found to indicate that Adalbert was either duke or marquis of Lotharingia.

m JUDITH, daughter of --- (-27 Jul [1037/38], bur Bourzonville/Busendorf). The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names "Adalbertus comes marchio et uxor sua Iuditha" as parents of Gerhard, noting that they were both buried in the monastery and in a later passage noting their joint donation dated "1033 pridie Kal Feb"[503]. "Iuta marchionissa Litoringie" donated property "villam nostram Mamendorf" to the abbey of St Matthew by charter dated 1030[504]. "Adelbertus dux et marchio Lotoringie et Iuditta uxor mea ducissa et marchionissa" donated property "villam nostram Mamendorf" to the abbey of St Matthew by charter dated 12 Jun 1037[505]. The testament dated 1037 of "Adalbero…prepositus S Paulini Treuerensis" is witnessed by "Adelberti avunculi nostri marchionis et ducis Lothoringie et Iuditte amicte nostre uxoris sue"[506]. The relationship between Judith and Adalbero, son of Siegfried Count of Luxembourg, has not been established. "Amita" suggests that Judith was his paternal aunt, sister of Siegfried. However, it is not clear from the document whether it was Judith or her husband who was the blood relation of Adalbero. "Avunculus" suggests that Adalbert was Adalbero's maternal uncle. However, this cannot be correct as Adalbert's brother Gerhard is recorded as having married Siegfried's daughter Eva, who would have been his niece.

Graf Adalbert & his wife had one child:

1. GERHARD (-1045, bur Bourzonville Monastery). The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names "Gerhardus comes marchio filius [Adalbertus comes marchio et uxor sua Iuditha] cum uxore sua Gisela", noting that they were both buried in the monastery[507]. Graf. "Gerardus" donated property to Saint-Bénigne de Dijon for the souls of "patris mei Adalberti et avunculi mei Gerardi" by charter dated 30 Jun 1033[508]. Gérard Comte d'Alsace settled a dispute with the abbess of Remiremont for the souls of "Adelbert et Juditte ses père et mère" by charter, now lost, dated May 1038[509]. m GISELA, daughter of --- (-bur Bourzonville Monastery). "Gerardus…Lothariensium dux" donated property to Echternach abbey by charter dated 11 Apr 1067 which names "uxoris mea Hadvidis filiique nostre Theoderici…patris mei Gerhardi matrisque meæ Gislæ"[510]. Graf Gerhard & his wife had eleven children:

a) ADALBERT [Albert] (-killed in battle near Thuin 11 Nov 1048). The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names (in order) "Adalbertus, Gerhardus, Cuonradus, Adalbero, Beatrix, Cuono, Huoda abbatissa, Azelinus, Ida, Adeleth" as children of "Gerhardus comes [et] Gisela"[511]. The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium names "Albertum de Longui castro", but does not give his origin[512]. Comte de Longwy. Emperor Heinrich III appointed him as ADALBERT Duke of Upper Lotharingia in early 1047, after confiscating the duchy from Godefroi II "le Barbu" Duke of Upper Lotharingia. Duke Adalbert was killed fighting the forces of ex-Duke Godefroi. No indication has been found of the name of Duke Adalbert's wife, assuming that he was married at all. Szabolcs de Vajay[513] has confirmed the incorrectness of his earlier proposition that Duke Adalbert's wife was Clémence de Foix, and that the Duke was the father of Etiennette (wife of Guillaume Comte de Bourgogne) and Clémence (wife of Conrad Comte de Luxembourg). The Kalendarium Sanctæ Mariæ Virdunensis records the death "III Id Nov" of "fuit prœlium ducis Alberti"[514]. m ---. The name of Adalbert's wife is not known. Adalbert & his wife had [one possible child]:

i) [ERMENSENDE . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comitissa de Longui et de Castris Ermensendis" as wife of "Conrado comiti de Luscelenburch"[515]. If Alberic correctly identifies the wife of Konrad as Ctss de Longwy et de Castres, it is likely that she was the daughter of Adalbert Duke of Lower Lotharingia who was also Comte de Longwy, but no primary source which confirms that this is correct has yet been found. If this is correct, it is likely that Ermensende was Konrad's first wife and the mother of his daughter Ermensende, who is recorded as heiress of Longwy. m [as his first wife,] KONRAD Comte de Luxembourg, son of GISELBERT Graf von Salm, Comte de Luxembourg & his wife --- (-in Palestine 8 Aug 1086, bur Luxembourg Münster Abbey).

b) GERHARD (-Remiremont [14 Apr] or 11 Aug [1070]). The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names (in order) "Adalbertus, Gerhardus, Cuonradus, Adalbero, Beatrix, Cuono, Huoda abbatissa, Azelinus, Ida, Adeleth" as children of "Gerhardus comes [et] Gisela"[516]. In an earlier passage, the same source names "Odelrico comite et Gerhardo duce" as sons and successors of "Gerhardus comes marchio [et] cum uxore sua Gisela"[517]. Graf von Metz. Emperor Heinrich III appointed him as GERARD Duke of Upper Lotharingia after his brother was killed in battle in Nov 1048.

- DUKES of LORRAINE.

c) KONRAD . The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names (in order) "Adalbertus, Gerhardus, Cuonradus, Adalbero, Beatrix, Cuono, Huoda abbatissa, Azelinus, Ida, Adeleth" as children of "Gerhardus comes [et] Gisela"[518].

d) ADALBERO . The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names (in order) "Adalbertus, Gerhardus, Cuonradus, Adalbero, Beatrix, Cuono, Huoda abbatissa, Azelinus, Ida, Adeleth" as children of "Gerhardus comes [et] Gisela"[519].

e) BEATRIX . The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names (in order) "Adalbertus, Gerhardus, Cuonradus, Adalbero, Beatrix, Cuono, Huoda abbatissa, Azelinus, Ida, Adeleth" as children of "Gerhardus comes [et] Gisela"[520]. Nun at Remiremont.

f) ODELRICH (-1065 or after, bur Bourzonville Monastery). A letter of Rodulfi Abbatis quotes a charter of "Adelbero…Metensis episcopus" dated 1065 which is signed by "domnus Theodericus nepos eius, domnus Gervoldus archidiaconus, domnus Odelricus frater ducis Gerardi…"[521]. The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names "Odelrico comite et Gerhardo duce" as sons and successors of "Gerhardus comes marchio [et] cum uxore sua Gisela"[522]. Odelrich is not included in the list of the ten other children of Gerhard and Gisela included in another passage of the same source[523]. The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names "filiis [Gisila…et Gerhardo duce] Odelrico", recording that he was buried with his parents[524].

g) CUONO . The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names (in order) "Adalbertus, Gerhardus, Cuonradus, Adalbero, Beatrix, Cuono, Huoda abbatissa, Azelinus, Ida, Adeleth" as children of "Gerhardus comes [et] Gisela"[525]. Hlawitschka suggests that those named after Beatrix were more distant relations[526].

h) ODA . The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names (in order) "Adalbertus, Gerhardus, Cuonradus, Adalbero, Beatrix, Cuono, Huoda abbatissa, Azelinus, Ida, Adeleth" as children of "Gerhardus comes [et] Gisela"[527]. Hlawitschka suggests that those named after Beatrix were more distant relations[528]. Abbess of Remiremont 1048-1070.

i) AZELINUS . The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names (in order) "Adalbertus, Gerhardus, Cuonradus, Adalbero, Beatrix, Cuono, Huoda abbatissa, Azelinus, Ida, Adeleth" as children of "Gerhardus comes [et] Gisela"[529]. Hlawitschka suggests that those named after Beatrix were more distant relations[530].

j) IDA . The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names (in order) "Adalbertus, Gerhardus, Cuonradus, Adalbero, Beatrix, Cuono, Huoda abbatissa, Azelinus, Ida, Adeleth" as children of "Gerhardus comes [et] Gisela"[531]. Hlawitschka suggests that those named after Beatrix were more distant relations[532].

k) ADELHEID . The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names (in order) "Adalbertus, Gerhardus, Cuonradus, Adalbero, Beatrix, Cuono, Huoda abbatissa, Azelinus, Ida, Adeleth" as children of "Gerhardus comes [et] Gisela"[533]. Hlawitschka suggests that those named after Beatrix were more distant relations[534].

B. GRAFEN von METZ (FOLMAR)

FOLMAR [VII] de Metz, son of FOLMAR [VI] Comte de Metz & his wife Suanehilde --- (-25 Jun 1111, bur Lixheim). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Metz, Huneburg et Lunéville. He founded Lixheim in 1107.

m ---. The name of Folmar's wife is not known.

Graf Folmar [VII] & his wife had three children:

1. FOLMAR [VIII] (-1145, bur Beaupré). Graf von Metz et de Homburg. "…Comes Folmarus, Hugonellus heres et filius meus" subscribed the charter dated 1128 under which "Comes Rainaldus" restored property at Maidières to Liège Saint-Lambert on the advice of "fratris nostri Stephani Metensi episcopi"[535]. He founded the abbey of Beaupré in 1135. m MECHTILD de Dagsburg, daughter of ALBERT I Graf von Egisheim, Dagsburg und Moha & his second wife Ermensende de Luxembourg. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1157. Graf Folmar [VIII] & his wife had six children:

a) HUGO (-1159 or after). "Ermensendis comitissa Namucensis" confirmed the prior donation of property to the church of Verdun Saint-Vanne by "senioris mei comitis Alberti" by charter dated to [1124], subscribed by "domni mei Godefridi comitis et filii mei Henrici comitis, Hugonis filii Folmari comitis, Everardi filii Aiulfi comitis"[536]. "…Comes Folmarus, Hugonellus heres et filius meus" subscribed the charter dated 1128 under which "Comes Rainaldus" restored property at Maidières to Liège Saint-Lambert on the advice of "fratris nostri Stephani Metensi episcopi"[537]. Graf von Homburg 1147. Graf von Metz 1157.

b) FOLMAR [IX] (-1171 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Lunéville 1160.

c) ALBERT . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1147.

d) CLEMENTIA . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. “Folmarus…comes de Castel…et uxor mea Clementia” made declarations relating to Gorze Abbey by charter dated to [1152/60][538]. 1157. m her second cousin, FOLMAR [I] Graf von Bliescastel, son of GOTTFRIED [I] Graf von Bliescastel & his wife ---.

e) AGNES (-before 1180). Heiress of Longwy. m LUDWIG [I] Graf von Looz und Rieneck Stadtgraf von Mainz, son of ARNOLD I Graf von Looz und Rieneck & his wife Agnes von Mainz (-11 Aug 1171).

f) ALEIDIS . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. 1157.

2. HUGUES . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1101.

3. THEOGAR (-1120). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Elected Bishop of Metz 1117, installed 1118.

Chapter 12. GRAFEN im NIEDGAU

The county of Niedgau, whose name derives from the river Nied a tributary of the river Sarre, lay south and west of the county of Lower Saargau, east of the counties of Metz and Rizzigau, and north of Saulnois[539]. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Nitachowa…" to King Ludwig[540]. In the late 10th century, properties in Niedgau are recorded in the county of Siegfried Comte [de Luxembourg][541]. Adalbert Comte de Metz founded the abbey of Bouzonville in the county of Nitagau[542]. The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ records that "Adalbertus comes [Comte de Metz] marchio et uxor sua Iuditha" founded the monastery of Bouzonville in the county of Niedgau in 1033[543], and it appears that the county remained with their descendants the dukes of Lorraine.

1. HATTO (-after 19 Jan 882). Graf im Niedgau. "Hatto comes" donated property adjacent to that of "Luitfredus comes nepos meus" to "monasterio Blidenstat…in pago Nithegowe in villa Wilena" by charter dated 13 Nov 849[544]. An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[545]. "Hludovicus rex" donated property "ex fisco nostro Wisibad in pago Cunigeshundra in villa…Nordinstat in comitatu Hattonis comitis" to Kloster Bleidenstatt by charter dated 19 Jan 882[546].

2. [--- . m ---. One child]:

a) LIUTFRIED (-after [874]). "Hatto comes" donated property adjacent to that of "Luitfredus comes nepos meus" to "monasterio Blidenstat…in pago Nithegowe in villa Wilena" by charter dated 13 Nov 849[547]. Graf im Niedgau. A charter dated to [874] records a donation of property "in Francia in pago Nitichevve in comitatu Liutfridi in villa…Hurnovva"[548].

3. LIETARD [II] (-after 911). Graf im Niedgau. The monastery of St Maximin exchanged property "in pago Nedinse in comitatu Liutardi in loco…Burmeringas" for property "in pago Bedinse in comitatu Widrici…villa…Eslingis" with Rorich (vassal of Trier) by charter dated 1 Jan 909[549]. Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks granted property "Lestorphem…in pago Indensi [Nidensi]" to the church of Cambrai, with the consent of "Letardo…eiusdem pagi…comite", by charter dated 911[550].

4. EBERHARD (-before 965). m MATHILDE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 18 Oct 965 under which her daughter "Rigalind" donated property "hereditatis mee in pago Nithagowe in comitatu eiusdem Burcardi" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "parentum meorum Eburhardi et Mathildis", with the consent of "fratris mei Burcardi"[551]. Eberhard & his wife had three children:

a) BURKHARD (-after 18 Oct 965). Graf im Niedgau. "Rigalind" donated property "hereditatis mee in pago Nithagowe in comitatu eiusdem Burcardi" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "parentum meorum Eburhardi et Mathildis", with the consent of "fratris mei Burcardi", by charter dated 18 Oct 965, signed by "Rigalindis, Burcardi comitis, Eburhardi fratris eius…"[552].

b) EBERHARD (-after 18 Oct 965). "Rigalind" donated property "hereditatis mee in pago Nithagowe in comitatu eiusdem Burcardi" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "parentum meorum Eburhardi et Mathildis", with the consent of "fratris mei Burcardi", by charter dated 18 Oct 965, signed by "Rigalindis, Burcardi comitis, Eburhardi fratris eius…"[553].

c) REGELIND (-after 18 Oct 965). "Rigalind" donated property "hereditatis mee in pago Nithagowe in comitatu eiusdem Burcardi" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "parentum meorum Eburhardi et Mathildis", with the consent of "fratris mei Burcardi", by charter dated 18 Oct 965, signed by "Rigalindis, Burcardi comitis, Eburhardi fratris eius…"[554].

Chapter 13. COMTES d'ORNOIS

The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Odornense, quod Bernardus habuit…" to King Ludwig[555], and "…comitatum…Tullense aliud Odornense, quod Tetmarus habuit…" to King Charles[556]. The latter appears to refer to the county of Toul, but the former was probably a separate county. Vanderkindere suggests several different areas where this county may have been located: along the river Ornain (tributary of the Marne) either in the doyennés of Ligy and Dammarie ("upper" Ornois) or the doyennés of Gondrecourt and Reynel ("lower" Ornois); on the western border of Upper Lotharingia between the Perthois (in France) and the Soulossois; to the north of Verdun along the river Orne, a tributary of the Moselle[557]. Judging by the other territories which were assigned to King Ludwig under the 870 agreement, it is more likely that Ornois ruled by Bernard was in the eastern part of what was later the duchy of Upper Lotharingia.

1. BERNARD (-after 8 Aug 870). Comte d'Ornois. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Odornense, quod Bernardus habuit…" to King Ludwig[558].

Chapter 14. GRAFEN von SAARBRÜCKEN

The county of Lower Saargau included Saarbrücken, Saarlouis and Saarburg. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Sarachowa subterior…" to King Ludwig[559]. The county of Lower Saargau was also referred to as comitatus Waldervinga in the 10th century, part of the pagus Rezcensis which lay along the Mosel valley from Thionville to Sierck[560]. After the death of Comte Egilolf, Siegfried Comte [de Luxembourg] is recorded with properties in Rizzigau. Emperor Otto III granted the castle of Saarbrücken and its dependencies Völklingen, Quierscheidt and Wehrden to the bishop of Metz by charter dated 14 Apr 999[561]. However, the Luxembourg family of Siegfried continued to retain interests in the Lower Saargau, as demonstrated by the testament dated 12 Nov 1036 of "Adalbero…prepositus S Paulini Treuerensis", son of Siegfried, who is called in this document "dominus de Ruscheio, de Serico, de Sarburch et de Berincastel"[562]. The castle of Saarbrücken ("castellum Sarebrucca…in pago Sargowe") was confirmed once more in the hands of the church of Metz by Heinrich IV King of Germany by charter dated 3 Apr 1065[563]. By 1080, the county of Saarbrücken was held by Count Sigebert [I], whose ancestry is not known.

1. EGILOLF (-after 963). Graf von Rizzigau: "Thiedo" donated property "Dalahem…in Rezcensi pago in comitatu Walderuingen cui Egilolfus comes preesse viditur" to St Maximin for the soul of "patris mei Humberti" by charter dated 962[564]. "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[565]. Vanderkindere suggests that Egilolf may have been the father of Comte Siegfried, who is recorded with properties in Rizzigau, or of his wife[566].

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.