CASTILe NOBILITY 10th-11th CENTURY

v4.1 Updated 17 April 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION. 1

Chapter 1. ÁLVAREZ FAMILY. 2

Chapter 2. AZA. 31

Chapter 3. FAMILY of EL CID (PATERNAL ANCESTORS) 40

Chapter 4. FAMILY of EL CID (MATERNAL ANCESTORS) 49

Chapter 5. FAMILY of GONZALO GARCÍA. 53

Chapter 6. LIÉBANA. 64

Chapter 7. FAMILY of MUNIO DÍAZ. 65

Chapter 8. FAMILY of RODANO DÍAZ. 78

Chapter 9. OTHER NOBLE FAMILIES in CASTILE. 82

INTRODUCTION

The families of the counts in the county of Castile in the 9th and 10th centuries are shown in the document CASTILE & LEÓN COUNTS & KINGS. Conde Fernando González, who is recorded as count in Castile from [932] until 970, established the county as a fully autonomous entity and expanded its territorial area southwards. By the succession of his grandson Sancho García in 995, the county included territory from the Cantabrian coast in the north to Sepúlveda in the south. It also disputed jurisdiction with the kings of León over the areas around Saldaña, Palencia and Simancas to the west and with the kings of Navarre over Nájera and Álava to the east. The present document shows the other noble families which established themselves in the county of Castile in the 10th and early 11th centuries.

Sancho III King of Navarre, who had succeeded in 999 and already controlled the county of Aragon as well as Navarre itself, married the eldest daughter of Sancho García Count of Castile in 1010. After the murder in 1029 of the last independent count of Castile, García II Sánchez, he claimed Castile in his wife´s name and installed their second son Fernando as count. The king divided his territories between his sons on his death in 1035. Fernando retained Castile, which was raised to the status of a kingdom. His succession as Fernando I King of Castile marked the arrival of Castile as a powerful force in Iberian politics.

The citations marked “Regestalia” in the end-notes are taken from extracts of cartularies between 711 and 1065, translated into Spanish, which appeared on the website “Proyecto Regestalia” which was presented by the Universidad de Alcalá[1]. This source did not include the names of subscribers to the charters in question. Unfortunately this data collection no longer appears to be available on-line[2].

Chapter 1. ÁLVAREZ FAMILY

Two possible brothers, sons of Munio. The common patronymic, and their joint involvement in a property arrangement, suggests that the two husbands in the 29 Apr 1032 charter shown below may have been brothers. However, the placement of the name of Munia, wife of Álvaro Muñoz, before her husband in the document suggests that she may have been the main beneficiary of the transaction. If that is correct, she may have been the sister of either Diego Muñoz or of his wife Teresa and, in the latter case, Álvaro may or may not have been Diego´s brother. A reference to Diego Muñoz is found in Navarre in [1042], married to a different wife, but there are no indications that this was the same person as Diego who is shown below.

1. MUNIO --- ([930/55]-). His birth date is estimated on the assumption that his four supposed grandsons were adult when named in a charter dated [1030] (see below). m ---. The name of Munio´s wife is not known. Munio & his wife had [two] children:

a) DIEGO Muñoz (-after 29 Apr 1032). "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña, in exchange giving “kasa de Matarusci” to “domna Munnia et ad Alvaro Munnoz”, by charter dated 29 Apr 1032, subscribed by “Ruderico Gundissalbiz, Ruderico Gudistioz, Nunu Assuriz, Salbator Gundissalbiz, Gundissalbo Petriz, Loppe Oggandariz, Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz”[3]. m TERESA ---, daughter of --- (-after 29 Apr 1032). "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña, in exchange giving “kasa de Matarusci” to “domna Munnia et ad Alvaro Munnoz”, by charter dated 29 Apr 1032, subscribed by “...Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz”[4].

b) [ÁLVARO Muñoz (-after 29 Apr 1032). "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña, in exchange giving “kasa de Matarusci” to “domna Munnia et ad Alvaro Munnoz”, by charter dated 29 Apr 1032, subscribed by “...Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz”[5]. m MUNIA ---, daughter of --- (-after 29 Apr 1032). "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña, in exchange giving “kasa de Matarusci” to “domna Munnia et ad Alvaro Munnoz”, by charter dated 29 Apr 1032, subscribed by “...Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz”[6].]

The chronology is favourable for Álvaro, father of Munio and Nuño, and maybe of the other three possible brothers shown below, to have been the same person as Álvaro Muñoz who is shown above. The name of (maybe the eldest) son Munio also suggests that this is possible. The main difficulty with this possibility is the virtual absence from the record of Álvaro Muñoz, which appears to reflect his relative obscurity and lack of influence in noble circles, compared with the evident amount of influence achieved by at least four of the five [possible] brothers who are shown below. Reference should also be made to the identity of “Nuño Álvarez”. The charters quoted below show that there were (at least) two different persons named Nuño Álvarez in Castile during the 1030s/1040s, one the brother of Rodrigo Álvarez (maternal ancestor of El Cid), the other Nuño Álvarez who is shown below. The reference by Nuño´s daughter Urraca to her maternal uncle Munio Álvarez, as well as to her mother, in the [1088] charter shown below, suggests that the husband of María Gutiérrez was Nuño Álvarez who is shown below. This assumes that the (oldest) brother Munio was named after their supposed father (identified in line with the suggestion made above). The possibility that all five individuals shown below were brothers appears strongly supported by the numerous charters, quoted below, in which some or all of Nuño, Gonzalo, Fortún and Diego are named together. It also interesting to note the subscription of the 29 Apr 1032 charter by Salvador González, which together with other indications discussed further below, suggest a connection between the Álvarez and Salvadórez families. Maybe the relationship was through the mother of the following five supposed brothers, although such a proposal is not consistent with their father being Álvaro Muñoz considering his relative obscurity compared with the influence exerted by the Salvadórez family.

1. ÁLVARO --- . m ---. The name of Álvaro's wife is not known. As noted above, there are indications which suggest that she may have been related to the family of Salvador González, which is shown below in Part F of the present chapter. The name of her supposed fourth son “Fortún” is typically Navarrese and suggests a connection with the Navarrese nobility. Álvaro & his wife had [five] children:

a) MUNIO Álvarez (-after 1031). "Dompna Urraca filia Nunnu Alvarez" donated property, held by "meo tio Munnio Alvarez", and "mater mea domna Maria, filia Gutier Alfonso" donated other property, to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated [1088][7]. His name reinforces the suggestion made above that Álvaro, his father, was the same person as Álvaro Muñoz, in which case Munio was presumably his father´s oldest son. ["Sancio rex...sennor Munnio Alvarez..." subscribed the charter dated 6 Dec 1028 under which "Eximina regina mater Sancii regis" defined the territory of Villarta (following her donation to San Millán de la Cogolla)[8]. It is possible that “Munnio” in this document is an error for “Nunnu”, as Nuño Álvarez subscribed the charter of the same date which records Queen Jimena´s donation of the property (see below).] "...Sennor Munio Albarez..." subscribed the charter dated 1028 under which Sancho III King of Navarre donated "casas...in barrio...de Subpenna...Nageram" to San Millán de la Cogolla[9]. He is not named in the 27 Jun [1030] charter cited below which names his four supposed brothers. "Sancio…rex…cum coniux mea Momadona regina" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1031, confirmed by "…senior Munnio Alvarez…"[10].

b) NUÑO Álvarez (-after 12 Jan 1065). [The following charters suggests that Nuño, and later his brothers, lived at the court of Navarre in the late 1020s until [1030], and again in 1037. "Sancio rex...sennor Nunnu Alvarez..." subscribed the charter dated to [13 Nov 1028] under which "comite Fredelando Pelaioz...cum coniuge mea Gelvira et mater mea donna Gutina cum consensu neptus mei Fernando Fredinandiz" confirmed the donation of the monastery of San Emeterio and San Celedonio de Taranco to San Millán de la Cogolla[11]. "Sancio rex...sennor Nunnu Alvarez..." subscribed the charter dated 6 Dec 1028 under which "Eximina regina mater Sancii regis" donated the churches of Grisaleña and Villarta to San Millán de la Cogolla[12]. "Senior Didaco Alvarez de Asturias" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 8 Dec 1029, confirmed by "filiis meis Alvaro Didaco et Beila Didaco, sennor Fortun Sanchiz, sennor Azenari Sanchiz, sennor Nunno Alvarez"[13]. Nuño, Diego, Fortún and Gonzalo Álvarez confirmed a charter dated 27 Jun [1030] under which Sancho III King of Navarre donated property to San Salvador de Oña[14].] “...Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz” subscribed the charter dated 29 Apr 1032 under which "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated the monastery of San Miguel “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña[15]. ["Roderico Galindiz…cum coniuge mea domna…Sancia" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1037, confirmed by "sennor Furtun Sanchiz, sennor Azenari Sanchiz, sennor Nunnu Alvarez…"[16].] “...Domno Nunno Albariz...Nunno Albariz, Rodrico Albariz...Guntisalbo Albariz, Furtuni Albariz...Didaco Albariz...” witnessed the charter dated 24 May 1038 under which Fernando I King of Castile granted “castellum...Vierbele” to “Garcia Eneconis”[17]. “Nunno Albariz cum conjuge propria Flamula” donated “divisas duas in villa...Kastrello...in alhoze de Lerma” {Castrillo Solarana in the Nebreda valley} to Arlanza by charter dated 10 Oct 1046, witnessed by “...Didaco Albariz, Fortune Albariz, Nunno Albariz...Gundisalvo Albariz...”[18]. As noted below, under the possible first marriage of this Nuñu Álvarez, it is not certain whether he was the donor in this charter or the subscriber. “...Nunu Albariz, Rodrico Uermudiz, Fanni Fanniz, Didaco Albariz, Fortunio Albariz, Ordonio Ordoniz, alio Nunu Albariz” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jul 1047 under which "Salbator Gundissalbiz cum coniuge mea Momadonna" donated “duas villas in villa...Spinosa” to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas[19]. “Nunno Alvariz...cum coniuge mea Goto” donated the monastery of Santa María de Cabia to San Pedro de Cardeña by [spurious] charter dated 2 Jul 1047, subscribed by “...Domno Nunno Alvaroz, Didaco Alvaroz, Gundisalvo Alvaroz...”[20]. “...Domno Nunno Aluariz, alio Munno Aluariz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Oct 1047 under which Fernando I King of Castile confirmed properties to the bishop of León[21]. ["Nunnu Alvariz, Salvator Gundisalviz, Ruderico Bermudiz, Alvaro Ruderiz, Fredinando Ruderiz, Didaco Alvariz, Gundisalvo Alvariz, Didaco Gundisalviz, Lope Fortunionis, Fortuno Alvariz, Roderico Didaz, Gundisalvo Didaz" subscribed the charter dated 15 May 1050 under which “Gomessanus...episcopus...cum nepotes meos Simeoni et Gomessano” donated property to San Pedro de Cardeña[22]. "…Nunnu Alvaroz...Didaco Alvariz...Gundisalvo Alvariz…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[23]. “Nunnu Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Roderico Uermudiz” subscribed the charter dated 9 Dec 1050 under which “Beila Monnioz” donated property “in Ualle de Orbanelia in locum...Cardeniola” to San Pedro de Cardeña[24]. It is not certain whether these charters refers to Nuñu Álvarez, husband of Goto, or to Nuñu Álvarez, husband of María Gutiérrez (see above).] “Nunnu Albaroz...Didaco Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 18 Mar 1056 under which "domna Gotina" donated “abui de meus abus vel de parentes meus quantum quadravit mici inter meus germanus in villa...Penielle” to San Pedro de Cardeña[25]. [“Nunnu Alvaroz" donated “media villa...in alfoce de Burgos” to San Pedro de Cardeña, for the souls of “meæ...et pro anima uxori meæ Teresa”, by charter dated 14 Nov 1058[26]. As noted below, this document could not refer to this Nuño Álvarez unless “Teresa” was an error for “Maria”.] “Nunno Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 19 Jan 1062 under which King Fernando I donated “curte...in Uilla Iriezo qui fuit de illo mannero Citi Ouecoz” to San Pedro de Cardeña[27]. "Cometissa domna Onneca, Gomiz Fredenandiz prolis" donated property “in territorio…Borueva in villa…Ecclesiasindenia” to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 10 Nov 1062, confirmed by “…sennor Nunno Alvarez, sennor Roderico Bermudez, sennor Sarracino Hanniz, sennor Didaco Alvarez, sennor Hanni Hanniz, sennor Ordoni Ordoniz, sennor Fredinando Rodriz, sennor Alvaro Rodriz, sennor Eximino Lopiz, sennor Salvator Gondissalviz, sennor Galindo Belasquiz”[28]. “Nunno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 16 Jul 1064 under which King Fernando I confirmed donations made by “Ziti Memez et uxor tua Gotina” to San Pedro de Cardeña[29]. “Domna Ozicia et filius meus Alvaro Didaz et Didaco Didaz et filias meas Sol et Lumne" sold “quarta in Villa...Castrillo de Gomiz Gotiniz in Alfoce de Burgus” to “Nunnu Albariz et domna Maria” by charter dated 12 Jan 1065[30]. [m firstly (before 10 Oct 1046) FLÁMULA ---, daughter of --- (-after 10 Oct 1046). “Nunno Albariz cum conjuge propria Flamula” donated “divisas duas in villa...Kastrello...in alhoze de Lerma” {Castrillo Solarana in the Nebreda valley} to Arlanza by charter dated 10 Oct 1046, witnessed by “Sancio Fredinandiz, Albaro Nunnez, Gundisalvo Nunnez, Didaco Albariz, Fortune Albariz, Nunno Albariz, Fredinando Fredinandiz, Petro Rodriz, Didaco Gunsalviz, Petro Gonsalviz, Gundisalvo Albariz, Fredinando Roderiz, Albaro Roderiz, Fredinando Gunsalviz...”[31]. It is not certain that the donor was the same person who later married María Gutiérrez, although the chronology appears favorable to this possibility. The difficulty of the second “...Nunno Albariz...” in the subscription list, and especially the apparent presence with him in the list of the other three supposed brothers of that Nuño Álvarez (“...Didaco Albariz, Fortune Albariz, Nunno Albariz...Gundisalvo Albariz...”), complicates the question. Another factor is the presence in the subscription list of “...Fredinando Roderiz, Albaro Roderiz...” who were possibly nephews of another Nuño Álvarez who later married Goto (see above in this chapter, the section dealing with the maternal ancestors of El Cid). Choosing between these two possibilities, it seems more likely that the donor was Nuño Álvarez who later married Goto and that the subscriber was Nuño Álvarez who later married María Gutiérrez, but this is not beyond all doubt.] [This Nuño Álvarez could not have been the same person who married Teresa --- (“Nunnu Alvaroz" donated “media villa...in alfoce de Burgos” to San Pedro de Cardeña, for the souls of “meæ...et pro anima uxori meæ Teresa”, by charter dated 14 Nov 1058[32]). As can be seen below, Nuño´s son Diego (born from his marriage to María Gutiérrez) was old enough in 1075 to sell property with his own two daughters, which is incompatible with Nuño having married much later than 1046. Another possibility is that “Teresa” in the document dated 14 Nov 1058 was an error for “Maria”.] m [secondly] ([after 1046]) MARÍA Gutiérrez, daughter of conde GUTIERRE Alfonso & his wife Godo --- (-after [1088]). [This Nuño Álvarez could not have been the same person who married Teresa --- (“Nunnu Alvaroz" donated “media villa...in alfoce de Burgos” to San Pedro de Cardeña, for the souls of “meæ...et pro anima uxori meæ Teresa”, by charter dated 14 Nov 1058[33]). As can be seen below, Nuño´s son Diego (born from his marriage to María Gutiérrez) was old enough in 1075 to sell property with his own two daughters, which is incompatible with Nuño having married much later than 1046. Another possibility is that “Teresa” in the document dated 14 Nov 1058 was an error for “Maria”.] “Domna Ozicia et filius meus Alvaro Didaz et Didaco Didaz et filias meas Sol et Lumne" sold “quarta in Villa...Castrillo de Gomiz Gotiniz in Alfoce de Burgus” to “Nunnu Albariz et domna Maria” by charter dated 12 Jan 1065[34]. "Maria Gutterriz...cum iermanas meas domna Fronilli et Donellu et domna Tegridia" donated “villa...Petrafitta super ripam fluminis Ceia...in territorio Castro Froila et Siero...fuit...de patre nostro comite Guttier Afonso et matre nostra comitissa domna Goto” to “Uelasco Ueilaz et uxori tue Helisabet vel filii tui Ueila Uelasquiz” by charter dated 20 Feb 1074[35]. "Dompna Urraca filia Nunnu Alvarez" donated property, held by "meo tio Munnio Alvarez", and "mater mea domna Maria, filia Gutier Alfonso" donated other property, to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated [1088][36]. Nuño & his [third] wife had [three] children:

i) DIEGO Núñez (-after 1 Oct 1077). "Didaco Nunez...cum filiis meis Giloira et Dalmacia" sold “hereditate...abemus de abios vel parentorum, nostrorum in territorio Aratoy in loco...Uilla...Famete” to “Aluaro Martiniz et fratri tuo Ihoannes Martiniz” by charter dated 8 May 1075[37]. His parentage is confirmed because land in the same place (although in the other document called “villa...Fateme”) was sold by Tegridia Gutíerrez, his maternal aunt, by charter dated 2 Jan 1074 (see the document ASTURIAS LEÓN NOBILITY). "Didago Nuniz...cum uxore mea Matreuita" sold “ereditate...de avios et parentibus meis in territorio Legionensis iusta fluminis Aratoi in...Uilla Famete illa tertia” to “Nuno Uirmudiz et ad uxor tua Orodulce et ad Gomiz Uirmudiz” by charter dated 1 Oct 1077[38]. m firstly --- (-before 8 May 1075). m secondly --- “Matrevita”, daughter of ---. Diego & his first wife had two children:

(1) ELVIRA Díaz . "Didaco Nunez...cum filiis meis Giloira et Dalmacia" sold “hereditate...abemus de abios vel parentorum, nostrorum in territorio Aratoy in loco...Uilla...Famete” to “Aluaro Martiniz et fratri tuo Ihoannes Martiniz” by charter dated 8 May 1075[39].

(2) DALMACIA Díaz . "Didaco Nunez...cum filiis meis Giloira et Dalmacia" sold “hereditate...abemus de abios vel parentorum, nostrorum in territorio Aratoy in loco...Uilla...Famete” to “Aluaro Martiniz et fratri tuo Ihoannes Martiniz” by charter dated 8 May 1075[40].

ii) [GOTO (-after 11 Apr 1095). Torres suggests that the wife of Gonzalo Núñez [de Lara] was the daughter of María Gutiérrez and granddaughter of Gutierre Alfonso[41]. "Gundissalvo Nunnez…cum uxore mea dompna Goto et mea cognate dompna Urraca et dompna Ariel Nunniz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1087[42]. If “Urraca” in this document can be identified as Urraca Núñez, daughter of Nuño Álvarez, and if “cognata” can be interpreted in its strict sense of sister-in-law, the 1087 charter corroborates Goto´s proposed parentage. "Senior Gonzalvo Nunnez et uxor mea domna Goto, dominantes Lara…cum filiis nostris" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de Cogollo by charter dated 1095[43]. "Gundisalbus Nunniz cum coniuge mea Domna Goto" donated property to Sahagún monastery on "puellam Taresam" entering the monastery of San Pedro de Molinos as a nun by charter dated 11 Apr 1095[44]. m GONZALO Núñez [de Lara], son of NUÑO --- & his wife --- ([1050/55]-after 12 Dec 1105).]

iii) URRACA Núñez (-after 24 Oct 1097). "Dompna Urraca filia Nunnu Alvarez" donated property, held by "meo tio Munnio Alvarez", and "mater mea domna Maria, filia Gutier Alfonso" donated other property, to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated [1088][45]. Sánchez de Mora suggests[46] that she was the Urraca who is named in the charter dated 1087 under which "Gundissalvo Nunnez…cum uxore mea dompna Goto et mea cognata dompna Urraca et dompna Ariel Nunniz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla[47]. “Urraka Nunniz...et...filie eius...Maria et Geluira” donated “habeo et auiis et parentibus meis...in Uilla Ordonio...in Moratinos...in Cisneros...in Fonte Oria...in Fonte Forolo...in Melgar de Abduce...in Gordaliza...in Ueziella...in Uilla Abolezar...in Tellatello...in Uilla Secca...in Uille Dote...in Sancto Martino de Fonte...in Sancta Maria de Piasca” to Sahagún by charter dated 24 Oct 1097[48]. The name of Urraca´s husband has not yet been ascertained. Two children:

(1) MARÍA --- . “Urraka Nunniz...et...filie eius...Maria et Geluira” donated “habeo et auiis et parentibus meis...in Uilla Ordonio...in Moratinos...in Cisneros...in Fonte Oria...in Fonte Forolo...in Melgar de Abduce...in Gordaliza...in Ueziella...in Uilla Abolezar...in Tellatello...in Uilla Secca...in Uille Dote...in Sancto Martino de Fonte...in Sancta Maria de Piasca” to Sahagún by charter dated 24 Oct 1097[49].

(2) ELVIRA --- . “Urraka Nunniz...et...filie eius...Maria et Geluira” donated “habeo et auiis et parentibus meis...in Uilla Ordonio...in Moratinos...in Cisneros...in Fonte Oria...in Fonte Forolo...in Melgar de Abduce...in Gordaliza...in Ueziella...in Uilla Abolezar...in Tellatello...in Uilla Secca...in Uille Dote...in Sancto Martino de Fonte...in Sancta Maria de Piasca” to Sahagún by charter dated 24 Oct 1097[50].

c) [GONZALO Álvarez (-after 18 Mar 1068, maybe after 26 Apr 1085). [Nuño, Diego, Fortún and Gonzalo Álvarez confirmed a charter dated 27 Jun [1030] under which Sancho III King of Navarre donated property to San Salvador de Oña[51].] “...Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz” subscribed the charter dated 29 Apr 1032 under which "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated the monastery of San Miguel “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña[52]. “...Domno Nunno Albariz...Nunno Albariz, Rodrico Albariz...Guntisalbo Albariz, Furtuni Albariz...Didaco Albariz...” witnessed the charter dated 24 May 1038 under which Fernando I King of Castile granted “castellum...Vierbele” to “Garcia Eneconis”[53]. “Nunno Albariz cum conjuge propria Flamula” donated “divisas duas in villa...Kastrello...in alhoze de Lerma” {Castrillo Solarana in the Nebreda valley} to Arlanza by charter dated 10 Oct 1046, witnessed by “...Didaco Albariz, Fortune Albariz, Nunno Albariz...Gundisalvo Albariz...”[54]. “Nunno Alvariz...cum coniuge mea Goto” donated the monastery of Santa María de Cabia to San Pedro de Cardeña by [spurious] charter dated 2 Jul 1047, subscribed by “...Domno Nunno Alvaroz, Didaco Alvaroz, Gundisalvo Alvaroz...”[55]. “...Domno Nunno Aluariz, alio Munno Aluariz...Didaco Aluariz comes, Gunsaluo Aluarez, Fortunio Aluariz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Oct 1047 under which Fernando I King of Castile confirmed properties to the bishop of León[56]. The proximity of names in this subscription list suggests that Diego Álvarez, Gonzalo Álvarez and Fortún Álvarez may have been brothers. “...Fortuni Albariz...Didaco Albariz...Gundissalbo Albariz...” subcribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1047 under which “Nunu Albariz et uxor mea domna Goto” donated the church of Santa María “in riuulo Kabie iuxta terminos de...Burgos” to San Pedro de Cardeña[57]. "Nunnu Alvariz...Didaco Alvariz, Gundisalvo Alvariz...Fortuno Alvariz..." subscribed the charter dated 15 May 1050 under which “Gomessanus...episcopus...cum nepotes meos Simeoni et Gomessano” donated property to San Pedro de Cardeña[58]. "…Nunnu Alvaroz...Didaco Alvariz...Gundisalvo Alvariz…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[59]. “Nunnu Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Roderico Uermudiz” subscribed the charter dated 9 Dec 1050 under which “Beila Monnioz” donated property “in Ualle de Orbanelia in locum...Cardeniola” to San Pedro de Cardeña[60]. "…Fortunio Alvariz...Gundisalvo Alvariz…" subscribed the charter dated 18 Feb 1053 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monasteries of Población and Tamara[61]. “Nunnu Albaroz” donated "media villa...Bonille in alfoze de Uurgos" to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 14 Nov 1058, subscribed by “...Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz...”[62]. “Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jul 1060 under which "Nunu Nuniz" donated property “in Ripilla...in Mutuba de Sancti Cipriani...in Frexino” to San Pedro de Cardeña[63]. “Nunno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 16 Jul 1064 under which King Fernando I confirmed donations made by “Ziti Memez et uxor tua Gotina” to San Pedro de Cardeña[64]. “Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 22 Jun 1065 under which “Munnio Assuriz...cum uxor mea Odisensa” donated “divisa in Quintanilla in alfoze de Ueruesca” to San Pedro de Cardeña[65]. “...Didaco Albariz...Gundissalbo Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 8 Feb 1068 under which King Sancho II donated “tres korrales...que fuerunt de meo populatore Annaia Godsandiz in Gulpeliares” to “Scemeno episcopo”[66]. "Didaco Aluariz...Aluaro Didaz...Gunsaluo Aluariz..." subscribed the charter dated 18 Mar 1068 under which Sancho II King of Castile restored the see of Oca[67]. [“Munnioni comite, Gundissalbo comite, Didaco Gundissalbiz...Gundissalbo Albariz, Albaro Gundissalbiz, Rodrico Diaz” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jun 1079 under which "Maria" donated property “in Aquilare medietatem...monasterio de Sancti Martini...alio monasterio in Aquilare, Sancta Juliana” to San Pedro de Cardeña[68]. “Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Albaro Gundissalbiz” subscribed the charter dated 26 Apr 1085 under which "domna Gontroda" donated property “abui de meis parentes...ecclesie Sancte Marie...in villa...Furones et in uarrio...Ualuerde” to San Pedro de Cardeña[69]. These charters are late to refer to the same Gonzalo Álvarez. However, as noted below, it is possible that Gonzalo´s possible brother Diego was the same person as Diego Álvarez Señor de Oca who, it can be demonstrated, lived to an old age. It is possible therefore that the whole family was long-lived.] [same person as...? GONZALO Álvarez (-after 24 Apr 1079). This co-identity is suggested because of the common name and patronymic and also because of their similar age. However, Zambrana (“Cembrana” in the charter quoted below) is located south-east of Miranda de Ebro, in the present-day Spanish province of Álava. This is east of San Millán de Cogolla, whereas the other locations in connection with which the other Gonzalo Álvarez is named are to its west in the county of Castile, near Burgos. It is possible, therefore, that there were two different persons named Gonzalo Álvarez. This is suggested also because of the apparent connections between Gonzalo Álvarez of Castile/Burgos and a set of [four] brothers, related to the family of Gonzalo Salvadórez, who are shown below. It should also be noted that the names of two of the sons of Gonzalo Álvarez in Zambrana are typically Navarrese (Lope and Jimeno), while Martín is not noted in the supposed family of Gonzalo Álvarez in Castile/Burgos shown in the present document. The hypothesis of at least two (if not three) different persons named Gonzalo Álvarez appears corroborated by the charters which are quoted in the document VIZCAYA.]

d) [FORTÚN Álvarez (-[after 21 Apr 1073]). [Nuño, Diego, Fortún and Gonzalo Álvarez confirmed a charter dated 27 Jun [1030] under which Sancho III King of Navarre donated property to San Salvador de Oña[70].] “...Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz” subscribed the charter dated 29 Apr 1032 under which "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated the monastery of San Miguel “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña[71]. “...Domno Nunno Albariz...Nunno Albariz, Rodrico Albariz...Guntisalbo Albariz, Furtuni Albariz...Didaco Albariz...” witnessed the charter dated 24 May 1038 under which Fernando I King of Castile granted “castellum...Vierbele” to “Garcia Eneconis”[72]. “Nunno Albariz cum conjuge propria Flamula” donated “divisas duas in villa...Kastrello...in alhoze de Lerma” {Castrillo Solarana in the Nebreda valley} to Arlanza by charter dated 10 Oct 1046, witnessed by “...Didaco Albariz, Fortune Albariz, Nunno Albariz...Gundisalvo Albariz...”[73]. “...Nunu Albariz, Rodrico Uermudiz, Fanni Fanniz, Didaco Albariz, Fortunio Albariz, Ordonio Ordoniz, alio Nunu Albariz” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jul 1047 under which "Salbator Gundissalbiz cum coniuge mea Momadonna" donated “duas villas in villa...Spinosa” to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas[74]. “...Domno Nunno Aluariz, alio Munno Aluariz...Didaco Aluariz comes, Gunsaluo Aluarez, Fortunio Aluariz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Oct 1047 under which Fernando I King of Castile confirmed properties to the bishop of León[75]. The proximity of names in this subscription list suggests that Diego Álvarez, Gonzalo Álvarez and Fortún Álvarez may have been brothers. “...Fortuni Albariz...Didaco Albariz...Gundissalbo Albariz...” subcribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1047 under which “Nunu Albariz et uxor mea domna Goto” donated the church of Santa María “in riuulo Kabie iuxta terminos de...Burgos” to San Pedro de Cardeña[76]. “...Fortunio Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 17 Feb 1050 under which King Fernando I confirmed the donation of San Martín de Modúbar to San Pedro de Cardeña[77]. "Nunnu Alvariz...Didaco Alvariz, Gundisalvo Alvariz...Fortuno Alvariz..." subscribed the charter dated 15 May 1050 under which “Gomessanus...episcopus...cum nepotes meos Simeoni et Gomessano” donated property to San Pedro de Cardeña[78]. “Nunnu Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Roderico Uermudiz” subscribed the charter dated 9 Dec 1050 under which “Beila Monnioz” donated property “in Ualle de Orbanelia in locum...Cardeniola” to San Pedro de Cardeña[79]. "…Fortunio Alvariz...Gundisalvo Alvariz…" subscribed the charter dated 18 Feb 1053 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monasteries of Población and Tamara[80]. "...Sennor Furtum Alvarez..." confirmed the charter dated 1062 under which “senior Oriolo Lopez” donated property “in villa...Castanares...et in Mutilluri...et in Quintaniella”[81]. "...Sennor Didaco Alvarez, sennor Gonzalvo Gonzalvez, sennor Nunno Munnioz, sennor Fortun Alvarez..." confirmed the charter dated to [1072] under which “senior Azenari Didaz de El Ciego” donated property in El Ciego to San Millán de la Cogolla[82]. "Senior Didaco Albarez, senior Gondisalbo Gundesalbiz, senior Didaco Gudesteoz, senior Fortun Albarez, senior Munio Telliz..." confirmed the charter dated 21 Apr 1073 under which “Iohannes Gutierez...cum uxore mea...Auria” donated the church of San Salvador de Osmilla to San Millán de la Cogolla[83]. It is uncertain whether these last two charters refer to this Fortún Álvarez or to Fortún Álvarez, son of Álvaro Díaz “Marcelo” Señor en Álava (see the document VIZCAYA). It is assumed that all later documents apply to the latter.]

e) [DIEGO Álvarez ([1010/15]-after Dec 1099). [Nuño, Diego, Fortún and Gonzalo Álvarez confirmed a charter dated 27 Jun [1030] under which Sancho III King of Navarre donated property to San Salvador de Oña[84].] “...Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz” subscribed the charter dated 29 Apr 1032 under which "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated the monastery of San Miguel “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña[85]. “...Domno Nunno Albariz...Nunno Albariz, Rodrico Albariz...Guntisalbo Albariz, Furtuni Albariz...Didaco Albariz...” witnessed the charter dated 24 May 1038 under which Fernando I King of Castile granted “castellum...Vierbele” to “Garcia Eneconis”[86].]

- see below.

Four possible brothers. The order of their names in the various charters quoted below suggest that they may have been the sons of Gonzalo Álvarez, brother of Diego Álvarez, who is shown above. In addition, a close connection between Munio González and the family of Gonzalo Salvadórez can be demonstrated by the charter dated 7 Mar 1103 which is quoted below. This connection is also indicated by the other charters in which members of the two families subscribed together. One possibility is that the wife of Gonzalo Álvarez was the sister of Salvador González, who is shown below in Part F of the present chapter.

1. [DIEGO González (-after 25 May 1085). "...Didaco Gundisalviz..." subscribed the charter dated 15 May 1050 under which “Gomessanus...episcopus...cum nepotes meos Simeoni et Gomessano” donated property to San Pedro de Cardeña[87]. “...Didaco Gundissalbiz...” subscribed the charter dated 8 Feb 1068 under which King Sancho II donated “tres korrales...que fuerunt de meo populatore Annaia Godsandiz in Gulpeliares” to “Scemeno episcopo”[88]. "...Didaco Gundisaluiz, Munio Gundisaluiz..." subscribed the charter dated 18 Mar 1068 under which Sancho II King of Castile restored the see of Oca[89]. “Munio comes, Gundisalvo Salvatoris, Didaco Alvariz, Didaco Gundisalviz..." subscribed the charter dated 26 Mar 1071 under which King Sancho II granted privileges to “Veremundo Sandinez de monasterio Sanctæ Mariæ”[90]. "Comes Munnio Gundissalbiz, comes Gunzalbo Salvatoriz, Diego Albariz, Diego Gundisaluiz, Albaro Gundissalbiz, Albaro Saluatoriz…" subscribed the charter dated 19 Jul 1074 under which "Ruderigo Didaz" accepted as his wife "Scemena filia Didago ducis de terra Asturiense" and granted property "in territorio Kastelle…in Cavia" to her[91]. In this subscription list, it can be demonstrated that Gonzalo Salvadórez and Álvaro Salvadórez were the sons of Salvador González (see Part E below). It is possible that the whole group comprises members of the same family. The common patronymic suggests that Diego González and Álvaro González may have Munio´s younger brothers. Diego Álvarez would have been their paternal uncle if it is correct, as suggested above, that the three possible brothers Diego, Munio and Álvaro González were the sons of Gonzalo Álvarez. If that is correct, it is likely that they were related in the female line to Salvador González. “Munnioni comite, Gundissalbo comite, Didaco Gundissalbiz...Gundissalbo Albariz, Albaro Gundissalbiz, Rodrico Diaz” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jun 1079 under which "Maria" donated property “in Aquilare medietatem...monasterio de Sancti Martini...alio monasterio in Aquilare, Sancta Juliana” to San Pedro de Cardeña[92]. Conde. "...Didagon Gonsaluiz commes, Albar Gonzaluiz commes..." confirmed the charter dated 8 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI decreed that no representative of the king could enter Sahagún[93]. This is the only document so far identified which accords the comital title to Diego González. "...Didaco Gundisalbiz...Albarus Gunsalbiz..." confirmed the charter dated 14 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI granted freedoms and exemptions to Sahagún[94]. “De aula regie:...Didacus Gunçaluiz...Didacus Gunçaluiz...” confirmed the charter dated 25 Nov 1085 under which King Alfonso VI granted fueros to the populators of Sahagún[95].]

2. [MUNIO González (-after 1082). [Sánchez de Mora suggests that the co-identity between Munio González, brother of Salvador González, and Munio González who is named between 1068 and 1082 is possible[96]. A connection between Munio González (died after 1082) and the Salvadórez family is suggested by the charter dated 7 Mar 1103 under which [his son] “Roderico Monioz et uxor mea Tarasia” exchanged “hereditates...in villa Orennia...extra illa tertia parte que es del comite Gomez Guntesalvez” with Santillana del Mar[97], which indicates that the property in question was jointly owned with Conde Gómez González who would then have been Munio´s nephew. This document deals with jointly owned property, and if Sánchez de Mora is correct, Conde Gómez González who would have been Munio´s nephew. However, the hypothesis presents difficulties. Firstly, the apparent silence in the sources relating to the same person between [1030] and 1068 is difficult to explain. Secondly, the chronology of the descendants of Munio González (died after 1082) would more reasonably place them in the generation which followed Conde Gómez González, rather than as his first cousins. Thirdly, Munio González (died after 1082) had three possible brothers (as shown in the present section), who would be difficult to place as brothers of Salvador González.] "...Didaco Gundisaluiz, Munio Gundisaluiz..." subscribed the charter dated 18 Mar 1068 under which Sancho II King of Castile restored the see of Oca[98]. Conde: “Munio comes, Gundisalvo Salvatoris, Didaco Alvariz, Didaco Gundisalviz..." subscribed the charter dated 26 Mar 1071 under which King Sancho II granted privileges to “Veremundo Sandinez de monasterio Sanctæ Mariæ”[99]. “...Munnio Gunsaluiz comes...” confirmed the charter dated 7 Aug 1073 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile granted "racione in villa...Uilla Uellaco, territorio Graliare, discurrente flumine Aratoi" to “Uelasco Uelaz et uxori tue Helisabet”[100]. The dating clause of the charter dated 25 Jun 1074, under which “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira...” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera, records “Rege Aldefonso in Legione et comites Gundisalvo Salvadorez et Munno Guntsalvez in Castella”[101]. "Comes Munnio Gundissalbiz, comes Gunzalbo Salvatoriz, Diego Albariz, Diego Gundisaluiz, Albaro Saluatoriz…" subscribed the charter dated 19 Jul 1074 under which "Ruderigo Didaz" accepted as his wife "Scemena filia Didago ducis de terra Asturiense" and granted property "in territorio Kastelle…in Cavia" to her[102]. “Munnioni comite, Gundissalbo comite, Didaco Gundissalbiz...Gundissalbo Albariz, Albaro Gundissalbiz, Rodrico Diaz” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jun 1079 under which "Maria" donated property “in Aquilare medietatem...monasterio de Sancti Martini...alio monasterio in Aquilare, Sancta Juliana” to San Pedro de Cardeña[103]. "...Monnio Gunsaluiz comes..." confirmed the charter dated 14 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI granted freedoms and exemptions to Sahagún[104]. “Munnius Gundisalviz comes...” confirmed the charter dated 23 May 1080 under which “Comitissa Gunterodo...cum filia mea comitissa Maior Froilaz et filiis suis neptis meis Froila Didaz et Antoninus Didaz” donated “monasterio...in Asturias in valle de Orna...Sancti Antonini” to Oviedo[105]. "Semena Monios…cum sobrinos meis Sancia Roiz et Major Roiz et cum filiis comitis Fernandi et comitiesse domine Enderquine" donated "monasterium Sancte Crucis de Castanneda" to Cluny by charter dated 20 Sep 1120 made "pro animabus comitis Monionis et uxoris sue comitisse domine Maioris et…comitis Rodrici et…fratrum nostrorum et sororum nostrarum"[106]. It is probable that "comitis Monionis et uxoris sue comitisse domine Maioris" named in this document were the parents of the donor, but this is not specified. Conde Munio, governing “in Uiesgo et Asturias atque Mena”, donated the monastery of San Julián de Ovilla and other churches to Salvador de Oña by charter dated 1082[107].] m MAYOR, daughter of ---. "Semena Monios…cum sobrinos meis Sancia Roiz et Major Roiz et cum filiis comitis Fernandi et comitiesse domine Enderquine" donated "monasterium Sancte Crucis de Castanneda" to Cluny by charter dated 20 Sep 1120 made "pro animabus comitis Monionis et uxoris sue comitisse domine Maioris et…comitis Rodrici et…fratrum nostrorum et sororum nostrarum"[108]. It is probable that "comitis Monionis et uxoris sue comitisse domine Maioris" named in this document were the parents of the donor, but this is not specified. Munio & his wife had [six] children:

a) [MARTÍN Muñoz (-after 14 May 1107). "…Martinus Moninz filius comitis…" subscribed the charter dated 14 May 1107 under which "Adefonsus…Toletani imperii rex…cum…uxore mea Helisabet regina" approved the mint of Santiago de Compostela[109]. His precise parentage is not known, but no other suitable "Conde Munio" has been found, who could have been his father besides Munio who was the husband of Mayor, named in the 20 Sep 1120 charter referred to above.]

b) RODRIGO Muñoz (-[May 1112/20 May 1120). [“Los hermanos Rodrigo y Jimena” donated property to Santa María del Puerto by charter dated 22 Jun 1085[110].] “Rodrigo Muñoz, Gutierre Muñoz” confirmed a charter dated 21 Jul 1090, and a charter dated 1084 refers to property “iusta limites de filios de comite Monio Gonzalbiz”[111]. “Roderico Monioz et uxor mea Tarasia” exchanged “hereditates...in villa Orennia...extra illa tertia parte que es del comite Gomez Guntesalvez” with Santillana del Mar in return for “terras in territorio de valle Toranzo in villa...Igras” by charter dated 7 Mar 1103, the dating clause of which records “...ego Roderico Monioz et Vermudo Rodriz et Monio Rodriz imperante Camesa”[112]. Conde. "…Rudericus Moninz comes…" subscribed the charter dated 14 May 1107 under which "Adefonsus…Toletani imperii rex…cum…uxore mea Helisabet regina" approved the mint of Santiago de Compostela[113]. Conde de Asturias: Queen Urraca donated property to León Santa María by charter dated 22 Jul 1109, subscribed by "Petrus Ansuriz Carrionensium comes, Gumez Gunzaluiz Castellanorum comes, Rudericus Munioni Asturensium comes, Froila Didaci Legionensium comes, Petrus Froilaz Gallecie comes, Suarius Ueremudiz consul Gallecie, Aluarus Fanniz Toletule dux, Munio Guterriz maiordomus palacii, Petrus Gunzaluiz armiger regis, Fernandus Gunzaluiz, Adefonsus Telliz, Tellus Telliz, Fernandus Telliz"[114]. "Urraca…tocius Ispanie regina" confirmed rights of the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated Aug 1110, confirmed by "…Rudericus Munioz comes de Asturias…"[115]. “...Rodrico Monniz comes Castelle..." confirmed the charter dated 15 Dec 1110 which lists the properties and vines of Sahagún monastery[116]. "…Comes Rodericus eo tempore in Castella…" subscribed the charter dated May 1112 under which Queen Urraca granted property to "comiti dno Petro Froyalz et uxori uestre comitisse dne Maiori Roderici de Rarzena"[117]. m TERESA ---, daughter of --- (-after 7 Mar 1103). “Roderico Monioz et uxor mea Tarasia” exchanged “hereditates...in villa Orennia...extra illa tertia parte que es del comite Gomez Guntesalvez” with Santillana del Mar in return for “terras in territorio de valle Toranzo in villa...Igras” by charter dated 7 Mar 1103[118]. Rodrigo & his wife had [four] children:

i) [VERMUDO Rodríguez (-after 7 Mar 1103). “...Uermudo Roderiz, Monnio Rodriz...” confirmed the charter dated 7 Sep 1090 which records a dispute between Sahagún and “comite domno Petro et comite domno Martino” concerning “medietate de villa...Fonticellas”[119]. “Roderico Monioz et uxor mea Tarasia” exchanged “hereditates...in villa Orennia...extra illa tertia parte que es del comite Gomez Guntesalvez” with Santillana del Mar in return for “terras in territorio de valle Toranzo in villa...Igras” by charter dated 7 Mar 1103, the dating clause of which records “...ego Roderico Monioz et Vermudo Rodriz et Monio Rodriz imperante Camesa”[120]. The linking of the names in the dating clause suggest a close family relationship: maybe Vermudo and Munio were the sons of Rodrigo Muñoz, although if that is correct they presumably predeceased their father as no further mention of them has been found.]

ii) [MUNIO Rodríguez (-after 7 Mar 1103). “...Uermudo Roderiz, Monnio Rodriz...” confirmed the charter dated 7 Sep 1090 which records a dispute between Sahagún and “comite domno Petro et comite domno Martino” concerning “medietate de villa...Fonticellas”[121]. “Roderico Monioz et uxor mea Tarasia” exchanged “hereditates...in villa Orennia...extra illa tertia parte que es del comite Gomez Guntesalvez” with Santillana del Mar in return for “terras in territorio de valle Toranzo in villa...Igras” by charter dated 7 Mar 1103, the dating clause of which records “...ego Roderico Monioz et Vermudo Rodriz et Monio Rodriz imperante Camesa”[122]. The linking of the names in the dating clause suggest a close family relationship: maybe Vermudo and Munio were the sons of Rodrigo Muñoz, although if that is correct they presumably predeceased their father as no further mention of them has been found.]

iii) SANCHA Rodríguez (-after 3 Feb 1137). "Semena Monios…cum sobrinos meis Sancia Roiz et Major Roiz et cum filiis comitis Fernandi et comitiesse domine Enderquine" donated "monasterium Sancte Crucis de Castanneda" to Cluny by charter dated 20 Sep 1120 made "pro animabus comitis Monionis et uxoris sue comitisse domine Maioris et…comitis Rodrici et…fratrum nostrorum et sororum nostrarum"[123]. “Comes Rodericus Gonzalvez et...Sancia comitissa Roderici comitis Asturiensis filia” donated property “in villa... Ecclesia Ruina” to Segovia Cathedral by charter dated 3 Feb 1137[124]. As Rodrigo Muñoz is referred to consistently as Conde de Asturias (see above), it is likely that the second donor was his daughter. Her title indicates that she was married to a conde, but her husband has not yet been identified. The connection between Sancha Rodríguez and Rodrigo González (presumably identified as Conde Rodrigo González de Lara) has not been ascertained, although they were presumably closely related as joint of holders of the property which was donated under this 3 Feb 1137 charter. [“Dona Sancia, filia del comte Don Rodrigo de Busto” donated annual payments and “In fine suam mulam et suo manto” to the Templars, by undated charter (recorded in a manuscript dated to [1157/60])[125]. As the possible maternal aunt of Sancha Rodríguez, Urraca Muñoz, was recorded with property “in villa…Busto” (see below), it is possible that the donor to the Templars was the daughter of Conde Rodrigo Muñoz.] m ---. Conde.

iv) MAYOR Rodríguez [Guntroda] (-after 6 Jan 1129). The Historia Compostelana names “Petrus Froylaz comes…comitissa Dña Mayor uxor…Munina Froylaz soror…Visclavara Froylaz…soror”[126]. "Petrus […Froilaz] et comes et cometessa Gunterede Ruderiquiz" donated "Nemenio" to the monastery of Santo Tomé de Nemeño by charter dated 6 May 1105[127]. Queen Urraca granted property to "comiti dno Petro Froyalz et uxori uestre comitisse dne Maiori Roderici de Rarzena" by charter dated May 1112[128]. "Semena Monios…cum sobrinos meis Sancia Roiz et Major Roiz et cum filiis comitis Fernandi et comitiesse domine Enderquine" donated "monasterium Sancte Crucis de Castanneda" to Cluny by charter dated 20 Sep 1120 made "pro animabus comitis Monionis et uxoris sue comitisse domine Maioris et…comitis Rodrici et…fratrum nostrorum et sororum nostrarum"[129]. "…Comitissa domna Maior, comitissa domna Lupa, Munia Froilaz, Uisclauara Froilaz" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jul 1122 under which "[Uere]mundus Petri" granted arras to "uxori mee infanti domne Orrache filie comitis domni Anrrich et regine domne Tarasie"[130]. “Maior Ruderici comitissa, comitis Ruderici et comitisse Tharasie filie" donated “medietatem monasterii Sancte Marie de Feleta...in Cholcantes...et in Adecia meam portionem...in...ecclesia Sancti Christofori in Chazaron, meam portionem...in ecclesia de Montecello...hereditatem in villa...Ueyga” to Sahagún by charter dated 26 Mar 1125[131]. "Maior Roderici…cum filiis et filiabus meis Roderico Petriz, Velasco Petriz, Garsia Petriz, Tota Petriz, Urraca Petriz, Sancia Petriz, Gelvira Petriz, Alduara Petriz" donated property in Valdunquillo to Sahagún monastery, for the soul of "mariti mei comitis domni Petri de Gallecia", by charter dated 1125[132]. “Comitissa Maior Roderici" donated “hereditatem...Ualle Iunquello” to Sahagún, for the soul of “mariti mei comitis Petri de Gallecia”, by charter dated 3 May 1126[133]. m (before 6 May 1105) as his second wife, PEDRO Froílaz de Traba, son of FRUELA Vermúdez & his wife Elvira de Faro (-before 3 May 1126, bur Santiago de Compostela).

c) GUTIERRE Muñoz (-after 21 Jul 1090). “Rodrigo Muñoz, Gutierre Muñoz” confirmed a charter dated 21 Jul 1090, and a charter dated 1084 refers to property “iusta limites de filios de comite Monio Gonzalbiz”[134].

d) ENDERQUINA Muñoz . “...Fredenandus comes in Asturias et eius uxor Inderquina...” confirmed the charter dated 20 Feb 1097 under which “Mummadonna cognomento Maior Gunsalviz” donated the monastery of San Pedro de Teverga to Oviedo[135]. Her husband granted her the monastery of Santa María in Oviedo as arras by charter dated 17 Apr 1097, her father being named in the document, which also names her brother-in-law Rodrigo Díaz and her sister-in-law Mayor Díaz together with the latter's husband Golmaro Ioannes[136]. This couple's children are referred to, but not named, in the charter dated 20 Sep 1120 under which "Semena Monios…cum sobrinos meis Sancia Roiz et Major Roiz et cum filiis comitis Fernandi et comitiesse domine Enderquine" donated "monasterium Sancte Crucis de Castanneda" to Cluny made "pro animabus comitis Monionis et uxoris sue comitisse domine Maioris et…comitis Rodrici et…fratrum nostrorum et sororum nostrarum"[137]. m ([1089/31 Jul 1096]) as his second wife, FERNANDO Díaz conde de Asturias, son of DIEGO Fernández & his second wife Cristina Fernández (-[killed in battle Uclés May 1108]).

e) JIMENA Muñoz (-after 20 Sep 1120). [“Los hermanos Rodrigo y Jimena” donated property to Santa María del Puerto by charter dated 22 Jun 1085[138].] "Semena Monios…cum sobrinos meis Sancia Roiz et Major Roiz et cum filiis comitis Fernandi et comitiesse domine Enderquine" donated "monasterium tenebamus jure hereditario Sancte Crucis consecratum […de Castanneda], et in Castanneda, juxta ripam fluminis quod vocatur Pisuenna" {Santa Cruz de Castañeda} to Cluny by charter dated 20 Sep 1120 made "pro animabus comitis Monionis et uxoris sue comitisse domine Maioris et…comitis Rodrici et…fratrum nostrorum et sororum nostrarum", confirmed by "Comes Petrus Eldara, Rodricus Gonsalvis de Asturiis, Gonsalvus Pelais, Comes Suarius, Alfonso Fannis, Gonsalvo Gonsalvis, Petro Roiz, Gutiere Roiz, Monio Dias, Martin Alfonso, Fernando Alvares"[139].

f) [URRACA Muñoz (-before 1130). "Comite Gomez Gonzaluez et uxor mea Urraca cometissa" donated the church of San Miguel "in villa…Busto que fuit de fratre meo Fredinando" to "Michaeli Didaz" by charter dated 6 May 1107, witnessed by "senior Lop Sangyez de Ripa Ota…Gonzaluo Didaz que tenet Petralata…"[140]. Barton cites a charter dated 17 Jun 1126 in which her son Rodrigo Gómez names his mother Urraca Muñoz[141]. It is not certain that Urraca can be the daughter of Muño González as neither she nor her children are named in the 20 Sep 1120 charter of her supposed sister Jimena Muñoz, which appears to refer to all the donor´s relatives with whom she held an interest in the monastery of Santa Cruz de Castañeda. Torres records her second marriage[142]. m firstly GÓMEZ González, son of conde GONZALO Salvadórez & his wife Sancha Gómez (-killed in battle Candespina 26 Oct 1111, bur San Salvador de Oña). m secondly as his first wife, BELTRÁN de Risnel, son of --- (-1138).]

3. [ÁLVARO González (-after 26 Apr 1085). "Comes Munnio Gundissalbiz, comes Gunzalbo Salvatoriz, Diego Albariz, Diego Gundisaluiz, Albaro Gundissalbiz, Albaro Saluatoriz…" subscribed the charter dated 19 Jul 1074 under which "Ruderigo Didaz" accepted as his wife "Scemena filia Didago ducis de terra Asturiense" and granted property "in territorio Kastelle…in Cavia" to her[143]. In this subscription list, it can be demonstrated that Gonzalo Salvadórez and Álvaro Salvadórez were the sons of Salvador González (see Part E below). It is possible that the whole group comprises members of the same family. The common patronymic suggests that Diego González and Álvaro González may have Munio´s younger brothers. Diego Álvarez would have been their paternal uncle if it is correct, as suggested above, that the three possible brothers Diego, Munio and Álvaro González were the sons of Gonzalo Álvarez. If that is correct, it is likely that they were related in the female line to Salvador González. “Munnioni comite, Gundissalbo comite, Didaco Gundissalbiz...Gundissalbo Albariz, Albaro Gundissalbiz, Rodrico Diaz” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jun 1079 under which "Maria" donated property “in Aquilare medietatem...monasterio de Sancti Martini...alio monasterio in Aquilare, Sancta Juliana” to San Pedro de Cardeña[144]. Conde. "...Didagon Gonsaluiz commes, Albar Gonzaluiz commes..." confirmed the charter dated 8 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI decreed that no representative of the king could enter Sahagún[145]. This is the only document so far identified which accords the comital title to Álvaro González. "...Didaco Gundisalbiz...Albarus Gunsalbiz..." confirmed the charter dated 14 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI granted freedoms and exemptions to Sahagún[146]. “Didaco Albariz, Albar Didaz, Albar Gontisalbiz, Roderico Guntisalbiz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Nov 1084 under which "Petru Fernandez" donated “divisa in villa...Rio Kauato...que fuit de germano meo Garcia Fernandez” to San Pedro de Cardeña[147]. “Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Albaro Gundissalbiz” subscribed the charter dated 26 Apr 1085 under which "domna Gontroda" donated property “abui de meis parentes...ecclesie Sancte Marie...in villa...Furones et in uarrio...Ualuerde” to San Pedro de Cardeña[148].] same person as…? ÁLVARO González (-before 1091). m MARÍA Peláez, daughter of PEDRO Fróilaz & his wife Aldonza Ordóñez (-1100 or after). “Maria Pelaiz” chose her burial at Arlanza and donated property “in Torre de Agomar...fuit de meo senior Alvaro Gundesalviz” by charter dated 1091[149]. Her husband refers to her and her parents in a document of the Cathedral of Oviedo[150]. She made donations to the Cathedral of Oviedo up to 1100[151].

4. [RODRIGO González (-after 1 Nov 1084). “Didaco Albariz, Albar Didaz, Albar Gontisalbiz, Roderico Guntisalbiz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Nov 1084 under which "Petru Fernandez" donated “divisa in villa...Rio Kauato...que fuit de germano meo Garcia Fernandez” to San Pedro de Cardeña[152]. This is the only document so far identified which connects Rodrigo González to the other three possible brothers who are named above.]

DIEGO Álvarez, son of ÁLVARO --- & his wife --- ([1010/15]-after Dec 1099). [Nuño, Diego, Fortún and Gonzalo Álvarez confirmed a charter dated 27 Jun [1030] under which Sancho III King of Navarre donated property to San Salvador de Oña[153].] “...Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz” subscribed the charter dated 29 Apr 1032 under which "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated the monastery of San Miguel “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña[154]. “...Domno Nunno Albariz...Nunno Albariz, Rodrico Albariz...Guntisalbo Albariz, Furtuni Albariz...Didaco Albariz...” witnessed the charter dated 24 May 1038 under which Fernando I King of Castile granted “castellum...Vierbele” to “Garcia Eneconis”[155]. “Didaco Albariz et uxor mea Tota” donated “monasterio Sancti Salvatoris...in villa...Sancti Mametis” {near Burgos} to Arlanza by charter dated 30 Sep 1042, witnessed by “Sancius Fredinandiz, Nunno Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Gundisalvo Albariz...”[156]. “Didaco Albariz et uxor mea Tota” donated “monasterium...in ribulo de Ormaza…Sancte Marie” to Arlanza by charter dated 30 Sep 1042[157]. “Nunno Albariz cum conjuge propria Flamula” donated “divisas duas in villa...Kastrello...in alhoze de Lerma” {Castrillo Solarana in the Nebreda valley} to Arlanza by charter dated 10 Oct 1046, witnessed by “...Didaco Albariz, Fortune Albariz, Nunno Albariz...Gundisalvo Albariz...”[158]. “...Nunu Albariz, Rodrico Uermudiz, Fanni Fanniz, Didaco Albariz, Fortunio Albariz, Ordonio Ordoniz, alio Nunu Albariz” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jul 1047 under which "Salbator Gundissalbiz cum coniuge mea Momadonna" donated “duas villas in villa...Spinosa” to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas[159]. “Nunno Alvariz...cum coniuge mea Goto” donated the monastery of Santa María de Cabia to San Pedro de Cardeña by [spurious] charter dated 2 Jul 1047, subscribed by “...Domno Nunno Alvaroz, Didaco Alvaroz, Gundisalvo Alvaroz...”[160]. [Conde: “...Domno Nunno Aluariz, alio Munno Aluariz...Didaco Aluariz comes, Gunsaluo Aluarez, Fortunio Aluariz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Oct 1047 under which Fernando I King of Castile confirmed properties to the bishop of León[161]. It is not certain that this document is correct in according the comital title to Diego Álvarez. The only other source so far identified which names him as conde is the charter dated 8 May 1080 quoted below.] “...Fortuni Albariz...Didaco Albariz...Gundissalbo Albariz...” subcribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1047 under which “Nunu Albariz et uxor mea domna Goto” donated the church of Santa María “in riuulo Kabie iuxta terminos de...Burgos” to San Pedro de Cardeña[162]. "Nunnu Alvariz...Didaco Alvariz, Gundisalvo Alvariz...Fortuno Alvariz..." subscribed the charter dated 15 May 1050 under which “Gomessanus...episcopus...cum nepotes meos Simeoni et Gomessano” donated property to San Pedro de Cardeña[163]. "…Nunnu Alvaroz...Didaco Alvariz...Gundisalvo Alvariz…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[164]. “Nunnu Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Roderico Uermudiz” subscribed the charter dated 9 Dec 1050 under which “Beila Monnioz” donated property “in Ualle de Orbanelia in locum...Cardeniola” to San Pedro de Cardeña[165]. “Nunnu Albaroz...Didaco Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 18 Mar 1056 under which "domna Gotina" donated “abui de meus abus vel de parentes meus quantum quadravit mici inter meus germanus in villa...Penielle” to San Pedro de Cardeña[166]. “Nunnu Albaroz” donated "media villa...Bonille in alfoze de Uurgos" to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 14 Nov 1058, subscribed by “...Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz...”[167]. “Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jul 1060 under which "Nunu Nuniz" donated property “in Ripilla...in Mutuba de Sancti Cipriani...in Frexino” to San Pedro de Cardeña[168]. "Cometissa domna Onneca, Gomiz Fredenandiz prolis" donated property “in territorio…Borueva in villa…Ecclesiasindenia” to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 10 Nov 1062, confirmed by “…sennor Nunno Alvarez, sennor Roderico Bermudez, sennor Sarracino Hanniz, sennor Didaco Alvarez, sennor Hanni Hanniz, sennor Ordoni Ordoniz, sennor Fredinando Rodriz, sennor Alvaro Rodriz, sennor Eximino Lopiz, sennor Salvator Gondissalviz, sennor Galindo Belasquiz”[169]. “Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 22 Jun 1065 under which “Munnio Assuriz...cum uxor mea Odisensa” donated “divisa in Quintanilla in alfoze de Ueruesca” to San Pedro de Cardeña[170]. “...Didaco Albariz...Gundissalbo Albariz...” subscribed the charter dated 8 Feb 1068 under which King Sancho II donated “tres korrales...que fuerunt de meo populatore Annaia Godsandiz in Gulpeliares” to “Scemeno episcopo”[171]. Señor de Oca. [Martín Duque proceeds under the assumption that Diego Álvarez Señor de Oca was the same person as Diego Álvarez, son of “don Marcelo” Señor de Marañón and later Señor de Álava in Navarre (see NAVARRE NOBILITY)[172]. However, this is impossible from a chronological point of view. Diego son of Marcelo is recorded in primary sources as the son of Marcelo´s known wife Andregoto. Andregoto´s death is dated to [1108], which means that she is unlikely to have been born before [1020/30] at the earliest. However, one of the señor de Oca´s great-granddaughters is unlikely to have been born much later than [1088] (see below), which places Diego Álvarez´s birth in the fairly narrow time-frame of [1015/25] (bearing in mind that he was recorded as still alive in late 1099). This clearly means that Andregoto could not have been his mother.] "Didaco Aluariz...Aluaro Didaz...Gunsaluo Aluariz..." subscribed the charter dated 18 Mar 1068 under which Sancho II King of Castile restored the see of Oca[173]. “Munio comes, Gundisalvo Salvatoris, Didaco Alvariz, Didaco Gundisalviz..." subscribed the charter dated 26 Mar 1071 under which King Sancho II granted privileges to “Veremundo Sandinez de monasterio Sanctæ Mariæ”[174]. "...Sennor Didaco Alvarez, sennor Gonzalvo Gonzalvez, sennor Nunno Munnioz, sennor Fortun Alvarez..." confirmed the charter dated to [1072] under which “senior Azenari Didaz de El Ciego” donated property in El Ciego to San Millán de la Cogolla[175]. "Senior Didaco Albarez, senior Gondisalbo Gundesalbiz, senior Didaco Gudesteoz, senior Fortun Albarez, senior Munio Telliz..." confirmed the charter dated 21 Apr 1073 under which “Iohannes Gutierez...cum uxore mea...Auria” donated the church of San Salvador de Osmilla to San Millán de la Cogolla[176]. "Comes Munnio Gundissalbiz, comes Gunzalbo Salvatoriz, Diego Albariz, Diego Gundisaluiz, Albaro Gundissalbiz, Albaro Saluatoriz…" subscribed the charter dated 19 Jul 1074 under which "Ruderigo Didaz" accepted as his wife "Scemena filia Didago ducis de terra Asturiense" and granted property "in territorio Kastelle…in Cavia" to her[177]. "Senior Fortun Albaroz…cum uxore mea domna Tota" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 26 Aug 1078, confirmed by "senior Didaco Albaroz…senior Albaro Didaz…"[178]. "...Didago Albariz commes..." confirmed the charter dated 8 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI decreed that no representative of the king could enter Sahagún[179]. "...Senior Didaco Albarez..." confirmed the charter dated 14 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI granted freedoms and exemptions to Sahagún[180]. “…Senior Didaco Albaroz…” subscribed the charter dated 18 Apr 1081 under which “Ranimirus filius Garsie regis et Stefanie regina” donated property to Santa María de Nájera[181]. “Didaco Albariz, Albar Didaz, Albar Gontisalbiz, Roderico Guntisalbiz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Nov 1084 under which "Petru Fernandez" donated “divisa in villa...Rio Kauato...que fuit de germano meo Garcia Fernandez” to San Pedro de Cardeña[182]. "Senior Didaco Orioliz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 11 Nov 1084, confirmed by "…sennor Didaco Alvarez dominantur Auca, sennor Alvaro Didaz dominantur Granione…"[183]. "Domna Iuliana" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1085, confirmed by "…sennor Didaco Alvarez, filio eius sennor Alvaro Didaz…"[184]. “Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Albaro Gundissalbiz” subscribed the charter dated 26 Apr 1085 under which "domna Gontroda" donated property “abui de meis parentes...ecclesie Sancte Marie...in villa...Furones et in uarrio...Ualuerde” to San Pedro de Cardeña[185]. "Adefonsus…Ispanie imperator" permitted the abbey of Silos to establish outposts near the abbey, with the consent of "uxoris mee Berte regine", by charter dated 20 Jan [1096/98], confirmed by "…Didago Albariz…"[186]. "Petrus Sangiz…Aragonensium et Pampilonensium rex" granted property "villa de Arguiñáriz" to "Senior Didaco Albarez" by charter dated Dec 1099[187].

m TOTA, daughter of --- (-after 30 Sep 1042). “Didaco Albariz et uxor mea Tota” donated “monasterio Sancti Salvatoris...in villa...Sancti Mametis” {near Burgos} to Arlanza by charter dated 30 Sep 1042, witnessed by “Sancius Fredinandiz, Nunno Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Gundisalvo Albariz...”[188]. “Didaco Albariz et uxor mea Tota” donated “monasterium...in ribulo de Ormaza…Sancte Marie” to Arlanza by charter dated 30 Sep 1042[189].

Diego & his wife had [six] children:

1. ÁLVARO Díaz ([1040/45]-[27 Dec 1107/1108]). "Aldefonsus totus Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1077, witnessed by "…senior Alvaro Didaz, Garsia Alvarez suus filius…"[190]. His birth date range is estimated from the likely birth date range of his son García, but bearing in mind that his father is recorded still alive in late 1099.

- see below.

2. [ELVIRA (-[before 1070]). Sánchez de Mora states that Gonzalo Salvadórez married “Elvira, hija de Diego Álvarez” without citing a relevant source which confirms that this is correct[191]. He refers to the charter dated 25 Jun 1074 under which “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira id sunt: dona Godo et dona Tota et dona Moma et Duenna et Garsea et Gudesteus...Ego dona Ticlo et filiis meis vel supradictis nepotis meis” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera[192]. However, “Doña Ticlo” in this document appears to be the same person as "mi tia doña Tido" named by Gonzalo Salvadórez in an undated charter for San Martín de Escalada and who was presumably his maternal aunt, sister of his mother Mumnadomna[193]. This suggestion appears to be confirmed by Tecla referring to Gonzalo´s children as “nepotis meis” in the charter dated 25 Jun 1074, on the assumption that the term should be translated as nephews (or more precisely great-nephews) and not grandchildren in that document. While the charter confirms that Gonzalo´s first wife was named Elvira, it does not confirm that her patronymic was Díaz. Sánchez de Mora also cites a charter dated 1076 for San Millán de la Cogolla under which “sennior Enneco Lopez...Vizcahie comes” donated “villam...Camprovin”, for the soul of “uxoris mee domne Tote”, confirmed by “...comes Gondissalvus, senior Didaco Alvarez...”[194]. The donor´s wife is identified as the daughter of Diego Álvarez and Sánchez de Mora says that she was the sister of Elvira. The subscription by both Conde Gonzalo [Salvadórez] and Diego Álvarez is certainly indicative that he may be correct, but it does not amount to proof of the connection. Until another source emerges, Elvira is shown in the present document in square brackets only as a possible daughter of Diego Álvarez. m as his first wife, GONZALO Salvadórez, son of SALVADOR González & his wife Muniadomna --- (-killed in battle Rueda 6 Jan [1086]).]

3. [GONZALO Díaz (-after 8 Jul 1074). ["…Gonçalo Diaz, Nuño Diaz, Anderquina Diaz, Alvar Diaz, Tido Diaz…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[195]. It is likely that the five subscribers with the patronymic "Díaz" were the siblings of Gonzalo Salvadórez´s first wife. It is not known whether they were all children of the same Diego Álvarez who is named above.] Alférez of Alfonso VI King of León 17 Nov 1072 to 10 Nov 1073. “...Gundisaluo Diaz armiger regis...” confirmed the charter dated 7 Aug 1073 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile granted "racione in villa...Uilla Uellaco, territorio Graliare, discurrente flumine Aratoi" to “Uelasco Uelaz et uxori tue Helisabet”[196].]

4. [NUÑO Díaz . "…Gonçalo Diaz, Nuño Diaz, Anderquina Diaz, Alvar Diaz, Tido Diaz…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[197]. It is likely that the five subscribers with the patronymic "Díaz" were the siblings of Gonzalo Salvadórez´s first wife. It is not known whether they were all children of the same Diego Álvarez who is named above.]

5. [ANDERQUINA Díaz . "…Gonçalo Diaz, Nuño Diaz, Anderquina Diaz, Alvar Diaz, Tido Diaz…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[198]. It is likely that the five subscribers with the patronymic "Díaz" were the siblings of Gonzalo Salvadórez´s first wife. It is not known whether they were all children of the same Diego Álvarez who is named above.]

6. [TECLA Díaz ([1060 or before]-after 1104). Tecla Díaz, wife of Lope Iñíguez, was the daughter of a Diego Álvarez, as shown by the charter dated 14 Mar 1079 under which "domna Ticlo, filia de senior Didado Alvarez" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, with the consent of "domno meo comite Lope Ennecones", confirmed by "comite Gundissalvo, sennor Didaco Alvarez pater meus, Martinus Sanchiz…"[199]. Two possible individuals named Diego Álvarez have been identified who could have been her father, firstly Diego Álvarez señor de Oca, secondly Diego Álvarez son of Marcelo (see the document NAVARRE NOBILITY). At first sight, the chronology seems to favour the first possibility. However, the second case (which is assumed to be correct by Fortún Pérez de Ciriza[200]) is not impossible on the basis of the facts which are currently known. The validity of this second case depends on confirming the approximate dates of birth of Marcelo´s children, which has not so far been possible. If it can be assumed that Marcelo´s wife Andregoto was very old when she died, it is possible that their children were born in the late 1030s/1040s, which would be consistent with the wife of Lope Iñíguez being their granddaughter. However, Marcelo and Andregoto´s other grandson Álvaro Muñoz “el Viejo” was alive in 1183, which seems inconsistent with this theory. At present there is insufficient information to exclude either possible parentage. Tecla is therefore shown in both places, until more information comes to light. "Aldefonsus imperator tocius Castelle et Toleto necnon et Nazare seu Alave" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de Cogollo, at the request of "comite domno Lope cum coniuge sua domna Ticlo", by charter dated 1091[201]. "Tecla comitissa filia Didaco Albaroyz" donated her property at Villa Farta to Santa Maria de Pamplona for the soul of "comitis de Lupi de Alaua et Bizcaya mariti mei" with the consent of "filiis meis Didaco, Sancie et filia Tota et Santia et Taresa" by charter dated Jan 1094[202]. "Domna Ticlo cometissa" chose to be buried in the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1104, naming "meus pater Didaco Alvarez", and witnessed by "filios meos…Tota Lopez, Sancia Lopez, Didaco Lopez, Sancio Lopez, Teresa Lopez…"[203]. m (before 14 Mar 1079) LOPE Iñíguez Señor de Vizcaya, son of ÍÑIGO Lopez "Ezquerra" Conde and Señor de Vizcaya & his wife Toda Fortúnez (-[1093]).]

ÁLVARO Díaz, son of DIEGO Álvarez Señor de Oca & his wife --- ([1040/45]-[27 Dec 1107/1108]). His birth date range is estimated from the likely birth date range of his son García, but bearing in mind that his father is recorded still alive in late 1099. ["…Gonçalo Diaz, Nuño Diaz, Anderquina Diaz, Alvar Diaz, Tido Diaz…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[204]. It is likely that the five subscribers with the patronymic "Díaz" were the siblings of Gonzalo Salvadórez´s first wife. It is not known whether they were all children of the same Diego Álvarez who is named above.] "Didaco Aluariz...Aluaro Didaz...Gunsaluo Aluariz..." subscribed the charter dated 18 Mar 1068 under which Sancho II King of Castile restored the see of Oca[205]. "Aldefonsus totus Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1077, witnessed by "…senior Alvaro Didaz, Garsia Alvarez suus filius…"[206]. "Senior Fortun Albaroz…cum uxore mea domna Tota" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 26 Aug 1078, confirmed by "senior Didaco Albaroz…senior Albaro Didaz…"[207]. Señor de Petroso. The dating clause of a charter dated 1081, under which "Vita Gomiz…" donated property to the monastery of San Lorenzo de Masoa, names "regnante rege Aldefonso in Legione et in Castella, comite Garsia in Naiara, Alvar Didaz in Petroso…"[208]. “Didaco Albariz, Albar Didaz, Albar Gontisalbiz, Roderico Guntisalbiz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Nov 1084 under which "Petru Fernandez" donated “divisa in villa...Rio Kauato...que fuit de germano meo Garcia Fernandez” to San Pedro de Cardeña[209]. Señor de Grañón. "Senior Didaco Orioliz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 11 Nov 1084, confirmed by "…sennor Didaco Alvarez dominantur Auca, sennor Alvaro Didaz dominantur Granione…"[210]. "Domna Iuliana" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1085, confirmed by "…sennor Didaco Alvarez, filio eius sennor Alvaro Didaz…"[211]. Señor de Oca. "Alfonsus rex" confirmed donations of property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 25 Nov 1089, witnessed by "…sennor Albar Didaz de Oca…"[212]. “...Alvaro Didaz...” witnessed the charter dated 1 May 1092 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile confirmed the prohibition of the entry of women into Valvanera[213]. "Alvar Didat…cum uxore mea Theresa Ordonnet" donated the monastery of San Cristóbal de Ibeas, including land "que fuit de comite don Lop et sua uxore domna Ricilo", to Burgos Cathedral by charter dated 27 Dec 1107, witnessed by "Garci Sanchez, Bartholomeus Diaz, Gonzalus Gonzalvus, Galindo Galindez, comite Garcia Ordonnet, sennior Diaz Sanchez, Garci Alvarez armiger regis"[214].

m TERESA Ordóñez, daughter of ORDOÑO Ordóñez & his wife Anderquina --- (-after 5 Nov 1124). "Alvaro Díaz y su mujer doña Teresa Ordóñez" donated property to the monastery of San Cristóbal de Ibeas by charter dated 1077[215]. "Alvar Didat…cum uxore mea Theresa Ordonnet" donated the monastery of San Cristóbal de Ibeas, including land "que fuit de comite don Lop et sua uxore domna Ricilo", to Burgos Cathedral by charter dated 27 Dec 1107, witnessed by "Garci Sanchez, Bartholomeus Diaz, Gonzalus Gonzalvus, Galindo Galindez, comite Garcia Ordonnet, sennior Diaz Sanchez, Garci Alvarez armiger regis"[216]. [“Ruderico Ordoniz et Didaco Ordoniz et Tarasia Ordoniz et A[r]gilo Ordoniz” donated “divisa in...Morale territorio Palentie comes iusta riuule Aslanzoni” to “Vita Zitiz” by charter dated 1 Jan 1080[217].] "Taresa Ordonez" granted half her property in Quintanilla Rodano, Sotopalacios and Quintana Fortuno to "Guter Fernandez et…Tota Diaz mea nepta…pro aver que dispense de Enderquina Alvarez tua mater et mea filia" by charter dated 5 Nov 1124[218].

Álvaro & his wife had four children:

1. PEDRO Álvarez . Alferez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 1101 and 1102[219]. His donation to Oviedo dated 1109 names his wife and seven children [220]. "Urraca totius Ispanie regina et Aldefonsi imperatoris filia" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 13 Apr 1121, confirmed by "…Petrus Alvares…"[221]. m GUINA Rodríguez, daughter of RODRIGO --- & his wife ---. She is named as the wife of Pedro Álvarez in the latter's donation to Oviedo dated 1109, which also names their seven children[222]. Pedro & his wife had seven children:

a) RODRIGO Pérez .

b) ÁLVARO Pérez .

c) JUAN Pérez .

d) ALDONZA Pérez .

e) GUNTRODO Pérez .

f) MUNIA Pérez .

g) FAQUILO Pérez .

2. GARCÍA Álvarez (-[killed in battle Uclés 30 May 1108]). "Aldefonsus totus Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1077, witnessed by "…senior Alvaro Didaz, Garsia Alvarez suus filius…"[223]. "…Garcia Alvariz, Ordonius Alvariz…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Aug 1077 which records an agreement between Bishop Diego Peláez and the abbot of Antealtares, San Fagundo[224]. Alférez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 2 Jan 1102 to 14 May 1107. "…Garcia Aluariz armiger regis…" subscribed the charter dated 14 May 1107 under which "Adefonsus…Toletani imperii rex…cum…uxore mea Helisabet regina" approved the mint of Santiago de Compostela[225].

3. ORDOÑO Álvarez ([1060/65]-after 1109). His birth date range is estimated on the basis of the likely birth date of his daughter. "…Garcia Alvariz, Ordonius Alvariz…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Aug 1077 which records an agreement between Bishop Diego Peláez and the abbot of Antealtares, San Fagundo[226]. Alférez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 30 Apr 1099-13 Apr 1101. He donated property previously belonging to his supposed father-in-law in 1097[227]. He confirmed the 1109 donation of his brother Pedro1203. [228]m firstly VELASQUITA "Cete Suárez". m secondly ([1088/90]) GONTRODO [Sol] Rodríguez, daughter of ---. She and her husband jointly acquired land in the valley of Tudela[229]. m thirdly ([1100]) MARINA Sánchez, daughter of [conde SANCHO Jiménez] & his wife ---. Ordoño & his first wife had one child:

a) MARÍA Ordóñez ([before 1088]-after 1141). Considering her daughter's marriage in 1120, it is likely that María was born before 1088, and therefore was the daughter of her father's first marriage. "Petro Didaz et uxor mea Maria Ordoniz" donated "monasterio Sancti Iohanis de Uirbiu in Asturias in Piaronia" to Eslonza monastery by charter dated 13 Jul 1129[230]. Her marriage is confirmed by the Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris which records that King Alfonso VII "took a concubine…Guntroda, the daughter of Pedro Díaz and María Ordóñez…who belonged to the greatest family of the Asturians and the Tinians", dated to [1130/32] from the context[231]. A charter dated 1132 records an agreement between the monastery of Eslonza and "Petrum Didazi…et uxor eius Maria Ordoniz" concerning the church of San Juan de Verbio[232]. She named her nine children in an 1141 donation[233]. m PEDRO Díaz de Valle, son of DIEGO Gutiérrez & his wife Gotina Pérez (-[1137/41]).

Ordoño & his --- wife had three children:

b) SUERO Ordóñez . m firstly (separated) JULIANA, daughter of --. m secondly as her second husband, condesa MARÍA Fernández, widow of conde ALFONSO Núñez, daughter of FERNANDO Díaz & his wife Enderquina Muñoz. Suero & his first wife had --- children:

i) ---.

c) URRACA Ordóñez .

d) JIMENA Ordóñez .

4. ENDERQUINA Álvarez (-before 5 Nov 1124). "Taresa Ordonez" granted half her property in Quintanilla Rodano, Sotopalacios and Quintana Fortuno to "Guter Fernandez et…Tota Diaz mea nepta…pro aver que dispense de Enderquina Alvarez tua mater et mea filia" by charter dated 5 Nov 1124[234]. The primary source which confirms her husband´s name has not yet been identified. m DIEGO Sánchez, son of ---. “...Didako Sangiz...” witnessed the charter dated 1 May 1092 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile confirmed the prohibition of the entry of women into Valvanera[235]. “...Lupa Sanz, Didacus Sanz...” confirmed the charter dated 25 Oct 1093 under which King Alfonso VI granted the right to hold a weekly market to Sahagún[236]. Diego & his wife had three children:

a) TODA Díaz (-after 9 Jul 1160). "Taresa Ordonez" granted half her property in Quintanilla Rodano, Sotopalacios and Quintana Fortuno to "Guter Fernandez et…Tota Diaz mea nepta…pro aver que dispense de Enderquina Alvarez tua mater et mea filia" by charter dated 5 Nov 1124[237]. According to Torres Sevilla[238], Toda Díaz was niece of García García de Aza but this is not compatible with the latter's family as set out in the document CASTILE & LEÓN NOBILITY (1). Alfonso VII King of Castile granted the monastery of San Salvador de El Moral to "domno Guterro Frenandez et uxore vestra domna Toda" by charter dated 5 Apr 1139[239]. Alfonso VII King of Castile granted property near San Salvador de El Moral to "domno Guterrio Ferrandez et uxori vestra Tode" by charter dated 29 Jan 1146[240]. Alfonso VII King of Castile granted "una villa…in termino de Ozieza…Foramnada" to "domno Guteirrio et uxori vestra domine Tote" by charter dated 15 Feb 1149[241]. "Sanctia Diez […de Frias] germana dompne Tote" donated property including "en Quadavilla la divisa de mea iermana domna Taresa" to San Cristóbal de Ibeas, for the souls of "…mariti mei Patri Gunzaluet", by charter dated 9 Jul 1160, witnessed by "Gutterius Fernandez et domna Tota uxor eius…"[242]. m (before 5 Nov 1124) GUTIERRE Fernández de Castro, son of FERNANDO García de Hita [Castro] & his [first wife ---/second wife Tegridia ---] (-1166, bur monastery of San Cristobál de Ibeas).

b) SANCHA Díaz (-after 9 Jul 1160). "Sanctia Diez […de Frias] germana dompne Tote" donated property including "en Quadavilla la divisa de mea iermana domna Taresa" to San Cristóbal de Ibeas, for the souls of "…mariti mei Patri Gunzaluet", by charter dated 9 Jul 1160, witnessed by "Gutterius Fernandez et domna Tota uxor eius…"[243]. m PEDRO González, son of --- (-before 9 Jul 1160).

c) TERESA (-before 9 Jul 1160). "Sanctia Diez […de Frias] germana dompne Tote" donated property including "en Quadavilla la divisa de mea iermana domna Taresa" to San Cristóbal de Ibeas, for the souls of "…mariti mei Patri Gunzaluet", by charter dated 9 Jul 1160, witnessed by "Gutterius Fernandez et domna Tota uxor eius…"[244].

Chapter 2. AZA

ORDOÑO Ramírez, son of [RAMIRO III King of León & his wife Sancha Gómez] ([980/84]-[1017/24]). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium records that "Infanta Cristina" married "the son of the Infante Ramiro, the Infante Ordoño, who was blind"[245]. It is uncertain how accurate this report can be as there seems to be no record of his having claimed the throne. The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis"[246]. He is recorded at the court of León in 1014 and 1017, but presumably mainly lived at Oviedo[247]. He confirmed a 1017 donation by Alfonso V King of León to Pedro Fernández[248].

m CRISTINA Vermúdez de León, [illegitimate] daughter of VERMUDO II King of León & [his first wife Velasquita Ramírez or his mistress Velasquita ---] (-before 1051). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Infanta Cristina" as the daughter of King Vermudo II by "a country girl named Velasquita, who was the daughter of Mantello and Bellalla from Miero near Monte Copián", stating that she married "the son of the Infante Ramiro, the Infante Ordoño, who was blind"[249]. Other sources indicate that this report must be incorrect. Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada names “Velasquitam” as first wife of King Vermudo II and their daughter “Christinam Infantem”, adding that she married “Ordonio Cæco filio Ranimiri Regis”[250]. The charter dated 31 May “era quinquagesima decima secunda super milessimam” [1062?=1024], under which “Christina” donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de Corneliana founded by her and “viro et Dno nostro dive memoriæ Dno Ordonio”, is confirmed (signing first among the subscribers) by “Velasquita regina...”[251]. It is unclear why the queen, ex-wife of King Vermudo II, would have subscribed the document unless she had been the donor´s mother. If that is correct, the Chronicon may reflect an attempt to blacken Queen Velasquita’s name, first launched after her divorce and later repeated in this source. Cristina is recorded as dead in a document of Oviedo cathedral dated 1051[252]. Cristina is recorded as dead in a document of Oviedo cathedral dated 1051[253].

Ordoño Ramírez & his wife had [five] children:

1. ALFONSO Ordóñez (-killed in battle Erolamego [1050]). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Sancha Ordóñez and countess Eldonza who was the wife of Pelayo Fróilaz who was a deacon" as the children of "the son of the Infante Ramiro, the Infante Ordoño, who was blind" & his wife[254]. The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis"[255]. Conde: “...Adefonsus Ordoniz comes...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Oct 1047 under which Fernando I King of Castile confirmed properties to the bishop of León[256]. The Annales Complutenses record the battle “de Ermalengo...Kal Sep girovagante Era MCLVIII” in which “Adefonsus Ordoniz filius” died[257]. m FRONILDE, daughter of --- (-after 1052). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1052 under which her daughter “Enderquina Adefonsi” sold property “su heredad…de su padre Alfonso Ordoni y de su madre doña Fronildi” to “su hermana doña Cristina”[258]. Alfonso & his wife had two children:

a) CRISTINA Alfonso (-after 1052). “Enderquina Adefonsi” sold property “su heredad…de su padre Alfonso Ordoni y de su madre doña Fronildi” to “su hermana doña Cristina” by charter dated 1052[259].

b) ENDERQUINA Alfonso (-after 1052). “Enderquina Adefonsi” sold property “su heredad…de su padre Alfonso Ordoni y de su madre doña Fronildi” to “su hermana doña Cristina” by charter dated 1052[260].

2. [ORDOÑO Ordóñez (-after 1072). The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis"[261]. Son of Ordoño Ramírez according to Torres Sevilla[262], but Salazar y Acha says that he was the son of Ordoño Fafílaz and his wife Anderquina ---[263].]

- see below.

3. SANCHA Ordóñez . The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Sancha Ordóñez and countess Eldonza who was the wife of Pelayo Fróilaz who was a deacon" as the children of "the son of the Infante Ramiro, the Infante Ordoño, who was blind" & his wife[264].

4. [265][PELAYA Ordóñez . The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis"[266]. Daughter of Ordoño Ramírez according to Ximénez de Rada. Torres Sevilla points out a 1069 reference to "Palla" wife of Vermudo Armentáriz which specifies no second name, and documents in which Pelaya's son confirms donations of the Ordóñez family[267]. m VERMUDO Armentáriz, son of ---.]

5. ALDONZA Ordóñez . The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Sancha Ordóñez and countess Eldonza who was the wife of Pelayo Fróilaz who was a deacon" as the children of "the son of the Infante Ramiro, the Infante Ordoño, who was blind" & his wife[268]. The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis", adding that "Eldonciam" married "Pelagii Froylæ"[269]. King Vermudo III exchanged “villa Lapeto qui fuit de abia mea regina domna Velasquita” with “comes Pelagio Froilaz et uxor vestra comitissa Ildontia Ordoniz” for “villa...Framilani que fuit de Monnio Didaz...in territorio Asma prope domo Sancto Iuliano” by charter dated 4 Oct 1032[270]. m ([1013]) conde PELAYO Fróilaz “el Diácono”, son of conde FRUELA Jiménez & his wife --- (-after 22 Dec 1037).

ORDOÑO Ordóñez, son of [ORDOÑO Ramírez de León & his wife Cristina Vermúdez de León] (-after 8 Dec 1072). The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis"[271]. Son of Ordoño Ramírez according to Torres Sevilla[272], but Salazar y Acha says that he was the son of Ordoño Fafílaz and his wife Anderquina ---[273]. He is not named as one of the children of Infante Ordoño in the Chronicon Regum Legionensium[274]. Alférez of Fernando I King of Castile 19 Apr 1042 to 1 Jul 1047[275]. He governed Palenzuela between 1048 and 1072[276]. "Cometissa domna Onneca, Gomiz Fredenandiz prolis" donated property “in territorio…Borueva in villa…Ecclesiasindenia” to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 10 Nov 1062, confirmed by “…sennor Nunno Alvarez, sennor Roderico Bermudez, sennor Sarracino Hanniz, sennor Didaco Alvarez, sennor Hanni Hanniz, sennor Ordoni Ordoniz, sennor Fredinando Rodriz, sennor Alvaro Rodriz, sennor Eximino Lopiz, sennor Salvator Gondissalviz, sennor Galindo Belasquiz”[277]. "…Ordonio Ordoniz…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[278]. "Ordonio Ordoniz et uxor mea Anderquina…" confirmed the monastery of Santa María by charter dated 27 May 1072[279].

m ENDERQUINA, daughter of --- (-after 27 May 1072). "Ordonio Ordoniz et uxor mea Anderquina…" confirmed the monastery of Santa María by charter dated 27 May 1072[280].

Ordoño Ordóñez & his wife had [six] children:

1. [281]GARCÍA Ordóñez (-killed in battle Uclés 30 May 1108). Conde 1077.

- see below.

2. [TERESA Ordóñez (-after 5 Nov 1124). "Alvaro Díaz y su mujer doña Teresa Ordóñez" donated property to the monastery of San Cristóbal de Ibeas by charter dated 1077[282]. "Alvar Didat…cum uxore mea Theresa Ordonnet" donated the monastery of San Cristóbal de Ibeas, including land "que fuit de comite don Lop et sua uxore domna Ricilo", to Burgos Cathedral by charter dated 27 Dec 1107, witnessed by "Garci Sanchez, Bartholomeus Diaz, Gonzalus Gonzalvus, Galindo Galindez, comite Garcia Ordonnet, sennior Diaz Sanchez, Garci Alvarez armiger regis"[283]. [“Ruderico Ordoniz et Didaco Ordoniz et Tarasia Ordoniz et A[r]gilo Ordoniz” donated “divisa in...Morale territorio Palentie comes iusta riuule Aslanzoni” to “Vita Zitiz” by charter dated 1 Jan 1080[284].] "Taresa Ordonez" granted half her property in Quintanilla Rodano, Sotopalacios and Quintana Fortuno to "Guter Fernandez et…Tota Diaz mea nepta…pro aver que dispense de Enderquina Alvarez tua mater et mea filia" by charter dated 5 Nov 1124[285]. m ÁLVARO Díaz Señor de Oca, son of DIEGO Álvarez, Señor de Oca & his wife Toda Jiménez (-[1107/08]).]

3. RODRIGO Ordóñez (-after 1092). [“Ruderico Ordoniz et Didaco Ordoniz et Tarasia Ordoniz et A[r]gilo Ordoniz” donated “divisa in...Morale territorio Palentie comes iusta riuule Aslanzoni” to “Vita Zitiz” by charter dated 1 Jan 1080[286].] "...Ruderico Ordoniz..." confirmed the charter dated 14 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI granted freedoms and exemptions to Sahagún[287]. Alférez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 15 Jul 1081 to 14 May 1087[288]. “Garsea Ordoniz comite, Roderico frater eius...” subscribed the charter dated 1 May 1082 under which “Didacus...presbiter” donated the monastery “in rigo de Pisorga in villa...Olmos quem abeo de meos abos” to San Pedro de Cardeña[289]. The dating clause of a charter dated 27 Apr 1084, under which “Obeco Flayniz” sold “erreditatem...que abemus de abibus et parentibus nostris in Kampo Tauro villas...Ualle et Quintanella...meas rationes” to “Guter Nebozaniz et uxoris uestra Scemena Obequiz et filiis vestris”, records “...in Nazara Gartia Ordoniz, armiger regis Rodrigo Ordoniz...”[290]. "Ruderico Ordoniz" donated the monastery of San Ginés and other land to Burgos Cathedral, with the advice of "uxoris mee Marie Petriz", by charter dated 1092, the dating clause of which specifies "comite Garsia frater istius Roderici qui hanc cartam fieri precepit in Nagara"[291]. m MARÍA Pérez, daughter of --- (-after 1092). "Ruderico Ordoniz" donated the monastery of San Ginés and other land to Burgos Cathedral, with the advice of "uxoris mee Marie Petriz", by charter dated 1092, the dating clause of which specifies "comite Garsia frater istius Roderici qui hanc cartam fieri precepit in Nagara"[292].

4. [DIEGO Ordóñez (-after 1 Jan 1080). “Ruderico Ordoniz et Didaco Ordoniz et Tarasia Ordoniz et A[r]gilo Ordoniz” donated “divisa in...Morale territorio Palentie comes iusta riuule Aslanzoni” to “Vita Zitiz” by charter dated 1 Jan 1080[293]. It is not known whether “Ruderico Ordoniz...Tarasia Ordoniz” were the same persons as the children of Ordoño Ordóñez who are named above, but if that is the case it is likely that Diego and Argilo were their siblings.]

5. [ARGILO Ordóñez (-after 1 Jan 1080). “Ruderico Ordoniz et Didaco Ordoniz et Tarasia Ordoniz et A[r]gilo Ordoniz” donated “divisa in...Morale territorio Palentie comes iusta riuule Aslanzoni” to “Vita Zitiz” by charter dated 1 Jan 1080[294]. It is not known whether “Ruderico Ordoniz...Tarasia Ordoniz” were the same persons as the children of Ordoño Ordóñez who are named above, but if that is the case it is likely that Diego and Argilo were their siblings.]

6. [URRACA Ordóñez . She is not shown in either Torre Sevilla or Sánchez Candeira, unless she was 'Teresa' who is named in the latter. m [as his first wife,] SANCHO Sánchez Señor de Erro y Tafalla, son of SANCHO Macerátez & his [second] wife Andregoto --- (-after [1127]).]

GARCÍA Ordóñez, son of ORDOÑO Ordóñez & his wife Anderquina --- (-killed in battle Uclés 30 May 1108). Alférez of Alfonso VI King of Castile: “...Sanctio Ordoniz...Garsia Ordoniz armiger regis...” confirmed the charter dated 20 Feb 1074 under which "Maria Gutterriz...cum iermanas meas domna Fronilli et Donellu et domna Tegridia" donated “villa...Petrafitta super ripam fluminis Ceia...in territorio Castro Froila et Siero...fuit...de patre nostro comite Guttier Afonso et matre nostra comitissa domna Goto” to “Uelasco Ueilaz et uxori tue Helisabet vel filii tui Ueila Uelasquiz”[295]. He supported Abd Allah Emir of Granada when he invaded the emirate of Seville, but was defeated by Rodrigo Díaz at Cabra[296]. Señor de Nájera y Grañón. Conde. "Ruderigo Didaz" accepted as his wife "Scemena filia Didago ducis de terra Asturiense" and granted property "in territorio Kastelle…in Cavia" to her, with "comes Petro Assuriz et comes Garsea Ordonniz" as guarantors, by charter dated 19 Jul 1074[297]. "Aldefonsus totus Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1077, witnessed by "Garsias comes de Nazara…"[298]. "...Garcia Ordoniz commes..." confirmed the charter dated 8 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI decreed that no representative of the king could enter Sahagún[299]. “Comite Garcia Ordoniz, uxor eius comitissa domna Urraka, Ermesindis soror eius…” subscribed the charter dated 18 Apr 1081 under which “Ranimirus filius Garsie regis et Stefanie regina” donated property to Santa María de Nájera[300]. A charter dated 6 Dec 1081, under which "Blasko Milian et uxor mea Monoca" sold property, names "… et in Nagera comite Garcia Hordonioz…" in the dating clause directly following the name of the king[301]. The dating clause of a charter dated 1081, under which "Vita Gomiz…" donated property to the monastery of San Lorenzo de Masoa, names "regnante rege Aldefonso in Legione et in Castella, comite Garsia in Naiara…"[302]. “Garsea Ordoniz comite, Roderico frater eius...” subscribed the charter dated 1 May 1082 under which “Didacus...presbiter” donated the monastery “in rigo de Pisorga in villa...Olmos quem abeo de meos abos” to San Pedro de Cardeña[303]. The dating clause of a charter dated 27 Apr 1084, under which “Obeco Flayniz” sold “erreditatem...que abemus de abibus et parentibus nostris in Kampo Tauro villas...Ualle et Quintanella...meas rationes” to “Guter Nebozaniz et uxoris uestra Scemena Obequiz et filiis vestris”, records “...in Nazara Gartia Ordoniz, armiger regis Rodrigo Ordoniz...”[304]. "Senior Didaco Orioliz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 11 Nov 1084, confirmed by "…comite Garcia Ordonio in Naiera…"[305]. "Domna Iuliana" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1085, confirmed by "…comite Garsia Ordonio in Naiera…"[306]. “Garseanus comes, Urraka soror illius…” confirmed the charter dated 27 May [1085] by which “Renemirus infans, prolis Garseani principis” donated property to Santa María de Nájera[307]. The dating clause of a charter dated 20 Nov 1085, which records the consecration of the church of San Pedro de Llodio, names "…comite Garcia obtinente Nagera et Calahorra…"[308]. "Comite domno Garsea in Naiara" is named in charters concerning donations to the monastery of Valbanera dated between 1085 and 1101[309]. The dating clause of a charter dated 1089, under which "Eximina Didaz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, names "…comite domno Garsea dominator Naiera et Grannione…"[310]. The dating clause of a charter dated 1092, under which "Monnio Sempron et Dominico Ferrero" bought property at Madriz, names "…dompno Garsia dominante in Naiera et Matrice…"[311]. “...Garsea Ordoniz comes...” witnessed the charter dated 1 May 1092 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile confirmed the prohibition of the entry of women into Valvanera[312]. He was a powerful supporter of Alfonso VI King of Castile and participated in numerous campaigns against the Muslims. "Adefonsus…Ispanie imperator" permitted the abbey of Silos to establish outposts near the abbey, with the consent of "uxoris mee Berte regine", by charter dated 20 Jan [1096/98], confirmed by "Garcia Ordoniz…"[313]. A charter dated 1106 records "eodem anno in die sancti Michaelis" that "comes Garsia" baptised "suum filium in Sancti Emiliani ecclesiam", the dating clause naming "…Garsia comite dominante Calagurra et Naiera…"[314]. "…Garcia Ordonici comes…" subscribed the charter dated 14 May 1107 under which "Adefonsus…Toletani imperii rex…cum…uxore mea Helisabet regina" approved the mint of Santiago de Compostela[315]. The Anales Toledanos record that “Infant D. Sancho è al Conde D. Garcia” were killed “cerca de Uclés III Kal Jun” in 1108[316].

m firstly ([1076]) URRACA de Navarra, daughter of GARCÍA V Sánchez King of Navarre & his wife Stephanie de Foix (-after 1 Feb 1095). “Comite Garcia Ordoniz, uxor eius comitissa domna Urraka, Ermesindis soror eius…” subscribed the charter dated 18 Apr 1081 under which “Ranimirus filius Garsie regis et Stefanie regina” donated property to Santa María de Nájera[317]. "Gassea…comes…cum…coniuge Urracha comitissa" donated property to the monastery of San Adrián de las Palmas by charter dated 13 Aug 1084, subscribed by "Senior Eneco Acenariz"[318]. “Garseanus comes, Urraka soror illius…” confirmed the charter dated 27 May [1085] by which “Renemirus infans, prolis Garseani principis” donated property to Santa María de Nájera[319]. The charter dated 1089, in which "domno comite Garsia et nobilissima et nobilior orta nata dompna Urraca comitissa, dominantibus Naiera" are named, hints at an illustrious ancestry[320]. Her parentage is specified clearly in the charter dated 1 Mar 1145 under which her daughter “Domna Maior filia comitis Garsie et comitisse domne Urrache, filie regis Garsie, filii regis Sanctii maioris” donated “una viña en Calahorra” to Santa María Real de Nájera, for the souls of “filiorum meorum”[321].

m secondly (before 1105) as her first husband, EVA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Salazar y Castro states[322] that she was Eva Pérez de Traba, daughter of Pedro Froílaz de Traba & his first wife Urraca Fróilaz. This tradition goes back further, as Argote Molina stated in 1588 that "doña Eva Perez de Trava…hija de el Conde don Pedro de Trava Señor de Trastamara" was the wife of "el Conde don Garcia que murio en la batalla de Ucles"[323]. Barton says that there is no documentary proof to substantiate this claim[324]. Menéndez Pidal de Navascués[325] suggests that she was a countess of French origin, Szabolcs de Vajay and Salazar[326] hypothesising more specifically that she was the daughter of Aimery [II] Vicomte de Rochechouart whose mother was named Eva, and whose name in the form "Almanricus" may have been the origin of the name "Manrique" given to Eva's son by her second marriage. It is all the more improbable that Eva was the daughter of Pedro Froílaz as her son by her first husband married one of Pedro's younger daughters, who would have been his aunt if the relationship was correct. Doña Eva married secondly ([late 1108/1109]) Pedro González de Lara, who later became the lover of Urraca Queen of Castile.

Conde García & his first wife had [four] children:

1. [ÁLVARO García (-after 1089). Salazar y Acha suggests that Álvaro García, alférez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 21 Jul 1087 to 30 Apr 1089, may have been the son of García Ordóñez[327]. However, assuming that the marriage of his supposed parents is correctly estimated to [1076] as shown above, he would have been young to have held office at court at that time.]

2. ELVIRA García . Barton names "Elvira, Fernando, Mayor" as the children of García Ordóñez and his first wife but does not cite the corresponding primary sources on which this information is based[328].

3. FERNANDO García . Barton names "Elvira, Fernando, Mayor" as the children of García Ordóñez and his first wife but does not cite the corresponding primary sources on which this information is based[329].

4. MAYOR García . Barton names "Elvira, Fernando, Mayor" as the children of García Ordóñez and his first wife but does not cite the corresponding primary sources on which this information is based[330]. "Maior Garzia cum filiis meis don Garzia Gomet et Pelagio Gomet et Diego Gomet et Urracha Gomet" donated "in Villamaior monasterium Sancti Martini medium" to San Zoilo de Carrión, for the soul of "domni Gomiz --- mariti mei", by charter dated 18 May 1118[331]. “Domna Maior filia comitis Garsie et comitisse domne Urrache, filie regis Garsie, filii regis Sanctii maioris” donated “una viña en Calahorra” to Santa María Real de Nájera, for the souls of “filiorum meorum”, by charter dated 1 Mar 1145[332]. m conde GÓMEZ Peláez, son of PELAYO Gómez & his wife Elvira Muñoz (-1118).

Conde García & his second wife had one child:

5. GARCÍA García de Aza (1106, before 29 Sep-16 Dec 1160). Salazar y Castro records his parentage[333]. A charter dated 1106 records "eodem anno in die sancti Michaelis" that "comes Garsia" baptised "suum filium in Sancti Emiliani ecclesiam", the dating clause naming "…Garsia comite dominante Calagurra et Naiera…"[334]. The primary source which names his mother has not yet been identified. The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records that "…García Garcés…" made peace with Alfonso VII King of Castile after his accession in 1126[335].

- AZA, LERMA.

Chapter 3. FAMILY of EL CID (PATERNAL ANCESTORS)

The following genealogy of the ancestors of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, known as el Cid Campeador, is set out in the Historia Roderici[336]. This work says that “this then seems to be the origin of his stock”, suggesting that the lineage is uncertain. The first alleged ancestor, Laín Calvo, was one of the 9th century "judges" of Castile later considered as the founders of the county. Martínez Díez classifies the existence of these judges as “legendario, producto de la creación literaria, sin ningún apoyo cronístico coetáneo ni documental”[337], which suggests that Laín Calvo may not have been a historical person at all. It has not been possible to corroborate the historical accuracy of the ancestry of El Cid from other sources, except the “Corónicas” Navarras as shown below. It should be treated with some caution, at least as far as Laín Núñez, the grandfather of El Cid.

[LAÍN Calvo], son of --- . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Layn Calbo" as direct paternal ancestor of "Rodric Díaz el Canpeador", stating that he was "anvos iúdiçes de Castieylla"[338]. The Chronicon de Cardeña records the appointment by “los Castellanos [de] dos Alcaydes Nuño Rasuera è Lain Calvo” during the reign of King Fruela, adding that “Roy Diaz el Cid” descended from the latter[339]. As noted above, it is not certain that Laín Calvo was a historical figure.

m [TERESA Núñez, daughter of NUÑO Alfonso de Amaya & his wife ---] or [TERESA Núnez, daughter of NUÑO Núñez “Rasura” & his wife ---.] The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Enxamea Nuñez, D. Teresa Nñez" as the children of "D. Nuño Alvarez de Maya", illegitimate son of Alfonso V King of León, and his wife, and in a later passage that "Lain Calvo" married "D. Teresa Nuñez, hija de Nuño Rasura"[340]. There is confusion between these two parts of this source, which in any case is unreliable for the early generations. From a chronological point of view, it is impossible that Laín Calvo (even if he did exist) married a granddaughter of Alfonso V King of León. In any case, on the basis of the reconstruction of the later generations posited by Pedro de Barcelos, Teresa, daughter of Nuño Alfonso de Amaya, would have been the great, great grandmother of the husband of her supposed sister Jimena, which is simply absurd. The first alternative for the parentage of Teresa Núñez can therefore be dismissed completely.]

Laín & his wife had [four or more] children:

1. [FERNANDO Laínez . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Ferrant Layniz et Bermun Layniz" as the two sons of "Layn Calbo"[341]. The Historia Roderici names “Fernán Laínez and Bermudo Laínez” among the “many sons” of “Laín Calvo”[342]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Fernan Lainez, Vermui Lainez, Lain Lainez…" as the children of "Lain Calvo" and his wife "D. Teresa Nuñez, hija de Nuño Rasura"[343]. m ---. The name of Fernando's wife is not known. Fernando & his wife had one child:]

a) [LAÍN Fernández . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Layn Ferlándiz" as the son of "Ferrant Layniç"[344]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Lain Fernandez" as the son of "Fernan Lainez"[345]. m ---. The name of Laín's wife is not known. Laín & his wife had one child:]

i) [NUÑO Laínez . The Historia Roderici names “Nuño Laínez” as the son of “Laín Fernández”[346].]

- see below.

2. [VERMUDO Laínez . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Ferrant Layniz et Bermun Layniz" as the two sons of "Layn Calbo"[347]. The Historia Roderici names “Fernán Laínez and Bermudo Laínez” among the “many sons” of “Laín Calvo”[348]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Fernan Lainez, Vermui Lainez, Lain Lainez…" as the children of "Lain Calvo" and his wife "D. Teresa Nuñez, hija de Nuño Rasura"[349]. m ---. The name of Vermudo's wife is not known. Vermudo & his wife had two children:]

a) [RODRIGO Vermúdez (-after 10 Nov 1062). The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Rodric Bermúndiz" as the son of "Bermunt Layniz"[350]. The Historia Roderici names “Rodrigo Bermúdez” as the son of “Bermudo Laínez”[351]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Rodrigo Vermuiz, D. Elvira Vermuiz, de que vienen los de Biscaya" as the children of "Vermui Lainez"[352]. [“...Ruderico Vermudiz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Oct 1047 under which Fernando I King of Castile confirmed properties to the bishop of León[353]. "...Ruderico Bermudiz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 May 1050 under which “Gomessanus...episcopus...cum nepotes meos Simeoni et Gomessano” donated property to San Pedro de Cardeña[354]. "…Roderico Bermudez…" subscribed the charter dated 18 Feb 1053 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monasteries of Población and Tamara[355]. “...Roderico Vermudiz...” confirmed the charter dated 1 Sep 1058 which records that "cometissa domna Momadomna...cum filio meo Petro" donated “in Ualle Rodias...in Cisnarios” to Santa María de Piasca[356]. “Roderico Uermuiz...” confirmed the charter dated 21 Nov 1058 under which King Fernando I granted "villas...Planctata et iacet in ripa riuulo Pisorga et illa alia...Respeidena" to “filios et filias de Gudesteo Didaz...”[357]. "Cometissa domna Onneca, Gomiz Fredenandiz prolis" donated property “in territorio…Borueva in villa…Ecclesiasindenia” to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 10 Nov 1062, confirmed by “…sennor Nunno Alvarez, sennor Roderico Bermudez, sennor Sarracino Hanniz, sennor Didaco Alvarez, sennor Hanni Hanniz, sennor Ordoni Ordoniz, sennor Fredinando Rodriz, sennor Alvaro Rodriz, sennor Eximino Lopiz, sennor Salvator Gondissalviz, sennor Galindo Belasquiz”[358].] m ---. The name of Rodrigo's wife is not known. Rodrigo & his wife had two children:]

i) [FERNANDO Rodríguez . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Ferrant Rodríguez" as the son of "Rodric Bermúndez"[359]. The Historia Roderici names “Fernán Rodríguez” as the son of “Rodrigo Bermúdez”[360]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando Rodriguez, D. Mencia Rodriguez" as the children of "Rodrigo Vermuiz"[361]. m ---. The name of Fernando's wife is not known. Fernando & his wife had two children:]

(a) [PEDRO Fernández . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Pero Ferrandiz et una fija…don Elo" as the children of "Ferrant Rodríguiz"[362]. The Historia Roderici names “Pedro Fernández and a daughter named Eylo” as the children of “Fernán Rodríguez”[363]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando Rodriguez, D. Ello" as the children of "D. Fernando Rodriguez"[364].]

(b) [EILO Fernández . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Pero Ferrandiz et una fija…don Elo" as the children of "Ferrant Rodríguiz", stating that the latter married "Nuyno Laniz" although it does not state directly the parentage of the latter[365]. The Historia Roderici names “Pedro Fernández and a daughter named Eylo” as the children of “Fernán Rodríguez”, adding that Eilo married “Nuño Laínez”[366]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando Rodriguez, D. Ello" as the children of "D. Fernando Rodriguez", adding in an earlier passage that "Nuño Lainez" married "D. Ello"[367]. m NUÑO Laínez, son of [LAÍN Fernández & his wife ---].]

ii) [MENCÍA Rodríguez . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando Rodriguez, D. Mencia Rodriguez" as the children of "Rodrigo Vermuiz"[368].]

b) [ELVIRA Vermúdez . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Rodrigo Vermuiz, D. Elvira Vermuiz, de que vienen los de Biscaya" as the children of "Vermui Lainez", adding in a later passage that she married "Fortum Froes señor de Biscaya"[369]. Llorente adapts this by recording Elvira Vermúdez but adding that she married Munio López (without citing the primary source on which it is based), assuming that she was Munio´s first wife as he states that his second wife was Velasquita de Navarra[370]. It is uncertain whether Elvira Vermúdez was historical or fictitious. m MUNIO López, son of [LOPE Sarracínez “el Vizcaino” & his wife Sancha Sánchez] (-[950]).]

3. [sons . The Historia Roderici names “Fernán Laínez and Bermudo Laínez” among the “many sons” of “Laín Calvo”[371].]

4. [LAIN Laínez . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Fernan Lainez, Vermui Lainez, Lain Lainez de que vienen los de Castro" as the children of "Lain Calvo" and his wife "D. Teresa Nuñez, hija de Nuño Rasura"[372].]

NUÑO Laínez, son of [LAÍN Fernández & his wife ---] . The Historia Roderici names “Nuño Laínez” as the son of “Laín Fernández”[373]. The "Corónicas" Navarras does not directly name the father of "Nuyno Laniz", but the context of the narrative as a whole implies that he was the son of Laín Fernández[374]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Nuño Lainez" as the son of "Lain Fernandez"[375].

m EILO Fernández, daughter of [FERNÁN Rodríguez & his wife ---]. The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Pero Ferrandiz et una fija…don Elo" as the children of "Ferrant Rodríguiz", stating that the latter married "Nuyno Laniz" although it does not state directly the parentage of the latter[376]. The Historia Roderici names “Pedro Fernández and a daughter named Eylo” as the children of “Fernán Rodríguez”, adding that Eilo married “Nuño Laínez”[377]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando Rodriguez, D. Ello" as the children of "D. Fernando Rodriguez", adding in an earlier passage that "Nuño Lainez" married "D. Ello"[378].

Nuño & his wife had [one child]:

1. [LAIN Núñez (-after 1063). The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Layn Nunyz" as the son of "Nuyno Laniz" and his wife[379]. The Historia Roderici names Laín Núñez as son of “Nuño Laínez…[and] Eylo”[380]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Lain Nuñez" as the son of "Nuño Lainez" and his wife[381]. He subscribed charters of Fernando I King of Castile between 1049 and 1063[382].] m ---. The name of Lain's wife is not known. Lain & his wife had [two] children:

a) DIEGO Laínez (-[1058]). The Historia Roderici names Diego Laínez as son of “Laín Nuñez”[383]. The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Iac Layniç" as the son of "Layn Nuniç"[384]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Diego Lainez, D. Fernando Lainez" as the children of "Lain Nuñez"[385]. “...Didaco Flaginiz” subcribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1047 under which [presumed to be his wife´s uncle] “Nunu Albariz et uxor mea domna Goto” donated the church of Santa María “in riuulo Kabie iuxta terminos de...Burgos” to San Pedro de Cardeña[386]. He captured the castles of Ubierna, Urbel and La Piedra from Navarre, probably after 1054[387]. m TERESA Rodríguez, daughter of RODRIGO Álvarez & his wife Teresa Núñez. The "Corónicas" Navarras records that "Díac Layniç" married "fija de Roy Díaz Álvariz d'Esturias"[388]. The Historia Roderici records that the mother of Rodrigo Díaz el Campeador was “the daughter of Rodrigo Álvarez…”[389]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Diego Lainez" married "D. Teresa Nuñez"[390]. Diego & his wife had [three] children:

i) [daughter . If "sobrinis" can be interpreted as nephew in the charter dated below, the mother of Álvaro Yáñez was the sister of Rodrigo Díaz. If that is correct, the chronology suggests that she must have been his older sister.] m JUAN ---, son of ---. One child:

(a) ÁLVARO Yáñez (-after 19 Jul 1074). "Ruderigo Didaz" accepted as his wife "Scemena filia Didago ducis de terra Asturiense" and granted property "in territorio Kastelle…in Cavia" to her, including "villas que michi saccarunt Albaro Faniz et Albaro Albariz sobrinis meis", with "comes Petro Assuriz et comes Garsea Ordonniz" as guarantors, by charter dated 19 Jul 1074, subscribed by "…Albaro Hanniz, Albaro Albariz…"[391].

ii) [daughter . If "sobrinis" can be interpreted as nephew in the charter dated below, the mother of Álvaro Alvárez was the sister of Rodrigo Díaz. If that is correct, the chronology suggests that she must have been his older sister.] m ÁLVARO ---, son of ---. One child:

(a) ÁLVARO Alvárez (-after 19 Jul 1074). "Ruderigo Didaz" accepted as his wife "Scemena filia Didago ducis de terra Asturiense" and granted property "in territorio Kastelle…in Cavia" to her, including "villas que michi saccarunt Albaro Faniz et Albaro Albariz sobrinis meis", with "comes Petro Assuriz et comes Garsea Ordonniz" as guarantors, by charter dated 19 Jul 1074, subscribed by "…Albaro Hanniz, Albaro Albariz…"[392].

iii) RODRIGO Díaz de Vivar (Vivar near Burgos [1043]-Valencia [10] Jul 1099, bur monastery of San Pedro de Cardeña). The Historia Roderici names Rodrigo Díaz el Campeador as son of “Diego Laínez…[and] the daughter of Rodrigo Álvarez”[393]. The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Rodric Diaç" as the son of "Díac Layniç" and his wife "fija de Roy Díaz Álvariz d'Esturias", specifying that "el rey don Sancho de Castieylla" raised him after his father died[394]. Known as "El Cid Campeador". He was brought up in the household of Sancho, future Sancho II King of Castle, and fought with the prince at the battle of Graus 8 May 1063[395]. Alférez of Sancho II King of Castile 1066[396]. "Ruderigo Didaz" accepted as his wife "Scemena filia Didago ducis de terra Asturiense" and granted property "in territorio Kastelle…in Cavia" to her, including "villas que michi saccarunt Albaro Faniz et Albaro Albariz sobrinis meis", with "comes Petro Assuriz et comes Garsea Ordonniz" as guarantors, by charter dated 19 Jul 1074[397]. “Munnioni comite, Gundissalbo comite, Didaco Gundissalbiz...Gundissalbo Albariz, Albaro Gundissalbiz, Rodrico Diaz” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jun 1079 under which "Maria" donated property “in Aquilare medietatem...monasterio de Sancti Martini...alio monasterio in Aquilare, Sancta Juliana” to San Pedro de Cardeña[398]. "...Rodrigo Didaz..." confirmed the charter dated 8 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI decreed that no representative of the king could enter Sahagún[399]. Lord and independent ruler of Valencia 1094-1099. Dozy highlights a passage, written by Ibn-Bassâm in 1109, which records that "un chien de Galice appelé Rodrigue et surnommé le Campéador" captured Valencia in "488"[400]. The "Corónicas" Navarras record that "meo Çid" died in Valencia in May 1132 and was buried "a Sanct Per de Cardeyna, prob de Burgos"[401]. The Chronicon Burgense records the death in 1099 of “Rodericus Campidoctor”[402]. m ([19 Jul] 1074) JIMENA Díaz, daughter of conde DIEGO Fernández & his second wife Cristina Fernández (-1106). The "Corónicas" Navarras record that "este meo Çid" married "dona Xemena, nieta del rey don Alfonsso, filla del conte don Diago de Asturias"[403]. "Rodric Diaz et uxor mea Scemena" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 12 May 1076[404]. She attempted to retain control of Valencia after her husband's death but finally evacuated the city in [Apr/May] 1102. The Anales Toledanos record the death in 1106 of “Dona Ximena su muger [del Cid]”[405]. Rodrigo & his wife had three children:

(a) DIEGO Rodríguez (-killed in battle Consuegra 1097). "…Didacus Ruderiquiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1095 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile granted protection to the merchants of Compostela[406]. The "Corónicas" Navarras name "un fijo…Diago Roiz" and two daughters as the children of "este meo Çid" and his wife, stating that the son was killed by the Moors in Consuegra[407].

(b) ELVIRA [Cristina] Rodríguez ([1080]-). The "Corónicas" Navarras name "dona Cristiana…dona Maria" as the two daughters of "este meo Çid" and his wife, stating that Cristina married "l'ifant don Romiro"[408]. Her origin is suggested by the Crónica de San Juan de la Peña which states that "el infant Don Garcia fillo de Don Ramiro…" was "sobrino del Cit Ruidiaz"[409]. The testament of "Ramiro Sánchez rey de Navarra, yerno de Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar el Cid" is dated 1110[410]. m ([1100]) RAMIRO Sánchez de Navarra Señor de Monzón y Urroz, son of SANCHO García de Navarra Señor de Uncastillo y Sangüesa & his first wife Constanza Sánchez (-[Jan/Feb] 1116).

(c) MARÍA [Sol] Rodríguez (-[4 Aug 1104/before 1 Nov 1106]). The "Corónicas" Navarras name "dona Cristiana…dona Maria" as the two daughters of "este meo Çid" and his wife, stating that María married "el conte de Barçalona"[411]. Her supposed first marriage is indicated by the Cantar de mio cid which records the annulment of the marriages of “los infantes de Carrión” and “Ruy Díaz...mis hijas...doña Elvira y doña Sol” upon which negotiations took place for their marriages “con los de Navarra y Aragón”[412]. The date of death of her supposed first husband appears incompatible with the date of the first charter in which she appears with her [second] husband. Unless further primary source information comes to light, María´s supposed first marriage should be treated with caution. Ramon Berenguer and his wife Maria granted property to a vassal by charter dated 1103[413]. Ramon Berenguer and his wife Maria donated property to the church of San Adrian "inmediata al rio Besós" by charter dated 4 Aug 1104[414]. [m firstly (1098) Infante don PEDRO de Aragon y Navarra, son of PEDRO I King of Aragon and Navarre & his first wife Agnès d'Aquitaine (-1 Feb 1104, bur 18 Aug 1104 San Juan de la Peña [415]).] m [secondly] ([1104]) as his first wife, RAMÓN BERENGUER III "el Grande" Conde de Barcelona, son of RAMÓN BERENGUER II "Cap d'Estopes" Conde de Barcelona & his wife Mathilde di Apulia (11 Nov 1082-19 Jul 1131).

b) [FERNANDO Laínez . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Diego Lainez, D. Fernando Lainez" as the children of "Lain Nuñez"[416].] m JIMENA Núñez, daughter of NUÑO Alfonso de Amaya & his wife ---. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Enxamea Nuñez, D. Teresa Nñez" as the children of "D. Nuño Alvarez de Maya", illegitimate son of Alfonso V King of León, and his wife, and in a later passage records that "D. Fernando Lainez" married "D. Ximena Nuñez"[417]. Fernando & his wife had one child:

i) [ÁLVARO Fernández Minaya . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Conde D. Alvaro Fernandez Minaya, que tuvo del Rey en tenencia a Castroxerez" as the child of "D. Fernando Lainez" and his wife "D. Ximena Nuñez"[418].] m [MILIA Ansúrez, daughter of Conde PEDRO Ansúrez & his second wife Eilo Alfonso. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "Conde D. Alvaro Fernandez Minaya, que tuvo del Rey en tenencia a Castroxerez" married "D. la Condesa D. Milia Anzores, hija del Conde Don Pedro Anzores de Caton"[419].] Álvaro & his wife had one child:

(a) MARÍA Álvarez . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Maria Alvarez" as the child of "Conde D. Alvaro Fernandez Minaya, que tuvo del Rey en tenencia a Castroxerez" and his wife "D. la Condesa D. Milia Anzores, hija del Conde Don Pedro Anzores de Caton"[420].

Chapter 4. FAMILY of EL CID (MATERNAL ANCESTORS)

1. ÁLVARO --- . m ---. The name of Álvaro's wife is not known. Álvaro & his wife had two children:

a) NUÑO Álvarez (-after 29 Oct 1047, maybe after 31 Aug 1050). The Historia Roderici names Rodrigo Álvarez as “brother of Nuño Álvarez who held the castle of Amaya and several other regional provinces”[421]. [“Duenno Nunno Alvaro de Castella et sennor Furtun Oggoiz de Pampilona” witnessed and confirmed a charter dated 1016 under which “Sancio comite et Sancio regis Pampilonensem” defined the territorial boundaries between the kingdom of Navarre and the county of Castile[422]. They were the only witnesses to this charter, which implies that they acted as authorised representatives of each party in the negotiation and signing of the agreement. This suggests that each of them enjoyed a position of relative seniority and trust among the nobility of their respective territories. The co-identity with the brother of Rodrigo Álvarez is not certain, as it would imply a long career considering the supposed death date of his younger brother.] [“...Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz” subscribed the charter dated 29 Apr 1032 under which "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated the monastery of San Miguel “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña[423].] “...Domno Nunno Albariz...Nunno Albariz, Rodrico Albariz...Guntisalbo Albariz, Furtuni Albariz...Didaco Albariz...” witnessed the charter dated 24 May 1038 under which Fernando I King of Castile granted “castellum...Vierbele” to “Garcia Eneconis”[424]. “...Nunu Albariz, Rodrico Uermudiz, Fanni Fanniz, Didaco Albariz, Fortunio Albariz, Ordonio Ordoniz, alio Nunu Albariz” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jul 1047 under which "Salbator Gundissalbiz cum coniuge mea Momadonna" donated “duas villas in villa...Spinosa” to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas[425]. “Nunno Alvariz...cum coniuge mea Goto” donated the monastery of Santa María de Cabia to San Pedro de Cardeña by [spurious] charter dated 2 Jul 1047, subscribed by “...Domno Nunno Alvaroz, Didaco Alvaroz, Gundisalvo Alvaroz...”[426]. “...Domno Nunno Aluariz, alio Munno Aluariz...” subscribed the charter dated 1 Oct 1047 under which Fernando I King of Castile confirmed properties to the bishop of León[427]. “Nunu Albariz et uxor mea domna Goto” donated the church of Santa María “in riuulo Kabie iuxta terminos de...Burgos” to San Pedro de Cardeña by charter dated 29 Oct 1047[428]. It is assumed that Nuño Álvarez, brother of Rodrigo Álvarez, was the person who married Goto (although this is not beyond all doubt): the other Nuño Álvarez, shown below, had a brother Munio, while no indication has been found that Rodrigo had a brother of that name. ["Nunnu Alvariz, Salvator Gundisalviz, Ruderico Bermudiz, Alvaro Ruderiz, Fredinando Ruderiz, Didaco Alvariz, Gundisalvo Alvariz, Didaco Gundisalviz, Lope Fortunionis, Fortuno Alvariz, Roderico Didaz, Gundisalvo Didaz" subscribed the charter dated 15 May 1050 under which “Gomessanus...episcopus...cum nepotes meos Simeoni et Gomessano” donated property to San Pedro de Cardeña[429]. "…Nunnu Alvaroz...Didaco Alvariz...Gundisalvo Alvariz…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[430]. “Nunnu Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Roderico Uermudiz” subscribed the charter dated 9 Dec 1050 under which “Beila Monnioz” donated property “in Ualle de Orbanelia in locum...Cardeniola” to San Pedro de Cardeña[431]. It is not certain whether these charters refers to Nuñu Álvarez, husband of Goto, or to Nuñu Álvarez, husband of María Gutiérrez (see below).] [m firstly (before 10 Oct 1046) FLÁMULA ---, daughter of --- (-maybe [20 Oct 1046/29 Oct 1047]). “Nunno Albariz cum conjuge propria Flamula” donated “divisas duas in villa...Kastrello...in alhoze de Lerma” {Castrillo Solarana in the Nebreda valley} to Arlanza by charter dated 10 Oct 1046, witnessed by “Sancio Fredinandiz, Albaro Nunnez, Gundisalvo Nunnez, Didaco Albariz, Fortune Albariz, Nunno Albariz, Fredinando Fredinandiz, Petro Rodriz, Didaco Gunsalviz, Petro Gonsalviz, Gundisalvo Albariz, Fredinando Roderiz, Albaro Roderiz, Fredinando Gunsalviz...”[432]. It is not certain that the donor was the same person who later married Goto, although the chronology appears favorable to this possibility. The presence in the subscription list of “...Fredinando Roderiz, Albaro Roderiz...”, possible nephews of the Nuño Álvarez who later married Goto, appears to corroborate this co-identity. The difficulty of the second “...Nunno Albariz...” in the subscription list, and especially the apparent presence with him of the other three supposed brothers of that Nuño Álvarez who are shown below in the section of the present document which shows the Álvarez family (“...Didaco Albariz, Fortune Albariz, Nunno Albariz...Gundisalvo Albariz...”), also suggests that the donor must have been Nuño Álvarez who later married Goto. If that is correct, Flámula must have died soon after the date of this charter.] m [secondly] GOTO, daughter of --- (-after 29 Oct 1047). “Nunno Alvariz...cum coniuge mea Goto” donated the monastery of Santa María de Cabia to San Pedro de Cardeña by [spurious] charter dated 2 Jul 1047, subscribed by “...Domno Nunno Alvaroz, Didaco Alvaroz, Gundisalvo Alvaroz...”[433]. “Nunu Albariz et uxor mea domna Goto” donated the church of Santa María “in riuulo Kabie iuxta terminos de...Burgos” to San Pedro de Cardeña by charter dated 29 Oct 1047[434]. It is assumed that Nuño Álvarez, brother of Rodrigo Álvarez, was the person who married Goto (although this is not beyond all doubt): the other Nuño Álvarez, shown below, had a brother Munio, while no indication has been found that Rodrigo had a brother of that name.

b) RODRIGO Álvarez (-after 1039). The Historia Roderici records that Rodrigo Álvarez “held the castle of Luna and the provinces of Mormojón, Moradillo, Cellorigo and Curiel”[435]. “...Domno Nunno Albariz...Nunno Albariz, Rodrico Albariz...Guntisalbo Albariz, Furtuni Albariz...Didaco Albariz...” witnessed the charter dated 24 May 1038 under which Fernando I King of Castile granted “castellum...Vierbele” to “Garcia Eneconis”[436]. He subscribed a charter of Fernando I King of Castile in 1039[437]. m TERESA Laínez, sister of NUÑO Laínez of Relias, daughter of ---. The Historia Roderici names “the lady Teresa, the sister of Nuño Laínez of Relias” as the wife of Rodrigo Álvarez[438]. Rodrigo & his wife had [five] children:

i) TERESA Rodríguez . The "Corónicas" Navarras records that "Díac Layniç" married "fija de Roy Díaz Álvariz d'Esturias"[439]. The Historia Roderici records that the mother of Rodrigo Díaz el Campeador was “the daughter of Rodrigo Álvarez…”[440]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Diego Lainez" married "D. Teresa Nuñez"[441]. m DIEGO Laínez, son of LAÍN Núñez & his wife --- (-[1058]).

ii) [FERNANDO Rodríguez (-after 26 Mar 1071). Torres suggests that Álvaro Rodríguez and Fernando Rodríguez, who subscribed several charters of Fernando I King of Castile, may have been sons of Rodrigo Álvarez because “siempre aparecen arropados entre los miembros supervivientes de este linaje de la frontera”[442]. [“...Ferrando Ruderiz, Gudestio Ruderiz...” confirmed the charter dated 1 Jan 1038 under which “domna Urraca” confirmed the monastery of Santa María de Lara to Arlanza[443].] “Fredinando Roderizi et uxor mea domna Fronilde” donated property “in villa de Cogollillos” to Arlanza by charter dated 22 Jun 1046, subscribed by “...Albaro Roderiz...”[444]. “Nunno Albariz cum conjuge propria Flamula” donated “divisas duas in villa...Kastrello...in alhoze de Lerma” {Castrillo Solarana in the Nebreda valley} to Arlanza by charter dated 10 Oct 1046, witnessed by “...Fredinando Roderiz, Albaro Roderiz...”[445]. "...Alvaro Ruderiz, Fredinando Ruderiz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 May 1050 under which “Gomessanus...episcopus...cum nepotes meos Simeoni et Gomessano” donated property to San Pedro de Cardeña[446]. "…Fredinando Rodriz, Alvaro Ruderiz…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[447]. ["…Ferdinando Roderiz, Gudestio Roderiz…" subscribed the charter dated 18 Feb 1053 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monasteries of Población and Tamara[448].] “Nunnu Albaroz” donated "media villa...Bonille in alfoze de Uurgos" to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 14 Nov 1058, subscribed by “...Fredinando Rodriz, Beila Rodriz...Albaro Rodriz...”[449]. "Cometissa domna Onneca, Gomiz Fredenandiz prolis" donated property “in territorio…Borueva in villa…Ecclesiasindenia” to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 10 Nov 1062, confirmed by “…sennor Nunno Alvarez, sennor Roderico Bermudez, sennor Sarracino Hanniz, sennor Didaco Alvarez, sennor Hanni Hanniz, sennor Ordoni Ordoniz, sennor Fredinando Rodriz, sennor Alvaro Rodriz, sennor Eximino Lopiz, sennor Salvator Gondissalviz, sennor Galindo Belasquiz”[450]. “...Fredinando Rodriz..." subscribed the charter dated 26 Mar 1071 under which King Sancho II granted privileges to “Veremundo Sandinez de monasterio Sanctæ Mariæ”[451]. m FRONILDE ---, daughter of ---. “Fredinando Roderizi et uxor mea domna Fronilde” donated property “in villa de Cogollillos” to Arlanza by charter dated 22 Jun 1046, subscribed by “...Albaro Roderiz...”[452].]

iii) [GODESTEO Rodríguez (-after 18 Feb 1053). “...Ferrando Ruderiz, Gudestio Ruderiz...” confirmed the charter dated 1 Jan 1038 under which “domna Urraca” confirmed the monastery of Santa María de Lara to Arlanza[453]. "…Ferdinando Roderiz, Gudestio Roderiz…" subscribed the charter dated 18 Feb 1053 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monasteries of Población and Tamara[454].]

iv) [VELA Rodríguez (-after 14 Nov 1058). “Nunnu Albaroz” donated "media villa...Bonille in alfoze de Uurgos" to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 14 Nov 1058, subscribed by “...Fredinando Rodriz, Beila Rodriz...Albaro Rodriz...”[455]. The proximity of the names in the subscription list suggests that Vela may have been the brother of Fernando Rodríguez.]

v) [ÁLVARO Rodríguez (-after 10 Nov 1062). Torres suggests that Álvaro Rodríguez and Fernando Rodríguez, who subscribed several charters of Fernando I King of Castile, may have been sons of Rodrigo Álvarez because “siempre aparecen arropados entre los miembros supervivientes de este linaje de la frontera”[456]. “Fredinando Roderizi et uxor mea domna Fronilde” donated property “in villa de Cogollillos” to Arlanza by charter dated 22 Jun 1046, subscribed by “...Albaro Roderiz...”[457]. “Nunno Albariz cum conjuge propria Flamula” donated “divisas duas in villa...Kastrello...in alhoze de Lerma” {Castrillo Solarana in the Nebreda valley} to Arlanza by charter dated 10 Oct 1046, witnessed by “...Fredinando Roderiz, Albaro Roderiz...”[458]. "...Alvaro Ruderiz, Fredinando Ruderiz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 May 1050 under which “Gomessanus...episcopus...cum nepotes meos Simeoni et Gomessano” donated property to San Pedro de Cardeña[459]. "…Fredinando Rodriz, Alvaro Ruderiz…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[460]. “Nunnu Albaroz” donated "media villa...Bonille in alfoze de Uurgos" to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 14 Nov 1058, subscribed by “...Fredinando Rodriz, Beila Rodriz...Albaro Rodriz...”[461]. "Cometissa domna Onneca, Gomiz Fredenandiz prolis" donated property “in territorio…Borueva in villa…Ecclesiasindenia” to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 10 Nov 1062, confirmed by “…sennor Nunno Alvarez, sennor Roderico Bermudez, sennor Sarracino Hanniz, sennor Didaco Alvarez, sennor Hanni Hanniz, sennor Ordoni Ordoniz, sennor Fredinando Rodriz, sennor Alvaro Rodriz, sennor Eximino Lopiz, sennor Salvator Gondissalviz, sennor Galindo Belasquiz”[462].]

Chapter 5. FAMILY of GONZALO GARCÍA

GONZALO García, son of GARCÍA [I] Fernández Conde de Castilla & his wife Ava de Ribagorza (-after [27 Feb 1011]). "Garsias Ferdinandez…cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam…nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "Sancio Garsea, Gundisalbo Garsea…"[463]. "Gonzalo García" also witnessed the 12 Feb 1011 document founding the monastery of San Salvador de Oña and the 27 Feb 1011 sale of the Villa of Oca[464], but it is not known whether this was the same person.

m ---. The name of Gonzalo's wife is not known.

Gonzalo & his wife had [three] children:

1. [RODRIGO González (-after 29 Apr 1032). "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña, in exchange giving “kasa de Matarusci” to “domna Munnia et ad Alvaro Munnoz”, by charter dated 29 Apr 1032, subscribed by “Ruderico Gundissalbiz, Ruderico Gudistioz, Nunu Assuriz, Salbator Gundissalbiz, Gundissalbo Petriz, Loppe Oggandariz, Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz”[465]. The common patronymic, and his appearance in the same subscription list with Salvador González, suggests that the two may have been brothers. If that is correct, the relative positions of their names in the list indicates that Rodrigo was older.]

2. [SALVADOR González (-after 10 Nov 1062). Sagredo Fernández suggests that Salvador González was the son of Gonzalo García[466]. Sánchez de Mora suggests that Salvador´s connections with the kingdom of Navarre “permiten sembrar dudas sobre esta hipótesis”[467]. Nevertheless, his connections with San Pedro de Cardeña, closely associated with the family of the Condes de Castilla, do suggest the possibility of the connection. Tenente en Bureba. Salvador González and his brother Munio entered the service of Sancho III King of Navarre[468]. "Didaco Munnioz...cum uxor mea Taresa" donated “in villa...Spinosa in alfoze de Sancta Cruce de Scuarros” to San Pedro de Cardeña, in exchange giving “kasa de Matarusci” to “domna Munnia et ad Alvaro Munnoz”, by charter dated 29 Apr 1032, subscribed by “Ruderico Gundissalbiz, Ruderico Gudistioz, Nunu Assuriz, Salbator Gundissalbiz, Gundissalbo Petriz, Loppe Oggandariz, Nuno Albariz, Gundissalbo Albariz, Fortuni Albariz, Didaco Albariz”[469]. "Salbator Gundissalbiz cum coniuge mea Momadonna" donated “duas villas in villa...Spinosa” to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 1 Jul 1047[470]. "...Nunno Alvariz, Salvator Gundisalviz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 May 1050 under which “Gomessanus...episcopus...cum nepotes meos Simeoni et Gomessano” donated property to San Pedro de Cardeña[471]. "Salbatore Gundisalviz et filiis meis Gundisalvo et Albaro" donated their share "in villa…Mofarebes" to the monastery of San Cosme y Damián y Santa Eufemia by charter dated "sub era MLIII regnante rex Fredinandus" (presumably A. D. 1053)[472]. "Cometissa domna Onneca, Gomiz Fredenandiz prolis" donated property “in territorio…Borueva in villa…Ecclesiasindenia” to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 10 Nov 1062, confirmed by “…sennor Nunno Alvarez, sennor Roderico Bermudez, sennor Sarracino Hanniz, sennor Didaco Alvarez, sennor Hanni Hanniz, sennor Ordoni Ordoniz, sennor Fredinando Rodriz, sennor Alvaro Rodriz, sennor Eximino Lopiz, sennor Salvator Gondissalviz, sennor Galindo Belasquiz”[473]. "Saturninus presbiter et frater meus Salvator Sarraziniz et uxor eius Columba" donated their property to San Millán de la Cogolla by charter 1062, in the presence of “senior Salvator Gondissalvoz et suo filio Gondissalvo Salvadorez...”[474].] m MUNIADOMNA, daughter of --- (-after 1 Jul 1047). "Salbator Gundissalbiz cum coniuge mea Momadonna" donated “duas villas in villa...Spinosa” to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 1 Jul 1047[475]. Salvador & his wife had two children:

a) GONZALO Salvadórez (-killed in battle Rueda 6 Jan [1086]). “...Gundisaluo Salvatoriz...” confirmed the charter dated 1049 under which "Tarasia…cum filiis meis Monnio Godesteiz et Momadonna Godestioz" donated the monasteries of San Justo, Pastor sobre el Pisuerga and San Juan de Valdealmillos to Sahagún[476]. "Salbatore Gundisalviz et filiis meis Gundisalvo et Albaro" donated their share "in villa…Mofarebes" to the monastery of San Cosme y Damián y Santa Eufemia by charter dated "sub era MLIII regnante rex Fredinandus" (presumably A. D. 1053)[477]. He confirmed a donation by Fernando I King of Castile to the monastery of Oña in 1056, together with his father and his paternal uncle Munio González[478]. "Saturninus presbiter et frater meus Salvator Sarraziniz et uxor eius Columba" donated their property to San Millán de la Cogolla by charter 1062, in the presence of “senior Salvator Gondissalvoz et suo filio Gondissalvo Salvadorez...”[479]. He confirmed charters under Sancho I King of Castile. "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", and "doña Tido" for "mis fijos Diego Gonzalez e Martin Gonzalez, que de Gonzalo Perez mi marido ove", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[480]. “...Albaro Salbatoriz...Gundissalbo Saluatoriz...” subscribed the charter dated 8 Feb 1068 under which King Sancho II donated “tres korrales...que fuerunt de meo populatore Annaia Godsandiz in Gulpeliares” to “Scemeno episcopo”[481]. “Munio comes, Gundisalvo Salvatoris, Didaco Alvariz, Didaco Gundisalviz..." subscribed the charter dated 26 Mar 1071 under which King Sancho II granted privileges to “Veremundo Sandinez de monasterio Sanctæ Mariæ”[482]. Conde: "Sancius…princeps" declared the freedom of the people of Lara to undertake pilgrimage to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated to [1073], which names "comes Gonzalvo Salvatorez, qui Laram dominabatur"[483]. "Burgensis dominans, tocius Castelle rex…Sancius" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 18 Jan [1070], subscribed by "…Gonzalvo Salvadorez, Alvaro Salvadorez…"[484]. “Comite Gundissalbo, Albaro Salbatoriz...” subscribed the charter dated 15 Mar 1073 under which "Rodrico Sarraciniz" donated property “in villa...Albillos” to San Pedro de Cardeña[485]. “Gunsaluo Saluatoriz comes...” confirmed the charter dated 7 Aug 1073 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile granted "racione in villa...Uilla Uellaco, territorio Graliare, discurrente flumine Aratoi" to “Uelasco Uelaz et uxori tue Helisabet”[486]. The dating clause of the charter dated 25 Jun 1074, under which “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira...” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera, records “Rege Aldefonso in Legione et comites Gundisalvo Salvadorez et Munno Guntsalvez in Castella”[487]. "…comes Gunzalbu Salvatoriz…Albaro Salvatoriz…" subscribed the charter dated 19 Jul 1074 under which "Ruderigo Didaz" accepted as his wife "Scemena filia Didago ducis de terra Asturiense" and granted property "in territorio Kastelle…in Cavia" to her[488]. “Munnioni comite, Gundissalbo comite, Didaco Gundissalbiz...Gundissalbo Albariz, Albaro Gundissalbiz, Rodrico Diaz” subscribed the charter dated 1 Jun 1079 under which "Maria" donated property “in Aquilare medietatem...monasterio de Sancti Martini...alio monasterio in Aquilare, Sancta Juliana” to San Pedro de Cardeña[489]. "...Gunsaluo Saluatoriz comes...Albarus Saluatoriz..." confirmed the charter dated 14 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI granted freedoms and exemptions to Sahagún[490]. "Adefonsus…tocius Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter darted 1082, confirmed by "…comite Gundissalvo et frater eius Gonzalvo Salvatoris…"[491]. "Senior Veremudus Gutier et uxor mea dompna Gutina" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter darted 1082, confirmed by "…comite Gonzalvo Salvatoriz, frater eius Alvaro Salvatoriz…"[492]. “De aula regie:...Gundisaluo Saluatoriz comes...Albar Saluatoriz” confirmed the charter dated 25 Nov 1085 under which King Alfonso VI granted fueros to the populators of Sahagún[493]. He and his son-in-law were invited by the Moorish holders of the castle of Rueda de Jalón to enter the castle, in the name of Alfonso VI King of Castile and León, but were massacred[494]. The Annales Compostellani record that “Gundisalvus Comes” was killed “apud Rodam” in 1084[495]. m firstly ELVIRA, daughter of [DIEGO Álvarez & his wife ---]. Sánchez de Mora states that Gonzalo Salvadórez married “Elvira, hija de Diego Álvarez” without citing a relevant source which confirms that this is correct[496]. He refers to the charter dated 25 Jun 1074 under which “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira id sunt: dona Godo et dona Tota et dona Moma et Duenna et Garsea et Gudesteus...Ego dona Ticlo et filiis meis vel supradictis nepotis meis” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera[497]. However, “Doña Ticlo” in this document appears to be the same person as "mi tia doña Tido" named by Gonzalo Salvadórez in an undated charter for San Martín de Escalada and who was presumably his maternal aunt, sister of his mother Mumnadomna[498]. This suggestion appears to be confirmed by Tecla referring to Gonzalo´s children as “nepotis meis” in the charter dated 25 Jun 1074, on the assumption that the term should be translated as nephews (or more precisely great-nephews) and not grandchildren in that document. While the charter confirms that Gonzalo´s first wife was named Elvira, it does not confirm that her patronymic was Díaz. Sánchez de Mora also cites a charter dated 1076 for San Millán de la Cogolla under which “sennior Enneco Lopez...Vizcahie comes” donated “villam...Camprovin”, for the soul of “uxoris mee domne Tote”, confirmed by “...comes Gondissalvus, senior Didaco Alvarez...”[499]. The donor´s wife is identified as the daughter of Diego Álvarez and Sánchez de Mora says that she was the sister of Elvira. The subscription by both Conde Gonzalo [Salvadórez] and Diego Álvarez is certainly indicative that he may be correct, but it does not amount to proof of the connection. m secondly SANCHA, daughter of ---. "…Domna Sancia…cum filio suo domno Gomiz" confirmed a charter of the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla dated 1086[500]. Gonzalo & his first wife had six children:

i) GOTO González (-1087 or before). “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira id sunt: dona Godo et dona Tota et dona Moma et Duenna et Garsea et Gudesteus...Ego dona Ticlo et filiis meis vel supradictis nepotis meis” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera by charter dated 25 Jun 1074[501]. "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[502]. Sánchez de Mora suggests that she married Fernando Díaz, relying on the charter dated 1087 under which “Conde Fernando Díaz” donated property, inherited by his wife Goto from her father and her uncle Álvaro Salvadórez, to San Salvador de Oña[503]. [m as his first wife, FERNANDO Díaz, son of DIEGO Fernández & his second wife Cristina Fernández (-[killed in battle Uclés May 1108]).]

ii) TODA González . “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira id sunt: dona Godo et dona Tota et dona Moma et Duenna et Garsea et Gudesteus...Ego dona Ticlo et filiis meis vel supradictis nepotis meis” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera by charter dated 25 Jun 1074[504]. "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[505].

iii) MUNIA González . “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira id sunt: dona Godo et dona Tota et dona Moma et Duenna et Garsea et Gudesteus...Ego dona Ticlo et filiis meis vel supradictis nepotis meis” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera by charter dated 25 Jun 1074[506]. same person as…? MAYOR González . "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[507]. same person as...? MUNIADOMNA [Mayor] González (-after 20 Feb 1097). “Mummadonna cognomento Maior Gunsalviz” donated the monastery of San Pedro de Teverga to Oviedo, “iure perhenni ut ego et vir meus Pelagius Pelagiz et prosapia nostra apud Deum mereamur invenire mercedem copiosam”, by charter dated 20 Feb 1097, confirmed by “...Gundissalvus Pelagiz et eius soror Eldoncia...”[508]. The combination of names “Muniadomna” and Mayor” suggests that the wife of Pelayo Peláez may have been the daughter of Gonzalo Salvadórez who is recorded with both names. This suggestion appears corroborated by the Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris which records that "the Asturian Count Gonzalo Peláez...[and] his kinsman Rodrigo Gómez" rebelled in 1132, that Rodrigo Gómez was captured, stripped of his lordship and banished[509]. If the mother of Gonzalo Peláez was the sister conde Gómez González, Gonzalo Peláez and Rodrigo Gómez would have been first cousins. m PELAYO Peláez, son of PELAYO Froílaz “el Diácono” & his wife Aldonza Ordóñez (-[1092/95]).

iv) DUEÑA González . “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira id sunt: dona Godo et dona Tota et dona Moma et Duenna et Garsea et Gudesteus...Ego dona Ticlo et filiis meis vel supradictis nepotis meis” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera by charter dated 25 Jun 1074[510]. As the undated charter of their father for San Martín de Escalada only names three daughters, presumably either Munia or Dueña predeceased their mother.

v) GARCÍA González . “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira id sunt: dona Godo et dona Tota et dona Moma et Duenna et Garsea et Gudesteus...Ego dona Ticlo et filiis meis vel supradictis nepotis meis” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera by charter dated 25 Jun 1074[511]. "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[512].

vi) GUSTIO González . “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira id sunt: dona Godo et dona Tota et dona Moma et Duenna et Garsea et Gudesteus...Ego dona Ticlo et filiis meis vel supradictis nepotis meis” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera by charter dated 25 Jun 1074[513]. "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[514].

Gonzalo & his second wife had [three] children:

vii) GÓMEZ González (-killed in battle Candespina 26 Oct 1111, bur San Salvador de Oña). "…Domna Sancia…cum filio suo domno Gomiz" confirmed a charter of the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla dated 1086[515]. Conde.

- MANZANEDO.

viii) FERNANDO González (-[1095/6 May 1107]). Sánchez de Mora names “Gómez y Fernando” as the children of Gonzalo Salvadórez by his second wife Sancha[516]. "…Fernandus Guncaluiz, Didacus Guncaluiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1095 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile granted protection to the merchants of Compostela[517]. "Comite Gomez Gonzaluez et uxor mea Urraca cometissa" donated the church of San Miguel "in villa…Busto que fuit de fratre meo Fredinando" to "Michaeli Didaz" by charter dated 6 May 1107, witnessed by "senior Lop Sangyez de Ripa Ota…Gonzaluo Didaz que tenet Petralata…"[518].

ix) [DIEGO González (-after 1095). "…Fernandus Guncaluiz, Didacus Guncaluiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1095 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile granted protection to the merchants of Compostela[519]. The proximity of the names in the subscription list suggests that Fernando and Diego may have been brothers.]

b) ÁLVARO Salvadórez (-after 25 Nov 1085). "Salbatore Gundisalviz et filiis meis Gundisalvo et Albaro" donated their share "in villa…Mofarebes" to the monastery of San Cosme y Damián y Santa Eufemia by charter dated "sub era MLIII regnante rex Fredinandus" (presumably A. D. 1053)[520]. “...Albaro Salbatoriz...Gundissalbo Saluatoriz...” subscribed the charter dated 8 Feb 1068 under which King Sancho II donated “tres korrales...que fuerunt de meo populatore Annaia Godsandiz in Gulpeliares” to “Scemeno episcopo”[521]. "Burgensis dominans, tocius Castelle rex…Sancius" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 18 Jan [1070], subscribed by "…Gonzalvo Salvadorez, Alvaro Salvadorez…"[522]. “...Alvaro Salvatoriz..." subscribed the charter dated 26 Mar 1071 under which King Sancho II granted privileges to “Veremundo Sandinez de monasterio Sanctæ Mariæ”[523]. “...Han Hanniz..." subscribed the charter dated 26 Mar 1071 under which King Sancho II granted privileges to “Veremundo Sandinez de monasterio Sanctæ Mariæ”[524]. "…Alvaro Salvatoriz et uxor mea Iuliana…" confirmed the monastery of Santa María by charter dated 27 May 1072[525]. "…comes Gunzalbu Salvatoriz…Albaro Salvatoriz…" subscribed the charter dated 19 Jul 1074 under which "Ruderigo Didaz" accepted as his wife "Scemena filia Didago ducis de terra Asturiense" and granted property "in territorio Kastelle…in Cavia" to her[526]. “Comite Gundissalbo, Albaro Salbatoriz...” subscribed the charter dated 15 Mar 1073 under which "Rodrico Sarraciniz" donated property “in villa...Albillos” to San Pedro de Cardeña[527]. "...Gunsaluo Saluatoriz comes...Albarus Saluatoriz..." confirmed the charter dated 14 May 1080 under which King Alfonso VI granted freedoms and exemptions to Sahagún[528]. "Adefonsus…tocius Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1082, confirmed by "…comite Gundissalvo et frater eius Gonzalvo Salvatoris…"[529], the latter presumably being an error for Álvaro. "Senior Veremudus Gutier et uxor mea dompna Gutina" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter darted 1082, confirmed by "…comite Gonzalvo Salvatoriz, frater eius Alvaro Salvatoriz…"[530]. “De aula regie:...Gundisaluo Saluatoriz comes...Albar Saluatoriz” confirmed the charter dated 25 Nov 1085 under which King Alfonso VI granted fueros to the populators of Sahagún[531]. m JULIANA, daughter of … (-after 27 May 1072). "…Alvaro Salvatoriz et uxor mea Iuliana…" confirmed the monastery of Santa María by charter dated 27 May 1072[532].

3. [MUNIO González ). Gonzalo Salvadórez and his brother Munio entered the service of Sancho III King of Navarre[533].] [same person as...? MUNIO González (-after 1047). Torres suggests that Munio González in Álava was the same person as Munio González, brother of Salvador González[534]. If correct, this would mean that the entries quoted in this section applied to two different persons named Munio González (the chronology suggests that the González brothers were still young adults in the late 1020s/early 1030s). However, the entries in question when read together provide a coherent career pattern of a single person. Señor en Álava. Conde. "Senior Garsea Fortunionis…cum consortia mea domna Tota" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1 Apr 1013, signed by "…comes Monio Gonzalvez Alavensis…"[535]. "Sancio rex…cum coniuge mea Mumadonna regina" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 13 Apr 1030, confirmed by "…Munnio Gundissalviz comite…"[536]. "Sancius…Ispaniarum rex" reformed the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 14 May 1030, confirmed by "…consul Munio Gundissalvi…"[537]. “…Domno Munio Guldesalbiz de Alaba…” and “…comite Munio Gundisaluiz…” subscribed charters dated 1042, 13 Aug 1043 and 1047 for Leire monastery[538].] [same person as...? MUNIO González (-after 1082). Sánchez de Mora suggests the co-identity between Munio González, brother of Salvador González, and Munio González who is named between 1068 and 1082 is more likely than his co-identity with Munio González in Álava[539]. A connection between Munio González (died after 1082) and the Salvadórez family is suggested by the charter dated 7 Mar 1103 under which [his son] “Roderico Monioz et uxor mea Tarasia” exchanged “hereditates...in villa Orennia...extra illa tertia parte que es del comite Gomez Guntesalvez” with Santillana del Mar[540]. This document deals with jointly owned property, and if Sánchez de Mora is correct, Conde Gómez González who would have been Munio´s nephew. However, the hypothesis presents difficulties. Firstly, the apparent silence in the sources relating to the same person between [1030] and 1068 is difficult to explain. Secondly, the chronology of the descendants of Munio González (died after 1082) would more reasonably place them in the generation which followed Conde Gómez González, rather than as his first cousins. Thirdly, Munio González (died after 1082) had three possible brothers, who would be difficult to place as brothers of Salvador González. "...Didaco Gundisaluiz, Munio Gundisaluiz..." subscribed the charter dated 18 Mar 1068 under which Sancho II King of Castile restored the see of Oca[541]. Conde: “Munio comes, Gundisalvo Salvatoris, Didaco Alvariz, Didaco Gundisalviz..." subscribed the charter dated 26 Mar 1071 under which King Sancho II granted privileges to “Veremundo Sandinez de monasterio Sanctæ Mariæ”[542]. Conde Munio, governing “in Uiesgo et Asturias atque Mena”, donated the monastery of San Julián de Ovilla and other churches to Salvador de Oña by charter dated 1082[543].]

[Two probable sisters. It appears likely, from the charter quoted below, that their family founded San Martín de Escalada. Sánchez de Mora suggests that Muniadomna, wife of Salvador González, was related to the Álvarez family (see Part B. of the present chapter)[544]. This would certainly provide one explanation for all the connections between the two families which are evident from charter evidence and are discussed in more detail in Part B.]

1. MUNIADOMNA (-after 1 Jul 1047). "Salbator Gundissalbiz cum coniuge mea Momadonna" donated “duas villas in villa...Spinosa” to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 1 Jul 1047[545]. m SALVADOR González, son of GONZALO García & his wife --- (-after 1053).

2. [TECLA [Ticlo/Tido] (-after 25 Jun 1074). "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", and "doña Tido" for "mis fijos Diego Gonzalez e Martin Gonzalez, que de Gonzalo Perez mi marido ove", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[546]. It is likely that Tido [presumably the same person as Tecla/Ticlo named in the following charter] was the maternal aunt of Gonzalo Salvadórez, both parties participating in the charter as representatives of his mother´s family. “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira id sunt: dona Godo et dona Tota et dona Moma et Duenna et Garsea et Gudesteus...Ego dona Ticlo et filiis meis vel supradictis nepotis meis” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera by charter dated 25 Jun 1074[547].] m GONZALO Pérez, son of ---. Gonzalo & his wife had two children:

a) DIEGO González (-after 25 Nov 1085). "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", and "doña Tido" for "mis fijos Diego Gonzalez e Martin Gonzalez, que de Gonzalo Perez mi marido ove", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[548]. “Doña Ticlo et Didagus Goncalvez...et filii Gonçalvo Salvadorez et dona Elvira id sunt: dona Godo et dona Tota et dona Moma et Duenna et Garsea et Gudesteus...Ego dona Ticlo et filiis meis vel supradictis nepotis meis” donated “portione de...salinas de Ferrerola...tres partes” to Valvanera by charter dated 25 Jun 1074[549]. “De aula regie:...Didacus Gunçaluiz...Didacus Gunçaluiz...” confirmed the charter dated 25 Nov 1085 under which King Alfonso VI granted fueros to the populators of Sahagún[550].

b) MARTÍN González . "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", and "doña Tido" for "mis fijos Diego Gonzalez e Martin Gonzalez, que de Gonzalo Perez mi marido ove", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[551].

1. LOPE López . "…Lope Lopez, Garci Lopez, Elvira Lopez, Laubla Lopez, Sancha Lopez…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[552]. It is likely that all five subscribers with the patronymic "López" were related to Gonzalo Salvadórez.

2. GARCÍA López . "…Lope Lopez, Garci Lopez, Elvira Lopez, Laubla Lopez, Sancha Lopez…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[553]. It is likely that all five subscribers with the patronymic "López" were related to Gonzalo Salvadórez.

3. ELVIRA López . "…Lope Lopez, Garci Lopez, Elvira Lopez, Laubla Lopez, Sancha Lopez…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[554]. It is likely that all five subscribers with the patronymic "López" were related to Gonzalo Salvadórez.

4. LAUBLA López . "…Lope Lopez, Garci Lopez, Elvira Lopez, Laubla Lopez, Sancha Lopez…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[555]. It is likely that all five subscribers with the patronymic "López" were related to Gonzalo Salvadórez.

5. SANCHA López . "…Lope Lopez, Garci Lopez, Elvira Lopez, Laubla Lopez, Sancha Lopez…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[556]. It is likely that all five subscribers with the patronymic "López" were related to Gonzalo Salvadórez.

Chapter 6. LIÉBANA

1. MUNIO (-before 929). m GULATRUDIA, daughter of ---. She and her five children are named in the 929 document of Silo who sold them his share in the inheritance of his nephew Munio[557]. Munio & his wife had five children:

a) DIEGO Muñoz (-964 or after). He is named in Liébana for the last time in 964[558], which according to Torres indicates that this is not the same person as Diego Muñoz Conde de Saldaña who died in [951]. m ALDENA, daughter of ---.

b) VISTRILLI .

c) BAUDILIO .

d) TEDEGONZIA .

e) RELEFREDA .

2. PEDRO González . “...Petro Gundisaluiz...” confirmed the charter dated 1049 under which "Tarasia…cum filiis meis Monnio Godesteiz et Momadonna Godestioz" donated the monasteries of San Justo, Pastor sobre el Pisuerga and San Juan de Valdealmillos to Sahagún[559]. "Fronildi prolem Pelagii" donated "monasterios…de Uerga…Sancti Iohannis…in ripa fluvii Estole partem terciam que fuit de avio meo Fredenando Veremudiz et in Sauero…Sancti Felicis" to León Cathedral by charter dated 1058, confirmed by "Flaino Fredenandiz comes, Martino Flaginiz, Didaco Petriz, Petro Romaniz…Petrus Gundisaluiz"[560]. Conde. Alférez of Fernando I King of Castile 26 Nov 1058 to 20 Apr 1062. Conde in Liébana from 1062. "…Petrus Gunzaluiz comes…" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jun 1066 under which "Urraca Fredenandi principis filia" donated property "in valle de vice territorio Portugale" to Santiago de Compostela[561].

Chapter 7. FAMILY of MUNIO DÍAZ

Details of the ancestry of the mother of Pedro Díaz de Valle can be reconstructed from the 1089 document of his parents, recorded at the monastery of Sahagún, together with an earlier document of 1059. Through his maternal grandmother, Pedro was related to the Beni Gómez family, which must have been one of the elements which contributed to the family's prestige.

MUNIO Díaz, son of DIEGO --- & his wife --- . King Vermudo III exchanged “villa Lapeto qui fuit de abia mea regina domna Velasquita” with “comes Pelagio Froilaz et uxor vestra comitissa Ildontia Ordoniz” for “villa...Framilani que fuit de Monnio Didaz...in territorio Asma prope domo Sancto Iuliano” by charter dated 4 Oct 1032[562]. The reference to “domo Sancto Iuliano” suggests that the property in question was in Santillana del Mar and therefore that “Monnio Didaz” was the same person as Munio Díaz who married Elvira and whose family is shown below. “...Munio Didaci” confirmed the charter dated 25 Jun 934 under which King Ramiro II donated "locum...Apeliare super ripam...Torio" to the monastery of San Cosme and San Damián[563].

m ELVIRA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 18 Jan 1017 under which [her daughter] “Donna Monia Donna...filia de Monnio Didaz et Donna Gelvira” donated “ecclesia Sancti Iacobi...in valle Egunna in locum...Caçarone” to Santillana del Mar, for the soul of “viro meo Nunno Gutierrez”[564].

Munio & his wife had [five] children:

1. [SANCHO Muñoz (-[before 1 Sep 986]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1 Sep 986 under which his son-in-law "Osorio Didaci" donated property to Sahagún naming "Tegridia genetrix Osorio Didaci…uxor Osorio Didaci dive memorie Sanzie filie Sanctionis et Ildonze…Munnio Didaci abio uxoris Osorio Didaci"[565]. However, it is not certain that Sancho Muñoz was the son of the same Munio Diaz who is shown above. The death of his daughter before 986 suggests that she may not have been of the same generation as her supposed cousins, children of Rodrigo Muñoz, but on the other hand nothing is known of her age when she died.] m ILDONZA Fróilaz, daughter of FRUELA Gutiérrez & his wife Flámula --- (-[before 1 Sep 986]). King Vermudo II donated property to Celanova by charter dated 1 Sep 996 which names “Froila Gutterriz et uxor eius Flamule” and their successor and child “Ildontie” who left “filiam Santia” who married “Osorius Didaci” who rebelled against the king and whose property was donated[566]. "Osorio Didaci" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 1 Sep 986, which names "Tegridia genetrix Osorio Didaci…uxor Osorio Didaci dive memorie Sanzie filie Sanctionis et Ildonze…Munnio Didaci abio uxoris Osorio Didaci"[567]. Sancho & his wife had one child:

a) SANCHA Sánchez (-before 5 Dec 986). King Vermudo II donated property to Celanova by charter dated 1 Sep 996 which names “Froila Gutterriz et uxor eius Flamule” and their successor and child “Ildontie” who left “filiam Santia” who married “Osorius Didaci” who rebelled against the king and whose property was donated[568]. "Osorio Didaci" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 1 Sep 986, which names "Tegridia genetrix Osorio Didaci…uxor Osorio Didaci dive memorie Sanzie filie Sanctionis et Ildonze…Munnio Didaci abio uxoris Osorio Didaci"[569]. m OSORIO Díaz de Saldaña, son of conde DIEGO Muñoz & his wife Tegridia --- ([930]-after 5 Dec 986).

2. [ROMÁN [Muñoz] . The source which confirms his patronymic has not been identified and his parentage is not known precisely. The connections between his children and Santillana del Mar suggest that he may have been another son of Munio Díaz.] m ARGILO Rodánez, daughter of RODANO --- & his wife Fronilde Fernández. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 26 Feb 1026 under which [her daughters] “Sendina et Iuliana et Xemena...patre nostro Romano et matre nostra Argylo” donated “terra...in castello...Misileo...abuit de abio suo comite dopno Rodanio” to Santillana del Mar[570]. Román & his wife had [four] children:

a) [RODANO Románez (-after 5 May 987). “Bermudo Rodric, Rodanio Romaiz, Didaco Asuriz, Domna Fronildi, Domna Otrocia, Osoyro Ermegidiz, Albaro Albariz, Fredenando Armentariz, Teillu Rodriz, Froila Assuriz, Munio Didaz, Teillu Veilaz, Gomiz Gotiniz...” confirmed the charter dated 5 May 987 under which “Garcia Fredenandiz comes et donna Aba cometissa” donated property to Santillana del Mar[571]. His precise parentage has not been confirmed. However, his name does suggest that a close connection with Conde Rodano and his patronymic with the sisters Sendina, Juliana and Jimena.]

b) SENDINA Románez (-after 26 Feb 1026). “Donna Sendina” donated “casas de Felecta...de Loisa quem abeo de mea dote...que viro meo Didacomizi dedi” to Santillana del Mar, for the soul of “mee et de viro meo Didaco”, by charter dated 22 Feb 1019[572]. “Donna Sendina” donated “vinea...in territorio Levanense [Liébana] in villa...Casiellas super iter quod pergit ad Frania iusta vinia de filios de Donna Goto...” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 16 Nov 1021[573]. “Sendina et Iuliana et Xemena...patre nostro Romano et matre nostra Argylo” donated “terra...in castello...Misileo...abuit de abio suo comite dopno Rodanio” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 26 Feb 1026[574]. m DIEGO ---, son of --- (-[22 Feb 1019/16 Nov 1021]).

c) JULIANA Románez . “Sendina et Iuliana et Xemena...patre nostro Romano et matre nostra Argylo” donated “terra...in castello...Misileo...abuit de abio suo comite dopno Rodanio” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 26 Feb 1026[575].

d) JIMENA Románez . “Sendina et Iuliana et Xemena...patre nostro Romano et matre nostra Argylo” donated “terra...in castello...Misileo...abuit de abio suo comite dopno Rodanio” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 26 Feb 1026[576].

3. RODRIGO Muñoz (-after 24 May 1030). “Roderico Munioz...cum uxore mea donna Iusta” donated “terras que abemus de parentes vel de abos nostros...una in Arceda iusta termino de Sona et alium...in flumine Salia et...alia...in Cubilas” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 1 Dec 1020[577].

- see below.

4. MUNIADOMNA Muñoz (-after [1038/56]). “Donna Monia Donna...filia de Monnio Didaz et Donna Gelvira” donated “ecclesia Sancti Iacobi...in valle Egunna in locum...Caçarone” to Santillana del Mar, for the soul of “viro meo Nunno Gutierrez”, by charter dated 18 Jan 1017[578]. She became a nun at Santillana in 1017[579]. [“Doña Moniadonna” donated property “en el lugar de Navamuelle y en Leu” to Santillana del Mar, for the soul of “su sobrino Gutierre”, by charter dated to [1038/56][580].] m NUÑO Gutiérrez, son of GUTIERRE Rodánez & his wife --- (-before 1017).

5. [VELA Muñoz (-after 9 Sep 1025). His parentage is not known precisely. His connections with Santillana del Mar suggest that he may have been another son of Munio Díaz. “Adefonsus prolix Didacus sive coniuge mee...Maria...aut filiis nostris” donated “vinia...in territorio Levanense” [Liébana] to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 16 Nov 1021, witnessed by “...abatisa Fronildi, Veila Munioz, Vermidus Braoliz, Tercia de Maiordomum, Fredinandus Vermudiz, Velliti Martiniz, Ordudus Frenandez...”[581]. “Donna Eylo” donated “casas cum sua ecclesia...in villa Egollo in territorio de Camargo”, bought from “Omeccho Monioz”, to Santillana del Mar, for the souls of “me quam etiam de viro meo Vellidi Monioz”, by charter dated 9 Sep 1025[582]. m EILO, daughter of --- (-after 9 Sep 1025). “Donna Eylo” donated “casas cum sua ecclesia...in villa Egollo in territorio de Camargo”, bought from “Omeccho Monioz”, to Santillana del Mar, for the souls of “me quam etiam de viro meo Vellidi Monioz”, by charter dated 9 Sep 1025[583].]

6. [OVECO Muñoz (-after 9 Sep 1025). His parentage is not known precisely. His connections with Santillana del Mar suggest that he may have been another son of Munio Díaz. “Donna Eylo” donated “casasa cum sua ecclesia...in villa Egollo in territorio de Camargo”, bought from “Omeccho Monioz”, to Santillana del Mar, for the souls of “me quam etiam de viro meo Vellidi Monioz”, by charter dated 9 Sep 1025[584].]

[Three possible siblings]. Their parents have not been identified, but the connection with the monastery of Santillana del Mar suggests a relationship with the family of Munio Díaz (although the chronology indicates that they could not have been his siblings). A relationship is also possible between Alfonso Díaz and the condes de Saldaña as Alfonso appears in numerous documents of the Beni Gómez family. The two families also shared interests in the same properties over the years[585].

1. ALFONSO Díaz (-[8 Nov 1024/24 Feb 1028]). “...Afonso Diaz...” confirmed the charter dated 15 May 984 under which "Garcia Gomez conde" donated his share of property "quam habeo de avorum parentumque meorum in villa…Calzatella in territorio de Carrione, in valle de Quoza" to Sahagún[586].

- GIRÓN: the “ALFONSO” FAMILY.

2. [SANCHA Díaz (-after [1031]). “Petro Gontsalviz et uxor mea Sancia Didaz” donated “forca de Trecenio usque in Sauinnane...illo solare de Bovalle” to Santillana del Mar by undated charter, which also records the same donation made by “Vita Vermudiz cum filios meos Guter Fernandez et Michael Fernandez et Maria Fernandez” stating that the donor had bought the land “cum viro meo Fernando Diaz”[587]. This charter is dated to [1031] in Regestalia[588]. m PEDRO González, son of GONZALO & his wife --- (-after 12 Jul [1047]). “Petro Guntsalbiz...cum fratres meos Assur Reguntsalbiz et Munio Guntsalbit” donated “casas de Ckaoprices” [Caobreces] to Santillana del Mar, for the soul of “viro meo Nunno Gutierrez”, by charter dated 12 Jun [1030/58][589].]

3. [FERNANDO Díaz (-before [1031]). The shared property in the following charter shows that Fernando Díaz was most likely the brother of Sancha Díaz, but no source has been found which confirms that they were siblings of Alfonso Díaz. “Petro Gontsalviz et uxor mea Sancia Didaz” donated “forca de Trecenio usque in Sauinnane...illo solare de Bovalle” to Santillana del Mar by undated charter, which also records the same donation made by “Vita Vermudiz cum filios meos Guter Fernandez et Michael Fernandez et Maria Fernandez” stating that the donor had bought the land “cum viro meo Fernando Diaz”[590]. This charter is dated to [1031] in Regestalia[591].] m VITA Vermúdez, daughter of VERMUDO --- & his wife --- (-after [1031]). “Petro Gontsalviz et uxor mea Sancia Didaz” donated “forca de Trecenio usque in Sauinnane...illo solare de Bovalle” to Santillana del Mar by undated charter, which also records the same donation made by “Vita Vermudiz cum filios meos Guter Fernandez et Michael Fernandez et Maria Fernandez” stating that the donor had bought the land “cum viro meo Fernando Diaz”[592]. This charter is dated to [1031] in Regestalia[593]. Fernando & his wife had three children:

a) GUTIERRE Fernández . “Petro Gontsalviz et uxor mea Sancia Didaz” donated “forca de Trecenio usque in Sauinnane...illo solare de Bovalle” to Santillana del Mar by undated charter, which also records the same donation made by “Vita Vermudiz cum filios meos Guter Fernandez et Michael Fernandez et Maria Fernandez” stating that the donor had bought the land “cum viro meo Fernando Diaz”[594]. This charter is dated to [1031] in Regestalia[595].

b) MIGUEL Fernández . “Petro Gontsalviz et uxor mea Sancia Didaz” donated “forca de Trecenio usque in Sauinnane...illo solare de Bovalle” to Santillana del Mar by undated charter, which also records the same donation made by “Vita Vermudiz cum filios meos Guter Fernandez et Michael Fernandez et Maria Fernandez” stating that the donor had bought the land “cum viro meo Fernando Diaz”[596]. This charter is dated to [1031] in Regestalia[597].

c) MARÍA Fernández . “Petro Gontsalviz et uxor mea Sancia Didaz” donated “forca de Trecenio usque in Sauinnane...illo solare de Bovalle” to Santillana del Mar by undated charter, which also records the same donation made by “Vita Vermudiz cum filios meos Guter Fernandez et Michael Fernandez et Maria Fernandez” stating that the donor had bought the land “cum viro meo Fernando Diaz”[598]. This charter is dated to [1031] in Regestalia[599].

1. GONZALO . m ---. Gonzalo & his wife had one child:

a) PEDRO González (-after 12 Jul [1047]). “Petro Guntsalbiz...cum fratres meos Assur Reguntsalbiz et Munio Guntsalbit” donated “casas de Ckaoprices” [Caobreces] to Santillana del Mar, for the soul of “viro meo Nunno Gutierrez”, by charter dated 12 Jun [1030/58][600]. “Petro Gontsalviz et uxor mea Sancia Didaz” donated “forca de Trecenio usque in Sauinnane...illo solare de Bovalle” to Santillana del Mar by undated charter, which also records the same donation made by “Vita Vermudiz cum filios meos Guter Fernandez et Michael Fernandez et Maria Fernandez” stating that the donor had bought the land “cum viro meo Fernando Diaz”[601]. This charter is dated to [1031] in Regestalia[602]. m SANCHA Díaz, daughter of (-after [1031]). “Petro Gontsalviz et uxor mea Sancia Didaz” donated “forca de Trecenio usque in Sauinnane...illo solare de Bovalle” to Santillana del Mar by undated charter, which also records the same donation made by “Vita Vermudiz cum filios meos Guter Fernandez et Michael Fernandez et Maria Fernandez” stating that the donor had bought the land “cum viro meo Fernando Diaz”[603]. This charter is dated to [1031] in Regestalia[604].

1. GODISTEO . m ---. Gutierre & his wife had one child:

a) GONZALO Godistéez . “Gundisalvo Godestioz” donated “solare in Alfoce in Cabeçone...in villa...Caobreçes” [Caobreces] to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 6 Jul 1122, witnessed by “Citi Velliti”[605].

RODRIGO Muñoz, son of MUNIO Díaz & his wife Elvira --- (-after 24 May 1030). “Roderico Munioz...cum uxore mea donna Iusta” donated “terras que abemus de parentes vel de abos nostros...una in Arceda iusta termino de Sona et alium...in flumine Salia et...alia...in Cubilas” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 1 Dec 1020[606]. He was judge in the region of la Montaña between 1020 and 1028. “Roderico Munioz et uxor mea Iusta” donated “propria nostra...in Bareta per terminu de Sancta Iulia...usque in flumine Salia” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 1 Dec 1021[607]. He subscribed a 29 Sep 1028 document of the monastery of Cardeña[608]. Vermudo III King of León granted property to "Monio" by charter dated 24 May 1030, subscribed by "comes Velasco Almeiuce, comes Pelagyo Froilaz, Petro Flaginiz, Rodorigo Muniuz qui armiger regis, Fafila Petriz pincerna yn palacio, Anagin Veremudiz…"[609].

m JUSTA, daughter of ---. “Roderico Munioz...cum uxore mea donna Iusta” donated “terras que abemus de parentes vel de abos nostros...una in Arceda iusta termino de Sona et alium...in flumine Salia et...alia...in Cubilas” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 1 Dec 1020[610]. “Roderico Munioz et uxor mea Iusta” donated “propria nostra...in Bareta per terminu de Sancta Iulia...usque in flumine Salia” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 1 Dec 1021[611]. A possible clue to her parentage is provided by the charter dated 28 Sep 1029 under which [her son] "Munio Ruderiquiz" donated "quinta de meas villas…Kazanoquos […fuit…de tio meo Fredenando Nunniz…in territorio Astoricense] et Roperolos…in valle Sancta Maria" to the monastery of San Miguel de la Vega de León[612]. "Fredenando Nunniz" has not otherwise been traced. It is possible that he was Munio´s maternal uncle.

Rodrigo & his wife had one child:

1. MUNIO Rodríguez (-after 28 Sep 1029). "Munnio Roderiquiz…cum coniuge mea Razel" donated the monastery of Santiago y San Miguel Arcángel, León and other properties, including "la villa de Mansilla Mayor…fuit…de genitore meo Ruderigo Muniz", to León Cathedral by charter dated 12 Nov 1012, witnessed by "…Munnio Ruderiquiz dux, Munnio Munniz, Pinniolo Scemeniz, Fredenando Flainiz, Petro Froilaz, Petro Flainiz"[613]. He subscribed [his paternal aunt] Muniadonna's 18 Jan 1017 at Santillana[614]. Alfonso V King of León granted property to "Sarracini Ariani" by charter dated 17 May 1018, subscribed by "Vegila Ennegoniz, Munniu Roderici, Fredinando Flaginiz, Munnio Munioni, Munnio Ruderici, Pelagius Froylani armiger reg[is], Albarus Ordonii, Nebocianus Vegiliz, Petrus Munnioni, Iohanni Munnioni"[615]. Alfonso V King of León granted property at Villaturiel to "fidelem et notarius meus Sampirus presbiter" by charter dated 13 Nov 1023, subscribed by "…Ordonius prolis Ueremundi principis, Munius Ruderiquiz, Rudericus Velaz, Petro Flainiz, Arias Pinnioliz diaconus…Muniu Munneonis, Fredenando Flainiz, Petro Fernandiz, Petro Feroilaz"[616]. Conde 1025. He was one of the assassins of García Sánchez Conde de Castilla in May 1029[617]. "Munio Ruderiquiz" donated "quinta de meas villas…Kazanoquos […fuit…de tio meo Fredenando Nunniz…in territorio Astoricense] et Roperolos…in valle Sancta Maria" to the monastery of San Miguel de la Vega de León by charter dated 28 Sep 1029[618]. A charter dated 26 Feb 1052 records "hereditate de illo comite Monio Rodriguez et de illa comitissa dona Adusenda que testavit illo comite Santio Gemeniz et illa comitissa donna Maria"[619]. m ADOSINDA "Razel", daughter of ---. "Munnio Roderiquiz…cum coniuge mea Razel" donated the monastery of Santiago y San Miguel Arcángel, León and other properties, including "la villa de Mansilla Mayor…fuit…de genitore meo Ruderigo Muniz", to León Cathedral by charter dated 12 Nov 1012[620]. A charter dated 26 Feb 1052 records "hereditate de illo comite Monio Rodriguez et de illa comitissa dona Adusenda que testavit illo comite Santio Gemeniz et illa comitissa donna Maria"[621]. Munio & his wife had three children:

a) FERNANDO Muñoz (-after 1 May 1043). [“...Fernando Munnuz de Illas Mattas...” subscribed the charter dated 4 Oct 1032 under which King Vermudo III exchanged “villa Lapeto qui fuit de abia mea regina domna Velasquita” with “comes Pelagio Froilaz et uxor vestra comitissa Ildontia Ordoniz” for “villa...Framilani que fuit de Monnio Didaz...in territorio Asma prope domon Sancto Iuliano”[622].] Conde [en Toro]. “...Fernando Moniuz comes...” subscribed the charter dated 17 Feb 1035 under which King Vermudo III recognised the church of Palencia and made donations[623]. "Omaiube et filias meas…" donated "Uilla Nugales…media" to "Oueko Monniuz et uxor uestra Marina Uimaraz" by charter dated 29 Jun 1039, the dating clause of which records "commes Fredendandus prolix Monneoni"[624]. The dating clause of a charter dated 5 Mar 1040, which records that "Vimarano clerico" donated property to the monastery of San Salvador, states “comite magnus Fredenandus Moniuz in Toro et...Obecco Moniuz in Otero de Sellas”[625]. The dating clause of a charter dated 1 Sep 1040, which records that "domna Tarasia…cum neptis meis Obecco et Rodrigo" donated "Sancti Saluatoris…ecclesie…in monte Tarsa", records "Fredinando Mununzi comis in Astoriga"[626]. "Comes Fredenandus Munneoni et uxor eius comitissa domna Maria" exchanged "ereditates que abemus ex parentibus nostris vel abibus in territorio urbe Tauro, sive de comparationes que emit genitori nostro et genitrix nostra comes Munneu Ruderici et comitessa domna Adosinda in Ualle de Uilla Ceiddi" with "domna Marina et filiis tuis", in return for "Uilla Tirso", by charter dated 1 May 1043[627]. m MARÍA ---, daughter of ---. "Comes Fredenandus Munneoni et uxor eius comitissa domna Maria" exchanged "ereditates que abemus ex parentibus nostris vel abibus in territorio urbe Tauro, sive de comparationes que emit genitori nostro et genitrix nostra comes Munneu Ruderici et comitessa domna Adosinda in Ualle de Uilla Ceiddi" with "domna Marina et filiis tuis", in return for "Uilla Tirso", by charter dated 1 May 1043[628]. Fernando & his wife had four children:

i) MUNIO Fernández . "Prolis eius Munneu Fredenandiz et Roderici Fredenandiz similiter et Petro Fredenandiz et Adosinda Fredenandiz" subscribed the charter dated 1 May 1043 under which "Comes Fredenandus Munneoni et uxor eius comitissa domna Maria" exchanged "ereditates que abemus ex parentibus nostris vel abibus in territorio urbe Tauro…" with "domna Marina et filiis tuis", in return for "Uilla Tirso"[629].

ii) RODRIGO Fernández . "Prolis eius Munneu Fredenandiz et Roderici Fredenandiz similiter et Petro Fredenandiz et Adosinda Fredenandiz" subscribed the charter dated 1 May 1043 under which "Comes Fredenandus Munneoni et uxor eius comitissa domna Maria" exchanged "ereditates que abemus ex parentibus nostris vel abibus in territorio urbe Tauro…" with "domna Marina et filiis tuis", in return for "Uilla Tirso"[630].

iii) PEDRO Fernández . "Prolis eius Munneu Fredenandiz et Roderici Fredenandiz similiter et Petro Fredenandiz et Adosinda Fredenandiz" subscribed the charter dated 1 May 1043 under which "Comes Fredenandus Munneoni et uxor eius comitissa domna Maria" exchanged "ereditates que abemus ex parentibus nostris vel abibus in territorio urbe Tauro…" with "domna Marina et filiis tuis", in return for "Uilla Tirso"[631].

iv) ADOSINDA Fernández . "Prolis eius Munneu Fredenandiz et Roderici Fredenandiz similiter et Petro Fredenandiz et Adosinda Fredenandiz" subscribed the charter dated 1 May 1043 under which "Comes Fredenandus Munneoni et uxor eius comitissa domna Maria" exchanged "ereditates que abemus ex parentibus nostris vel abibus in territorio urbe Tauro…" with "domna Marina et filiis tuis", in return for "Uilla Tirso"[632].

b) OVECO Muñoz (-[16 Sep 1042/1 May 1043]). "Fronili cognomento Ouruelitu prolis Ouequiz" settled a dispute with "pater meo Oueco Moniz et coniungis eius Marina Uimaraz" concerning "pars…ereditatis que sunt de pater nostro Oueco Moniz, et queria…facere a sua mulier domna Marina" by charter dated 7 Apr 1029[633]. "Omaiube et filias meas…" donated "Uilla Nugales…media" to "Oueko Monniuz et uxor uestra Marina Uimaraz" by charter dated 29 Jun 1039, the dating clause of which records "commes Fredendandus prolix Monneoni"[634]. The dating clause of a charter dated 5 Mar 1040, which records that "Vimarano clerico" donated property to the monastery of San Salvador, states “comite magnus Fredenandus Moniuz in Toro et...Obecco Moniuz in Otero de Sellas”[635]. "Ouekeus Munniuz et coniux mea Marina…cum filiis nostris Ueremudo Ouekiz, Petro Ouekiz et Ieluira et Exemena et Fronili" donated "hereditatem…de comisso de Rio Sicco" to "monasterium de Sancti Salvadoris de Villacete in territorio Campo de Tauro secus monte Taraza in Rio Sicco" by charter dated 17 Sep 1042[636]. [m firstly ---. The name of Oveco´s first wife is not known, but the marriage is indicated by the charter dated 7 Apr 1029 quoted below the wording of which suggests that Oveco´s known wife Marina was not the mother of his daughter Fronilda. However, another charter dated 17 Sep 1042 names Fronilda among "Ouekus Munniuz et coniux mea Marina…filiis nostris…et Fronili" (see above), which if correct makes the wording of the 7 Apr 1029 rather puzzling unless Oveco had two daughters named Fronilda, the older of whom died before the younger was born.] m [secondly] (before 7 Apr 1029) MARINA Vímaraz, daughter of --- (-after 18 Jan 1044). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 7 Apr 1029 under which "Fronili cognomento Ouruelitu prolis Ouequiz" settled a dispute with "pater meo Oueco Moniz et coniungis eius Marina Uimaraz" concerning "pars…ereditatis que sunt de pater nostro Oueco Moniz, et queria…facere a sua mulier domna Marina"[637]. "Omaiube et filias meas…" donated "Uilla Nugales…media" to "Oueko Monniuz et uxor uestra Marina Uimaraz" by charter dated 29 Jun 1039[638]. "Ouekeus Munniuz et coniux mea Marina…cum filiis nostris Ueremudo Ouekiz, Petro Ouekiz et Ieluira et Exemena et Fronili" donated "hereditatem…de comisso de Rio Sicco" to "monasterium de Sancti Salvadoris de Villacete in territorio Campo de Tauro secus monte Taraza in Rio Sicco" by charter dated 17 Sep 1042[639]. "Comes Fredenandus Munneoni et uxor eius comitissa domna Maria" exchanged "ereditates que abemus ex parentibus nostris vel abibus in territorio urbe Tauro, sive de comparationes que emit genitori nostro et genitrix nostra comes Munneu Ruderici et comitessa domna Adosinda in Ualle de Uilla Ceiddi" with "domna Marina et filiis tuis", in return for "Uilla Tirso", by charter dated 1 May 1043[640]. "Ueremudus frater" donated "hereditate…in Monasteriolo…per patrocinio de Ouekoni Monniz" to the monastery of San Salvador de Villa Ceide by charter dated 18 Jan 1044, confirmed by "Domna Marina et prolis eius Uermudis Ouekis et frater eius Petrus Oueconi et cognatus e[ius N]unnus Didaco"[641]. Oveco & his [first] wife had [one child]:

i) [FRONILDE "Aur Velita" (-after 7 Apr 1029). "Fronili cognomento Ouruelitu prolis Ouequiz" settled a dispute with "pater meo Oueco Moniz et coniungis eius Marina Uimaraz" concerning "pars…ereditatis que sunt de pater nostro Oueco Moniz, et queria…facere a sua mulier domna Marina" by charter dated 7 Apr 1029[642]. As noted above, one way of reconciling this charter with the charter dated 17 Sep 1042, which names "Fronili" among the children of Oveco and his wife Marina, is if Oveco had two daughters named Fronilda, the older one by his first marriage having died before the younger one was born to his second wife.]

Oveco & his [second] wife had five children:

ii) VERMUDO Ovéquiz . "Ouekeus Munniuz et coniux mea Marina…cum filiis nostris Ueremudo Ouekiz, Petro Ouekiz et Ieluira et Exemena et Fronili" donated "hereditatem…de comisso de Rio Sicco" to "monasterium de Sancti Salvadoris de Villacete in territorio Campo de Tauro secus monte Taraza in Rio Sicco" by charter dated 17 Sep 1042[643]. "Ueremudus frater" donated "hereditate…in Monasteriolo…per patrocinio de Ouekoni Monniz" to the monastery of San Salvador de Villa Ceide by charter dated 18 Jan 1044, confirmed by "Domna Marina et prolis eius Uermudis Ouekis et frater eius Petrus Oueconi et cognatus e[ius N]unnus Didaco"[644].

iii) PEDRO Ovéquiz (-after 1059). "Ouekeus Munniuz et coniux mea Marina…cum filiis nostris Ueremudo Ouekiz, Petro Ouekiz et Ieluira et Exemena et Fronili" donated "hereditatem…de comisso de Rio Sicco" to "monasterium de Sancti Salvadoris de Villacete in territorio Campo de Tauro secus monte Taraza in Rio Sicco" by charter dated 17 Sep 1042[645]. "Ueremudus frater" donated "hereditate…in Monasteriolo…per patrocinio de Ouekoni Monniz" to the monastery of San Salvador de Villa Ceide by charter dated 18 Jan 1044, confirmed by "Domna Marina et prolis eius Uermudis Ouekis et frater eius Petrus Oueconi et cognatus e[ius N]unnus Didaco"[646]. "Petro Obequiz…cum coniunge mea Eldonza" donated "hereditates…in Aratoy, Uilla de Mar[ban]…in Gallegallos…in Ualdespino…et in Zorita" to Sahagún by charter dated 19 Nov 1048[647]. "Petro Ovequiz...cum coniuge mea Eldonza Monniz" donated “Uilla Cunta excepto duos solares Fredenando Albariz et Suero Uelasquiz...[et] in Gallegellos” to Sahagún by charter dated 1059[648]. m ILDONZA [Eslonza] Muñoz, daughter of MUNIO Yáñez & his wife Gotina Gutiérrez (-after 9 Feb 1074). "Petro Obequiz…cum coniunge mea Eldonza" donated "hereditates…in Aratoy, Uilla de Mar[ban]…in Gallegallos…in Ualdespino…et in Zorita" to Sahagún by charter dated 19 Nov 1048[649]. "Petro Ovequiz...cum coniuge mea Eldonza Monniz" donated “Uilla Cunta excepto duos solares Fredenando Albariz et Suero Uelasquiz...[et] in Gallegellos” to Sahagún by charter dated 1059[650]. “Ildonza et filiis meis Facundo et Gotina” sold "solare...habemus de auolorum parentumque meorum in Gallekellos territorio Melgare super ripam fluminis Ceia" to “Dominico Elaz” by charter dated 9 Nov 1068[651]. "Eslonza...cum filiis meis Facundo et Gotina" donated “uno solare...Gallekellos in ripa de Ceia” to Sahagún by charter dated 9 Feb 1074[652]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 1089 under which her granddaughter “Gotina Petriz...nepta de...Gotina Gutterriz et de Monnio [Iohannes]...cum filiis meis Petro Diaz, Fernando Diaz, Facundo Diaz” confirmed donations made to “monasteriolum...Sancti Michaelis...in Gallekellos” made by “aua mea domna Gotina”[653]. Pedro & his wife had two children:

(a) FACUNDO Pérez (-after 9 Dec 1117). “Ildonza et filiis meis Facundo et Gotina” sold "solare...habemus de auolorum parentumque meorum in Gallekellos territorio Melgare super ripam fluminis Ceia" to “Dominico Elaz” by charter dated 9 Nov 1068[654]. "Eslonza...cum filiis meis Facundo et Gotina" donated “uno solare...Gallekellos in ripa de Ceia” to Sahagún by charter dated 9 Feb 1074[655]. Mayordomo of Infanta Sancha de León. “Facundo Petriz et uxor mea Christina Facundiz" donated “solare in Uillauelaco in territorio Sancti Facundi, in ripa de Aradoi, inter Graliare et Melgare...” to “Petro Xemeniz” by charter dated 9 Dec 1117[656]. m CRISTINA Facúndez, daughter of FACUNDO --- & his wife --- (-after 9 Dec 1117). “Facundo Petriz et uxor mea Christina Facundiz" donated “solare in Uillauelaco in territorio Sancti Facundi, in ripa de Aradoi, inter Graliare et Melgare...” to “Petro Xemeniz” by charter dated 9 Dec 1117[657].

(b) GOTINA Pérez (-after 31 May 1096). “Ildonza et filiis meis Facundo et Gotina” sold "solare...habemus de auolorum parentumque meorum in Gallekellos territorio Melgare super ripam fluminis Ceia" to “Dominico Elaz” by charter dated 9 Nov 1068[658]. "Eslonza...cum filiis meis Facundo et Gotina" donated “uno solare...Gallekellos in ripa de Ceia” to Sahagún by charter dated 9 Feb 1074[659]. “Gotina Petriz...nepta de...Gotina Gutterriz et de Monnio [Iohannes]...cum filiis meis Petro Diaz, Fernando Diaz, Facundo Diaz” confirmed donations made to “monasteriolum...Sancti Michaelis...in Gallekellos” made by “aua mea domna Gotina” by charter dated 14 Jul 1089[660]. She made a donation of land in the "valle de Flanera", San Salvador de Rode, belonging to her late husband in 1094, in which her children Pedro, Pelayo and Gontrodo are named[661]. “Gotina Petriz...cum filiis meis Petro Didaz, Fernando Didaz” donated "in villa...Quintana...in Otero...et in Rianno...quem habui de viro meo Monnio Adefonso” to Sahagún by charter dated 31 May 1096[662]. “Ordonio Flainiz...cum coniuge mea Gotina prolis Petri” donated "ex parte aviorum parentumque meorum in loco...Uilla Noua de Rebollera divisa mea...et de germana mea Gunterote Flainiz" to Sahagún by charter dated 19 Jan 1104[663]. “Gotina Petriz, filius eius Fernando Diaz...” confirmed the charter dated 2 Jun 1105 under which "Uelasco Rodriquiz” donated “mea divisa de Uilla Uellaco” to Sahagún after being severely wounded on campaign[664]. m firstly DIEGO Gutiérrez, son of --- (-after 21 Dec 1071). m secondly MUNIO Alfonso, son of Conde ALFONSO González & his wife --- (-before 31 May 1096). m thirdly ORDOÑO Flaínez, son of FLAÍN [Peláez & his wife Gotina Vermúdez] (-after 19 Jan 1104).

iv) ELVIRA Ovéquiz (-after 17 Sep 1042). "Ouekeus Munniuz et coniux mea Marina…cum filiis nostris Ueremudo Ouekiz, Petro Ouekiz et Ieluira et Exemena et Fronili" donated "hereditatem…de comisso de Rio Sicco" to "monasterium de Sancti Salvadoris de Villacete in territorio Campo de Tauro secus monte Taraza in Rio Sicco" by charter dated 17 Sep 1042[665].

v) JIMENA Ovéquiz (-after 17 Sep 1042). "Ouekeus Munniuz et coniux mea Marina…cum filiis nostris Ueremudo Ouekiz, Petro Ouekiz et Ieluira et Exemena et Fronili" donated "hereditatem…de comisso de Rio Sicco" to "monasterium de Sancti Salvadoris de Villacete in territorio Campo de Tauro secus monte Taraza in Rio Sicco" by charter dated 17 Sep 1042[666].

vi) FRONILDE Ovéquiz (-after 17 Sep 1042). "Ouekeus Munniuz et coniux mea Marina…cum filiis nostris Ueremudo Ouekiz, Petro Ouekiz et Ieluira et Exemena et Fronili" donated "hereditatem…de comisso de Rio Sicco" to "monasterium de Sancti Salvadoris de Villacete in territorio Campo de Tauro secus monte Taraza in Rio Sicco" by charter dated 17 Sep 1042[667].

c) RODRIGO Muñoz (-after [1065]). “Rodrigo Moñiz, hijo del conde Munio Rodriguez” exchanged property “la villa de Villa Cagin por otras Vilas en Figueras y en Adralés” with “la condesa Aldonza” by charter dated [1065][668].

Chapter 8. FAMILY of RODANO DÍAZ

1. RODANO ---. m ---. The name of Rodano's wife is not known. Rodano & his wife had one child:

a) DIEGO Rodánez (-after 1 Mar 937). [King Alfonso IV donated “senra...in ueica de Stola” to the monastery of San Cosme and San Damián by charter dated 15 Mar 930, confirmed by “...Titon Lucidi, Guttiher Menendiz, Pelagio Tetoni, Sarracenus Nunnizzi, Didaco Romanizzi...Guttiher Osoriz”[669]. It is possible that “Diego Románez” was the same person as “Diego Rodánez”.] “Didaco Rodaniz et uxor mea Tarasia” restored the monastery of San Andrés de Boada in Roa, the properties defined in relation to property which “fuit de Munnio Nunnez comite et uxor illius”, by charter dated 1 Mar 937[670]. m TERESA, daughter of ---. “Didaco Rodaniz et uxor mea Tarasia” restored the monastery of San Andrés de Boada in Roa, the properties defined in relation to property which “fuit de Munnio Nunnez comite et uxor illius”, by charter dated 1 Mar 937[671].

1. RODANO --- (-before 1014). His patronymic is not known, but his name suggests that he may have been the son of Diego Radoaniz who is shown above. Conde in Asturias de Santillana [672]. He is named in the charter dated 24 Jun 991 under which [his daughter and grandsons] “Donna Fronilde...cum sobrinis meis Nunniu Gutierrez et Nun Gutierrez...qui sumus neptis Domno Rodani comite” donated “ecclesia Sancti Iuliani...in...villa Arce” to Santillana del Mar[673]. No document has yet been found which names Rodano in his personal capacity. m FRONILDE Fernández, daughter of FERNANDO García Conde de Castilla & his first wife Sancha Sánchez de Navarra (-after 1014). “Comes Fredinandus Gundisalviz cum uxore mea Sancia comitisa et cum filiis meis Gundisalvus Fredinandi et Garsea Fredinandi et Sancio Fredinandi et Munio Fredinandi et Domna Fronilde” donated the monastery of San Miguel de Xavilla to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 941, witnessed by "Sarracenus, Bermudo Fannez, Gundisalvo de Aza"[674]. "Garcia Fredinandiz, Aua comitisa" donated property to the monastery of Cardeñas by charter dated 11 Jul 972, subscribed by "Sancius prolis illorum, Domna Fronilde…"[675]. "Garsias Ferdinandez…cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam…nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "…Tota comitissa, Fronilde comitissa…"[676]. "Sancius comes, mea tia domina Fronilde" confirmed property rights by charter dated 1014[677]. Rodano & his wife had four children:

a) ARGILO Rodánez . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 26 Feb 1026 under which [her daughters] “Sendina et Iuliana et Xemena...patre nostro Romano et matre nostra Argylo” donated “terra...in castello...Misileo...abuit de abio suo comite dopno Rodanio” to Santillana del Mar[678]. m ROMÁN Muñoz, son of MUNIO [Díaz & his wife Elvira ---].

b) GUTIERRE Rodánez (-before 24 Jun 991). His name and patronymic are indicated by the charter dated 24 Jun 991 under which [his sister and sons] “Donna Fronilde...cum sobrinis meis Nunniu Gutierrez et Nun Gutierrez...qui sumus neptis Domno Rodani comite” donated “ecclesia Sancti Iuliani...in...villa Arce” to Santillana del Mar[679]. No document has yet been found which names Gutierre in his personal capacity. m ---. The name of Gutierre's wife is not known. Gutierre & his wife had two children:

i) MUNIO Gutiérrez (-after 24 Jun 1001). “Donna Fronilde...cum sobrinis meis Nunniu Gutierrez et Nun Gutierrez...qui sumus neptis Domno Rodani comite” donated “ecclesia Sancti Iuliani...in...villa Arce” to Santillana del Mar, for the souls of “de me Fronildi et de mea germana Monna Tarasia et...de me Munniu Gutierrez et de me Nunnu Gutierrez et de abia nostra Donna Gontroda”, by charter dated 24 Jun 991[680]. “Munnium Gutierrez et Domina Fronildi” donated property to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 24 Jun 1001[681].

ii) NUÑO Gutiérrez (-before 18 Jan 1017). “Donna Fronilde...cum sobrinis meis Nunniu Gutierrez et Nun Gutierrez...qui sumus neptis Domno Rodani comite” donated “ecclesia Sancti Iuliani...in...villa Arce” to Santillana del Mar, for the souls of “de me Fronildi et de mea germana Monna Tarasia et...de me Munniu Gutierrez et de me Nunnu Gutierrez et de abia nostra Donna Gontroda”, by charter dated 24 Jun 991[682]. m MUNIADOMNA Muñoz, daughter of MUNIO Díaz & his wife Elvira --- (-after [1038/56]). “Donna Monia Donna...filia de Monnio Didaz et Donna Gelvira” donated “ecclesia Sancti Iacobi...in valle Egunna in locum...Caçarone” to Santillana del Mar, for the soul of “viro meo Nunno Gutierrez”, by charter dated 18 Jan 1017[683]. She became a nun at Santillana in 1017[684]. “Donna Monia...Donna” donated property “in Navamuelle quanto in novis apertine de Nunno Gutierriz” to Santillana del Mar, for the souls of “mee et de nepto meo Gutierre”, by undated charter which also records the donation made by “Gutierre” of property “de abo meo Nunno Gutierriz”[685]. Nuño & his wife had one child:

(a) ---. His existence is indicated by the undated charter, quoted below, which names his son Gutierre. His name has not been ascertained. m ---. One child:

(1) GUTIERRE --- . “Donna Monia...Donna” donated property “in Navamuelle quanto in novis apertine de Nunno Gutierriz” to Santillana del Mar, for the souls of “mee et de nepto meo Gutierre”, by undated charter which also records the donation made by “Gutierre” of property “de abo meo Nunno Gutierriz”[686].

c) FRONILDE Rodánez (-after 24 Jun 1001). “Donna Fronildi” donated “ecclesia Sancte Marie de Ranedo...in valle Pelacus” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 1 May 983[687]. “Donna Fronildi” issued a charter dated 10 May 987, in the presence of “...Roderico Telliz, Nunno Velasquiz, Roderico Velasquiz, Galindo presbiter, Donna Otrocia, Gundesalvo Acisonez, Donna Goto, Garcia Fredenandez comes, Donna Justa, et Ava cometissa”[688]. “Donna Fronilde...cum sobrinis meis Nunniu Gutierrez et Nun Gutierrez...qui sumus neptis Domno Rodani comite” donated “ecclesia Sancti Iuliani...in...villa Arce” to Santillana del Mar, for the souls of “de me Fronildi et de mea germana Monna Tarasia et...de me Munniu Gutierrez et de me Nunnu Gutierrez et de abia nostra Donna Gontroda”, by charter dated 24 Jun 991, which records that “Alvaro Alvariz voluntatem et factum de uxor mea Fronildi” confirmed[689]. “Munnium Gutierrez et Domina Fronildi” donated property to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 24 Jun 1001[690]. m ÁLVARO Álvarez, son of ÁLVARO --- & his wife --- (-after 24 Jun 991). “Bermudo Rodric, Rodanio Romaiz, Didaco Asuriz, Domna Fronildi, Domna Otrocia, Osoyro Ermegidiz, Albaro Albariz, Fredenando Armentariz, Teillu Rodriz, Froila Assuriz, Munio Didaz, Teillu Veilaz, Gomiz Gotiniz...” confirmed the charter dated 5 May 987 under which “Garcia Fredenandiz comes et donna Aba cometissa” donated property to Santillana del Mar[691].

d) TERESA . “Donna Fronilde...cum sobrinis meis Nunniu Gutierrez et Nun Gutierrez...qui sumus neptis Domno Rodani comite” donated “ecclesia Sancti Iuliani...in...villa Arce” to Santillana del Mar, for the souls of “de me Fronildi et de mea germana Monna Tarasia et...de me Munniu Gutierrez et de me Nunnu Gutierrez et de abia nostra Donna Gontroda”, by charter dated 24 Jun 991, which records that “Alvaro Alvariz voluntatem et factum de uxor mea Fronildi” confirmed[692].

1. OTROSIA (-after 10 May 987). Otrosia´s parentage is not known. The charters quoted below suggest a close relationship with Fronilde Rodániz who is named above: maybe they were sisters. “Bermudo Rodric, Rodanio Romaiz, Didaco Asuriz, Domna Fronildi, Domna Otrocia, Osoyro Ermegidiz, Albaro Albariz, Fredenando Armentariz, Teillu Rodriz, Froila Assuriz, Munio Didaz, Teillu Veilaz, Gomiz Gotiniz...” confirmed the charter dated 5 May 987 under which “Garcia Fredenandiz comes et donna Aba cometissa” donated property to Santillana del Mar[693]. “Donna Fronildi” issued a charter dated 10 May 987, in the presence of “...Roderico Telliz, Nunno Velasquiz, Roderico Velasquiz, Galindo presbiter, Donna Otrocia, Gundesalvo Acisonez, Donna Goto, Garcia Fredenandez comes, Donna Justa, et Ava cometissa”[694].

1. NEPOCIANO . m OTROSIA, daughter of ---. It is possible that Otrosia was the same Otrosia who is named in the charters dated 5 May and 10 May 987 (see above). Nepociano & his wife had one child:

a) GONZALO Nepociánez (-after 30 Nov 1023). “Guntesalvo...filio...Nebzano et Otrocia” donated “terras...in villa Fraxineot et in Laureto et in Planes” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 30 Nov 1023[695].

1. TEGRIDIA (-after Jul 1116). “Donna Tegridia” donated “terra en Alfoçe de Egunna in villa...Ordum per terminum de Didago Gonsalvez...” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated Jul 1116, the dating clause of which records “...comite Roderico Gundisalvez in Asturias et Petrus Godestioz maiorino et ego Tegridia”[696].

Chapter 9. OTHER NOBLE FAMILIES in CASTILE

Four siblings:

1. MUNIO Fernández (-after 24 Dec 1054). “Monio Fernandez et Tegridia Fernandez et Fronilde Fernandez” donated the monasteries of “sancta Eugenia in Fitorum...et in Tricarios...sancti Tyrsi” to Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo by charter dated 24 Dec 1054[697].

2. TEGRIDIA Fernández (-after 24 Dec 1054). “Monio Fernandez et Tegridia Fernandez et Fronilde Fernandez” donated the monasteries of “sancta Eugenia in Fitorum...et in Tricarios...sancti Tyrsi” to Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo by charter dated 24 Dec 1054[698].

3. FRONILDE Fernández (-after 24 Dec 1054). “Fronilde Fernandez” donated the monastery of San Miguel de Zalima to Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo by charter dated to [17 Dec 1042][699]. “Domna Fronilde” donated a fifth part of land and confirmed the donation of “sancti Saturnini...et sancti Pelagii...et illa defesa de Mata Morisca” to Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo, for the soul of “mea germana domna Gelbira”, by charter dated [17] Dec 1042[700]. “Monio Fernandez et Tegridia Fernandez et Fronilde Fernandez” donated the monasteries of “sancta Eugenia in Fitorum...et in Tricarios...sancti Tyrsi” to Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo by charter dated 24 Dec 1054[701]. An undated charter, dated to [1108/1110], lists “divisas in Sancto Martino de la Fonte et in Sancta Maria de Piasca”, including "divisa de Fronildi Fernandiz quam habuit de Fronildi Gutterriz"[702].

4. ELVIRA (-[before 17 Dec 1042]). “Domna Fronilde” donated a fifth part of land and confirmed the donation of “sancti Saturnini...et sancti Pelagii...et illa defesa de Mata Morisca” to Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo, for the soul of “mea germana domna Gelbira”, by charter dated [17] Dec 1042[703].

1. PEDRO Pérez (-after 31 Aug 1050). "…Petro Petriz…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[704].

[1] Proyecto Regestalia, available at <http://www2.uah.es/historia1/carlossaez/Regestos/default.htm (11 Feb 2008).

[2] As at 20 Jan 2010.

[3] Martínez Díez, G. (1998) Colección documental del monasterio de San Pedro de Cardeña (Burgos) (“San Pedro de Cardeña”), 231, p. 268.

[4] San Pedro de Cardeña, 231, p. 268.

[5] San Pedro de Cardeña, 231, p. 268.

[6] San Pedro de Cardeña, 231, p. 268.

[7] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1976) Cartulario de San Millán de la Cogolla (Valencia) ("San Millán de la Cogolla"), Vol. II, 185, p. 128.

[8] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 187, p. 186.

[9] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 188, p. 187.

[10] San Millán de la Cogolla, Tome I, 196, p. 197.

[11] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 183, p. 180.

[12] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 186, p. 183.

[13] San Millán de la Cogolla, Tome I, 190, p. 190.

[14] San Salvador de Oña, information supplied by Mara González Morejon in a private email to the author dated 2 Apr 2008.

[15] San Pedro de Cardeña, 231, p. 268.

[16] San Millán de la Cogolla, Tome I, 211, p. 209.

[17] Ubieto Arteta, A. (1962) Cartulario de San Juan de la Peña (Valencia) (“San Juan de la Peña”), Vol. II, 71, p. 23.

[18] Serrano, L. (ed.) (1925) Cartulario de San Pedro de Arlanza (Madrid) (“Arlanza”), XLV, p. 93.

[19] San Pedro de Cardeña, 249, p. 295.

[20] San Pedro de Cardeña, 250, p. 296, marked “Falso” in the compilation.

[21] León Cathedral, Vol. IV, 1048, p. 224.

[22] Berganza, F. de (1721) Antiguedades de España (Madrid) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIII, p. 427.

[23] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[24] San Pedro de Cardeña, 267, p. 318.

[25] San Pedro de Cardeña, 281, p. 332.

[26] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice C, p. 431.

[27] San Pedro de Cardeña, 294, p. 345.

[28] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 316, p. 304.

[29] San Pedro de Cardeña, 307, p. 356.

[30] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CV, p. 434.

[31] Arlanza, XLV, p. 93.

[32] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice C, p. 431.

[33] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice C, p. 431.

[34] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CV, p. 434.

[35] Sahagún, Tomo III, 733, p. 9.

[36] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 185, p. 128.

[37] Sahagún, Tomo III, 739, p. 14.

[38] Sahagún, Tomo III, 759, p. 37.

[39] Sahagún, Tomo III, 739, p. 14.

[40] Sahagún, Tomo III, 739, p. 14.

[41] Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, M. (1999) Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla (siglos IX-XIII) (Consejería de Educación y Cultura de la Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid), pp. 217-18.

[42] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 157, p. 111.

[43] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 254, p. 170.

[44] Pérez, J., Romualdo Escalona, F. (1782) Historia del real monasterio de Sahagun (Madrid) ("Sahagún (Pérez)"), Apéndice III, Escritura CXXIX, p. 496.

[45] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 185, p. 128.

[46] Sánchez de Mora, A. (2003) La nobleza castellana en la plena edad media: el linaje de Lara (ss. XI-XIII), Tesis doctoral (Sevilla), Tomo I, p. 62, available at <http://fondosdigitales.us.es/public_thesis/271/6559.pdf> (2 Apr 2008).

[47] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 157, p. 111.

[48] Sahagún, Tomo III, 1021, p. 357.

[49] Sahagún, Tomo III, 1021, p. 357.

[50] Sahagún, Tomo III, 1021, p. 357.

[51] San Salvador de Oña, information supplied by Mara González Morejon in a private email to the author dated 2 Apr 2008.

[52] San Pedro de Cardeña, 231, p. 268.

[53] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 71, p. 23.

[54] Arlanza, XLV, p. 93.

[55] San Pedro de Cardeña, 250, p. 296, marked “Falso” in the compilation.

[56] León Cathedral, Vol. IV, 1048, p. 224.

[57] San Pedro de Cardeña, 252, p. 298.

[58] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIII, p. 427.

[59] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[60] San Pedro de Cardeña, 267, p. 318.

[61] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCVII, p. 429.

[62] San Pedro de Cardeña, 285, p. 336.

[63] San Pedro de Cardeña, 290, p. 341.

[64] San Pedro de Cardeña, 307, p. 356.

[65] San Pedro de Cardeña, 312, p. 361.

[66] San Pedro de Cardeña, 322, p. 371.

[67] Garrido Garrido, J. M. (ed.) (1983) Documentación de la catedral de Burgos (804-1183) (Burgos) ("Burgos Cathedral"), 19, p. 40.

[68] San Pedro de Cardeña, 358, p. 409.

[69] San Pedro de Cardeña, 379, p. 432.

[70] San Salvador de Oña, information supplied by Mara González Morejon in a private email to the author dated 2 Apr 2008.

[71] San Pedro de Cardeña, 231, p. 268.

[72] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 71, p. 23.

[73] Arlanza, XLV, p. 93.

[74] San Pedro de Cardeña, 249, p. 295.

[75] León Cathedral, Vol. IV, 1048, p. 224.

[76] San Pedro de Cardeña, 252, p. 298.

[77] San Pedro de Cardeña, 260, p. 306.

[78] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIII, p. 427.

[79] San Pedro de Cardeña, 267, p. 318.

[80] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCVII, p. 429.

[81] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 320, p. 308.

[82] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 403, p. 379.

[83] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 405, p. 380.

[84] San Salvador de Oña, information supplied by Mara González Morejon in a private email to the author dated 2 Apr 2008.

[85] San Pedro de Cardeña, 231, p. 268.

[86] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 71, p. 23.

[87] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIII, p. 427.

[88] San Pedro de Cardeña, 322, p. 371.

[89] Burgos Cathedral, 19, p. 40.

[90] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXII, p. 436.

[91] Burgos Cathedral, 25, p. 60.

[92] San Pedro de Cardeña, 358, p. 409.

[93] Sahagún, Tomo III, 781, p. 68.

[94] Sahagún, Tomo III, 782, p. 71.

[95] Sahagún, Tomo III, 823, p. 121.

[96] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 50.

[97] Jusué, E. (1912) Libro de la Regla o Cartulario de la antigua abadia de Santillana del Mar (Madrid) ("Santillana del Mar (Jusué)"), LXII, p. 80.

[98] Burgos Cathedral, 19, p. 40.

[99] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXII, p. 436.

[100] Herrero de la Fuente, M. (1988) Colección diplomática del monasterio de Sahagún (León) (“Sahagún”), Tomo II, 723, p. 447.

[101] García Turza, F. J. (ed.) (1985) Documentación medieval del monasterio de Valvanera (siglos XI a XIII) (Zaragoza) (“Valvanera”), 69, p. 70.

[102] Burgos Cathedral, 25, p. 60.

[103] San Pedro de Cardeña, 358, p. 409.

[104] Sahagún, Tomo III, 782, p. 71.

[105] Fernández Conde, F. J. (ed.) (1971) El Libro de los Testamentos de la Catedral de Oviedo (Rome) (“Testamentos de la Catedral de Oviedo”), Appendice documental, V, p. 382.

[106] Bernard, A. and Bruel, A. (eds.) (1876-1903) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny (Paris), Tome V, 3948, p. 302.

[107] Álamo, J. del (1950) Colección diplomática de San Salvador de Oña (822-1284) (Madrid) (“San Salvador de Oña (Álamo)”), no. 76, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 51.

[108] Cluny Tome V, 3948, p. 302.

[109] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XXIII, p. 70.

[110] Santa María del Puerto, no. 33, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 51.

[111] Santa María del Puerto, nos. 27 and 55, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 51.

[112] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LXII, p. 80.

[113] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XXIII, p. 70.

[114] Fernández Catón, J. M. (ed.) (1990) Colección documental del archivo de la Catedral de León (León) ("León Cathedral"), Vol. V, 1327, p. 3.

[115] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 330, p. 219.

[116] Sahagún, Tomo IV, 1180, p. 16.

[117] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XXVIII, p. 81.

[118] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LXII, p. 80.

[119] Sahagún, Tomo III, 867, p. 176.

[120] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LXII, p. 80.

[121] Sahagún, Tomo III, 867, p. 176.

[122] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LXII, p. 80.

[123] Cluny Tome V, 3948, p. 302.

[124] Segovia Cathedral, 23, p. 68.

[125] Ubieto Arteta, A. (1980) Cofrades aragoneses y navarros de la milicia del Temple (Siglo XII), p. 35 (dating), Texto B, (183), p. 72, at <https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/108339.pdf> (14 Apr 2024).

[126] Historia Compostelana, España Sagrada XX, p. 82.

[127] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XVIII, p. 56.

[128] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XXVIII, p. 81.

[129] Cluny Tome V, 3948, p. 302.

[130] Barton, S. (2002) The aristocracy in twelfth-century León and Castile (Cambridge University Press), Appendix 3, I, p. 308.

[131] Sahagún, Tomo IV, 1220, p. 92.

[132] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura CLII, p. 518.

[133] Sahagún, Tomo IV, 1224, p. 98.

[134] Santa María del Puerto, nos. 27 and 55, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 51.

[135] Testamentos de la Catedral de Oviedo, Appendice documental, VII, p. 385.

[136] Fernández Conde, F. J., Torrente Fernández, I, and de la Noval Menéndez, G., El monasterio de San Pelayo de Oviedo. Historia y Fuentes, I. Collección diplomatica (996-1325) (Oviedo, 1978), doc. 5, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 194.

[137] Cluny Tome V, 3948, p. 302.

[138] Santa María del Puerto, no. 33, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 51.

[139] Cluny Tome V, 3948, p. 302.

[140] Burgos Cathedral, 82, p. 154.

[141] Barton (2002), p. 251, citing Fernández Catón, J. M. (1977) Catálogo del archivo del monasterio de San Pedro de las Dueñas (Léon), no. 12.

[142] Lacarra, J. M. 'Los franceses en la reconquista y repoblación del valle del Ebro en tiempos de Alfonso el Batallador', Cuadernos de Historia 2 (1968), p. 71 footnote 15, cited in Torre (1999), p. 227.

[143] Burgos Cathedral, 25, p. 60.

[144] San Pedro de Cardeña, 358, p. 409.

[145] Sahagún, Tomo III, 781, p. 68.

[146] Sahagún, Tomo III, 782, p. 71.

[147] San Pedro de Cardeña, 375, p. 427.

[148] San Pedro de Cardeña, 379, p. 432.

[149] Arlanza, LXXXIV, p. 159.

[150] García Larragueta (1962) Colección de Documentos de la Catedral de Oviedo (Oviedo) (“Oviedo Cathedral”), doc. 85, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 108.

[151] Oviedo Cathedral, docs. 95 and 109, cited in Torres (1999), p. 102.

[152] San Pedro de Cardeña, 375, p. 427.

[153] San Salvador de Oña, information supplied by Mara González Morejon in a private email to the author dated 2 Apr 2008.

[154] San Pedro de Cardeña, 231, p. 268.

[155] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 71, p. 23.

[156] Arlanza, XXXVIII, p. 81.

[157] Arlanza, XXXIX, p. 83.

[158] Arlanza, XLV, p. 93.

[159] San Pedro de Cardeña, 249, p. 295.

[160] San Pedro de Cardeña, 250, p. 296, marked “Falso” in the compilation.

[161] León Cathedral, Vol. IV, 1048, p. 224.

[162] San Pedro de Cardeña, 252, p. 298.

[163] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIII, p. 427.

[164] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[165] San Pedro de Cardeña, 267, p. 318.

[166] San Pedro de Cardeña, 281, p. 332.

[167] San Pedro de Cardeña, 285, p. 336.

[168] San Pedro de Cardeña, 290, p. 341.

[169] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 316, p. 304.

[170] San Pedro de Cardeña, 312, p. 361.

[171] San Pedro de Cardeña, 322, p. 371.

[172] Martín Duque, Á. J. ´Vasconia en la Alta Edad Media. Somera aproximación histórica´, Revista Internacional de Estudios Vascos 44 (1999), p. 895.

[173] Burgos Cathedral, 19, p. 40.

[174] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXII, p. 436.

[175] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 403, p. 379.

[176] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 405, p. 380.

[177] Burgos Cathedral, 25, p. 60.

[178] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 10, p. 16.

[179] Sahagún, Tomo III, 781, p. 68.

[180] Sahagún, Tomo III, 782, p. 71.

[181] Nájera Santa María 23, p. 43.

[182] San Pedro de Cardeña, 375, p. 427.

[183] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 76, p. 62.

[184] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 103, p. 77.

[185] San Pedro de Cardeña, 379, p. 432.

[186] Férotin, D. M. (ed.) (1897) (Paris) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Silos (“Silos”), 24, p. 30.

[187] Gaztambide, J. G. (ed.) (1997) Colección diplomatica de la catedral de Pamplona, Tome I 829-1243 (Gobierno de Navarra), 75, p. 96.

[188] Arlanza, XXXVIII, p. 81.

[189] Arlanza, XXXIX, p. 83.

[190] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 5, p. 12.

[191] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49.

[192] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[193] Salazar y Castro, L. de (1696-7) Historia genealogica de la Casa de Lara, 3 vols. (Madrid), Pruebas, p. 6.

[194] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 48, footnote 67.

[195] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[196] Sahagún, Tomo II, 723, p. 447.

[197] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[198] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[199] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 17, p. 22.

[200] Fortún Pérez de Ciriza, L. J. ´La quiebra de la soberanía navarra en Álava, Guipúzcoa y el Duranguesado (1199-1200)´, Revista internacionál de estudios vascos, 45, 2, 2000, p. 442.

[201] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 209, p. 144.

[202] Pamplona 55, p. 80.

[203] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 299, p. 200.

[204] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[205] Burgos Cathedral, 19, p. 40.

[206] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 5, p. 12.

[207] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 10, p. 16.

[208] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 44, p. 41.

[209] San Pedro de Cardeña, 375, p. 427.

[210] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 76, p. 62.

[211] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 103, p. 77.

[212] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 187, p. 130.

[213] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[214] Burgos Cathedral, 84, p. 158.

[215] RAH, Colección Salazar y Castro, M-7, fo 22 v a 23 v (no. 46917).

[216] Burgos Cathedral, 84, p. 158.

[217] San Pedro de Cardeña, 359, p. 411.

[218] Serrano, L. (ed.) (1906) Colección diplomática de San Salvador de El Moral, Fuentes para la Historia de Castilla por los pp. benedictinos de Silos, Tomo I (Silos) ("San Salvador de El Moral"), III, p. 31.

[219] Sahagún, docs. 1075, 1083 and 1085, cited in Torres (1999), p. 106. This appointment is not named in Salazar y Acha, J. (2000) La casa del Rey de Castilla y León en la Edad Media (Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales Madrid), p. 413.

[220] Oviedo Cathedral, doc. 128, cited in Torres (1999), pp. 107 and 379.

[221] Silos 32, p. 46.

[222] Oviedo Cathedral, doc. 128, cited in Torres (1999), pp. 107 and 379.

[223] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 5, p. 12.

[224] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, I, p. 1.

[225] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XXIII, p. 70.

[226] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, I, p. 1.

[227] Oviedo Cathedral, doc. 112, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 107.

[228] Floriano Llorente, P. (ed.) (1968) Colección diplomática del monasterio de San Vicente de Oviedo (Oviedo) ("Oviedo San Vicente"), docs. CI and CX, cited in Torres (1999), p. 378.

[229] Oviedo San Vicente, docs. CVII, CX, CXII, cited in Torres (1999), p. 378.

[230] Vignau Ballester. V. (ed.) (1885) Cartulario del monasterio de Eslonza (Madrid) ("Eslonza"), Part II, LIX, p. 100.

[231] Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris I, 32, p. 178.

[232] Eslonza, Part I, IX, p. 19.

[233] Oviedo San Vicente, doc. CCV, cited in Torres (1999), p. 384.

[234] San Salvador de El Moral, III, p. 31.

[235] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[236] Sahagún, Tomo III, 911, p. 229.

[237] San Salvador de El Moral, III, p. 31.

[238] Torres (1999), p. 88.

[239] San Salvador de El Moral, VII, p. 41.

[240] San Salvador de El Moral, XI, p. 51.

[241] San Salvador de El Moral, XIII, p. 58.

[242] Burgos Cathedral, 155, p. 253.

[243] Burgos Cathedral, 155, p. 253.

[244] Burgos Cathedral, 155, p. 253.

[245] Chronicon Regum Legionensium: Barton, S. and Fletcher, R. (trans. and eds.) The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest (Manchester UP), p. 76.

[246] Schottus, A. (ed.) (1608) Hispaniæ Illustratæ, Tomo IV (Frankfurt), Lucæ Tudensis Chronicon Mundi, ("Lucas Tudensis"), Liber IV, p. 89.

[247] Torres (1999), p. 96.

[248] Mattoso, J. (1994) A Nobreza Medieval Portuguesa, a família e o poder 4^th ed. (Lisbon), p. 153.

[249] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[250] Lorenzana, Cardinal de (ed.) (1793) Roderici Ximenii de Rada opera complectens, PP Toletanorum quotquot extant opera, Tome III (Madrid), Historia de rebus Hispaniæ, Lib. V, XIV, p. 107.

[251] Yepes, A. de (1615) Coronica General de la Orden de San Benito, Tomo V, Apendix, LI, p. 471.

[252] Oviedo Cathedral, doc. 55, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 96.

[253] Oviedo Cathedral, doc. 55, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 96.

[254] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[255] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 89.

[256] León Cathedral, Vol. IV, 1048, p. 224.

[257] España Sagrada, Tomo XXIII, Annales Complutenses, p. 314.

[258] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 153 (Regestalia).

[259] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 153 (Regestalia).

[260] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 153 (Regestalia).

[261] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 89.

[262] Torres (1999), pp. 99-100.

[263] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 409.

[264] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[265] ES II 50.

[266] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 89.

[267] Ximénez de Rada, R. Historia de los hechos de España, p. 205, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 97, citing Oviedo Cathedral, doc. 61.

[268] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[269] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 89.

[270] Núñez Contreras, L. ‘Colección diplomática de Vermudo III Rey de León’, Historia, instituciones, documentos, no. 4 (1977), 13, p. 472, available at <dialnet.uniroja.es/descarga/articulo/670252.pdf> [6 Nov 2012].

[271] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 89.

[272] Torres (1999), pp. 99-100.

[273] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 409.

[274] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[275] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 409.

[276] Torres (1999), p. 100, citing Sánchez Candeira, A. ‘La reina Velasquita de León y su descendencia’, Hispania, X (Madrid, 1950).

[277] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 316, p. 304.

[278] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[279] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXIII, p. 438.

[280] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXIII, p. 438.

[281] Menéndez Pidal, R. (1956) La España del Cid 5^th ed. 2 Vols (Madrid), Vol 2, p. 713, cited in Barton (2002), p. 249.

[282] RAH, Colección Salazar y Castro, M-7, fo 22 v a 23 v (no. 46917).

[283] Burgos Cathedral, 84, p. 158.

[284] San Pedro de Cardeña, 359, p. 411.

[285] San Salvador de El Moral, III, p. 31.

[286] San Pedro de Cardeña, 359, p. 411.

[287] Sahagún, Tomo III, 782, p. 71.

[288] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 412.

[289] San Pedro de Cardeña, 373, p. 424.

[290] Sahagún, Tomo III, 810, p. 105.

[291] Burgos Cathedral, 49, p. 104.

[292] Burgos Cathedral, 49, p. 104.

[293] San Pedro de Cardeña, 359, p. 411.

[294] San Pedro de Cardeña, 359, p. 411.

[295] Sahagún, Tomo III, 733, p. 9.

[296] Historia Roderici: Barton, S. and Fletcher, R. (trans. and eds.) (2000) The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest (Manchester University Press), pp. 98-147, Chapters 7 and 8, pp. 102-3.

[297] Burgos Cathedral, 25, p. 60.

[298] San Millán de la Cogolla, Tome II, 5, p. 12.

[299] Sahagún, Tomo III, 781, p. 68.

[300] Nájera Santa María 23, p. 43.

[301] Lucas Álvarez, M. 'Libro Becerro del Monasterio de Valbanera', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón Vol. IV (Zaragoza, 1951) 156, p. 573.

[302] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 44, p. 41.

[303] San Pedro de Cardeña, 373, p. 424.

[304] Sahagún, Tomo III, 810, p. 105.

[305] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 76, p. 62.

[306] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 103, p. 77.

[307] Nájera Santa María 25, p. 45.

[308] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 94, p. 72.

[309] Lucas Álvarez 'Libro Becerro de Valbanera' (1951) 177, 179 bis, 180 and 185, pp. 588-595.

[310] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 191, p. 133.

[311] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 212, p. 146.

[312] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[313] Silos, 24, p. 30.

[314] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 315, p. 210.

[315] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XXIII, p. 70.

[316] Anales Toledanos I, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 386.

[317] Nájera Santa María 23, p. 43.

[318] Pamplona 34, p. 60.

[319] Nájera Santa María 25, p. 45.

[320] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 189, p. 132.

[321] Nájera Santa María 53, p. 79.

[322] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Vol I, p. 99.

[323] Argote Molina, G. (1588) Nobleza del Andaluzia (Sevilla), p. 49.

[324] Barton (2002), p. 229.

[325] Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, 'Los sellos', p. 102, cited in Barton (2002), p. 229.

[326] Salazar, J. 'El Linaje castellano de los Castro', p. 54 footnote 106, cited in Torres (1999), p. 223.

[327] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 412.

[328] Barton (2002), p. 249.

[329] Barton (2002), p. 249.

[330] Barton (2002), p. 249.

[331] Pérez Celada, J. A. (ed.) (1986) Documentación del monasterio de San Zoilo de Carrion 1047-1300 (Palencia) (“San Zoilo de Carrión”) 22, p. 40.

[332] Nájera Santa María 53, p. 79.

[333] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Tomo III, Libro XIX, cap. IV, p. 316.

[334] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 315, p. 210.

[335] Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris I, 7, p. 166.

[336] Historia Roderici, pp. 98-147, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[337] Martínez Díez, G. (2005) El Condado de Castilla (711-1038) (Junta de Castilla y León), p. 280.

[338] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1989)"Corónicas" Navarras (Zaragoza) 2.2, p. 34.

[339] Chronicon de Cardeña, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 377.

[340] Faria i Sousa, F. & Alarcon, F. A. de (eds.) (1641) Nobiliario del Conde de Barcelos Don Pedro (Madrid) ("Pedro Barcelos"), Tit. VIII, Lainez, 1 p. 66.

[341] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.3, p. 35.

[342] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[343] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 1 p. 66.

[344] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.4, p. 35.

[345] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66.

[346] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[347] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.3, p. 35.

[348] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[349] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 1 p. 66.

[350] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.5, p. 36.

[351] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[352] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 3 p. 68.

[353] León Cathedral, Vol. IV, 1048, p. 224.

[354] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIII, p. 427.

[355] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCVII, p. 429.

[356] Sahagún, Tomo II, 598, p. 292.

[357] Sahagún, Tomo II, 599, p. 293.

[358] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 316, p. 304.

[359] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.6, p. 36.

[360] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[361] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 10 p. 68.

[362] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.7, p. 36.

[363] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[364] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 12 p. 68.

[365] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.7 and 2.8, p. 36.

[366] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[367] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66, and 12 p. 68.

[368] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 10 p. 68, and 5 p. 117.

[369] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 3 p. 68, and Tit. IX, Biscaya, 1 p. 70.

[370] Llorente (1808), Vol. V, p. 456.

[371] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[372] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 1 p. 66.

[373] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[374] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.8, p. 36.

[375] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66.

[376] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.7 and 2.8, p. 36.

[377] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[378] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66, and 12 p. 68.

[379] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.8, p. 36.

[380] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[381] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66.

[382] Barton & Fletcher, p. 99 footnote 4.

[383] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[384] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.9, p. 37.

[385] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66.

[386] San Pedro de Cardeña, 252, p. 298.

[387] Historia Roderici, Chapter 3, p. 100.

[388] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.10, p. 37.

[389] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[390] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 7 p. 66, and 23 p. 4.

[391] Burgos Cathedral, 25, p. 60.

[392] Burgos Cathedral, 25, p. 60.

[393] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[394] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.10 and 2.11, pp. 37 and 38.

[395] Historia Roderici, Chapter 4, p. 100.

[396] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 410.

[397] Burgos Cathedral, 25, p. 60.

[398] San Pedro de Cardeña, 358, p. 409.

[399] Sahagún, Tomo III, 781, p. 68.

[400] Dozy, R. (1860) Recherches sur l´histoire et la literature de l´Espagne pendant le moyen-âge (Leiden), Tome II, Ibn-Bassâm (French trans.), pp. 17 and 22.

[401] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.21 and 2.22, pp. 43 and 44.

[402] Chronicon Burgense, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 309.

[403] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.23, p. 45.

[404] Silos 19, p. 21.

[405] Anales Toledanos II, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 416.

[406] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, VIII, p. 38.

[407] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.23, p. 45.

[408] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.23, p. 45.

[409] Ximénez de Embún y Val, T. (ed.) (1876) Historia de la Corona de Aragón: Crónica de San Juan de la Peña: Part aragonesa (“Crónica de San Juan de la Peña“), XX, p. 82, available at Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes <http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/FichaObra.html?Ref=12477> (3 Aug 2007).

[410] RAH, Colección Salazar y Castro, M-18, Falta (no. 48883).

[411] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.23, p. 45.

[412] Montaner Frutos, A. Canta de mio Cid - versión modernizada, Cantar Tercero, lines 3717-3725, consulted at <http://www.caminodelcid.org/Camino_ElCantarenPDF.aspx> [27 Oct 2012].

[413] Bofarull y Mascaró (1836) Tomo II, p. 158, citing Archivo de la Camareria del monasterio de Ripoll.

[414] Bofarull y Mascaró (1836) Tomo II, p. 158, citing Archivo del Priorato de Sta Maria de Tarrasa.

[415] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Contribution à l'histoire de l'attitude des royaumes pirénéens dans la querelle des investitures: de l'origine de Berthe, reine d'Aragon et de Navarre', Estudios Genealógicos, Heráldicos y Nobiliarios, en honor de Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent (Hidalguía, Madrid, 1978), Vol. 2, pp. 375-402, 377.

[416] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66.

[417] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 8 p. 68, and 23 p. 4.

[418] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 9 p. 68.

[419] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 9 p. 68.

[420] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 9 p. 68, and 2 p. 86.

[421] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[422] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 166, p. 161.

[423] San Pedro de Cardeña, 231, p. 268.

[424] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 71, p. 23.

[425] San Pedro de Cardeña, 249, p. 295.

[426] San Pedro de Cardeña, 250, p. 296, marked “Falso” in the compilation.

[427] León Cathedral, Vol. IV, 1048, p. 224.

[428] San Pedro de Cardeña, 252, p. 298.

[429] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIII, p. 427.

[430] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[431] San Pedro de Cardeña, 267, p. 318.

[432] Arlanza, XLV, p. 93.

[433] San Pedro de Cardeña, 250, p. 296, marked “Falso” in the compilation.

[434] San Pedro de Cardeña, 252, p. 298.

[435] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[436] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 71, p. 23.

[437] Barton & Fletcher, p. 99 footnote 4.

[438] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[439] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.10, p. 37.

[440] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[441] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 7 p. 66, and 23 p. 4.

[442] Torre Sevilla-Quiñones de León, M. C. ‘El linaje del Cid’, Historia Medieval, Anales de la Universidad de Alicante, 13 (2000-02), p. 13.

[443] Arlanza, XXX, p. 66.

[444] Arlanza, XLIV, p. 92.

[445] Arlanza, XLV, p. 93.

[446] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIII, p. 427.

[447] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[448] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCVII, p. 429.

[449] San Pedro de Cardeña, 285, p. 336.

[450] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 316, p. 304.

[451] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXII, p. 436.

[452] Arlanza, XLIV, p. 92.

[453] Arlanza, XXX, p. 66.

[454] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCVII, p. 429.

[455] San Pedro de Cardeña, 285, p. 336.

[456] Torre Sevilla-Quiñones de León ‘El linaje del Cid’ (2000-02), p. 13.

[457] Arlanza, XLIV, p. 92.

[458] Arlanza, XLV, p. 93.

[459] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIII, p. 427.

[460] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[461] San Pedro de Cardeña, 285, p. 336.

[462] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 316, p. 304.

[463] Serrano, L. (ed.) (1907) Cartulario del Infantado de Covarrubias, Fuentes para la Historia de Castilla por los pp. benedictinos de Silos, Tomo II (Silos) ("Infantado de Covarrubias"), VII, p. 13.

[464] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 458 and 489.

[465] San Pedro de Cardeña, 231, p. 268.

[466] Sagredo Fernández, F. ‘Los Condes de Bureba en la documentación de la segunda mitad del siglo XI’, Hispania: Revista española de historia, Vol. 35, No. Extra 6 (1975), p. 91 [not yet consulted].

[467] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 45.

[468] San Juan de la Peña, Tome I, 55, cited in Torres (1999), p. 394.

[469] San Pedro de Cardeña, 231, p. 268.

[470] San Pedro de Cardeña, 249, p. 295.

[471] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIII, p. 427.

[472] Guerrero Lafuente, D, & Álvarez Castillo, A. ´Los inicios del monacato en Palencia: Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos´, Actas del III Congreso de Historia de Palencia (1995), Tome II, 5, p. 182.

[473] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 316, p. 304.

[474] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 327, p. 312.

[475] San Pedro de Cardeña, 249, p. 295.

[476] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura XCI, p. 460, and Sahagún, Tomo II, 530, p. 213.

[477] Guerrero Lafuente & Álvarez Castillo ´Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos´, Tome II, 5, p. 182.

[478] Blanco Lozano, P. (1987) Colección diplomática de Fernando I (1037-1065) (León), doc. 50, cited in Torres (1999), p. 396.

[479] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 327, p. 312.

[480] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[481] San Pedro de Cardeña, 322, p. 371.

[482] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXII, p. 436.

[483] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 408, p. 384.

[484] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 376 bis, p. 403.

[485] San Pedro de Cardeña, 339, p. 391.

[486] Sahagún, Tomo II, 723, p. 447.

[487] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[488] Burgos Cathedral, 25, p. 60.

[489] San Pedro de Cardeña, 358, p. 409.

[490] Sahagún, Tomo III, 782, p. 71.

[491] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 49, p. 45.

[492] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 57, p. 50.

[493] Sahagún, Tomo III, 823, p. 121.

[494] Reilly, B. F. (1988) The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI 1065-1109 (Princeton University Press), in the Library of Iberian Resources Online, available at http://libro.uca.edu/alfonso6/alfonso.htm [7 Dec 2002], Chapter 9, p. 165.

[495] Annales Compostellani, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 321.

[496] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49.

[497] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[498] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[499] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 48, footnote 67.

[500] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 142, p. 100.

[501] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[502] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[503] San Salvador de Oña (Álamo), no. 88 and 90, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49.

[504] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[505] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[506] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[507] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[508] Testamentos de la Catedral de Oviedo, Appendice documental, VII, p. 385.

[509] Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, 30, p. 177.

[510] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[511] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[512] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[513] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[514] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[515] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 142, p. 100.

[516] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49, citing García Turza Valvanera, no. 69 (1074) and Garrido Catedral de Burgos nos. 82 and 83 (1107).

[517] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, VIII, p. 38.

[518] Burgos Cathedral, 82, p. 154.

[519] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, VIII, p. 38.

[520] Guerrero Lafuente & Álvarez Castillo ´Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos´, Tome II, 5, p. 182.

[521] San Pedro de Cardeña, 322, p. 371.

[522] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 376 bis, p. 403.

[523] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXII, p. 436.

[524] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXII, p. 436.

[525] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXIII, p. 438.

[526] Burgos Cathedral, 25, p. 60.

[527] San Pedro de Cardeña, 339, p. 391.

[528] Sahagún, Tomo III, 782, p. 71.

[529] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 49, p. 45.

[530] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. II, 57, p. 50.

[531] Sahagún, Tomo III, 823, p. 121.

[532] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXIII, p. 438.

[533] San Juan de la Peña, Tome I, 55, cited in Torres (1999), p. 394.

[534] Torres (1999), pp. 394-6.

[535] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 146, p. 149.

[536] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 192, p. 191.

[537] San Millán de la Cogolla, Vol. I, 193, p. 193.

[538] Martín Duque, A. J. (1983) Documentación medieval de Leire (siglos IX a XII) (Pamplona) ("Leire") 32, 33, and 41, pp. 62-4 and 73.

[539] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 50.

[540] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LXII, p. 80.

[541] Burgos Cathedral, 19, p. 40.

[542] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXII, p. 436.

[543] San Salvador de Oña (Álamo), no. 76, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 51.

[544] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 46.

[545] San Pedro de Cardeña, 249, p. 295.

[546] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[547] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[548] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[549] Valvanera, 69, p. 70.

[550] Sahagún, Tomo III, 823, p. 121.

[551] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[552] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[553] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[554] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[555] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[556] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[557] Cartulario de Santo Toribio de Liébana, ed. L. Sánchez Belda (Madrid, 1948) ["STL"], doc. 38, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 236.

[558] STL, doc. 70, cited in Torres (1999), p. 237.

[559] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura XCI, p. 460, and Sahagún, Tomo II, 530, p. 213.

[560] León Cathedral, Vol. IV, 1114, p. 321.

[561] López Ferreiro, A. (1899) Historia de la Santa Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela (Santiago), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCVII, p. 245.

[562] Núñez Contreras (1977), 13, p. 472.

[563] Saez, E. (1987) Colección documental del archivo de la Catedral de Léon (León) (“León Cathedral”), Vol. I, 101, p. 164.

[564] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLIII, p. 56.

[565] Mínguez Fernández, J. M. (ed.) (1976) Colección diplomatica del Monasterio de Sahagún, Siglos IX y X (León) (“Sahagún”), Tomo I, 331.

[566] Sáez, E. and Sáez, C. (eds.) (2006) Colección diplomática del monasterio de Celanova (Alcalá de Henares) (“Celanova”), Tome III, 229, p. 48.

[567] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[568] Celanova, Tome III, 229, p. 48.

[569] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[570] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LII, p. 67.

[571] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XXXIV, p. 40.

[572] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLII, p. 55.

[573] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLV, p. 59.

[574] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LII, p. 67.

[575] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LII, p. 67.

[576] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LII, p. 67.

[577] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLVII, p. 61.

[578] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLIII, p. 56.

[579] Pérez de Urbel, F. J. (1969/70) El condado de Castilla 3 vols. (Madrid), Vol. III, p. 59.

[580] Santillana del Mar, 87 (Regestalia).

[581] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLIV, p. 58.

[582] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LXIV, p. 83.

[583] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LXIV, p. 83.

[584] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LXIV, p. 83.

[585] Carlé, M. C. 'Gran propiedad y grandes propietarios', Cuadernos de Historia de España LVII-LVIII (1973), pp. 1-221, 182, cited in Torres (1999), p. 274.

[586] Sahagún, Tomo I, 318.

[587] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LVII, p. 72.

[588] Santillana del Mar, 57 (Regestalia).

[589] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XXVI, p. 29.

[590] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LVII, p. 72.

[591] Santillana del Mar, 57 (Regestalia).

[592] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LVII, p. 72.

[593] Santillana del Mar, 57 (Regestalia).

[594] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LVII, p. 72.

[595] Santillana del Mar, 57 (Regestalia).

[596] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LVII, p. 72.

[597] Santillana del Mar, 57 (Regestalia).

[598] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LVII, p. 72.

[599] Santillana del Mar, 57 (Regestalia).

[600] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XXVI, p. 29.

[601] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LVII, p. 72.

[602] Santillana del Mar, 57 (Regestalia).

[603] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LVII, p. 72.

[604] Santillana del Mar, 57 (Regestalia).

[605] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), IV, p. 5.

[606] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLVII, p. 61.

[607] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLVIII, p. 62.

[608] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 210.

[609] Ruiz Asencio, J. M. (ed.) (1987) Colección documental del archivo de la Catedral de León (León) ("León Cathedral"), Vol. III, 802, p. 391.

[610] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLVII, p. 61.

[611] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLVIII, p. 62.

[612] León Cathedral, Vol. III, 855, p. 461.

[613] León Cathedral, Vol. III, 709, p. 268.

[614] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 210.

[615] León Cathedral, Vol. III, 754, p. 327.

[616] León Cathedral, Vol. III, 802, p. 391.

[617] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, pp. 209-11.

[618] León Cathedral, Vol. III, 855, p. 461.

[619] Cavero Domínguez, G. & Martín López, E. (eds.) (1999) Colección documental de la Catedral de Astorga (León) ("Astorga Cathedral"), Vol. I, 328, p. 271.

[620] León Cathedral, Vol. III, 709, p. 268.

[621] Astorga Cathedral, Vol. I, 328, p. 271.

[622] Núñez Contreras (1977), 13, p. 472.

[623] Núñez Contreras (1977), 18, p. 484.

[624] Sahagún, Tomo II, 454, p. 112.

[625] Tordesillas, 4, p. 4.

[626] Sahagún, Tomo II, 459, p. 118.

[627] Sahagún, Tomo II, 477, p. 142.

[628] Sahagún, Tomo II, 477, p. 142.

[629] Sahagún, Tomo II, 477, p. 142.

[630] Sahagún, Tomo II, 477, p. 142.

[631] Sahagún, Tomo II, 477, p. 142.

[632] Sahagún, Tomo II, 477, p. 142.

[633] Sahagún, Tomo II, 424, p. 74.

[634] Sahagún, Tomo II, 454, p. 112.

[635] Tordesillas, 4, p. 4.

[636] Sahagún, Tomo II, 473, p. 134.

[637] Sahagún, Tomo II, 424, p. 74.

[638] Sahagún, Tomo II, 454, p. 112.

[639] Sahagún, Tomo II, 473, p. 134.

[640] Sahagún, Tomo II, 477, p. 142.

[641] Sahagún, Tomo II, 479, p. 146.

[642] Sahagún, Tomo II, 424, p. 74.

[643] Sahagún, Tomo II, 473, p. 134.

[644] Sahagún, Tomo II, 479, p. 146.

[645] Sahagún, Tomo II, 473, p. 134.

[646] Sahagún, Tomo II, 479, p. 146.

[647] Sahagún, Tomo II, 520, p. 200.

[648] Sahagún, Tomo II, 609, p. 305.

[649] Sahagún, Tomo II, 520, p. 200.

[650] Sahagún, Tomo II, 609, p. 305.

[651] Sahagún, Tomo II, 679, p. 395.

[652] Sahagún, Tomo III, 731, p. 7.

[653] Sahagún, Tomo III, 850, p. 155.

[654] Sahagún, Tomo II, 679, p. 395.

[655] Sahagún, Tomo III, 731, p. 7.

[656] Sahagún, Tomo IV, 1198, p. 52.

[657] Sahagún, Tomo IV, 1198, p. 52.

[658] Sahagún, Tomo II, 679, p. 395.

[659] Sahagún, Tomo III, 731, p. 7.

[660] Sahagún, Tomo III, 850, p. 155.

[661] Oviedo Cathedral, doc. 106, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 380.

[662] Sahagún, Tomo III, 981, p. 312.

[663] Sahagún, Tomo III, 1100, p. 453.

[664] Sahagún, Tomo III, 1124, p. 484.

[665] Sahagún, Tomo II, 473, p. 134.

[666] Sahagún, Tomo II, 473, p. 134.

[667] Sahagún, Tomo II, 473, p. 134.

[668] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 171 (Regestalia).

[669] León Cathedral, Vol. I, 86, p. 143.

[670] Arlanza, XIV, p. 40.

[671] Arlanza, XIV, p. 40.

[672] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 59.

[673] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XL, p. 50.

[674] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XXVI, p. 381.

[675] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 374.

[676] Infantado de Covarrubias, VII, p. 13.

[677] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 58, and Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 539.

[678] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LII, p. 67.

[679] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XL, p. 50.

[680] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XL, p. 50.

[681] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLI, p. 51.

[682] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XL, p. 50.

[683] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLIII, p. 56.

[684] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 59.

[685] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LXXXVII, p. 109.

[686] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LXXXVII, p. 109.

[687] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XXXVI, p. 44.

[688] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XIII, p. 15.

[689] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XL, p. 50.

[690] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XLI, p. 51.

[691] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XXXIV, p. 40.

[692] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XL, p. 50.

[693] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XXXIV, p. 40.

[694] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), XIII, p. 15.

[695] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), LI, p. 66.

[696] Santillana del Mar (Jusué), VII, p. 8.

[697] Rodríguez de Diego, J. L. (2004) Colección diplomática de Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo (852-1230) (Junta de Castilla y León) (“Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo”), 8, p. 102.

[698] Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo, 8, p. 102.

[699] Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo, 5, p. 99.

[700] Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo, 6, p. 100.

[701] Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo, 8, p. 102.

[702] Sahagún, Tomo IV, 1174, p. 7.

[703] Santa María de Aguilar de Campoo, 6, p. 100.

[704] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.