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modena, FERRARA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 2. MARCHESI d'ESTE, SIGNORI di FERRARA Chapter 3. SIGNORI di FERRARA, SIGNORI di MODENA, SIGNORI di REGGIO Chapter 4. DUKES of FERRARA, MODENA and REGGIO A. DUKES of FERRARA, MODENA and REGGIO 1471-1803 (ESTE) C. DUKES of MODENA and REGGIO 1803 (HABSBURG-LOTHRINGEN)
INTRODUCTION
The Este family, having owned land throughout north and central Italy from the 10th century, established their main residence at Este in the Padovano in the second half of the 12th century. The family took over the interests of the Adelardi in Ferrara on their extinction. They acquired Modena and Reggio in Emilia. By 1500, the family´s lands in Este itself had been surrendered to Venice[1].
Chapter 1. MARCHESI d'ESTE
ALBERTO AZZO [II], son of ALBERTO Azzo [I] Conte di Luni & his wife --- ([996]-Vangadizza monastery 1097, after 13 Apr). "Oldericus Maginfredus marchio f. quondam…Maginfredi marchionis et Berta comitissa jugales filia q. Obberti marchionis" sold property "in comitatu Parmensi, Placensiensi, Ticinensi, Tortonensi, Vercellensi, Aquensi, Astensi, Eporediensi, Torinensi, Oradiensi, Albensi, Avigenensi, Aberganensi, Vigintimiliensi" to "Sigifredo presbitero filio q. Adelgisi", with "notitia propinquorum parentum suorum, id est Adalberti marchionis germani sui et Alberti infantis nepotis sui", by charter dated 6 Jun 1021[2]. He succeeded his father as Conte di Luni. Marchese. The Annalista Saxo calls him "Azoni marchioni de Langobardia de castris Calun et Estin"[3]. "Albertus qui Azo marchio vocatur…professus…lege Langobardorum" donated property "in comitatu Patavensis" to the monastery of Santa Maria in Vangadizza "in comitato Vicentino adque in comitato Patavino" to "Gaxdia puella…filia et germana nostra" by charter dated 26 Sep 1075[4]. A charter dated 31 May 1079 records an agreement between the church of Verona and "marchionem Azonem et Ugonem et Fulconem germanos filios eiusdem marchionis Azonis"[5]. The Genealogia Welforum calls him "marchio Etius cum curte Elisina"[6]. "Fulco filius Alberti marchionis qui Azo marchio" swore allegiance to "Ugo germano meo" by charter dated 6 Apr 1095, the text of which refers to their father as still living[7]. "Albertus marchio qui Azo marchio…[et] filius…Ugo" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria in Vangadizza by charter dated 13 Apr 1097[8]. The Chronicon of Bernold records the death in 1097 of "Azzo marchio de Longobardia, pater Welfonis ducis de Baiowaria" commenting that he was "iam maior centenario"[9]. m firstly ([1035]) KUNIGUNDE von Altdorf, daughter of WELF [II] Graf von Altdorf & his wife Irmtrud im Moselgau [Wigeriche] ([1020]-31 Mar before 1055, bur Vangadizza monastery). The Genealogia Welforum names "Cunizam" as daughter of Welf and his wife Imiza, specifying that she married "marchio Etius cum curte Elisina"[10]. The Annalista Saxo names "Cunizam" daughter of Welf, and her husband "Azoni marchioni de Langobardia de castris Calun et Estin"[11]. m secondly ([1049/51]) as her second husband, GERSENDE du Maine, repudiated wife of THIBAUT [III] Comte de Blois, daughter of HERIBERT [I] "Euigilans Canis/Eveille-chien" Comte du Maine & his wife ---([1025/35]-). The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records that "Atho marchisius" left Maine in the hands of "Gaufridi de Meduana", also naming "uxor eiusdem marchisii Garcendis…filia Herberti Cenomannorum…comitis…Evigila Canem" and specifying that she had married firstly "Theobaldo duci Campanie" and that he had repudiated her[12]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Hugo filius Herberti" and his wife “Bertam ipsius relictam, Tedbaldi Blesensium comitis sororem” had “filium...Herbertum et tres filias”, of whom one married “Azsoni marchiso Ligurić” (which would be difficult to sustain chronologically and confuses the children of Hugues [IV] Comte du Maine with his sisters)[13]. Mistress (1): MATILDA, sister of GUGLIELMO Vescovo, from Padua and Vedova. Alberto Azzo [II] & his first wife had one child: 1. WELF [IV] ([1035/40]-Paphos Cyprus 9 Nov 1101, bur Cyprus, removed to Weingarten, near Lake Constance). The Annalista Saxo names "Welfum seniorum" son of "Azoni marchioni de Langobardia de castris Calun et Estin" & his wife "Cunizam"[14]. He was installed in 1070 as WELF [I] Duke of Bavaria by Heinrich [IV] King of Germany. Alberto Azzo [II] & his second wife had two children: 2. UGO d'Este (-1131). His parentage is stated by Orderic Vitalis, as noted below, who says that he was younger than his brother Folco, although the charters quoted below suggest that the reverse was the case. He succeeded in 1070 as HUGUES [V] Comte du Maine. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed "nostri dilecti cancellarii Ugoni et Fulconi germanis Azonis marchionis filiis" in all their possessions "in comitatu Gauolli, Rodigum, Cederniano, Sarzano, Maretiniago…in comitatu [Pata]uiensi Este" by undated charter placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1077[15]. A charter dated 31 May 1079 records an agreement between the church of Verona and "marchionem Azonem et Ugonem et Fulconem germanos filios eiusdem marchionis Azonis"[16]. He and his brother made no attempt to claim the inheritance in Maine but in 1090 were contacted in Italy by the men of Maine who had rebelled against the Normans: Orderic Vitalis records the rebellion in 1090 of “Cenomanni contra Normannos” and their sending a deputation to “filiis Azsonis marchisi Ligurić” inviting him to come to Maine as their leader, adding that it was agreed between “filiis Azsonis” that “Fulco...major natu” should retain “patris honorem in Italia” while “Hugo...frater eius” should claim “Cenomannensem principatum ex matris hereditate”[17]. Hugues arrived in Maine and was helped by Geoffrey de Mayenne to recover his maternal inheritance. According to Orderic Vitalis, when "the men of Maine discovered that their new count had neither riches nor judgment and courage to commend him, the hotheads began to regret their action"[18]. He betrayed Matilda Ctss of Tuscany (married to his half-brother's son) in early 1091, frustrating her plan to capture Emperor Heinrich [IV] during the latter's journey to Italy[19]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Helias consobrinus eius” suggested to Hugues that he returned “in patriam tuam” and sold him the county, which he did for “x milia solidorum”, dated to [1090][20]. "Fulco filius Alberti marchionis qui Azo marchio" swore allegiance to "Ugo germano meo" by charter dated 6 Apr 1095, the text of which refers to their father as still living[21]. "Albertus marchio qui Azo marchio…[et] filius…Ugo" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria in Vangadizza by charter dated 13 Apr 1097[22]. m (1078, repudiated) [ERIA] of Apulia, daughter of ROBERT "Guiscard/Weasel" Duke of Apulia & his second wife Sichelgaita di Salerno. Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugo” had married “filiam Roberti Wiscardi” but had repudiated her, for which Pope Urban II had excommunicated him[23]. Her father's insistance that his principal vassals meet the cost of her wedding caused considerable resentment, triggering the revolt against Robert Guiscard in autumn 1078. Amatus records the marriage of Duke Robert's (unnamed) daughter, endowed "with a very fine dowry", and the (unnamed) son of Marquis Azzo[24]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. Ugo [& his wife] had [three or more] children: a) [AZZO (-after 15 Jul 1142). "Azo marchio filius Hugonis marchionis" donated property to the monastery of S. Maria delle Carceri by charter dated 26 Jun 1122, witnessed by "Fulcho marchio, Azo filio eius, Robertus marchio…"[25]. "Azo, et Fulco marchiones" donated property to the monastery of S. Maria delle Carceri by charter dated 4 Dec 1139[26]. The testament of "Azo marchio", dated 15 Jul 1142, bequeathed property to "uxor mea Aichiva…fratres meis"[27]. m AICHIVA, daughter of --- (-after 15 Jul 1142). The testament of "Azo marchio", dated 15 Jul 1142, bequeathed property to "uxor mea Aichiva…fratres meis"[28]. Azzo & his wife had [one child]: i) [daughter . The testament of "Tancredus marchio, Longobardorum lege vivens", dated 27 Feb 1145, bequeathed property to "Manfredum filium meum…Gota uxor mea…propinqui mei Fulconis filii…consanguineć…meć Azonis filić"[29]. The daughter of Azzo in this document has not been identified. However, it is possible that she was the testator´s niece, the daughter of his brother, although the latter mentioned no children in his testament dated 15 Jul 1142.] b) [sons . Azzo had more than one brother, as recorded in the testament of "Azo marchio", dated 15 Jul 1142, which bequeathed property to "uxor mea Aichiva…fratres meis"[30].] c) [TANCREDO (-after 27 Feb 1145). The testament of "Tancredus marchio, Longobardorum lege vivens", dated 27 Feb 1145, bequeathed property to "Manfredum filium meum…Gota uxor mea…propinqui mei Fulconis filii…consanguineć…meć Azonis filić"[31]. Tancredo´s parentage is not known. However, his name suggests a close relationship with the family of the dukes of Apulia, so it is possible that he was a younger son of Ugo and his wife.] m GOTA, daughter of --- (-after 8 Jul 1164). The testament of "Manfredinus marchio", dated 8 Jul 1164, bequeathed property to "uxori suć Villć…filiam suam Agnetem et filium vel filiam quć in utero suć uxoris est…matri suć Gottć"[32]. Tancredo & his wife had one child: i) MANFREDO (-after 8 Jul 1164). The testament of "Tancredus marchio, Longobardorum lege vivens", dated 27 Feb 1145, bequeathed property to "Manfredum filium meum…Gota uxor mea…propinqui mei Fulconis filii…consanguineć…meć Azonis filić"[33]. The testament of "Manfredinus marchio", dated 8 Jul 1164, bequeathed property to "uxori suć Villć…filiam suam Agnetem et filium vel filiam quć in utero suć uxoris est…matri suć Gottć" and appointed "Albertus de Urbana eius socer" as guardian of his children[34]. m GUILLA, daughter of ALBERTO da Urbana & his wife ---. The testament of "Manfredinus marchio", dated 8 Jul 1164, bequeathed property to "uxori suć Villć…filiam suam Agnetem et filium vel filiam quć in utero suć uxoris est…matri suć Gottć" and appointed "Albertus de Urbana eius socer" as guardian of his children[35]. Manfredo & his wife had [two] children: (a) AGNESE . The testament of "Manfredinus marchio", dated 8 Jul 1164, bequeathed property to "uxori suć Villć…filiam suam Agnetem et filium vel filiam quć in utero suć uxoris est…matri suć Gottć"[36]. (b) [child ([Jul/Dec] 1164-). The testament of "Manfredinus marchio", dated 8 Jul 1164, bequeathed property to "uxori suć Villć…filiam suam Agnetem et filium vel filiam quć in utero suć uxoris est…matri suć Gottć"[37].] 3. FOLCO [I] d'Este (-15 Dec 1128). His parentage is stated by Orderic Vitalis, who says that he was younger than his brother Ugo (see above), although the charters quoted below suggest that the reverse was the case. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed "nostri dilecti cancellarii Ugoni et Fulconi germanis Azonis marchionis filiis" in all their possessions "in comitatu Gauolli, Rodigum, Cederniano, Sarzano, Maretiniago…in comitatu [Pata]uiensi Este" by undated charter placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1077[38]. At Ferrara, Monselice and Montagnana. After his father's death in 1097, the succession of Folco and his brother Ugo in Italy was disputed by their older half-brother Welf [I] Duke of Bavaria who undertook an expedition to Italy to assert his position[39]. - see below. Alberto Azzo [II] had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1): 4. ADELASIA . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m GUGLIELMO [I] Adelardi, son of ---. 1070/1140.
FOLCO [I] d'Este, son of son of ALBERTO AZZO II Conte di Luni [Este] & his second wife Gersende du Maine (-15 Dec 1128). His parentage is stated by Orderic Vitalis, who says that he was younger than his brother Ugo (see above), although the charters quoted below suggest that the reverse was the case. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed "nostri dilecti cancellarii Ugoni et Fulconi germanis Azonis marchionis filiis" in all their possessions "in comitatu Gauolli, Rodigum, Cederniano, Sarzano, Maretiniago…in comitatu [Pata]uiensi Este" by undated charter placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1077[40]. A charter dated 31 May 1079 records an agreement between the church of Verona and "marchionem Azonem et Ugonem et Fulconem germanos filios eiusdem marchionis Azonis"[41]. "Fulco filius Alberti marchionis qui Azo marchio" swore allegiance to "Ugo germano meo" by charter dated 6 Apr 1095, the text of which refers to their father as still living[42]. At Ferrara, Monselice and Montagnana. After his father's death in 1097, the succession of Folco and his brother Ugo in Italy was disputed by their older half-brother Welf [I] Duke of Bavaria who undertook an expedition to Italy to assert his position[43]. "Fulco marchio filius quondam Azonis marchionis habitator in castro…Montagnana" donated property to the monastery of S. Salvatore near Maratica by charter dated 31 Jul 1100[44]. "Domnus Fulco marchio" judged a dispute in favour of the monks of S. Zacheria by charter dated 31 May 1115[45]. "Fulco marchio filius cuiusdam Azonis" donated property to the monastery of S. Benedetto di Polirone, for the soul of "Azonis marchionis genitoris mei", by charter dated 10 Jun 1115, which names "Garsenda comitissa genitrice mea et Ugo germano meo"[46]. The Annales Veronenses record the death "XVIII Kal Jan" in 1128 of "Fulco marchio"[47]. m ---. The name of Folco's wife is not known. She may have been related to Beatrice: the testament of "Domina Beatrix", dated 13 Mar 1165, bequeathed property to "Donella filia mea, neptem meam Beatricem…neptem meam Mariam, Fulcolinum…et Ubertinum nepotes meos", referring to "filia mea defuncta", and to "Fulconi, Alberto et Opizoni marchionibus"[48]. Folco & his wife had six children: 1. AZZO [IV] d'Este . The Chronica Parva Ferrariensis names "quinque germani…Azzo, Bonifacius, Obizo, Fulcho et Albertus" when recording that the nobles of Ferrara invited "aliquem ex marchionibus Estensibus…Obizoni" to rule Ferrara[49]. 1154. 2. BONIFAZIO [I] d'Este (-1163, before 27 Sep). The Chronica Parva Ferrariensis names "quinque germani…Azzo, Bonifacius, Obizo, Fulcho et Albertus" when recording that the nobles of Ferrara invited "aliquem ex marchionibus Estensibus…Obizoni" to rule Ferrara[50]. "Bonifacius marchio habitator in Montefelice" donated property to the monastery of S. Maria delle Carceri by charter dated 12 Apr 1140[51]. He and his brother Folco reached a settlement with their cousin Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony near Verona in Oct 1154 regarding the disputed inheritance of the Este lands in Italy, under which all the brothers recognised the duke's right to Este and neighbouring places but were enfeoffed by him with all these places for themselves and their descendants in the male and female line: a charter dated 27 Oct 1154 records an agreement between "Henricus filius Henrici ducis Saxonum" and "Bonifacium et Fulconem marchiones pro se et fratribus suis Alberto…et Opizone" relating to "Este et Solesino, Arquada atque Merendola"[52]. Duke Welf VI concluded a similar agreement with the brothers in 1160: a charter dated 6 Jan 1160 records an agreement between "Welfus dux Spoleti" and "Obizonem et Albertum marchiones pro se et fratre suo Fulcone qui non aderat" relating to "Este et Arquada et Solesino atque Merendola"[53]. The absence of any mention of Bonifazio suggests that he may have been in some way incapacitated at the time and no longer participating fully in the government of Este. "Fulco et Albertus et Bonefacius marchiones" donated fishing rights to the monastery of S. Maria delle Carceri by charter dated 1161[54]. "Obizo et Bonifacius marchiones Estenses, Vezolus de Camino, Yzelinus de Honara…" signed the charter dated 7 Feb 1164 under which "Bonifacius comes Veronensis filius olim comitis Malregolati" swore allegiance to Emperor Friedrich I[55]. m ---. The name of Bonifazio's wife is not known. Bonifazio & his wife had two children: a) MARIA d´Este . "Comitissa Maria filia quondam Bonifacii marchionis" donated property, held "indivisa Aluica sorore sua", to the monastery of S. Maria delle Carceri, with the consent of "Henrici comitis jugalis", by charter dated 27 Sep 1163[56]. m HENRICO Conte, son of ---. b) ALUISA d´Este . "Comitissa Maria filia quondam Bonifacii marchionis" donated property, held "indivisa Aluica sorore sua", to the monastery of S. Maria delle Carceri, with the consent of "Henrici comitis jugalis", by charter dated 27 Sep 1163[57]. 3. FOLCO [II] d'Este (-before 1172). The Chronica Parva Ferrariensis names "quinque germani…Azzo, Bonifacius, Obizo, Fulcho et Albertus" when recording that the nobles of Ferrara invited "aliquem ex marchionibus Estensibus…Obizoni" to rule Ferrara[58]. Marchese. A charter dated 27 Oct 1154 records an agreement between "Henricus filius Henrici ducis Saxonum" and "Bonifacium et Fulconem marchiones pro se et fratribus suis Alberto…et Opizone" relating to "Este et Solesino, Arquada atque Merendola"[59]. A charter dated 6 Jan 1160 records an agreement between "Welfus dux Spoleti" and "Obizonem et Albertum marchiones pro se et fratre suo Fulcone qui non aderat" relating to "Este et Arquada et Solesino atque Merendola"[60]. "Fulco et Albertus et Bonefacius marchiones" donated fishing rights to the monastery of S. Maria delle Carceri by charter dated 1161[61]. Marchese d'Este. A charter dated 1171 records the settlement of a dispute between the monastery of S. Benedetto di Polirone and "marchiones de Este…Fulconem, Albertum, Opizonem"[62]. A charter dated 28 Jan 1173 records an agreement between the monastery of S. Benedetto di Polirone and "dominos marchiones de Adeste…Fulconem et Albertum, atque Opizonem fratres, filios quondam marchionis Fulconis"[63]. m ---. The name of Folco's wife is not known. Folco [II] & his wife had one child: a) BONIFAZIO [II] d'Este (-1190). "Taurellus" recorded the settlement of disputes between "marchiones Albertum, Opizum et Bonifacium" regarding their respective territories by charter dated 15 Jun 1178[64]. The parentage of Bonifazio is not specified. His position in the list suggests that he was the most junior of the three. Alberto and Obizzo were at that time the only surviving sons of Folco d´Este. It is therefore likely that Bonifazio was the son of one of their deceased brothers. As Bonifazio [I] only names daughters in his 1163 testament (see above), it is likely that Bonifazio [II] was the son of Folco [II]. His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 15 Jul 1193 which names "marchio Fulcus et eius filius marchio Bonifacinus"[65]. 4. ALBERTO d'Este (-after 10 Apr 1184). The Chronica Parva Ferrariensis names "quinque germani…Azzo, Bonifacius, Obizo, Fulcho et Albertus" when recording that the nobles of Ferrara invited "aliquem ex marchionibus Estensibus…Obizoni" to rule Ferrara[66]. Marchese. A charter dated 27 Oct 1154 records an agreement between "Henricus filius Henrici ducis Saxonum" and "Bonifacium et Fulconem marchiones pro se et fratribus suis Alberto…et Opizone" relating to "Este et Solesino, Arquada atque Merendola"[67]. A charter dated 6 Jan 1160 records an agreement between "Welfus dux Spoleti" and "Obizonem et Albertum marchiones pro se et fratre suo Fulcone qui non aderat" relating to "Este et Arquada et Solesino atque Merendola"[68]. "Fulco et Albertus et Bonefacius marchiones" donated fishing rights to the monastery of S. Maria delle Carceri by charter dated 1161[69]. Marchese d'Este. "Albertum et Obizonem marchiones Estenses" confirmed possessions of the abbey of S. Maria della Vangadizza by charter dated 3 Apr 1170[70]. A charter dated 1171 records the settlement of a dispute between the monastery of S. Benedetto di Polirone and "marchiones de Este…Fulconem, Albertum, Opizonem"[71]. A charter dated 28 Jan 1173 records an agreement between the monastery of S. Benedetto di Polirone and "dominos marchiones de Adeste…Fulconem et Albertum, atque Opizonem fratres, filios quondam marchionis Fulconis"[72]. "Taurellus" recorded the settlement of disputes between "marchiones Albertum, Opizum et Bonifacium" regarding their respective territories by charter dated 15 Jun 1178[73]. The testament of "marchio Albertus", dated 10 Apr 1184, bequeathed property to "Adelasiam et Aureplasem filias meas…uxori meć…fratri meo Opizoni"[74]. m MATILDA, daughter of --- (-after 15 Jul 1193). A charter dated 15 Jul 1193 records the settlement of disputes between "dominum Obizonem marchionem de Este" and "dominas Adelasiam et Auremplasiam filias quondam marchionis Alberti de Este…dominam comitissam Matildam uxorem quondam marchionis Alberti et suas filias dominam Adhelasiam et dominam Auremplasiam" regarding their inheritance[75]. Alberto & his wife had two children: a) ADELASIA d'Este (-after 15 Jul 1193). The testament of "marchio Albertus", dated 10 Apr 1184, bequeathed property to "Adelasiam et Aureplasem filias meas…uxori meć…fratri meo Opizoni"[76]. A charter dated 15 Jul 1193 records the settlement of disputes between "dominum Obizonem marchionem de Este" and "dominas Adelasiam et Auremplasiam filias quondam marchionis Alberti de Este…dominam comitissam Matildam uxorem quondam marchionis Alberti et suas filias dominam Adhelasiam et dominam Auremplasiam" regarding their inheritance[77]. b) AUREMPLASIA d'Este (-after 15 Jul 1193). The testament of "marchio Albertus", dated 10 Apr 1184, bequeathed property to "Adelasiam et Aureplasem filias meas…uxori meć…fratri meo Opizoni"[78]. A charter dated 15 Jul 1193 records the settlement of disputes between "dominum Obizonem marchionem de Este" and "dominas Adelasiam et Auremplasiam filias quondam marchionis Alberti de Este…dominam comitissam Matildam uxorem quondam marchionis Alberti et suas filias dominam Adhelasiam et dominam Auremplasiam" regarding their inheritance[79]. 5. OBIZZO [I] d'Este (-[25 Dec 1193]). The Chronica Parva Ferrariensis names "quinque germani…Azzo, Bonifacius, Obizo, Fulcho et Albertus" when recording that the nobles of Ferrara invited "aliquem ex marchionibus Estensibus…Obizoni" to rule Ferrara[80]. Marchese 1154. "Obizo et Bonifacius marchiones Estenses, Vezolus de Camino, Yzelinus de Honara…" signed the charter dated 7 Feb 1164 under which "Bonifacius comes Veronensis filius olim comitis Malregolati" swore allegiance to Emperor Friedrich I[81]. A charter dated 6 Aug 1169 records a dispute between the monastery of S. Maria delle Carceri and "marchionem Opizonem"[82]. Marchese d'Este 1173. He was created Marchese of Genoa and Milan in 1184 by the emperor. Podestŕ di Padua 1177/1180-1181. Signore di Ferrara 1187, where he was granted the possessions of the Adelardi family. Avocato of San Romano at Ferrara 1188. Signore di Rovigo 1191. 6. BEATRICE d’Este . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.
Chapter 2. MARCHESI d'ESTE, SIGNORI di FERRARA
OBIZZO [I] d'Este, son of FOLCO [I] d'Este & his wife --- (-[25 Dec 1193]). A charter dated 27 Oct 1154 records an agreement between "Henricus filius Henrici ducis Saxonum" and "Bonifacium et Fulconem marchiones pro se et fratribus suis Alberto…et Opizone" relating to "Este et Solesino, Arquada atque Merendola"[83]. A charter dated 6 Jan 1160 records an agreement between "Welfus dux Spoleti" and "Obizonem et Albertum marchiones pro se et fratre suo Fulcone qui non aderat" relating to "Este et Arquada et Solesino atque Merendola"[84]. "Obizo et Bonifacius marchiones Estenses, Vezolus de Camino, Yzelinus de Honara…" signed the charter dated 7 Feb 1164 under which "Bonifacius comes Veronensis filius olim comitis Malregolati" swore allegiance to Emperor Friedrich I[85]. A charter dated 6 Aug 1169 records a dispute between the monastery of S. Maria delle Carceri and "marchionem Opizonem"[86]. Marchese d'Este. "Albertum et Obizonem marchiones Estenses" confirmed possessions of the abbey of S. Maria della Vangadizza by charter dated 3 Apr 1170[87]. A charter dated 1171 records the settlement of a dispute between the monastery of S. Benedetto di Polirone and "marchiones de Este…Fulconem, Albertum, Opizonem"[88]. A charter dated 28 Jan 1173 records an agreement between the monastery of S. Benedetto di Polirone and "dominos marchiones de Adeste…Fulconem et Albertum, atque Opizonem fratres, filios quondam marchionis Fulconis"[89]. "Taurellus" recorded the settlement of disputes between "marchiones Albertum, Opizum et Bonifacium" regarding their respective territories by charter dated 15 Jun 1178[90]. He was created Marchese di Genoa & Milan in 1184 by the emperor. Podestŕ di Padua 1177/1180-1181. Signore di Ferrara 1187, where he was granted the possessions of the Adelardi family. The Chronica Parva Ferrariensis records that, after the death of "Guililemus Marchesellć de familia Adelardorum", the nobles of Ferrara invited "aliquem ex marchionibus Estensibus…Obizoni" to rule Ferrara[91]. Vogt of San Romano at Ferrara 1188. Signore di Rovigo 1191. The testament of "Obizo marchio de Est", dated 1193, bequeathes property to "Gaysedam filiam suam…reliquas…filias…Adeletam, Froam, Tomasinam, et postumam, si qua forte apparuerit…Azzonem nepotem suum et Bonifatium filium suum…comitissa Sophia uxor sua" and appoints "supradictum Azzonem" as guardian of "filio suo Bonifatio et filiabus suis"[92]. m firstly ---. The name of Obizzo's first wife is not known. The chronology dictates that Obizzo´s oldest son was born from this otherwise unrecorded first marriage as his son was appointed guardian of his father´s minor children, under the testament dated 1193. m secondly SOPHIA da Landinara, daughter of --- (-after 1236). The testament of "Obizo marchio de Est", dated 1193, bequeathes property to "Gaysedam filiam suam…reliquas…filias…Adeletam, Froam, Tomasinam, et postumam, si qua forte apparuerit…Azzonem nepotem suum et Bonifatium filium suum…comitissa Sophia uxor sua" and appoints "supradictum Azzonem" as guardian of "filio suo Bonifatio et filiabus suis"[93]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Obizzo [I] & his first wife had one child: 1. AZZO [V] d'Este (-before 1193). The testament of his father "Obizo marchio de Est", dated 1193, names "Azzonem nepotem suum" and appoints "supradictum Azzonem" as guardian of his children[94]. It is clear that Azzo [VI] was therefore the son of an older deceased son, born from an earlier marriage of his father. His name is confirmed by a charter of Emperor Otto IV dated 10 Feb 1212 which names his son "Azonem…Estensem marchionem filium quondam Azonis, qui fuit filius…marchionis Opizonis"[95]. m ---. The name of Azzo's wife is not known. Azzo [V] & his wife had two children: a) AZZO [VI] "Azzolino" d'Este ([1170]-Nov 1212, bur Vangadizza monastery). The testament of "Obizo marchio de Est", dated 1193, bequeathes property to "Gaysedam filiam suam…reliquas…filias…Adeletam, Froam, Tomasinam, et postumam, si qua forte apparuerit…Azzonem nepotem suum et Bonifatium filium suum…comitissa Sophia uxor sua" and appoints "supradictum Azzonem" as guardian of "filio suo Bonifatio et filiabus suis"[96]. In Castillo di Ariano 1195. Podestŕ di Ferrara 1196, 1205 and 1208. Podestŕ di Padua 1199. Podestŕ di Verona 1206/07. The Annales Veronenses Antiqui record "primitus dominus Aço marchio Estensis" as "potestas Verone" in 1206[97]. The Annales S. Iustinć Patavino record that "Azo marchio Estensis" took control of Verona in 1207 with the consent of "comitis…Sancti Bonifacii et Monticulorum"[98]. A charter dated 28 Aug 1207 records an alliance between the people of Mantua and "domino Azone marchione Estense et comite Bonifacio de Verona" both of whom promised to defend Mantua[99]. Podestŕ di Mantua 1207/08 and 1210/11. The Annales Mantuani record "domnus Azo marchio Estensis" as potestas of Mantua in 1207, 1208, 1210 and 1211[100]. Created Marchese di Ancona e Conte di Loreto by Emperor Otto IV 20 Jan 1210[101]. Emperor Otto IV issued a judgment in favour of "Bonifatius Estensis marchio filius quondam Opizonis Estensis marchio" against "Azonem…Estensem marchionem filium quondam Azonis, qui fuit filius suprascripti marchionis Opizonis" by charter dated 10 Feb 1212[102]. Created Marchese di Ancona by the Pope 10 May 1212. The Annales Mantuani record the death in Nov 1212 of "Azzo marchio secundus"[103]. The testament of "dominus Azzo Estensis marchio", dated 18 Nov 1212, bequeathes property to "filie sue domine Beatrici…Aldeurandinum et Azzolinum novellum filios", a codicil naming "uxori mee domine Ailisii…filie mee Constantie"[104]. The Annales Veronenses Antiqui record the deaths in 1212 of "Aço marchio et comes Bonifacius"[105]. m firstly ---, daughter of [Conte ALDOBRANDINO & his wife ---]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. It is possible that her parentage represents an educated guess based on the name of her son. However, the name Aldobrandino persisted in the family among the descendants of Azzo [VII] d´Este, born from Azzo [VI]´s third marriage, which suggests that the name was introduced into the family in an earlier generation, maybe through the wife of Azzo [V]. m secondly (before 1192) SOPHIE [Eléonore] de Maurienne, daughter of HUMBERT [III] Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie & his third wife Klementia von Zähringen [Baden] ([1167/72]-3 Dec 1202). An epitaph in the monastery of S. Giovanni Batista di Gemmola, placed there in 1578, records the death "VI Id Mai" in 1226 of (her daughter) "Virgo Beatrix" daughter of "Marchio…Estensis…Azo" and his "coniuge patre…Sabaudia cui comitatur"[106]. The primary source which confirms her name as Sophie has not yet been identified. m thirdly (22 Feb 1204) ALIX de Châtillon, daughter of RENAUD de Châtillon-sur-Loing ex-Prince of Antioch & his second wife Stephanie de Milly (-1235 or after). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Aleydem [uxor] marchionis Eystensis in Italia" as third of the three daughters of "Raynaldus de Castellione uxor…relictam principis Raymundi"[107], but it appears chronologically unlikely that Alix could have been the daughter of Renaud by his first wife who died [1163/67]. Pope Innocent III confirmed his protection of "nobili mulieri Aliz, filić quondam principis Rainaldi" by charter dated 16 Jun 1198[108]. A charter dated 22 Feb 1204 records the marriage contract for "dominus Azo Estensis marchio" and "domina Aliz filia quondam Rainaldi principis Antiocheni"[109]. The testament of "dominus Azzo Estensis marchio", dated 18 Nov 1212, bequeathes property to "filie sue domine Beatrici…Aldeurandinum et Azzolinum novellum filios", a codicil naming "uxori mee domine Ailisii…filie mee Constantie"[110]. "Domini Azoni Estensis Marchionis" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria at Carceres, with the consent of "Domina Adelice sua matre", by charter dated 1235[111]. Azzo [VI] & his first wife had one child: i) ALDOBRANDINO [I] d'Este ([1190]-1215). The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino names "Aldrevandinus et Azo" as the two sons of "marchionem Estensem"[112]. The testament of "dominus Azzo Estensis marchio", dated 18 Nov 1212, bequeathes property to "filie sue domine Beatrici…Aldeurandinum et Azzolinum novellum filios", a codicil naming "uxori mee domine Ailisii…filie mee Constantie"[113]. Podestŕ di Ferrara 1212. Podestŕ di Verona 1212/13. The Annales Mantuani record "domnus Azo marchio Estensis…marchio Oldrevandinus filius eius" as potestas of Mantua in 1212 and 1213[114]. He succeeded his father in 1212 as Marchese di Ancona. m ---. The name of Aldobrandino's wife is not known. Aldobrandino [I] & his wife had one child: (a) BEATRICE d'Este (1215-1245 before 8 May, bur Gemmola). Her origin is deduced from the Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam which refers to "domnus Stephanus filius regis Hungarie" as "nepos marchionis Hestensis"[115]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records the marriage in 1235 of "dompna Beatrix olim filia marchionis Aldrevandini" and "regem Ungarie"[116]. The Annales S. Iustinć Patavino record that "Beatrix filia quondam Aldrevandini marchionis Estensis" married "Andree regi Ungarie" in 1235, despite opposition from "filiis regis Bele…et Colomanno"[117]. She returned to Italy after her husband's death in 1235[118]. A later passage in the same source records that she left Hungary "gravida" after her husband died, later gave birth "in Alemaniam" to "filium…Stephanum", and then returned with her child "ad paternam domum"[119]. m (Székesfehérvár 14 May 1234) as his third wife, ANDRÁS II King of Hungary, son of BÉLA III King of Hungary & his first wife Agnčs [Anna] de Châtillon-sur-Loing (1176-21 Sep 1235, bur Egrecz Abbey). Azzo [VI] & his second wife had one child: ii) BEATRICE d’Este (1192-Gemmola 10 May 1226, bur Padua, Santa Sofia, transferred 1256 to Este Santa Tecla). The testament of "dominus Azzo Estensis marchio", dated 18 Nov 1212, bequeathes property to "filie sue domine Beatrici…Aldeurandinum et Azzolinum novellum filios", a codicil naming "uxori mee domine Ailisii…filie mee Constantie"[120]. The Annales S. Iustinć Patavino names "Beatrix…soror supradicti marchionis" (in a passage dealing with Azzo [VII]) adding that she became a nun and was elected abbess of her convent[121]. A charter dated 8 Nov 1216 records that "domini Folchi Padue Potestatis" granted "domine Beatricis filie quondam domini Azonis Hestensis marchionis" property of "quondam domini Alodprandini marchionis et Azonis Novelli eius fratris"[122]. Nun at Gemmola 1221. An epitaph in the monastery of S. Giovanni Batista di Gemmola, placed there in 1578, records the death "VI Id Mai" in 1226 of (her daughter) "Virgo Beatrix" daughter of "Marchio…Estensis…Azo" and his "coniuge patre…Sabaudia cui comitatur"[123]. Azzo [VI] & his third wife had two children: iii) AZZO [VII] d'Este ([1205/10]-Ferrara 17 Feb 1264, bur Ferrara San Francesco). The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino names "Aldrevandinus et Azo" as the two sons of "marchionem Estensem"[124]. Marchese d'Este. Signore di Ferrara 1240. - see below. iv) COSTANZA d´Este ([Nov 1212]-[before 8 Nov 1216]). The testament of "dominus Azzo Estensis marchio", dated 18 Nov 1212, bequeathes property to "filie sue domine Beatrici…Aldeurandinum et Azzolinum novellum filios", a codicil naming "uxori mee domine Ailisii…filie mee Constantie"[125]. The late appearance of Costanza suggests that she was born around the time of the testament shortly before the death of her father. Her absence from the document dated 8 Nov 1216, which granted property to her half-sister Beatrice (see above), suggests that Costanza had already died by that date. b) AGNESE d'Este . The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis states that "Ezelino secundo" had two wives in his boyhood, firstly "dominam Agnetam sororem domini Azonis primi marchionis Estensis" who after her divorce married "domino Dulcemanino…de Padua"[126]. m firstly (divorced) as his first wife, EZZELINO [II] "il Monaco" da Romano, son of EZZELINO [I] "Balbo" da Romano & his wife Honoria --- ([1150]-1235). m secondly DULCEMANINO di Padua, son of ---. Obizzo [I] & his second wife had five children: 2. GERSENDA d’Este . The testament of "Obizo marchio de Est", dated 1193, bequeathes property to "Gaysedam filiam suam…reliquas…filias…Adeletam, Froam, Tomasinam, et postumam, si qua forte apparuerit…Azzonem nepotem suum et Bonifatium filium suum…comitissa Sophia uxor sua" and appoints "supradictum Azzonem" as guardian of "filio suo Bonifatio et filiabus suis"[127]. 3. FORA d’Este . The testament of "Obizo marchio de Est", dated 1193, bequeathes property to "Gaysedam filiam suam…reliquas…filias…Adeletam, Froam, Tomasinam, et postumam, si qua forte apparuerit…Azzonem nepotem suum et Bonifatium filium suum…comitissa Sophia uxor sua" and appoints "supradictum Azzonem" as guardian of "filio suo Bonifatio et filiabus suis"[128]. 4. ADELAIDA d’Este . The testament of "Obizo marchio de Est", dated 1193, bequeathes property to "Gaysedam filiam suam…reliquas…filias…Adeletam, Froam, Tomasinam, et postumam, si qua forte apparuerit…Azzonem nepotem suum et Bonifatium filium suum…comitissa Sophia uxor sua" and appoints "supradictum Azzonem" as guardian of "filio suo Bonifatio et filiabus suis"[129]. 5. TOMMASINA d’Este . The testament of "Obizo marchio de Est", dated 1193, bequeathes property to "Gaysedam filiam suam…reliquas…filias…Adeletam, Froam, Tomasinam, et postumam, si qua forte apparuerit…Azzonem nepotem suum et Bonifatium filium suum…comitissa Sophia uxor sua" and appoints "supradictum Azzonem" as guardian of "filio suo Bonifatio et filiabus suis"[130]. 6. BONIFAZIO d'Este (-7 Jun 1228). The testament of "Obizo marchio de Est", dated 1193, bequeathes property to "Gaysedam filiam suam…reliquas…filias…Adeletam, Froam, Tomasinam, et postumam, si qua forte apparuerit…Azzonem nepotem suum et Bonifatium filium suum…comitissa Sophia uxor sua" and appoints "supradictum Azzonem" as guardian of "filio suo Bonifatio et filiabus suis"[131]. Emperor Otto IV freed "Bonifatius Estensis marchio, filius quondam Opizonis marchionis de Est" from the guardianship of "Azonem Estensem marchionem" by charter dated 10 Feb 1212[132]. The date of this order suggests that Bonifazio must have been at the end of his father´s life and therefore that he was probably one of his youngest children by his second marriage. Marchese d´Este. Emperor Otto IV issued a judgment in favour of "Bonifatius Estensis marchio filius quondam Opizonis Estensis marchio" against "Azonem…Estensem marchionem filium quondam Azonis, qui fuit filius suprascripti marchionis Opizonis" by charter dated 10 Feb 1212[133]. The Annales Veronenses Antiqui record the death in Jun 1228 of "marchio Bonifacius Estensis"[134].
AZZO [VII] d'Este, son of AZZO [VI] "Azzolino" d'Este Marchese di Ancona & his third wife Alix de Châtillon ([1205/10]-Ferrara 17 Feb 1264, bur Ferrara San Francesco). The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino names "Aldrevandinus et Azo" as the two sons of "marchionem Estensem"[135]. An indication of his date of birth is provided by the Annales S. Iustinć Patavino which names "marchio Aldrevandinus…Estensi Azo frater eius" as successor to his brother in 1215 and as "Azo marchio adolescens" in 1224[136]. The testament of "dominus Azzo Estensis marchio", dated 18 Nov 1212, bequeathes property to "filie sue domine Beatrici…Aldeurandinum et Azzolinum novellum filios", a codicil naming "uxori mee domine Ailisii…filie mee Constantie"[137]. Marchese d'Este. Vogt of San Antonio at Ferrara 1229. Podestŕ di Vicenza 1236. "Domini Azoni Estensis Marchionis" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria at Carceres, with the consent of "Domina Adelice sua matre", by charter dated 1235[138]. Azzo expelled Salinguerra Torelli from Ferrara in 1240 as became Signore di Ferrara. Podestŕ di Mantua 1247/53. "Dominus Azo…Estensis et Anconitanus marchio et dominos Lodoycus comes Veronensis et dominus Catelanus domini Guidonis domine Hostie potestas Mantue" agreed peace by charter dated 10 May 1259[139]. The testament of "Azzo…Estensis et Anconitanus marchio", dated 13 Feb 1264, bequeathed property to "filić nostrć Beatrici olim sorori…monasterii [Sancti Antonii de Ferraria]…filić nostrć Costantić…quando eam in matrimonio…comiti Uberto de Maretima…filić nostrć Cobitosć…quando eam…in uxorem…Isnardo marchioni Malaspinć…dominć Mambilić uxori nostrć…Constantić nepti nostrć, sorori Opizonis nepotis nostri…Obizonem legitimum nepotem nostrum filium quondam Rainaldi filii nostri"[140]. The Annales Mantuani record the death in mid-Feb 1264 of "marchio Azzo Estensis…in civitate Ferarie"[141]. m firstly ([1221]) GIOVANNA, daughter of --- (-1233). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly (1238) MABILIA Pallavicini, daughter of GUIDO Pallavicini Marchese of Boudonitza & his wife --- [de Bourgogne] (-Feb 1264). The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam names "Mabilia [filia domnus Markesopolus Pellavicini]" & his wife "de Burgundia" as the wife of "domno Açoni marchioni Hestensi"[142]. The testament of "Azzo…Estensis et Anconitanus marchio", dated 13 Feb 1264, bequeathed property to "…dominć Mambilić uxori nostrć…"[143]. She bequeathed property in Parma to her brother Ubertino by her will dated 1264[144]. Azzo [VII] & his first wife had four children: 1. RINALDO [I] d'Este (shortly after 1221-Apulia 1251). The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam names "Rainaldo principe, quondam filio Açonis marchionis Estensis et Ferraria"[145]. He was a hostage of Emperor Friedrich [II] from 1238 to 1251. The Annales Veronenses record the death in 1251 of "Rainaldus marchio Estensis…carceratus in Apulia" poisoned on the orders of "ipsius regis" [referring to "Conradus rex Apulić"][146]. m (1233 or May 1239) ADELASIA da Romano, daughter of ALBERIGO da Romano & his first wife --- (-1251). The Annales Veronenses record the marriage in 1233 of "Rainaldum marchionem Estensem" and "filiam domni Albrici de Romano"[147]. The Annales S. Iustinć Patavino record that "filium unicum marchionis" married "filiam unicam Albrici" in May 1239[148]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "principem Rainaldum" had married "Albericus…filiam Aledeitam" against the wishes of her uncle Ezzelino[149]. She was a hostage of Emperor Friedrich [II] from 1238 to 1251. Mistress (1) ---. The Annales S. Iustinć Patavino record that "Rainaldus…filius marchionis Estensis" left "filium et filias…de quadam puella nobili de Apulia" while he was in prison[150]. Rinaldo [I] had three illegitimate children by Mistress (1): a) OBIZZO [II] d'Este ([1247]-Ferrara 13 Feb 1293, bur Ferrara Franciscans). The Annales S. Iustinć Patavino record that "Rainaldus…filius marchionis Estensis" left "filium et filias…de quadam puella nobili de Apulia", born while he was in prison, and that he declared as his heir "puerum…Obizum" who was legitimated by "tam per sedem apostolicam, quam per regem Alemanie Guilielmum"[151]. He succeeded his grandfather in 1264 as Signore di Ferrara, Marchese d’Este. - see below. b) CONSTANZA d'Este . The Chronicon Patavinum names "Constantia" as the daughter of "Raynaldus filius marchionis de Est…de quadam domicella nobili de Apulia" born while he was in prison[152]. The testament of "Azzo…Estensis et Anconitanus marchio", dated 13 Feb 1264, bequeathed property to "…Constantić nepti nostrć, sorori Opizonis nepotis nostri…"[153]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m GUIDO di Maltraversi da Lozzo. c) PIETRO d'Este (-1304). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Abbot. 2. BEATRICE d'Este (-18 Jan 1262). The Annales S. Iustinć Patavino records that "Beatrix, prefati marchionis filia" succeeded as abbess after the death of "Beatrix…soror supradicti marchionis" (in a passage dealing with Azzo [VII])[154]. Nun in Ferrara 1254. Founded the convent of San Antonio on the Island in the River Po at Polesine in 1256. The testament of "Azzo…Estensis et Anconitanus marchio", dated 13 Feb 1264, bequeathed property to "filić nostrć Beatrici olim sorori…monasterii [Sancti Antonii de Ferraria]…"[155]. 3. COSTANZA d'Este (-Ferrara after 1315). The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam names "domina Constantia filia Açonis marchioni Hestensis" as wife of "domni Guilielmus primogenitus…domni Pallavicin"[156]. The testament of "Azzo…Estensis et Anconitanus marchio", dated 13 Feb 1264, bequeathed property to "…filić nostrć Costantić…quando eam in matrimonio…comiti Uberto de Maretima…"[157]. Nun at Ferrara San Antonio, after her second husband died. m firstly UMBERTO Conte di Maremma, son of --- (-1264). m secondly GUGLIELMO Pallavicini Marchese di Scipiono, son of --- (-Cremona 28 Dec 1284, bur Cremona cathedral). 4. CUBITOSA d'Este . The testament of "Azzo…Estensis et Anconitanus marchio", dated 13 Feb 1264, bequeathed property to "…filić nostrć Cobitosć…quando eam…in uxorem…Isnardo marchioni Malaspinć…"[158]. m ISNARDO Marchese di Malaspina, son of ---.
Chapter 3. SIGNORI di FERRARA, SIGNORI di MODENA, SIGNORI di REGGIO
OBIZZO [II] d'Este, illegitimate son of RINALDO [I] d'Este & his mistress --- ([1247]-Ferrara 13 Feb 1293, bur Ferrara Franciscans). The Annales S. Iustinć Patavino record that "Rainaldus…filius marchionis Estensis" left "filium et filias…de quadam puella nobili de Apulia", born while he was in prison, and that he declared as his heir "puerum…Obizum" who was legitimated by "tam per sedem apostolicam, quam per regem Alemanie Guilielmum"[159]. The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam names "[filius] natus ex quadam nobile muliere de Neapoli…Opiçonem" and "Rainaldo principe, quondam filio Açonis marchionis Estensis et Ferraria", records that he was expelled from Ferrara and lived in Ravenna before being recalled by his grandfather, and after his mother was drowned in the Adriatic[160]. Legitimated in 1252 by the Pope. The testament of "Azzo…Estensis et Anconitanus marchio", dated 13 Feb 1264, bequeathed property to "…Obizonem legitimum nepotem nostrum filium quondam Rainaldi filii nostri"[161]. He succeeded his grandfather in 1264 as Marchese d’Este, and elected to succeed as hereditary Signore di Ferrara "gubernator et rector et generalis et perpetuus dominus"[162]. The nobles of the city of Modena (the Rangoni, Boschetti and Guidoni) delivered Modena into the hands of Obizzo [II] in 1288, whereby he became Signore di Modena. The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record that "Obizo Marchio Estensis" was elected and installed as "dominus civitatis Mutinć" in 1289[163]. Podestŕ di Reggio 1290, Signore di Reggio. Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records the death in 1293 of "Oppizzo Marchio Estensis filius Raynaldi"[164]. The Chronica Parva Ferrariensis records the death in Feb 1293 of "Obizo" aged 46 after ruling for 29 years[165]. The Chronicon Estense records the death 13 Feb 1293 of "dominus Obizo…marchio Estensis et Marchić Anconitanć, civitatis Ferrarić, Mutinć, Regii dominus generalis" in Ferrara and his burial "ad locum Fratrum Minorem in Ferrara"[166]. m firstly (1263) GIACOMINA Fiesco, daughter of NICCOLŇ Fiesco di Lavagna & his wife Leonora --- (-Ferrara Sep 1287, bur Ferrara Franciscans). The Annales S. Iustinć Patavino record the marriage in 1263 of "Azo…marchio Estensis…nepotem" and "virginem nobilissimam, natione Ianuensem de progenie…pape Innocentii"[167]. The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam refers to the wife of "Opiçonem" as "papa Adrianus…propinquam"[168]. The Historia Ricobaldi Ferrariensis records that "Obizo" married "neptem cardinalis Otthoboni de Flisco Januensis…Jacominam"[169]. The Chronicon Estense records the death in Sep 1287 of "domina Jacobina de Flisco de Janua uxor…domini marchionis opizonis Estensis" in Ferrara and her burial "ad Fratres Minores"[170]. m secondly (contract 28 Jul 1289) as her first husband, COSTANZA della Scala, daughter of ALBERTO [I] della Scala Signore e Capitane di Verona & his wife --- (-Mantua after 27 Apr 1306). The Chronicon Estense records the marriage in Jul 1289 of "dominus marchio Obizo Estensis" and "filiam…domini Alberti de la Scala"[171]. The marriage contract between "domini Alberti de la Scala…dominam Constanciam suam filiam" and "domino Obiçoni Estensi et Anconitano marchioni" is dated 28 Jul 1289[172]. She married secondly (contract 19 Jul 1299) Guido Botticella di Bonaccolai Podestŕ di Mantua. The marriage contract between "dominus Guido dictus Botexela de Bonacolsis, Mantue capitaneus generalis" and "domino Alberto de la Scala, Verone capitaneo generali…domine Constantie eius filie [olim uxoris marchionis Estensis]" is dated 19 Jul 1299[173]. "Domina Constantia filia quondam…domini Alberti de la Scala et uxor…domini Guidonis de Bonacosis" granted property to her husband by charter dated 27 Apr 1306[174]. Obizzo [II] & his first wife had five children: 1. AZZO [VIII] d'Este (after 1263-Este 31 Jan 1308, bur Este Santa Tecla, transferred to Ferrara Dominicans). The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam refers to the 3 sons and 4 daughters of "Opiçonem" & his wife "papa Adrianus…propinquam", of whom "primogenitus Aço"[175]. Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Azo Marchio Estensis filius…primogenitus" succeeded on the death of his father "Oppizzo Marchio Estensis filius Raynaldi"[176]. The Istoria of Marino Sanudo Torsello records negotiations for the marriage of "una figlia de miser Piero Tiepolo suo fiol [miser Lorenzo Tiepolo Doge]" and "miser Azzo" son of "marchese Obizone de Este signore allora di Ferrara", dated to 1282 from the context, adding that the negotiations failed because of the death of Azzo (which appears to be incorrect)[177]. He succeeded his father in 1293 as Signore di Ferrara, Modena e Reggio. The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record that "Azzo Marchio" succeeded "Obizo Marchio Estensis" excluding "Aldrovandino et Francisco fratribus suis"[178]. The Chronica Parva Ferrariensis records the succession of "Azo filius eius" on the death in Feb 1293 of "Obizo"[179]. "Dominus Azo Estensis et Anchonitanus marchio et dominus Aldrevandinus et dominus Franciscus eius fratres, marchiones Estenses et Anchonitani, filii et heredes domini Obizoni Estensis et Anchonitani marchionis" reached agreement concerning their inheritance by charter dated 4 Apr 1293[180]. The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record the death in 1308 of "Azzo Marchio Estensis"[181]. The Chronicon Estense records the death "die ultimo" Jan 1308 at Este of "dominus Aczo marchio Estensis" and his burial "ad locum Sanctć Teclć in terra de Est", later transferred to Ferrara "ad Domum Fratrum Prćdicatorum"[182]. m firstly (Ferrara Sep 1282) GIOVANNA Orsini, daughter of BERTOLDO Orsini & his wife Filippa --- (-[1302/04]). The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam refers to the wife of "primogenitus Aço" as "parentela papa Nicholai tertii natione Romani"[183]. The Chronicon Estense records the marriage in Sep 1282 in Ferrara of "domini Azonis filii domini marchionis Obizonis Estensis" and "domina Johanna de Ursinis de Roma"[184]. m secondly (Ferrara Apr 1305) as her first husband, BEATRICE of Sicily, daughter of CHARLES II King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Maria of Hungary (-Andria [1320/21], bur Andria). The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record the marriage "in civitate Ferrarić" in 1304 of "Azzo Estensis Marchio" and "filiam Regis Caroli de Apulia"[185]. The Chronicon Estense records the marriage in Apr 1305 of "dominus Aczo…Estensis et Anconitanus marchio…" and "dominam Beatricem filiam…Regis Karoli de Apulia" in Ferrara[186]. She married secondly (before 24 Jan 1309) Bertrand des Baux Seigneur de Berre Conte d'Andria. According to Kerrebrouck, she died in 1335[187]. Europäische Stammtafeln, on the other hand, says that she died in [1320/21][188], which is consistent with her husband’s second marriage. Azzo [VIII] & his first wife had three children: a) RICCARDO d'Este . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. b) PIETRO d'Este . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Abbot. c) CONSTANZA d'Este . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m [UMBERTO/LAMBERTINO] Caccianemici, son of ---. Azzo [VIII] had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: d) FRESCO d'Este (-Venice 1312). The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record that "Azzo Estensis Marchio…dominus Frischus filius suus naturalis" arrived in Modena in 1306 and was met with riots[189]. He succeeded his father in 1308 as Signore di Ferrara, deposed in Oct 1308. The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record that "Frischo filio" succeeded as "domino Ferrarić" on the death in 1308 of "Azzo Marchio Estensis" but after a few months gave the city to the Venetians[190]. m PELLEGRINA Caccianemici, daughter of CACCIANEMICO Caccianemici & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Fresco & his wife had [three or more] children: i) FOLCO d'Este (-after 10 Oct 1308). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. His grandfather attempted to transfer his lands and lordships to Folco but this provoked a rebellion by the latter's great-uncles. Folco sought support from Venice whose forces occupied by Ferrara but were obliged to surrender to the papal siege in 1310[191]. ii) children. 1300. 2. BEATRICE d'Este (-1 Sep [1334 or 1337], bur Milan Franciscan Church). The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record the marriage "in Prato Entesini, Burgi Bajovarić Mutinć" in 1300 of "Azzo Estensis Marchio…dominam Beatricem sororem suam, uxorem olim Judicis de Gallura" and "domino Galeacio filio domini Massei de Vicecomitibus domini Mediolani"[192]. The Annales Mediolanenses record the marriage in 1299 between "Azzo Marchio Estensis sororem suam Beatricem" and "Galeazio Vicecomiti"[193]. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Dominus Galeazius Mediolani vicarius imperialis" married "parentelć de marchionibus Estensibus de Ferraria…Beatricem"[194]. The Annales Mediolanenses record the death 1 Sep (in 1337 from the context) of "Domina Beatrix de Este de Ferraria mater Domini Azzonis" and her burial "in ecclesia Fratrum Minorem Mediolani"[195]. m firstly UGOLINO Visconti Judge of Gallura, son of --- (-Lucca 2 or 9 Jan 1298). m secondly (24 Jun 1300) GALEAZZO [I] Visconti Signore di Piacenza e Milano, son of MATTEO [I] Visconti & his wife Violanta di Borri (1277-Pescia 6 Aug 1328). 3. MADDALENA d'Este . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m firstly ALDOBRANDINO Turchi, from Ferrara, son of ---. m secondly RANIERO di Canossa, son of ---. 4. ALDOBRANDINO [II] d'Este (-Bologna Jun 1326, bur Ferrara Franciscans). The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record that "Azzo Marchio" succeeded "Obizo Marchio Estensis" excluding "Aldrovandino et Francisco fratribus suis"[196]. He succeeded his father in 1293 as Signore di Modena, Lendinara, Rovigo e d'Este. - see below. 5. FRANCESCO d'Este (-killed in battle Ferrara 23 Aug 1312). "Dominus Obizo Estensis et Anchonitanus marchio" granted "castra…in districtu Paduano et Vicentino…Estensem…Calaonis" to "Francisco filio suo" by charter dated 21 Feb 1282[197]. The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record that "Azzo Marchio" succeeded "Obizo Marchio Estensis" excluding "Aldrovandino et Francisco fratribus suis"[198]. "Dominus Azo Estensis et Anchonitanus marchio et dominus Aldrevandinus et dominus Franciscus eius fratres, marchiones Estenses et Anchonitani, filii et heredes domini Obizoni Estensis et Anchonitani marchionis" reached agreement concerning their inheritance by charter dated 4 Apr 1293[199]. Signore di Reggio. He and his brothers opposed the succession of their great-nephew Folco in 1308 and turned to Padua and the papacy for support. Papal troops besieged Ferrara, which surrendered in 1310 whereupon direct papal rule was established. Francesco was killed in the ensuing disorders[200]. m ORSINA Orsini, daughter of BERTOLDO Orsini & his wife Filippa ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Francesco & his wife had four children: a) AZZO [IX] d'Este (-Ferrara 24 Jun 1318, bur Ferrara Dominicans). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He and his brother, together with their cousins, were restored as Signori di Ferrara in 1317 following a pro-Este revolt in their favour against the papal administration[201]. The Chronicon Estense records the death in 24 Jun 1318 in Ferrara of "dominus Azzo marchio Estensis quondam domini marchionis Francisci Estensis" and his burial "ad locum Fratrum Minorem Prćdictorum", leaving "unus filius…Bertoldus"[202]. m RICCIARDA di Gucellone da Camino, daughter of ---. b) BERTOLDO d'Este (-21 Jul 1343). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He and his brother were restored as Signori di Ferrara in 1317 following a pro-Este revolt in their favour against the papal administration202. m firstly (1324) DOMENICA Pio, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly (Ferrara Jul 1339) CATERINA da Camino, daughter of RICCARDO da Camino & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m thirdly (Florence 6 Jun 1342) CATERINA Visconti, daughter of LUCCHINO Visconti Signore di Milano & his first wife Caterina Spinola. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Bertoldo & his first wife had one child: i) FRANCESCO d'Este (Ferrara Jun 1323 or 1325-Este 13 Dec 1384). The Chronicon Estense records the birth in Jun 1323 in Ferrara of "dominus Franciscus filius domini Bertoldi"[203]. He opposed the succession of his cousin Aldobrandino [III] as Signore di Ferrara in 1352, and sought support from the Visconti, Malatesta, Gonzaga and Carrara families, but renounced his claim in 1354[204]. Governor of Parma 1344. m TADDEA di Barbiano, daughter of GIOVANNI Conte di Barbiano & his wife ---. 1393. Francesco & his wife had three children: (a) GIACOMO d'Este (-Ferrara 28 Oct 1392). Governor of Parma. Capitano of the Visconti. m ---. The name of Giacomo's wife is not known. Giacomo & his wife had one child: (1) OBIZZO d'Este . Canon. (b) AZZO [X] d'Este (1344-Este [1/29] Jan 1415). He challenged the succession of Niccolň [III] as Signore di Ferrara in 1393. Azzo X was finally defeated and captured in 1395. He was held in custody first by Astorgio Manfredi, Signore di Faenza, and later by Venice who used him as their puppet leader when they attacked Ferrara in 1405[205]. m firstly TOMMASINA Guarnioni, daughter of ---. m secondly RICCARDA, daughter of GUACELLO di Canino & his wife ---. m thirdly AMABILIA, daughter of RAMBOLDO di Collalto & his wife ---. Azzo [X] & his [first/second/third] wife had three children: (1) TADDEO d'Este (-near Brescia 21 Jun 1448, bur Este San Francesco). Venetian Governor General in Friulia 1421. Captain General, Condotierre 1437. m firstly (Sep 1420) MADDALENA Arcelli, daughter of FILIPPO Arcelli [Venetian Governor General in Friulia] & his wife ---. m secondly (1442) MARGHERITA Pico, daughter of MARCO Pico & his wife ---. Taddeo & his first wife had two children: a. ELENA d'Este . m LODOVICO Conte Torriani [Thurn], from Udine, son of ---. b. BERTOLDO d'Este (May 1434-killed in battle Corinth 4 Nov 1463, bur Este San Francesco). He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Venetian forces which landed in Nauplia in response to Ottoman attacks on Lepanto and around Modon in 1462. They recaptured Argos and several fortresses before restoring the Hexamilion and besieging Akrocorinth. Bertoldo was struck on the head by a stone during the siege and died from the wound, while the Turks destroyed the Hexamilion again and forced a retreat to Nauplia[206]. Governor General of Morea 1463. m as her first husband, GIACOPA da Leonessa, daughter of GENTILE da Leonessa & his wife ---. She married secondly Pietro Valier. Taddeo had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: c. COSTANZA d'Este . m ANTONIO Benzoni, son of ---. (2) FRANCESCO d'Este (-after May 1424). (3) ORSINA d'Este . m FEDERICO Conte di Porcia, son of ---. (c) ORSINA d'Este . m FEDERICO Savorgnani Signor di Udine, son of ---. c) GIACOPINA d'Este . m ENRICO Scrofegni, son of ---. d) GIOVANNA d'Este . m SIMONE GUIDO Conte di Battifolle, son of ---.
ALDOBRANDINO [II] d'Este, son of OBIZZO [II] Marchese d´Este & his first wife Giacomina Fieschi (-Bologna Jun 1326, bur Ferrara Franciscans). The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record that "Azzo Marchio" succeeded "Obizo Marchio Estensis" excluding "Aldrovandino et Francisco fratribus suis"[207]. He succeeded his father in 1293 as Signore di Modena, Lendinara, Rovigo e d'Este. "Dominus Azo Estensis et Anchonitanus marchio et dominus Aldrevandinus et dominus Franciscus eius fratres, marchiones Estenses et Anchonitani, filii et heredes domini Obizoni Estensis et Anchonitani marchionis" reached agreement concerning their inheritance by charter dated 4 Apr 1293[208]. He lost Este to Padua[209]. The Chronicon Estense records the death in Jun 1326 in Bologna of "marchio Aldrovandinus" and his burial "Ferrariam…ad locum Fratrum Minorem"[210]. m (1289) ALDA Rangoni, daughter of TOBIA Rangoni & his wife --- (-[Sep] 1325). The Chronicon Estense records the marriage in 1288 of "Aldrovandinus filius…domini marchionis" and "dominam Aldam filiam domini Tobić de Rangonibus"[211]. This marriage was arranged as part of the agreement under which her future father-in-law became Signore di Modena[212]. The Chronicon Estense records the death in 1325 (Sep from the context) of "dominć Aldć matris…dominorum marchionum…quć fuerat de Rangonibus"[213]. Aldobrandino [II] & his wife had four children: 1. RINALDO [II] d'Este (-Ferrara 31 Dec 1335). The Chronicon Estense names "marchiones Raynaldus et Obizo et Nicolaus Estensis" as the children of "Aldrovandinus filius…domini marchionis" and his wife "dominam Aldam filiam domini Tobić de Rangonibus"[214]. He and his brothers, together with their cousins, were restored as Signori di Ferrara in 1317 following a pro-Este revolt in their favour against the papal administration[215]. He secured the town of Comacchio, near the coast, in 1325, previously disputed with the Polenta lords of Ravenna. The pope granted him a papal vicariate over Ferrara for 10 years in 1329[216]. m LUCREZIA di Barbiano, daughter of NICCOLŇ Conte di Barbiano & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Rinaldo [II] & his wife had one child: a) BEATRICE d'Este (-10 Feb 1339). By charter dated 18 Dec 1338, "Conte Aymone di Savoia" appointed "Umberto di Vileta Signore di Chevron ed Aimone di Verdon" as proxies to confirm all obligations agreed by "Giacomo di Savoia Principe d'Acaia" relating to the dowry of "Beatrice figlia Rainaudo Marchese di Ferrara"[217]. An agreement dated 22 Jan 1339 between "Beatrice figlia del fu Marchese Renaldo d'Este" and "Obizione e Nicolao Marchesi d'Este" relates to the payment of dowry to "Giacomo di Savoia Principe d'Acaia"[218]. Although the wording of these documents do not confirm that this marriage ever took place (and the evident problems relating to the dowry suggest difficult negotiations), the 16 May 1366 testament of Prince Jacques names "…Principessa Sibilla di Beaux sua Seconda Consorte…" and therefore indicates that he was married before[219]. m (by proxy 18 Dec 1338, 22 Jan 1339[220]) as his first wife, JACQUES de Savoie Signore di Piemonte titular Prince of Achaia, son of PHILIPPE de Savoie Prince of Achaia & his second wife Catherine de Viennois ([6/16] Jan 1315-Pinerolo 14 May 1367). No issue. Rinaldo [II] had four illegitimate children by FURLANA (-7 or 13 Nov 1362) or ORSOLINA Macaruffi, daughter of MACARUFFO Macaruffi Signore di Padua & his wife ---: b) OBIZZO d'Este . 1344. Vicar of Ferrara. One [illegitimate] child: i) [OBIZZO (1347-after 1 Apr 1396). Nepos of Bishop Aldobrandino. Canon at Modena 1359-1395.] c) ALDOBRANDINO d'Este (Ferrara 1325-30 Oct 1381, bur Ferrara cathedral). Legitimated at Ferrara 30 May 1344. Bishop of Adria 1349. Bishop of Modena 1352-1378. Bishop of Ferrara 1379-1381. d) GIACOMA . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ZAMBROSINO Boccadelli, son of ---. e) AZZO d'Este ([1332]-7 Mar 1371, bur Ferrara, Franciscan church). Legitimated at Ferrara 30 May 1344. Podestŕ di Modena 1352. m TOMMASINA de Garamontibus, daughter of DUXIUS de Garamontibus & his wife ---. 2. NICCOLŇ [I] d'Este (-Ferrara 1344). The Chronicon Estense names "marchiones Raynaldus et Obizo et Nicolaus Estensis" as the children of "Aldrovandinus filius…domini marchionis" and his wife "dominam Aldam filiam domini Tobić de Rangonibus"[221]. He and his brothers, together with their cousins, were restored as Signori di Ferrara in 1317 following a pro-Este revolt in their favour against the papal administration216. Citizen of Venice 1331. Vicar of Ferrara 1343. m (Ferrara 21 Jan 1335) BEATRICE Gonzaga, daughter of GUIDO Gonzaga Signore di Mantua & his first wife Agnese Pico di Mirandola. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Niccolň [I] & his wife had one child: a) RINALDO [III] d'Este (1336-1369). 3. OBIZZO [III] d'Este (14 Jul 1294-Ferrara 20 Mar 1352). The Chronicon Estense names "marchiones Raynaldus et Obizo et Nicolaus Estensis" as the children of "Aldrovandinus filius…domini marchionis" and his wife "dominam Aldam filiam domini Tobić de Rangonibus"[222]. He and his brothers, together with their cousins, were restored as Signori di Ferrara in 1317 following a pro-Este revolt in their favour against the papal administration. - see below. 4. ALISIA d'Este (-1329). The Chronicon Estense records the marriage in 1325 (Sep from the context) in Ferrara of "dominam Ilicem sororem dominorum marchionum Estensium…Raynaldi et Obiczonis" and that she left for Mantua, but does not name her husband[223]. The primary source which confirms her husband´s name has not yet been identified. m ([Sep] 1325) RINALDO Passerino Bonacolsi Signore di Mantua, son of --- (-killed in battle 1330).
OBIZZO [III] d'Este, son of ALDOBRANDINO [II d'Este Signor di Modena & his wife Alda Rangoni (14 Jul 1294-Ferrara 20 Mar 1352). The Chronicon Estense names "marchiones Raynaldus et Obizo et Nicolaus Estensis" as the children of "Aldrovandinus filius…domini marchionis" and his wife "dominam Aldam filiam domini Tobić de Rangonibus"[224]. The Chronicon Estense records the birth 14 Jul 1294 of "Aldrovandino…filius masculus…Obiczo"[225]. He and his brothers, together with their cousins, were restored as Signori di Ferrara in 1317 following a pro-Este revolt in their favour against the papal administration216. He recovered the town of Modena in 1336, followed by Argenta and San Felice in 1346[226]. Vicar of Ferrara 1343. Vogt of Pomposa monastery. A number of noble families in Parma invited Obizzo [III] to become Signore di Parma in 1344[227]. The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record the death in 1352 of "Opizo Estensis" and that "Aldrobandinus filius" seized "dominium"[228]. m firstly (May 1317) GIACOMA Pepoli, daughter of ROMO Pepoli, from Bologna, & his wife ---. The Chronicon Estense records the marriage in May 1317 of "dominus Obizo marchio Estensis" and "dominam Jacobam filiam domini Romei de Pepolis de Bononia"[229]. m secondly (1347) LIPPA Ariosto, daughter of nobile GIACOMO Ariosto from Bologna & his wife --- (-27 Nov 1347). She had been his mistress before marrying Obizzo. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Marchio Oppizo Estensis" had "tres filios…Aldrovandinum et alios" by "muliere Bononiensi et sorore Henrici de Ariostis"[230]. Obizzo [III] & his second wife had eight children (born before their parents' marriage, legitimated in 1346 by the Pope): 1. ALDA d'Este (18 Jul 1333-before 24 Sep 1381). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 20 Jun 1377 from "domini Ludovici de Gonzaga" which names his wife "domina Alda" and her brother "dominus Marchio" and "domina Verde consorte ipsius"[231]. "Regina de la Scala consors…domini Mediolani" sent a letter of condolence to "domino Ludovico de Gonzaga" on the death of "consortis vestre et sororis nostre…domine Alde Estensis marchionisse" dated 24 Sep 1381[232]. m (16 Feb 1356) LODOVICO [II] Gonzaga Signore di Mantua, son of GUIDO Gonzaga Signore di Mantua & his third wife Beatrice di Bari (1334-4 Oct 1382). 2. ALISIA d'Este . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. [According to Europäische Stammtafeln[233], Alisia married firstly (Ferrara 1321) Rainaldo Bonaccolsi (-1328), but this is chronologically impossible. Presumably there is confusion with her aunt of the same first name.] m (Ferrara 12 Jul 1349) GUIDO di Polenta Signore di Ravenna, son of ---. 3. RINALDO d'Este . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 4. ALDOBRANDINO [III] d'Este (14 Sep 1335-Ferrara 2/3 Nov 1361). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Marchio Oppizo Estensis" had "tres filios…Aldrovandinum et alios" by "muliere Bononiensi et sorore Henrici de Ariostis"[234]. Vicar of Ferrara 1352. He succeeded in 1354 as Signore di Modena . The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record the death in 1352 of "Opizo Estensis" and that "Aldrobandinus filius" seized "dominium"[235]. m (1351) BEATRICE da Camino, daughter of RICCIARDO da Camino Signore di Treviso & his wife Verde della Scala (-beheaded 1388). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Aldobrandino [III] & his wife had three children: a) NICCOLŇ d'Este (-young). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. b) VERDE d'Este (27 Apr 1354-20 Aug 1400, bur Mindelheim). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m (1377) KONRAD von Teck, son of FRIEDRICH [III] Herzog von Teck & his wife Anna von Helfenstein (-killed in battle [29 Oct 1385/10 Jul 1386], bur Ferrara). c) OBIZZO [IV] d'Este (1356-beheaded 1388). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 5. NICCOLŇ [II] "lo Zoppo" d'Este (Ferrara 17 May 1338-Ferrara 26 Mar 1388). Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Domini Ugolini de Gonzaga Dominus Mantuć…Raymundinus Lupus de Soragna episcopatus Parmić…Taxinus de Donatis de Florentia pro Domino Johanne de Olegio Domino Bononić…Nicolaus frater Domini Oldrevandini Marchionis Ferrarić et Mutinć" formed a league with "societate Teutonicorum Domini Comitis Altimani de Alemannia" in Oct 1357[236]. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Domino Nicolao Domino civitatem Ferrarić et Mutinć" suceeded on the death of "fratris sui Aldrovandini"[237]. He succeeded his brother in 1361 as Signore di Ferrara. He captured Reggio from Feltrino Gonzaga in 1371 but immediately lost it to Bernabň Visconti[238]. m (Feb 1363) VERDE della Scala, daughter of MASTONO [II] Signor di Verona & his wife Taddea da Carrara (-1393 or after). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Domini Canis et Albuinus fratres, filii quondam Domini Mastini de la Scala…sororem" married "Domino Nicolao Domino civitatem Ferrarić et Mutinć", dated to 1362 in a later passage[239]. Her name is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Jun 1377 from "domini Ludovici de Gonzaga" which names his wife "domina Alda" and her brother "dominus Marchio" and "domina Verde consorte ipsius"[240]. Niccolň [II] & his wife had two children: a) TADDEA d'Este (1365-Padua 23 Nov 1404, bur Padua cathedral). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m (Padua 31 May 1377) FRANCESCO [II] "il Giovane" da Carrara, son of FRANCESCO [I] da Carrara Signore di Padova & his wife Fina Buzzacavini (-1406). Signore di Padova 1392. b) RINALDO d'Este (1371-). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 6. AZZO d'Este . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1340/49. 7. UGO d'Este (Ferrara 18 Oct 1344-[2 Aug 1370], bur Ferrara San Francesco). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. m (1363) COSTANZA Malatesta, daughter of MALATESTA [III] Malatesta "l'Ungharo" Signore di Rimini & his wife --- (-1378). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 8. BEATRICE d'Este (-1387). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m (1365) as his second wife, WOLDEMAR I Graf von Anhalt, son of ALBRECHT I Graf von Anhalt in Köthen und Zerbst & his second wife Agnes von Brandenburg [Askanier] (-after 7 Jan 1368). Obizzo [III] had four illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses: 9. ALBERTO d'Este (Ferrara 1347-Ferrara 30 Jul 1393). Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Albertus marchio Estensis frater…marchionis Nicolai" succeeded on the death of his brother "in dominio…civitatum Ferrarić et Mutinć"[241]. He succeeded his half-brother in 1388 as Signore di Ferrara. Co-signore di Ferrara 1385. He succeeded his half-brother 1388 as Signore di Ferrara. He briefly recovered the town of Este in 1389[242]. Founded the University of Ferrara 1391. m (1388) GIOVANNA de' Roberti, daughter of CABRINO de' Roberti, from Reggio & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1425. Mistress (1): ISOTTA Albaresani, daughter of --- (-after 1425). Alberto had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1): a) NICCOLŇ [III] d'Este (Ferrara 9 Nov 1383-poisoned Milan 26 Dec 1441, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli). He was legitimated in 1391 by the Pope. Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Nicolaus filius…marchionis Alberti" succeeded on the death of his father "Albertus marchio Estensis frater…marchionis Nicolai"[243]. He succeeded his father in 1393 as Signore di Ferrara, Modena, Adria, Comacchio e Rovigo. - see below. 10. COSTANZA (1343-1392). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m (2 Feb 1362) as his second wife, GALEOTTO "l'Ungharo" Malatesta Signore di Rimini Under-Signore di Pesaro, son of MALATESTA Malatesta "Guastafamiglia" & his wife --- (Jun 1327-Jul 1372). 11. FOLCO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 12. GIOVANNI (-1388). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.
The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following family members have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.
NICCOLŇ [III] d'Este, son of ALBERTO d'Este Signor di Ferrara & his mistress Isotta Albaresani (Ferrara 9 Nov 1383-poisoned Milan 26 Dec 1441, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli). Legitimated 1391 by the Pope. Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Nicolaus filius…marchionis Alberti" succeeded on the death of his father "Albertus marchio Estensis frater…marchionis Nicolai"[244]. He succeeded his father in 1393 as Signore di Ferrara, Modena, Adria, Comacchio e Rovigo, minor until 1402. His succession was challenged by Azzo [X], who was finally defeated and captured in 1395[245]. His forces temporarily occupied Reggio in 1404, and attacked Piacenza in 1405. In 1404, he helped Francesco da Carrara to defend Padua against attack by Venice, which in 1405 attacked Ferrara and forced commercial concessions from Niccolň[246]. Signore di Reggio e Parma 1409. He was forced to relinquish Parma to Filippo Maria Visconti in 1421[247]. Signore di Lugo 1437. He recovered the Polesine from Venice in 1438, and bought Bagnacavallo and Massalombarda in the Romagna in 1440[248]. The 15th century Cronachetta degli Sforza records the death 26 Dec 1441 "in Milano lo marchese Nicholo de Ferrara"[249]. m firstly (Jun 1397) GIGLIOLA da Carrara, daughter of FRANCESCO [II] "il Giovane" da Carrara Signore di Padova & his wife Taddea d'Este ([1382]-1416). She died of the plague. m secondly (1418) PARISINA Malatesta, daughter of ANDREA Malatesta Signore di Cesena & his wife --- (1404-beheaded Ferrara 21 May 1425). She committed adultery with her husband's illegitimate son Ugo and was beheaded[250]. The 15th century Cronachetta degli Sforza records that "lo marchese Nicholo de Ferrara" beheaded "sua mugliere et Ugo sui figliolo" in 1424, adding that she was "figliola del signore Malatesta de Cesena"[251]. m thirdly ([1429/31]) RICCIARDA di Saluzzo, daughter of TOMASO III Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Marguerite de Roucy (-Ferrara 16 Aug 1474, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli). "Marchese Nicolao d'Este fů Alberto" issued a proxy dated 2 Dec 1430 for the negotiation of his marriage to "Rizarda figlia del fů Marchese di Saluzzo"[252]. Niccolň [III] & his second wife had three children: 1. GINEVRA d'Este (24 Mar 1419-12 Oct 1440). Twin with Luzia. m as his first wife, SIGISMONDO PANDOLFO Malatesta Signore di Rimini, illegitimate son of PANDOLFO [III] Malatesta Signore di Rimini & his mistress Antonia da Barignano (Brescia 19 Jun 1417-Castel Sismondo 7 Oct 1468). 2. LUCIA d'Este (24 Mar 1419-28 Jun 1437). Twin with Ginevra. m (1437) CARLO Gonzaga di Mantua, son of GIANFRANCESCO Gonzaga Marchese di Mantua & his wife Paola Malatesta (-21 Dec 1456). 3. ALBERTO CARLO d'Este (1421-aged 21 days). Niccolň [III] & his third wife had two children: 4. ERCOLE d'Este (26 Oct 1431-25 Jan 1505, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli). Governor of Modena 1463. He succeeded his half-brother in 1471 as ERCOLE I Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio. - DUKES of FERRARA, MODENA and REGGIO. 5. SIGISMONDO d'Este (1433-Ferrara 1 Apr 1507). Signore di San Martino di Rio 11 May 1501. Niccolň [III] had three illegitimate children by STELLA dei Tolomei dell´Assassino, daughter of --- (bur Ferrara San Francesco). 6. UGO d'Este (1405-beheaded Ferrara 21 May 1425). He committed adultery with his father's second wife and was beheaded[253]. The 15th century Cronachetta degli Sforza records that "lo marchese Nicholo de Ferrara" beheaded "sua mugliere et Ugo sui figliolo" in 1424, adding that she was "figliola del signore Malatesta de Cesena"[254]. 7. LEONELLO d'Este (Ferrara 21 Sep 1407-Palazzo di Belriguardo 1 Oct 1450, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli). He was legitimated by the Pope in 1429. He succeeded his father in 1441 as Signore di Ferrara, Modena e Reggio. m firstly (Jan 1435) MARGHERITA Gonzaga, daughter of GIANFRANCESCO Gonzaga Marchese di Mantua & his wife Paola Malatesta (-3 Jul 1439). m secondly (20 May 1444) MARIA d'Aragona, illegitimate daughter of ALFONSO V King of Aragon and Naples & his mistress Giraldona Carlino (-9 Dec 1449, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli). The Annales Ludovici di Raimo record the marriage 13 Apr 1444 of "Madama Maria figliola del Re d´Aragona" and "al Marchese di Ferrara"[255]. Leonello & his first wife had one child: a) NICCOLŇ d'Este (Ferrara 20 Jul 1438-beheaded Ferrara 4 Sep 1476, bur Ferrara San Francesco). Leonello had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: b) FRANCESCO d'Este (1444-after 1471). 8. BORSO d'Este (1413-Ferrara 19 Aug 1471, bur Certosa). He succeeded his brother 1450 as Signore di Ferrara, Modena e Reggio. He was created Duke of Modena and Reggio by the Emperor 1452. He was created Duke of Ferrara by the Pope 14 Apr 1471. Niccolň [III] had one illegitimate child by CATERINA de´ Medici, daughter of ---. 9. MELIADUSE d'Este (1406-1452). Abbot of Pomposa and Ferrara, resigned 1425. Meliaduse had six illegitimate children by unknown mistresses: a) SCIPIONE d'Este . Scipione had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: i) MELIADUSE d'Este (-after 1522). Bishop of Comacchio 1497-1506. Canon at Ferrara 1519. Meliaduse had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses: (a) ERCOLE d'Este . 1501. (b) SCIPIONE d'Este (Ferrara 1498-Casale Monferrato 15 Jul 1567, bur Casale cathedral). Bishop of Casale. Scipione had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: (1) PAOLO d'Este . b) POLISSENA d'Este . m firstly GIOVANNI Romei, son of ---. m secondly SCARMACCIO Visconti, son of ---. c) 2 sons. d) 2 daughters. Niccolň [III] had two illegitimate children by FILIPPA della Tavola, daughter of ---. 10. GURONE Maria d'Este (-1484). Canon at Ferrara. Apostolic protonotary. Abbot of Nonantola Santa Maria di Gavello e Campagnola. Gurone had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: a) NICCOLŇ MARIA d'Este (-Ferrara 5 Aug 1507, bur Ferrara cathedral). Provost at Bondeno and Commendatario-Abbot of Santa Maria di Gavello 1483. Bishop of Adria 1487-1502. Governor of Viterbo 1502-1503. Niccolň had three illegitimate children by unknown mistresses: i) NICCOLŇ . ii) GURONE . iii) ERCOLE . 11. ALBERTO d'Este (1415-8 Apr 1502). Signore di Polesine di Rovigo 1471/74. Alberto had four illegitimate children by BIANCA Mezzarili, wife of FRANCESCO Petrati, daughter of ---. a) daughter . m (1490) FEBO Gonzaga dei Signori di Sabbioneta, son of ---. b) AGOSTINO . c) BORSO . d) FRANCESCO MARIA . Niccolň [III] had three illegitimate children by CATARINA, daughter of TADDEO & his wife ---. 12. ISOTTA d'Este (1425-1456). m firstly (1443) ODDANTONIO di Montefeltro Duke of Urbino, son of GUIDO ANTONIO di Montefeltro Conte di Urbino & his second wife --- (after 1424-1444). m secondly (1446) STEFANO Frangipani Conte di Segni, son of --- (-1481). 13. CAMILLA d'Este . m (1448) RODOLFO Varano di Camerino, son of --- (-1464). 14. BEATRICE d'Este (1427-before 29 Nov 1497). m firstly (1448) NICCOLŇ da Correggio Conte di Corregio, son of --- (-[1453/54]). m secondly (28 Oct 1454) TRISTANO Sforza Signore di Saliceto, Noceto e Lusurasco, illegitimate son of FRANCESCO I Sforza Duke of Milan & his mistress --- (Genoa 1424-Milan 1477). Niccolň [III] had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: 15. RINALDO d'Este ([1435]-8 Apr 1503). m (11 Jun 1472) as her second husband, LUCREZIA, widow of GIAMBARTOLOMEO Marchese di Carretto, illegitimate daughter of GUGLIELMO XI Marchese di Monferrato & his mistress --- (-after 1481). Rinaldo & his wife had one child: a) NICCOLŇ . 1511/12. m LEONORA Caleagnini, daughter of ---. Niccolň [III] had one illegitimate child by ANNA de' Roberti, daughter of ---: 16. BIANCA MARIA d'Este (18 Dec 1440-Mirandola 12 Jan 1506, bur Mirandola San Francesco). m (1468) GALEOTTO [I] Pico Signore della Mirandola, son of (-7 Apr 1499, bur Mirandola San Francesco).
Chapter 4. DUKES of FERRARA, MODENA and REGGIO
A. DUKES of FERRARA, MODENA and REGGIO 1471-1803 (ESTE)
ERCOLE d'Este, son of NICCOLŇ [III] d´Este Signore di Ferrara e Modena & his third wife Ricciarda di Saluzzo (26 Oct 1431-25 Jan 1505, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli). Governor of Modena 1463. He succeeded his half-brother in 1471 as ERCOLE I Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio. m (Ferrara 4 Jul 1473) ELEONORA of Naples, daughter of FERRANTE I King of Naples & his first wife Isabella di Chiaramonte (Naples 22 Jun 1450-Ferrara 11 Oct 1493, bur Ferrara, Corpus Domini). The mid-16th century Chronicle of Gaspare Fuscolillo records that "la regina Ysabella mogliera del re Ferrante primo" gave birth to a daughter "Dianora de Ragona, quale fo duchessa de Ferrara" 21 Jul 1450 and that "maddama de Aragona" married "al Ducha Ercoles de Ferrara" in 1460 and left for Ferrara[256]. Mistress (1): LUDOVICA Condolmieri, daughter of ---. Mistress (2): ISABELLA degli Arduini, daughter of ---. Ercole I & his wife had six children: 1. ISABELLA d´Este (18 May 1474-13 Feb 1539). m (12 Feb 1490) GIANFRANCESCO II Marchese di Mantua, of FEDERICO I Marchese di Mantua [Gonzaga] & his wife Margareta von Bayern (10 Aug 1466-29 Mar 1519). 2. BEATRICE d´Este (Naples 29 Jun 1475-2 Jan 1497). m (18 Sep 1491) LODOVICO Sforza, son of FRANCESCO Duke of Milan & his second wife Bianca Maria Visconti of Milan (Vigema [Vigevano?] 3 Aug 1452-27 May 1508). He succeeded his nephew 1494 as LODOVICO “il Moro” Duke of Milan. 3. ALFONSO d´Este (21 Jul 1476-31 Oct 1534, bur Ferrara Corpus Domini). He succeeded his father in 1505 as ALFONSO I Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio. - see below. 4. FERRANTE d´Este (Naples 19 Sep 1477-in prison Ferrara 22 Feb 1540, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli. 5. IPPOLITO d´Este (Ferrara 20 Mar or Nov 1479-Ferrara Aug 1520). Commendatario-Abbot of Pomposa 1485. Archbishop of Gran, Primate of Hungary 1487 to 1496. Cardinal 1493. Archbishop of Milan 1498. He died of apoplexy. Mistress (1): The name of Ippolito’s first mistress is not known. Mistress (2): DALIDA di Putti, daughter of ---. Ippolito had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1): a) ELISABETTA . m GILBERTO PIO Signore di Sassuolo, daughter of ---. Ippolito had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2): b) IPPOLITO . Legitimated 1551. 6. ALBERTO d´Este (1481-1482, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli). Ercole I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1): 7. LUCREZIA . m (1487) ANNIBALE Bentivoglio, son of ---. Ercole I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2): 8. GIULIO (Ferrara 13 Jul 1478-24 Mar 1561, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli). In prison at Castelvecchio 1506-1559.
ALFONSO d'Este, son of ERCOLE I d’Este Duke of Modena, Ferrara & Reggio & his wife Eleonora of Naples (21 Jul 1476-31 Oct 1534, bur Ferrara Corpus Domini). He succeeded his father in 1505 as ALFONSO I Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio. m firstly (12 Jan 1491) ANNA Sforza, daughter of GALEAZZO MARIA Sforza Duke of Milan & his second wife Bonne de Savoie (1473-30 Nov 1497). m secondly (6 Jan 1502) as her third husband, LUCREZIA Borgia, divorced wife firstly of GIOVANNI Sforza Signore di Pesaro, widow secondly of ALFONSO d´Aragona Principe di Salerno Duca di Biscaglia, illegitimate daughter of RODRIGO Borgia [Pope Alexander VI] & his mistress Vannozza Catanei (Rome 18 Apr 1480-Ferrara 24 Jun 1519, bur Ferrara Corpus Domini). m thirdly LAURA ESTOCHIA Dianti, daughter of FRANCESCO Dianti & his wife --- (-27 Jun 1573). m thirdly Laura Eustochia Dianti, daughter of Francesco Dianti (-27 Jun 1573). She was his mistress since… Alfonso I & his first wife had one child: 1. ALESSANDRO d'Este (30 Nov 1497-1514). Alfonso I & his second wife had six children: 2. daughter (stillborn 1507). 3. ERCOLE d'Este (4 May 1508-Ferrara 3 Oct 1559[257], bur Ferrara Corpus Domini). He succeeded his father in 1534 as ERCOLE II Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio, Marchese d’Este, Conte di Rovigo, Pr di Carpi, Signor di Carancchio, Grafignana e Trignano. Lieutenant General in the army which Henri II King of France sent to Italy in 1557 against the Spanish to defend Pope Paul IV. The latter gave Ercole the title "Defender of the Church". m (contract 30 Jul 1527, contract 10 Feb 1528, Paris, Chapelle Saint-Louis du Palais de la Cité 28 Jun 1528) RENEE de France, daughter of LOUIS XII King of France & his second wife Anne Dss de Bretagne (Château de Blois 25 Oct 1510-Château de Montargis, Loiret 12 Jun 1575, bur Château de Montargis). Invested as Dss de Chartres, Ctss de Gisors, Dame de Montargis in Jul 1528 as part of her dowry. She returned to France after her husband died, to live at Montargis. She converted to Calvinism. Mistress (1): DIANA Trotti, daughter of ---. Ercole II & his wife had five children: a) ANNA d'Este Pss of Ferrara (16 Nov 1531-Nemours 17 May 1607, bur Paris Grands Augustins or bur Notre-Dame d’Annecy). Ctss de Gisors. m firstly (Saint-Germain 4 Dec 1548) FRANÇOIS de Guise Duc d’Aumâle, son of CLAUDE de Lorraine Duc de Guise & his wife Antoinette de Bourbon-Vendôme (Bar le Duc 16 Feb 1520-killed in battle Corney 24 Feb 1563). He succeeded his father in 1550 as Duc de Guise. m secondly (29 Apr 1566, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés 5 May 1566) JACQUES de Savoie Comte de Genčve, son of PHILIPPE de Savoie Duc de Nemours & his wife Charlotte d’Orléans (Abbaye de Vauluissant Sep 1531-Annecy 15 Jun 1585). Duc de Nemours. b) ALFONSO d'Este (22 Nov 1533-27 Oct 1597, bur Ferrara Corpus Domini). He succeeded his father 1559 as ALFONSO II Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio. m firstly (Ferrara Jun 1558 or Ferrara 3 Aug 1558) LUCREZIA de’ Medici, daughter of COSIMO I Grand Duke of Tuscany & his first wife dońa Leonor Álvarez de Toledo Marquesa de Villafranca (Florence 7 Jun 1545-Ferrara 21 Apr 1561, bur Ferrara Corpus Domini). m secondly (Ferrara 5 Dec 1565) BARBARA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor FERDINAND I Archduke of Austria & his wife Anna Pss of Hungary & Bohemia (Innsbrück 30 Apr 1539-Ferrara 19 Sep 1572, bur Ferrara Il Gesů). m thirdly (Ferrara 27 Feb 1579) ELEONORA Gonzaga Pss of Mantua, daughter of GUGLIELMO Gonzaga Duke of Mantua & his wife Eleonora Archduchess of Austria (27 May 1564-6 Jan 1618). c) LUIGI d'Este (Ferrara 25 Dec 1538-Montegiordano 30 Dec 1586, bur Tivoli Santa Maria Maggiore). Governor of Tivoli. Bishop of Ferrara 1553. Commendatore-Abbot of Pomposa 1560. Cardinal 1561. Archbishop of Auch 1563. d) LUCREZIA MARIA d'Este (1535-Jan 1598). m (1570, divorced 1576) FRANCESCO MARIA della Rovere Duca di Urbino, son of --- (-1631). e) LEONORA d'Este (Ferrara 19 Jun 1537-19 Feb 1581, bur Ferrara Corpus Domini). Mistress of TASSO, son of ---. Ercole II had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1): f) CESARE detto Trotti . g) LUCREZIA (-28 Nov 1572, bur Ferrara Corpus Domini). Nun at Ferrara Corpus Domini. 4. IPPOLITO d'Este (Ferrara 25 Aug 1509-Rome 1 Dec 1572, bur Tivoli Santa Maria Maggiore). Creator of the Villa d’Este in Tivoli. Governor of Tivoli 1550-1560. Governor of Parma 1552-1554. Bishop of Ferrara. Archbishop of Milan 1519-1550, and 1558-1567. Cardinal 1539. Archbishop of Lyon 1539-1551, and 1562-1563. Bishop of Autun 1548-1550. Bishop of Novara 1550-1558. Archbishop of Narbonne 1550-1551. Archbishop of Auch 1551-1563. Abbé de St Martin d’Ainay 1562. Bishop of Nanterre 1563. Archbishop of Arles 1563-1567, resigned. Ippolito had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: a) RENATA d'Este (-11 Nov 1555). m (1553) LUDOVICO Pico della Mirandola Conte di Concordia, son of --- (-1568). 5. ALESSANDRO d'Este (Apr 1514-10 Jul 1516, bur Ferrara, Corpus Domini). 6. ELEONORA d'Este (3 Jul 1515-15 Aug 1575, bur Ferrara, Corpus Domini). Nun at Corpus Domini, Ferrara. Superior at Corpus Domini Ferrara 1554. 7. FRANCESCO d’Este (Ferrara 1 Nov 1516-Ferrara 22 Feb 1578, bur Massa Lombarda). Created Marchese di Massalombarda by the Pope 8 Aug 1544. m (1536) MARIA di Cardona Marchesa di Padula Contessa di Avellino, daughter of --- (-1563). Francesco had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress: a) MARFISA d’Este (Ferrara 1562-Ferrara 16 Aug 1608, bur Ferrara Santa Maria della Consolazione). Legitimated 1553 by the Pope. m firstly (1578) ALFONSO d'Este, son of ALFONSO d’Este Marchese di Montecchio & his first wife Giulia della Rovere Pss di Urbino (14 Nov 1560-4 Sep 1578). m secondly (10 Apr 1609) ALDERANO Cybo di Massa Principe di Carrara, son of --- (1552-4 Nov 1606). b) BRADAMANTE d'Este . m (1575) ERCOLE di Bevilacqua, son of --- (-murdered May 1598). Alfonso I & his third wife had two children: 8. ALFONSO d'Este (Ferrara 10 Mar 1527-Ferrara 1 Nov 1587). Legitimated by subsequent marriage of his parents. Signore di Montecchio 28 Aug 1533. Captain of Cavalry in the Spanish army 1546. Captain in the army of the Duke of Ferrara 1556. Created Marchese di Montecchio by Imperial order at Frankfurt-am-Main 25 Oct 1562, in person by Emperor Maximilian II Prague 5 Feb 1570. m firstly (3 Jan 1549) GIULIA della Rovere Principessa di Urbino, daughter of FRANCESCO MARIA della Rovere Duca di Urbino & his wife Eleonora Gonzaga Pss of Mantua ([1527]-Ferrara 4 Apr 1563). m secondly (1584) VIOLANTE Segni, daughter of ALBERTO Segni & his wife --- (Ferrara 11 Dec 1546-5 Mar 1609). Alfonso & his first wife had three children: a) ALFONSO d’Este (Ferrara 14 Nov 1560-Ferrara 4 Sep 1578). m (Ferrara 5 May 1578) as her first husband, his first cousin, MARFISA d'Este, legitimated daughter of FRANCESCO d’Este Marchese di Massalombarda & his mistress --- (Ferrara 1562-Ferrara 16 Aug 1608, bur Ferrara Santa Maria della Consolazione). She married secondly (10 Apr 1609) Alderano Cybo di Massa Principe di Carrara (1552-4 Nov 1606). b) ELEONORA d’Este (Ferrara 1561-Modena 1637). m (Ferrara 21 Feb 1594) don CARLO Gesualdo Principe di Venosa, son of --- (Venosa 8 Mar 1566-Gesualdo 10 Sep 1613). c) CESARE d'Este ([8] Oct 1562-11 Dec 1628, bur Modena San Domenico). He succeeded his first cousin in 1597 as CESARE Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio. - see below. Alfonso & his second wife had three children (the first two legitimated by the subsequent marriage of their parents): d) IPPOLITA d’Este (Ferrara 6 Nov 1565-Mirandola 1 May 1602). m (Ferrara 30 Jun 1594) FEDERICO Pico, son of --- (Mirandola 1564-Mirandola 7 Sep 1602). Principe della Mirandola, Marchese della Concordia 1602. e) ALESSANDRO d'Este (Ferrara 5 May 1568-Rome 13 Mar 1624, bur Tivoli Santa Maria Maggiore). Provost at Pomposa 1587. Cardinal 3 Mar 1599. Bishop of Reggio Emilia 18 Oct 1611. Mistress (1): GIULIA Constabile, daughter of ---. Alessandro had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1): i) GIULIA FELICE d’Este . Nun at Modena. f) ANNIBALE (-before 1584). He remained illegitimate as he died before his parents married. 9. ALFONSINO d'Este (1530-18 Aug 1547, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli). Marchese di Castelnuovo. Alfonsino had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: a) RENATA .
CESARE d'Este, son of ALFONSO d'Este Marchese di Montecchio & his first wife Giulia della Rovere Principessa di Urbino (Ferrara [8] Oct 1562-Modena 11 Dec 1628, bur Modena San Domenico). He succeeded his father in 1587 as Marchese di Montecchio. He succeeded his first cousin in 1597 as CESARE Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio. The Camara Apostolica having declared him incapable of succeeding in Ferrara 23 Dec 1597, he ceded his rights in Ferrara to the Pope at Faenza 15 Jan 1598, whereupon the territory became part of the Papal States. Cesare continued to rule in Modena, Reggio and Montecchio. Duc de Montargis et de Chartres, Comte de Gisors 27 Oct 1597, these titles being confiscated by sentence of the Parlement de Paris 1601. m (Florence or Ferrara 6 Feb 1586) VIRGINIA de’ Medici Pss of Tuscany, daughter of COSIMO II Grand Duke of Tuscany & his second wife donna Camilla Martelli (Florence 28/29 May 1568-Modena 15 Jan 1615, bur Corpus Domini). Cesare & his wife had ten children: 1. GIULIA d'Este (Ferrara 22 May 1588-1645). 2. ALFONSO d'Este Prince of Modena (Ferrara 22 Oct 1591-Castelnovo di Garfagnana 24 May 1644, bur Castelnovo di Garfagnana). He succeeded his father in 1628 as ALFONSO III Duke of Modena and Reggio, Marchese di Montecchio. He abdicated in favour of his son at Sassuolo in 1629. m (Turin 22 Feb 1608) ISABELLE de Savoie, daughter of CHARLES EMMANUEL I "le Grand" Duke of Savoy & his wife Infanta dońa Caterina Micaela of Spain (Turin 11 Mar 1591-Modena 22 Aug 1626, bur Corpus Domini). Alfonso III & his wife had fourteen children: a) CESARE d’Este (1609-1613). b) FRANCESCO d’Este (Modena 5 Sep 1610-Santhiŕ 14 Oct 1658, bur Modena San Vicenzo). He succeeded on the abdication of his father in 1629 as FRANCESCO I Duke of Modena and Reggio. - see below. c) OBIZZO d’Este (1611-Modena 24 Aug 1644). Provost of Santa Maria della Pomposa 1624. Arciprete di Bondeno 1624. Bishop of Modena 1640. d) CATERINA MARIA d’Este (2 Feb 1613-Madrid 1628). Nun at Madrid. e) CESARE d’Este (1614-Modena 20 Sep 1677). Captain in the French army 1648. General Commander of the army of Modena. f) ALESSANDRO d’Este (b and d 1615). g) CARLO ALESSANDRO d’Este (1616-Castel della Rocchetta di Carpi 1677). Imbecile. h) RINALDO d’Este (Modena 1618-Modena 30 Sep 1672, bur Modena, Church of the Capucines, transferred 1838 to Modena, San Vincenzo). He served in the Spanish army in Italy but left to pursue an ecclesiastical career. Cardinal 16 Dec 1641. Governor of Modena and Reggio 1647 to 1649 and in 1655. Bishop of Reggio 5 Dec 1650 to 23 Apr 1660. Appointed Bishop of Montpellier in 1652 by the King of France, he was obliged to renounce this by the Pope. Abbot of Cluny 1661. i) MARGHERITA d'Este (1619-Mantua 12 Nov 1692). m (25 Jun 1647) FERRANTE Gonzaga Duca di Guastalla, son of --- (Mantua 4 Apr 1618-Guastalla 11 Jan 1678). j) BEATRICE d'Este (b and d 1620). k) BEATRICE d'Este (1622-1623). l) FILIBERTO d'Este (1623-1645). m) BONIFAZIO d'Este (b and d 1624, bur Corpus Domini). n) ANNA BEATRICE d'Este ([22 Aug] 1626-Mirandola 25 Sep 1690). m (Modena 29 Apr 1656) ALESSANDRO Pico Duca della Mirandola, Marchese della Concordia, son of --- (Mirandola 30 Mar 1631-Mirandola 3 Feb 1691). 3. LUIGI d'Este (Ferrara 27 Mar 1594-1664). Twin with his sister Laura. Colonel in the Venetian army 1615. Colonel in the Imperial army 1619. General in the Venetian army 1628. Commander General of the army of Modena 1634. He succeeded in 1638 as Marchese di Montecchio. Marchese di Scandiano 1643. Governor of Modena 1655. Luigi had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: a) IPPOLITA d'Este ([1620]-1656). m (1647) her uncle, BORSO d'Este Principe di Modena e Reggio, son of CESARE Duke of Modena and Reggio & his wife Virginia de’ Medici Pss of Tuscany (Modena 1605-Castel San Giovanni 28 Dec 1657, bur Modena San Domenico). 4. LAURA d'Este (Ferrara 27 Mar 1594-Mirandola 1630). Twin with her brother Luigi. m (Modena 1607) ALESSANDRO Pico Duca della Mirandola, Marchese della Concordia, son of --- (Mirandola 1566-Mirandola 2 Dec 1637). 5. CATERINA d'Este (1595-1618). 6. IPPOLITO d'Este (1599-1647). Knight of Malta 1626. Commander of the Order of Jerusalem at Reggio. 7. NICCOLŇ d'Este (Modena 1601-Naples 1640). Captain in the Imperial army 1632. m (Naples 1637) as her second husband, donna SVEVA d'Avalos d'Aquino d'Aragona, widow of don GIULIO CESARE di Capua Principe di Conca, daughter of don FERDINANDO or GIULIO CESARE d'Avalos dei Principi di Montesarchio, Patrician of Naples & his wife donna Margherita Tagliavia d'Aragona dei Principi di Castelvetrano (25 Feb 1594-4 Jul 1641). 8. BORSO d'Este (Modena 1605-Castel San Giovanni 28 Dec 1657, bur Modena San Domenico). Colonel in the Imperial army 1632. Lieutenant General in the French army 1648. m (1647) his niece, IPPOLITA d'Este, illegitimate daughter of LUIGI d’Este Marchese di Montecchio e Scandiano & his mistress --- ([1620]-1656). Borso & his wife had seven children: a) LUIGI d'Este (1648-1698). Marchese di Scandiano 1664. Governor of Reggio 1665 to 1695. b) CESARE d'Este (1649-1651). c) GIULIA d'Este (b and d 1650). d) FORESTO d'Este (1652-1725). He succeeded in 1664 as Marchese di Montecchio, resigning the title to his brother in 1680. Captain of Cavalry in the Imperial army 1672. He succeeded his brother in 1698 as Marchese di Scandiano. e) CESARE IGNAZIO d'Este (1653-Reggio 27 Oct 1713). He succeeded his brother in 1680 as Marchese di Montecchio. Captain-General of Cavalry in the Venetian army. Governor of Reggio Emilia 1713. f) GIULIA d'Este (1654-1656). g) ANGELICA MARIA CATERINA d'Este (1 Mar 1656-Bologna 12/16 Jul 1722, bur Bologna). m (Racconigi 7 Nov 1684) EMMANUEL PHILIBERT AMEDEE de Savoie Principe di Carignano, son of THOMAS FRANÇOIS de Savoie Principe di Carignano & his wife Marie de Bourbon-Soissons (Moustiers 20 Aug 1628-Turin 21 Apr 1709). He was deaf mute. 9. FORESTO d'Este (1606-Modena 1640). Captain in the Imperial army 1632. 10. ANGELA CATERINA d'Este (-Modena 1651). She became a Clarissan nun, as Suor Angela Caterina, at the Convent of Santa Chiara di Carpi 19 Jun 1611. Abbess 1625 to 1633, when she was transferred to the convent of San Geminiano at Modena.
FRANCESCO d’Este, son of ALFONSO III Duke of Modena and Reggio, Marchese di Montecchio & his wife Isabelle de Savoie (Modena 5 Sep 1610-Santhiŕ 14 Oct 1658, bur Modena San Vicenzo). He succeeded on the abdication of his father in 1629 as FRANCESCO I Duke of Modena and Reggio, and in 1638 as Marchese di Montecchio. Generalissimo of the King of France in Italy 1647. m firstly (Parma 11 Jan 1631) MARIA CATERINA Farnese Pss of Parma, daughter of RANUCCIO I Farnese Duke of Parma & his wife Donna Margherita Aldobrandini dei Principi di Rossano (Parma 18 Feb 1615-Sassuolo 25 Jun 1646, bur Corpus Domini). m secondly (Parma 12 Feb 1648) his first wife’s sister, VITTORIA Farnese Pss of Parma, daughter of RANUCCIO I Farnese Duke of Parma & his wife Donna Margherita Aldobrandini dei Principi di Rossano (Parma 29 Apr 1618-Modena 10 Aug 1649, bur Corpus Domini). m thirdly (Loreto 25 Feb or 14 Oct 1654) donna LUCREZIA Barberini, daughter of don TADDEO Barberini Principe di Palestrina, Duca di Nerola e Montelibretti & his wife donna Anna Colonna dei Principi di Paliano (Rome 24 Oct 1630-Modena 18 Sep 1699). Francesco I & his first wife had nine children: 1. ALFONSO d’Este (b and d 1632). 2. ALFONSO d’Este (Modena 13 Feb 1634-Modena 16 Jul 1662, bur Modena San Vicenzo). He succeeded his father 1658 as ALFONSO IV Duke of Modena and Reggio. m (Compičgne 13 Feb or 27 May 1655) LAURA Martinozzi, daughter of GIROLAMO Conte Martinozzi, Patrizio of Fano & his wife Laura Margherita Mazzarino (Fano 1639-Rome 19 Jul 1687, bur Rome, convent of the Visitazione). Regent of Modena 1660-1676. Alfonso IV & his wife had three children: a) FRANCESCO d’Este (Modena 11 Aug 1657-Modena [Sep/Oct] 1658, bur 4 Oct 1658 Corpus Domini). b) MARIA BEATRICE d’Este Pss of Modena (Modena 5 Oct 1658-Saint-Germain-en-Laye 7 May 1718, bur Abbey of the Visitation of Mary, Chaillot). m (by proxy Modena 30 Sep 1673, in person Dover 21 Nov 1673) as his second wife, JAMES Duke of York, son of CHARLES I King of England and Scotland & his wife Henriette Marie de France (St James's Palace 14 Oct 1633-Saint Germain-en-Laye 6 Sep 1701, bur Chapel of St Edmund in the church of the English Benedictines, rue Saint Jacques, Paris, his body disappeared during the French Revolution, possibly found and transferred to Saint-Germain-en-Laye). He succeeded in 1685 as JAMES II King of England, JAMES VII King of Scotland on the death of his brother. c) FRANCESCO d’Este (Modena 6 Mar 1660-Sassuolo 6 Sep 1694, bur Modena San Vicenzo). He succeeded his father in 1662 as FRANCESCO II Duke of Modena. He died of gout. m (by proxy Parma 14 Jul 1692) MARGHERITA MARIA FRANCESCA Farnese Pss of Parma, daughter of RANUCCIO II Farnese Duke of Parma & his second wife Isabella d’Este Pss of Modena (Parma 24 Nov 1664-Colorno 17 Jun 1718, bur Parma Steccata). She died of apoplexy. 3. ISABELLA d’Este (Modena 3 Oct 1635-Colorno 23 Aug 1666, bur Parma Steccata). m (Modena 18 Feb 1664) as his second wife, her maternal first cousin, RANUCCIO II Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza, son of ODOARDO I Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza & his wife Margherita de’ Medici Pss of Tuscany (Cortemaggiore or Casalmaggiore 17 Sep 1630-Parma 11 Dec 1694). 4. TEBALDO d’Este (-bur 26 Aug 1656, Corpus Domini). 5. ELEONORA d’Este (1639-1640). 6. ALMERICO d’Este (Modena 8 May 1641-Isle of Paros 6 Jul 1660, bur Modena San Vicenzo). Lieutenant General in the army of the King of France 1658. 7. ELEONORA d’Este (1643-Modena 24 Feb 1722, bur Modena, San Biaggio al Carmine). Nun at the Carmelite convent of Santa Teresa, Modena, as Suor Maria Francesca dello Spirito Santo 12 Jan 1676. Prioress 1692. 8. MARIA d’Este (Modena 8 Dec 1644-Parma 21 Aug 1684). m (Modena 1 Oct 1668) as his third wife, her maternal first cousin, RANUCCIO II Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza, son of ODOARDO I Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza & his wife Margherita de’ Medici Pss of Tuscany (Cortemaggiore or Casalmaggiore 17 Sep 1630-Parma 11 Dec 1694). 9. TEOBALDO (1646-young). Francesco I & his second wife had one child: 10. VITTORIA d’Este (10 Aug 1649-bur 26 Aug 1656, Corpus Domini). Francesco I & his third wife had one child: 11. RINALDO d’Este (25 Apr 1655-Modena 26 Oct 1737). Commendatore-Abbot of Nonantola 1670. Cardinal 1686-1695. He succeeded his nephew in 1694 as RINALDO Duke of Modena. - see below.
RINALDO d’Este, son of FRANCESCO I d’Este Duke of Modena and Reggio & his third wife donna Lucrezia Barberini (Modena 25 Apr 1655-Modena 26 Oct 1737). Commendatore-Abbot of Nonantola 1670. Cardinal 2 Sep 1686, Deacon of Santa Maria della Scala 20 Dec 1688. On the death of his nephew in 1694, he obtained the necessary Papal dispensation to ensure his succession as RINALDO Duke of Modena and Reggio. His resignation as Cardinal was accepted 21 Mar 1695. Duca della Mirandola, Marchese della Concordia 1710. Signore di San Martino in Spino 1710. Marchese di Montecchio 1713. m (by proxy Hannover 28 Nov 1695, in person Modena 11 Feb 1696) CHARLOTTE FELIZITAS Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover, daughter of JOHANN FRIEDRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Hannover & his wife Benedikte Henriette Philippine Pfalzgräfin von Simmern (Hannover 8 Mar 1671-Modena 29 Sep 1710, bur Corpus Domini). Rinaldo & his wife had seven children: 1. BENEDETTA MARIA ERNESTINA d'Este (Modena 18 Aug 1697-Sassuolo 17 Sep 1777, bur Modena san Vincenzo). 2. FRANCESCO MARIA d'Este (Modena 2 Jul 1698-Varese 22 Feb 1780). General of Artillery in the Imperial army 1737. He succeeded his father in 1737 as FRANCESCO III Duke of Modena and Reggio. General in the Spanish army in Italy 1743. Principe di San Martino in Rio 30 Apr 1752. Governor General of the State of Milan 1754 to 1771. m firstly (by proxy Les Tuileries, Paris 12 Feb 1720, in person Modena 21 Jun 1720) CHARLOTTE AGLÄE d'Orléans, daughter of PHILIPPE Duc d’Orléans & his wife Françoise Marie de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Blois (Paris 22 Oct 1700-Palais de Luxembourg, Paris 19 Jan 1761, bur Val de Grâce, Paris). m secondly (secretly Milan 1761) as her second husband, Contessa TERESA di Castelborco, widow of Conte Palatino ANTONIO Simonetta, Conte di Torricella, daughter of Conte GIUSEPPE SCIPIONE di Castelbarco & his wife Marchesa donna Costanza Visconti dei Marchesi di Cislago (-13 Aug 1768). m thirdly (secretly) as her second husband, MARIE RENATE THERESIA Gräfin von Harrach, widow of Conte Palatino don ANTONIO MARIA Melzi Principe di Torricella, daughter of KARL ANTON Graf von Harrach & his wife --- (8 Mar 1721-Varese 14 May 1788). Francesco III & his first wife had ten children: a) ALFONSO d'Este (18 Nov 1723-Reggio 16 Jun 1725). b) FRANCESCO COSTANTINO d'Este (22 Nov 1724-16 Jun 1725). c) MARIA TERESA FELICITA d'Este Pss of Modena (Modena 6 Oct 1726-Paris 30 Apr 1754, bur Rambouillet, later transferred to Dreux). m (Versailles 25 Dec 1744) LOUIS JEAN de Bourbon Duc de Penthičvre, son of LOUIS ALEXANDRE de Bourbon légitimé de France Duc de Penthičvre, de Châteauvillain et de Rambouillet, Comte de Toulouse & his wife Marie Victoire Sophie de Noailles (Château de Rambouillet 16 Nov 1725-Château de Bizy near Vernon 4 Mar 1793, bur Dreux). d) ERCOLE RINALDO d’Este (Modena 22 Nov 1727-Trier 14 Oct 1803). Colonel in the Imperial army 1753. He succeeded his father in 1780 as ERCOLE III Duke of Modena and Reggio, Duca della Mirandola. He was deprived of his lands and titles 18 Apr 1797, and installed as Herzog von Brisgau in compensation. Under the Peace of Lunéville 9 Nov 1801, he was installed as Herzog von Ortenau. m firstly (Massa 16 Apr 1741) donna MARIA TERESA FRANCESCA Cybo Malaspina Duchessa di Massa, Principessa di Carrara, daughter & heiress of don ALDERANO Cybo Malaspina Duca di Massa, Principe di Carrara & his wife Ricciarda Gonzaga dei Conti di Novellara (Novellara 29 Jun 1721-Reggio 26 Dec 1790, bur Reggio, Basilica della Madonna della Ghiara). m secondly (morganatically) CHIARA Marini, daughter of --- (-Treviso 1800). Created Marchesa di Scandiano 1795. Ercole III & his first wife had two children: i) MARIA BEATRICE RICCIARDA d'Este (Modena 7 Apr 1750-Vienna 14 Nov 1829). She succeeded her mother in 1790 as Duchessa di Massa, Principessa di Carrara. She was deprived of her lands in 1797, restored in 1814. m (Milan 15 Oct 1771) FERDINAND Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor FRANZ I & his wife Maria Theresia Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Bohemia, King of Hungary (Schönbrunn 1 Jun 1754-Vienna 24 Dec 1806, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna). In 1803, he succeeded his father-in-law as FERDINANDO titular Duke of Modena, Reggio and Mirandola. ii) RINALDO FRANCESCO d'Este (Modena 4 Jan 1753-Modena 5 May 1753). Ercole III & his second wife had one child: iii) ERCOLE RINALDO d’Este (1770-Modena 16 Feb 1795). Marchese di Scandiano 1787. Major General in the army of Modena. Legitimated by the subsequent marriage of his parents. e) MATILDA d'Este (Genoa 7 Feb 1729-Treviso 14 Nov 1803). f) son (Modena 14 Jul 1730-Reggio 12 Jul 1731). g) BEATRICE d’Este (24 Nov 1731-3 Apr 1736). h) FORTUNATA MARIA d'Este Pss of Modena (Genoa 15 Jul 1734-Venice 21 Sep 1803). m (Nangis 27 Feb 1759, separated 1775) LOUIS FRANÇOIS JOSEPH de Bourbon-Conti, son of LOUIS FRANÇOIS de Bourbon Prince de Conti & his wife Louise Diane d’Orléans (Paris 1 Sep 1734-Barcelona 13 Mar 1814, bur Dreux). He succeeded his father in 1776 as Prince de Conti. i) BENEDETTO FILIPPO AMANDO d'Este (Paris 30 Sep 1736-Modena 16 Sep 1751). Abbot of Anchin, Ainay, Conchin and Hauvilers 1747. j) MARIA ELISABETTA ERNESTINA d'Este (12 Feb 1741-4 Aug 1774). Francesco III had three illegitimate children by an unknown mistress: k) FRANCESCO MARIA Tesde (1743-Reggio Emilia 17 May 1821). He adopted the surname "d'Este" in 1762. Abbot and Commendatore Perpetuo of San Silvestro Nonantola 1780. Titular Bishop of Anastasiopoli (in part) 1781. Bishop of Reggio 1785. He was installed as "Barone" of the Kingdom of Italy 9 Jan 1813. l) FEDERICO Tesde (1745-Reggio Emilia 1820). Knight of the Order of Malta 1772. Conte di San Romano 1773. Knight commander of the Order of Jerusalem at Ferrara 1784, and at Novara 1789. m) BERNARDINA Tesde (-Bologna 25 Oct 1750). She died of smallpox. 3. ANNA AMALIA GIUSEPPA d'Este (Modena 28 Jul 1699-Modena 5 Jul 1778). m (secretly) --- de Villeneuf, known as "Marquis", son of --- (-killed in battle Fatach or Futach 12 Sep 1739). A French adventurer. 4. GIOVANNI FEDERIGO d'Este (Modena 1 Sep 1700-Vienna 24 Apr 1727, bur Modena San Vincenzo). Colonel in the Imperial army 1723. 5. ENRICHETTA MARIA d'Este (Modena 27 May 1702-Piacenza, Borge San Donnino 30 Jan 1777, bur Piacenza). m firstly (Modena 5 Feb 1728) ANTONIO FRANCESCO Farnese Duke of Parma, son of RANUCCIO II Duke of Parma and Piacenza & his third wife Maria d’Este Pss of Modena (Parma 29 Sep 1679-Parma 20 Jan 1731). m secondly (Piacenza 2 Sep 1740) LEOPOLD Landgraf von Hessen-Darmstadt, son of PHILIPP Landgraf von Hessen-Darmstadt & his first wife Marie Ernestine Josčphe de Cro˙ (Mantua 11 Apr 1708-Piacenza, Borgo San Donnino 27 Oct 1764, bur Piacenza). 6. CLEMENTE d'Este (Modena 20/23 Apr 1708-after 1722). Became a Benedictine monk 1719. Proposto di Santa Maria della Pomposa 1722. Arciprete di Bondeno 1722. 7. daughter (b and d Modena 29 Sep 1710-).
B. SIGNORI di SAN MARTINO
SIGISMONDO d'Este, son of Niccolň III Marchese d'Este Signore di Ferrara e Modena & his third wife Ricciarda di Saluzzo (1433-Ferrara 1 Apr 1507). Signore di San Martino in Rio 11 May 1501. m PIZZOCARA, daughter of ---. Sigismondo & his wife had four children: 1. LUCREZIA d’Este . m (1517) ALBERIGO [Alberto?] di Malaspina Marchese di Massa, son of --- (-1519). 2. DIANA d'Este (-1545). m (1498) UGOLIONE [Ugoccino?] Conte de' Contrari, son of ---. 3. BIANCA d'Este . m (1492 or 1495) ALBERIGO [Ugo?] di Sanseverino, son of ---. 4. ERCOLE d'Este (-after 1512). He succeeded his father 1507 as Signore di San Martino in Rio. m (1491) ANGIOLA Sforza, daughter of CARLO Sforza [Governor of Modena] & his wife ---. Ercole & his wife had two children: a) LUCREZIA d'Este . m (1514) MANFREDO di Coreggio, son of ---. b) SIGISMONDO [II] d'Este (-Pavia 1560, bur Castellarano). He succeeded his father 1512 as Signore di San Martino in Rio. Spanish Governor of Pavia. m (1533) GIUSTINA Trivulzio, daughter of PAOLO Trivulzio Conte di Porlezza & his wife --- (-Campogalliano Apr 1590). i) SIGISMONDA d'Este (1534-after 1590). m PAOLO Sfondrati, son of ---. Parents of Pope Gregory XIV. ii) RENATA d'Este (1535-). Nun at Reggio Emilia. iii) FILIPPO [I] d'Este (Ferrara 1537-San Martino in Rio 12 Dec 1592). He succeeded his father 1560 as Signore di San Martino in Rio. - see below. iv) MATILDA d'Este (1545-). Nun at Reggio Emilia. v) FILIBERTO d'Este (10 Jun 1550-young). vi) BARBARA d'Este (1553-). m (1573) FRANCESCO Trivulzio, son of --- (-1578). Maréchal de Camp in the French army.
FILIPPO [I] d'Este, son of SIGISMONDO [II] d’Este Signore di San Martino in Rio & his wife Giustina Trivulzio (Ferrara 1537-San Martino in Rio 12 Dec 1592). He succeeded his father in 1560 as Signore di San Martino in Rio. Governor of Savoy 1585. Governor of Turin and Piemonte. He was created Marchese di San Martino in Rio 1591. m (20 Jan 1570, Turin 2/13 Feb 1570) MARIA de Savoia Marchesa di Lanzo, illegitimate daughter of EMMANUEL PHILIBERT Duke of Savoy & his mistress Laura Crevola (1556-Turin 28 Oct 1580). Filippo & his wife had five children: 1. CARLO FILIBERTO [I] d'Este (San Martino 1 Sep 1571-Milan 26 May 1652). He succeeded his father in 1592 as Marchese di San Martino in Rio. Governor of Nice 1595. Lieutenant General in the Spanish army. Created Reichsfürst at Regensburg 20 Mar 1623. m firstly (1606) LUISA de Cardenas de Aguilla, daughter of --- (-1608). m secondly LIVIA Marini, daughter of ---. 2. SIGISMONDO [I] d'Este (1577-Turin 1629). He succeeded his mother 1580 as 2nd Marchese di Lanzo e Borgomanero. General of Cavalry in the Savoy army. Governor of Savoy and Saluzzo. m FRANÇOISE d'Hôtel, daughter of ---. Sigismondo [I] & his wife had three children: a) FILIPPO FRANCESCO d'Este (1621-end 1653). He succeeded his uncle in 1629 as Marchese di San Martino in Rio, Reichsfürst. m (1645) MARGUERITE de Savoie Signora di Dronero, illegitimate daughter of CHARLES EMMANUEL I Duke of Savoy & his mistress Marguerite Marie de Roussillon Marquise de Rive (-5 Sep 1659). Filippo Francesco & his wife had three children: i) ANGELICA d'Este . Nun at San Paolo in Milan. ii) SIGISMONDO [III] d'Este (1647-Parma 28 Aug 1732, bur San Martino, Franciscan church). He succeeded his father 1653 as 4th Marchese di San Martino in Rio, Reichsfürst. m (1671) TERESA MARIA Grimaldi, daughter of ERCOLE II Prince of Monaco & his wife --- (1648-San Martino 20 Aug 1723, bur San Martino, parish church). Sigismondo [III] & his wife had seven children: (a) MATILDA d'Este (San Martino 2 Apr 1673-San Martino 23 Mar 1743, bur San Martino, Franciscan church). m (1685, divorced) CAMILLO [II] Gonzaga Conte di Novellara, son of --- (1649-1727). (b) FRANCESCO FILIPPO d'Este (1675-after 1727). He renounced the succession 1727. m (before 1727) LUIGIA Sorbellini, daughter of ---. (c) CORRADO d'Este (1677-1680). (d) CARLO FILIBERTO [II] d'Este (1678-1 Mar 1753). He succeeded his father 1732 as 5th Marchese di San Martino in Rio, Reichsfürst. He succeeded his second cousin 1736 as Marchese di Lanzo, Borgomanero, Porlezza e Santa Cristina. m (1734) MARIA TERESA Sfondrati, daughter of --- (-after 1753). Carlo Filiberto [II] & his wife had three children: (1) ANNA RICCIARDA d'Este (10 Feb 1735-3 May 1777). m (11 Oct 1757) ALBERIGO Principe di Barbiano di Belgiojoso, son of ---. He adopted the name Barbiano di Belgiojoso d'Este. (2) ALFONSINA d'Este (1737-). m (1759) MOSCARDO Conte Boscardi, son of ---. (3) MARIANNINA d'Este (1740-2 Sep 1787). m (Rome 12 Oct 1759) LORENZO Colonna 9th Duca di Paliano-Bagni di San Casciano, son of --- (-2 Oct 1779). (e) MARIA d'Este (1680-after 1753). Nun at San Paolo in Milan. (f) ALFONSO d'Este (1681-San Martino 1686). (g) AURELIA d'Este (1683-Naples 14 Apr 1719). m FRANCESCO Gambacorta Duca di Limatola, son of ---. iii) CARLO FILIBERTO d'Este (1649-after 1697). Marchese di Dronero. Governor of Savoy and Turin. m THERESE de Mesmes de Marolles, daughter of ---. Carlo Filiberto & his wife had three children: (a) GABRIELE FRANCESCO d'Este (-killed in battle Parma 1734). Marchese di Ormea. Member of the Imperial Geheimer Rat. m COLOMBA Cobianchi, daughter of ---. Gabriele Francesco & his wife had two children: (1) TERESA d'Este . m LODOVICO Marchese Birago, son of ---. (2) ORSOLA MARIA d'Este . Nun at San Paolo in Milan. (b) MARIA DELFINA d'Este . Nun at San Paolo in Milan. (c) CRISTINA MARGHERITA d'Este . m (1698) --- Marquis de Cristé/Gian Batista Doria, son of --- (-1713). b) CARLO EMANUELE d'Este (1622-Vienna 24 Oct 1695). He succeeded his father 1629 as Marchese di Lanzo Borgomanero e Santa Cristina, Grandee of Spain. m PAOLA CAMILLA Marliani, daughter of ---. Carlo Emanuel & his wife had one child: i) CARLO FILIBERTO d'Este (1646-1695). He succeeded his father 1695 as Marchese di Borgomanero e Porlezza, Grandee of Spain. m (1671) BIBIANA Gonzaga, daughter of FERRANTE Gonzaga Principe di Castiglione, son of ---. Carlo Filiberto & his wife had one child: (a) CARLO EMANUELE d'Este (1672-1736). He succeeded his father 1695 as Marchese di Borgomanero e Porlezza. c) CRISTINA d'Este . Nun at San Paolo in Milan 1643. 3. ALFONSO d'Este (1572-Modena 1623, bur San Martino, Franciscan church). 4. MATILDA d'Este (-after 1625). m (1601) FERRANTE Marchese Bentivoglio, son of ---. 5. MARGHERITA d'Este (San Martino 18 Feb 1574-). Filippo had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: 6. FRANCESCO "il Cavaliere d'Este" (-San Martino 21 Mar 1646, bur San Martino, Franciscan church). Legitimated 1572 and 1605. Governor of San Martino in Rio 1644. m ---. The name of Francesco’s wife is not known. Francesco & his wife had six children: a) ALFONSO d'Este ([1607/08]-Modena 1686). b) CARLO FILBERTO d'Este (-San Martino di Rio 20 Sep 1678, bur San Martino, Franciscan church). c) MARIA d'Este (-Sep 1621, bur San Martino, parish church). d) CONTARDO SIGISMONDO d'Este (-1623, bur San Martino, parish church). Twin with Matilda. e) MATILDA d'Este (-1623, bur San Martino, parish church). Twin with Contardo Sigismondo. f) GIUSTINA d’Este (-after 1663).
C. DUKES of MODENA and REGGIO 1803 (HABSBURG-LOTHRINGEN)
FERDINAND KARL ANTON Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor FRANZ I & his wife Maria Theresia Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Bohemia, King of Hungary (Schönbrunn 1 Jun 1754-Vienna 24 Dec 1806, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna). Following his marriage, he lived in Milan where in 1780 he was installed as Governor of Lombardy in succession to his wife’s grandfather Francesco d’Este. Named commander of the Italian army in 1794, Ferdinand was forced to flee Milan in 1796 one week before Napoleon Bonaparte entered the city. He passed his exile in Schloß Belvedere in Vienna. Under the 1797 Peace of Campo Formido, Lombardy and Modena were transferred to the newly formed Cisalpine Republic. In 1803, he succeeded his father-in-law as FERDINANDO titular Duke of Modena, Reggio and Mirandola, ruling only in Breisgau and Ortenau, Austrian territories which had been given as substitutes to Ercole III for his confiscated Italian lands. Ferdinand Karl Anton ceded Breisgau to the Elector of Baden 26 Dec 1805 following the Treaty of Preßburg. m (Milan 15 Oct 1771) MARIA BEATRICE RICCARDA d'Este Pss of Modena, daughter of ERCOLE III d’Este Duke of Modena & his first wife Maria Teresa Cibo-Malaspina Duchessa di Massa, Principessa di Carrara (Modena 7 Apr 1750-Vienna 14 Nov 1829). Maria Beatrice succeeded her mother in 1790 as Principessa di Carrara and Duchessa di Massa. Their descendants bore the title Archduke/Archduchess of Austria, Prince[ss] of Hungary, Prince[ss] of Modena. Ferdinand & his wife had ten children: 1. JOSEPH FRANZ Archduke of Austria (b and d 1772). 2. MARIA THERESIA Archduchess of Austria (Milan 1 Nov 1773-Genoa 29 Mar 1832, bur Basilica La Superga Turin). m (Novara 21 Apr 1789) VITTORIO EMANUELE di Savoia Prince of Sardinia Duca d’Aosta, son of VITTORIO AMEDEO III King of Sardinia & his wife Infanta dońa María Antonia Fernanda de Borbón y Farnesio (Turin 24 Jul 1759-Moncalieri 10 Jan 1824, bur Basilica La Superga Turin). He succeeded his brother 4 Jun 1802 as VITTORIO EMANUELE I King of Sardinia. He lived in exile while the kingdom of Sardinia was under Napoleon’s control, returning to Turin in 1814. He abdicated in favour of his brother Carlo Felice 13 Mar 1821. 3. JOSEPHINE Archduchess of Austria (13 May 1775-20 Aug 1777). 4. MARIA LEOPOLDINE Archduchess of Austria (Milan 10 Dec 1776-by accident Wasserburg-am-Inn 23 Jun 1848, bur in the chapel on St Anton's Berg, Steppberg near Neuburg an der Donau). After her second marriage, Maria Leopoldine played an important political role in Bavaria, her advice being frequently sought by King Ludwig I. m firstly (Innsbruck 15 Feb 1795) as his second wife, KARL IV THEODOR Elector Palatine and Elector of Bavaria, son of JOHANN CHRISTIAN JOSEPH Pfalzgraf und Herzog von Sulzbach & his first wife Marie Henriette Léopoldine de La Tour d'Auvergne Marquise de Bergen-op-Zoom (Drogenbosch near Uccle, Brussels 10 Dec 1724-Munich 16 Feb 1799, bur Munich St Kajetan). m secondly (Munich 14 Nov 1804) LUDWIG Graf von Arco, son of IGNAZ Graf von Arco auf Valley & his wife Rupertine Gräfin Trauner von Adelstetten, Haus und Furth (Munich 30 Jan 1773-Munich 20 Aug 1854, bur in the hapel on St Anton's Berg, Steppberg near Neuburg an der Donau). Councillor and adviser to the Bavarian crown. 5. FRANZ Archduke of Austria (Milan 6 Oct 1779-Modena 21 Jan 1846, bur San Vincenzo Modena). Titular Duke of Modena, Reggio-Emilia, Massa and Mirandola on the death of his father 24 Dec 1806, and reigned in these states as FRANCESCO IV Duke of Modena from 8 Jun 1815. Francesco assumed the title of Archduke of Austria-Este 14 Jul 1814. He became Principe di Massa & Duca di Carrara on the death of his mother 14 Nov 1829, as well as Duca di Lunigiana. Grand Master of the Order of the Eagle of Este, and chevalier of the Golden Fleece. m (Cagliari 20 Jun 1812) his niece, MARIA BEATRICE di Savoia Pss of Sardinia, daughter of VITTORIO EMANUELE I King of Sardinia & his wife Maria Theresia Archduchess of Austria Principessa di Carrara and Duchessa di Massa (Turin 6 Dec 1792-Cattajo 15 Sep 1840, bur San Vincenzo Modena). Francesco IV & his wife had four children: a) MARIA THERESIA Archduchess of Austria-Este Pss of Modena (Modena 14 Jul 1817-Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy] 25 Mar 1886, bur Santa Maria del Annunziazione, Castagnavizza [Kostanjevica na Krasu, now in Slovenia] near Görz [Gorizia]). Heiress of her uncle Archduke Maximilian Joseph. m (by proxy Modena 7 Nov 1846, in person Bruck an der Mur, Styria 16 Nov 1846) HENRI d’Artois Duc de Bordeaux, Comte de Chambord, son of CHARLES Ferdinand Duc de Berry & his wife donna Maria Carolina di Borbone Pss of the Two Sicilies (posthumously, Palais des Tuileries, Paris 29 Sep 1820-Schloß Frohsdorf, near Vienna 24 Aug 1883, bur Santa Maria del Annunziazione, Castagnavizza [Kostanjevica na Krasu, now in Slovenia] near Görz [Gorizia, now in Italy]). b) FRANCESCO Prince of Modena Archduke of Austria-Este (Modena 1 Jun 1819-Vienna 20 Nov 1875, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna). He succeeded his father 21 Jan 1846 as FRANCESCO V Duke of Modena, Reggio-Emilia, Massa and Mirandola. He became Duca di Guastalla 18 Dec 1847 following the death of Empress Marie-Louise, widow of Napoleon I. Francesco V fled his duchy in 1848 when his subjects voted for the country to be united with the Kingdom of Sardinia. He regained his position in Aug 1849 after the defeat of King Carlo Alberto of Sardinia at Novara. Francesco V was obliged to take refuge in Mantua in 1859 after Austria’s defeat at the battles of Magenta and Melegnano. His deposition was proclaimed in Aug 1859 when his states were transferred to Piedmont by declaration of the provisional government of Modena which had been established 14 Jun 1859. All his territories were finally united with the kingdom of Sardinia by decree of King Vittorio Emanuele II 18 Mar 1860. Francesco passed his exile in Vienna until his death. m (Munich 20 Mar 1842) ADELGUNDE Pss of Bavaria, daughter of LUDWIG I King of Bavaria & his wife Theresa Pss von Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Würzburg 19 Mar 1823-Munich 28 Jan 1914). Francesco V & his wife had one child: i) ANNA BEATRICE Archduchess of Austria-Este (Gries 19 Oct 1848-Modena 8 Jul 1849, bur Modena San Vincenzo). c) FERDINAND Archduke of Austria-Este (Modena 20 Jul 1821-Brünn 15 Dec 1849, bur San Vincenzo Modena). Major-General in the Austrian army. m (Schönbrunn 4 Oct 1847) ELISABETH Archduchess of Austria, daughter of JOSEPH Archduke of Austria Palatine of Hungary & his wife Dorothea Herzogin von Württemberg (Buda 17 Jan 1831-Vienna 14 Feb 1903, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna). Ferdinand & his wife had one child: i) MARIA THERESIA Archduchess of Austria-Este (Brünn 2 Jul 1849-Schloß Wildenwart im Chiemgau 3 Feb 1919, bur Frauenkirche Munich). m (Vienna 20 Feb 1868) LUDWIG Herzog von Bayern, son of LIUTPOLD Prince of Bavaria [later Prinzregent of Bavaria] & his wife Auguste Ferdinande Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany (Munich 7 Jan 1845-castle of Sárvár, Hungary 18 Oct 1921, bur Munich). He succeeded as LUDWIG III King of Bavaria on the abdication of his cousin King Otto 1913. Ludwig III was deposed 7/8 Nov 1918. d) MARIA BEATRICE Archduchess of Austria-Este (Modena 13 Feb 1824-Görz 18 Mar 1906, bur Graz Karmeliterkloster). She lived apart from her husband in Modena. Maria Beatrice retired to the Carmelite convent in Graz in 1872, and devoted her life to writing religious works. m (Modena 6 Feb 1847) [Infante] don JUAN de Borbón y Portugal Conde de Montizón, son of Infante don CARLOS de Borbón y Borbón [pretender to the Spanish throne] Conde de Molina & his first wife dona Infanta Maria Francisca de Asis de Bragança (Aranjuez 15 May 1822-Brighton 21 Nov 1887, bur Trieste Cathedral). He succeeded his brother in 1861 as Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne, but renounced his claim in favour of his son Carlos [VII] on the death of Queen Isabel II in 1868. 6. FERDINAND KARL Archduke of Austria (Milan 25 Apr 1781- Ebenzweier in Upper Austria 5 Nov 1850, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna). Entered the Austrian army in 1799. Brigade commander in Germany in 1800, Ferdinand Karl became Commander-in-Chief of the army in Germany in 1805. After the end of the war following the 1805 battle of Austerlitz, he became General in command in Moravia. During the 1809 campaign, he headed the army in Galicia against the Poles. Ferdinand Karl became General in command in Hungary after the second Peace of Paris 1816. He served as civil and military Governor in Galicia from 1832 to 1846, with a four-year break from 1834 to 1838 when he was Imperial Commissar in Transylvania. Ferdinand Karl was appointed Field Marshall in 1836. 7. MAXIMILIAN JOSEPH Archduke of Austria (Milan 14 Jul 1782-Ebenzweir in Upper Austria 1 Jun 1863, bur Altmünster in Upper Austria). Heir to his godfather and paternal uncle Archduke Maximilian Franz, the latter sponsored his entry into the Teutonic Order of Knights in 1801. Maximilian Joseph started his military career in 1803, rising to Commander of Field Artillery in 1809. After the end of the Napoleonic wars, he dedicated himself to military inventions. After his election as Grand-Master of the Teutonic Order in 1835 following the death of his cousin Archduke Anton Viktor, Maximilian Joseph devoted his time to the reorganisation of the Order. 8. MARIA ANTONIA Archduchess of Austria (21 Oct 1784-Milan 8 Apr 1786). 9. KARL AMBROS Archduke of Austria (Milan 2 Nov 1785- Tat (Dotis) in Hungary 2 Sep 1809, bur Cathedral of Esztergom (Gran) in Hungary). He was named Archbishop of Esztergom (Gran) and Primate of Hungary by the Pope in 1808. Died of typhus. 10. MARIA LUDOVIKA Archduchess of Austria (Monza 14 Dec 1787-palazzo Canossa in Verona 7 Apr 1816, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna). She played an active role in political and cultural life, becoming in particular a patron of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. She died from tuberculosis. m (Vienna 6 Jan 1808) as his third wife, her first cousin, FRANZ I Emperor of Austria, son of Emperor LEOPOLD II Archduke of Austria & his wife Infanta dońa María Luisa de Borbón y Sajonia (Florence 12 Feb 1768-Vienna 2 Mar 1835, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna).
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