This document provides a continuation to the document SOUTHERN ITALY (1), and shows nobles families in the southern half of the Italian peninsula in the 11th to 14th centuries, after the fall of the Lombard principalities, in the area of the present-day Italian regions of Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Molise and Puglia. The nobles in question were vassals of the dukes of Apulia, later kings of Sicily. They were, in turn, followers of the Norman Hauteville dynasty of kings (until the end-12th century), the Hohenstaufen (first half of the 13th century), the Anjou-Capet kings (from 1266), and their Aragonese rivals (from the late-13th century). As will be seen, control of many of the counties changed with each successive change of dynasty.

The arrival of the Normans in southern Italy in the early 11th century triggered a complete change in the profile of the nobility. The new Norman rulers established their own network of counties and appointed their own followers as counts. There were numerous new appointments, and counts were frequently switched from one county to another, or dispossessed entirely as punishment for participation in the numerous rebellions organised against the Norman rulers. The information in the primary sources about these early Norman nobles is patchy. Despite access to many sources, it has proved difficult to reconstitute many of these noble Norman families for more than a couple of generations. Nor has much information been found on the precise origins of the Norman counts who settled in southern Italy. A few can be connected to noble families in Normandy, but they are the exception. It is assumed that the majority of Norman immigrants came from relatively humble backgrounds. In several cases, the sources hint at family connections between these newly established nobility and the Hauteville family of the dukes of Apulia/kings of Sicily, but not all such relationships can be traced precisely.

A handful of Lombard noble families survived the transition and continued to flourish under Norman rule. They were also joined by families from northern Italy, in some cases related to the Aleramici dynasty of the Marchesi di Monferrato and Marchesi del Vasto e Saluzzo, who arrived in southern Italy as a result of dynastic marriages into the ruling family of the Norman counts of Apulia and Sicily, or as adventurers.

The Norman dynasty of the kingdom of Sicily became extinct in the legitimate male line at the end of the 12th century. The arrival of the Hohenstaufen dynasty from Germany brought a new wave of nobles in its wake, the most influential of which was the family of the Bavarian Markgrafen von Hohenburg. Existing Norman families who supported King Federigo (the future Emperor Friedrich II) retained their positions, but dissatisfaction with the new rulers triggered rebellions and confiscation of their properties which followed the suppression of the revolts, for example the case of the Conti di Sanseverino. During the ten years of rule by Manfredo King of Sicily, illegitimate son of Emperor Friedrich, a change in the practice of noble appointments can be observed from the primary sources, which reveal only a handful of new counts most of whom were the king´s relatives on his mother´s side of the family. The holdings of Manfredo´s nobles were confiscated by King Charles I after his accession in 1266, and a new group of nobility arrived in the kingdom, notably the various members of the Baux family of Provence who came to Naples with the Angevin king.

It is noteworthy that the primary sources so far consulted do not mention any counts who were installed on the island of Sicily itself, the territories established on the Italian mainland presumably being less challenging to maintain.

Two comprehensive documents provide an effective census of nobility in the kingdom of Sicily for the mid-12th and mid-13th centuries. A listing of nobles and their landholdings under the Norman kings is provided by the "Catalogus Baronum", which was compiled under the auspices of Guillaume II "le Bon" King of Sicily[1]. The document is not dated but it can probably be assigned narrowly to [1168], judging by the names of some of the individuals who are recorded, assuming that all parts of the survey were compiled at the same time. The Catalogus records fiefholders in the following named duchies, counties and principalities within the Sicilian kingdom: "ducatus Apuliæ…terræ Bari…comitatus Gravinæ…comitatus Andriæ…comitatu Cupersani…principatu Tarenti…comitatus Montis Caveosi…comitatus Licii…comitatus Civitatis…comitatu Loritelli…comitatus Casertæ…comitatus Fundanus…Domini di Aquino…comitatu Simonis comitis de Sangro". Other counties which were known before the mid-12th century are also referred to by name, but not as counties, for example Avellino, Marsico and Aversa. It is difficult to be sure whether this omission was intended or only represents unintentional drafting errors. Just over 100 years after the Catalogus was written, Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] compiled a "Book of Fees" which lists properties which had been confiscated from the supporters of his predecessor, King Manfredo, and were restored to their previous owners by the new regime[2]. The listing refers to many nobles and their castles, including genealogical details which have not been found elsewhere, but names only four counties in the kingdom: Sanseverino, Marsico, Caserta and Apice.

The counties set out in this document are grouped by present-day Italian region. This is not especially satisfactory as it in no way reflects the divisions which existed in medieval times. Nevertheless, it is helpful to future research to group the nobility territorially. In addition, a large number of references have been found to nobles in southern Italy which have not yet been allocated geographically. They are set out in Chapter 6 of the present document. I am grateful to Paolo Rossi's work in helping to establish the geographical allocation of these counties[3].

Chapter 1. COUNTIES in BASILICATA

The present-day Italian region of Basilicata is located north of Calabria and the south of Puglia [Apulia]. The only medieval counties so far identified with this area are Marsico, Policastro, Sanseverino and Tricarico, as well as the Signoria di Chiaromonte.

A. SIGNORI di CHIAROMONTE

Chiaromonte is located mid-way between the towns of Senise and Fardella in the southern part of the present-day Italian region of Basilicata. It lies between the rivers Sinni and Serrapótamo. Hugues "Monoculus" is recorded as Lord of Chiaromonte from 1074. Descendants of his family have so far been traced in primary sources until the 1130s.

Four siblings, parents not identified:

1. HUGUES "Monoculus" (-after 13 May 1111). "Ugo Clarimontis" and his wife "Gimarga" donated property to the monastery of San Anastasio di Carbone by charter dated Mar 1074[4]. "Hugues de Chiaromonte" donated the church of Santa Maria di Cersosimo to Cava, for the soul of "son fils Roger", by charter dated 15 Nov 1088, subscribed by "Ascettinus de Claromonte"[5]. "Alexander filius domine Rocce et gener domini Ugonis Clarimontis" with his wife "Avenia" donated property to San Anastasio di Carbone, with the consent of "son seigneur et beau-père sire Hugues", by charter dated [Sep 1085/Aug 1096], subscribed by "…Nicolaus frater domini [Alexandri]…"[6]. "Riccardus comitis Drogonis filius atque Roberti Guiscardi totius Calabrie et Apulie atque Sicilie ducis…atque fili eiusdem Rogeri et ipsius heredis dapifer" donated property inherited from "soror mea Aumburga" to the bishop of Nicastro and the church of San Pietro founded by "sorore mea Aumberga" by charter dated 1101, witnessed by "Ugo de Claromonte, Rogerius Roberti ducis filius…Dragus frater Alexandri…Alexander nepos Riccardi dapifer"[7]. Roger II King of Sicily confirmed the possessions of the monastery of Santa Maria di Tercia by charter dated 16 Oct 1133, including property donated by "Hugo de Claromonte…MCI mense Decembris"[8]. "Albereda Colubrari Pollicorique domina" donated the church of San Nicola Peratico to Cava, for the souls of "Roberti Guiscardi ducis…bone memorie viri, Dominique Boamundi, nec non Rogerii de Pomareda…mei quondam viri, Dominique Ugonis Clarimontis…dominique Alexandri Clarimontis suique fratris domini Riccardi meorum…nepotum", by charter dated Jul 1122[9]. m GIMARGA, daughter of ---. "Ugo Clarimontis" and his wife "Gimarga" donated property to the monastery of San Anastasio di Carbone by charter dated Mar 1074[10]. Hugues & his wife had three children:

a) ASKETILL di Chiaromonte . "Hugues de Chiaromonte" donated the church of Santa Maria di Cersosimo to Cava, for the soul of "son fils Roger", by charter dated 15 Nov 1088, subscribed by "Ascettinus de Claromonte"[11]. m ---. The name of Asketill´s wife is not known. Asketill & his wife had one child:

i) UGO di Chiaromonte (-after Sep 1125). "Alexandro de Claromonte et Riccardo fratre meo" confirmed the donation of the church of Santa Maria di Scanzana to the monastery of San Anastasio di Carbone by "beatæ memoriæ Riccardi Sinescalci et dominæ Alberedæ amitæ nostræ et Petri Boiti et clarissimi dynastæ domini Boamundi", by charter dated Sep 1125, witnessed by "Hugo filius Raneri et Comestabulus, Hugo filius Ascintini de Claromonte…"[12].

b) ROGER di Chiaromonte . "Hugues de Chiaromonte" donated the church of Santa Maria di Cersosimo to Cava, for the soul of "son fils Roger", by charter dated 15 Nov 1088, subscribed by "Ascettinus de Claromonte"[13].

c) AVENIA (-after Mar 1108). "Alexander filius domine Rocce et gener domini Ugonis Clarimontis" with his wife "Avenia" donated property to San Anastasio di Carbone, with the consent of "son seigneur et beau-père sire Hugues", by charter dated [Sep 1085/Aug 1096], subscribed by "…Nicolaus frater domini [Alexandri]…"[14]. "Alexander de Sinesio" with his wife "Avenia" donated the church of San Filippo di Palaciis to San Anastasio di Carbone by charter dated Mar 1108, subscribed by "Niellis frater domini Alexandri"[15]. m ALESSANDRO, son of UBERTO & his wife Rocca --- (-[Mar/Apr] 1108, bur San Niccolo di Bari).

2. ALEXANDRE (-after 1116). Roger II King of Sicily confirmed the possessions of the monastery of Santa Maria di Tercia by charter dated 16 Oct 1133, including property donated by "Alexander de Claromonte…MCXVI" for the soul of "fratris sui Hugonis"[16].

3. --- . m ---. Two children:

a) ALESSANDRO (-after 1139). "Albereda Colubrari Pollicorique domina" donated the church of San Nicola Peratico to Cava, for the souls of "Roberti Guiscardi ducis…bone memorie viri, Dominique Boamundi, nec non Rogerii de Pomareda…mei quondam viri, Dominique Ugonis Clarimontis…dominique Alexandri Clarimontis suique fratris domini Riccardi meorum…nepotum", by charter dated Jul 1122[17]. Signore di Pollicori. "Alexandro de Claromonte et Riccardo fratre meo" confirmed the donation of the church of Santa Maria di Scanzana to the monastery of San Anastasio di Carbone by "beatæ memoriæ Riccardi Sinescalci et dominæ Alberedæ amitæ nostræ et Petri Boiti et clarissimi dynastæ domini Boamundi", by charter dated Sep 1125, witnessed by "Hugo filius Raneri et Comestabulus, Hugo filius Ascintini de Claromonte…"[18]. The Romoaldi Annales record that "Riccardus…de Claromonte" was killed at Bari, dated to Oct 1139, and "Alexander…frater eius" retreated "in Romaniam"[19].

b) RICCARDO di Chiaromonte (-executed Bari Oct 1139). "Albereda Colubrari Pollicorique domina" donated the church of San Nicola Peratico to Cava, for the souls of "Roberti Guiscardi ducis…bone memorie viri, Dominique Boamundi, nec non Rogerii de Pomareda…mei quondam viri, Dominique Ugonis Clarimontis…dominique Alexandri Clarimontis suique fratris domini Riccardi meorum…nepotum", by charter dated Jul 1122[20]. "Alexandro de Claromonte et Riccardo fratre meo" confirmed the donation of the church of Santa Maria di Scanzana to the monastery of San Anastasio di Carbone by "beatæ memoriæ Riccardi Sinescalci et dominæ Alberedæ amitæ nostræ et Petri Boiti et clarissimi dynastæ domini Boamundi", by charter dated Sep 1125, witnessed by "Hugo filius Raneri et Comestabulus, Hugo filius Ascintini de Claromonte…"[21]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Goffredus…domini Alexandri comitis filius et Riccardus Clarimontis dominus" defended Brindisi in 1133 against King Roger who had returned from Sicily in May 1133 to recapture the citadel[22]. The Romoaldi Annales record that "Riccardus…de Claromonte" was killed at Bari, dated to Oct 1139, and "Alexander…frater eius" retreated "in Romaniam"[23].

4. ALBEREDA (-[Jul 1122/Sep 1125], bur Church of the Abbey of Santissima Trinità, near Venosa). "Roggerius de Pomareda…cum domina Albereda…coniuge mea" donated the church of Santa Maria di Scanzana to the abbot of Santa Maria di Pisticci by charter dated Jan 1095[24]. "Ricchardus Senescalcus maximi comitis Drogonis filius…cum domina Albereda…coniuge mea" donated the church of Santa Maria di Scanzana to the abbot of Santa Maria di Pisticci by charter dated Mar 1113[25]. "Albereda domina Colubrarii et Policorii" donated property to SS Trinità di Venosa, for the souls of "Rogerii de Pomareda viri mei" and for the health of "viri mei Riccardi Senescalli…militis Domini comitis Drogonis filii, et filii mei Roberti", and with the consent of "Riccardus Senescallus domini comitis Drogonis filius", by charter dated 1118[26]. "Albereda Colubrari Pollicorique domina" donated the church of San Nicola Peratico to Cava, for the souls of "Roberti Guiscardi ducis…bone memorie viri, Dominique Boamundi, nec non Rogerii de Pomareda…mei quondam viri, Dominique Ugonis Clarimontis…dominique Alexandri Clarimontis suique fratris domini Riccardi meorum…nepotum", by charter dated Jul 1122[27]. "Alexandro de Claromonte et Riccardo fratre meo" confirmed the donation of the church of Santa Maria di Scanzana to the monastery of San Anastasio di Carbone by "beatæ memoriæ Riccardi Sinescalci et dominæ Alberedæ amitæ nostræ et Petri Boiti et clarissimi dynastæ domini Boamundi", by charter dated Sep 1125, witnessed by "Hugo filius Raneri et Comestabulus, Hugo filius Ascintini de Claromonte…"[28]. m firstly RUGGIERO di Pomareda, son of ---. m secondly ([Apr 1108/Mar 1113]) as his second wife, RICHARD Conte di Mottola, Castellaneta e Oria, son of DROGO de Hauteville Conte di Apulia & his first wife Altruda --- ([1047/51]-[1118/Sep 1125]). Albereda & her first husband had one child:

a) ROBERTO [di Pomareda] (-[1122/Sep 1125]). "Albereda domina Colubrarii et Policorii" donated property to SS Trinità di Venosa, for the souls of "Rogerii de Pomareda viri mei" and for the health of "viri mei Riccardi Senescalli…militis Domini comitis Drogonis filii, et filii mei Roberti", and with the consent of "Riccardus Senescallus domini comitis Drogonis filius", by charter dated 1118[29]. It is likely that he died before Sep 1125, the date of the charter under which his mother´s nephews confirmed her donation to San Anastasio di Carbone. He was probably still alive in 1122, otherwise his mother would have named him among her deceased relatives for whom she made donations to Cava.

B. CONTI di MARSICO

The town of Marsico, now Marsico Nuovo, is situated in the south-western part of the present-day Italian region of Basilicata. It was elevated into a county by Roger I King of Sicily in [1150] in favour of Silvestre, son of Geoffroy di Ragusa who was an illegitimate son of Roger I Count of Sicily. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Silvester de Marsico" holding fiefs "in demanio Marsicum…Roccettam…et Dianum…et Salam…" in "de Marsico"[30]. The county was later granted to the counts of Sanseverino, who were descended from the daughter of Count Silvestre. Manfredo King of Sicily appointed Enrico di Spernaria as conte di Marsico, and later Riccardo Filangeri. After the fall of King Manfredo, the county was returned to the Sanseverino family by Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet]. The subsequent history of the county has not yet been traced.

GEOFFROY, illegitimate son of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his mistress --- (-after 16 Dec 1120). It is not possible that this Geoffroy was the same person as Comte Roger´s son, named Geoffroy/Godefroi, who is recorded as having been a leper. It is also chronologically impossible that he was the son of Roger II Count of Sicily, given the latter´s birth in 1095. It is assumed therefore that this second son named Geoffroy was an illegitimate son of Count Roger I. His father granted him Ragusa[31]. "Tancredus de Siracusa et Goffredus de Ragusia et Robert Avenelles et Radulfus de Belvaco" are named as present in a charter dated [Mar 25/31 Aug] 1107 under which "Adalasia comitissa Siciliæ et Calabriæ et…comes Rogerius filius eius" donated property to the bishopric of Squillace on the advice of "ipsorum baronum…Roberti Borelli et Gosberti de Licia et Willelmi de Altavilla"[32]. “Gaufridus de Ragusia filius Rogerii comitis cum uxore sua Rogalia et filiis Bartholomeo, Silvestro et Gothofredo” donated property to Catania by charter dated 16 Dec 1120[33].

m ROGALIA, daughter of --- (-[after Sep 1141]). “Gaufridus de Ragusia filius Rogerii comitis cum uxore sua Rogalia et filiis Bartholomeo, Silvestro et Gothofredo” donated property to Catania by charter dated 16 Dec 1120[34]. She was presumably alive in Sep 1141, the date of the charter, subscribed by "…Rogerii filii domne Raguse…", under which "Gaimarus filius Alfani…et uxor mea Beatrix" restored property to the bishop of Cefalù[35].

Godefroi & his wife had four children:

1. BARTHELEMY (-after 16 Dec 1120). “Gaufridus de Ragusia filius Rogerii comitis cum uxore sua Rogalia et filiis Bartholomeo, Silvestro et Gothofredo” donated property to Catania by charter dated 16 Dec 1120[36].

2. SILVESTRE (-after 1166). “Gaufridus de Ragusia filius Rogerii comitis cum uxore sua Rogalia et filiis Bartholomeo, Silvestro et Gothofredo” donated property to Catania by charter dated 16 Dec 1120[37]. He was invested as Conte di Marsico in [1150] by Roger I King of Sicily. Hugo Falcandus names "Count Silvester" describing him as "the most timid of men" and one of the nobles in Sicily whose survival was attributable to their unwillingness to move against chancellor Maio[38]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Guillelmus filius Henrici de Sancto Severino" holding "demanium eius de Sancto Severino…de Principatu", with "milites XIII et augmentum eius milites XIV…una…inter feudum et augmentum milites XXVIII", adding in a later passage that "comes Silvester tenet eium in servitio"[39]. The same source records "comes Silvester de Marsico" holding fiefs "in demanio Marsicum…Roccettam…et Dianum…et Salam…" in "de Marsico", with "militum XXXVI et augmentum eius milites LXXII"[40]. m ---. The name of Silvestre's wife is not known. Silvestre & his wife had five children:

a) GUILLAUME (-after Nov 1192). His parentage is confirmed by the reference to a lost charter dated to [1161/66] which records the sale by Guillaume I King of Sicily of houses in Palermo to "…comitis Silvestris patri mei", and his son Count Guillaume reselling these houses[41]. Hugo Falcandus records that "the queen created eight counts in that one year [1166]" including "Count Silvester's son William"[42]. Conte di Marsico. "Guglielmo conte di Marsico" sold property which Guillaume I King of Sicily had granted to "Silvestro padre suo" by charter dated 1175[43]. "Guillelmus…comes Marsici" confirmed having sold property to the "Dogana dei Baroni", which had been sold to "comiti Silvestro patri meo", by charter dated Jul 1176, signed by "Henrici de Vizino, Guidoni de Gifone"[44]. "…Conte Guglielmo di Marsico, conte Anfuso, Ugo Lapino" subscribed the charter dated 15 Aug 1176 under which Guillaume II King of Sicily founded a church at Monreale, and donated property of "fu Silvestro conte di Marsico"[45]. A charter dated 1192 records “Willelmus...comes Marsicanus et dominus Ragusia et domina Stephana comitissa eius uxor”[46]. “Willelmus...comes Marsicanus et dominus Ragusia et domina Alphana...comitissa eiusdem” donated property to “monasterium...apud Bussemam” by charter dated Nov 1192[47]. m STEFANIA [Alfana], daughter of --- (-after Nov 1192). A charter dated 1192 records “Willelmus...comes Marsicanus et dominus Ragusia et domina Stephana comitissa eius uxor”[48]. “Willelmus...comes Marsicanus et dominus Ragusia et domina Alphana...comitissa eiusdem” donated property to “monasterium...apud Bussemam” by charter dated Nov 1192[49].

b) MATHILDE (-bur S. Cataldi). An epitaph at S. Cataldi records the burial of “comitis Sylvesri nata Mathildis” who lived three months[50].

c) GEOFFROY (-[before 1200]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Conversano: Pirro names “Gaufridi Conversani et Montis Caveosi comitis, Netique, Selasiani et Calatanixectæ domini, Sylvestri Marsicani tertiogeniti” when recording the marriage of his daughter[51], but cites no source which confirms the information. It is assumed that Geoffroy died before his older brother Guillaume, considering that Geoffroy’s son Silvestre succeeded Guillaume as Conte di Marscio. No primary source has been found which confirms that Geoffroy was Conte di Conversano. m ---. The name of Geoffroy’s wife is not known. Geoffroy & his wife had [two children]:

i) [SILVESTRE (-after Mar 1200). Conte di Marsico. Pirro records that “comes Silvester Guillelmi laudati ex Gaufrido fratre nepos...magnus Siciliæ comestabulus” confirmed and increased donations to “monasterium...apud Bussemom” by charter dated Mar 1200 [summary only, charter not reproduced][52].]

ii) [DESIDERATA (-Jan 1201). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Pirro records that “Bartholomæus de Lucy genere” married “Desideratam Gaufridi Conversani et Montis Caveosi comitis, Netique, Selasiani et Calatanixectæ domini, Sylvestri Marsicani tertiogeniti filiam”[53]. On the other hand, Garufi says that Desiderata was “figliuola di Goffredo di Lecce conte di Montecaglioso”[54]. Neither author cites the primary source which confirms their assertions. “Bartholomaus de Lucis...comes Paternionis...Desiderata uxor comitis Bartholomai de Lucis” donated property to “ecclesiam...Tremesteri...in territorio civitatis Messina” by charter dated 9 Sep 1193, witnessed by “...Gerardus de Lucis miles...”[55]. m BARTHELEMY de Lucy Conte di Paternò, son of --- de Lucy & his wife --- (-1200).]

d) ISABELLE . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m GUGLIELMO Conte di Sanseverino, son of ENRICO Conte di Sanseverino & his wife Fenicia --- (-after [1168]).

3. GODEFROI (-after 16 Dec 1120). “Gaufridus de Ragusia filius Rogerii comitis cum uxore sua Rogalia et filiis Bartholomeo, Silvestro et Gothofredo” donated property to Catania by charter dated 16 Dec 1120[56].

4. ROGER . "…Roberti de Constantino, Rogerii Marescalli, Manguisi privigni eius, Gaufridi Andegavensis, Robert Scalionis, Willelmi de Aurentia…Rogerii filii domne Raguse…" subscribed the charter dated Sep 1141 under which "Gaimarus filius Alfani…et uxor mea Beatrix" restored property to the bishop of Cefalù[57].

1. TOMMASO di Sanseverino, son of GUGLIELMO di Sanseverino & his wife Isabella di Marsico (-after 1223). Conte di Sanseverino. Conte di Marsico. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that Emperor Friedrich II restored "castrum Siani", confiscated from his brother, to "comes Thomasius frater ipsius comitis Jacobi" who held Sanseverino for one year but then exchanged "terram S. Severini et Roccam Cilenti" for "comitatu Marsici"[58]. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that Emperor Friedrich II confiscated "castrum S. Severini" from "comitem Thomasium patri…comitis Rogerii, et d. Guilielmum filium eius" at the time of "rebellionis Caputacii" when "ipsi…cum aliis baronibus" plotted to assassinate the emperor and fled the country[59]. Tommaso & his wife had children:

a) see SANSEVERINO.

b) RUGGIERO di Sanseverino (-[1281/86]). His parentage is confirmed by the Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily which records that "castrum Atani, Sala et Dianum" were restored to "comiti Rogerio de S. Severino", adding that "castrum Sale" had been granted to "comiti Thomasio patri dicti comitis Rogerii" by Emperor Friedrich II[60]. Conte di Sanseverino. Conte di Marsico. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "Rocca Cilenti…castrum Atani, Sala et Dianum…castrum S. Severini" were restored to "comiti Rogerio de Sancto Severino" who exchanged it and "S. Severinum" for "comitatum Marsici"[61]. The Chronicle of Amadi records that "el conte Rugier de San Severin, el conte de Mersiche" landed at Acre 7 Jun, in 1277 from the context, leading troops sent by Charles I King of Naples [Anjou-Capet][62]. "Rogerius de San Severino comes de Marsica, bajulus Caroli I regis Siciliæ et Hierosolymitani" settled a dispute between the Knights Hospitallers and the Pisans by charter dated 31 Oct 1281[63].

1. ENRICO di Spernaria . Conte di Marsico. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Henrico de Spernaria" was granted "comitatus Marsici" in Feb 1256 by the future Manfredo King of Sicily[64].

1. RICCARDO Filangieri . The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Thomas comes Acerræ cognatus Principis" [referring to the future Manfredo King of Sicily] "et Riccardus Filangerius" visited Manfredo to negotiate their support during the period when he was plotting to seize the kingdom, dated to [1254/55] from the context[65]. Conte di Marsico. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina names "Richardus Filangerius comes Marsici" as viceroy of Manfredo King of Sicily in Sicily[66].

2. [TOMMASO Filangieri (-before 2 May 1256). The parentage of Tommaso is not known. But his name suggests that he may have been a younger brother or paternal uncle of Riccardo Filangeri.] m ---. The name of Tommaso´s wife is not known. Tommaso & his wife had one child:

a) MATTIA (-after 2 May 1256). Pope Alexander IV wrote to "Mattia filia q. d. Thomasii cognomino Filangerii tenens baroniam in Aversa" referring to a dispute with the monastery of "S. petri ad aram de Neap." about a mill at Aversa, dated 2 May 1256[67].

C. CONTI di POLICASTRO (LORDS of PATERNÒ)

The southern coast of the present-day Italian region of Basilicata lies on the Gulf of Policastro. A town of Policastro has not yet been located. A county of Policastro is recorded by Hugo Falcandus in the early 1150s, but no later references have been identified. The count of Policastro also held Butera and Paternò in Sicily.

ENRICO del Vasto, son of MANFREDO del Vasto Marchese di Savona & his wife --- (-after Apr 1137). "Bonifacius marchio filius quondam Teutonis…marchio et Henrico nepos suus" donated property to the canons of the church "in valle Burmia in loco…Ferranica" by charter dated 1097[68]. He was granted Paternò and Butera, either by his brother-in-law Roger I Count of Sicily or by Roger´s widow after Count Roger's death[69]. . "Henricus avunculus comitis…" witnessed a charter dated [Oct] 1116 by which "Rogerius Sicilie atque Calabrie comes" confirmed a judgment relating to Bagnara[70]. “Henricus Maiofrodi marchionis filius” donated “ecclesiam beati Nicholai cum terra...iuxta flumen Odotian...” to S. Trinità di Cara by charter dated 21 Apr 1121[71]. Enrico del Vasto confirmed privileges of Paternò Santa Maria di Josaphat, confirmed by “Flandina uxoris mea sive Rogerii atque Simonis necnon Manfredi atque Jordani filiorum meorum”, by charter dated 1124[72]. “Henricus...comes filius quondam Mainfredi bonæ memoriæ marchionis” donated “terram in Buteriæ territoriis” to S. Bartolomeo di Lipari, confirmed by “meis...filiis Roclerio ac J[ordano]”, by charter dated 9 Mar 1130, witnessed by “...Roclerius meus maior filius...”[73]. “Henricus magni regis Rogerii avunculus” summarised his donations to S. Bartolomeo di Lipari, for the souls of “meæ atque uxoris meæ Flandrinæ” by charter dated 1134, witnessed by “...Rogerius [maior filius Henri]ci comitis...”[74]. “Henricus...comes et marchio” donated property “...in territorio Paternionis...” to “presbitero Iohanni Malphetano...monacho”, for the souls of “domini...comitis Rogerii et domine Adalasie regine mee sororis” and “pro vita et homore domini nostris...regis Rogerii et pro anima mea et mee uxoris Flandine”, by charter dated Apr 1136 (O.S.)[75].

m (before 1094) FLANDRINA of Sicily, daughter of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his second wife Eremburge de Mortain (-[Apr 1137/Aug 1143]). Chalandon records that her parentage and marriage are confirmed by Pirro[76]. Her parentage is indicated by the Apr 1154 charter of her grandson “Manfredus comitis Simonis filius” which donated property to S. Maria di Mazzarino for the souls of “comitis Rogerii proavi mei...uxoris eius Adelasie...regine et...Henrici avi mei et eius coniugis comitisse Flandine”[77]. Enrico del Vasto confirmed privileges of Paternò Santa Maria di Josaphat, confirmed by “Flandina uxoris mea sive Rogerii atque Simonis necnon Manfredi atque Jordani filiorum meorum”, by charter dated 1124[78]. “Henricus magni regis Rogerii avunculus” summarised his donations to S. Bartolomeo di Lipari, for the souls of “meæ atque uxoris meæ Flandrinæ” by charter dated 1134, witnessed by “...Rogerius [maior filius Henri]ci comitis...”[79]. “Henricus...comes et marchio” donated property “...in territorio Paternionis...” to “presbitero Iohanni Malphetano...monacho”, for the souls of “domini...comitis Rogerii et domine Adalasie regine mee sororis” and “pro vita et homore domini nostris...regis Rogerii et pro anima mea et mee uxoris Flandine”, by charter dated Apr 1136 (O.S.)[80]. The Aug 1143 charter of her son Simone suggests that Flandrina was deceased at the time.

Enrico & his wife had five children:

1. RUGGIERO (-after 1134). Enrico del Vasto confirmed privileges of Paternò Santa Maria di Josaphat, confirmed by “Flandina uxoris mea sive Rogerii atque Simonis necnon Manfredi atque Jordani filiorum meorum”, by charter dated 1124[81]. “Henricus...comes filius quondam Mainfredi bonæ memoriæ marchionis” donated “terram in Buteriæ territoriis” to S. Bartolomeo di Lipari, confirmed by “meis...filiis Roclerio ac J[ordano]”, by charter dated 9 Mar 1130, witnessed by “...Roclerius meus maior filius...”[82]. “Henricus magni regis Rogerii avunculus” summarised his donations to S. Bartolomeo di Lipari, for the souls of “meæ atque uxoris meæ Flandrinæ” by charter dated 1134, witnessed by “...Rogerius [maior filius Henri]ci comitis...”[83].

2. SIMONE (-[Apr 1154/Dec 1158]). Enrico del Vasto confirmed privileges of Paternò Santa Maria di Josaphat, confirmed by “Flandina uxoris mea sive Rogerii atque Simonis necnon Manfredi atque Jordani filiorum meorum”, by charter dated 1124[84]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese names "Simon comes Sancti Angeli Montis Gargani…consobrinus frater regis…filiusque Henrici comitis…regis avunculi" among the supporters of Roger King of Sicily, dated to [1134/35] from the context[85]. Conte di Monte Sant’Angelo (nel Monte Gargano). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated Sep 1156 under which "Guillelmus…rex Sicilie, ducatus Apulie et principatus Capue" guaranteed continued possession by the monastery of Patti of property previously donated by "comes Henricus pater ipsius comitis Simonis", which the latter had taken[86]. “Comitis Symeonis...Thomasie comitisse...Guillelmi filii Eufimii” donated various churches to S. Maria di Licodia, for “Rogerio duce et eorum fratribus et beatissimo comite Chenry et domina Flandua et fratribus meis, et comite Symone et comitissa Thomasia et natis nostris”, by charter dated Aug 1143, witnessed by “...Rogerius filius comitis...Manfredus filius comitis...”[87]. “Simon...comes” donated property to the Knights Hospitaller by charter dated Feb 1147[88]. “Simon comes Butere” donated various churches to S. Sepulcro, with the consent of “uxoris meo domine Thomasie”, by charter dated 30 Nov 1148, witnessed by “Rogerii filiii comitis...”[89]. Conte di Policastro. Hugo Falcandus names "Count Simon of Policastro", records that he opposed chancellor Maio of Bari who plotted against him in [1154/55] and that he was arrested and deprived of his office of constable[90]. Simone was recorded as living in his son Manfredo’s Apr 1154 charter, but Manfredo’s Dec 1158 charter suggests that his father was deceased at the time. m TOMASIA, daughter of --- (-after 30 Nov 1148). “Comitis Symeonis...Thomasie comitisse...Guillelmi filii Eufimii” donated various churches to S. Maria di Licodia, for “...comite Symone et comitissa Thomasia et natis nostris”, by charter dated Aug 1143[91]. “Simon comes Butere” donated various churches to S. Sepulcro, with the consent of “uxoris meo domine Thomasie”, by charter dated 30 Nov 1148, witnessed by “Rogerii filiii comitis...”[92]. Simone & his wife had two children:

a) MANFREDO . “Comitis Symeonis...Thomasie comitisse...Guillelmi filii Eufimii” donated various churches to S. Maria di Licodia, by charter dated Aug 1143, witnessed by “...Rogerius filius comitis...Manfredus filius comitis...”[93]. “Manfredus comitis Simonis filius” donated property to S. Maria di Mazzarino, with the consent of “domina Beatrice uxore mea”, for the soul of “comitis Rogerii proavi mei...uxoris eius Adelasie...regine et...Henrici avi mei et eius coniugis comitisse Flandine”, by charter dated Apr 1154, witnessed by “...domini Odonis de Arcadio patris predicte domine Beatricis, domini Rogerii filii predicti comitis Simonis fratris vidui iam dicti domini Manfredi...domini Angotti filii Willelmi de Putholo sororis vidui predicti domini Manfredi”[94]. “Manfredus comitis Symonis filius” donated “domos meas...apud Buteriam” to the bishop of Patti & Lipari, with the consent of “uxoris mee Beatricis...Odonis Archaio filio...Rogerio fratre meo...Girardus frater comitis Simonis”, by charter dated Dec 1158, witnessed by “...Ernandus Ursi filius”[95]. m (before Apr 1154) BEATRICE di Arquada, daughter of ODONE Signore di Arquada & his wife --- (-after Dec 1158). “Manfredus comitis Simonis filius” donated property to S. Maria di Mazzarino, with the consent of “domina Beatrice uxore mea”, by charter dated Apr 1154, witnessed by “...domini Odonis de Arcadio patris predicte domine Beatricis, domini Rogerii filii predicti comitis Simonis fratris vidui iam dicti domini Manfredi...domini Angotti filii Willelmi de Putholo sororis vidui predicti domini Manfredi”[96]. “Manfredus comitis Symonis filius” donated “domos meas...apud Buteriam” to the bishop of Patti & Lipari, with the consent of “uxoris mee Beatricis...Odonis Archaio filio...Rogerio fratre meo...Girardus frater comitis Simonis”, by charter dated Dec 1158[97].

b) daughter . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the following document: “Manfredus comitis Simonis filius” donated property to S. Maria di Mazzarino, with the consent of “domina Beatrice uxore mea”, by charter dated Apr 1154, witnessed by “...domini Angotti filii Willelmi de Putholo sororis [sororii?] vidui predicti domini Manfredi”[98]. m (before Apr 1154) ANGOTTO di Pozzuolo, son of GUGLIELMO di Pozzuolo & his wife ---.

Simone had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

c) ROGER "Sclavus" (-after 1161). “Comitis Symeonis...Thomasie comitisse...Guillelmi filii Eufimii” donated various churches to S. Maria di Licodia, by charter dated Aug 1143, witnessed by “...Rogerius filius comitis...Manfredus filius comitis...”[99]. “Simon comes Butere” donated various churches to S. Sepulcro, with the consent of “uxoris meo domine Thomasie”, by charter dated 30 Nov 1148, witnessed by “Rogerii filiii comitis...”[100]. “Manfredus comitis Simonis filius” donated property to S. Maria di Mazzarino, with the consent of “domina Beatrice uxore mea”, by charter dated Apr 1154, witnessed by “...domini Rogerii filii predicti comitis Simonis fratris vidui iam dicti domini Manfredi...domini Angotti filii Willelmi de Putholo sororis [sororii?] vidui predicti domini Manfredi”[101]. “Manfredus comitis Symonis filius” donated “domos meas...apud Buteriam” to the bishop of Patti & Lipari, with the consent of “uxoris mee Beatricis...Odonis Archaio filio...Rogerio fratre meo...Girardus frater comitis Simonis”, by charter dated Dec 1158[102]. Hugo Falcandus names "Count Simon's bastard son Roger Sclavus" among those responsible for the capture of Guillaume I King of Sicily in 1161[103].

3. MANFREDO (-after 1124) Enrico del Vasto confirmed privileges of Paternò Santa Maria di Josaphat, confirmed by “Flandina uxoris mea sive Rogerii atque Simonis necnon Manfredi atque Jordani filiorum meorum”, by charter dated 1124[104].

4. GIORDANO (-after 9 Mar 1130). Enrico del Vasto confirmed privileges of Paternò Santa Maria di Josaphat, confirmed by “Flandina uxoris mea sive Rogerii atque Simonis necnon Manfredi atque Jordani filiorum meorum”, by charter dated 1124[105]. “Henricus...comes filius quondam Mainfredi bonæ memoriæ marchionis” donated “terram in Buteriæ territoriis” to S. Bartolomeo di Lipari, confirmed by “meis...filiis Roclerio ac J[ordano]”, by charter dated 9 Mar 1130, witnessed by “...Roclerius meus maior filius...”[106].

5. GIRARDO (-after Dec 1158). “Manfredus comitis Symonis filius” donated “domos meas...apud Buteriam” to the bishop of Patti & Lipari, with the consent of “uxoris mee Beatricis...Odonis Archaio filio...Rogerio fratre meo...Girardus frater comitis Simonis”, by charter dated Dec 1158[107].

1. LUCA di Policastro (-before Dec 1252). m MARIA, daughter of --- (-after Dec 1252). "Maria uxor quondam Luce de Policastro et Henricus filius suus" granted dowry to "Bonaventuram filiam et sororem eorum" for her marriage to "Leoni de Paolo Amalfitano cive Messane", by charter dated Dec 1252[108]. Luca & his wife had two children:

a) ENRICO di Policastro (-after Dec 1252). "Maria uxor quondam Luce de Policastro et Henricus filius suus" granted dowry to "Bonaventuram filiam et sororem eorum" for her marriage to "Leoni de Paolo Amalfitano cive Messane", by charter dated Dec 1252[109].

b) BONAVENTURA di Policastro (-after Dec 1252). "Maria uxor quondam Luce de Policastro et Henricus filius suus" granted dowry to "Bonaventuram filiam et sororem eorum" for her marriage to "Leoni de Paolo Amalfitano cive Messane", by charter dated Dec 1252[110]. m ([Dec 1252]) LEONE di Paolo Amalfitano, son of [PAOLO & his wife ---].

1. JOSBERT de Lucy (-after 1110). m MURIELLA of Sicily, daughter of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his second wife Eremburge de Mortain (-after 1119). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Her origin is indicated by the May 1221 charter quoted below under which Emperor Friedrich II described her [supposed] grandson as “consanguinei...nostri”. Josbert & his wife had one child:

a) --- de Lucy . The chronology indicates a least one intervening generation between Josbert and Barthélemy de Lucy. m ---. One child:

i) BARTHELEMY de Lucy (-after Dec 1200). Conte di Paternò. “Bartholomaus de Lucis...comes Paternionis...Desiderata uxor comitis Bartholomai de Lucis” donated property to “ecclesiam...Tremesteri...in territorio civitatis Messina” by charter dated 9 Sep 1193, witnessed by “...Gerardus de Lucis miles...”[111]. “Bartholomaus de Lucis” donated property to “ecclesiam...Trimostere...in...civitatis Messana” by charter dated 4 Oct 1197[112]. “Bartholomeus de Lucy...comes Paternonis” donated property to S. Maria di Rocca by charter dated Dec 1200[113]. Emperor Friedrich II confirmed donations made by “Bartholomai de Lucis comitis quondam Paternionis...consanguinei...nostri” to “monast. S. Maria Roccamatoris de tenimento Messana” by charter dated May 1221[114]. m DESIDERATA, daughter of --- (-Jan 1201). “Bartholomaus de Lucis...comes Paternionis...Desiderata uxor comitis Bartholomai de Lucis” donated property to “ecclesiam...Tremesteri...in territorio civitatis Messina” by charter dated 9 Sep 1193, witnessed by “...Gerardus de Lucis miles...”[115]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Garufi says that she was “figliuola di Goffredo di Lecce conte di Montecaglioso”[116]. If Garufi is correct, she was Desiderata, daughter of Goffredo [III] di Lecce Conte di Montescaglioso & his wife ---. Pirro, on the other hand, records that “Bartholomæus de Lucy genere” married “Desideratam Gaufridi Conversani et Montis Caveosi comitis, Netique, Selasiani et Calatanixectæ domini, Sylvestri Marsicani tertiogeniti filiam”[117], which if correct means that she was Desiderata, daughter of Geoffroy di Marsico Conte di Conversano & his wife ---. Neither author cites the primary source which confirms their assertions. Barthelemy & his wife had one child:

(a) MARGUERITE de Lucy (-after Jan 1199). “Bartholomaus de Lucy...comes Paternionis et domini regis consanguineus” granted “terra...Minai feudum unius militis, quod fuit quondam Henrici de Mansillera” to “filia nostra Margarita” by charter dated Jan 1199[118]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified, although the wife of Pagano is named “Margarita” in the Mar 1195 charter quoted below. However, if that document refers to the same wife, it seems unusual for her father not to have named Marguerite’s husband in his Jan 1199 charter. Maybe Pagano married twice, both wives being named Margherita/Marguerite. m ([before Mar 1195?]) PAGANO di Parisio Conte di Avellino, son of BARTOLOMEO de Parisio & his wife Alexandra --- (-after Mar 1213). “Paganus de Parisio...comes Avellini” sold property to “domino Eugenio de Parisio et domino Iordano...consanguineis nostris”, with the consent of “comitissa Margarita, Gualterius de Parisio”, by charter dated Mar 1195, witnessed by “Isabella filia quondam Bartholomei de Parisio, Alexandra uxor quondam domini Bartholomei de Parisio...Agnes filiam quondam domini Bartholomei de Parisio, Machalda filia quondam Bartholomei de Parisio...”[119]. “Paganus de Parisio...comes Buthere et Avellini” donated property to the monastery of St John of Jerusalem in Paternò by charter dated Jan 1208[120].

D. CONTI di SANSEVERINO

The original base of the lords and counts of Sanseverino was what is today the town of San Severino Lucano, in the south of the present-day Italian region of Basilicata. However, the influence of the comital family spread far from its original stronghold. The evolution of the county of Sanseverino is complex. The castle of Sanseverino was presumably built in the mid-11th century: references have been found in primary sources to the Norman family which took its name from the castle from 1081. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Guillelmus filius Henrici de Sancto Severino" holding "demanium eius de Sancto Severino…de Principatu", with 28 knights´ fees[121]. The lordship was presumably elevated to the status of a county for the first time by Emperor Friedrich II (the first reference found to the county dates to 1218). Emperor Friedrich confiscated the castle of Sanseverino from Giacopo Conte di Sanseverino, who rebelled against him, but later restored it to Giacopo´s brother Tommaso who promptly exchanged Sanseverino and his other lands for the county of Marsico. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] records that Manfredo King of Sicily restored "castrum S. Severini" to Ruggiero, son of Conte Tommaso, but confiscated it from him after another rebellion[122]. The same source records that King Manfredo granted "comitatum…Apicii…cum castrum S. Severi" to his uncle Federigo Maletta[123]. After the accession of King Charles I, the county was restored to Ruggiero di Sanseverino, but he also exchanged it for the county of Marsico. No further references have yet been found in primary sources to Sanseverino as a county after that time.

1. TURGISE de Rota . A Norman. m ---. Turgise & his wife had four children:

a) ROBERT di Sanseverino . "Roger de San Severino" donated property to Cava abbey, for the souls of "son père Turgisius, de son frère Robert et de l´épouse de ce dernier Gaitelgrima", by charter dated Mar 1082[124]. m GAITELGRIMA, daughter of ---. "Roger de San Severino" donated property to Cava abbey, for the souls of "son père Turgisius, de son frère Robert et de l´épouse de ce dernier Gaitelgrima", by charter dated Mar 1082[125].

i) --- di Sanseverino . m as her first husband, ---, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriages has not been identified. She married secondly Robert Capumazza . One child:

(a) ROBERTO (-1183). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Caserta 1150. Hugo Falcandus states that Robert Count of Caserta was first cousin of Guillaume Count of Sanseverino[126]. m as her first husband, ---, sister of BERARDO, daughter of ---. The Annales Casenses record the marriage in 1193 of "Bertoldus" and "sororem comitis Berardi relictam comitis Roberti di Caserta"[127]. She married secondly (1193) as his second wife, Berthold [II] Markgraf von Vohburg. Roberto & his wife had one child:

(1) RUGGIERIO di Sanseverino (-after 1160). Conte di Tricarico. Hugo Falcandus records that "Count Robert of Caserta was at Messina with his son Roger Count of Tricarico"[128]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Jonathas comes Consiæ et Gilbertus comes Gravinæ et Boamundus comes Monopelli et Rogerus comes Acerræ et Philippus comes de Sangro et Rogerius Tricarici comes" rebelled against "Mayonem Ammiratum", dated to 1160 from the context[129].

- CONTI di TRICARICO.

b) ROGER di Sanseverino (-before Mar 1125). "Roger de San Severino fils de Turgisius de Rota" is named in a charter dated Nov 1081 which records a donation to Cava abbey[130]. Signore di Montoro near Avellino [1097].

- see below.

c) TURGISE di Sanseverino (-after Apr 1105). "Rucgerius filius quondam Trugisi de Castello Sancto Severino de locum Rota" donated property to the monastery of San Lorenzo d’Aversa by charter dated Apr 1105, witnessed by "Robbertus filius Rucgerius, Trugisi filius Rucgerii, Rucgerius filius Rucgterii, Turgisius frater Rogerii, Rogerius filius Turgisi"[131]. m ---. The name of Turgise´s wife is not known. Turgise & his wife had one child:

i) RUGGIERO di Sanseverino (-after Apr 1105). "Rucgerius filius quondam Trugisi de Castello Sancto Severino de locum Rota" donated property to the monastery of San Lorenzo d’Aversa by charter dated Apr 1105, witnessed by "Robbertus filius Rucgerius, Trugisi filius Rucgerii, Rucgerius filius Rucgterii, Turgisius frater Rogerii, Rogerius filius Turgisi"[132].

d) DELICTA . Stasser records that "Delicta fille de Turgisius de Rota" is named as wife of "Herbert Caput Asinus" in a spurious charter dated 1104[133]. m HERBERT Caput Asinus, son of --- (-after 1118). He is discussed by Ménager[134].

ROGER di Sanseverino, son of TURGISE de Rota & his wife --- (-before Mar 1125). "Roger de San Severino fils de Turgisius de Rota" is named in a charter dated Nov 1081 which records a donation to Cava abbey[135]. "Roger de San Severino" donated property to Cava abbey, for the souls of "son père Turgisius, de son frère Robert et de l´épouse de ce dernier Gaitelgrima", by charter dated Mar 1082[136]. Signore di Montoro near Avellino [1097]. "Rucgerius filius quondam Trugisi de Castello Sancto Severino de locum Rota" donated property to the monastery of San Lorenzo d’Aversa by charter dated Apr 1105, witnessed by "Robbertus filius Rucgerius, Trugisi filius Rucgerii, Rucgerius filius Rucgterii, Turgisius frater Rogerii, Rogerius filius Turgisi"[137]. "Rogerius de Sancto Severino filius quondam Turgisii normanni" donated property to Cava abbey, for the soul of "domine Sike quondam…conjugis nostre filiæ quondam domini Landolfi filii domini Guaymarii principis", by charter dated Jun 1121, subscribed by "Enricus filius et heres domini Roggerii"[138].

m SICA di Salerno, daughter of LANDOLF di Salerno & his wife Emilia di Gaeta (-before Jun 1121). "Rogerius de Sancto Severino filius quondam Turgisii normanni" donated property to Cava abbey, for the soul of "domine Sike quondam…conjugis nostre filiæ quondam domini Landolfi filii domini Guaymarii principis", by charter dated Jun 1121, subscribed by "Enricus filius et heres domini Roggerii"[139].

Roger/Ruggiero & his wife had four children:

1. ROBERTO di Sanseverino (-[Jan 1110/1117]). "Rucgerius filius quondam Trugisi de Castello Sancto Severino de locum Rota" donated property to the monastery of San Lorenzo d’Aversa by charter dated Apr 1105, witnessed by "Robbertus filius Rucgerius, Trugisi filius Rucgerii, Rucgerius filius Rucgterii, Turgisius frater Rogerii, Rogerius filius Turgisi"[140]. "Robberto…filio…domini…Rogerii de Sancto Severino" received the allegiance of "Guillaume Carbonus seigneur de Monteforte Irpino", in the presence of his father, by charter dated Jan 1110[141].

2. TURGISIO di Sanseverino (-after Apr 1105). "Rucgerius filius quondam Trugisi de Castello Sancto Severino de locum Rota" donated property to the monastery of San Lorenzo d’Aversa by charter dated Apr 1105, witnessed by "Robbertus filius Rucgerius, Trugisi filius Rucgerii, Rucgerius filius Rucgterii, Turgisius frater Rogerii, Rogerius filius Turgisi"[142].

3. RUGGIERO di Sanseverino (-after Apr 1105). "Rucgerius filius quondam Trugisi de Castello Sancto Severino de locum Rota" donated property to the monastery of San Lorenzo d’Aversa by charter dated Apr 1105, witnessed by "Robbertus filius Rucgerius, Trugisi filius Rucgerii, Rucgerius filius Rucgterii, Turgisius frater Rogerii, Rogerius filius Turgisi"[143].

4. ENRICO di Sanseverino (-31 Aug 1150). "Rogerius de Sancto Severino filius quondam Turgisii normanni" donated property to Cava abbey, for the soul of "domine Sike quondam…conjugis nostre filiæ quondam domini Landolfi filii domini Guaymarii principis", by charter dated Jun 1121, subscribed by "Enricus filius et heres domini Roggerii"[144]. Signore di Sanseverino and Montoro Mar 1125. "Henricus filius quondam Rogerii de S. Severino" donated property to Cava abbey by charter dated Mar 1125, subscribed by "Robertus de Medania uterinus frater"[145]. "Enrico signore del castello di Sanseverino, figlio del fu Ruggiero" donated land at Pretosa and Oscato to the monastery of Santa Maria di Montevergine by charter dated Aug 1135[146]. m FENICIA, daughter of --- (-after 1161). Enrico & his wife had two children:

a) GUGLIELMO di Sanseverino (-after [1168]). Minor on the death of his father. Hugo Falcandus names "her [Fenicia] son William" recording that he "avoided the king's ire [in 1161] by fleeing with the count [Count Roger of Avellino]"[147]. Hugo Falcandus records that "William of Sanseverino" returned from exile in [1168] and had his lands returned to him[148]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Guillelmus filius Henrici de Sancto Severino" holding "demanium eius de Sancto Severino…de Principatu", with "milites XIII et augmentum eius milites XIV…una…inter feudum et augmentum milites XXVIII", adding in a later passage that "comes Silvester tenet eium in servitio"[149]. m ISABELLE di Marsico, daughter of SILVESTRE Conti di Marsico & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Guglielmo & his wife had two children:

i) GIACOPO di Sanseverino (-after 1223). Conte di Sanseverino. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Dyopoldus" was captured by "comite Iacobo de Sancto Severino genero suo" on the orders of "regis Frederici in Romanum imperatorem electi" in 1218[150]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "comes Roggerius de Aquila, comes Iacobus di Sancto Severino, comes Riccardus de Celano" were present at the coronation of Friedrich II as Emperor in Rome in 1220[151]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Roggerium de Aquila, Thomam de Caserta, Iacobum de Sancto Severino, et filium comitis Tricaricensis, regni comites" rebelled against Emperor Friedrich II in Sicily in 1223[152]. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that Emperor Friedrich II granted "[castrum] Siani" to "comitem Jacobum de S. Severino…frater carnalis comitis Thomasii", but confiscated it when he exiled Giacopo, who with "comitem Thomasium Casertanum senem et comitem Rogerium Aquila et comitem Tricarici" were captured in Sicily[153]. m --- von Vohburg, daughter of DIEPOLD Markgraf von Vohburg & [his first wife ---]. Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica which records that "Dyopoldus" was captured by "comite Iacobo de Sancto Severino genero suo" on the orders of "regis Frederici in Romanum imperatorem electi" in 1218[154].

ii) TOMMASO di Sanseverino (-after 1223). Conte di Sanseverino. Conte di Marsico. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that Emperor Friedrich II restored "castrum Siani", confiscated from his brother, to "comes Thomasius frater ipsius comitis Jacobi" who held Sanseverino for one year but then exchanged "terram S. Severini et Roccam Cilenti" for "comitatu Marsici"[155].

- see below.

b) MAROCTA di Sanseverino . Hugo Falcandus records that "Count Roger of Avellino" was among those who fled into the Abruzzi after the general conspiracy in 1161, thinking it "wiser to avoid the king's anger for having recently - without the court's permission - married the daughter of Fenicia of Sanseverino", but that the countess "was captured and taken to Palermo together with her mother Fenicia"[156]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified. m RUGGIERO di Aquila Conte di Avellino, son of RICCARDO di Aquila Conte di Avellino & his wife Adelisia di Adernò.

TOMMASO di Sanseverino, son of GUGLIELMO di Sanseverino & his wife Isabella di Marsico (-after 1223). Conte di Sanseverino. Conte di Marsico. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that Emperor Friedrich II restored "castrum Siani", confiscated from his brother, to "comes Thomasius frater ipsius comitis Jacobi" who held Sanseverino for one year but then exchanged "terram S. Severini et Roccam Cilenti" for "comitatu Marsici"[157]. The same source records that Emperor Friedrich II confiscated "castrum S. Severini" from "comitem Thomasium patri…comitis Rogerii, et d. Guilielmum filium eius" at the time of "rebellionis Caputacii" when "ipsi…cum aliis baronibus" plotted to assassinate the emperor and fled the country[158].

m PERNA, daughter of ---. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily names "comitissa Perna" as wife of "comes Thomasius frater ipsius comitis Jacobi"[159].

Tommaso & his wife had two children:

1. GUGLIELMO di Sanseverino . The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that Emperor Friedrich II confiscated "castrum S. Severini" from "comitem Thomasium patri…comitis Rogerii, et d. Guilielmum filium eius" at the time of "rebellionis Caputacii" when "ipsi…cum aliis baronibus" plotted to assassinate the emperor and fled the country[160].

2. RUGGIERO di Sanseverino (-[1281/86]). His parentage is confirmed by the Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily which records that "castrum Atani, Sala et Dianum" were restored to "comiti Rogerio de S. Severino", adding that "castrum Sale" had been granted to "comiti Thomasio patri dicti comitis Rogerii" by Emperor Friedrich II[161]. Conte di Sanseverino. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that Manfredo King of Sicily had restored "castrum S. Severini" (confiscated by Manfredo´s father from Ruggiero´s father) to "comiti Rogerio" but confiscated it again after Ruggiero fled the country[162]. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina records that "Manfredus" invested "Jordanum de Anglano consanguineum suum" with "comitatum Sancti Severini", after expelling "Rogerio comite", and sent him "in Thusciam"[163]. The Diurnali of Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo records that "Messer Rugiero de Sanseverino" was expelled in 1253 and that "Aimario de Sanseverino" fled to "Bisaglia" to sail from the kingdom[164]. The Diurnali of Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo names "Mess. Rugiero di Sanseverino Capitanio de li forasciti del Regno" in Apr 1261[165]. Conte di Marsico. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "Rocca Cilenti…castrum Atani, Sala et Dianum…castrum S. Severini" were restored to "comiti Rogerio de Sancto Severino" who exchanged it and "S. Severinum" for "comitatum Marsici"[166]. The Chronicle of Amadi records that "el conte Rugier de San Severin, el conte de Mersiche" landed at Acre 7 Jun, in 1277 from the context, leading troops sent by Charles I King of Naples [Anjou-Capet][167]. "Rogerius de San Severino comes de Marsica, bajulus Caroli I regis Siciliæ et Hierosolymitani" settled a dispute between the Knights Hospitallers and the Pisans by charter dated 31 Oct 1281[168]. m firstly --- di Fieschi, daughter of OPIZZONE di Fieschi di Lavagna & his wife Simona ---. The Diurnali of Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo records that "Messer Rugiero de Sanseverino" married "la sorore del conte di Fiesco"[169]. m secondly ([1246/56]) TEODORA d’Aquino, daughter of LANDOLFO d’Aquino & his wife --- (-after 1294). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Ruggiero & his second wife had children:

a) TOMMASO di Sanseverino (-after 1317). The Istoria of Saba Malaspina names "dominus Thomas comes S. Severini et Marsici" among those who triumphed in the tournament held by Charles I King of Sicily, dated to [1270/71] from the context[170]. The dating of this event suggests that he must have been born from his father´s second marriage, as he was presumably an adolescent or young adult at the time. Conte di Marsico. Betrothed ([1269/70], contract terminated) to ISOARDE d’Agoult, daughter of AMIEL d’Agoult Seigneur de Curban & his wife --- (-before 1281). Pollastri records that Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] arranged this first proposed marriage[171]. The bride’s subsequent marriage with Bertrand de Baux confirms that this earlier marriage did not proceed. m firstly MARGUERITE de Vaudémont, daughter of HENRI [I] Comte de Vaudémont, Conte d’Ariano & his wife Marguerite de la Roche. Pollastri records a document which confirms this proposed marriage and another which records its celebration and the birth of her son Enrico[172]. Michel François also refers to the document which records the marriage[173]. m secondly ---. The primary source which names Tommaso’s second wife has not been identified. The “marenostrum” website names her “ca. 1285/90 Sveva d’Avezzano Contessa di Tricarico, figlia ed erede di Grimaldo (Grimaud de Bethzan) Conte di Tricarico e di Elvira della Marra (†post 1308), vedova di Filppino Polliceno” [no source cited][174]. The “Bethsan” family is shown in the document JERUSALEM NOBILITY, where “Gremont de Bethsan (-after 1280) is named as “Signor di Tricario” ("Agrimont de Besan dominus Tricariæ" donated property, held by "Aimerico de Besan patri dicti Agrimont", to the Knights Hospitallers by charter dated 1280[175]) who could have been the right age to have been Sveva’s father (although “Tricario” appears to have been different from “Tricarico”). Tommaso & his first wife had two children:

i) ENRICO di Sanseverino . He is named in the document cited above under his mother. A document dated 1309 records a division of the family properties, the “anciens fiefs” [=Marsico] going to Enrico and the “fiefs nouveaux” to their father’s sons by his second marriage Giacomo and Guglielmo and “ceux qui viendraient à naître”[176].

ii) RUGGIERO di Sanseverino (-[1300/09]). [Conte di Marsico:] Zurita names “Roger de San Severino Conde de Marsico, hijo del Conde Thomas de San Severino” as leader of part of the army of Philippe Principe de Tarento [Anjou-Capet] against Federigo I King of Sicily [Aragon] in Calabria in 1300[177]. It seems unlikely that he was “Conte di Marsico” as the 1300 campaign predated the 1309 agreement, cited under his brothers, which regulated their father’s succession. Ruggiero’s absence from that 1309 document indicates that he had died before that date.

Tommaso & his second wife had two children:

iii) GIACOMO di Sanseverino . A document dated 1309 records a division of the family properties, the “anciens fiefs” going to Enrico and the “fiefs nouveaux” to their father’s sons by his second marriage Giacomo and Guglielmo and “ceux qui viendraient à naître”[178].

iv) GUGLIELMO di Sanseverino . A document dated 1309 records a division of the family properties, the “anciens fiefs” going to Enrico and the “fiefs nouveaux” to their father’s sons by his second marriage Giacomo and Guglielmo and “ceux qui viendraient à naître”[179].

Brother and sister:

1. AIMARIO di Sanseverino . The Diurnali of Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo records that "Messer Rugiero de Sanseverino" was expelled in 1253 and that "Aimario de Sanseverino" fled to "Bisaglia" to sail from the kingdom[180].

2. MARIA POLISENA di Sanseverino . The Diurnali of Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo names "la contessa Maria Polisena sorore del…Mess. Aimario di Sanseverino", in 1253[181].

1. --- di Sanseverino . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. m --- di Lauria, daughter of ROGER de Lauria & his first wife Margherita Lancia. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records the marriage of the third daughter of "Roger de Luria" and his wife "la sœur de Corral Llança" and "le comte de Santo Sobrino"[182].

2. ROBERTO di Sanseverino (-1361). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Corigliano e Terlizzi. m GIACOMA del Bosco, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Roberto & his wife had one child:

a) MARGHERITA di Sanseverino . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m (1343) LOUIS di Durazzo Conte di Gravina, son of JEAN of Sicily Duke of Durazzo & his second wife Agnès de Périgord (1324-poisoned Naples 22 Jul 1362, bur Naples, Convent of Santa Chiara).

3. ANTONIO di Sanseverino (-1384). Conte di Marsico. m (1359) ISABELLA del Balzo, daughter of BERTRAND de Baux Conte di Andria e Montescaglioso & his second wife Marguerite d'Aulnay (-1379). Pithon-Curt records her parentage, marriage, and marriage date (no sources cited)[183]. The sources which confirm this information, as well as her date of death, have not been identified.

4. GIOVANNA di Sanseverino (-after 1393). Her family origin and marriage are indicated by an epitaph at Enghien which records [her daughter] “Dame Helene dEghie fille de feu Monsr Louys dEnghien comte de Conversat et de Brienne et seigneur dudit Enghien et de feue madame Jeanne de Sainct Seuerin fille du comte de Sainct Seuerin icelle Dame Helene vefue de feu messire Pierre dAcigne seneschal de Provence” who died at Valenciennes 16 Apr [no year specified][184]. Goffin, citing Goethals, records says that she was the daughter of “Antonio comte de Marsico, grand-connétable de Naples, et d’Isabeau des Beaux, dite del Balzo”[185]. Given the unreliability of Goethals, it is suggested that this parentage should be treated with caution until confirmed by a more reliable source. m LOUIS d’Enghien Comte de Brienne, son of GAUTHIER [III] Seigneur d'Enghien & his wife Isabelle de Brienne (-Conversano 17 Mar 1394).

1. GIORDANO di Anglono, son of --- . Conte di Sanseverino. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina records that "Manfredus" invested "Jordanum de Anglano consanguineum suum" with "comitatum Sancti Severini", after expelling "Rogerio comite", and sent him "in Thusciam"[186]. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "comes Jordanus" deprived "episcopum Capaducii de castro Agropoli", which was restored to the bishop[187].

1. GIACOPO di Sanseverino (-before 1380). m ([1380]) as her second husband, MARGUERITE d’Enghien, Contessa di Conversano, Ctss de Brienne, Dame d'Enghien, widow of PIERRE de Baux, daughter of LOUIS d'Enghien Comte de Brienne Conte di Conversano & his wife Giovanna di Sanseverino (-after 19 Sep 1393). She married thirdly ([1380]) Jean de Luxembourg Seigneur de Beaurevoir et de Richebourg.

E. CONTI di TRICARICO

Tricarico is a town in the north-eastern part of the present-day Italian region of Basilicata and lies on the banks of the river Bilioso. The earliest mention of the county so far found dates to 1143, but no information other has been found relating to Conte Goffredo who is named at that time or about his ancestry. The county of Tricarico passed to the Sanseverino family during the early part of the reign of Guillaume I King of Sicily. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comestabularia comitatus Tricarici… Tricarico…Albano…Petragalli…Culba…Sancto Juliano" and "Abriola…Montis Morconis…Spinosa…Armento…Monte Murro…Burganum…Riviscum…Picerno…Gloriosa…Castello Menzano… Galiiipolum de Montana…Trivinea…Ancia" as the fiefs held in the principality of Taranto, together with the names of the corresponding feeholders, but does not name the count[188]. No information has yet been found in primary sources concerning the history of the county of Tricarico after the early 13th century, although secondary sources indicate that it continued to be held by the Sanseverino family until 1606.

1. GOFFREDO (-after Nov 1143). Conte di Tricarico. "…Goffridus comes Tricarici" was among the subscribers of a charter dated Nov 1143 under which "Rogerus…rex Sicilie, ducatus Apulie et principatus Capue" assured Santa Maria a Capella, Naples of his protection[189].

1. RUGGIERO di Sanseverino, son of ROBERTO di Sanseverino Conte di Caserta & his wife --- di Caserta (-after 1166). Conte di Tricarico. Hugo Falcandus records that "Count Robert of Caserta was at Messina with his son Roger Count of Tricarico"[190]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Jonathas comes Consiæ et Gilbertus comes Gravinæ et Boamundus comes Monopelli et Rogerus comes Acerræ et Philippus comes de Sangro et Rogerius Tricarici comes" rebelled against "Mayonem Ammiratum", dated to 1160 from the context[191]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Rogerius comes Tricarici" holding "Tricarico…Albano…Petragalli…Culba…Sancto Juliano" as fiefs in the constabulary of the county of Tricarico, in the principality of Taranto, with a total of "militum XX"[192].

2. GIACOPO di Tricarico . The chronology suggests that Giacopo di Tricarico was the son of Ruggiero di Sanseverino Conte di Tricarico, but the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not been identified. m (6 Nov 1188) MABILIA di Ceccano, daughter of LANDULFO Conte di Ceccano & his wife ---. The Annales Ceccanenses record the marriage "1188 8 Id Nov" of "Mobilia filia Landulfi de Ceccano" and "comiti Iacobo de Tricarico"[193].

3. GIACOMO di Sanseverino . It is possible that this was the same person as Giacopo di Tricarico who is named above, but the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not been identified. Conte di Tricarico. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "comes Gualterius" [Gauthier [III] de Brienne] allied himself with "Iacobo Tricaricensi et comite Roggerio de Theate" in 1204[194]. m (after Jun 1205) as her second husband, ELVIRA [Albinia] of Sicily, widow of GAUTHIER [III] Comte de Brienne, daughter of TANCRED King of Sicily & his wife Sibilla --- (-after 1216). The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum names (in order) "Alberia, Constantia et Madania" as the three daughters of "Tancredus [rex Siciliæ]" & his wife, naming the first husband of "Alberia vel Alceria" as "comes Gualterius de Brenna, frater regis", her second husband as "Iacobo comiti de Tricario", and her third husband "comiti Tigrino palatino comiti in Tuscia", specifying that her third marriage was arranged by "papa Honorius" and that her dowry was "comitatum Licie et Montis Iscaliosi in regno Apulie"[195]. Giacomo & his wife had two children:

a) SIMON di Sanseverino . The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum names "comytem Symonem et dominam Adalitam" as the children of "Iacobo comiti de Tricario" & his wife[196]. [The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Roggerium de Aquila, Thomam de Caserta, Iacobum de Sancto Severino, et filium comitis Tricaricensis, regni comites" rebelled against Emperor Friedrich II in Sicily in 1223[197]. It is not known whether "filium comitis Tricaricensis" refers to Simon or to another unidentified son of the conte di Tricarico.]

b) ADALITA di Sanseverino . The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum names "comytem Symonem et dominam Adalitam" as the children of "Iacobo comiti de Tricario" & his wife[198].

1. RUGGIERO di Sanseverino . Conte di Tricarico. Conte di Chiaramonte. m ---. The primary source which confirms the identity of Ruggiero’s wife has not been identified. Ruggiero & his wife had one child:

a) MARGHERITA di Sanseverino . m ([1378]) ROBERTO Orsini Conte di Nola, son of NICCOLÒ Orsini Conte di Nola & his wife Giovanna de Sabran ([1360]-[1400]).

Chapter 2. COUNTIES in CALABRIA

The present-day Italian region of Calabria covers the whole of the southern-most part of the peninsula, adjacent to the island of Sicily. The Norman counties identified with this area are Catanzaro, Squillace, and Tarsia.

A. CONTI di CATANZARO

The town of Catanzaro is now the capital of the present-day Italian region of Calabria, located near the eastern coast overlooking the Gulf of Squillace. The earliest reference to the lordship of Catanzaro dates to the mid-11th century. It was awarded as a county to Raoul di Loritello in 1088 and remained in his family until the mid-12th century. In the mid-13th century, the county of Catanzaro was held briefly by Otto Markgraf von Hohenburg. Manfredo King of Sicily awarded it to Pietro Ruffo, an early member of the family which later became known as Ruffo di Calabria.

1. HUGUES Falluca (-after 1045). The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Stephano autem, Melo et Petro nepotibus præfati Melo" were granted "comitatum Cominensis" (by Emperor Heinrich II) together with "in auxilium Normannos, Giselbertum, Gosmannum, Stigandum, Torstainum balbum, Gualterium de Canosa et Ugonem Falluccam, cum aliis decem et octo", dated to [1022] from the context[199]. Chalandon identifies these Normans as "Gilbert, Osmond, Asclettin, Toustain le Bègue, Gautier de Canisy et Hugues Falluca"[200]. Amatus records that, after the death of his first cousin Asclettin Count of Aversa in 1045, Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno imprisoned "the nephew of the elder Count Rainulf, who was called Trincanocte and Hugh, who was surnamed Fallacia" in the "Torre Maggiore"[201], presumably because of their opposition to the appointed by Prince Guaimar of Rodolphe, son of Eudes capellus, as Conte di Aversa. m ---. The name of Hugues´s wife is not known. Hugues & his wife had one child:

a) MIHERA . Lord of Catanzaro. Chalandon records that "Mihera, fils d’Hugues Falluca et seigneur de Catanzaro" supported Robert "Guiscard"´s son Bohémond after the death of Duke Robert[202].

RAOUL di Loritello, son of GODEFROI de Hauteville Conte di Loritello & his wife --- (-[1096/1111]). Amatus names "Raul brother of Robert of Loritello" among those sent by Robert "Guiscard" to quell the rebellion in Trani[203]. "…Radulfi di Lauritello" was among the subscribers of the charter dated May 1086 under which "Roggerius dux, ducis Robberti filius" granted property to the monastery at Vietri[204]. Count of Catanzaro 1088. The Cronica Trium Tabernarum et de civitate Catanzarii records that "Rogerius comes" [Roger Count of Sicily] granted Taberna to "Radulfo comiti Loritelli"[205].

m BERTA, daughter of --- (-after 1131). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified. The Cronica Trium Tabernarum et de civitate Catanzarii records that "comitissa Loritelli…vidua" governed "terram [Tabernæ] et suos parvulos filios" after the death of "Radulfus comes", adding a dispute arose between "Iordanum Capriolum et Guillelmum Carbonendum et comitissam Loritelli"[206]. “Bertam comitissam Loritelli et...filios meos Giosphre comitem et Raimundum” donated property by charter dated Nov 1112[207].

Raoul & his wife had two children:

1. GOFFREDO (-[1131/45]). The Cronica Trium Tabernarum et de civitate Catanzarii names "Gaufridi…Catacensis comitis" as successor after the death of "Radulfus comes", but does not specify the relationship between the two[208]. A later passage in the same source records that "Gaufridus, Radulfi comitis Loretelli filius" attained "iuventute primæus militiam…et comitatum patris sui"[209]. Conti di Catanzaro. “Bertam comitissam Loritelli et...filios meos Giosphre comitem et Raimundum” donated property by charter dated Nov 1112[210]. "Alexander Cupersanensis comes et Tanc Cupersani et Gauf Catenzarii comes et Robertus Gravini" signed a charter dated 22 Jun 1132 relating to the city of Bari[211]. Gofredo had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

a) GUGLIELMO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. 1170.

2. RAIMONDO (-before 1158). “Bertam comitissam Loritelli et...filios meos Giosphre comitem et Raimundum” donated property by charter dated Nov 1112[212]. Conti di Catanzaro. m SICHELGARDA, sister of Alferius and Tomaso, daughter of --- (-after 28 Jul 1167). Hugo Falcandus records that "the countess of Catanzaro" defected to Robert Conte di Loritello in 1161, and that she "her mother and Alferius and Thomas…maternal uncles of the younger countess" were brought to the king for punishment, Tomaso being hanged at Messina and she and her mother being imprisoned in Palermo[213]. "Segelguarda…quondam uxor R. comitis" donated property to the church of San Cristoforo, with the consent of "comitissa Clemencia…filie eius", by charter dated 28 Jul 1167, which names "domini Riccardi comitis…Calinuli…Riccardus…Cosentie comes", signed by "Segelgarda comitissa uxor comitis Raymundi"[214]. Raimondo & his wife had one child:

a) CLEMENTIA (-after 28 Jul 1167). Ctss di Catanzaro. Hugo Falcandus records that Matthew [Bonellus] was promised marriage with "the countess of Catanzaro" if he killed chancellor Maio[215]. The Annals of Romoald record that "Matheus autem Bonella" was promised marriage with "Clemenciam comitissam Catanzarii" if he killed "ammiratum"[216]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Matthæus autem Bonella", who was betrothed to "filiam Ammirati", was promised marriage with "Clementiam comitissam Catanzarii" if he killed "Ammiratum"[217]. Hugo Falcandus records that "the countess of Catanzaro" defected to Robert Conte di Loritello in 1161, and that she "her mother and Alferius and Thomas…maternal uncles of the younger countess" were brought to the king for punishment, Thomas being hanged at Messina and she and her mother being imprisoned in Palermo[218]. "Segelguarda…quondam uxor R. comitis" donated property to the church of San Cristoforo, with the consent of "comitissa Clemencia…filie eius", by charter dated 28 Jul 1167, which names "domini Riccardi comitis…Calinuli…Riccardus…Cosentie comes", signed by "Segelgarda comitissa uxor comitis Raymundi"[219]. m UGO Lupino, son of ---. Hugo Falcandus names "Count Hugh of Catanzaro…a relative of the chancellor" in [1168][220]. Ugo & his wife had two children:

i) UGO (-after 1191). Conte di Catanzaro e Conversano. “...Hugo comes Catazarii...” subscribed the charter dated Feb 1177 which records the marriage contract between “Willielmus...Rex Siciliæ...” and “Johannam puellam regii...filiam Henrici...Regis Anglorum”[221].

ii) GIORDANO (-executed 1197). Conte di Bovino 1191. He was executed by Emperor Heinrich VI[222].

3. TOMASO . The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Thomasius filius Comitis Catacensis" as holding "Mortaclium…et Carbonariam" from "comes Jonathas…Consia", with "feudum III militum et cum augmento…mil. XII"[223].

1. GERHARD von Salm, son of --- (-[16 Jan 1234/15 May 1240]). Graf von Salm: "…Landgravius de Luckimberg, comes Gerardus de Saumes…" witnessed the charter dated Jul 1231 at Melfi under which Emperor Friedrich II King of Germany confirmed the kingdom of Bohemia to Wenzel I King of Bohemia[224]. Conte di Catanzaro: “Girardus de Salmis...comes Catanzarii, sacri Romani imperii Lombardie et marchie Trevisane legatus...” promised to hold Verona on behalf of Emperor Friedrich II by charter dated 16 Jan 1234[225].

1. OTTO von Vohburg Markgraf von Hohenburg, son of DIEPOLD [VII] Markgraf von Vohburg & his second wife Mechtild von Wasserburg (-in prison [2 Feb 1256/21 Mar 1258]). Markgraf von Hohenburg 1249. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia names "Marchionis Oddonis fratres sui", referring to "Bertholdus Marchio de Honebruch"[226]. Conte di Catanzaro. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that the Pope had installed "Oddo Marchio de Honebruch" with "comitatus Catanzarii"[227]. Conte di Chieti 1254. The castle of Hohenburg was transferred to the Bishop of Regensburg.

1. PIETRO Ruffo di Calabria . "Manfredus…imp. Frid. filius" accepted the allegiance of "Henricum…fratrem nostrum et Petrum Ruffum de Calabria regni Siciliæ marescalcum", on behalf of "regis…Conradi", by charter dated 15 Dec 1250[228]. Conte di Catanzaro. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Petro de Calabria" was granted "comitatus Catanzarii" and appointed to the office of "Marescalliæ Regiæ Regni Siciliæ" in Feb 1256 by the future Manfredo King of Sicily[229].

B. CONTI di SQUILLACE

The town of Squillace lies on the eastern coast of the present-day Italian region of Calabria, on the Gulf of Squillace. It is recorded as a county in the second half of the 12th century, but few references to it have been found in primary sources. The county was briefly held by the Lancia family during the reign of Manfredo King of Sicily. In the early 14th century, it was awarded to the Marzano family, who bore the title Duca di Squillace from the end-15th century.

1. EVERARDO . Conte di Squillace. Hugo Falcandus names "Count Everard of Squillace" and records that he opposed chancellor Maio of Bari who plotted against him in [1154/55][230].

2. ALFONSO (-[1188]). Conte di Squillace. "Tancredus…rex Sicilie, ducatus Apulie, principatus Capue" transferred property to the monastery of San Stefano del Bosco which had taken it from "filiis Anfusi quondam comitis Squillacini consanguinei nostri", by charter dated May 1191[231]. The precise relationship between King Tancred and Count Alfonso has not been found. m ---. The name of Alfonso's wife is not known. Alfonso & his wife had --- children:

a) sons. "Tancredus…rex Sicilie, ducatus Apulie, principatus Capue" transferred property to the monastery of San Stefano del Bosco which had taken it from "filiis Anfusi quondam comitis Squillacini consanguinei nostri", by charter dated May 1191[232].

1. FEDERIGO Lancia, son of MANFREDO [II] Lancia Marchese di Busca & his wife Bianca Maletta (-[1298/99]). The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that Konrad IV King of Germany and Sicily expelled "Gualvanum Lanceam", who had been appointed "vicarium suum in Tuscia" by Emperor Friedrich II, "Fredericum…Lanceam fratrem eius et Bonifacium de Anglone ipsius principis [referring to the future Manfredo King of Sicily] avunculum…omnesque ipsius consanguineus, et affines ex parte materna" from his kingdom, dated to [1253] from the context[233]. Conte di Squillace. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that the future Manfredo King of Sicily invested "Fredericum Lanceam fratrem…Gualvani avunculi sui" with "comitatu Squillacii", dated to [1254/55] from the context, and recording his installation as such in Feb 1256 in a later passage[234]. Viceroy of Apulia. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Princeps Manfredus" installed "Fredericum Lanceam avunculum suum" as "Vicarium generalum in Calabria et Sicilia" and sent him "in Calabriam" in Feb 1256[235]. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina records that "comes Federicus Lancea germanus quondam Galvani" opposed Charles I King of Sicily at "castrum Sali…in Calabria", in 1268 from the context[236].

C. CONTI di TARSIA

The town of Tarsia is located in the centre of the northern part of the present-day Italian region of Calabria. It was briefly recorded as a county of the Norman kingdom of Sicily in the mid-12th century. No later references to this county have yet been found.

1. BOHEMOND (-[1156/57]). Conte di Tarsia. Conte di Manopello. Hugo Falcandus records that "Count William of Lesina, Bohemond of Tarsia" were already being held in chains in Palermo after the rebellion against Guillaume I King of Sicily in [1156][237]. m ---. The name of Bohemond's wife is not known. Bohemond & his wife had two children:

a) BOHEMOND di Tarsia . Hugo Falcandus names "Bohemond of Tarsia the brother of Carbonellus"[238].

b) CARBONELLO . Hugo Falcandus names "Bohemond of Tarsia the brother of Carbonellus"[239].

Chapter 3. COUNTIES in CAMPANIA

The present-day Italian region of Campania covers the territory on the west coast of the Italian peninsula, northwards and southwards from the city of Naples. Numerous Norman counties have been identified with this area: Acerra, Airola, Alife, Avellino, Aversa, Buonalbergo, Fondi, Gesualdo, Policastro, and Sorrento. In addition, the towns of Amalfi, Benevento, Capua, Gaeta, Napoli, and Salerno were the bases of Lombard principalities before the arrival of the Normans in southern Italy, the rulers of which are shown in the document SOUTHERN ITALY (1). The county of Aquino was mainly associated with the Lombards, as can be seen from the typically Lombard names of their family. Other medieval counties identified in the area were Ariano, Atella, Cajazzo, Calvi, Capri, Carinola, Caserta, Castel Laurino, Castro Argento, Conza, Cuma, Greci, Ischia, Maranola, Massa Lubrense, Nocera, Nola, Pozzuoli, Rota, Sant'Agata, Sarno, Sessa, Somma Vesuviana, Suessola, Sujo, Telese, and Volturara, but little information has so far emerged from the primary sources which have been consulted concerning these counties and their counts.

A. CONTI di ACERRA

The town of Acerra is located in the northern part of the present-day Italian region of Campania, south of Caserta and north-east of Naples. The primary sources show that, as late as the early 12th century, the count was the vassal of the duchy of Gaeta. The county of Acerra was held by Roger de Medania, of the family of the conti di Buonalbergo, during the early years of the reign of Guillaume I King of Sicily. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Rogerius Boni Albergi" holding fiefs "[in] demanium suum Terræ Beneventanæ, de Apice…de Bono Albergo…de Sancto Severo"[240]. After the death in 1196 of Roger´s son, Riccardo, the county of Acerra was awarded to the Bavarian immigrant Diepold Markgraf von Vohburg. It is recorded in the Aquino family from 1220 until the end of the 13th century.

1. BERNARDO (-before 8 May 1113). Conte di Sessula e di Acerra. m ---. The name of Bernardo´s wife is not known. Bernardo & his wife had one child:

a) GIOVANNI di Acerra (-after 8 May 1113). "Marino filio q--- et dux civitatis Caiete" donated property "per absolutionem…d. Iohannis…consul et dux atque…magister militum et imperiali Protosebasto exadelfo germano suo" by charter dated 8 May [1113], which names his "abbocatore d. Iohanne qui nominator de Acerre filio q. d. Bernardi qui fuit comite de Sessula et de Acerre"[241].

1. RUGGIERO di Medania, son of ROBERTO di Medania Conte di Buonalbergo & his wife --- (-after [1168]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Buonalbergo. Conte di Acerra. Hugo Falcandus names "Count Roger of Acerra" among the conspirators against chancellor Maio in [1156][242]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Jonathas comes Consiæ et Gilbertus comes Gravinæ et Boamundus comes Monopelli et Rogerus comes Acerræ et Philippus comes de Sangro et Rogerius Tricarici comes" rebelled against "Mayonem Ammiratum", dated to 1160 from the context[243]. Hugo Falcandus records that "Count Roger of Acerra" fled into the Abruzzi after the general conspiracy in 1161[244]. Hugo Falcandus records that the queen restored "Count Roger of Acerra" to his previous rank in [1166][245]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Rogerius Boni Albergi" holding fiefs "[in] demanium suum Terræ Beneventanæ, de Apice…de Bono Albergo…de Sancto Severo", with "milites XIII et cum augmento…milites XXXI"[246].

1. RICCARDO d’Aquino, son of [RINALDO [I] d’Aquino & his first wife ---] ([1130/40]-Capua 5 Dec 1196). Scandone states that “A Rinaldo I dovè succedere, nella signoria di Roccasecca, il figliuolo di Lui Riccardo” without citing the primary source on which he bases this information[247]. The primary source which confirms Riccardo´s parentage has not been identified. His birth date is estimated from his already having one grandchild when he died. Conte di Acerra. "Riccardo d’Aquino conte d’Acerra" donated "il casale di San Lorenzo" to the monastery of Montevergine by charter dated Sep 1171[248]. The Annales Ceccanenses record that in 1185 Guillaume King of Sicily appointed "Alduinem et comitem Riccardo de Cerra" as captains over his land army[249]. "Il conte Guglielmo di Caserta ed il conte Riccardo di Acerra, capitani e maestri giustizieri de Puglia e Terra di Lavoro" wrote relating to a claim, by charter dated Aug 1190[250]. Benedict of Peterborough records that "Ricardus comes de Cerne, frater uxoris regis Tancredi" made war with "comite Rogero de Andria" but was captured by King Tancred[251]. The Annales Casenses name "Riccardi Acerrarum comitis cognati sue [=Tancredi?]" in 1190, and in 1191 record that he besieged "ecclesiam Casinensem" after leaving Naples[252]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that "Acerrarum comes" came from Naples with Neapolitan soldiers and besieged Capua[253]. The Ignoti Monachi Chronica records that "comitem Riccardum Acerrarum" was hanged 5 Dec 1196 "apud Capuam"[254]. The Annales Ceccanenses record the execution "pridie Kal Dec [1196]" of "comite Riccardo de Cerra"[255].

1. DIEPOLD [VII] von Vohburg, son of BERTHOLD [I] Markgraf von Vohburg & his wife --- (-26 Dec 1225, bur Kastl). The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that Emperor Heinrich VI left "Dyopuldo cuidam Teutonico in rocca Arcis" in 1191[256]. The Annales Casenses record that Berthold left "in comitatu Molisii Conrado Muscaincervello et Diopuldo" but do not specify that Diepold was Berthold's brother[257]. Conte di Acerra. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that "Dyopoldus per imperatorum comes factus est Acerrarum" in 1197 but do not specify his origin or ancestry[258]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that in 1199 "Dyopoldus a Guilielmo comite captus est" and held for a long time in chains[259]. In a later passage, the same source records the atrocities commited by Diepold the following year[260]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that in 1201 Gauthier de Brienne captured Diepold at Aquino[261]. Markgraf von Vohburg 1205. "Il conte di Acerra Diopoldo di Schweinspeunt, maestro giustiziere di Puglia e di Terra di Lavoro ed il fratello Siffrido conte di Alife" granted concessions to the abbot of Montevergine by charter dated 28 Jan 1209[262]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Dyopoldus" was captured by "comite Iacobo de Sancto Severino genero suo" on the orders of "regis Frederici in Romanum imperatorem electi" in 1218[263].

- MARKGRAFEN von VOHBURG.

TOMMASO [I] d'Aquino, son of ADENOLFO d’Aquino di Alvito & his wife --- (-27 Feb 1251). Conte di Acerra 1220. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Thomas de Aquino factus Acerrarum comes" was made "magister iustitiarius" of "Apuliæ et terre laboris" in 1221[264]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Thomas de Aquino Acerrarum comes" left for Syria in Jul 1227[265]. The Ignoti Monachi Chronica records that in 1227 Emperor Friedrich II sent "domino Thomasio Acerrarum comite" as emissary to Jerusalem[266]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Thomas de Aquino" was made "regni capitaneus" in Jan 1232[267]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Thomas Acerrarum comes" was appointed "capitaneus in Syriam" in Jul 1242[268]. The necrology of Capua records the death "III Kal Mar" of "domnus Thomasius comes de la Cherra"[269].

m ---. The name of Tommaso´s wife is not known.

Tommaso [I] & his wife had one child:

1. ADENOLFO d’Aquino (-1242). The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Landulfo de Aquino…Adenulfo de Aquino filio Thome de Aquino Acerrarum comitis…domino etiam de Aquino Pandulfus et Robbertus Aquinum" supported imperial forces in 1229, adding that "Adenulfus filius Acerrarum comitis" was wounded in the arm after the battle "ad Sanctum Germanum" and recuperated at Montecassino[270]. Emperor Friedrich II sent a letter to "Tommaso I di Acerra" sending condolences "ad patrem…ad nepotes" dated 31 Aug 1243[271]. He is named in a bull of Pope Innocent IV dated 21 Jun 1251[272]. m CUBITOSA di Laurito, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Adenolfo & his wife had two children:

a) TOMMASO d'Aquino (-15 Mar 1273, bur Capua, Santa Maria della Monache). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 6 Jun 1270 which records that "il conte Tommaso" to "Spedalieri" because the order had assisted "patri suo in Ungaria" where Emperor Friedrich II had sent him as part of a legation[273]. Conte di Acerra. Pope Innocent IV confirmed to “Thome de Aquino comiti Loriti et Acerrarum” his properties as held by “primogenitum quondam Adinulfi primogeniti comitis Acerrarum, avi tui”, dated 21 Jun 1251[274]. "Conr. rex" wrote to "Thomasio comitis Acerrarum…consanguineo…suo" forgiving the transgressions of "idem comes et Iacobus frater eius" and confirming their "bonis patrimonialibus", dated Aug 1252[275]. "Manfridus" King of Sicily names "comite Acerrarum cognato suo" in a charter dated 1254[276]. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Thomas comes Acerræ cognatus Principis" [referring to the future Manfredo King of Sicily] "et Riccardus Filangerius" visited Manfredo to negotiate their support during the period when he was plotting to seize the kingdom, dated to [1254/55] from the context[277]. The necrology of Capua records the death 15 Mar 1273 of Tomaso II Conte di Acerra[278]. m MARGHERITA di Suevia, illegitimate daughter of Emperor FRIEDRICH I & his mistress --- ([1230]-[12 Jul 1297/24 Jan 1298]). Emperor Friedrich II names "Tomaso d’Aquino…genero" when the emperor sent him to the march of Ancona with "l´altro genero Riccardo conte di Caserta", in a document dated Sep 1247[279]. A document dated 26 Nov 1288 at Naples records the serious illness of "comitissa mater comitis Acerrarum"[280]. A charter dated 8 Apr 1295 ordered an inquiry into the revenue from "casalium…in territorio terre Lanei…civitatis Capue" held by "mater quondam Adenulfi comitis Acerrarum"[281]. A charter dated 12 Jul 1297 was addressed to "domine Margarite olim comitisse Acerrarum" relating to her fiefs "de comitatu Acerrarum"[282]. A charter dated 24 Jan 1298 records that property of "domina Margarita senior comitissa Acerrarum", her dower "in Suessula" constituted by "quondam domino Thomasio Acerrarum comite viro suo", was granted to "dominus Philippus princeps Tarentinus"[283]. Tommaso & his wife had two children:

i) ADENOLFO [IV] d'Aquino (-1294). Conte di Acerra. "Karolus secundus…rex Ierusalem Sicilie Ducatus Apulie…Karolo primogenito suo…" granted property of "quondam Adenulfus de Aquino comes Acerrarum" to "Philippum filium nostrum" by charter dated 1293[284]. m CONSTANZA Lancia, daughter of GALVANO Lancia Prince of Salerno & his second wife Margherita de Ocra.

ii) CUBITOSA d'Aquino ). m GALEOTTO Lancia, son of GALVANO Lancia Prince of Salerno & his second wife Margherita de Ocra (-killed in battle 1268).

b) GIACOPO d’Aquino (-after Aug 1252). "Conr. rex" wrote to "Thomasio comitis Acerrarum…consanguineo…suo" forgiving the transgressions of "idem comes et Iacobus frater eius" and confirming their "bonis patrimonialibus", dated Aug 1252[285].

B. CONTI di ALIFE

The town of Alife is located in the northern part of the present-day Italian region of Campania, west of Benevento. It is recorded as a county held from the Norman rulers by a junior branch of the Norman family of Conti di Aversa, in the early 12th century. Conte Ranulfo rebelled against Roger I King of Sicily and was installed as rival duke of Apulia by Emperor Lothar and Pope Innocent II. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Malcerius" holding fiefs "in Alifa…et de Præsentiano…et de Penta…et de Mignano"[286]. His family origin has not been traced, but it is assumed that he was unrelated to the previous comital family whose properties had been confiscated. Paolo di Ciccala is recorded as conte di Alife in the early 13th century. After that, no further references to the county have yet been found in primary sources.

ROBERTO di Aversa, son of RAINULF di Aversa Conte di Caiazzo & his wife --- (-1115). The Chronica Mon. Casinensis names "Robbertus Caiatianorum comes, filius Raynulfi comes" in a paragraph recording events in 1105[287]. Conte d'Airola, Conte di Alife, Conte di Caiazzo.

m GAITELGRIMA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified.

Roberto & his wife had [four] children:

1. RAINULFO (-Troia 30 Apr 1139, bur Troia). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Alife. The Ignoti Monachi Chronica records a war between "comes Raynulphus Alfie et Areole" and "comes Iordanus de Ariano" in 1119[288]. The Romoaldi Annales name "Raydulfo comite Ayrole cognato predicti ducis Grimoaldo principe Barensi" in 1127[289]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "comes Ranulphus", who had married "eius…sororem…Mathildim", swore homage to his brother-in-law after his accession to the duchy of Apulia (in 1127) after being promised the lands of "Rogerii Orianensis comitis"[290]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that Pope Honorius II invaded Apulia in 1127 with "Roberto Capuano principe, Raydulfo comite Ayrolæ cognato prædicti ducis, cum Conversanensibus, Grimoaldo principe Barensi" in an unsuccessful attempt to expel Duke Roger, adding that "dux Rogerius" made peace "cum prædictis baronibus et Roberto Capuano principe" after the Pope withdrew later in the same year[291]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Robertus Capuanorum princeps et Raydulfus comes Ayrolæ…" rebelled against Duke Roger in 1130 and defeated him "apud Scafatum fluvium in territorio Nuceriæ", before their rebellion was suppressed[292]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that, after "dominus Tancredus…cum domino Alexandro comite fratre suo et…domino Grimoaldo Barensi" made peace with Duke Roger 10 Aug [1129/30], "Robertus…Capuanus princeps et comes Raydulfus" sought help from Emperor Lothar[293]. Conte di Avellino. Leading the barons opposed to Roger's coronation as king of Sicily, he declared war on Roger, defeating him at Nocera 25 Jul 1132. The Chronicle of Falco Beneventano records that Roger King of Sicily disinherited "principem Robertum et Rainulphum comitem" in 1132[294]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "comiti Ranulpho" demanded the return of Avellino and Mercogliano, along with his wife and son, from Roger King of Sicily at Taranto, dated to [1130/32] from the context[295]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that the Pope and Emperor Lothar invested "comitem Raydulfum" with "ducatu Apuliæ" in 1133 in opposition to King Roger[296]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "comesque Ranulphus cum filio suo Roberto" defended Naples against the Pisans, dated to [1134/35] from the context[297]. He surrendered to Roger in 1134. After the fall of Salerno 8 Aug 1137, Emperor Lothar and Pope Innocent II jointly invested him as Duke of Apulia. Roger II King of Sicily re-entered Salerno in Oct 1137, but was defeated by Rainulfo at Rignano near Monte Gargano, 30 Oct 1137. Conte di Ariano 1138. The Annales Casinenses record the death in 1139 of "Raynulfus dux"[298]. The Ignoti Monachi Chronica records that "dux Raynulfus" died "pridie Kal Maii" in 1139[299]. The Romoaldi Annales record that "comes Raidulfus, qui dux dicebatur" died at Troia "occasione flebotomie"[300]. After Rainulf's death, Roger reasserted his position in all of southern Italy. When recapturing Troia, he insisted that Rainulf's body be disinterred. m (before 1127, separated [1130/32]) MATHILDE of Sicily, daughter of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his second wife Eremburge de Mortain (-after [1132]). The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese names "comitissæ Mathildis sororis Regis Rogerii, conjugisque Ranulphi comitis"[301]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "comitissa Mathildis", hearing that "Rogerium regem fratrem suum" had gone from Alife to Salerno, rejoined her brother who restored her dowry "tota vallis Caudina", dated to [1130] from the context[302]. The Chronicle of Falco Beneventano records that Roger King of Sicily disinherited "principem Robertum et Rainulphum comitem" in 1132 and in the same year sent "Mathildi uxori suæ" (wife of "Rainulphum") to Sicily to escape her husband[303]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that Roger King of Sicily sent "Mathildem sororem suam…cum filio suo Roberto" to Sicily to avoid her husband, dated to [1130] from the context[304]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "comiti Ranulpho" demanded the return of Avellino and Mercogliano, along with his wife and son, from Roger King of Sicily at Taranto, dated to [1130/32] from the context[305]. Ranulfo & his wife had one child:

a) ROBERTO ([1115/20]-after [1134/35]). The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that Roger King of Sicily sent "Mathildem sororem suam…cum filio suo Roberto" to Sicily to avoid her husband, dated to [1130] from the context[306]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "comiti Ranulpho" demanded the return of Avellino and Mercogliano, along with his wife and son, from Roger King of Sicily at Taranto, dated to [1130/32] from the context[307]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "comesque Ranulphus cum filio suo Roberto" defended Naples against the Pisans, adding that Roberto was knighted at the time "in primis adolescentiæ annis", dated to [1134/35] from the context[308].

2. RICCARDO (-after [1130]) The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "Ricardus Ranulphi comitis frater" claimed "Avellinum urbem nec non castrum Merculianum" and was blinded by Roger of Sicily, dated to [1127/30] from the context[309]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "Ricardus frater eius" supported his brother Rainulfo in his claim against Roger King of Sicily after his wife left him, dated to [1130] from the context[310].

3. --- . m ---. One child:

a) ANDREA (-after 1190). The Ignoti Monachi Chronica records that in the first year of the reign of Guillaume I King of Sicily, [1154/55], "Robertus, qui fuerat princeps Capuanus, Robertus comes de Lauritello consanguineus regis et comes Andreas nepos condam Raynulfi" invaded the kingdom "cum Grecorum exercitu" and subjugated "totam Apuliam et Terram Laboris"[311]. The Annales Casenses record that in 1156 Guillaume King of Sicily destroyed Bari but allowed "comitem Lorotelli et comitem Andream" to leave[312]. The Annales Ceccanenses record that "comes Andreas" went against the city of "Sancti Germani" in 1158 "in festivitate Innocentum feria quarta post epiphania" and brought it under his control[313]. The Annales Casenses record that in 1160 "comes Robbertus di Lorotello et comes Andreas" entered the kingdom[314]. Conte di Rupecanina. Hugo Falcandus records that "Andrew [count] of Rupecanina" captured Aquino in [1161][315]. The Annales Ceccanenses record that, after "comes Robbertus" invaded "terram usque Tarrentum" in 1161, "comes Andreas" left the land and went to Constantinople[316]. The Annales Ceccanenses record that in 1166 "comes Andreas" entered the land of the king of Sicily with "comite Riccardo" and besieged "Pastinam"[317]. The Annales Casenses record that in 1190 "Roggerius Andreas et Richardus Caleni comites" supported "Tancredus comes Lici"[318]. m (Oct 1160) --- di Alba, daughter of BERARD Conte di Alba & his wife ---. The Annales Ceccanenses record the marriage in Oct 1160 of "filiam Berardi de Albe" and "Andreas comes Comini"[319]. Andrea & his wife had one child:

i) ROBERTO di Calagio (-after 1193). The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica name "Robertus di Calagio dicti comitis Andrie filius" in 1193[320].

4. GAITELGRIMA di Airola (-1117). The Annals of Romoald record the marriage in 1116 of "Gaitelgrima filiam comitis Roberti de Airola" and "Gulielmus dux"[321]. "…Duchessa Gaitelgrima…" subscribed the charter dated May 1115 under which "Guglielmo duca, figlia del duca Ruggiero" confirmed donations to the monastery of Santa Maria di Malfinó, for the soul of "madre Ala", by charter dated May 1115[322]. m (before May 1115) as his first wife, GUILLAUME Duke of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily, son of ROGER "Borsa/the Purse" Duke of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily & his wife Adela de Flandre ([1096/97]-Salerno 25 Jul 1127, bur Salerno Cathedral).

1. MAUGER . Conte di Alife. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Malcerius" holding fiefs "in Alifa…et de Præsentiano…et de Penta…et de Mignano", with "feudum XXXI et augmentum eius…milites XXXIX, inter feudum et augmentum…milites LXX" and lists his feeholders[323].

1. PAOLO di Cicala (-after Feb 1205). Conte di Alife. Conte de Golosano. "Paulus de Cycala…Golosani et Aliphie comes" donated la Roccella to the church of Cefalù, with the consent of "consortis nostre comitisse Syce filie quondam domini Riccardi Musca…et noster filios", by charter dated Feb 1205[324]. m SICA, daughter of RICCARDO Musca & his wife --- (-after Feb 1205). "Paulus de Cycala…Golosani et Aliphie comes" donated la Roccella to the church of Cefalù, with the consent of "consortis nostre comitisse Syce filie quondam domini Riccardi Musca…et noster filios", by charter dated Feb 1205[325].

1. SIEGFRIED von Vohburg, son of BERTHOLD [I] Markgraf von Vohburg & his wife --- (-after Jan 1209). The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that Diepold's brother Siegfried was among those captured by Gauthier de Brienne at the battle of Canne 25 Oct 1202[326]. Conte di Alife. "Il conte di Acerra Diopoldo di Schweinspeunt, maestro giustiziere di Puglia e di Terra di Lavoro ed il fratello Siffrido conte di Alife" granted concessions to the abbot of Montevergine by charter dated 28 Jan 1209[327].

C. CONTI di APICE (BALBANO)

Apice is a town in the northern part of the interior of the present-day Italian region of Campania, due east of Benevento. A history of Apice is available on the internet. Unfortunately, the presentation is extremely poor, with footnotes which are especially difficult to reference, but the content appears relatively well researched, with extracts from printed and archival primary sources which are cited in full in the bibliography[328]. Apice lay within the Lombard principality of Benevento in the early 12th century[329]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Rogerius Boni Albergi" holding fiefs "[in] demanium suum Terræ Beneventanæ, de Apice…de Bono Albergo…de Sancto Severo"[330]. The same source records "comes Philippus de Balbano" holding "demanium suum…in Ducatu…de Sancto Angelo…de Calabretta…de Capusele…de Diana"[331]. A reference in the Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] records that Raone di Balbano held the county of Apice during the reign of Emperor Friedrich II but died without direct heirs. Manfredo King of Sicily granted the county of Apice to Federigo Maletta, one of his maternal relatives, who married the heiress of the former count. After King Manfredo was defeated, King Charles restored the county to Federigo´s wife.

1. RUGGIERO di Balbano (-after 1124). "Ruggiero de Balbano" subscribed a document dated 1124 which records the relinquishment "del territorio di Luzzano" in return for compensation[332].

2. GILBERTO di Balbano (-[after Apr 1156]). "Gilberto de Balbano" led the army of Roger I King of Sicily in 1137 against Emperor Lothar[333]. "Gilberto de Balbano" was created Justiciar of Roger I King of Sicily in 1149[334]. ["Gilberto conte di San Severo" donated the church of Santa Maria del Gualdo "all´eremita Giovanni ed ai suoi monaci" by charter dated Apr 1156[335].]

3. FILIPPO di Balbano . Conte di Balbano. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Philippus de Balbano" holding "demanium suum…in Ducatu…de Sancto Angelo…de Calabretta…de Capusele…de Diana", with "X militum et cum augmento…milites XXIV" as well as listing his barons[336].

4. RUGGIERO di Balbano . m ---. The name of Ruggiero´s wife is not known. Ruggiero & his wife had one child:

a) FILIPPO di Balbano (-1196). The "Signoria di Apice" was held by "Conte Filippo fu Ruggiero di Balbano"[337]. m ---. The name of Filippo´s wife is not known. Filippo & his wife had one child:

i) RAONE di Balbano (-before 28 Apr 1240). Conte di Conza 1222. Conte di Apice. "Rao filius quondam…comitis Philippi de Balbano…comes Consie et dominus Apicii" donated property in Apice to the abbey of Montevergine by charter dated 1226[338]. Conte di Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi. Lord of Sanseverino. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "comes Raho de Balbano…comes Apicii" was "castrum S. Severi…dominus", and died childless "tempore imp. Frederici"[339].

1. RICCARDO Gentile . Conte di Apice. m ---. The name of Riccardo´s wife is not known. Riccardo & his wife had one child:

a) MINORA Gentile (-after 1266). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "comes Fredericus Maletta" married "tempore principis Manfredi…d. Minoram consanguineam de genere dicti comitis Raonis", referring to "comes Raho de Balbano…comes Alpicii", and that "castrum S. Severi" was restored to "domine Minore comitisse Apicii" (having been occupied by "d. Thomas de Draguna")[340]. m FEDERICO Maletta, son of --- (-after 1264).

1. FEDERICO Maletta, son of --- (-killed [1258/59]). The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Fredericus Maletta principis avunculus" was installed as "Luceria capitaneus" and was sent "in Capitanata" by the future Manfredo King of Sicily in early 1256[341]. Conte di Apice. Signore di Sanseverino. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that King Manfredo had granted "comitatum…Apicii…cum castrum S. Severi" to "comes Fredericus Maletta" at the time of his marriage[342]. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina names "Fredericum Malecta comitem Bizani consanguineum suum" as one of the advisers of Manfredo King of Sicily, dated to [late 1264/early 1265] from the context[343]. The monk Conrad’s Brevis Chronica records that "comes Fredericus Malecta" was appointed "capitaneus Siciliæ" in 1257 and in the same year was killed "a Theobaldo Theutonico"[344], although the passage follows the report of King Manfred’s coronation as king which is dated to Aug 1258 from other sources. m MINORA Gentile, daughter of RICCARDO Gentile Conte di Apice & his wife --- (-after 1266). The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "comes Fredericus Maletta" married "tempore principis Manfredi…d. Minoram consanguineam de genere dicti comitis Raonis", referring to "comes Raho de Balbano…comes Alpicii", and that "castrum S. Severi" was restored to "domine Minore comitisse Apicii"[345]. Federico & his wife had one child:

a) FRANCESCO Maletta . m ---. The name of Francesco´s wife is not known. Francesco & his wife had one child:

i) ISABELLA Maletta . Heiress of Apice and Calabritto. m (1301) BERARDO GIANNATTASIO di San Giorgio, son of ---.

D. CONTI di ARIANO

The town of Ariano Irpino is located about 20 kilometres east of Benevento in the present-day Italian region of Campania, and was originally within the Lombard principality of Benevento[346]. References have been found in secondary sources to Norman counts of Ariano from the late 11th century. However, the first primary source reference which has so far been found dates to 1119. No record has been found relating to the county of Ariano which is dated later than the exile of Conte Ruggiero by Roger I King of Sicily in 1139 until the county was granted by Charles I King of Sicily to a member of the Sabran family of Provence.

1. GERARD (-before 1100). Conte di Ariano. m ---. The name of Gérard’s wife is not known. Gérard & his wife had one child:

a) HERBERT (-after 1100). Chalandon refers to Herbert, son of Gérard Conte di Ariano, who was recorded as having succeeded his father in 1100, married to Altrude, parents of Giordano[347]. Conte di Ariano. m ALTRUDE, daughter of ---. Herbert & his wife had one child:

i) GIORDANO (-killed Firenzola 12 Aug 1127). Conte di Ariano. The Chronicle of Falco Beneventano records a war between "Jordanis comitis" and "comitis Rainulphi" in 1119[348]. The Ignoti Monachi Chronica also records a war between "comes Raynulphus Alfie et Areole" and "comes Iordanus de Ariano" in 1119[349]. The Chronicle of Falco Beneventano records that "comes…Jordanus", who had been disinherited by the duke of Apulia, stormed "Montemfuscum" on the day that the duke was buried in 1127, but was attacked 15 days later by "Robertus filius Richardi comitem" in "civitatem Florentinum" and killed[350]. m ---. The name of Giordano´s wife is not known. Giordano & his wife had one child:

(a) RUGGIERO (-after 1139). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Ariano. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "comes Ranulphus", who had married "eius…sororem…Mathildim", swore homage to his brother-in-law after his accession to the duchy of Apulia (in 1127) after being promised the lands of "Rogerii Orianensis comitis"[351]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "Grimoaldus Barensium princeps, Gofridus comes Andrensis, Tancredus de Conversano atque Rogerius Orianensis comes…et Robertus Capuanorum princeps" supported the Pope in opposing the accession of Roger Count of Sicily in Apulia (in 1127)[352]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese names "Robertus filius Ricardi…et Rogerius Orianensis comes" as supporters of Roger King of Sicily, dated to [1134/35] from the context[353]. The Chronicle of Falco Beneventano records that Roger King of Sicily exiled "comitem…Rogerium de Ariano…cum uxore sua" to Sicily in 1139[354]. m --- (-after 1139). The name of Roger´s wife is not known. The Chronicle of Falco Beneventano records that Roger King of Sicily exiled "comitem…Rogerium de Ariano…cum uxore sua" to Sicily in 1139[355].

The following reconstruction is an outline only, copied from Europäische Stammtafeln[356] mainly to show connections with other families listed in Medieval Lands. The primary sources which confirm the family relationships have not been identified, unless otherwise shown below.

ELZEAR de Sabran, son of GUILLAUME de Sabran dit de Martortello & his wife Ermesende --- (-after 29 Apr 1300). Europäische Stammtafeln shows his parentage[357]. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified. He travelled to Italy in 1266 with Charles Comte d’Anjou. Seigneur d’Ansouis, de Cucuron et de Vaugine de la Motte. He sold his one-eighth share in the seigneurie d’Uzès to the bishop of Uzès in 1280.

m (before 1260) CECILE d’Agoult, daughter of ISNARD [III] d’Agoult Seigneur de Sault co-Seigneur d’Apt & his wife --- (-after 29 Apr 1300). Courcelles and the Armorial Général show her parentage and marriage (no sources cited)[358]. The primary sources which confirm the information have not been identified.

Elzear & his wife had children:

1. ERMENGAUD de Sabran (-[19 May/27 Jul] 1310). Baron d’Ansouis. Conte di Ariano 1283. m firstly ([1275]) LAUDUNE d’Albe de Roquemartine, daughter of ---. m secondly ([1290]) as her first husbamd, ELISE de Baux, daughter of RAYMOND de Baux Seigneur de Puyricard & his wife Eustachie Etendard. Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 9 Sep 1293 which ordered payments to "Ermengaud de Sabran comte d’Ariano...mari d’Elise de Baux fille de Raymond de Baux de Meyrargues et d’Eustache Estendard", withheld by "Guillaume Estendard maréchal de Sicile son oncle maternel, héritier de son père Guillaume" when his sister married Raymond de Baux[359]. A letter dated 27 Jul 1310 relates to a request by "Elise de Baux de Puyricard" to restore “le douaire que feu son mari Ermengaud de Sabran avait assigné”[360]. Robert King of Sicily confirmed the agreement between "Elzéar de Sabran comte d’Ariano" and “Elise de Baux de Puyricard sa belle-sœur veuve d’Ermengard de Sabran” concerning her dower by charter dated 1 Feb 1311[361]. She married secondly ([22 Nov 1312]) Giovanni detto Ruffo di Subbiaco. Robert King of Sicily confirmed the marriage contract between "Jean dit Ruffus de Subbiaco" and “Elise de Baux de Puyricard”, assigning ”son douaire...sur la terre d’Alberona...dans la Capitanate”, by charter dated 22 Nov 1312[362]. Ermengaud & his first wife had children:

a) ISNARD de Sabran (-1297). m (1 Sep 1294) as her first husband, MARGUERITE de Villehardouin Lady of Matagriphon (Akova) and Katochi, daughter of GUILLAUME de Villehardouin Prince of Achaia & his third wife Anna Komnenodukaina of Epirus (1266-Khlemutsi Feb 1315). The Livre de la Conqueste de la Morée records that Guillaume Prince of Achaia granted half of the barony of Akova to “madame Marguerite ma fille” as part of the settlement of the dispute with Marguerite Lady of Passava over her inheritance of the property[363]. She married secondly (1299) as his second wife, Riccardo Orsini Count of Kefalonia. The Livre de la Conqueste de la Morée records that “li contes Richart” married “la dame de Mathe-Griphon, la suer de la princesse Ysabeau”[364]. On the death of her older sister Isabelle in 1312, Marguerite claimed the principality of Achaia. She based her claim on an alleged will made by her father, the provisions of which would have been invalid in any event because of the terms of the marriage contract of Isabelle's first marriage in 1271, and even though Isabelle's children were still alive. In order to obtain support from the powerful Catalan interest in Greece, Marguerite arranged the marriage of her daughter to whom she transferred her rights[365]. After her daughter's marriage, she was arrested by Nikolaos Mavro, acting on behalf of the Angevin/Burgundian interests of her niece's second husband, and imprisoned in the castle of Khlemutsi where she later died[366]. Isnard & his wife had one child:

i) ISABELLE de Sabran (1297-Catania 7 May 1315). The charter dated Feb 1313 between "Ferrandi Infantis, filii…quondam domini Regis Jacobi Regis Majoricarum bonæ memoriæ" and "dominæ Margaritæ filiæ quondam domini Guillelmi Ackay Principis dominæ Matagriffoni" provides for the marriage of the former with "dominam Isabellam eiusdem dominæ Margaritæ et dicti quondam domini Guillelmi filiam"[367]. Her marriage was arranged by her mother to obtain the support of the Catalans for her claim to the principality of Achaia and encouraged by Federigo I King of Sicily [Aragon] in order to increase his influence in Greece. Her dowry was the barony of Akova [Matagrifon] and her mother's "fifth part" of the principality of Achaia[368]. Isabelle died from the after-effects of childbirth, after bequeathing her rights to Achaia to her new-born son[369]. m (Messina Feb 1314) as his first wife, Infante don FERNANDO de Mallorca, son of JAIME II de Aragón King of Mallorca & his wife Esclarmonde de Foix ([1282/83?]-beheaded Manolada, Peloponnesos [Jul/19 Oct] 1316). He claimed the principality of Achaia, on behalf of his infant son by this first marriage, and landed near Glarentza in Morea in summer 1315. He captured the castle of Beauvoir [Pontikokastro] and the plain of Elis, adopting the title "Lord of the Morea" in Jul 1315[370]. He was defeated by his rival Louis de Bourgogne at Manolada 5 Jul 1316, and beheaded after the battle[371].

b) ELZEAR [II] de Sabran (Château de Robians near Ansouis [1285/86]-Paris 27 Sep 1323, bur Apt). Conte di Ariano. m (22 Nov 1299) DELPHINE de Signe, daughter of GUILLAUME de Signe & his wife Delphine de Barras Dame de Puy-Michel (-Paris 26 Nov 1360, bur Apt). Gioffredo records that in 1314 Nice was “onorata dalla presenza di Santa Delfina Dame di Puy-Michel” on her return from Naples where she was with “S. Elzeario Conte d’Ariano suo marito”[372].

c) CECILE de Sabran (-[1306/10]). Charles II King of Sicily approved the mortgage of "la terre de Lauro" agreed by "Hugues de Baux et son père Bertrand comte d’Avellin" with “Ermengaud de Sabran comte d’Ariano” to guarantee the dowry of “Cécile de Sabran sa fille, récemment mariée à Hugues de Baux”, by charter dated 3 Apr 1301[373]. A charter dated 1303 records "Cécile de Sabran veuve d’Hugues de Baux, fils de Bertrand comte d’Avellin" receiving “l’assignation de son douaire...sur le château de Lauro”[374]. m firstly (before 3 Apr 1301) HUGUES de Baux Signore di Lauro, son of BERTRAND de Baux Conte di Avellino & his first wife Philippa de Poitiers-Valentinois (-murdered Milan 1303). m secondly (1303) GUILLAUME Bollard, son of ---. Grand Marshal of the kingdom of Sicily. A charter dated 5 May 1306 records that "Mathieur de Gesualdo" had bought “[le] château de Castiglione” from “Cécile de Sabran, épouse de Guillaume Bollard, maréchal du royaume de Sicile”, against which was assigned the dower of “la dite Cécile, veuve d’Hugues de Baux d’Avellin son premier mari”[375]. After the complaint of "Elzéar de Sabran comte d’Ariano", Robert King of Sicily ordered the restoration of gold and jewels “donnés en dot par feu son père Ermengaud à feu Cécile de Sabran sa sœur” when she married “le chevalier Guillaume Bollard maréchal de Sicile” and also gold from the dower granted to Cécile “par Hugues de Baux d’Avellin son premier mari sur les revenus du château de Castiglione” by charter dated 20 Aug 1311[376].

Ermengaud & his second wife had children:

d) GUILLAUME de Sabran (-after 8 Oct 1353). Conte di Ariano. m firstly (before 1309) ROBERTA di San Giorgio Ctssa di Apice, daughter of BELTRANO di San Giorgio & his wife Isabella Mattei Signora di Apice. m secondly (before 20 Jun 1323) FRANCESCA di Celano, daughter of TOMMASO Conte di Celano & his wife ---. Ctssa di Anglone 1374. Guillaume & his first wife had children:

i) LODOVICO de Sabran (-before 1388). Conte di Ariano. Conte d’Ascoli. m firstly MARIA di Marzano Ctssa di Ascoli, daughter of RICCARDO di Marzano & his wife Margherita d’Aquino Ctssa di Ascoli. m secondly (30 Jan 1352) MARGHERITA di San Severino, daughter of RUGGIERO di San Severino Conte di Mileto e Terranuova & his wife Giovanna d’Aquino. m thirdly GIOVANNA de Joinville, daughter of NICCOLÒ de Joinville Conte di Sant’Angelo & his wife Rebecca Maranaldo. Delaborde records her parentage and marriage[377]. Lodovico & his first wife had one child:

(1) ROBERTA de Sabran . Ctssa di Ascoli. The testament of “Nicolaus de Acciaiolis de Florentia, miles, Corynthi dominus, Melfie et palatinus comes, ac magnus senescalcus regni Sicilie” dated 30 Sep 1358 refers to the future marriage of “comitissam Esculi” and “filios suos…Benedictum”[378]. m (after 30 Sep 1358) BENEDETTO Acciaiuoli, son of NICOLÒ degli Acciaiuoli & his wife Margherita degli Spini.

Lodovico & his second wife had one child:

(2) ELZEAR [III] de Sabran (-after 21 Sep 1390). Conte di Ariano. Conte di Apice. m (before 21 Sep 1388) CATERINA di Arcussia, daughter of GIACOMO di Arcussia Conte di Minerbino & his wife Moretta di Valva (-after 21 Sep 1390). Elzear [III] & his wife had one child:

(a) ARMENGALDO [Ermengaud] de Sabran (-after 23 Feb 1417). Conte di Ariano. Conte di Apice. His properties were confiscated 23 Feb 1417 by Francesco Sforza[379]. m ALTOBELLA Carafa, daughter of PIETRO Carafa & his wife Maria Guidazza.

Guillaume & his second wife had children:

ii) GUGLIELMO de Sabran (-1375). Conte di Anglone. m GIACOMETTA di San Severino, daughter of ---. Guglielmo & his wife had one child:

(1) LAUDUNA de Sabran . Ctssa di Anglone. m (15 May 1377) GIOVANNI di Arcussia Conte di Cipro, son of ---.

iii) GIOVANNI de Sabran (-[16 Aug/3 Dec] 1383). Baron d’Ansuis. m (before 1351) as her first husband, ISOARDE de Roquefeuil Dame de Puyloubier, daughter of ISNARD de Roquefeuil & his wife Catherine du Puget (-after 18 Sep 1389, bur Puyloubier). She married secondly Isnard Féraud le Grand Baron de Glandevès.

- BARONS d’ANSOUIS, DUCS de SABRAN[380].

iv) GIOVANNA de Sabran (-after 1379). m (Naples [1352/55]) NICCOLÒ Orsini Conte di Nola, son of ROBERTO Orsini & his wife Suevia de Baux (27 Aug 1331-after 14 Feb 1399).

v) FRANCESCA de Sabran (-after 1353). Betrothed (contract Naples 13 Mar 1338) to NICCOLÒ de Joinville Conte di Sant’Angelo, son of NICOLAS de Joinville Conte di Sant’Angelo & his wife Jeanne de Baux ([1331?]-after 1360).

e) SIBILLETTA de Sabran (-after 1310). m TOMMASO d’Aquino, son of ---.

f) BEATRIX de Sabran (-after 1310). m (after 1210) BERTRAND de Vintimille dit de Marseille Seigneur d’Olioulles et d’Evenane, son of --- (-[5 Oct 1328/1330]).

2. DOUCELINE de Sabran (-after 18 Jul 1317). m (Papal dispensation 17 Dec 1305) as his first wife, ROBERT d’Uzès Seigneur d’Uzès, son of BERMOND [III] Seigneur d’Uzés & his first wife Alix --- (-after 28 Mar 1349). Vicomte d’Uzès 1328.

F. SIGNORI di AVELLA (BAUX)

Avella is located in the present-day Italian province of Avellino, region of Campania.

AMIEL de Baux, son of BERTRAND [III] de Baux co-Prince d’Orange Seigneur de Courthezon & his first wife Isoarde d’Agoult (-1351). The testament of "Bertrand de Baux III co-prince d’Orange et seigneur de Courtheson", dated 1 Dec 1300, bequeathed property to "...frère Baucelin son fils...Guillaume et Barral ses fils...son fils Hugues...son fils Amiel... Bertrand son fils"[381]. Chamberlain of the kingdom of Sicily: "Amiel de Baux chambellan du roi de Sicile" assigned “le douaire...de sa femme Françoise d’Avella sur sa baronnie de Castrignano de Bruca et Saponara” by charter dated 1308[382]. Captain-General and Justiciar of Calabria. Signore d’Avella. Robert King of Sicily ordered an enquiry into the fights between "les vassaux...de Jean d’Amendolara de Jeanne Ruffo de Calabre son épouse" and “ceux d’Amiel et Jean Théodin de Baux son fils, de Bérard et François de Baux, fils de Théodin, de Catherine d’Aulnay, belle-fille d’Amiel” and punishment of those found guilty by charter dated 11 Jun 1335[383]. Robert King of Sicily confirmed "la seigneurie d’Avella qui leur fut donnée par le roi et de celle des châteaux de Lecce et Pontemignano" to “Amiel de Baux seigneur d’Avella et à son épouse Françoise” by charter dated 4 Jun 1337[384].

m ([1308]) FRANCESCA di Avella, daughter of RAIMONDO di Avella, Admiral of Sicily & his wife --- (-after 14 Jun 1337). "Amiel de Baux chambellan du roi de Sicile" assigned “le douaire...de sa femme Françoise d’Avella sur sa baronnie de Castrignano de Bruca et Saponara” by charter dated 1308[385]. Robert King of Sicily granted "les seuls biens féodaux de Marguerite fille et héritière de Raymond d’Avella amiral du royaume de Sicile, épouse de Philippe Etendard, morte sans enfants", whose property reverted to the Court because “Françoise sa sœur épouse d’Amiel de Baux de Courtheson” had received her dowry, to “Simon de Beaulieu” by charter dated 11 Jul 1313[386]. Robert King of Sicily confirmed "la seigneurie d’Avella qui leur fut donnée par le roi et de celle des châteaux de Lecce et Pontemignano" to “Amiel de Baux seigneur d’Avella et à son épouse Françoise” by charter dated 4 Jun 1337[387].

Amiel & his wife had three children:

1. BERTRAND de Baux (-[1327/11 Jun 1335]). "Bertrand de Baux de Courtheson, fils d’Amiel de Baux, Catherine d’Aulnay son épouse et Robert d’Aulnay son beau-père, assisté de son épouse Jacquette del Bosco veuve de Gérard d’Aulnay son premier mari" agreed “[le] douaire assigné à Catherine sur le fief d’Alessano” by charter dated 1327[388]. m ([1327]) as her first husband, CATERINA d’Alneto, daughter of ROBERTO d’Alneto & his wife --- (-after 1337). "Bertrand de Baux de Courtheson, fils d’Amiel de Baux, Catherine d’Aulnay son épouse et Robert d’Aulnay son beau-père, assisté de son épouse Jacquette del Bosco veuve de Gérard d’Aulnay son premier mari" agreed “[le] douaire assigné à Catherine sur le fief d’Alessano” by charter dated 1327[389]. Robert King of Sicily ordered an enquiry into the fights between "les vassaux...de Jean d’Amendolara de Jeanne Ruffo de Calabre son épouse" and “ceux d’Amiel et Jean Théodin de Baux son fils, de Bérard et François de Baux, fils de Théodin, de Catherine d’Aulnay, belle-fille d’Amiel” and punishment of those found guilty by charter dated 11 Jun 1335[390]. She married secondly (1337) Francesco di Loreto Conte di Caserta. A charter dated 1337 records "l’assignation du douaire de Catherine d’Aulnay veuve de Bertrand de Baux de Courtheson, fils de Amiel de Baux" over “divers domaines de Venticani, Portigliola...” made by “François de Larath comte de Caserte son deuxième mari”[391].

2. JEAN THEODIN de Baux . Robert King of Sicily ordered an enquiry into the fights between "les vassaux...de Jean d’Amendolara de Jeanne Ruffo de Calabre son épouse" and “ceux d’Amiel et Jean Théodin de Baux son fils, de Bérard et François de Baux, fils de Théodin, de Catherine d’Aulnay, belle-fille d’Amiel” and punishment of those found guilty by charter dated 11 Jun 1335[392]. m ---. The name of Jean Théodin’s wife is not known. Jean Théodin & his wife had two children:

a) BERARD de Baux . Robert King of Sicily ordered an enquiry into the fights between "les vassaux...de Jean d’Amendolara de Jeanne Ruffo de Calabre son épouse" and “ceux d’Amiel et Jean Théodin de Baux son fils, de Bérard et François de Baux, fils de Théodin, de Catherine d’Aulnay, belle-fille d’Amiel” and punishment of those found guilty by charter dated 11 Jun 1335[393].

b) FRANÇOIS de Baux . Robert King of Sicily ordered an enquiry into the fights between "les vassaux...de Jean d’Amendolara de Jeanne Ruffo de Calabre son épouse" and “ceux d’Amiel et Jean Théodin de Baux son fils, de Bérard et François de Baux, fils de Théodin, de Catherine d’Aulnay, belle-fille d’Amiel” and punishment of those found guilty by charter dated 11 Jun 1335[394].

3. CATHERINE de Baux (-after 20 Apr 1342). A charter dated 1340 records the "douaire de Catherine fille d’Amile de Baux de Courtheson, épouse de Guillaume Scott" assigned on “le château de San-Martino près d’Avellino”[395]. Robert King of Sicily notified his his grant of rights "du château de San-Martino” to “Catherine de Baux d’Orange, veuve de Guillaume Scott, mort sans enfants” by charter dated 10 Jan 1341[396]. m GUILLAUME Scott, son of --- (-before 1340).

The parentage of Jeanne has not been ascertained. She could not have been the daughter of Bertrand [IV] de Baux Prince d’Orange (see the document PROVENCE-VALENTINOIS, DIOIS) as she is not named in his 21 Jul 1314 testament, and in any case her estimated birth date, shown below, appears inconsistent with his marriage (dated to 1273). Her birth-date is also inconsistent with her being either the daughter of Raymond [IV] de Baux Prince d’Orange (who married in [1317/18]) or a member of the Meyrargues/Puyricard branch of the Baux family (see the document PROVENCE-AIX, MARSEILLE). She is not recorded in the Baux families of Andria and Avellano, shown elsewhere in the present document, as the primary sources recording the children of both branches seem to provide a complete reconstruction. This leaves the Baux seigneurs de Courthezon as the most likely family of Jeanne. Her marriage in Italy suggests that she was the daughter either of Amiel de Baux Signore di Avella, or of Hugues de Baux Conte di Soleto (shown elsewhere in the present document) although the failure of her descendants to inherit property from Hugues’s son Raymond, who died childless, suggests that the former is the more likely possibility.

1. JEANNE de Baux ([1310/15?]-after 26 Apr 1347). Her birth date is estimated from her husband’s estimated birth-date, bearing in mind that she had four children before he was killed. A charter dated 1339 records a lawsuit between "Jeanne de Baux comtesse de S. Angelo veuve de Nicolas de Joinville, en sa qualité de mère et tutrice de son fils Nicolas" and “Mathieu Mansella de Salerne seigneur de Plati”[397]. Jeanne Queen of Sicily confirmed the agreement between "Nicolas de Joinville" and “sa mère Jeanne de Baux, comte et comtesse de S. Angelo” concerning her dower “les châteaux de Bagnoli situé dans la principauté ultérieure...et celui de S. Antonio-de-Planotnibus, dans la Capitanate” by charter dated 26 Apr 1347[398]. m ([1330/31]) NICOLAS de Joinville Conte di Sant’Angelo, son of PHILIPPE de Joinville Conte di Sant’Angelo & his wife Ilaria di Sus ([1310/12?]-murdered 29 Jun 1335).

G. CONTI di AVELLINO

The town of Avellino is located due east of Nola and due south of Benevento in the present-day Italian region of Campania, and is now the name of one of the five provinces of the region. The county of Avellino first developed in the Lombard principality of Benevento in the early 10th century and is recorded as a Lombard county until the mid-11th century, see CONTI di AVELLINO in the document SOUTHERN ITALY (1). Rainulfo Conte di Alife was appointed Conte di Avellino by Roger I King of Sicily in the early years of his reign as a reward for his support. However, Conte Rainulfo rebelled against the king, sided with Emperor Lothar, and was installed as rival duke of Apulia by the emperor. His territories in the kingdom of Sicily were confiscated. King Roger appointed Riccardo di Aquila as Conte di Avellino in the early 1140s. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Rogerus de Aquila" holding "demanium suum…in Principatu…de Riardo…de Avellino…in Ducatu…de Merculiano…de Caprilia…et de Sancto Angelo" in the county of Avellino[399]. After the death of Conte Ruggiero in 1183, no further information has yet been found on the county of Avellino until the appointment of Bertrand de Baux as conte di Avellino by Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet].

1. RAINULFO [di Aversa], son of ROBERTO di Aversa Conte di Alife & his wife Gaitelgrima --- (-Troia 30 Apr 1139, bur Troia). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Alife. Conte di Avellino.

RICCARDO di Aquila, son of --- (-24 Sep 1152). He was installed as Conte di Avellino before 1144 by Roger I King of Sicily.

m MAGALDA, daughter of --- & his wife Adelicia di Adernò. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified.

Riccardo & his wife had one child:

1. RUGGIERO di Aquila (-1183). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated Aug 1167 under which "il conte di Avellino, Ruggiero de Aquila, figlio del fu conte Riccardo" donated property to the monastery of Montevergine[400]. Conte di Avellino. Cousin of Robert di Sorrento[401]. Hugo Falcandus names "Roger Count of Avellino" among those who conspired to capture Guillaume I King of Sicily in 1161, and records that the king pardoned him "moved by the appeals of his cousin Adelicia, the same count's grandmother…who had no other surviving heir"[402]. Hugo Falcandus records that the queen restored "Count Roger of Avellino" to his previous rank in [1166][403]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Rogerus de Aquila" holding "demanium suum…in Principatu…de Riardo…de Avellino…in Ducatu…de Merculiano…de Caprilia…et de Sancto Angelo" in the county of Avellino, with "milites XLVI et augmentum eius…milites XLV…una inter feudum et augmentum…milites LXXXVIII"[404]. "Ruggiero de Aquila conte di Avellino" donated a mill at Volturno near "del casale Schiavi…" to the monastery of Montevergine by charter dated Mar 1174[405]. "Il conte Ruggiero di Andria…comestabile e giustiziere di Puglia e Terra di Lavoro" confirmed the usurpation of property "dal defunto conte Ruggiero di Avellino" by charter dated Jan 1184[406]. m ([1160/61]) MAROCTA di San Severino, daughter of ENRICO di San Severino & his wife Fenicia ---. Hugo Falcandus records that "Count Roger of Avellino" was among those who fled into the Abruzzi after the general conspiracy in 1161, thinking it "wiser to avoid the king's anger for having recently - without the court's permission - married the daughter of Fenicia of San Severino", but that the countess "was captured and taken to Palermo together with her mother Fenicia"[407]. Ruggiero & his wife had one child:

a) PERRONA . Contessa di Avellino. "Ruggiero di Giacomo fu Torgisio Fraineta Signore di Apice…detto Ruggiero del Castello Vetere Avellino" married "Perrona comitissa di Avellino, figlia del Conte Ruggiero de Aquila di Avelino"[408]. "Perrona gia contessa di Avellino ed il figlio Matteo di Castelvetere, nella qualità di signori del castello di Taurasi" granted property near "castello…Stalla" to "vassallo Taurasino" by charter dated Jan 1196[409]. m RUGGIERO Signore di Apice, son of GIACOMO Fraineta [Frasneta] & his wife ---.

Ruggiero had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

b) MATTEO (-after May 1200). It is assumed that Matteo was illegitimate as he did not inherit the county of Avellino from his father. Signore di Taurasi. "Perrona gia contessa di Avellino ed il figlio Matteo di Castelvetere, nella qualità di signori del castello di Taurasi" granted property near "castello…Stalla" to "vassallo Taurasino" by charter dated Jan 1196[410]. "Matteo signore di Taurasi e di altri luoghi, figlio del conte Ruggiero di Avellino" remitted the work obligations of "il sacerdote Alferio" by charter dated May 1200[411].

Sources quoted below show that the Parisio family was based in Messina. Pagano di Parisio is recorded as conte di Avellino in the 1195 and 1208 sources quoted below. The circumstances in which he was granted Avellino have not been ascertained, nor how long he held the county. Two sibings, parents not identified:

1. BARTOLOMEO de Parisio (-[before 1194?]). “...Bartolomei de Parisius...” witnessed a charter dated Apr 1162 issued at Messina by “Iohannes Male convincionis [Malconvenant] filius quondam Gaufredi...cum...Roberto Maleconvencione fratre meo...” confirming his holding “castellum de Calatatrasi”[412]. The Annals of Romoald record that "Stephanus...Cancellarius" [of Guillaume II King of Sicily] imprisoned "comitem Henricum fratrem regine...apud Regium", dated to 1168, and name “Riccardus comes de Mulisio, Bartholomeus de Parisio, Iohannes de Sinopolim” among those also captured[413]. m ALEXANDRA, daughter of --- (-after Mar 1195). “Paganus de Parisio...comes Avellini” sold property to “domino Eugenio de Parisio et domino Iordano...consanguineis nostris” by charter dated Mar 1195, witnessed by “...Alexandra uxor quondam domini Bartholomei de Parisio...”[414]. Bartolomeo & his wife had five children:

a) PAGANO di Parisio (-after Mar 1213). Conte di Avellino. “Paganus de Parisio...comes Avellini” sold property to “domino Eugenio de Parisio et domino Iordano...consanguineis nostris”, with the consent of “comitissa Margarita, Gualterius de Parisio”, by charter dated Mar 1195, witnessed by “Isabella filia quondam Bartholomei de Parisio, Alexandra uxor quondam domini Bartholomei de Parisio...Agnes filiam quondam domini Bartholomei de Parisio, Machalda filia quondam Bartholomei de Parisio...”[415]. Conte di Butera. “Paganus de Parisio...comes Buthere et Avellini” donated property to the Templars in Paternò by charter dated Jan 1208 (O.S.?)[416]. “Constantia...Romanorum regina...et regina Sicilia...cum filio suo Henrici...rege Sicilia...” confiscated the assets of “comes Paganus et comes Gualterius de Parisio” for “incursus plurimos et rapinas violentas” against the church of Catania, and donated “castrum Calatabianum” to the church to be held in fief by “comiti Arnaldo”, by charter dated Mar 1213[417]. m ([before Mar 1195?]) MARGUERITE de Lucy, daughter of BARTHELEMY de Lucy Conte di Paternò & his wife Desiderata --- (-after Jan 1199). “Bartholomaus de Lucy...comes Paternionis et domini regis consanguineus” granted “terra...Minai feudum unius militis, quod fuit quondam Henrici de Mansillera” to “filia nostra Margarita” by charter dated Jan 1199[418]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified, although the wife of Pagano is named “Margarita” in the Mar 1195 charter quoted above. However, if that document refers to the same wife, it seems unusual for her father not to have named Marguerite’s husband in his Jan 1199 charter. Maybe Pagano married twice, both wives being named Margherita/Marguerite.

b) GUALTERIO di Parisio (-after Mar 1213). His parentage is confirmed by the 1267 vidimus quoted below. “Paganus de Parisio...comes Avellini” sold property to “domino Eugenio de Parisio et domino Iordano...consanguineis nostris”, with the consent of “comitissa Margarita, Gualterius de Parisio”, by charter dated Mar 1195[419]. “Constantia...Romanorum regina...et regina Sicilia...cum filio suo Henrici...rege Sicilia...” confiscated the assets of “comes Paganus et comes Gualterius de Parisio” for “incursus plurimos et rapinas violentas” against the church of Catania, and donated “castrum Calatabianum” to the church to be held in fief by “comiti Arnaldo”, by charter dated Mar 1213[420]. An extract of the same document reproduced by Niese names “comes Armaleo”[421]. m ---. The name of Gualterio’s wife is not known. Gualterio & his wife had one child:

i) [MAGALDA] di Parisio . A vidimus dated 1267 records that “comes Armaleo” had married “filiam comitis Gualterii de Parisio filii comitis Bartholomei de Parisio”, with “castrum Calatabiani” as dowry, undated[422]. The necrology of the Liber Confratrum of the church of S. Matteo di Salerno records the death of “Comitissa Magalda de Parisio” (no date), an entry which Garufi indicates refers to Armaleo’s wife[423]. m ([Mar 1213?]) ARMALEO Conte Monaldeschi, son of ---. Niese names him “Graf Armaleo Monaldeschi”, provides some information on his family background, and records that financial problems later obliged him to sell Calatabiano[424].

c) ISABELLA di Parisio . “Paganus de Parisio...comes Avellini” sold property to “domino Eugenio de Parisio et domino Iordano...consanguineis nostris” by charter dated Mar 1195, witnessed by “Isabella filia quondam Bartholomei de Parisio, Alexandra uxor quondam domini Bartholomei de Parisio...Agnes filiam quondam domini Bartholomei de Parisio, Machalda filia quondam Bartholomei de Parisio...”[425].

d) AGNESE di Parisio . “Paganus de Parisio...comes Avellini” sold property to “domino Eugenio de Parisio et domino Iordano...consanguineis nostris” by charter dated Mar 1195, witnessed by “Isabella filia quondam Bartholomei de Parisio, Alexandra uxor quondam domini Bartholomei de Parisio...Agnes filiam quondam domini Bartholomei de Parisio, Machalda filia quondam Bartholomei de Parisio...”[426].

e) MAGALDA di Parisio . “Paganus de Parisio...comes Avellini” sold property to “domino Eugenio de Parisio et domino Iordano...consanguineis nostris” by charter dated Mar 1195, witnessed by “Isabella filia quondam Bartholomei de Parisio, Alexandra uxor quondam domini Bartholomei de Parisio...Agnes filiam quondam domini Bartholomei de Parisio, Machalda filia quondam Bartholomei de Parisio...”[427].

2. --- di Parisio (-after 1168). Hugo Falcandus records that "Richard de Say arrived at Palermo…with his wife the sister of Bartholomew de Parisio [whom] he wished to divorce…in order to marry the niece of the archbishop of Capua, and that the divorce was granted on condition his wife remained unmarried"[428]. m (divorced [1168]) as his first wife, RICHARD de Say Conte di Fondi, Conte di Gravina, son of --- (-after 1168).

BERTRAND de Baux, son of BARRAL Seigneur de Baux & his wife Sibylle d'Anduze (-[21 May/22 Jul] 1304). Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse "senescallo Venaissini" wrote to "Barralli domini Baucii et Bertrandi eius filii, militum" concerning a dispute "inter homines de Montiliis {Monteux, Vaucluse, cant. Carpentras} et de Auriolo {Loriol, Vaucluse, cant. Carpentras} ex una parte et homines de Sarriano {Sarrians, Vaucluse, cant. Carpentras} ex altera", dated 31 Jul 1267[429]. He fought at the battle of Benevento against Manfred King of Sicily and was appointed Conte di Avellino by Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet][430]. "Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin, fils de Barral seigneur des Baux" acknowledged holding “le château de Trinquetaille” in fief from the archbishop of Arles by charter dated 25 Jun 1275[431]. "Bertrand de Baux III co-prince d’Orange et Raymond son frère, fils et héritiers de Raymond II seigneur de Suze et co-prince d’Orange", in the presence of “leur oncle Raymond de Baux I”, granted their rights “sur la terre de Bardineto, province de Gênes, et même dans le judicat de Torres, Arborée, Gallura et au château de Bosa” to “leur cousin Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin” by charter dated 3 Oct 1280[432]. Seigneur de Pertuis: "Guillaume de Pertuis fils de feu Guillaume de Sabran comte de Forcalquier" transferred the usufruct of property of "son fils Bertrand de Baux" to “Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, referring particularly to the dowry of “feue Alasacie de Baux son épouse tante du comte d’Avellin et mère de feu Bertrand de Baux de Pertuis”, by charter dated 6 Oct 1284[433]. "Bertrand de Baux...seigneur de Baux, comte d’Avellin" sold rights in Arles and Trinquetaille to the archbishop of Aix, promising that "Agathe son épouse" would ratify the agreement, by charter dated 25 Sep 1300[434]. A charter dated 1303 records that "Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin", due to financial difficulties, granted “tout ce qu’il tient de l’église de Marseille” to “son fils Raymond” provided he gave dowries “à ses deux filles et de nourrir les deux fils qu’il a de son second mariage”[435]. A charter dated 21 May 1304 records a complaint brought by "les habitants di château de Goult...par devant Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin leur seigneur suzerain"[436]. He presumably died before 22 Jul 1304, the date of the charter quoted below in which his son Raymond is named as Conte di Avellino.

m firstly (before 12 Oct 1254) PHILIPPA de Poitiers-Valentinois, daughter of AYMAR [III] de Poitiers Comte de Valentinois et de Diois & his first wife Sibylle de Beaujeu (-before 27 Apr 1283). By charter dated 10 Apr 1244, "Aymar de Poitiers III comte de Valentinois, fils de feu Guillaume et de Florie" confirmed his desire for the marriage of "sa fille Philippine" to "Hugues fils ainé de Barral seigneur de Baux", when they reached the age of puberty, or if he died to "Bertrand fils cadet de Barral"[437]. Considering the chronology of the family, Philippa must have been a baby at the time and was probably her parents' first child. Her marriage took place before the charter dated 12 Oct 1254 under which "Philippine fille d'Aymar de Poitiers comte du Valentinois, épouse de Bertrand de Baux d'Avellin" confirmed the payment of her dowry by her father[438]. The testament of "Aimarus de Pictavia Comes Valentinensis filius quondam domini Guillelmi de Pictavia comitis Valent.", dated 20 Apr and 6 May 1277, leaves bequests to "…Philippam filiam suam uxorem domini Bertrandi domini de Baucio…Margaritam filiam suam uxorem Rotgerii de Clairiaco…Guillelmetum filium suum quem habuit ex ipsa domina Alixente"[439].

m secondly (before 26 Nov 1283) as her second husband, AGATHE de Mévouillon, widow of SICARD [III] Aleman, daughter of RAYMOND de Mévouillon & his wife Beatrix [Comtesson] [de Genève] (-after 16 Nov 1313). "Béatrix de Mévouillon dame de Visan, veuve de Sicard Aleman le vieux" and “Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin en sa qualité de mari d’Agathe de Mévouillon sœur de Béatrix” acknowledged receiving the sale price “du château de Saint-Sulpice” by charter dated 26 Nov 1283[440]. "Bertrand de Baux...seigneur de Baux, comte d’Avellin" sold rights in Arles and Trinquetaille to the archbishop of Aix, promising that "Agathe son épouse" would ratify the agreement (which she died by charter dated 8 Oct 1300), by charter dated 25 Sep 1300[441]. Dame de Caromb: "Agathe veuve de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin" ordered “la communauté d’Aulan” to pay “les décimes au prieur de Notre-Dame de Mévouillon”, dated at Caromb 25 Sep 1305, 19 Dec 1306, 4 Oct 1307, and 24 Nov 1307[442]. "Agathe de Baux dame de Caromb veuve de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin et Agout de Baux son fils" donated “aux cardinaux du Comtat” their rights “dans le territoire de Caromb sur la fontaine...Fons d’Alps” by charter dated 16 Nov 1313[443].

Bertrand & his first wife had two children:

1. RAYMOND de Baux (-killed in battle Grusans 1321). A charter dated 1300 records the emancipation of "Raymond de Baux I par son père Bertrand comte d’Avellin"[444]. A charter dated 1303 records that "Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin", due to financial difficulties, granted “tout ce qu’il tient de l’église de Marseille” to “son fils Raymond” provided he gave dowries “à ses deux filles et de nourrir les deux fils qu’il a de son second mariage”[445]. Seigneur de Baux. Conte di Avellino. "Raymond de Baux I comte d’Avellin" ordered an enquiry “au château d’Aubagne” into the affairs of Cuges by charter dated 22 Jul 1304[446]. Seneschal of Provence. Regent of Naples and Sicily 1295. m firstly (contract 11 Apr 1274) JEANNE Britaud de Nangis, daughter of JEAN Britaud Seigneur de Nangis Constable of the kingdom of Sicily & his wife Marguerite ---. The marriage contract between “nobilis vir Iohannes Bertaldus regni Siciliæ comestabulus et Francie paniceterius...filiam ipsius comestabuli” and “nobili viro Berterando domino Bauciii comiti Avellini...pro parte Raymundi filii sui” is dated 11 Apr 1274[447]. As Jean Britaud’s wife Marguerite was the mother of Jeanne’s older sister Philippa, and also survived her husband, she must have been Jeanne’s mother unless Jeanne was illegitimate. m secondly ETIENNETTE de Baux, daughter of RAYMOND de Baux Seigneur de Puyricard & his wife Eustachie Etendard (-after 26 Nov 1355). A charter dated 10 Mar/May 1321 records receipt of various sums by "Etiennette dame des Baux comtesse d’Avellin veuve de Raymond I et tutrice de son fils Hugues"[448]. Her parentage is indicated by the following document: "Hugues de Baux comte d’Avellin, avec l’autorisation d’Etiennette dame des Baux comtesse d’Avellin sa mère et tutrice" named as his proxy “Guillaume de Baux seigneur de Puyricard et d’Eguilles son oncle” to govern his lands by charter dated 22 Jun 1324[449]. "Etiennette de Baux comtesse d’Avellin" exchanged property with the priory des Baux by charter dated 8 Jun 1335[450]. "Robert seigneur de Baux, de Puyricard et comte d’Avellin" sold “les revenus des salins de la mergue Baucenque”, with the consent of “Etiennette de Baux dame de Baux et comtesse d’Avellin son aïeule”, by charter dated 4 May 1353[451]. "Raymond de Baux II seigneur des Baux et comte d’Avellin, héritier universel de Raymond de Baux III seigneur de Puyricard" sold “les revenus du péage de Meyrargues, en qualité d’héritier de Raymond”, with the consent of “Etiennette son aïeule, par ses frères Antoine prévôt de la Major, et François, et par Phanète leur sœur”, by charter dated 26 Nov 1355[452]. Raymond & his second wife had four children:

a) HUGUES de Baux (-murdered Gaeta 1351). Seigneur de Baux. Conte di Avellino. A charter dated 10 Mar/May 1321 records receipt of various sums by "Etiennette dame des Baux comtesse d’Avellin veuve de Raymond I et tutrice de son fils Hugues"[453].

- see below.

b) PHILIPPINE de Baux (-[12 Dec 1371/31 Jul 1372], bur Saint-Chely). A charter dated 5 Mar 1326 records receipt of dowry of "noble Philippine de Baux d’Avellin" given by “Garin de Châteauneuf” to “Hugues de Baux comte d’Avellin son bneau-frère”[454]. "Philippine de Baux dame d’Apchier" wrote “au bailli de La Cadière” concerning land granted by “feu Hugues de Baux comte d’Avellin son frère” to “Jacques Fustier”, dated 26 Nov 1351[455]. Her husband, under his 1 Feb 1364 testament cited above, acknowledged having received “en dot de Philipe de Baux (de Baussio) sa femme” which he bequeathed to her for life (with details of her properties), appointed “lad Philipe de Baussio sa femme tutrice desd Guerin et Raymond impuberibus ses petits fils (nepotibus)”, and named as executors “lad Philipe de Baussio sa femme…le Seigneur (dominum) Ranconem de Rupeforti chevalier (militem)…“, ordering them in particular to execute the last wishes of “dominam Jaucerandam sa mere et…ledit Guerin (Garinchum) son fils dans leur dernier testament”[456]. Europäische Stammtafeln records her testament dated 12 Dec 1371[457]. She was not named in her husband’s 31 Jul 1372 testament, which also records her place of burial, so she died before that date. m ([5 Mar 1326]) GUERIN [VI] d’Apchier Seigneur d'Apchier, son of GUERIN [V] Seigneur d’Apchier & his second wife Gausserande de Narbonne ([1304]-after 1374).

c) ALIX de Baux (-after 1365). Courcelles records her parentage, marriage, marriage contract date (although he names her mother “Etiennette l’Etendard”, presumably an error), and events dated 1365 in which she was involved (no source citations)[458]. m ([21 Jun 1323]) FOULQUES d'Agoult Baron de Sault, son of RAYMOND [III] d’Agoult Seigneur de Sault & his first wife Consoline de Fos ([1302]-1375).

d) SIBYLLE de Baux (-before 16 May 1361, bur Marseille, église des Franciscains). The testament of "Dominus Jacobus de Sabaudia Princeps Achayæ filius et hæres…Domini Philippi de Sabaudia Principis Achayæ quondam" dated 16 May 1366 names "Philippum eius filium, quem suscepit a D. Sibilla de Baucio eius conjuge…"[459]. The primary source which confirms her parentage more precisely has not been identified. m (contract 9 Jun 1339) as his second wife, JACQUES de Savoie Signore di Piemonte titular Prince of Achaia, son of PHILIPPE de Savoie Prince of Achaia & his second wife Catherine de Viennois ([6/16] Jan 1315-Pinerolo 14 May 1367).

2. HUGUES de Baux (-murdered Milan 1302). His parentage is confirmed by the 3 Apr 1301 charter quoted below under his wife. Signore di Lauro. Neapolitan seneschal of Piemonte and Vicar-General of Lombardy. m (before 3 Apr 1301) as her first husband, CECILE de Sabran, daughter of ERMENGAUD de Sabran Conte di Ariano & his first wife Laudune d’Albe de Roquemartine (-[1306/20 Aug 1310]). Charles II King of Sicily approved the mortgage of "la terre de Lauro" agreed by "Hugues de Baux et son père Bertrand comte d’Avellin" with “Ermengaud de Sabran comte d’Ariano” to guarantee the dowry of “Cécile de Sabran sa fille, récemment mariée à Hugues de Baux”, by charter dated 3 Apr 1301[460]. A charter dated 1303 records "Cécile de Sabran veuve d’Hugues de Baux, fils de Bertrand comte d’Avellin" receiving “l’assignation de son douaire...sur le château de Lauro”[461]. She married secondly (1303) Guillaume Bollard, Grand Marshal of the kingdom of Sicily: a charter dated 5 May 1306 records that "Mathieur de Gesualdo" had bought “[le] château de Castiglione” from “Cécile de Sabran, épouse de Guillaume Bollard, maréchal du royaume de Sicile”, against which was assigned the dower of “la dite Cécile, veuve d’Hugues de Baux d’Avellin son premier mari”[462]. After the complaint of "Elzéar de Sabran comte d’Ariano", Robert King of Sicily ordered the restoration of gold and jewels “donnés en dot par feu son père Ermengaud à feu Cécile de Sabran sa sœur” when she married “le chevalier Guillaume Bollard maréchal de Sicile” and also gold from the dower granted to Cécile “par Hugues de Baux d’Avellin son premier mari sur les revenus du château de Castiglione” by charter dated 20 Aug 1311[463].

Bertrand & his second wife had five children:

3. BARRAL de Baux (-before 26 Nov 1331). “Barral de Baux fils et héritier de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin” named a proxy to confirm the sale “des eaux des Alps” to the Pope by "sa mère Agathe de Baux" by charter dated 30 Nov 1313[464]. Signore di Loreto. He is named as deceased in the 26 Nov 1331 charter of his wife. m ALTEGRINIA di Luco, daughter of ---. Robert King of Sicily decided in favour of "Altegrinia de Luco veuve de Barral de Baux d’Avellin" who claimed that her dower was reduced by her husband exchanging “[le] château de Loreto” resulting in “son fils aîné Jacques héritier de son père” being unable to pay her pension in full, by charter dated 26 Nov 1331[465]. Barral & his wife had one child:

a) JACQUES de Baux (-after 26 Nov 1331). Robert King of Sicily decided in favour of "Altegrinia de Luco veuve de Barral de Baux d’Avellin" who claimed that her dower was reduced by her husband exchanging “[le] château de Loreto” resulting in “son fils aîné Jacques héritier de son père” being unable to pay her pension in full, by charter dated 26 Nov 1331[466]. Jacques presumably died soon after this date as his paternal aunt Cécile is called his father’s heir in her 20 Apr 1335 charter quoted below.

4. AGOUT de Baux (-[6 Jan/17 May] 1346). "Agathe de Baux dame de Caromb veuve de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin et Agout de Baux son fils" donated “aux cardinaux du Comtat” their rights “dans le territoire de Caromb sur la fontaine...Fons d’Alps” by charter dated 16 Nov 1313[467]. Seigneur de Caromb. Seneschal of Beaucaire, Nîmes, Toulouse and Albi. French Captain-General in Languedoc. The testament of “Agout de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians fils de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, dated 9 May 1340, acknowledged having received dowry of "Catherine son épouse des mains de Guillaume Artaud son beau-frère" and payments "qu’il avait aliénés pour donner à Barral de Baux son frère lorsqu’il partit pour l’Italie", bequeathed "à sa femme tous ses droits sur les châteaux de la Rochete et Alanson", named "Bertrand de Baux son fils" as his universal heir, successively substituting “s’il n’a point d’enfant de son mariage avec Catherine de Baux fille de Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Courtheson, son autre fils Raymond...son autre fils Louis...son autre fils Dragonet de Baux...Amiel son fils...ses filles Agathe et Cécile...Bertrand de Budos son neveu...Louis de Poitiers comtes des Valentinois et Diois”[468]. He is named as deceased in the 17 May 1346 charters of his son Bertrand, quoted below. m (before Aug 1321) CATHERINE Artaud d’Aix, daughter of HUGUES d’Aix Seigneur de Bellegarde & his wife Alix de Châteauneuf (-[30 May 1372/25 Feb 1374]). The testament of “Agout de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians fils de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, dated 9 May 1340, acknowledged having received dowry of "Catherine son épouse des mains de Guillaume Artaud son beau-frère" and bequeathed "à sa femme tous ses droits sur les châteaux de la Rochete et Alanson"[469]. “Catherine Artaud veuve d’Agout de Baux d’Avellin, seigneur de Brantes et Plaisians, et héritière des droits achetés par son mari des seigneurs de Sault sur la Roche-sur-Buis, et la seigneurie d’Alauzon” confirmed their privileges to her vassals by charter dated 14 Sep 1346[470]. The 25 Feb 1374 charter of her son Amiel, quoted below, records that she was deceased at the time and notes the grant she made 30 May 1372 to her son. Agout & his wife had eight children:

a) BERTRAND de Baux dit de Courthezon (-after 24 Aug 1375). The testament of “Agout de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians fils de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, dated 9 May 1340, named "Bertrand de Baux son fils" as his universal heir[471]. Seigneur de Brantes: "Bertrand de Baux d’Avellin seigneur de Brantes, héritier de son père Agout de Baux" declared having received dowry payments for “son épouse Catherine de Baux fille de Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Courtheson” by two charters dated 17 May 1346[472]. Seigneur de Caromb. The testament of “Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin”, dated 21 Aug 1367, named as universal heir ”l’enfant qui naîtra de sa femme Jeanne Roger de Beaufort fille du vicomte de Turenne...si elle accouche d’un fils”, substituting successively “Antoine de Baux son frère prévôt de l’église de Marseille...François de Baux son autre frère...Amelin de Baux son oncle...Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Brantes son oncle...son cousin Guillaume de Baux seigneur de Marignane”[473]. The testament of “Bertrandus de Baucio miles dominus castrorum de Brantulis et Carombo”, dated 24 Aug 1375, bequeathed property to “Alziazio nepoti meo vicecomiti Utesiæ” and appointed “Helisiam de Baucio neptem meam filiam...Raymundi domini quondam Baucii et comitis Avelini” as his heir, naming “Raimundum de Belloforti militem filium...domini Guillelmi Rogerii de Belloforti vicecomitis Turenæ...liberos procreatos...ex...domino Ludovico de Pictavia comite Valentin. et ex...Cecilia de Belloforti uxore eiusdem domini Ludovici” as successive substitutes in case she died childless[474]. m (contract 5 Apr 1336, [4 May] 1336) CATHERINE de Baux Dame de Courthezon, daughter of BERTRAND [V] de Baux Seigneur de Courthezon & his wife Marguerite de Baux (-[1392/94]). The marriage contract between "Bertrand de Baux d’Avellin fils d’Agout de Baux chevalier seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians" and “Catherine de Baux fille de Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Courtheson” is dated 5 Apr 1336[475]. Dauphin Humbert approved “Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Courthezon” requesting the grant “du château de Gaudissart et l’assignation de la dot...faite à Catherine sa fille par son mari Bertrand de Baux, fils aîné d’Agout seigneur de Brantes et Plaisians, sur les revenus des châteaux qui lui ont été donnés par son père”, by charter dated 4 May 1336[476]. The testament of “Agout de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians fils de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, dated 9 May 1340, named "Bertrand de Baux son fils" as his universal heir, successively substituting “s’il n’a point d’enfant de son mariage avec Catherine de Baux fille de Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Courtheson...”[477]. "Bertrand de Baux d’Avellin seigneur de Brantes, héritier de son père Agout de Baux" declared having received dowry payments for “son épouse Catherine de Baux fille de Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Courtheson” by two charters dated 17 May 1346[478]. The following documents show the dispute about the succession to Catherine’s father’s properties: "Raymond de Baux V prince d’Orange" and “le...procureur de Catherine de Baux fille de feu Bertrand seigneur de Courtheson” submitted their disagreement to arbitration by charter dated 16 Nov 1347[479], while a charter dated 27 Mar 1348 records "anciennes discussions entre feus Raymond IV prince d’Orange et Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Courtheson...continuées entre Raymond V son fils et Catherine de Baux fille et héritière de Bertrand de Courtheson", who claimed to succeed her father “suivant la coutume du pays”, while the prince of Orange said that she could not succeed “d’après les conditions de l’inféodation du fief de Courtheson”, and the revolt instigated by the prince of Orange at Courthezon which was captured[480]. The dispute lasted years, as shown by a series charters in 1366, culminating in Raymond [V] Prince of Orange capturing Courthezon and imprisoning Catherine, in disobedience of orders from Jeanne Queen of Sicily, and by a bull of Pope Urban V dated 13 Dec 1369 ordering Catherine’s reinstatement[481].

b) RAYMOND de Baux “de Malaucène” ([1328/29]-after 8 Jan 1390). The testament of “Agout de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians fils de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, dated 9 May 1340, named "Bertrand de Baux son fils" as his universal heir, successively substituting “...son autre fils Raymond...son autre fils Louis...son autre fils Dragonet de Baux...Amiel son fils...ses filles Agathe et Cécile...Bertrand de Budos son neveu...”[482]. The testament of “François de Baux seigneur d’Aubagne”, dated 8 Sep 1381, named as his heir “sa femme si elle est enceinte...[substituant] Raymondet de Baux fils d’Agout...Gaston de Béarn comte de Foix”[483]. “Catherine de Baux dame de Courtheson et de Gaudissart” granted “[le] château de Gaudissart” to “Raymond de Baux seigneur de Saint-Clérin, fils de noble Agout de Baux de Malaucène son cousin” by charter dated 26 Oct 1387[484]. “Catherine Gautelmi dame de Baudinard” acknowledged receipt of payment by “Raymond de Vénasque seigneur de Pernes, procureur du chevalier Raymond de Baux de Malaucène fils et héritier d’Agout de Baux damoiseau de Malaucène” for the dowry of “feu Baucie de Baux sa mère”, in the presence of “Blacas de Pontevès seigneur du lieu, et de Bertrand de Vénasque son fils”, by charter dated 8 Jan 1390[485].

c) LOUIS de Baux (-after 9 May 1340). The testament of “Agout de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians fils de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, dated 9 May 1340, named "Bertrand de Baux son fils" as his universal heir, successively substituting “...son autre fils Raymond...son autre fils Louis...son autre fils Dragonet de Baux...Amiel son fils...ses filles Agathe et Cécile...Bertrand de Budos son neveu...”[486].

d) DRAGONNET de Baux ([1327/28]-1362 or after). The testament of “Agout de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians fils de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, dated 9 May 1340, named "Bertrand de Baux son fils" as his universal heir, successively substituting “...son autre fils Raymond...son autre fils Louis...son autre fils Dragonet de Baux...Amiel son fils...ses filles Agathe et Cécile...Bertrand de Budos son neveu...”[487]. Seigneur de Villefranche: "Dragonet de Baux seigneur de Villefranche, fils et héritier d’Agout" swore allegiance to “Gulllaume de Verger lieutenant du prince Charles” by charter dated 3 Jun 1360[488].

e) AMIEL de Baux (-after 22 Apr 1374). The testament of “Agout de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians fils de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, dated 9 May 1340, named "Bertrand de Baux son fils" as his universal heir, successively substituting “...son autre fils Raymond...son autre fils Louis...son autre fils Dragonet de Baux...Amiel son fils...ses filles Agathe et Cécile...Bertrand de Budos son neveu...”[489]. The testament of “Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin”, dated 21 Aug 1367, named as universal heir ”l’enfant qui naîtra de sa femme Jeanne Roger de Beaufort fille du vicomte de Turenne...si elle accouche d’un fils”, substituting successively “Antoine de Baux son frère prévôt de l’église de Marseille...François de Baux son autre frère...Amelin de Baux son oncle...Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Brantes son oncle...son cousin Guillaume de Baux seigneur de Marignane”[490]. Seigneur de Caromb: “Amiel de Baux seigneur de Caromb” declared the grant made to him 31 May 1372 by ”feue Catherine Artaud sa mère”, citing also her 12 Apr 1350 charter which granted him property, and was accorded possession “du château de la Roche-sur-le-Buis”, by charter dated 25 Feb 1374[491]. Seneschal of Beaucaire and Nîmes. The testament of “Amédée de Baux d’Avellin seigneur de Caromb et de la Roche, sénéchal de Nîmes et de Beaucaire”, dated 22 Apr 1374, named as heir ”l’enfant à naître de sa femme Isabelle de Linières, si elle est enceinte”, substituting “Raymond de Baux V prince d’Orange...son neveu Auzias vicomte d’Uzès...Alix de Baux fille de feu Raymond II comte d’Avellin”, specifically excluding “son frère Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians”[492]. m ISABELLE de Linières, daughter of --- (-after 22 Apr 1374). The testament of “Amédée de Baux d’Avellin seigneur de Caromb et de la Roche, sénéchal de Nîmes et de Beaucaire”, dated 22 Apr 1374, named as heir ”l’enfant à naître de sa femme Isabelle de Linières, si elle est enceinte”[493].

f) AGATHE de Baux (-[after 6 Aug 1360?]). The testament of “Agout de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians fils de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, dated 9 May 1340, named "Bertrand de Baux son fils" as his universal heir, successively substituting “...son autre fils Raymond...son autre fils Louis...son autre fils Dragonet de Baux...Amiel son fils...ses filles Agathe et Cécile...Bertrand de Budos son neveu...”[494]. Her marriage is indicated by the following document: “Decan vicomte d’Uzès fils de feu Robert” bought "une rente...sur le droit de leyde et le péage du Buis" from “son beau-frère Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Brantes et Plaisians” by charter dated 6 Aug 1360[495]. m (before 1359) DECAN Vicomte d'Uzès, son of ROBERT [I] Vicomte d'Uzès & his second wife Guyotte de Posquières Dame de Bellegarde et de Broussan (-[1371/22 Apr 1374]).

g) CECILE de Baux (-before 1352). The testament of “Agout de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians fils de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, dated 9 May 1340, named "Bertrand de Baux son fils" as his universal heir, successively substituting “...son autre fils Raymond...son autre fils Louis...son autre fils Dragonet de Baux...Amiel son fils...ses filles Agathe et Cécile...Bertrand de Budos son neveu...”[496]. Europäische Stammtafeln records her marriage[497]. m ([22 Mar 1344]) as his first wife, BERMOND d’Anduze Seigneur de Saint-Martin, son of GUILLAUME d’Anduze Seigneur de Saint-Martin & his wife Matheline de Blacas (-after 13 May 1370).

h) BAUCIE de Baux ([9 May 1340/1346]-before 8 Jan 1390). She was not named in her father’s 9 May 1340 testament so was presumably born after that date. “Catherine Gautelmi dame de Baudinard” acknowledged receipt of payment by “Raymond de Vénasque seigneur de Pernes, procureur du chevalier Raymond de Baux de Malaucène fils et héritier d’Agout de Baux damoiseau de Malaucène” for the dowry of “feu Baucie de Baux sa mère”, in the presence of “Blacas de Pontevès seigneur du lieu, et de Bertrand de Vénasque son fils”, by charter dated 8 Jan 1390[498]. m --- Gautelmi de Baudinard, son of ---.

5. SIBYLLE de Baux (-1360). The testament of "Béatrix d’Avellin veuve de Guy baron de Montauban", dated 1324, bequeathed property to “sa fille Anne de Viennois princesse d’Orange...sa sœur Sibylle épouse d’Aymar IV Comte de Valentinois”[499]. Her marriage and family origin are confirmed by a charter dated May 1329 which records that "Ademarus comes et Ademarus eius filius", with the consent of "Sibilia de Baucio uxore dicti Ademari iunioris et Ludovico de Pictavia milite dictorum coniugium filio", donated "castra sua Pivacii, Boloniæ, Barrii et S. Vincentii de Barro, Vivariensis diocesis" to "Guichardo [de Pictavia filii dicti Ademari iunioris]…in minori ætate"[500]. m as his second wife, AYMAR [V] de Poitiers, son of AYMAR [IV] de Poitiers Comte de Valentinois et de Diois & his first wife Hippolyte de Bourgogne dame de Saint-Vallier (-Baix-en-Vivarais [27 Sep 1339/8 Jan 1340], bur Crest Franciscan Monastery). He succeeded his father in 1329 as Comte de Valentinois et de Diois.

6. BEATRIX de Baux “Contessone” (-[1324/14 Apr 1328]). Her family origin and marriage are indicated by the following document: "Alasacie de Lambesc abbesse de Saint-Césaire d’Arles" accepted the homage of “Jean dauphin de Viennois” for “les châteaux de Vinsobres, Mirabel et Nyons”, reserving rights assigned “en dot à Béatrix d’Avellin épouse de noble Guy dauphin seigneur de Montauban frère de Jean”, by charter dated 7 Aug 1309[501]. A charter dated 31 Jan 1317 records an agreement between "Jean II dauphin-viennois" and “Béatrix de Baux d’Avellin sa belle-sœur, veuve de Guy de Montauban” concerning her dower[502]. The testament of "Béatrix d’Avellin veuve de Guy baron de Montauban", dated 1324, bequeathed property to “sa fille Anne de Viennois princesse d’Orange...sa sœur Sibylle épouse d’Aymar IV Comte de Valentinois”[503]. She died before 11 Apr 1328, the date of the charter which names her daughter. m GUIGUES de Viennois Seigneur de Montauban, son of HUMBERT de la Tour du Pin et de Coligny, Dauphin de Viennois & his wife Anne Dauphine de Viennois [Bourgogne-Capet] (-Pont-de-Sorgues-en-Provence [23/31] Jan 1317, bur Saint-André de Grenoble).

7. CECILE de Baux dite Rascassia ([1303/04?]-after 9 Mar 1342). The charter dated 1303, quoted above, indicates that Bertrand de Baux had two daughters by his second marriage. This suggests that his third daughter (Cécile?) was born after that date. Dame de Loriol. Dame de Caromb et de Bédouin. "Cécile de Baux alias Rascassia dame de Budos et des châteaux de Caromb et Bédouin, fille de feu Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Baux comte d’Avellin, et héritière de son frère Barral de Baux" requested homage from “chaque noble ou roturier” as done by her predecessors by charter dated 20 Apr 1335[504]. A charter dated 3 May 1335, recording homage to "Cécile de Baux" by inhabitants of Caromb and Bédouin, notes that the two castles were assigned “en dot par son frère Barral de Baux...lors de son mariage avec Raymond-Guillaume seigneur de Budos” and, after the latter died, passed to “Raymond-Guillaume fils aîné et pupille de Cécile de Baux” and that “Bertrand de Budos, fils cadet, devenu héritier de son frère” returned them to his mother[505]. m (before 21 Oct 1314) RAYMOND GUILLAUME Seigneur de Budos, son of --- (-before 20 Apr 1335). Two children:

a) RAYMOND GUILLAUME de Budos (-[30 Apr/3 May] 1335). Seigneur de Budos et de Loriol. "[Les] nobles de Loriol" swore homage to “[les] frères Raymond-Guillaume et Bertrand, seigneurs de Budos et de Loriol, fils de feu Raymond-Guillaume et de Cécile de Baux...” by charter dated 30 Apr 1335[506]. He is recorded as deceased in the 3 May 1335 charter of his mother and younger brother.

b) BERTRAND de Budos . Seigneur de Budos et de Loriol. "[Les] nobles de Loriol" swore homage to “[les] frères Raymond-Guillaume et Bertrand, seigneurs de Budos et de Loriol, fils de feu Raymond-Guillaume et de Cécile de Baux...” by charter dated 30 Apr 1335[507]. A charter dated 3 May 1335, recording homage to "Cécile de Baux" by inhabitants of Caromb and Bédouin, notes that the two castles were assigned “en dot par son frère Barral de Baux...lors de son mariage avec Raymond-Guillaume seigneur de Budos” and, after the latter died, passed to “Raymond-Guillaume fils aîné et pupille de Cécile de Baux” and that “Bertrand de Budos, fils cadet, devenu héritier de son frère” returned them to his mother[508]. The testament of “Agout de Baux seigneur de Brantes et de Plaisians fils de Bertrand de Baux comte d’Avellin”, dated 9 May 1340, named "Bertrand de Baux son fils" as his universal heir, successively substituting “...Bertrand de Budos son neveu...”[509].

HUGUES de Baux, son of RAYMOND de Baux Conte di Avellino & his second wife Etiennette de Baux (-murdered Gaeta 1351). Seigneur des Baux. Conte di Avellino. A charter dated 10 Mar/May 1321 records receipt of various sums by "Etiennette dame des Baux comtesse d’Avellin veuve de Raymond I et tutrice de son fils Hugues"[510]. "Hugues de Baux comte d’Avellin, avec l’autorisation d’Etiennette dame des Baux comtesse d’Avellin sa mère et tutrice" named as his proxy “Guillaume de Baux seigneur de Puyricard et d’Eguilles son oncle” to govern his lands by charter dated 22 Jun 1324[511]. Seneschal of Provence and Forcalquier 1334. Grand Admiral of Naples 1347. He rebelled against Jeanne I Queen of Sicily, took her and her husband to Gaeta, ostensibly to protect them from Lajos I King of Hungary who had invaded Naples to avenge the death of his brother. On returning to Naples, he forced the Queen's sister to marry his son. He was murdered by Louis of Sicily Principe di Taranto on returning to Gaeta[512]. His testament was dated 24 May 1350 (see below under the 12 Feb 1357 (O.S.) charter of his daughter Etiennette). He is named as deceased in the 26 Nov 1351 charter of his sister Philippine, quoted above.

m (before 23 May 1332) JEANNE d'Apchier, daughter of GUERIN [V] Seigneur d’Apchier & his second wife Gausserande de Narbonne (-after 23 Jun 1349, bur Marseille Franciscan church). A charter dated 23 May 1332 records the "assignation de la dot de Jeanne d’Apchier épouse d’Hugues de Baux comte d’Avellin", including ratification by her of promises made by “son frère Garin de Châteauneuf seigneur d’Apchier” to her husband[513]. The testament of "domina Johanna de Aptcherio consors...Hugonis domini Baucii et comitis Avellini", dated 23 Jun 1349, chose burial “in ecclesia beati Ludovici de Massilia”, bequeathed property to "Phanete de Baucio...filie sue...Raymundo de Baucio suo filio...Anthonio de Baucio filio suo...Francesco de Baucio filio suo...domine Stephane de Baucio" and named “Robertum de Baucio...filium suum“ as her heir[514]. Her place of burial is confirmed by the 21 Aug 1367 testament of her son Raymond [II], quoted below.

Hugues & his wife had six children:

1. ANTOINE de Baux (-after 17 May 1374, bur Montpaon, transferred to Silvacane). Jeanne Queen of Sicily granted "l’église et prieuré de Saint-Jérusalem de Piscaria" to “Antoine de Baux clerc d’Arles, prieur de Saint-Nicolas de Barone et fils d’Hugues de Baux II comte d’Avellin” by charter dated 4 Jul 1348[515]. The testament of "domina Johanna de Aptcherio consors...Hugonis domini Baucii et comitis Avellini", dated 23 Jun 1349, bequeathed property to "Phanete de Baucio...filie sue...Raymundo de Baucio suo filio...Anthonio de Baucio filio suo...Francesco de Baucio filio suo...domine Stephane de Baucio" and named “Robertum de Baucio...filium suum“ as her heir[516]. Seigneur d'Aubagne. Canon at Marseille and Bari. "Raymond de Baux II seigneur des Baux et comte d’Avellin, héritier universel de Raymond de Baux III seigneur de Puyricard" sold “les revenus du péage de Meyrargues, en qualité d’héritier de Raymond”, with the consent of “Etiennette son aïeule, par ses frères Antoine prévôt de la Major, et François, et par Phanète leur sœur”, by charter dated 26 Nov 1355[517]. The testament of “Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin”, dated 21 Aug 1367, named as universal heir ”l’enfant qui naîtra de sa femme Jeanne Roger de Beaufort fille du vicomte de Turenne...si elle accouche d’un fils”, substituting successively “Antoine de Baux son frère prévôt de l’église de Marseille...François de Baux son autre frère...Amelin de Baux son oncle...Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Brantes son oncle...son cousin Guillaume de Baux seigneur de Marignane”[518]. Conte di Avellino: the testament of “Antoine de Baux comte d’Avellin, fils de feu Hugues de Baux”, dated 17 May 1374, chose burial “dans sa chapelle de Montpaon...une année entière, après...transporté dans l’église du monastère de Silvacane”, and named “son frère François de Baux” as his universal heir[519].

2. ROBERT de Baux (-murdered château de l’Œuf Summer 1353). The testament of "domina Johanna de Aptcherio consors...Hugonis domini Baucii et comitis Avellini", dated 23 Jun 1349, named “Robertum de Baucio...filium suum“ as her heir[520]. His father forced the Queen's sister to marry him. Seigneur des Baux. Conte di Avellino. "Robert seigneur de Baux, de Puyricard et comte d’Avellin" sold “les revenus des salins de la mergue Baucenque”, with the consent of “Etiennette de Baux dame de Baux et comtesse d’Avellin son aïeule”, by charter dated 4 May 1353[521]. He was captured by Louis of Sicily Principe di Taranto, imprisoned at the château de l’Œuf and murdered on the orders of his wife in her presence while still in prison[522]. m (1348) as her second husband, MARIE of Naples, widow of CHARLES di Durazzo Duke of Durazzo, daughter of CHARLES of Sicily Duca di Calabria & his second wife Marie de Valois (posthumously Naples [mid-May] 1329-Naples 20 May 1366, bur Naples Santa Chiara). After her first husband died, she sought refuge with Pope Clement VI at Avignon. Returning to Naples she lived in the château de l’Œuf, from where she was abducted once more by Ugo del Balzo and forced to marry his son. She was rescued by Lajos King of Hungary, and her second husband imprisoned at the château de l’Œuf. She married thirdly (1355) as his first wife, Philippe di Taranto.

3. RAYMOND de Baux (-1372, bur Marseille Franciscan church). The testament of "domina Johanna de Aptcherio consors...Hugonis domini Baucii et comitis Avellini", dated 23 Jun 1349, bequeathed property to "Phanete de Baucio...filie sue...Raymundo de Baucio suo filio...Anthonio de Baucio filio suo...Francesco de Baucio filio suo...domine Stephane de Baucio"[523]. Conte di Avellino, Seigneur des Baux, Seigneur de Puyricard: "Raymond de Baux II seigneur des Baux et comte d’Avellin, héritier universel de Raymond de Baux III seigneur de Puyricard" declared, being more than 14 but less than 25 years old, he had the right to agree contracts without a guardian and therefore sold “les revenus du péage de Meyrargues, en qualité d’héritier de Raymond”, paying part of the sale price to repay a debt incurred by “son père Hugues”, with the consent of “Etiennette son aïeule, par ses frères Antoine prévôt de la Major, et François, et par Phanète leur sœur”, by charter dated 26 Nov 1355[524]. "Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin" donated “des revenus du château de Saint-Marcel...” for the marriage of “sa sœur Phanete de Baux avec Guibert Terrici” by charter dated 19 Nov 1356[525]. "Raymond de Baux II seigneur des Baux, comte d’Avellin" ordered “Guibert Terrici son châtelain et bailli de Saint-Marcel” to appoint representatives to negotiate with him by charter dated 19 Apr 1357, the meeting taking place 23 Apr 1357[526]. A charter dated 10 Nov 1358 records the rebellion of "Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin" and the confiscation of his property[527]. Jeanne Queen of Sicily pardoned “Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin” for “tous les crimes, vols, incendies, invasions, homicides commis par lui et ses adhérents lors de sa rebellion contre l’autorité royale”, with restitution of "son titre de Comte et de tous les biens...”, by charter dated 20 Mar 1363[528]. “Raymond de Baux II seigneur de Baux comte d’Avellin, fils et héritier universel d’Hugues comte d’Avellin” sold properties to Marseille Saint-Victor, in repayment of a loan made by Pope Clement VI to his father in 1350, promising to obtain the consent of “son épouse et par Antoine prévôt de Marseille et François de Baux ses frères”, by charter dated 22 Jan 1365[529]. The testament of “Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin”, dated 21 Aug 1367, chose burial “dans l’église des frères mineurs de Marseille, au tombeau où sont ensevelis ses aïeux et sa mère”, bequeathed property to “Borguète sa fille bâtarde...Alix de Baux sa fille légitime”, named as universal heir ”l’enfant qui naîtra de sa femme Jeanne Roger de Beaufort fille du vicomte de Turenne...si elle accouche d’un fils”, substituting successively “Antoine de Baux son frère prévôt de l’église de Marseille...François de Baux son autre frère...Amelin de Baux son oncle...Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Brantes son oncle...son cousin Guillaume de Baux seigneur de Marignane”[530]. m (after Apr 1362) as her second husband, JEANNE Rogier de Beaufort, widow of LOUIS Comte de Forez, daughter of GUILLAUME [III] Rogier Vicomte de Turenne, Comte de Beaufort & his wife Eléonore de Comminges ([1351]-1404). The testament of “Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin”, dated 21 Aug 1367, named as universal heir ”l’enfant qui naîtra de sa femme Jeanne Roger de Beaufort fille du vicomte de Turenne...si elle accouche d’un fils”[531]. She married thirdly (contract 30 Jan 1375) as his first wife, Guy [II] de Chauvigny Seigneur de Châteauroux, Vicomte de Brosse. The marriage contract between “dominum Guidonem de Chauvigny militem Castri-Radulphi et vicecomitem de Brossa” and “Iohannam de Belloforti comitissam Avelini” is dated 30 Jan 1374 (O.S.?), recording that her father transferred her dowry from “Raymundo quondam domino Baucii et comiti Avellini” to her new husband[532]. A charter dated 28 Jan 1375 records the appointment of “Guillaume de Beaufort vicomte de Turenne,,,aïeul maternel” as guardian of “Jean et d’Alix de Baux, enfants de son gendre Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin”, because “Jeanne de Beaufort leur mère et tutrice” had lost her rights when she married again[533]. Raymond & his wife had two children:

a) ALIX de Baux ([1363/66]-[7/12] Oct 1426, bur Avignon). The testament of “Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin”, dated 21 Aug 1367, bequeathed property to “Borguète sa fille bâtarde...Alix de Baux sa fille légitime”[534]. Ctss di Avellino. Dame de Baux. The testament of “Bertrandus de Baucio miles dominus castrorum de Brantulis et Carombo”, dated 24 Aug 1375, bequeathed property to “Alziazio nepoti meo vicecomiti Utesiæ” and appointed “Helisiam de Baucio neptem meam filiam...Raymundi domini quondam Baucii et comitis Avelini” as his heir, naming “Raimundum de Belloforti militem filium...domini Guillelmi Rogerii de Belloforti vicecomitis Turenæ...liberos procreatos...ex...domino Ludovico de Pictavia comite Valentin. et ex...Cecilia de Belloforti uxore eiusdem domini Ludovici” as successive substitutes in case she died childless[535]. The marriage contract of “Raymond viconte de Turene...damoiselle Anthoinete de Turne sa fille” and “messire Iean le Mengre dict Bouciquaut mareschal de France”, dated 23 Dec 1393, records that “messire Odes de Villars et sa fame” had pledged their rights in “la baronie des Baux...” to “messire Raymond” who gave them to his daughter along with other specified rights[536]. “Alix de Baux comtesse d’Avellin et Odon de Villars” donated “leurs seigneuries de Brantes, Plaisians...de la baronnie d’Aubagne...” to “Philippe de Lévis neveu d’Odon et héritier d’Eléonore de Villars” by charter dated 4 Apr 1402[537]. A charter dated 15 Feb 1418 (N.S.) records a dispute between "Humbert seigneur de Villars et Isabelle d’Harcourt sa femme" and “Alix des Baux veuve d’Eudes de Villars” regarding “la terre d’Annonay”[538]. Ctss de Beaufort. Vicomtesse de Turenne. The testament of “Alis des Baux comtesse d’Avelin, Fribourg, Neuchâtel, Beaufort, vicomtesse de Turene”, dated 7 Aug 1426, bequeathed a debt due from “le Duc de Savoye” for the purchase of property given her by “feu monseigneur messire Ode de Vilars mon premier seigneur et mary” to “mon petit nepueu Iehan de Chalon fils de mon nepueu le Prince d’Orange”, her dower from “feu monseigneur le Comte de Fribourg mon second et dernier mary” to “mon nepueu messire Louis de Chalon Prince d’Orange” as well as a debt due from “le seigneur de Chauuigny comme fils et heritier de feu mon peyrastre messire Guy de Chauvigny” relating to the dower of “feu Madame ma mere”, and appointed “monseigneur Guillaume de Baux Duc d’Andrie, comme plus prochain que j’aye de lignage de par pere” as her universal heir (including with respect to property inherited from “feue...dame Antonie de Turene iadis comtesse de Beaufort, d’Alest, vicomtesse de Turene et mareschale de France”) with “messire Louis de Chalon mon nepueu Prince d’Orange” as substitute[539]. m firstly (before 1 Sep 1380) EUDES de Villars, son of JEAN de Villars Seigneur du Monteillier et de Belvoir & his wife Agnes de Montagu (-[18 Mar 1413/15 Feb 1418]). m secondly ([18 Mar 1413/Nov 1418]) as his second wife, KONRAD [IV] Graf von Freiburg, son of EGINO [III] Graf von Freiburg & his wife Verona de Neuchâtel (-16 Apr 1424).

b) JEAN de Baux ([22 Aug 1367/early 1368]-[28 Jan/13 Sep] 1375). The testament of “Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin”, dated 21 Aug 1367, named as universal heir ”l’enfant qui naîtra de sa femme Jeanne Roger de Beaufort fille du vicomte de Turenne...si elle accouche d’un fils”[540]. A charter dated 16 Feb 1373 relating to the guardianship notes that the child’s name was “Jean”[541]. A charter dated 28 Jan 1375 records the appointment of “Guillaume de Beaufort vicomte de Turenne,,,aïeul maternel” as guardian of “Jean et d’Alix de Baux, enfants de son gendre Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin”, because “Jeanne de Beaufort leur mère et tutrice” had lost her rights when she married again[542]. Jean presumably died before 13 Sep 1375 when his guardian approved the his sister’s succession to “Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Brantes et Caromb” (see above)[543]. Their cousin Amiel de Baux named Jean’s sister Alix as one of his substitute heirs in his 22 Apr 1374 testament (see above). Jean, as senior male representative of the Baux-Avellino family, would have been a more obvious choice even though he was still a minor. His absence from the document suggests that he may have been incapacitated in some way.

Raymond had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

c) BORGUETTE de Baux (-after 1426). The testament of “Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin”, dated 21 Aug 1367, bequeathed property to “Borguète sa fille bâtarde...Alix de Baux sa fille légitime”[544].

4. FRANÇOIS de Baux (-1390, bur Aubagne Saint-Sauveur). The testament of "domina Johanna de Aptcherio consors...Hugonis domini Baucii et comitis Avellini", dated 23 Jun 1349, bequeathed property to "Phanete de Baucio...filie sue...Raymundo de Baucio suo filio...Anthonio de Baucio filio suo...Francesco de Baucio filio suo...domine Stephane de Baucio"[545]. "Raymond de Baux II seigneur des Baux et comte d’Avellin, héritier universel de Raymond de Baux III seigneur de Puyricard" sold “les revenus du péage de Meyrargues, en qualité d’héritier de Raymond”, with the consent of “Etiennette son aïeule, par ses frères Antoine prévôt de la Major, et François, et par Phanète leur sœur”, by charter dated 26 Nov 1355[546]. The testament of “Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin”, dated 21 Aug 1367, named as universal heir ”l’enfant qui naîtra de sa femme Jeanne Roger de Beaufort fille du vicomte de Turenne...si elle accouche d’un fils”, substituting successively “Antoine de Baux son frère prévôt de l’église de Marseille...François de Baux son autre frère...Amelin de Baux son oncle...Bertrand de Baux seigneur de Brantes son oncle...son cousin Guillaume de Baux seigneur de Marignane”[547]. Seigneur d'Aubagne. The testament of “Antoine de Baux comte d’Avellin, fils de feu Hugues de Baux”, dated 17 May 1374, named “son frère François de Baux” as his universal heir[548]. The testament of “François de Baux seigneur d’Aubagne”, dated 8 Sep 1381, chose burial “dans l’église paroissiale Saint-Sauveur d’Aubagne”, bequeathed property to “Philippine de Vintimille son épouse dame de Verdière”, named as his heir “sa femme si elle est enceinte...[substituant] Raymondet de Baux fils d’Agout...Gaston de Béarn comte de Foix”[549]. m (before 1381) PHILIPPINE de Vintimille, daughter of --- (-[3 Nov 1390/17 Jan 1393]). The testament of “François de Baux seigneur d’Aubagne”, dated 8 Sep 1381, bequeathed property to “Philippine de Vintimille son épouse dame de Verdière”, named as his heir “sa femme si elle est enceinte...”[550]. A charter dated 26 Oct 1390 records that, as her husband died childless, “Philippine de Vintimille sa veuve et usufruitière” was appointed “gouvernante de la ville d’Aubagne”, confirmed by Marie Queen of Sicily by charter dated 3 Nov 1390[551]. Philippine presumably died before 17 Jan 1393 when her husband’s niece Alix is named “dame de la baronnie d’Aubagne”[552].

5. PHANETTE . The testament of "domina Johanna de Aptcherio consors...Hugonis domini Baucii et comitis Avellini", dated 23 Jun 1349, chose burial “in ecclesia beati Ludovici de Massilia”, bequeathed property to "Phanete de Baucio...filie sue...Raymundo de Baucio suo filio...Anthonio de Baucio filio suo...Francesco de Baucio filio suo...domine Stephane de Baucio" and named “Robertum de Baucio...filium suum“ as her heir[553]. "Raymond de Baux II seigneur des Baux et comte d’Avellin, héritier universel de Raymond de Baux III seigneur de Puyricard" sold “les revenus du péage de Meyrargues, en qualité d’héritier de Raymond”, with the consent of “Etiennette son aïeule, par ses frères Antoine prévôt de la Major, et François, et par Phanète leur sœur”, by charter dated 26 Nov 1355[554]. "Raymond de Baux II comte d’Avellin" donated “des revenus du château de Saint-Marcel...” for the marriage of “sa sœur Phanete de Baux avec Guibert Terrici” by charter dated 19 Nov 1356[555]. m ([19 Nov 1356]) GHIBERTO Terrici, son of ---.

6. ETIENNETTE de Baux (-[12 Jul 1259/Feb 1264], bur Salèges). The testament of "domina Johanna de Aptcherio consors...Hugonis domini Baucii et comitis Avellini", dated 23 Jun 1349, bequeathed property to "Phanete de Baucio...filie sue...Raymundo de Baucio suo filio...Anthonio de Baucio filio suo...Francesco de Baucio filio suo...domine Stephane de Baucio"[556]. Pope Innocent VI granted dispensation for the marriage of "Aymar de Roussillon chevalier" and "noble demoiselle Etiennette de Baux" despite their 4^o consanguinity, dated 14 Nov 1356[557]. The marriage contract between "Aymar sire de Roussillon et d‘Annonay" and "Etiennette de Baux fille de feu Hugues sire des Baux et comte d‘Avellino", with “Raymond des Baux comte d’Avellino” granting the dowry, dated 14 Nov 1356[558]. "Etiennette de Baux femme d’Aymar sire de Roussillon et d’Annonay" renounced her rights in the succession of “Robert des Baux leur frère et de Raymond des Baux seigneur de Puyricard et Atulée” in favour of "Raymond des Baux comte d’Avellino son frère", except for her legacies under the 24 May 1350 testament of “Hugues des Baux comte d’Avellino son père” and the 23 Jun 1349 testament of “Jeanne d’Apchier sa mère”, by charter dated 4 Feb 1356 (O.S.), her marriage act being dated the same day[559]. "Aymar sire de Roussillon" granted “le château d’Annonay...à titre viager” as dower to "sa femme Etiennette fille de Hugues des Baux comte d’Avellino" by charter dated 12 Jul 1359[560]. The charters quoted under her husband suggest that Etiennette died before his difficulties with Annonay. Her place of burial is indicated by the 10 Mar 1364 (O.S.) testament of her husband. m (Papal dispensation 14 Nov 1356, contract 18/20 Nov 1356, 4 Feb 1357) as his third wife, AYMAR Seigneur de Roussillon et d'Annonay, son of ARTAUD [V] Seigneur de Roussillon & his wife Alix de Poitiers/Valentinois (-after 10 Mar 1365).

G. CONTI di AVERSA

Aversa is a town just north of the city of Naples in the north-western part of the present-day Italian region of Campania. It was awarded as a county in 1029 to Rainulf "Drengot", a Norman mercenary, by Sergius IV Duke of Naples as a reward for helping to restore him to power in the duchy. The appointment was confirmed in 1038 by Emperor Konrad II, although by that time Rainulf had become the vassal of the prince of Salerno. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis and Amatus both record the arrival in southern Italy around the same time from Normandy of five brothers, Gilbert, Rainulf, Asclettin, Osmond and Rodolphe, who supported Melus in his rebellion in Apulia[561]. This expedition represented the first intervention of the Normans in the affairs of southern Italy. Orderic Vitalis records that one of the brothers, Osmond, was the first Norman to settle in southern Italy and that he was granted "oppidum" by "principe Beneventanorum", although the report is a little garbled on points of detail[562]. The county of Aversa was held by descendants of the brothers of Rainulf "Drengot". Richard Conte di Aversa conquered Capua in [1057] and installed himself as Prince of Capua, a position held by his descendants until they were expelled by Roger I King of Sicily in 1030. No reference has been found to the county after this date and it is assumed that it was subsumed into the principality of Capua. The descendants of Prince Richard are shown in the document SOUTHERN ITALY (1).

Five brothers from Normandy, parents not known:

1. RAINULF "Drengot" (-Jun 1045). The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Giselbertus…qui et Buttericus…[cum] quatuor fratribus suis, Rainulfo, Asclittino, Osmundo, atque Rodulfo" arrived in Capua (after Gilbert was banished from Normandy) where they joined "Melus", dated to [1015/16] from the context[563]. Originally recruited by Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno to fight the Byzantines, Amatus records that Rainulf was enfeoffed with Aversa by Sergius IV Duke of Naples and married the latter's sister as a reward for having helped restore him to power in 1029[564]. The Chronica Mon. Casinensis records "dehinc Sergius recuperata Neapoli, Rainulfum strenuum virum affinitate sibi coniunxit, et Aversæ illum comitem faciens"[565]. After his third marriage, he became the vassal of the Prince of Capua. In [1035] he turned to support Salerno. He was invested as Conte di Aversa by Emperor Konrad II in 1038, as vassal of the Prince of Salerno[566]. Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno installed him as Duke of Gaeta in 1041[567]. Amatus records that "the Normans…decided among themselves to place a count over them…and…chose William, son of Tancred" and after installing him as their count “went to the court of Prince Guaimar of Salerno” who they asked “to make Rainulf a count over them” who was "count of Aversa whom they had left behind when they went with Arduin in search of conquests"[568]. Amatus also records that Rainulf was at the same time given the city of Siponto and part of Monte Gargano as his fiefdom[569]. Duke of Gaeta: Amatus records that "Count Rainulf" was made "Duke of Gaeta", dated to [1043/44] from the context[570]. The necrology of San Benedetto di Capua records the death in Jun of Rainulf[571]. m firstly (1030) as her second husband, --- of Naples, widow of --- Duke of Gaeta, daughter of IOANNES IV Duke of Naples & his wife --- (-1034). Amatus records that Sergius IV Duke of Naples gave his sister, "recently widowed by the death of the Count of Gaeta", in marriage to Rainulf in return for helping him resume power in Naples from Pandulf IV Prince of Capua[572]. The Count (Duke) of Gaeta in question has not been identified. The Chronica Mon. Casinensis records "dehinc Sergius recuperata Neapoli, Rainulfum strenuum virum affinitate sibi coniunxit, et Aversæ illum comitem faciens"[573]. Amatus records her death soon after the marriage[574]. m secondly (1034) --- di Amalfi, daughter of SERGIUS III Duke of Amalfi & his wife Maria di Capua. Amatus records the marriage of Rainulf to "the Patrician of Amalfi's daughter, who was Prince Pandulf's niece [Pandulf IV Prince of Capua], as the Patrician's wife was Pandulf's sister"[575]. [m thirdly as her first husband, EMMA di Loritello, daughter of GODEFROI de Hauteville & his first wife ---. This marriage is recorded in Europäische Stammtafeln[576] but is improbable chronologically. Rainolf died in 1045, before Emma's father was first recorded in Italy. In any case, Emma could have been no more than an infant at the time of such a suggested marriage.]

2. ASCLETTIN (-before Jun 1045). The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Giselbertus…qui et Buttericus…[cum] quatuor fratribus suis, Rainulfo, Asclittino, Osmundo, atque Rodulfo" arrived in Capua (after Gilbert was banished from Normandy) where they joined "Melus", dated to [1015/16] from the context[577]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Richardus Anschetilli de Quadrellis filius...” among those who left Normandy and settled in Apulia[578]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Stephano autem, Melo et Petro nepotibus præfati Melo" were granted "comitatum Cominensis" (by Emperor Heinrich II) together with "in auxilium Normannos, Giselbertum, Gosmannum, Stigandum, Torstainum balbum, Gualterium de Canosa et Ugonem Falluccam, cum aliis decem et octo", dated to [1022] from the context[579]. Chalandon identifies these Normans as "Gilbert, Osmond, Asclettin, Toustain le Bègue, Gautier de Canisy et Hugues Falluca"[580]. Lord of Acerenza from early 1042: Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[581]. the Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[582]. m ---. The name of Asclettin's wife is not known. Asclettin & his wife had [four] children:

a) ASCLETTIN (-[Jul/Dec] 1045). The Chronica Mon. Casinensis records that "Asclittinus qui cognominatus est Comes iuvenis" succeeded Rainulf as Conte di Aversa[583]. Amatus records that "the Normans chose Asclettin, the son of Count Rainulf´s brother…an elegant youth", the choice being approved by Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno, but that "his death came too soon"[584]. His parentage is confirmed by a later passage in Amatus which records that "a man called Sarulus" held "the city of Genzano which has belonged to [Richard’s] brother Asclettin"[585].

b) RICHARD (-Apr 1078). Orderic Vitalis names “...Richardus Anschetilli de Quadrellis filius...” among those who left Normandy and settled in Apulia[586]. The Catalogus Principum Capuæ names "Riccardus comes de Aversa, primus princeps Normanus…filius Asclittini comitis"[587]. Amatus records that "Richard, the son of Asclettin…a young man" arrived in southern Italy, dated to [1046] from the context, that "his cousin Rainulf [Trincanocte]…asked Richard to leave" because he was too popular, and that Richard "went to his friend Humphrey, who was Drogo´s brother"[588]. Amatus records that "a man called Sarulus" held "the city of Genzano which has belonged to [Richard’s] brother Asclettin" and willingly granted it to Richard[589]. Amatus records that "Drogo seized Richard and imprisoned him", that "while Richard was in prison Count Rainulf of Aversa died" (dated to 1048), and that Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno "asked Drogo to surrender Richard to him" and installed him as Conte di Aversa[590]. A charter dated [Nov/Dec] 1050 is dated to the first year of "Richard count…the fourth year of the boy count Herman his nephew"[591]. The Chronica Mon. Casinensis records "Richardum filium Asclittini" succeeding "Raidulfus Trinclinocte comes" as Conte di Aversa[592]. Richard conquered Capua and succeeded in [1057] as RICHARD I Prince of Capua.

- PRINCES of CAPUA.

c) RAINULF (-1088). The Chronica Mon. Casinensis names "Richardus princeps Capuanus cum Iordane filio et fratre Rainulfo"[593]. Conte di Caiazzo. Amatus records that "the prince's [Richard Prince of Capua] brother Rainulf and his own son Jordan conspired to diminish the prince's honour and…took up arms against him"[594]. m ---. The name of Rainulf's wife is not known. Rainulf & his wife had two children:

i) RICHARD . Amatus names "Richard son of Prince Richard's brother…cousin [of] Jordan" when recording that he was captured by the forces of Robert "Guiscard" who were besieging Lacedonia, the headquarters of Jordan[595]. "Ricardus filius Rannulfi comitis" is recorded by Orderic Vitalis as one of those who left with Bohemond of Apulia on the First Crusade in 1097[596]. William of Tyre also names "Richardus filius comitis Ranulfi" among those who accompanied Bohemond on crusade[597].

ii) ROBERT (-1115). The Chronica Mon. Casinensis names "Robbertus Caiatianorum comes, filius Raynulfi comes" in a paragraph recording events in 1105[598]. Conte di Alife 1086. Conte di Caiazzo.

- CONTI di ALIFE.

d) [daughter . Amatus records that Richard son of Asclettin gave his sister in marriage to his cousin Rainulf "Tricanocte"[599], although such a marriage between first cousins would seem surprising. One possible explanation is that she was Richard's uterine sister. m ([1046/47]) RAINULF "Tricanocte" Conte di Aversa, son of [GILBERT/OSMOND/RODOLPHE] & his wife --- (-1048).]

3. GILBERT "Buatère" (-[after 1022]). The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Giselbertus…qui et Buttericus" killed "Guilielmus cognomento Repostellus", for which he was banished by "Robbertus comes", and that "Giselbertus…[cum] quatuor fratribus suis, Rainulfo, Asclittino, Osmundo, atque Rodulfo" arrived in Capua where they joined "Melus", dated to [1015/16] from the context[600]. According to Amatus, Gilbert Buatère threw William from a very high place and killed him, took over William's position as viscount, but fled to Italy with his four brothers when sentenced to death[601]. Amatus also records how the brothers helped Melus fight the Greeks in Apulia[602]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Stephano autem, Melo et Petro nepotibus præfati Melo" were granted "comitatum Cominensis" (by Emperor Heinrich II) together with "in auxilium Normannos, Giselbertum, Gosmannum, Stigandum, Torstainum balbum, Gualterium de Canosa et Ugonem Falluccam, cum aliis decem et octo", dated to [1022] from the context[603]. Chalandon identifies these Normans as "Gilbert, Osmond, Asclettin, Toustain le Bègue, Gautier de Canisy et Hugues Falluca"[604].

4. OSMOND (-[after 1022]). The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Giselbertus…qui et Buttericus…[cum] quatuor fratribus suis, Rainulfo, Asclittino, Osmundo, atque Rodulfo" arrived in Capua (after Gilbert was banished from Normandy) where they joined "Melus", dated to [1015/16] from the context [605]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Osmundus Drengotus...miles” left for Apulia after he killed “Willelmum cognomento Repostellum militem” during a hunting expedition, in the presence of “Roberti ducis” [which appears to anachronistic][606]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Osmundus cognomento Drengotus” killed "Willermum Repostellum", who had boasted of having seduced his daughter, and fled "prius in Britanniam, deinde in Angliam, postremo Beneventum cum filiis et nepotibus", being granted “oppidum” by “principe Beneventanorum”[607]. Amatus records that they joined forces at Capua with Melus, another exile from Apulia, and together returned to fight the Greeks[608]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Stephano autem, Melo et Petro nepotibus præfati Melo" were granted "comitatum Cominensis" (by Emperor Heinrich II) together with "in auxilium Normannos, Giselbertum, Gosmannum, Stigandum, Torstainum balbum, Gualterium de Canosa et Ugonem Falluccam, cum aliis decem et octo", dated to [1022] from the context[609]. Chalandon identifies these Normans as "Gilbert, Osmond, Asclettin, Toustain le Bègue, Gautier de Canisy et Hugues Falluca"[610]. m ---. The name of Osmond's wife is not known. Osmond & his wife had children:

a) daughter . Orderic Vitalis records that “Osmundus cognomento Drengotus” killed "Willermum Repostellum", who had boasted of having seduced his daughter, and fled "prius in Britanniam, deinde in Angliam, postremo Beneventum cum filiis et nepotibus", being granted “oppidum” by “principe Beneventanorum”[611].

b) sons . Orderic Vitalis records that “Osmundus cognomento Drengotus” killed "Willermum Repostellum", who had boasted of having seduced his daughter, and fled "prius in Britanniam, deinde in Angliam, postremo Beneventum cum filiis et nepotibus", being granted “oppidum” by “principe Beneventanorum”[612].

5. RODOLFE (-after 1024). The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Giselbertus…qui et Buttericus…[cum] quatuor fratribus suis, Rainulfo, Asclittino, Osmundo, atque Rodulfo" arrived in Capua (after Gilbert was banished from Normandy) where they joined "Melus", dated to [1015/16] from the context[613]. He and his three brothers left with their brother Gilbert after he was banished. They joined forces at Capua with Melus, another exile from Apulia, and together returned to fight the Greeks353. Rodulfus Glaber records that "a very brave Norman called Rodulf incurred the anger of Count Richard [Richard II Comte de Normandie]" and fled to Italy, where he fought the Greeks and visited Emperor Heinrich II[614]. There is little basis for dating the events, except a reference to Rodolfe being received "joyfully" by Count Richard in Normandy the year before the death of the Emperor (1024). Chalandon suggests that meeting with the emperor must have taken place in Germany after Rodolfe accompanied Melus there after his defeat in southern Italy, dated to 1017[615].

6. [Gilbert/Osmond/Rodolfe was father of:] Two children:

a) RAINULF [II] "Tricanocte" (-1048). The Chronica Mon. Casinensis records "Rodulfus cognomento Capellus" as Conte d'Aversa after "Asclittinus qui cognominatus est Comes iuvenis", and "quo ab Aversanis expulso, Raidulfus Trinclinocte comes effectus est"[616]. Amatus refers to Rainulf as "son of the brother of the great Rainulf", without specifying which brother was his father, but in a later passage excludes Asclettin by describing the latter's son Richard as cousin of Rainulf[617]. Amatus records that, after the death of his first cousin Asclettin Count of Aversa in 1045, Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno imprisoned "the nephew of the elder Count Rainulf, who was called Trincanocte and Hugh, who was surnamed Fallacia" in the "Torre Maggiore"[618], presumably because of their opposition to the appointed by Prince Guaimar of Rodolphe, son of Eudes capellus, as Conte di Aversa. He expelled Rodolfe from Aversa and succeeded as Conte di Aversa, later confirmed as count by Prince Guaimar[619] and by Emperor Heinrich III in 1047[620]. An alternative manuscript of the Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "R. filius Oddonis c. C." was expelled from Aversa after a short time and replaced by "Rodulfum Trincanocte"[621]. He received Benevento from Emperor Heinrich III in 1047, jointly with Drogo Conte di Apulia, after he had confiscated it from the citizens who had refused to open its gates to him, although the Beneventans invited Pope Leo IX to take over the town. Amatus records that "Drogo seized Richard and imprisoned him", and that "while Richard was in prison Count Rainulf of Aversa died"[622]. An alternative manuscript of the Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Guilelmum Bellabocca de cognaitione Tancridi" was installed as Conte di Aversa after "Rodulfum Trincanocte" but was expelled[623]. m ([1046/47]) --- of Aversa, daughter of ASCLETTIN & his wife ---. Amatus records that Richard son of Asclettin gave his sister in marriage to his cousin Rainulf "Tricanocte"[624], although such a marriage between first cousins would seem surprising. One possible explanation is that she was Richard's uterine sister. Rainulf [II] & his wife had [one child]:

i) [HERMAN (-after [Nov/Dec] 1050). Chalandon says that "son fils Hermann" succeeded on the death of Rainulf [II] Conte di Aversa "sous la tutelle du comte Guillaume Bellebouche", that the latter was expelled from Aversa and his place as regent was taken by Richard (son of Asclettin, see above)[625]. The corresponding primary sources have not yet been consulted. There seems a possibility of confusion with Herman, son of Rodolphe Capellus (see below), as the name Herman is not otherwise found in the family of the counts of Aversa. He succeeded his father as Conte di Aversa 1048, under the regency first of Guillaume Bellaboca, subsequently of his cousin Richard, who deposed him. A charter dated [Nov/Dec] 1050 is dated to the first year of "Richard count…the fourth year of the boy count Herman his nephew"[626]. The relationship "nephew" is consistent with Herman being the son of Count Rainulf [II] and his wife, the sister of Richard, but it must be borne in mind how flexibly the word "nepos" could be interpreted in contemporary documentation.]

b) ASCLETTIN . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.

7. [Gilbert/Osmond/Rodolfe was father of:] One child:

a) ROBERTO di Lucera . According to Jahn, Roberto was nephew of Rainulf Count of Aversa, son of his brother Asclettin, from whom he inherited Monte Sant'Angelo which stood on Monte Gargano[627]. No other indication has been found that Roberto was the son of Asclettin, and it appears more likely that he was the son of one of the other brothers, but probably not the same brother who was the father of the two brothers Rainulf [II] "Tricanocte" and Asclettin (see above). Conte di Gargano. m ([end 1051/May 1052]) as her second husband, GAITELGRIMA di Salerno, widow of DROGO de Hauteville Conte di Apulia, daughter of GUAIMAR IV Prince of Salerno & his [second wife Purpura ---] ([before 1032]-after Jan 1087). Amatus records that Prince Guaimar gave "Count Drogo's [daughter]" to "Robert brother of Count Richard", the editor of the edition consulted speculating that "daughter" must be an error for "widow"[628]. She married thirdly Affred Conte. "Domina Gaytelgrima comitissa filia…Robberti ducis" donated property to the monastery of La Trinità at Cava for the souls of "suprascripti domini Robberti et…domini Drogonis et domini Affridi comitum qui fuerunt viri sui" by charter dated Jan 1087[629], although the parentage attributed to her in this document is presumably a copyist's error. It is also curious that the document omits any reference to Gaitelgrima's second husband. This copy of the document appears to be defective as another copy records that "dominæ Gaytelgrimæ comitissæ filiæ bonæ recordationis domini Guaimarii…principis et ducis" donated property for the souls of "domini Drogonis et domini Roberti et domini Alfredi comitum qui fuerunt viri sui" and for the souls of "Purpure genitricis suæ et…Ricardi filii sui qui de ipso Roberto comite marito suo primogenitum habuit"[630]. The mother of Henry Count of Monte Sant'Angelo was the sister of Ioannes di Salerno whom he put in charge of an almshouse which he founded on Monte Gargano in the late 1090s [631]. Roberto & his wife had four children:

i) RICCARDO (-before Jan 1087). "Dominæ Gaytelgrimæ comitissæ filiæ bonæ recordationis domini Guaimarii…principis et ducis" donated property for the souls of "domini Drogonis et domini Roberti et domini Alfredi comitum qui fuerunt viri sui" and for the souls of "Purpure genitricis suæ et…Ricardi filii sui qui de ipso Roberto comite marito suo primogenitum habuit", by charter dated Jan 1087[632].

ii) ENRICO (-[1101/Aug 1103]). The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi names "Henricus comes" among the participants in the rebellion against Robert "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia, dated to 1078[633]. Conte di Lucera e del Gargano. Conte di Monte Sant’Angelo. "Enricus comes filius…bone memorie Robberti…comitis et Adelisa filia Ruggeri comitis…vir et uxor de civitate Sancti Michaelis Archangeli monte Gargano" donated property for the soul of "[Adelisa…]…Iudite matri mee" donated property by charter dated Mar 1083, signed by "Guillelmo fratris…"[634]. "…Henrici comitis de Monte…" was among the subscribers of the charter dated Jun 1087 under which "Rogerius…dux ducis Robberti filius" donated property to the church of Bari[635]. He founded an almshouse on Monte Gargano in the late 1090s in which he appointed his maternal uncle Ioannes di Salerno abbot[636]. "Henricus…comes…qm Roberti comitis" donated property to "Joannes dictus de Curte zianus meus olim filius bone memorie Guaimarii principis Salernitani avi mei" by charter dated Nov 1098[637]. The Chronica Mon. Casinensis names "Guilelmus comes civitatis montis sancti Michahelis archangeli" when recording his donation dated Apr 1100, mentioning "Heinricus frater eius"387. m ADELISA of Sicily, daughter of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his first wife Judith d'Evreux [Normandie] (-before 1096). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated Mar 1083 under which "Enricus comes filius…bone memorie Robberti…comitis et Adelisa filia Ruggeri comitis…vir et uxor de civitate Sancti Michaelis Archangeli monte Gargano" donated property for the soul of "[Adelisa…]…Iudite matri mee"[638].

iii) GUGLIELMO (-after 1107). "Enricus comes filius…bone memorie Robberti…comitis et Adelisa filia Ruggeri comitis…vir et uxor de civitate Sancti Michaelis Archangeli monte Gargano" donated property for the soul of "[Adelisa…]…Iudite matri mee" donated property by charter dated Mar 1083, signed by "Guillelmo fratris…"[639]. The Chronica Mon. Casinensis names "Guilelmus comes civitatis montis sancti Michahelis archangeli" when recording his donation dated Apr 1100, mentioning "Heinricus frater eius"[640]. m BASILIA, daughter of ---. Basilia is named as wife of Guglielmo in a charter dated Apr 1099[641]. Guglielmo & his wife had one child:

(a) SIMONE . The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "Simone conte di S. Angelo nel monte Gargano…fratel consobrino del re…e figliuolo del conte Enrico, zio di esso re" succeeded "il conte Roberto figliuolo di Riccardo" in "Terra di Lavoro"[642]. According to Stasser, Simone was the son of Guglielmo not of Enrico, but he does not cite the corresponding primary source[643].

iv) GAITA . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated Mar 1104 under which "Devie Rao…cum…conjuge comitissa Gaita et cum filii mei" donated property to Santa Maria di Tremiti for the soul of "cognati fratrisque mee uxoris comitis Henrici"[644]. m RAOUL [I] de Devia, son of ---.

1. EUDES Capellus . m ---. The name of Eudes´s wife is not known. Eudes & his wife had one child:

a) RODOLPHE [Raoul] Capellus (-[1046/Mar 1048]). His parentage is confirmed by the Chronica Monasterii Casinensis which records that "Rodulfus cognomento Cappellus" succeeded "Asclittinus qui cognominatus est Comes iuvenis" as conte di Aversa (another manuscript calling him "R. filius Oddonis c. C.")[645]. Lord of Canne from early 1042: Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[646]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[647]. Conte di Aversa. Amatus records that, after the death of Asclettin Count of Aversa in 1045, Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno appointed "a man called Rodulf as Count of Aversa without the agreement of the people"[648]. An alternative manuscript of the Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "R. filius Oddonis c. C." was expelled from Aversa after a short time and replaced by "Rodulfum Trincanocte"[649]. Amatus records that he was expelled from Aversa by Rainulf "Tricanocte", nephew of Rainulf (above), after which "he was called Count Capellus"[650]. m as her first husband, GAITELGRIMA di Sorrento, daughter of --- di Sorrento & his wife --- ([1015/20]-). "Gaitelgrima…comitissa senatrix" donated property to the monastery of San Blasio, for the soul of "domni Rodolfi comiti seniori mei", by charter dated Mar 1048, dated to "comitante domno Guilielmo et domno Herimano in castro Aversum…anno primo"[651]. Her birth date range is estimated based on her having had children by both her marriages. She married secondly (after Aug 1051) Onfroi Conte di Apulia. Amatus refers to the wife of Humphrey as "the Duke of Sorrento's sister"[652]. The fact that these references are to the same person is confirmed by the Gesta Roberti Wiscardi which names "genitus genetrice Hermannus [Comte di Canne] eadem Unfredi fuerat qua filius Abagelardus"[653], Abelard being the son of Onfroi and Herman presumably being the son of Rodolfe (who was reported as having received Canne under the treaty of Melfi in 1042[654]). Rodolfe & his wife had one child:

i) HERMAN (-after 1097). The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi names "genitus genetrice Hermannus eadem Unfredi fuerat qua filius Abagelardus"[655]. Amatus recounts that "Abelard's brother" was among those taken hostage as the time of his brother's rebellion against Robert "Guiscard"[656]. Conte di Canne (in Bari) 1072/81. Malaterra names "Hermannum comitem fratrem Abagelaudi" when recording his capture[657]. He led an insurrection against Robert Guiscard at Canosa in 1083[658]. "Hermannus de Canni" is recorded by Orderic Vitalis among those who left with Bohemond of Apulia on the First Crusade in 1097[659]. William of Tyre also names "Hermannus de Carni" among those who accompanied Bohemond on crusade[660]. m ---. The name of Herman's wife is not known. Herman & his wife had one child:

(a) RICHARD . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.

1. GUILLAUME "Bellaboca" (-after 1048). [Conte di Aversa.] An alternative manuscript of the Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Guilelmum Bellabocca de cognaitione Tancridi" was installed as Conte di Aversa after "Rodulfum Trincanocte" but was expelled[661].

H. CONTI di BUONALBERGO

Buonalbergo is located north-east of Benevento in the northern part of the present-day Italian province of Campania. In the early 1050s, Amatus records Gérard di Buonalbergo, who is probably the same person as "comes…Giraldius" who is named in the Gesta Roberti Wiscardi at the battle of Civitate in 1053. Amatus records Alberada, aunt of Gérard, as the first wife of Robert "Guiscard", future Duke of Apulia. Buonalbergo was granted as a county by Roger I King of Sicily to Robert de Medania in [1150]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Rogerius Boni Albergi" holding fiefs "[in] demanium suum Terræ Beneventanæ, de Apice…de Bono Albergo…de Sancto Severo"[662], and "comes Robertus de Bonoherbergo" holding "in principatu Capuæ in demanio Sessulam Patanam…de parte sua de la Cerra…et Marellanum"[663], although it is not known whether both of these individuals belonged to the same family. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] records that "castrum Bonalberghi" was restored to "domino Mattheo de Tocco", adding that it was now held by "d. Johannes de Salerno" who married "Margaritam filiam Bartholomei de Tocco filii dicti Matthei", and that Emperor Friedrich II had granted the castle to "dicto d. Mattheo"[664]. The source does not refer to Buonalbergo as a county. One branch of the Tocco family is noteworthy for having installed themselves as Counts of Kefalonia in Greece (see the document GREECE LATIN LORDSHIPS).

1. --- [di Buonalbergo] . m ---. One child:

a) GERARD di Buonalbergo (-1086). Amatus records that "Gerard who was called Buonalbergo" came to Robert "Guiscard" who was visiting his brother in Apulia, proposed his marriage to "my aunt, my father´s sister…Alberada" (specifying that Robert´s brother Drogo at first opposed the marriage) and agreed to serve him in Calabria, dated to [1050/51] from the context, adding that Gerard was "believed to have been the first to call him Guiscard"[665]. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi records the presence of "Petrus et Galterus Amici insignes soboles, simul Aureolanus, Ubertus Muscaque, Ranaldus, comes Hugo, comesque Giraldius, Bovianensis comitis comitatu Radulfi" at the battle of Civitate, dated to 17 Jun 1053[666]. "…Gerardus de Bonoherbene…" subscribed the charter dated 1060 under which "Robertus dux Italie, Apulie et Calabrie atque Sicilie" donated "castrum Aquebelle" to the monastery of La Trinità at Cava[667]. "…Girardus de Bonherbere" subscribed a charter dated Jun 1063 which declared the restitution of property to the monastery of Banzi[668]. The Chonicon Monasterii Beneventani records the death in 1086 of "Girardus Comes"[669]. m ---. The name of Girardo's wife is not known. Girardo & his wife had two children:

i) ERBERTO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. m ---. The name of Erberto's wife is not known. Herberto & his wife had one child:

(a) GIORDANO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.

ii) ROBERTO (-murdered 1121, bur Benevento Santa Sofia). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. He left on the First Crusade with Bohémond of Apulia, later Prince of Antioch. In Italy in 1112, he received land from his nephew Jordan[670].

2. ALBERADA ([1032]-after 1058). Amatus records that "Gerard who was called Buonalbergo" came to Robert "Guiscard" who was visiting his brother in Apulia, proposed his marriage to "my aunt, my father´s sister…Alberada" (specifying that Robert´s brother Drogo at first opposed the marriage) and agreed to serve him in Calabria, dated to [1050/51] from the context[671]. Malaterra names "Alberadam" as the first wife of Robert "Guiscard", recording that they were separated on grounds of consanguinity[672], although the precise relationship between husband and wife is not known. The Chronica Mon. Casinensis names the first wife of Robert as "Alveradam amitam suam [=Girardus de bono alipergo]", recording the couple's separation on grounds of consanguinity[673]. m ([1051], divorced [1058] on grounds of consanguinity[674]) as his first wife, ROBERT "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia, son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his second wife Fressenda --- ([1020]-Phiscardo Bay, Cephalonia 17 Jul 1085, bur Monastery of Santissima Trinità, Venosa).

1. ROBERT de Medania (-after 1108). He came to southern Italy from Anjou. The name "Medania" is reminiscent of "Medana", Latin for Mayenne, but no connection has so far been made with the family of the Seigneurs de Mayenne in Maine. Robert de Medania is named in a charter at Capua dated May 1092[675]. Robert de Medania is named "consanguineus" of Richard II Prince of Capua in a charter dated Oct 1105[676], but his precise relationship with the family of the conti di Aversa has not been traced. Robert de Medania is named in a charter dated 1108[677].

2. --- de Medania . m ---. One child:

a) GEOFFROY de Medania (-after Mar 1116). "Robbertus filius bone memorie Iordanis principis procurator…principatus Capuæ" donated property, at the request of "Goffridi de Medania", by charter dated Apr 1106[678]. Lord of Acerra. "Gaufridus qui vocor de Medania Suessolanorum et Acerranorum…senior" donated property, for the souls of "…Roberti barbani mei", by charter dated Mar 1116, subscribed by "Sikelgarda sua conjux…Robertus de Medania"[679]. m SICHELGAITA, daughter of --- (-after Mar 1118). "Gaufridus qui vocor de Medania Suessolanorum et Acerranorum…senior" donated property, for the souls of "…Roberti barbani mei", by charter dated Mar 1116, subscribed by "Sikelgarda sua conjux…Robertus de Medania"[680]. Stasser suggests that she was Sichelgaita di Salerno, daughter of Landolf di Salerno & his wife Emilia di Gaeta[681]. He argues convincingly that the only way of explaining why Enrico di San Severino, son of Roger di San Severino & his wife Sika di Salerno, names her son "Robertus de Medania uterinus frater"[682], is that the term "uterinus frater" must be interpreted in this document as maternal cousin. Geoffroy & his wife had one child:

i) ROBERTO di Medania (-[before Jun 1154]). "Gaufridus qui vocor de Medania Suessolanorum et Acerranorum…senior" donated property, for the souls of "…Roberti barbani mei", by charter dated Mar 1116, subscribed by "Sikelgarda sua conjux…Robertus de Medania"[683]. "Henricus filius quondam Rogerii de S. Severino" donated property to Cava abbey by charter dated Mar 1125, subscribed by "Robertus de Medania uterinus frater"[684]. He was installed as Conte di Buonalbergo by Roger I King of Sicily in [1150]. m JUDITH, daughter of ---. Roberto & his wife had [two] children:

(a) RUGGIERO di Medania (-after [1166]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Buonalbergo. Conte di Acerra. Hugo Falcandus names "Count Roger of Acerra" among the conspirators against chancellor Maio in [1156][685]. Hugo Falcandus records that "Count Roger of Acerra" fled into the Abruzzi after the general conspiracy in 1161[686]. Hugo Falcandus records that the queen restored "Count Roger of Acerra" to his previous rank in [1166][687]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Rogerius Boni Albergi" holding fiefs "[in] demanium suum Terræ Beneventanæ, de Apice…de Bono Albergo…de Sancto Severo", with "milites XIII et cum augmento…milites XXXI"[688].

(b) [CECILIA di Medania . The name of the second wife of Rinaldo [I] d’Aquino is not known. Many unsourced internet-based “genealogies” state that he married “Cecilia di Medania, daughter of Robert de Medania Conte di Buonalbergo & his wife Judith ---“. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified. Scandone, in his detailed studies of the Aquino family in 1901/1903 does not mention the marriage, which suggests that speculation about the connection may have first been proposed after that date, although the origin of the theory has not been traced. If it is correct that Cecilia´s existence is speculative, the purpose may have been to explain (1) references to her daughter as “Sibilla di Medania” and (2) the installation of Rinaldo´s son Riccardo as conti di Acerra. If these represent the premises on which the theory was based, neither passes muster as will be explained. Concerning the first point, no primary source has yet been identified which names Rinaldo´s daughter as “di Medania”. The earliest identified secondary source reference to “Sibilla di Medania” is Francesco Capecelatro´s 1640 history of Naples[689]. The book includes no primary source citation nor any reference to the origin of the name. The exact wording of Capecelatro´s passage has been copied by numerous subsequent works ever since[690]. The suspicion is that Sibilla was never referred to as “di Medania” during her lifetime and that the reference represents an unreliable reflection of history. On the second point, the Italian Wikipedia (without citing any sources to justify its statements) says that the county of Acerra, previously held by Ruggiero di Medania Conte di Buonalbergo, passed to Riccardo d’Aquino as a result of his father´s marriage to “Cecilia di Medania” who would have been Ruggiero´s sister[691]. This is pure speculation, and the assumption that the county must have passed by inheritance is unsustainable: numerous examples are found in the 12th century kingdom of Sicily/Naples where shifting loyalties among the nobility appear to have triggered changes in comital appointments, including Avellino, Aversa, Conversano, Gravina and Molise, rather than transfer by inheritance. In any case, the search for an “inheritance” explanation ceases to be relevant if Rinaldo [I]´s son Riccardo was born to an earlier wife in relation to whom no connection with “Medania” is asserted. In conclusion, until more information comes to light, the existence of this “Cecilia di Medania” should be treated with caution. m [as his second wife,] RINALDO [I] d’Aquino, son of LANDO [IV] Conte d’Aquino & his wife --- (-after [1168]).]

3. ROBERTO . Conte di Buonalbergo. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Robertus de Bonoherbergo" holding "in principatu Capuæ in demanio Sessulam Patanam…de parte sua de la Cerra…et Marellanum", with "milites XX et augmentum eius…milites XX…inter proprium feudum et augmentum milites XL" and listing his feeholders[692].

1. UGOLINO Tocco . Grand Seneschal of Emperor Heinrich VI in 1195[693].

2. PIETRO di Tocco . m ---. The name of Pietro´s wife is not known. Pietro & his wife had one child:

a) MANASSE di Tocco (-after 25 Feb 1201). "Manasse figlio di Pietro di Tocco" sold property "nella città nuova di Benevento" to the abbey of Montevergine by charter dated 25 Feb 1201[694].

3. MATTHEO di Tocco . The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "castrum Bonalberghi" was restored to "domino Mattheo de Tocco", adding that it was now held by "d. Johannes de Salerno" who married "Margaritam filiam Bartholomei de Tocco filii dicti Matthei", and that Emperor Friedrich II had granted the castle to "dicto d. Mattheo"[695]. m ---. The name of Mattheo´s wife is not known. Mattheo & his wife had one child:

a) BARTOLOMEO di Tocco . The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "castrum Bonalberghi" was restored to "domino Mattheo de Tocco", adding that it was now held by "d. Johannes de Salerno" who married "Margaritam filiam Bartholomei de Tocco filii dicti Matthei"[696]. m PERTECUSA di Lecto, daughter of MATTHEO di Lecto & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily which records that "castrum Bonalberghi" was held "tempore principis Manfridi" by "Franciscus Simplex", but restored by King Charles to "d. Mattheo de Lecto avo materno d. Margarite uxoris dicti d. Johannis de Salerno", together with "medietatem Montiscalvi et castrum Montisfalconis", a later passage recording that "dominus Mattheus de Lecto…dominus Montisfalconis et medietatis Montiscalvi" had two daughters of whom the younger "Pertecusam" married "Bartholomeo de Tocco filius d. Matthei"[697]. Bartolomeo & his wife had one child:

i) MARGHERITA di Tocco . The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "castrum Bonalberghi" was restored to "domino Mattheo de Tocco", adding that it was now held by "d. Johannes de Salerno" who married "Margaritam filiam Bartholomei de Tocco filii dicti Matthei"[698]. m (after 1266) GIOVANNI di Salerno, son of ---.

4. GUGLIELMO Tocco, son of [PIETRO Tocco notario in Melfi & his [first/second] wife ---] (-Naples 22 Sep 1335). He was appointed Governor of Corfu by Philippe Principe di Taranto [Anjou-Sicily] in [1330/31].

- COUNTS of KEFALONIA.

I. CONTI di CASERTA

Caserta is located due west of Benevento, in the north-western part of the present-day Italian region of Campania. The earliest record so far identified of Caserta as a county is the "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], which records "comes Robertus Casertanus" holding fiefs "[in] Mandra et Pulcarinum" and "demanium suum de Caserta…de Morrone…de Meliczano…de Bublano…de Gurupato…de Telesia…in Valle Comana…Fontanam…de Arpino…et de Monte Nigro"[699]. Roberto´s family origin has not yet been traced. The descendants of Roberto´s brother continued to hold the county until the reign of Manfredo King of Sicily, an unusual example of retention of power by a Norman family through the various changes of regime in the kingdom. No information has so far been found about the county after the arrival of the Angevin dynasty in the kingdom of Sicily.

Two brothers:

1. ROBERTO (-after Feb 1177). Conte di Caserta. "Robbertus…Casertanorum…comes" donated serfs to San Angelo ad Formas by charter dated Jul 1165[700]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Robertus Casertanus" holding fiefs "[in] Mandra et Pulcarinum", with "inter feudum et augmentum…milites VI", and "comes Robertus de Caserta" holding "demanium suum de Caserta…de Morrone…de Meliczano…de Bublano…de Gurupato…de Telesia…in Valle Comana…Fontanam…de Arpino…et de Monte Nigro" with "feuda militum XXXIV et augmentum eius…milites XLII…inter feudum et augmentum demanii…milites LXXVI" listing his feeholders[701]. “...Rob Casertanus comes...” subscribed the charter dated Feb 1177 which records the marriage contract between “Willielmus...Rex Siciliæ...” and “Johannam puellam regii...filiam Henrici...Regis Anglorum”[702]. m ---. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "domina Comitissa Casertæ" holding "Esclitellum" in Capitinata from "episcopus Forconen", with "feudum I militis"[703].

2. GUGLIELMO (-after 1199). The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Guillelmus frater…comitis Roberti" holding "in Aprutio Tortoretum…et…Montorium…et Casale Sancti Benedicti" from "Raynaldus de la Troia" in "episcopus Forconen", with "milites VI et augmentum eius…milites VI"[704]. Conte di Caserta. "Il conte Guglielmo di Caserta ed il conte Riccardo di Acerra, capitani e maestri giustizieri de Puglia e Terra di Lavoro" wrote relating to a claim, by charter dated Aug 1190[705]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that "Guilielmo Caserte comes" supported Emperor Heinrich VI against King Tancred, when recounting that he captured "Riccardum Caleni comitem" at Capua and took him to "roccam Arcis", in 1192[706]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that in 1199 "Dyopoldus a Guilielmo comite captus est"[707]. m ---. The name of Guglielmo's wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had three children:

a) ROBERTO (-1212 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Caserta.

b) GUGLIELMO . The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that in 1199 "Dyopoldus a Guilielmo comite captus est…set eo mortuo, Guilielmus filius eius" married Diepold's daughter and freed Diepold[708]. m (1199) --- von Vohburg, daughter of DIEPOLD Markgraf von Vohburg & [his first wife ---]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that in 1199 "Dyopoldus a Guilielmo comite captus est…set eo mortuo, Guilielmus filius eius" married Diepold's daughter and freed Diepold[709].

c) ---. m ---. One child:

i) RICCARDO (-after 2 Mar 1265). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Vicar General of the March of Ancona and duchy of Spoleto 1243-1244. Vicar of the kingdom of Sicily 1248. Conte di Caserta. Pope Innocent IV confirmed his properties to “R. comiti Casertano” dated 17 Jun 1251[710]. The dating clause of a charter dated Nov 1252 refers to "secundo anno d. n. Riccardi…Caserte comitis"[711]. m ([1245/46]) VIOLANTA, illegitimate daughter of Emperor FRIEDRICH I & his mistress Bianca Lancia ([1233]-after Summer 1264). The Annales Sancti Pantaleonis Coloniensis refer to "filiam imperatoris naturalem" as wife of "comitissam de Caserta filius"[712]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified.

1. TOMASO . Conte di Caserta. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Roggerium de Aquila, Thomam de Caserta, Iacobum de Sancto Severino, et filium comitis Tricaricensis, regni comites" rebelled against Emperor Friedrich II in Sicily in 1223[713].

K. CONTI di GESUALDO

The town of Gesualdo is located south-east of Benevento, in the central part of the present-day Italian region of Campania. It is recorded briefly as a county in the hands of Guillaume, illegitimate son of Roger "Borsa" Duke of Apulia. No further references have been found to the county after that time.

1. GUILLAUME, illegitimate son of ROGER "Borsa/the Purse" Duke of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily & his mistress --- (-[1145/50]). Chalandon records that Guillaume, signor di Gesualdo e Lucera, illegitimate son of Duke Roger, is named in charters dated Apr 1115 and May 1116[714]. Lord of Lucera 1115. Conte di Gesualdo. m ALBERADA di Lecce, daughter of GOFFREDO Conte di Lecce & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

a) ELIA (-1187). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. m ---. The name of Elia's wife is not known. Elia & his wife had two children:

i) GUILLAUME . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Hugo Falcandus records that "William of Gesualdo" was one of the leaders of the conspiracy against Richard Count of Molise[715].

ii) ARISTOLF "Gesualdo". The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. 1187. m ---. The name of Aristolf's wife is not known. Aristolf & his wife had one child:

(a) ELIA "Gesualdo". The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. 1191.

L. CONTI di PRINCIPATO

"Principato" was the name given to a county, also called San Nicandro, which covered the inland territory bordered by the counties of Rota, Marsico and Conza, located in the south-eastern part of the present-day Italian region of Campania, from Eboli in the west to Brienza and Teggiano in the east. The county was granted to Guillaume, son of Tancred de Hauteville, and remained in his family until the mid-1150s when Guillaume Conte di Principato rebelled against Guillaume I King of Sicily and was deprived of his lands and titles.

GUILLAUME de Hauteville "Sanicandro", son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his second wife Fressenda --- (-1080). Malaterra names "…tertius Willelmus…" third among the sons of Tancred & his second wife[716]. Amatus records that the brothers "Mauger, Geoffrey, William and Roger" arrived in Apulia from Normandy[717], dated from the context to [1054/57]. Conte di Principato. Malaterra records that "fratres suos…Malgerium…Willelmum" were made counts in "Capitanatæ…[et] in Principatu" respectively by their brother Count Onfroi, and that after the death of Mauger the county of the Capitanata passed to his brother Guillaume[718]. "Guilelmus comes…" was among the subscribers to a charter dated 1060 under which "Robertus dux Italie, Apulie et Calabrie atque Sicilie" donated "castrum Aquebelle" to the monastery of La Trinità at Cava[719]. Conte di San Nicandro. "Guglielmo comite fratre ducis" is recorded as present in a charter dated 1069 under which "duce Roberto dominante universe Apulie regioni atque Calabrie" donated property to Trinità di Venosa[720].

m (after 1053[721]) [MARIA] di Conza-Salerno, daughter of GUIDO di Salerno Conte di Conza [Duca di Sorrento] & his wife --- (-after 1080). Amatus records the marriage of the daughter of Guido and Guillaume de Hauteville[722], in a later passage than the one recording the marriage of Guido´s daughter Guida to another Guillaume d’Hauteville. Europäische Stammtafeln[723] confuses the two brothers named Guillaume, sons of Tancred de Hauteville, giving the same wife to each, but Amatus is clearly referring to the two different half-brothers of the same name. According to Drell, Maria witnessed her husband's 1080 will[724]. She is named as witness of a donation by her son Robert to the abbey of Holy Trinity Venosa dated 1085[725].

Guillaume & his wife had six children:

1. ROBERTO (-1099). The Annals of Romoald name "Wilhelmus de Sancto Nicandro [filius Tancredi] pater Robberti comitis de Principatu"[726]. "…Robertus ducis nepos…" was among the subscribers of the charter dated 19 Feb 1076 under which "Rotbertus dux" made concessions to the cathedral of Santa Maria at Melfi[727]. He witnessed his father's 1080 will[728]. He succeeded his father in 1080 as Conte di Principato. "Robertus…Comes Salerni Principatus, filius quondam Domini Comitis Guillielmi" confirmed the rights of the archbishop of Salerno by charter dated Jun 1090 which names "Domine Gilie…conjuncis nostre"[729]. m GILIA, daughter of RAINONE "Brito" & his wife Atta ---. "Robertus…Comes Salerni Principatus, filius quondam Domini Comitis Guillielmi" confirmed the rights of the archbishop of Salerno by charter dated Jun 1090 which names "Domine Gilie…conjuncis nostre"[730]. "Ralnolfus qui vocor Brictone…et Atta uxor mea et Johel filius meus" donated property to Cava by charter dated Oct 1086[731]. Her parentage is confirmed by a charter dated Apr 1101 under which "Guilielmi comitis principatus" called Rainulf "Brito" his "avunculus"[732]. Robert & his wife had one child:

a) [733]GUGLIELMO (-1128). He succeeded his father 1099 as Conte di Principato. "Guilielmi comitis principatus" calls Rainulf "Brito" his "avunculus" in a charter dated Apr 1101[734]. m ---. The name of Guillaume's wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had two children:

i) [735]NICCOLO (-after 1141). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. He succeeded his father 1128 as Conte di Principato. He gained control of Eboli by 1129. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex…Rogerii primi comitis heres et filius" confirmed donations by "consanguineus noster comes Nicolaus de Principatu" to the monastery of Cava, Salerno by charter dated after May 1137[736].

ii) GUGLIELMO (-after 1160). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. He succeeded his brother as Conte di Principato. He joined the rebellion against Guillaume I King of Sicily in 1155/56, was imprisoned in Palermo, escaped to take part in another rebellion and was exiled to Jerusalem 1161[737]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "comes Guilielmus de Principatu et Riccardus de Mandra et Alexander monachus" were released from prison during a rebellion, dated to [1160] from the context, adding that "Guilielmus comes de Principatu et Tancredus comes de Lycia" joined "ad Matthæum Bonellam"[738].

2. RICCARDO ([1053/60]-Spring 1112[739]). William of Tyre records "Richardus de Principatu filius Guillelmi Ferrebrachia[740] fratris Roberti Guischart, Ranulfus frater eius" among those who accompanied Bohemond on the First Crusade in 1097[741], although the reference to "…Guillelmi Ferrebrachia…" must be incorrect resulting from confusion in the source between the two brothers of Robert "Guiscard" who were both called Guillaume. "Ricardus de Principatu et Ranulfus frater eius" are also recorded by Orderic Vitalis on the same occasion[742]. Albert of Aix records that "Richardus princeps Salernæ civitatis Italiæ de genere Nortmannorum, proximus Tancredi" was captured during the siege of Mamistra, dated to late 1097 from the context[743]. "Ricardo de Principatu filiolo di Roberto Ferra Brachiu fratel di Roberto Guiscardo" is recorded in Itinerario di la Gran Militia a la Pavese[744]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[745], Richard was the son of Drogo de Hauteville Count of Apulia. His birth date is estimated from the likely marriage date of his parents. Vardan's History records that "Danishman lord of Sebastia, whom they say was of Armenian nationality, came against Melitene" in 1100 and captured "Pemond and Rajard who were at Edessa [and] who came against him"[746]: it is suggested that "Rajard" was Richard of the Principate. He was appointed regent in Edessa in 1104 during the captivity of Baudouin II Count of Edessa[747], but Baudouin had to evict him forcibly to regain Edessa in 1108 after his release in 1107[748]. m ALTRUDE, daughter of Marchese ODO [Guglielmo] "le Bon" & his wife Emma of Apulia. Albert of Aix records the mother of Roger Prince of Antioch as the sister of Tancred, but does not name her[749]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified. If the estimated birth date of her son is correct, Altrude could not have been born later than [1065/70]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[750], Richard's wife was Altrude, daughter of Godofredo Conte di Conversano e Brindisi, but this is inconsistent with Tancred regent of Antioch having appointed his nephew, Richard's son Roger, as his heir.

- PRINCES of ANTIOCH.

3. RAINOLFO . William of Tyre records "Richardus de Principatu filius Guillelmi Ferrebrachia fratris Roberti Guischart, Ranulfus frater eius" among those who accompanied Bohemond on the First Crusade in 1097[751]. "Ricardus de Principatu et Ranulfus frater eius" are also recorded by Orderic Vitalis on the same occasion[752].

4. TANCREDO "de Hauteville" (-after 1104). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. 1098. Installed at Syracuse by Roger I Count of Sicily after the death in [1091/92] of the latter's son Jordan[753]. m MURIELLA, daughter of GUILLAUME de Mountzel & his wife --- (-after 10 Jun 1102).

5. daughter . Malaterra refers to the betrothal of "dux…neptem" (referring to a Venetian named Dominico) and "filiam fratris sui Guilielmi Principatus comitis" at the time of the siege of Durazzo, dated to Oct 1081[754]. Betrothed (Oct 1081) to DOMENICO Silvio, son of DOMENICO Silvio Doge of Venice & his wife ---.

6. GUGLIELMO (-after Apr 1103). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.

1. RAINO di Principato (-after 1135). The Annales Casenses record that in 1134 "rex Rogerius" entered the Principatum and expelled "comitem Rainonem…et reddidit ei comitissam", and that in 1135 captured "Raynoni et Ugoni comitatum" at Aversa but that "Raynon comes" fled to Naples[755].

M. CONTI di SANT’ANGELO

Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi is located about 20 kilometres east of Avellino, in the province of Avellino, in the Campania region of Italy.

1. BEBENA . m ---. Bebena & his wife had one child:

a) RODOLPHE (-after [1050]). Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[756]. Lord of Monte Sant´Angelo. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[757]. "…Rodulfus cognatus comitis…" subscribed the charter dated 1053 (misdated) under which "Drogo…dux et magister Italie comesque Normannorum totius Apulie atque Calabrie" donated property for the soul of "fratris mei Guillelmi, Unfredi, Roberti"[758].

GEOFFROY [II] de Joinville, son of GEOFFROY de Joinville Seigneur de Briquenay & his wife Mabile de Lezinnes (-Brindisi 1297). Charles II King of Naples [Anjou-Capet] declared having paid "Geoffroy de Joinville et à ses frères, fils et héritiers de feu Geoffroy de Joinville" for the purchase of "la terre de S. Vinnemer près Lezinnes au comté de Tonnerre" made by his father King Charles I, on condition that they paid a debt of the late king owing to "Pierre Hose de la Forêt", by charter dated 11 Dec 1290[759]. Signore d’Alife e di Sant’Angelo: Delaborde records that, on his return to Naples in [1291/92], Geoffroy’s ownership of his father’s territories in the kingdom of Sicily (which had been given to Guillaume d’Ailnay by Robert d’Artois, regent of Sicily) was recognised, but that he immediately returned them to Guillaume d’Aulnoy at the request of Charles II King of Sicily who granted him Alife, Lettere, Gragnano, Santas-Agata di Puglia, Zuncoli and Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi[760]. "Jean de Joinville sénéchal de Champagne" declared having relinquished revenue “sur la maison de Sommermont”, which he had granted to the “seigneur de Briquenay lorsque celui-ci était parti pour la Pouille”, to “ses petit-fils Jean de Joinville s. de Venafro maréchal de Sicile et Guillaume tous deux fils de feu Geoffroy s. de Nanteuil et de Briquenay, ainsi qu’aux enfants d’un autre Geoffroy leur frère”, with the consent of “ses fils Jean de Joinville s. d’Ancerville, Anseau s. de Reynel chevaliers, André de Joinville s. de Bonney écuyer”, by charter dated 9 Jun 1304[761].

m as her first husband, PHILIPPA de Beaumont, daughter of PIERRE Seigneur de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais Conte di Montescaglioso e Alba & his second wife Filippa di Ceccano ([1271/72]-after 1317). The primary sources which confirm her parentage and two marriages have not been identified. She married secondly Renaud [II] Comte de Dammartin.

Geoffroy [II] & his wife had two children:

1. PHILIPPE de Joinville ([1290/95?]-[1315/30 May 1320]). Conte di Sant’Angelo 1312[762]. Delaborde records that Philippe bought Cassano in 1305 was under the guardianship of his uncle Jean Trouillard de Joinville in 1307, and was viceroy of Labour in 1315[763]. He is recorded as deceased in the 30 May 1320 charter cited below. m as her third husband, ILARIA di Sus, widow firstly of -- and secondly of ---, daughter of --- (-after 30 May 1320). Delaborde records that Ilaria married twice after the death of Philippe[764]. The king of Sicily [Delaborde says “Charles”, which is inconsistent with the date of this document] granted relief to "Erarde de Joinville fille de feu Geoffroy" who had unsuccessfully requested help from “Ilaria de Sus comtesse de S. Angelo, tutrice de Nicolas de J. son fils, héritier de feu Geoffroy son aïeul paternel”, by charter dated 30 May 1320. Philippe & his wife had one child:

a) NICOLAS de Joinville ([1310/12?]-murdered 29 Jun 1335). His parentage is confirmed by the 30 May 1320 charter cited above. Conte di Sant’Angelo. Delaborde records that Nicolas was justiciar and captain-general of Labour in 1323, justiciar in 1324, and was assassinated 29 Jun 1335[765]. m ([1330/31?]) JEANNE de Baux, daughter of --- ([1310/15?]-after 26 Apr 1347). Her birth date is estimated from her husband’s estimated birth-date, bearing in mind that she had four children before he was killed. A charter dated 1339 records a lawsuit between "Jeanne de Baux comtesse de S. Angelo veuve de Nicolas de Joinville, en sa qualité de mère et tutrice de son fils Nicolas" and “Mathieu Mansella de Salerne seigneur de Plati”[766]. Jeanne Queen of Sicily confirmed the agreement between "Nicolas de Joinville" and “sa mère Jeanne de Baux, comte et comtesse de S. Angelo” concerning her dower “les châteaux de Bagnoli situé dans la principauté ultérieure...et celui de S. Antonio-de-Planotnibus, dans la Capitanate” by charter dated 26 Apr 1347[767]. Nicolas & his wife had four children:

i) NICCOLÒ de Joinville ([1331?]-after 1360). His birth date is estimated from the likely birth-dates of his parents, bearing in mind that he was presumably deemed of age 26 Apr 1347, the date of his charter quoted below. A charter dated 1339 records a lawsuit between "Jeanne de Baux comtesse de S. Angelo veuve de Nicolas de Joinville, en sa qualité de mère et tutrice de son fils Nicolas" and “Mathieu Mansella de Salerne seigneur de Plati”[768]. Conte di Sant’Angelo. Jeanne Queen of Sicily confirmed the agreement between "Nicolas de Joinville" and “sa mère Jeanne de Baux, comte et comtesse de S. Angelo” concerning her dower “les châteaux de Bagnoli situé dans la principauté ultérieure...et celui de S. Antonio-de-Planotnibus, dans la Capitanate” by charter dated 26 Apr 1347[769]. Viceroy “des Abruzzes ultérieures et de la Capitanate en 1360, he retired to the convent of Sant’Agostino in Naples[770]. Betrothed (contract Naples 13 Mar 1338) to FRANCESCA de Sabran, daughter of GUILLAUME de Sabran Conte di Ariano & his second wife Francesca di Celano (-after 1353). Europäische Stammtafeln shows her parentage and marriage contract[771]. She is not shown by Delaborde. The primary source which confirms the information has not been identified. m REBECCA Marramaldo, daughter of ---. Delaborde records her family origin and marriage[772]. Nicolas & his wife had five children:

(a) AMELIO de Joinville . Conte di Sant’Angelo. A supporter of Louis d’Anjou, his assets were confiscated and in 1383 given to Niccoló di Sangro, while the county of Sant’Angelo was sold by Ladislas King of Sicily to Giovanni Zurlo[773]. m ---. The name of Amelio’s wife is not known. Amelio & his wife had [two children]:

(1) [JEAN NICOLAS de Joinville . Delaborde says that “Amelio paraît avoir été le père de Jean-Nicolas [et] Ilaria”[774].]

(2) [ILARIA de Joinville . Delaborde says that “Amelio paraît avoir été le père de Jean-Nicolas [et] Ilaria”[775]. Signora di Nusco, Ponte e San-Giorgio.]

(b) ELZEAR de Joinville (-after 1404). Abbot of Santa Maria di Gualdo 1404[776].

(c) GIOVANNA de Joinville . Delaborde records her parentage and marriage[777]. m as his third wife, LODOVICO de Sabran Conte di Ariano, son of GUILLAUME de Sabran Conte di Ariano & his wife Roberta di San Giorgio Ctssa d’Apici (-before 1388).

(d) FRANCESCA de Joinville . Delaborde records her parentage and marriage[778]. m GIOFREDDO di Marzano Conte d’Alife, son of ---.

(e) ILARIA de Joinville . Delaborde records her parentage and marriage[779]. m GIOVANNI Filangieri Signore di Lapigio, son of ---.

ii) AMELIO de Joinville (-after 1377). Marshal 1377[780].

iii) LOUIS de Joinville (-after 1384). Justiciar and Viceroy of Calabria 1375, he bought Maralfi in 1384[781]. m URSULINA GIULIA Ctss di Satriano, daughter of ---. Delaborde records her family origin and marriage[782].

iv) PHILIPPE de Joinville (-after 1381). m AGNESE di Pietramala, daughter of ---. Delaborde records her family origin and marriage[783].

2. ERARDE de Joinville (-after 1320). Delaborde records her parentage and marriage[784]. The king of Sicily [Delaborde says “Charles”, which is inconsistent with the date of this document] granted relief to "Erarde de Joinville fille de feu Geoffroy" who had unsuccessfully requested help from “Ilaria de Sus comtesse de S. Angelo, tutrice de Nicolas de J. son fils, héritier de feu Geoffroy son aïeul paternel”, by charter dated 30 May 1320. m FILIPPO Siginolfo, son of ---.

N. CONTI di SARNO

Sarno is located north-west of Salerno in the present-day Italian region of Campania. It is recorded as a county in the 1080s, and again in the 1120s/1130s. No information has yet been found about the county after that time.

1. ONFROI (-1081 or before). [Conte di Sarno. "Gaitelgrime comtesse de Sarno, veuve du comte Anfroi" is named in a charter dated 1081[785].] m as her second husband, GAITELGRIMA of Apulia, widow of DROGO, daughter of ROBERT "Guscard" Duke of Apulia & his [second wife Sichelgaita di Salerno]. Chalandon records that Gaitelgrima, married firstly to Drogo and secondly to Onfroi, is named in a charter of Cava dated 1086[786]. "Gaitelgrime comtesse de Sarno, veuve du comte Anfroi" is named in a charter dated 1081[787]. Onfroi & his wife had one child:

a) RICHARD . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. m ---. The name of Richard’s wife is not known. Richard & his wife had one child:

i) RICCARDO (-after May 1125). "Richard comte de Sarno" "filius quondam domini Riccardi qui fuit comes, ortus ex genere Normannorum" issued a charter dated Jan 1115[788]. Chalandon states that Richard made his testament dated May 1125 in the presence of his son Enrico[789]. m ---. The name of Richard’s wife is not known. Richard & his wife had one child:

(a) ENRICO (-after Jan 1138). Chalandon states that Richard made his testament dated May 1125 in the presence of his son Enrico[790]. Conte di Sarno. "Enrico conte di Sarno, figlio del fu conte Riccardo" donated a mill to the church of Santa Maria built on the monte detto Vergine by charter dated Feb 1134[791]. "Il conte Enrico di Sarno, figlio del fu Riccardo" donated two serfs to the monastery of Montevergine by charter dated Jan 1138[792].

Chapter 4. COUNTIES in MOLISE

The present-day Italian region of Molise is located to the south of Abruzzo, north of Puglia [Apulia] and west of the regions of Lazio and Campania. The families of the counts of Civitate, Lesina, Loritello, Molise and Sangre are set out below. Apart from these counties, Bojano, Campomarino, Isernia, Larino, Pietrabbondante, Termoli, Trivento and Venafro have been identified as other counties in the Molise area but no information has yet been found concerning their counts.

A. CONTI di CIVITATE

The town of Civitate, now known as Civitella, is located north-west of Foggia in the present-day Italian region of Molise. It was the scene of the decisive battle between the Normans and a combined Swabian, Italian and Lombard army organised by Pope Leo IX in 1053. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Philippus de Civitate" holding fiefs "in demanium Campum Marinum", in the county of Civitate, as well as in "episcopus Civitatis"[793].

1. FILIPPO . Conte di Civitate. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Philippus de Civitate" holding fiefs "in demanium Campum Marinum", in the county of Civitate, "inter feudum et augmentum…milites LXII", as well as fiefs of "milites XL" in "episcopus Civitatis"[794].

2. --- . Conte di Civitate. m SICA, daughter of --- (-after 25 Feb 1178). Rao Bishop of Volturara Appula confirmed the privileges of the church of Santo Spirito at Celenza Valfortore ("Fontana della Noce"), at the request "del conte Enrico di Civitate e della madre contessa Sica", by charter dated 25 Feb 1178[795]. One child:

a) ENRICO (-after 25 Feb 1178). Conte di Civitate. Rao Bishop of Volturara Appula confirmed the privileges of the church of Santo Spirito at Celenza Valfortore ("Fontana della Noce"), at the request "del conte Enrico di Civitate e della madre contessa Sica", by charter dated 25 Feb 1178[796].

B. CONTI di LESINA

The following family sub-group was related to the Hauteville family according to William of Apulia (see below) but the precise relationship is not known.

1. AMICUS [I] . m ---. The name of Amicus's wife is not known. Amicus [I] & his wife had two children:

a) PIERRE (-after 1057). Lord of Trani from early 1042: Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[797]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[798]. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi records that "Unfredum…cum fratre Drogone" disputed the succession of their brother Guillaume with "Petrus consanguinitate propinquus", dated to 1046[799]. The same source reports that Pierre founded "Andrum…et…Coretum" {Andria and Corato}, and fortified "Buxilias, Barolum" {Bisceglie and Barletta}. He was defeated and captured by Drogo and his brother Onfroi. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi records the presence of "Petrus et Galterus Amici insignes soboles, simul Aureolanus, Ubertus Muscaque, Ranaldus, comes Hugo, comesque Giraldius, Bovianensis comitis comitatu Radulfi" at the battle of Civitate, dated to 17 Jun 1053[800]. Amatus records that "Peter son of Amicus" entered Melfi after the accession of Robert "Guiscard" in 1057, but the citizens rebelled against him and he fled to Cisterna[801]. m ---. The name of Pierre's wife is not known. Pierre & his wife had two children:

i) 2 daughters . Amatus records that Robert "Guiscard" "gave Peter's two daughters rich husbands"[802].

b) GAUTHIER (-after 1053). Lord of Civitate from early 1042: Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[803]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[804]. He was established as Conte di Lesina by Jun 1047[805]. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi records the presence of "Petrus et Galterus Amici insignes soboles, simul Aureolanus, Ubertus Muscaque, Ranaldus, comes Hugo, comesque Giraldius, Bovianensis comitis comitatu Radulfi" at the battle of Civitate, dated to 17 Jun 1053[806]. m ---. The name of Gauthier's wife is not known. Gauthier & his wife had one child:

i) PIETRO (-1092 or after). Conte di Lesina 1056/1092.

- see below.

ii) AMICUS [II] (-1090 or after). "Robertus comes Lorotelli, Amicus inclitus comes, Riccardus Andrie comes, Goffredus comes Cupersani, Petrus comes de Lesena, Robertus comes filius Guillelmi Ybonis comitis" declared the restitution of property to the monastery of Banzi by charter dated Jun 1063[807]. Conte di Molfetta 1063/1090.

- CONTI di MOLFETTA.

PIERRE, son of GAUTHIER Conte di Lesina & his wife --- (-1092 or after). "Petro filius Gualteri…comitis" donated property to the monastery of Tremiti by charter dated Jun 1058 and Feb 1069[808]. Conte di Lesina. "Robertus comes Lorotelli, Amicus inclitus comes, Riccardus Andrie comes, Goffredus comes Cupersani, Petrus comes de Lesena, Robertus comes filius Guillelmi Ybonis comitis" declared the restitution of property to the monastery of Banzi by charter dated Jun 1063[809]. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that "Northmanni et Petronius comes" captured "civitatem Traniensem" in Jan 1073, but that Duke Robert "Guiscard", returning from Sicily, expelled "Petronium comitem circa Barim" who "inimicatus est cum Rogerio"[810]. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that "Petronius comes" reentered Bari in 1079, from where he was expelled by Duke Robert in 1080, after which he reentered Trani[811]. "…Petronis comitis de Alesna…" subscribed a charter of Roger duke of Apulia dated Aug 1086[812].

m ---. The name of Pierre's wife is not known.

Pierre & his wife had three children:

1. FILIPPO (-after 1082). Philippe and Geoffroy, sons of Pierre Conte di Lesina, attested a charter dated 1082[813].

2. GODOFREDO (-after 1082). Lupus Protospatarius records that "Ioffredus comes filius Petronii" was obstructed by "quidam ductor Græcorum…Mambrita" in his pursuit of the Byzantines in 1066[814]. Philippe and Geoffroy, sons of Pierre Conte di Lesina, attested a charter dated 1082[815].

3. RAO (-after Feb 1119). Conte di Lesina. "Rao comes Lisine…Petronis comitis heres et filius" is named in a charter dated Feb 1119[816].

1. GUILLAUME (-after 1161). Conte di Lesina. Hugo Falcandus records that "Count William of Lesina, Bohemond of Tarsia" were already being held in chains in Palermo after the rebellion against Guillaume I King of Sicily in [1156][817]. Hugo Falcandus names "William of Lesina" among those responsible for the capture of Guillaume I King of Sicily in 1161[818].

2. GODEFREDO . Conte di Lesina. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Goffridus…Alexinæ" holding "de Domino Rege in demanio…de Peschizo…de Biccara…de Caprilia…de Barano… in Monte…in Syponto", in "Sanctus Johannes in Lama", with "milites XV et augmentum milites XX", "Banciam quam tenuit Henricus de Ullia…feudum IV militum et cum augmento…milites VIII", as well as fiefs in "episcopus Civitatis"[819].

D. CONTI di MOLISE (CONTI di BOIANO)

1. GUIMOND de Moulins (-before 1082). "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostre prole" donated property "in Rislo et in Moira et in Itone" and "de Molinis…meo castro, decimam" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to before 1067 (but presumably dated to before 1053, when the donors´ son Rodulf is recorded in Italy) signed by "…Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…"[820]. m as her first husband, EMMA, daughter of GEOFFROY & his wife --- (-after 1082). "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostre prole" donated property "in Rislo et in Moira et in Itone" and "de Molinis…meo castro, decimam" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [before 1053][821]. She married secondly Raon "Trincanocte" d’Eboli. "Emma fille de Geoffroi et veuve de Raon Trincanocte d’Eboli et de Gimond de Molise" donated property to Cava, with "les enfants de son fils Guillaume: Roger, Robert et Rainolf", by charter dated 1082[822]. Guimund & his wife had eight children:

a) RODULF de Moulins (-after Mar 1092). "…Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…" signed the charter dated to [before 1053] under which "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostre prole" donated "de Molinis…meo castro, decimam" to Chartres Saint-Père[823]. Conte di Boiano. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi records the presence of "Petrus et Galterus Amici insignes soboles, simul Aureolanus, Ubertus Muscaque, Ranaldus, comes Hugo, comesque Giraldius, Bovianensis comitis comitatu Radulfi" at the battle of Civitate, dated to 17 Jun 1053[824].

- see below, CONTI di BOIANO.

b) ROBERT de Moulins . "…Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…" signed the charter dated to [before 1053] under which "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostre prole" donated "de Molinis…meo castro, decimam" to Chartres Saint-Père[825].

c) ANTOINE de Moulins . "…Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…" signed the charter dated to [before 1053] under which "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostre prole" donated "de Molinis…meo castro, decimam" to Chartres Saint-Père[826].

d) GUIMOND de Moulins (-after 1075). "…Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…" signed the charter dated to [before 1053] under which "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostre prole" donated "de Molinis…meo castro, decimam" to Chartres Saint-Père[827]. Amatus records that Guido, brother of Gisulf Prince of Salerno, was killed by "Norman enemies" who ambushed him en route to Capua for a hearing concerning a dispute with "Guimund" with whom he jointly held the valley of San Severino, dated to 1075[828].

e) HUGUES de Moulins . "…Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…" signed the charter dated to [before 1053] under which "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostre prole" donated "de Molinis…meo castro, decimam" to Chartres Saint-Père[829].

f) ALAIN de Moulins . "…Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…" signed the charter dated to [before 1053] under which "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostre prole" donated "de Molinis…meo castro, decimam" to Chartres Saint-Père[830].

g) GUILLAUME de Moulins . "…Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…" signed the charter dated to [before 1053] under which "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostre prole" donated "de Molinis…meo castro, decimam" to Chartres Saint-Père[831]. m ---. The name of Guillaume´s wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had three children:

i) ROGER . "Emma fille de Geoffroi et veuve de Raon Trincanocte d’Eboli et de Gimond de Molise" donated property to Cava, with "les enfants de son fils Guillaume: Roger, Robert et Rainolf", by charter dated 1082[832].

ii) ROBERT . "Emma fille de Geoffroi et veuve de Raon Trincanocte d’Eboli et de Gimond de Molise" donated property to Cava, with "les enfants de son fils Guillaume: Roger, Robert et Rainolf", by charter dated 1082[833].

iii) RAINOLF . "Emma fille de Geoffroi et veuve de Raon Trincanocte d’Eboli et de Gimond de Molise" donated property to Cava, with "les enfants de son fils Guillaume: Roger, Robert et Rainolf", by charter dated 1082[834].

h) TORESGAUD de Moulins . "…Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…" signed the charter dated to [before 1053] under which "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostre prole" donated "de Molinis…meo castro, decimam" to Chartres Saint-Père[835].

RODULF de Moulins, son of GUIMOND Seigneur de Moulins & his wife Emma --- (-after Mar 1092). "…Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…" signed the charter dated to [before 1053] under which "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostre prole" donated "de Molinis…meo castro, decimam" to Chartres Saint-Père[836]. Conte di Boiano. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi records the presence of "Petrus et Galterus Amici insignes soboles, simul Aureolanus, Ubertus Muscaque, Ranaldus, comes Hugo, comesque Giraldius, Bovianensis comitis comitatu Radulfi" at the battle of Civitate, dated to 17 Jun 1053[837]. "Rodulfus comes…cognomina de Molinis…cum conjuge mea…Emma" donated the castle of Balneo to the church of Santa Croce di Isernia by charter dated 1088[838]. "Rodulfus cognomina de Molisio…comes patriæ Bovianensis" donated the church of Santa Cruce d’Isernia to Monte Cassino, for the souls of "Ugonis filii mei et Rogerii et Roberti nepotis mei filii Roberti filii mei…patris mei Guimundi et matris meæ Emma et filiorum meorum Robberti et Rodulfi et Wilielmi nec non et Alferadæ uxoris meæ iam defunctæ et filiarum mearum Adelicza et Beatricis", by charter dated Mar 1092[839].

m firstly ALFERADA di Guardia, daughter of ROFRIT Conte di Guardia & his wife --- (-before 1088). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Gesta Roberti Wiscardi which names "Molinensisque Rodulfi Rofredus socer – huius castrum Gardia" when recording the participation of the last named in the battle of Civitate (dated to 17 Jun 1053) in support of Pope Leon IX[840]. "Rodulfus cognomina de Molisio…comes patriæ Bovianensis" donated the church of Santa Cruce d’Isernia to Monte Cassino, for the souls of "Ugonis filii mei et Rogerii et Roberti nepotis mei filii Roberti filii mei…patris mei Guimundi et matris meæ Emma et filiorum meorum Robberti et Rodulfi et Wilielmi nec non et Alferadæ uxoris meæ iam defunctæ et filiarum mearum Adelicza et Beatricis", by charter dated Mar 1092[841].

m secondly EMMA, daughter of --- (-after 1088). "Rodulfus comes…cognomina de Molinis…cum conjuge mea…Emma" donated property by charter dated 1088[842].

Rodulf & his first wife had [nine] children:

1. HUGUES de Molise (-after Sep 1105). "Rodulfus cognomina de Molisio…comes patriæ Bovianensis" donated the church of Santa Cruce d’Isernia to Monte Cassino, for the souls of "Ugonis filii mei et Rogerii et Roberti nepotis mei filii Roberti filii mei…patris mei Guimundi et matris meæ Emma et filiorum meorum Robberti et Rodulfi et Wilielmi nec non et Alferadæ uxoris meæ iam defunctæ et filiarum mearum Adelicza et Beatricis", by charter dated Mar 1092[843]. Conte di Molise. "Ugo comes qui dicor de Mulisi filius quondam Rodulfi comitis" donated the monastery of San Benedetto di Dalfani to San Angelo ad Formas by charter dated Feb 1097, signed by "Grimoaldi comes palatii…"[844]. The Chronica Mon. Casinensis names "Ugo comitis de Molisio, filius comitis Raulis" when recording his donation of "castellum Vitecosum" in Sep 1105[845]. The Annales Casenses record that in 1098 "Ugo de Molisi" captured "Pandulfum comitem" and held him in chains[846]. m ---. The name of Ugo's wife is not known. Ugo & his wife had [three] children:

a) SIMONE di Molise (-[1114/18], bur Montecassion). The Chronica Mon. Casinensis records the death of "Symon filius Ugonis de Molisi" at "apud Yserniam" and his burial in Montecassino, undated but between passages recording events in 1114 and 1118[847].

b) [UGO di Molise (-29 Oct or 28 Dec [1156]). The Annales Casenses record that in 1135 "rex Rogerius" captured "Raynoni et Ugoni comitatum" at Aversa[848]. m firstly (repudiated before 1153) --- [of Sicily], illegitimate daughter of ROGER I King of Sicily & his mistress ---. Hugo Falcandus records that "Matthew [Bonellus] was captivated by the beauty of an illegitimate daughter of King Roger who had been married to Hugh Count of Molise"[849]. As this is probably dated to [1160/63] in this source, it is likely that she was one of the younger children of King Roger, born no later than [1130]. John of Salisbury records the attempt by Hugo de Molise to annul his first marriage, refused by Pope Eugenius III, but presumably subsequently accepted as his widow is recorded as still alive in 1206[850]. m secondly ([after 1153]) ADELAIDE, daughter of --- (-1206 or after). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified. John of Salisbury records the attempt by Hugo de Molise to annul his first marriage, refused by Pope Eugenius III, but presumably subsequently accepted as his widow is recorded as still alive in 1206[851].

c) [--- di Molise . The Ignoti Monachi Chronica records that in 1141 King Roger married "sororem comitis Ugonis de Molisio" by whom he had "filium Symonem, quem constituit principem Capue"[852]. Houben assumes that she was the mistress of King Roger[853], but assuming the date quoted in the Ignoti Monachi Chronica is correct, it is not impossible that the couple married as it is after his first wife´s death and well before his marriage with his known second wife. Mistress (1141) of ROGER II King of Sicily, son of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his third wife Adelaida di Savona [Monferrato] (22 Dec 1095-Palermo 26 Feb 1154, bur Palermo Cathedral).]

2. ROBERT di Molise . "Rodulfus cognomina de Molisio…comes patriæ Bovianensis" donated the church of Santa Cruce d’Isernia to Monte Cassino, for the souls of "Ugonis filii mei et Rogerii et Roberti nepotis mei filii Roberti filii mei…patris mei Guimundi et matris meæ Emma et filiorum meorum Robberti et Rodulfi et Wilielmi nec non et Alferadæ uxoris meæ iam defunctæ et filiarum mearum Adelicza et Beatricis", by charter dated Mar 1092[854]. m ---. The name of Robert´s wife is not known. Robert & his wife had two children:

a) ROGER . "Rodulfus cognomina de Molisio…comes patriæ Bovianensis" donated the church of Santa Cruce d’Isernia to Monte Cassino, for the souls of "Ugonis filii mei et Rogerii et Roberti nepotis mei filii Roberti filii mei…patris mei Guimundi et matris meæ Emma et filiorum meorum Robberti et Rodulfi et Wilielmi nec non et Alferadæ uxoris meæ iam defunctæ et filiarum mearum Adelicza et Beatricis", by charter dated Mar 1092[855].

b) ROBERT . "Rodulfus cognomina de Molisio…comes patriæ Bovianensis" donated the church of Santa Cruce d’Isernia to Monte Cassino, for the souls of "Ugonis filii mei et Rogerii et Roberti nepotis mei filii Roberti filii mei…patris mei Guimundi et matris meæ Emma et filiorum meorum Robberti et Rodulfi et Wilielmi nec non et Alferadæ uxoris meæ iam defunctæ et filiarum mearum Adelicza et Beatricis", by charter dated Mar 1092[856].

3. RODULF di Molise . "Rodulfus cognomina de Molisio…comes patriæ Bovianensis" donated the church of Santa Cruce d’Isernia to Monte Cassino, for the souls of "Ugonis filii mei et Rogerii et Roberti nepotis mei filii Roberti filii mei…patris mei Guimundi et matris meæ Emma et filiorum meorum Robberti et Rodulfi et Wilielmi nec non et Alferadæ uxoris meæ iam defunctæ et filiarum mearum Adelicza et Beatricis", by charter dated Mar 1092[857].

4. GUILLAUME di Molise . "Rodulfus cognomina de Molisio…comes patriæ Bovianensis" donated the church of Santa Cruce d’Isernia to Monte Cassino, for the souls of "Ugonis filii mei et Rogerii et Roberti nepotis mei filii Roberti filii mei…patris mei Guimundi et matris meæ Emma et filiorum meorum Robberti et Rodulfi et Wilielmi nec non et Alferadæ uxoris meæ iam defunctæ et filiarum mearum Adelicza et Beatricis", by charter dated Mar 1092[858].

5. SICHELGAITA di Molise (-after Sep 1101). "Goffridus…comes" donated land of S. Nicola to the abbot of Santa Maria di Nardò by charter dated May 1092, signed by "Sikelgaite comitisse, Roberti Cupersanensis…Rogerii vice comitis"[859]. "Sikelgaita filia Rao de Mulisi" is named with "son époux Geoffroy de Conversano" in a charter dated Oct 1093[860]. “Gofridus...comes Cupersani...et uxor mea Sikelgaita et filius meus Robbertus atque Alexander” donated property to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated 1098[861]. "Goffridus…[co]me[s] dominator civitatis Neritoni…cum Sechelgayta comitissa uxore mea et cum filiis nostris [R]oberto et [A]lexandri[o]" donated the church of Santa Anastasia di Matino, near Gallipoli to the monastery of Santa Maria di Nardò by charter dated Jan 1099[862]. "Goffridus…comes, Brundusine civitatis dominator…et mea uxor domina Sichelgaita" donated the churches of the parishes of Santa Maria antica and San Andrea dell´isola, Brindisi to the church of San Leucio, Brindisi by charter dated Aug 1100[863]. "Goffridus…comes dominator civitatis Neritoni…cum Sechelgayta comitissa uxore mea et cum filiis nostris domino Roberto et Alexandro" donated the church of SS Trinità, Nardò and other churches to the monastery of Santa Maria by charter dated Feb 1104, signed by "Robertus infans, Alexander, Ugo vice come…"[864]. "Sichelgaita comitissa, Goffredi comitis…quondam uxor…meique filii domini Tanchedi…comes" donated "il casale di Tuterano…il casale di Valerano, quello di Fenestrito" to the monastery of Santa Maria veterana di Brindisi by charter dated Apr 1107, signed by "Tanchredus comes---Constantia, Raimundi filius magni Raimundi…Sendi nepotis comitisse…"[865]. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex…Rogerii primi comitis heres et filius" confirmed past donations by "…comitis quoque Goffridi Cupersani et uxoris eius Sikelgaite comitisse" by charter dated 28 Sep 1133[866]. m GODEFROI Conte di Conversano, son of --- di Conversano & his wife --- de Hauteville (-Sep 1101).

6. --- di Molise (-after 1073). Malaterra names "miles…Ingelmarus" and records his marriage to "uxorem nepotis sui Serlonis…filia Rodulfi Bojanensis comitis"[867]. m firstly SERLON, son of SERLON & his wife --- (-killed in battle near Nicosia, Sicily summer 1072). m secondly INGELMAR, son of ---.

7. ADELISA di Molise . "Rodulfus cognomina de Molisio…comes patriæ Bovianensis" donated the church of Santa Cruce d’Isernia to Monte Cassino, for the souls of "Ugonis filii mei et Rogerii et Roberti nepotis mei filii Roberti filii mei…patris mei Guimundi et matris meæ Emma et filiorum meorum Robberti et Rodulfi et Wilielmi nec non et Alferadæ uxoris meæ iam defunctæ et filiarum mearum Adelicza et Beatricis", by charter dated Mar 1092[868].

8. BEATRICE di Molise . "Rodulfus cognomina de Molisio…comes patriæ Bovianensis" donated the church of Santa Cruce d’Isernia to Monte Cassino, for the souls of "Ugonis filii mei et Rogerii et Roberti nepotis mei filii Roberti filii mei…patris mei Guimundi et matris meæ Emma et filiorum meorum Robberti et Rodulfi et Wilielmi nec non et Alferadæ uxoris meæ iam defunctæ et filiarum mearum Adelicza et Beatricis", by charter dated Mar 1092[869].

9. [--- . The parents of Sende, nepos of Sichelgaita, wife of Godefroi Conte di Conversano, have not been identified. Either his mother or his father was presumably one of Sichelgaita´s brothers and sisters, presumably one of those which are named above. m ---. One child:]

a) SENDE (-after Apr 1107). "Sichelgaita comitissa, Goffredi comitis…quondam uxor…meique filii domini Tanchedi…comes" donated "il casale di Tuterano…il casale di Valerano, quello di Fenestrito" to the monastery of Santa Maria veterana di Brindisi by charter dated Apr 1107, signed by "Tanchredus comes---Constantia, Raimundi filius magni Raimundi…Sendi nepotis comitisse…"[870].

1. RICHARD de Mandra (-after 1167). Conte di Molise 1167: Hugo Falcandus records that "the queen created eight counts in that one year [1167]" including "Richard of Mandra"[871]. The Annals of Romoald record that "Stephanus...Cancellarius" [of Guillaume II King of Sicily] imprisoned "comitem Henricum fratrem regine...apud Regium", dated to 1168, and name “Riccardus comes de Mulisio, Bartholomeus de Parisio, Iohannes de Sinopolim” among those also captured[872]. The Ignoti Monachi Chronica records that "Riccardum de Mandra comitem" was captured and blinded after rebelling against King Guillaume II in 1168[873].

2. ROGER (-after 1196). The Annales Casenses record that in 1176 "comes Roggerius et comes Tancredus" went to Andria[874]. The Annales Casenses record that in 1190 "Roggerius Andreas et Richardus Caleni comites" supported "Tancredus comes Lici"[875]. Conte di Molise. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica name "comes Roggerius de Molisio" as one of Tancred's supporters when recording that he defected to Emperor Heinrich VI "in roccam Magenulfi" in 1193[876]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that "Roggerium Molisii comitem" besieged "Muscancervellus" in 1196 but died soon after[877].

3. TOMASO de Molise (-after Jul 1240). Conte di Molise. Conte di Celano. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Thomas Molisii comes" sent "filium suum" to Emperor Friedrich II in 1220, but that he took "roccam…Magenulfi" against the wishes of the emperor and left "comitissa uxore sua in rocca Boiani", adding that the latter fortress surrendered to the emperor "contra Thomam Celani et Milissi comitem" and that "uxorem suam comitissam" returned to "roccam Maienulfi" in 1221[878]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Acerrarum comes" besieged "rocce Maiennulfi" in which "comes Thomas" was holed up, in 1221[879]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "comes Thomas de Celano" escaped by night from "roccam…Magenulfi" and made his way to "castrum" held by "Raynerius de Aversa sororius eius", in 1222[880]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Thomas dictus Molisii comes" went to Spoleto, held by the Pope, in Jul 1240[881]. m --- (-after 1221). The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Thomas Molisii comes" sent "filium suum" to Emperor Friedrich II in 1220, but that he took "roccam…Magenulfi" against the wishes of the emperor and left "comitissa uxore sua in rocca Boiani", adding that the latter fortress surrendered to the emperor "contra Thomam Celani et Milissi comitem" and that "uxorem suam comitissam" returned to "roccam Maienulfi" in 1221[882]. It is possible that she was the sister of Rainerio di Aversa, as suggested by the same source which records that "comes Thomas de Celano" escaped by night from "roccam…Magenulfi" and made his way to "castrum" held by "Raynerius de Aversa sororius eius", in 1222[883]. Tomaso & his wife had one child:

a) son (-after 1220). The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Thomas Molisii comes" sent "filium suum" to Emperor Friedrich II in 1220, but that he took "roccam…Magenulfi" against the wishes of the emperor and left "comitissa uxore sua in rocca Boiani"[884].

4. KONRAD von Hohenlohe, son of HEINRICH von Hohenlohe & his first wife --- (-1249). Conte di Molise. Emperor Friedrich II granted "comitatum Molisii" to "Conradus de Hoenloch" by charter dated Dec 1229[885]. Conte di Romagna. "…Cunradus de Oenlo comes Romaniole…" witnessed the charter dated Apr 1230 under which Emperor Friedrich II confirmed the privileges of Kloster Tegernsee[886]. "…Conradus de Ollo comes Molisii…" witnessed the charter dated Jul 1230 under which Emperor Friedrich II confirmed the renunciation by Otto Duke of Merano to claims over Istria and Carniola[887]. "Co. de Holl…comes Romaniole" granted Rimini the protection of Ravenna by charter dated to [1234/35][888].

E. SIGNORI di CASTEL PETROSO e di CAMPOCHIARO (AULNAY/ALNETO)

The origin in France of the Aulnay/Alneto family, several members of which arrived in southern Italy in the 1260s with Charles d’Anjou King of Sicily, has not been traced. Della Marra, in his mid-17th century review of the family, provides no suggestion about their French origin[889]. The family has not been connected either to the Aulnay family in Champagne (see the document CHAMPAGNE NOBILITY-CENTRAL CHAMPAGNE (MARNE)), the vicomtes d’Aulnay in Poitou (see POITOU-WESTERN), or to the Seigneurs d’Aulnay[-sous-Bois] near Paris (PARIS REGION NOBILITY-CLERMONT & DAMMARTIN). It should be noted that several other places named Aulnay have been identified in France so, without further indications, speculating on the precise origin of the Italian family seems fruitless. The 1252 charter quoted below indicates that one family member was present in Provence before the Italian expedition, but he could have arrived from elsewhere when Charles Comte d’Anjou [Capet] first acquired an interest in Provence on his marriage in 1246. Desvoyes records the arms of this Italian Aulnay family as “coupé de gueules et d’or, au lion naissant d’or sur gueules”[890], which has not yet been linked to any Aulnay family in France. It is not clear that all the persons named below were descended from a common ancestor.

1. GAUTHIER d’Aulnay (-after 1252). “...Gualterio de Alneto...” witnessed the 1252 charter under which Marseille submitted to Charles d’Anjou Comte de Provence[891].

1. JEAN d’Aulnay (-[1277/Mar 1278]). Minieri Riccio records that “Giovanni de Alneto francese” came with Charles I King of Sicily to conquer the kingdom and was the king’s “consigliere e familiare”[892]. Signore di Castel Peroso e di Campochiaro in Contado di Molise, di Tursi in Basilicata, e di Pettorano. Charles I King of Sicily granted him “tutti i beni feudali e burgensatici...siti in Capua, in Somma, in Massa, in Trocchia, in Polina”, confiscated from “Francesco d’Eboli”, by charter dated 1269[893]. Minieri Riccio records details of his career, noting that he was created “Maestro della Regia Marescallia” in 1274, “Vice Maestro Giustiziero del Regno”, and his death in 1277 or early 1278, before 15 Apr (see below)[894]. m ---. The primary source which names Jean’s wife has not been identified. Jean [I] & his wife had one child:

a) JEAN [II] d’Aulnay [d’Alneto] . Minieri Riccio records that “Giovanotto de Alneto suo figliuolo” swore allegiance to the king who confirmed his possession of his father’s fiefs by charter dated 15 Apr 1278, and was present in Calabria with Robert Comte d’Artois in 1283[895].

1. GARMOND d’Aulnay . He is named by Minieri Riccio when recording his marriage, with no indication of his parentage. m as her first husband, ALTRUDA di Polito, daughter of ---. Minieri Riccio records “Altruda de Polito detta pure De Lapolita” as widow of “Garmundo de Alneto maestro della regia marescialla e castellano di Rocca di Branda”, her second marriage, and her children by her second husband including her oldest son “Giovannotto” who married “Isabella Stendardo figliuola di Guglielmo Conestabile del Regno” who married secondly 12 Aug 1303 “milite Roberto de Alneto”[896]. She married secondly Philippe de la Gonesse, Marshal of the kingdom of Sicily, son of Guillaume Sénéchal de Provence (-[13 Aug 1283/Mar 1284]).

2. ISABELLE d’Aulnay . Minieri Riccio records that “Galeramo de Yuri” married “Isabella de Alneto”, by whom he had “tre figliuoli, Roberto, Galeramo detto pure Galeotto, ed Isabella”, and who married secondly “Baldone Rembaldo de Simiana consanguineo di re Carlo 2^e di Angiò”[897]. He does not state her parentage. m firstly GALERAMO de Yuri Signore di Lavello e Sarno, Seneschal of the kingdom of Sicily, son of --- (-31 Jan 1281). m secondly BALDONO REMBALDO di Simiana, son of ---.

3. GUILLAUME d’Aulnay (-after Nov 1291). Robert Comte d’Artois made payments in Italy to “Guillaume d’Aulnay”, who was still present in the kingdom of Sicily in Nov 1291 when Comte Robert returned to France[898]. Dunbabin suggests that Guillaume may have been related to “Gauthier d’Aulnay lord of Mesnil...one of three men nominated to look after Artois in Robert’s absence”[899].

Two siblings, parents not identified:

1. ROBERT d’Aulnay [d’Alneto] . Della Marra does not name his parents[900]. Signore di Carinola, Teano, Cassano, Caramanico. Camera records the death in 1320 of “Roberto d’Alneto (d’Aulnay), marito d’Isabella Stendarda”, noting his holdings in Cassano, Teano, Faciano, Caramanico in Abruzzo[901]. m (12 Aug 1303) as her second husband, ISABELLA Stendardo, widow of GIOVANNI de la Gonesse, daughter of GUGLIELMO Stendardo [Estendard/Estendart] Constable of the kingdom of Sicily & his first wife Giovanna di Ceccano. Minieri Riccio records that “Giovannotto”, eldest son of “Altruda de Polito detta pure De Lapolita” and her second husband “Filippo de la Gonesse”, married “Isabella Stendardo figliuola di Guglielmo Conestabile del Regno” (naming her mother in a later passage) who married secondly 12 Aug 1303 “milite Roberto de Alneto”[902]. Robert & his wife had [two] children:

a) MARGARITA d’Alneto (-[after 9 Dec 1342]). Campanile names “Margarita d’Alneto, unica figliuola di Roberto d’Alneto Signor di Carinola, di Teano, di Cassano, di Caramanico” and records her two marriages (no sources cited)[903]. Camera notes that I registri angioini name Margherita as “unigenita filia quond. nobilis domini Roberti de Alneto”[904]. "Bertrand de Baux de Berre duc d’Andrie" received a proxy from “Marguerite d’Aulnay son épouse”, which he presented to “Benoit Ruffo, juge de la ville d’Aversa”, by charter dated [1332/33][905]. Her two marriages are confirmed by the following document: a charter dated 1305 [presumably misdated: 1335?] records a royal commission obtained by “Bertrand des Beaux chevalier Comte de Montescagens et Marg. Daunay sa femme, avant veuve de Louis de Flandre chevalier” against “la Dame de Cassel” confirming revenue from “l’Espier de Bergues” as dower assigned to Marguerite, a decision of the parlement de Paris dated 9 Dec 1342 relating to the same matter[906]. m firstly LOUIS de Flandre, son of PHILIPPE de Flandre Conte di Teano & his second wife Philippa de Milly ([1305/07]-after 15 Jul 1311). m secondly (1324) as his second wife, BERTRAND de Baux Conti di Andria, son of BERTRAND de Baux Seigneur de Berre, Barone di Trogessana & his wife --- (-Naples 1351 bur Naples).

b) [ROBERTA d’Alneto . Camera notes that, despite I registri angioini naming Margherita as “unigenita filia quond. nobilis domini Roberti de Alneto”, “il genealogista Della Morra” records another daughter “Roberta...moglie di Bartolomeo Siginulfo già conte di Telese e di Caserta”[907]. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been verified. m BARTOLOMEO SIGINULFO Conte di Telese e di Caserta, son of ---.]

2. ISABELLE d’Aulnay (-30 Oct 1341). Della Marra records Isabelle as sister of Robert d’Aulnay (without naming their parents) as well as her three marriages[908]. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been verified. “Lodovico di Savoia Signore di Vaud” granted “Isabella d’Aulnai sua Consorte” the castle of Iverdun in the diocese of Lausanne by charter dated 1 May 1301[909]. The contract of marriage between “Lodovico di Savoia Signore di Vaud” and “Isabella d’Aulnay” is dated 1 May 1301[910]. The testamentary codicil of “Lodovico di Savoia Signore di Vaud” dated 10 Jan 1301 makes bequests “…di Lui Consorte Isabella”, referring to the possibility of a posthumous child born from his wife[911]. m firstly BALDONE Signore di Seminara, son of ---. m secondly ROBERT de Sauriac, Grand Seneschal of the kingdom of Sicily, son of ---. m thirdly (contract 1 May 1301) as his third wife, LOUIS de Savoie Baron de Vaud, son of THOMAS [II] Conte [Marchese] del Piemonte & his second wife Beatrice Fieschi ([1254]-[10 Jan 1302/27 Apr 1303]).

1. ROBERTO d’Alneto (-after 1327). He is named in the 1327 charter which names his daughter, quoted below. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Robert’s wife has not been identified. Roberto & his wife had one child:

a) CATERINA d’Alneto (-after 1337). "Bertrand de Baux de Courtheson, fils d’Amiel de Baux, Catherine d’Aulnay son épouse et Robert d’Aulnay son beau-père, assisté de son épouse Jacquette del Bosco veuve de Gérard d’Aulnay son premier mari" agreed “[le] douaire assigné à Catherine sur le fief d’Alessano” by charter dated 1327[912]. Robert King of Sicily ordered an enquiry into the fights between "les vassaux...de Jean d’Amendolara de Jeanne Ruffo de Calabre son épouse" and “ceux d’Amiel et Jean Théodin de Baux son fils, de Bérard et François de Baux, fils de Théodin, de Catherine d’Aulnay, belle-fille d’Amiel” and punishment of those found guilty by charter dated 11 Jun 1335[913]. A charter dated 1337 records "l’assignation du douaire de Catherine d’Aulnay veuve de Bertrand de Baux de Courtheson, fils de Amiel de Baux" over “divers domaines de Venticani, Portigliola...” made by “François de Larath comte de Caserte son deuxième mari”[914]. m firstly ([1327]) BERTRAND de Baux, son of (-[1327/11 Jun 1335]). m secondly (1337) FRANCESCO di Loreto Conte di Caserta, son of ---.

F. CONTI di SANGRO

1. MAINERIO . Conte di Trivento. m ---. The name of Mainerio's wife is not known. Mainerio & his wife had one child:

a) TEODINO . m ---. The name of Teodino's wife is not known. Teodino & his wife had one child:

i) SIMONE (-before Oct 1156). Conte di Sangro. Hugo Falcandus names "Simon of Sangro" among the leaders of the conspiracy against Guillaume I King of Sicily in [1156], records that he was summoned to court after the rebellion but died before he could be arrested[915]. m ---. The name of Simone's wife is not known. Simone & his wife had one child:

(a) MANFREDO . He donated houses at Butera to the bishopric of Lipari for his father's soul by charter dated Dec 1158[916].

ii) [TEODINO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.] m ---. The name of Teodino's wife is not known. Teodino & his wife had two children:

(a) SIMONE (-1168). Conte di Sangro. Hugo Falcandus records that "the queen created eight counts in that one year [1166]" including "Simon of Sangro"[917]. Hugo Falcandus records the death in [1168] of "Count Simon de Sangre…his brother Richard was appointed to his position"[918]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Simonus filius comitis Todini" holding "in principatu Capuæ Castellum Sangri…Scheniam Fortem cum Rocca Sicca in Terra Burrellensi…et Alfidenam in Terra Burelli…et Roccam de Entremonte…et Roccam…et Collem Angelum in Alba…et Scamnum…et Fracturam…et Castrum…at Aversam Curiam…et Bugnaram…et Pilem in Terra Burrelli…in Ducatu…et Castellum Tassi" in "comitatu Simonis comitis de Sangro", with "milites XXXIII et augmentum milites LXVIII, inter feuda et augmentum milites C" and listing his feeholders[919]. m ---. The name of Simone´s wife is not known. Simone & his wife had one child:

(1) IOSSELINO . The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Joczelinus filius eius" (immediately after the section which records the holding of "comes Simonus filius comitis Todini") holding "a Domino Rege in Penne Loretum…et Collem Corbinum…et Civitatem Sancti Angeli…et Spentarum…et…in Thete Gyssum" in "comitatu Simonis comitis de Sangro…de eadem Comestabulia comitis Boamundi", with "de proprio feudo…milites XXV et augmentum eius milites XXXVII, inter feudum et augmentum…milites LXII" and listing his feeholders[920].

(b) RICHARD di Sangro . Conte di Sangro. Hugo Falcandus records the death in [1168] of "Count Simon de Sangre…his brother Richard was appointed to his position"[921].

1. FILIPPO (-[1162]). Conte di Sangro. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Jonathas comes Consiæ et Gilbertus comes Gravinæ et Boamundus comes Monopelli et Rogerus comes Acerræ et Philippus comes de Sangro et Rogerius Tricarici comes" rebelled against "Mayonem Ammiratum", dated to 1160 from the context[922].

Chapter 5. COUNTIES in PUGLIA

The medieval counties in the present-day Italian region of Puglia [Apulia] have been identified as Andria, Conversano, Gravina, Lecce, Matera, Molfetta, Montescaglioso, and Principato. The "Catalogus Baronum", compiled under the auspices of Guillaume II "le Bon" King of Sicily and so dated to [1168], divides its listing of the fiefs in the duchy of Apulia by constabularies of "Franfalii de Briticto…terræ Bari…comitatus Gravinæ…"[923].

A. CONTI di ANDRIA, DUCHI di ANDRIA

Andria is located near the Adriatic coast in the present-day Italian region of Puglia, south of Barletta and Trani. Conti di Andria of Norman origin are recorded from the mid-11th century. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Andria…Minorbino…Sancto Arcangelo…Policore…Rocca…Colobrara…Castello Novo…Banciam" as the fiefs held from the count of Andria, together with the names of the corresponding feeholders[924]. This record does not name the count, suggesting that the title was in abeyance at the time, probably coinciding with the period which followed the expulsion of Conte Bertrand and the appointment of Ruggiero as count in 1168. The title was granted to a branch of the Baux family by the Angevin kings of Sicily in the early 14th century.

1. RICCARDO (-after Jun 1063). Conte di Andria. "Robertus comes Lorotelli, Amicus inclitus comes, Riccardus Andrie comes, Goffredus comes Cupersani, Petrus comes de Lesena, Robertus comes filius Guillelmi Ybonis comitis" declared the restitution of property to the monastery of Banzi by charter dated Jun 1063[925].

2. GOFFREDO (-after [1130]). Conte di Andria. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "Grimoaldus Barensium princeps, Gofridus comes Andrensis, Tancredus de Conversano atque Rogerius Orianensis comes…et Robertus Capuanorum princeps" supported the Pope in opposing the accession of Roger Count of Sicily in Apulia (in 1127)[926]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "comes Andrensis Gofridus" opposed Roger King of Sicily at Taranto, dated to [1130] from the context[927].

3. RICHARD de Lingèvres (-killed in battle 1155). Conte di Andria. He was killed fighting the Byzantines, after which his county remained vacant until it was granted to Bertrand di Gravina[928].

1. BERTRAND, son of GILBERT du Perche Conte di Gravina & his wife --- (-after 1168). Hugo Falcandus records that "the queen created eight counts in that one year [1166]" including "the count of Gravina's son Bertram"[929]. Conte di Andria. The Annales Casenses record that in 1168 "comes Gilbertus et Bertaraimus filius eius" were expelled from the kingdom and went to Jerusalem[930], the Romoaldi Annales specifying that he was "Berteraimo filio suo comite Andrie"[931]. Hugo Falcandus records the decision to expel "Count Gilbert de Gravina and his son Count Bertram from the realm" in [1168][932].

1. GUERIN . m ---. The name of Guérin's wife is not known. Guérin & his wife had one child:

a) RICCARDO (-killed 1122). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. He was killed in the peasant uprising of 1122. m ---. The name of Richard's wife is not known. Richard & his wife had one child:

i) RICCARDO (-1146 or after). "Il signore di Trevico Riccardo, figlio del fu Riccardo" donated land at Acquara with the church of San Giovanni to the monastery of Montevergine by charter dated May 1136[933]. Signor di Trevico in Apulia. m SABASTA, daughter of --- (-after May 1136). "Il signore di Trevico Riccardo, figlio del fu Riccardo" donated land at Acquara with the church of San Giovanni to the monastery of Montevergine, and "la moglie di Riccardo…Sabasta" donated a mill, by charter dated May 1136[934]. Richard & his wife had one child:

(a) RUGGIERO (-killed Santa Agatha 1190). Hugo Falcandus names "Roger son of Richard" among the leaders of the conspiracy against Guillaume I King of Sicily in [1156][935]. Hugo Falcandus records that "the queen created eight counts in that one year [1166]" including "Roger son of Richard"[936]. Conte di Alba 1166. Conte di Andria 1168. "Il conte Ruggiero di Andria…comestabile e giustiziere di Puglia e Terra di Lavoro" confirmed the usurpation of property "dal defunto conte Ruggiero di Avellino" by charter dated Jan 1184[937]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica refers to the rebellion of "Roggerius quidam Andrie comes…cum tempore memorati regis Guilielmi totius regni magister iustitiarius fuerit, et in Apulia plenum tunc dominium exerceret" in support of Emperor Heinrich II, that he held "rocca Sancte Agathe", where he was captured and killed by "Acerrarum comes"[938]. m ---. The name of Roger´s wife is not known. Roger & his wife had one child:

(1) ROBERTO di Calaggio (-after Sep 1200). The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that King Tancred captured "roccam Sancte Agathe", which was held by "Robbertus de Calagio dicti comitis Andrie filius", and "aput Lariciam" captured "quondam Robbertum filium Ryzardi", in 1193[939]. "Il conte Roberto figlio del fu conte Ruggiero di Andria" donated "un casalino…nel castello di Flumeri alla Piazza Pagualda" to the abbey of Montevergine by charter dated Sep 1200[940].

2. BARTOLOMEO . Conte di Andria. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Comes Bertheraymus Andriæ" directly holding "Andria…Minorbino…Sancto Arcangelo…Policore…Rocca…Colobrara" as fiefs in the county of Andria, with "milites XXXI et cum augmento milites LXXII"[941].

1. GIACOPO (-after 1218). The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica refers to Pope Innocent III sending "Iacobum Andrie postea comitem, consobrinum suum" to oppose Markward who was defeated in Apulia in 1199[942]. Conte di Andria. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "Pelagius Albanensis episcopus" left Brindisi "cum Iacobo comite Andrie" sailing "in Syriam" in 1218[943].

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following family have not been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

BERTRAND de Baux, son of BERTRAND de Baux Seigneur de Berre, Barone di Trogessana & his wife --- (-Naples 1351, bur Naples). Conte di Montescaglioso: Charles II King of Sicily granted "le comté de Montescaglioso dans la Basilicate, comprenant Montecaveoso, Pomarico, Uggiano, Camarda, Craco et Montepeloso" to “Bertrand de Baux III, de Berre” by charter dated 5 Jan 1309[944]. Conte di Andria: Charles II King of Sicily granted "la haute seigneurie et le pouvoir de glaive sur toutes les terres qu’il possède dans le royaume de Sicile" to “son...fils Bertrand de Baux de Berre comte d’Andrie et de Montescaglioso...en son nom...et au nom de son épouse Béatrix fille du Roi” by charter dated 24 Jan 1309[945]. Seigneur de Berre, Vicomte de Misson. “Bertrand de Baux III comte de Montecaveoso seigneur de Berre” received homage from “Raymond Bermond coseigneur du château supérieur de Goult et des Baumettes”, as heir of "son frère Guillaume de Baux II”, by charter dated 10 Sep 1344[946]. Captain-General of Tuscany, Grand-Justiciar of Naples-Sicily. The primary source which confirms his date of death and place of burial has not been identified.

m firstly (before 24 Jan 1309) as her second husband, BEATRICE of Sicily, widow of AZZO [VIII] Signore d'Este e Ferrara, daughter of CHARLES [II] King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Maria of Hungary (-Andria [1320/21], bur Andria). Charles II King of Sicily granted "la haute seigneurie et le pouvoir de glaive sur toutes les terres qu’il possède dans le royaume de Sicile" to “son...fils Bertrand de Baux de Berre comte d’Andrie et de Montescaglioso...en son nom...et au nom de son épouse Béatrix fille du Roi” by charter dated 24 Jan 1309[947]. According to Kerrebrouck, she died in 1335[948]. Europäische Stammtafeln, on the other hand, says that she died in [1320/21][949], which is consistent with her husband’s second marriage.

m secondly (1324) as her second husband, MARGHERITA d’Alneto, widow of LOUIS de Flandre, daughter of ROBERT d’Aulnay [d’Alneto] Signore di Carinola, Teano, Cassano, Caramanico & his wife Isabella Stendardo (-[after 9 Dec 1342]). Campanile names “Margarita d’Alneto, unica figliuola di Roberto d’Alneto Signor di Carinola, di Teano, di Cassano, di Caramanico” and records her two marriages (no sources cited)[950]. Camera notes that I registri angioini name Margherita as “unigenita filia quond. nobilis domini Roberti de Alneto”[951]. "Bertrand de Baux de Berre duc d’Andrie" received a proxy from “Marguerite d’Aulnay son épouse”, which he presented to “Benoit Ruffo, juge de la ville d’Aversa”, by charter dated [1332/33][952]. Her two marriages are confirmed by the following document: a charter dated 1305 [presumably misdated: 1335?] records a royal commission obtained by “Bertrand des Beaux chevalier Comte de Montescagens et Marg. Daunay sa femme, avant veuve de Louis de Flandre chevalier” against “la Dame de Cassel” confirming revenue from “l’Espier de Bergues” as dower assigned to Marguerite, a decision of the parlement de Paris dated 9 Dec 1342 relating to the same matter[953].

Bertrand & his first wife had one child:

1. MARIE de Baux (-Rhodes [Feb/Apr] 1347). The Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus records the marriage of "Humbertus Delphinus" and "Mariam Bauciam comitis Montis Campi filiam, Roberti regis Siciliæ neptem"[954]. "Roberti…Hierusalem et Siciliæ Regis" granted revenue to "Dom. Humbertus Dalphini…nepos noster" in consideration of his marriage with "Domicella Maria nata…Bertrandi de Baucio Montis Caveosi comitis nepte nostra" by charter dated 26 Jul 1332[955]. The Chronicle of Matthias Nueweburgensis records that "Delphini Viennenses…iunior Humbertus" married "filiam sororis Roberti regis…[et] [comitis] Novellus"[956]. The testament of "Dom. Humb. Dalph. Vienn. Sedis Apst. Capitaneus Generalis" is dated 29 Jan 1347 at Rhodos provided a pension for "Dom. Mariæ de Baucio Dalph. Vienn…consorti meæ"[957]. Pope Clement VI sent letters of condolence to "Humberto Dalphino Vienn." on the death of "quondam Mariam conjugem tuam" dated 15 May 1347[958]. Betrothed (Papal dispensation 1329, contract terminated before 9 Nov 1330) to Infante don FERNANDO de Mallorca, son of Infante don FERNANDO de Mallorca titular Prince of Achaia & his second wife Isabelle Ibelin (posthumously Cyprus 5 May 1317-Omélas [1343/47]). The dispensation issued by Pope John XXII for this marriage is dated 1329[959], whatever contractual arrangement being terminated before 9 Nov 1330 when Pope John XXII authorised Fernando to enter the Franciscan order. Vicomte d'Omélas. m (after 26 Jul 1332) HUMBERT [II] de Viennois, son of JEAN [II] Comte d’Albon Dauphin de Viennois [la Tour du Pin] & his wife Béatrice of Hungary ([1312]-Clermont-en-Auvergne 22 May 1355, bur Paris Dominican convent). He succeeded his brother in 1333 as Dauphin de Viennois.

Bertrand & his second wife had six children:

2. GUILLAUME de Baux (-after 1352). Pithon-Curt records his parentage (naming him as second son), noting that Robert King of Sicily granted him “le comté de Noya dans la terre de Bari” and made him “Chevalier du Nœud ou du S. Esprit” in 1352 (no sources cited)[960]. same person as...? GUILLAUME de Baux (-after 13 Feb [1368/69]). Baron de Berre et de Misson: "Guillaume de Baux, baron de Berre et de Mison” appointed “auditeurs de comptes pour la communauté de Berre” by charter dated 13 Feb 1368 (O.S.?) at Aix[961]. The primary source which confirms this co-identity has not been identified, although the descent of the Andria branch of the Baux family from the seigneurs de Berre suggests that it may be correct.

3. FRANCESCO del Balzo ([1329/30]-1422). Conte di Montescaglioso e Avellino. Governor of Naples, created Duca di Andria in 1373.

- see below.

4. SANCIE de Baux . The marriage contract between "Aymar de Poitiers dit Terçolet fils de Louis comte de Valentinois” and “Sancie fille de Bertrand de Baux de Berre comte de Montecaveoso”, with “Humbert II dauphin de Viennois et son épouse Marie de Baux” promising to respect the conditions, is dated 13 Nov 1343[962]. Betrothed (13 Nov 1343) to AYMAR de Poitiers, son of LOUIS de Poitiers Comte de Valentinois & his wife Marguerite de Vergy Dame de Vadans (-[23 Mar/10 Aug] 1374, bur Crest Franciscan Monastery). He succeeded his father in 1345 as Comte de Valentinois.

5. ISABELLA del Balzo (-1379). Pithon-Curt records her parentage, marriage, and marriage date (no sources cited)[963]. The sources which confirm this information, as well as her date of death, have not been identified. m (1359) ANTONIO di Sanseverino Conte di Marsico, son of --- (-1384).

6. CATERINA del Balzo (-8 Jan 1398). Pithon-Curt records her parentage, marriage, and date of death, and her husband’s parentage (no sources cited)[964]. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been identified. m ONORATO Caetani Conte di Fondi, son of NICCOLO Caetani Conte di Fondi & his wife --- ([1336]-1400). Rector of Campania, he was dismissed by Pope Urban VI. Excommunicated several times, he invited to his castle at Anagni the dissident cardinals supported by Jeanne I Queen of Sicily and personally crowned the anti-Pope Clement VI, triggering the Great Schism in the Catholic church[965].

7. BLANCHE . Pithon-Curt records her parentage and marriage, assuming that “Blanche” was the same daughter as “Sancie” who is named above (no sources cited)[966]. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been identified. m JEAN d'Enghien Conte di Castro, son of GAUTHIER [III] Seigneur d'Enghien & his wife Isabelle de Brienne (-1380)

The relationships between the following persons and the main Baux-Andria family have not been ascertained:

1. EMILIO del Balzo (-after 23 Apr 1422). The testament of “François de Baux duc d’Andrie”, dated 23 Apr 1422, bequeathed property to “Emile de Baux comte d’Alessano”, and named as executor “Gabriel de Baux son parent...”[967].

2. GABRIELE del Balzo (-after 23 Apr 1422). The testament of “François de Baux duc d’Andrie”, dated 23 Apr 1422, bequeathed property to “Emile de Baux comte d’Alessano”, and named as executor “Gabriel de Baux son parent...”[968].

FRANCESCO del Balzo, son of BERTRAND de Baux Conte d'Andria e Montescaglioso & his second wife Marguerite d'Aulnay ([1329/30]-1422). Conte di Montescaglioso e Avellino. Governor of Naples, created Duca di Andria 1373 by his brother-in-law Louis II King of Sicily. He rebelled against Queen Jeanne I, who confiscated his possessions 8 Apr 1374[969]. He exiled himself to Rome, later Avignon, but his position in Naples was restored to him by Charles III King of Sicily [Anjou][970]. The testament of “François de Baux duc d’Andrie”, dated 23 Apr 1422, named as universal heir “son fils aîné Guillaume de Baux né de sa femme Suève des Ursins”, disinherited “son fils cadet Bianchino de Baux né de la même Suève, parce qu’il est homme de mauvaise vie, joueur et coupable de beaucoup de méfaits”, bequeathed property to “Emile de Baux comte d’Alessano”, and named as executor “Gabriel de Baux son parent...”[971].

m firstly (1350) LUISA di Sanseverino, daughter of TOMMASO di Sanseverino Conte di Marsico & his wife ---. Pithon-Curt says that “suivant Ferrante della Marra” Francesco married “en 1337...Louise de S. Severin fille de Tomas Comte de Marsico” (no source citation)[972]. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been identified. The date seems too early considering Francesco’s date of birth. The primary source which confirms her marriage date has not been identified.

m secondly (1352) as her second husband, MARGUERITE of Sicily-Taranto, divorced wife of EDWARD Balliol ex-King of Scotland, daughter of PHILIPPE of Sicily Principe di Taranto [Anjou-Capet] & his second wife Catherine de Valois titular Empress of Constantinople (-Naples in prison 1380, bur Naples San Domenico). Pithon-Curt records her parentage and two marriages, dating the second marriage to 1348 (no sources cited)[973].

m thirdly (8 Dec 1381) SVEVA Orsini, daughter of NICOLA Orsini Conte di Nola & his wife Giovanna de Sabran (-after 28 Jan 1398). Pithon-Curt records her parentage and marriage “sur la fin de 1381” (no sources cited)[974].

Francesco & his second wife had two children:

1. GIACOMO del Balzo (-Taranto 17 Jul 1383, bur Taranto, San Cataldo). Principe di Taranto. He found refuge in Greece after his father was driven out of Naples in 1374 by Queen Jeanne I[975]. He succeeded his mother as titular Emperor of Constantinople, Prince of Achaia, Despot of Romania, Lord of Albania and Corfu. He was unable to assume control over Achaia and Corfu as the barons declared themselves subjects of Jeanne I Queen of Sicily[976]. Under attack in Achaia by the Queen's forces, in 1380 he hired the Navarrese Company, under the commandership of Mahiot de Coquerel and Pedro Borgo de San Superán, which captured Corfu, Vostitza, and Zonklon (renamed Navarino)[977]. The testament of “Jacques de Baux...empereur de Constantinople, despote de Romanie, prince d’Achaïe et de Tarente...comme héritier de sa mère l’impératrice Marguerite de Tarente”, dated 15 Jul 1383, refusing to leave his lands to “son père François de Baux duc d’Andrie”, bequeathed his property to “Louis d’Anjou duc de Calabre son cousin au troisième degré par la ligne maternelle” and asked him to maintain and arrange the marriages of “ses filles naturelles Magdeleine et Catherine”[978]. m (1382) as her second husband, AGNES di Durazzo, widow of CANSIGNORIO della Scala Signor di Verona, daughter of CHARLES di Durazzo Duke of Durazzo & his wife Marie of Sicily (1345-Naples 15 Jul 1388, bur Naples, Santa Chiara). Charles III King of Sicily granted safe passage to “Jacques de Baux...avec sa femme Agnès de Duras” by charter dated 11 Sep 1382[979]. King Charles III granted Corfu as part of her dowry by charter dated 16 Sep 1382[980]. Jacques had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:

a) MADDALENA (-after 15 Jul 1383). The testament of “Jacques de Baux...”, dated 15 Jul 1383, bequeathed his property to “Louis d’Anjou duc de Calabre son cousin au troisième degré par la ligne maternelle” and asked him to maintain and arrange the marriages of “ses filles naturelles Magdeleine et Catherine”[981].

b) CATERINA (-after 15 Jul 1383). The testament of “Jacques de Baux...”, dated 15 Jul 1383, bequeathed his property to “Louis d’Anjou duc de Calabre son cousin au troisième degré par la ligne maternelle” and asked him to maintain and arrange the marriages of “ses filles naturelles Magdeleine et Catherine”[982].

2. ANTONIA (-23 Jan 1374, bur Messina). m ([17 Jan 1372/26 Nov 1373]) as his first wife, FEDERIGO II "il Simplo" King of Sicily, son of PIETRO II King of Sicily [Aragon] & his wife Elisabeth of Carinthia [Görz] (1 Sep 1341-Messina 27 Jul 1377).

Francesco & his third wife had three children:

3. GUGLIELMO (-[1444]). The testament of “François de Baux duc d’Andrie”, dated 23 Apr 1422, named as universal heir “son fils aîné Guillaume de Baux né de sa femme Suève des Ursins”[983]. He succeeded his father as Duca di Andria.

- see below.

4. BIANCHINO del Balzo (-after 23 Apr 1422). The testament of “François de Baux duc d’Andrie”, dated 23 Apr 1422, disinherited “son fils cadet Bianchino de Baux né de la même Suève, parce qu’il est homme de mauvaise vie, joueur et coupable de beaucoup de méfaits”[984].

- BARONI di SANTA CROCE.

5. MARGHERITA del Balzo (1394-15 Nov 1469, bur Cercamp). Pithon-Curt records her parentage, date of birth, marriage, marriage date, date of death, and place of burial (no sources cited)[985]. Her family origin and marriage are indicated by the 16 quarters displayed on the epitaph of her great-granddaughter: an epitaph at Grammont Saint-Adrien records the burial of “dame Marie de Bouchaulte dame de Boullers...” who died 23 Jul 1563, displaying the 16 quarters “Bouchaulte; Rochefort; Reygersvliet; Fosseux; Vienne; Buren; Poucques; Borschelle. Luxembourg; Baux; Melun; Abville; Ville; Rotselaer; Hamaide; Jagneulle”[986]. m (May 1405) PIERRE de Luxembourg, son of JEAN de Luxembourg Seigneur de Beauvoir et de Richebourg & his wife Marguerite d’Enghien Ctss di Conversano et de Brienne, dame d'Enghien (1390-Rambures 31 Aug 1433, bur Cercamp). He succeeded in 1430 as Comte de Saint-Pol.

GUGLIELMO del Balzo, son of FRANCESCO del Balzo Duca d'Andria & his third wife Sveva Orsini (-[1444]). The testament of “François de Baux duc d’Andrie”, dated 23 Apr 1422, named as universal heir “son fils aîné Guillaume de Baux né de sa femme Suève des Ursins”[987]. He succeeded his father as Duca di Andria. The testament of “Alis des Baux comtesse d’Avelin, Fribourg, Neuchâtel, Beaufort, vicomtesse de Turene”, dated 7 Aug 1426, bequeathed a debt due from “le Duc de Savoye” for the purchase of property given her by “feu monseigneur messire Ode de Vilars mon premier seigneur et mary” to “mon petit nepueu Iehan de Chalon fils de mon nepueu le Prince d’Orange”, her dower from “feu monseigneur le Comte de Fribourg mon second et dernier mary” to “mon nepueu messire Louis de Chalon Prince d’Orange” as well as a debt due from “le seigneur de Chauuigny comme fils et heritier de feu mon peyrastre messire Guy de Chauvigny” relating to the dower of “feu Madame ma mere”, and appointed “monseigneur Guillaume de Baux Duc d’Andrie, comme plus prochain que j’aye de lignage de par pere” as her universal heir (including with respect to property inherited from “feue...dame Antonie de Turene iadis comtesse de Beaufort, d’Alest, vicomtesse de Turene et mareschale de France”) with “messire Louis de Chalon mon nepueu Prince d’Orange” as substitute[988]. Pithon-Curt records that “une grande maladie lui ayant affoibli l’esprit, la Cour lui dona pour Curateur son fils aîné en 1444” (no sources cited)[989].

m MARIA Brunforta, daughter of ---. The primary source which records her family origin and marriage has not been identified. Pithon-Curt says that Guglielmo married firstly “suivant Philbert Campanille, avec Isabelle Accordiamuro, fille du Duc della Guardia et d’Antoinette de Montfort” and secondly “Marie des Ursins qui fut stérile” (no sources cited)[990].

Guglielmo & his wife had two children:

1. GUGLIELMO del Balzo . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.

2. FRANCESCO (1410-1482 bur Andria Dominicans). He succeeded his father as Duca di Andria. Grand Constable of the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily. Pithon-Curt records his date of death and place of burial (no sources cited)[991]. m SANCIE de Clermont [Sancia di Chiaromonte] Contessa di Cuppertino, daughter of BARTHELEMY “Tristan/Tristano” Seigneur de Clermont Conte di Cuppertino & his wife Caterina Orsini del Balzo dei Principi di Taranto, Signora di Cuppertino. Pithon-Curt records her parentage and marriage (no sources cited)[992]. Francesco & his wife had five children:

a) PIETRO (-murdered 1487). Pithon-Curt records his parentage, noting the enmity of Gianantonio Orsini del Balzo Principe di Tarento who disapproved of Pietro’s marriage with his niece (no sources cited)[993]. Duca di Andria. Principe di Altamura. Grand Constable of the kingdom of Naples and Sicily. He was strangled. Pithon-Curt records his arrest and imprisonment at “le Château neuf de Naples” where he was strangled and thrown into the sea “avec un de ses neveux à qui le Roi fit faire le même traitement sur la fin de l’an 1487” (no sources cited)[994]. m MARIA DONATA Orsini del Balzo Duchessa di Venosa, daughter of GABRIELE Orsini del Balzo Duca di Venosa & his wife Giovanna [Ippolita] Caracciolo del Sole. Pithon-Curt records her parentage and marriage (no sources cited)[995]. Pietro & his wife had four children (see Pithon-Curt for details of their lives[996]):

i) FEDERIGO . Conte di Acerra. m (1477) as her first husband, COSTANZA d'Avalos, daughter of ÍÑIGO López d’Avalos & his wife Antonietta d’Aquino Marchesa de Pescaria. She married secondly Gianbaptista di Marzano Principe di Rossano, Duca de Sessa e Squillace.

ii) ISOTTE (1460-1530 or after, bur Santa Chiara). Pss di Altamura. m (contract Flumari 25 Mar 1465, Andria 21 Jul 1471) PIETRO di Guevara Marchese del Vasto, Conte d’Ariano e d’Apici, son of --- (-after 1486).

iii) ANTONIA (-after 1538). m GIANFRANCESCO Gonzaga Conte di Sabionetta, son of LODOVICO Gonzaga di Mantua [later LODOVICO III Marchese di Mantua] & his wife Barbara von Brandenburg (1445-1498).

iv) ISABELLA (-in France 1533 or 1537). m (contract 16 Aug 1483, Andria 28 Nov 1486) as his second wife, FEDERIGO of Naples, Principe di Squilacce, Altamura e Taranto, son of FERRANTE I King of Naples [Aragón] & his first wife Isabelle Guilhem de Clermont [Isabella di Chiaromonte] Signora di Taranto (Naples 19 Apr 1452-in prison Plessis-lès-Tours 9 Nov 1504). He succeeded his nephew in 1496 as FEDERIGO IV King of Naples.

Pietro had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:

v) BELTRAN . 1491.

vi) MEDEA . 1491.

b) GIACOMO (-1469). Pithon-Curt records his parentage and date of death, noting that his parents granted him, with the king’s consent, “la ville de Motula et la seigneurie de San-vito” 9 Sep 1467, and that he was “Conseil Royal” (no sources cited)[997].

c) AGILBERTO (-murdered 1487). Pithon-Curt records his parentage and numerous titles (no sources cited)[998]. Duca di Nardo. Pithon-Curt records his rebellion and that he was strangled with his older brother and son, their bodies thrown into the sea (no sources cited)[999]. m ANTONIA Sanseverino Contessa di Castro e Ugento, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her family origin and marriage has not been identified. Pithon-Curt records his marriage with “Marie-Conquête des Ursins fille naturelle de Jean-Antoine dit de Baux, Prince de Tarente, Duc de Bari, Comte de Leccio” whose father “qui la regardoit come légitime” gave her as dowry “les comtés de Castro et d’Ugento” as well as her husband’s succession to Tarento after his death (no sources cited)[1000]. Agilberto & his wife had ten children (Pithon-Curt records the details of their careers (no sources cited)[1001]):

i) GIANPAOLO (-murdered 1487). Conte d'Ugento. He was strangled. m FRANCESCA di Guevara, daughter of PIETRO di Guevara Marchese del Vasto & his wife Isota Ginebra del Balzo.

ii) NICCOLO ANTONIO (-Buda ----). Abbot of Sasso-Sarte in Hungary.

iii) GUGLIELMO (-after 1499). Conte di Nola. He inherited property from his sister Isabella, among which Iribo castle in Hungary.

iv) RAIMONDO (-after 1507). Conte di Castro e d'Ugento. m (1472) LAURA [Antonietta] Colonna, daughter of GIORDANO Colonna Duca di Marsi e di Cavi & his first wife ---. Raimondo & his wife had one child:

(a) FRANCESCO (-Rome 1530). Conte di Castro e d'Ugento. Betrothed to BRIZA Carafa, daughter of ALBERIGO Carafa Duca d’Ariano & his wife Giovanna di Molisi. m VIRGINIA Carafa, daughter of GIAN VICENZO Marchese di Montefarchi & his wife Covella di Guevara. Francesco & his wife had one child:

(1) ANTONIA del Balzo . m (contract 11 Apr 1569) AMBROSIO Santapau Marchese di Licodia Principe di Butera, son of PONTIO di Santapau Barone di Butera, Marchese di Licodia & his wife Isabella di Brancaforte di Marzano.

v) ELEONORA . m GALERANO di Richisens Conte d’Avellino, son of ---.

vi) CATARINA [Isabella] . m (1472) as his second wife, GIORDANO Colonna Duca di Marsi e di Cavi, son of ---.

vii) MARGHERITA . m (1474) GIANFRANCESCO del Balzo Conte d’Alessano, son of ---.

viii) ANTONIA (-young).

ix) SANCIA (-young).

x) ISABELLA (-1498). m DJORDJE Stefanović, son of STEFAN Branković [Serbia] & his wife Angelina Araniti ([1462]-18 Jan 1516).

d) -- del Balzo (-1487). Pithon-Curt records his parentage, noting that he was “jetté dans la mer avec son frère aîné en 1487” (no sources cited)[1002].

e) CATARINA del Balzo . Pithon-Curt records her parentage, marriage, and her husband’s parents (no sources cited)[1003]. m PIETRO GIOVANNI PAOLO Cantelmi Duca di Sora e d’Alvito, son of NICCOLO Cantelmi Duca di Sora & his wife Antonella di Celano.

B. CONTI di ASCOLI

Ascoli presumably refers to the town of Ascoli Satriano, near Foggia, in the present-day Italian region of Puglia. Amatus records that, at the division of Italian territories agreed between the Normans at Melfi in 1042, Ascoli was granted to Guillaume d’Hauteville, who later became Duke of Apulia[1004]. No reference has been found to a county or lordship of Ascoli after that date, until the appointment of Berthold Markgraf von Hohenburg as Conte di Ascoli in 1251.

1. BERTHOLD [III] von Vohburg, son of DIEPOLD [VII] Markgraf von Vohburg & his second wife Mechtild von Wasserburg (-[2 Feb 1256/Sep 1257]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Markgraf von Hohenburg. "Fratres Perhtoldus et Diepoldus marchiones de Hohenburch" donated property to Kloster Altenburg by charter dated 9 Mar 1237[1005]. He was created Conte di Ascoli in 1251. Corrado I King of Sicily [Hohenstaufen] granted privileges to "A. (B.) marchio de Haimburg comes Ascoli…consanguineus" by undated charter dated to [1251/54][1006]. King Corrado appointed him ambassador to the court at Nikaia with a view to negotiating the return of some members of the Lancia family who had sought refuge with their relative Empress Anna after the death of Emperor Friedrich II[1007]. Grand Marshall of the kingdom of Sicily. He was appointed regent of Sicily for Konradin King of Sicily in 1254, but was displaced by Manfred von Hohenstaufen. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Bertholdus Marchio de Honebruch et fratres" were excluded from a general pardon by the future Manfredo King of Sicily, dated to [late 1255/early 1256] from the context[1008]. He died in prison[1009].

C. PRINCES of BARI

Grimoald "Alferanite" appointed himself as Prince of Bari, probably in 1118, in opposition to Roger II Count of Sicily. His name suggests Lombard origin, but no information has been found about his parentage. Bari remained autonomous until it was captured in 1131 by King Roger, who exiled Grimoald to Sicily. Iaquinto is recorded as prince of Bari in 1139, but no subsequent reference has been found to any independent rulers in Bari.

1. PANDO (-after [840]). Erchempert records "Pando" as leading of Bari [dated to [839/42] from the context][1010].

1. GRIMOALD "Alferanite" (-after Dec 1132). Prince of Bari, early 1118. The Romoaldi Annales record that "regina Constancia" was captured by "comite Alexandro et Grimoaldo Barense in Umenatia civitate" and taken to Bari in Aug, dated to 1119[1011]. The Annales Ceccanenses record that "reginam Boamundi" was freed from Bari in 1120, after the intercession of Pope Calixtus II[1012]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "Grimoaldus Barensium princeps, Gofridus comes Andrensis, Tancredus de Conversano atque Rogerius Orianensis comes…et Robertus Capuanorum princeps" supported the Pope in opposing the accession of Roger Count of Sicily in Apulia (in 1127)[1013]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that Pope Honorius II invaded Apulia in 1127 with "Roberto Capuano principe, Raydulfo comite Ayrolæ cognato prædicti ducis, cum Conversanensibus, Grimoaldo principe Barensi" in an unsuccessful attempt to expel Duke Roger, adding that "dux Rogerius" made peace "cum prædictis baronibus et Roberto Capuano principe" after the Pope withdrew later in the same year[1014]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "dominus Tancredus…cum domino Alexandro comite fratre suo et…domino Grimoaldo Barensi" made peace with Duke Roger 10 Aug [1129/30][1015]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Tancredus" besieged Brindisi in Sep 1132 after King Roger had returned to Sicily and that "Barensis princeps Grimoaldus" helped him and eventually captured the citadel in Dec[1016]. The Ignoti Monachi Chronica records that King Roger captured "Grimoaldum" after the capitulation of Bari and sent him to Sicily "cum uxore et filiis" in 1131[1017].

2. IAQUINTO (-after 1139). It is not known whether Iaquinto was related to Grimoald "Alferanite", but the fact that they both had Lombard names suggests that there might be a connection. Prince of Bari. The Romoaldi Annales record the activities of "Iaquintum, qui se principem Barensium vocari faciebat" negotiated peace with Roger II King of Sicily at Bari, dated to Oct 1139[1018].

D. CONTI di CONVERSANO

Conversano is located in the present-day Italian region of Puglia, due south of Bari. It is recorded as a county in the hands of Norman appointees from the mid-11th century. Robert de Basunvilla Conte di Conversano was appointed Conte di Loritello by Guillaume I King of Sicily in 1154, and no later reference to him has been found as count of Conversano. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Grumum…in Terlitio…Vineolam…Toram" as the fiefs held from the count of Conversano, totalling "feuda…XXIV et medium", together with the names of the corresponding feeholders[1019]. The source does not name the count, which suggests that the title had lapsed at that time. Hugues de Brienne was appointed Conte di Lecce and Signore di Conversano by Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet]. For his family, see the Conti di Lecce (below, in this chapter).

1. --- . The identity of the father of Godefroi Conte di Conversano is not known. As noted below, it has been speculated that he was Armand de Mortain, father of Robert Conte di Montescaglioso. m --- de Hauteville, daughter of TANCRED de Hauteville & his [first/second] wife [Moriella ---/Fressenda ---]. If Orderic Vitalis is correct in saying that "Geoffroy di Conversano" was nepos of Robert "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia, his mother was probably the Duke's sister[1020]. This is confirmed when Malaterra records that "Gaufridum de Conversano neptem suis [Roberti ducis]…filius…sororis suæ"[1021]. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi names "Robertus de Scabioso Monte comes…Gosfredi frater, et ambo orti germana fuerant ducis"[1022]. Guerrieri highlights that "Gosfredi" in this passage has been identified as Godefroi Conte di Conversano but that it is not possible to confirm whether this is correct[1023]. If the speculation is right, this daughter was the same person as the wife of Armand Comte de Mortain. One child:

a) GODEFROI [Geoffroy] (-[Sep] [Feb 1104/Apr 1107]). Malaterra names "Gaufridum de Conversano neptem suis [Roberti ducis]…filius…sororis suæ"[1024]. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi names "Robertus de Scabioso Monte comes…Gosfredi frater, et ambo orti germana fuerant ducis"[1025]. Guerrieri highlights that "Gosfredi" in this passage has been identified as Godefroi Conte di Conversano but that it is not possible to confirm that this is correct[1026]. If the speculation is right, Godefroi was the same person as Godefroi, son of Armand Comte de Mortain & his wife Beatrix de Hauteville. Conte di Conversano. Lord of Nardò. "Robertus comes Lorotelli, Amicus inclitus comes, Riccardus Andrie comes, Goffredus comes Cupersani, Petrus comes de Lesena, Robertus comes filius Guillelmi Ybonis comitis" declared the restitution of property to the monastery of Banzi by charter dated Jun 1063[1027]. [The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records the death in Apr 1063 of "Gauffredus comes" and that "Goffridus filius eius" captured Taranto and "Castru Motule"[1028]. "Gauffredus comes" in this source can probably be identified as Godefroi Conte di Loritello (see CENTRAL ITALY), who is not otherwise recorded as having a son named Godefroi. It is possible therefore that the Chronicon Breve incorrectly records his parentage and that the reference to the younger Godefroi, as well as the succeeding passages in the same source, relate to Godefroi Conte di Conversano. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that "Goffridus comes" captured "Castanetum" in 1064[1029]. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that "Goffridus comes" captured "Montem Pillosum" in Jun 1068, that "Hydrontum" was recaptured in Oct 1068, that "Goffridus comes" led a large fleet in attacking Brindisi in 1070, and captured Palermo in 1072[1030].] Protospatarius records "magnum homicidium factum…in civitate Brundusii" in Jan 1070 and that "Robertus dux" entered Brindisi in 1071[1031]. Presumably Godefroi was appointed Lord of Brindisi after its capture, but the date of his appointment has not been confirmed in any of the primary sources consulted during the preparation of the present document. “Goffridus...comiti” donated property “in civitate Cupersano que fuit Romoaldi protospatharii” to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated 1072[1032]. “Goffridus...comes Clarefacio intus civitate Cupersano” donated “piazza...prefata nostra cibitate Cupersano” to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated 1081[1033]. According to Orderic Vitalis, Godefroi was nepos of Robert "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia who called him to his deathbed in 1085[1034]. “Goffredus...comes dominator civitate Cupersani” donated “vicum Castellanum” to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated 1087[1035]. "Goffridus…comes" donated land of S. Nicola to the abbot of Santa Maria di Nardò by charter dated May 1092, signed by "Sikelgaite comitisse, Roberti Cupersanensis…Rogerii vice comitis"[1036]. "Goffridus…Brundusine civitatis dominator" donated property in the city of Brindisi to the abbess of Santa Maria veterana, in the presence of "Ursonis nostri vicecomitis", by charter dated Feb 1097[1037]. “Gofridus...comes Cupersani...et uxor mea Sikelgaita et filius meus Robbertus atque Alexander” donated property to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated 1098[1038]. "Goffridus…[co]me[s] dominator civitatis Neritoni…cum Sechelgayta comitissa uxore mea et cum filiis nostris [R]oberto et [A]lexandri[o]" donated the church of Santa Anastasia di Matino, near Gallipoli to the monastery of Santa Maria di Nardò by charter dated Jan 1099[1039]. "Goffridus…comes, Brundusine civitatis dominator…et mea uxor domina Sichelgaita" donated the churches of the parishes of Santa Maria antica and San Andrea dell´isola, Brindisi to the church of San Leucio, Brindisi by charter dated Aug 1100[1040]. "Goffridus…comes dominator civitatis Neritoni…cum Sechelgayta comitissa uxore mea et cum filiis nostris domino Roberto et Alexandro" donated the church of SS Trinità, Nardò and other churches to the monastery of Santa Maria by charter dated Feb 1104, signed by "Robertus infans, Alexander, Ugo vice come…"[1041]. Lupus Protospatarius records the death in Sep 1101 of "Goffridus comes" and that "Alexius filius eius" invaded Materia, although the charter quoted above, if correctly dated, shows that Godefroi was still alive in Feb 1104[1042]. m SICHELGAITA di Molise, daughter of RODULF de Moulins Conte di Boiano & his first wife Altruda di Guardia (-after Sep 1101). "Goffridus…comes" donated land of S. Nicola to the abbot of Santa Maria di Nardò by charter dated May 1092, signed by "Sikelgaite comitisse, Roberti Cupersanensis…Rogerii vice comitis"[1043]. "Sikelgaita filia Rao de Mulisi" is named with "son époux Geoffroy de Conversano" in a charter dated Oct 1093[1044]. “Gofridus...comes Cupersani...et uxor mea Sikelgaita et filius meus Robbertus atque Alexander” donated property to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated 1098[1045]. "Goffridus…[co]me[s] dominator civitatis Neritoni…cum Sechelgayta comitissa uxore mea et cum filiis nostris [R]oberto et [A]lexandri[o]" donated the church of Santa Anastasia di Matino, near Gallipoli to the monastery of Santa Maria di Nardò by charter dated Jan 1099[1046]. "Goffridus…comes, Brundusine civitatis dominator…et mea uxor domina Sichelgaita" donated the churches of the parishes of Santa Maria antica and San Andrea dell´isola, Brindisi to the church of San Leucio, Brindisi by charter dated Aug 1100[1047]. "Goffridus…comes dominator civitatis Neritoni…cum Sechelgayta comitissa uxore mea et cum filiis nostris domino Roberto et Alexandro" donated the church of SS Trinità, Nardò and other churches to the monastery of Santa Maria by charter dated Feb 1104, signed by "Robertus infans, Alexander, Ugo vice come…"[1048]. "Sichelgaita comitissa, Goffredi comitis…quondam uxor…meique filii domini Tanchedi…comes" donated "il casale di Tuterano…il casale di Valerano, quello di Fenestrito" to the monastery of Santa Maria veterana di Brindisi by charter dated Apr 1107, signed by "Tanchredus comes---Constantia, Raimundi filius magni Raimundi…Sendi nepotis comitisse…"[1049]. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex…Rogerii primi comitis heres et filius" confirmed past donations by "…comitis quoque Goffridi Cupersani et uxoris eius Sikelgaite comitisse" by charter dated 28 Sep 1133[1050]. Godefroi & his wife had [eight] children:

i) ROBERT di Conversano (-[Feb 1104/Apr 1107]). "Goffridus…comes" donated land of S. Nicola to the abbot of Santa Maria di Nardò by charter dated May 1092, signed by "Sikelgaite comitisse, Roberti Cupersanensis…Rogerii vice comitis"[1051]. “Gofridus...comes Cupersani...et uxor mea Sikelgaita et filius meus Robbertus atque Alexander” donated property to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated 1098[1052]. "Goffridus…[co]me[s] dominator civitatis Neritoni…cum Sechelgayta comitissa uxore mea et cum filiis nostris [R]oberto et [A]lexandri[o]" donated the church of Santa Anastasia di Matino, near Gallipoli to the monastery of Santa Maria di Nardò by charter dated Jan 1099[1053]. "Goffridus…comes dominator civitatis Neritoni…cum Sechelgayta comitissa uxore mea et cum filiis nostris domino Roberto et Alexandro" donated the church of SS Trinità, Nardò and other churches to the monastery of Santa Maria by charter dated Feb 1104, signed by "Robertus infans, Alexander, Ugo vice come…"[1054]. The charter dated Apr 1130, under which his brother "Tanchredus Cupersani…Brundusii comes" confirmed the donation "del casale di S. Donaci una volta dipendenti de sua madre" to the church of San Giovanni Battista, Brindisi, for the souls of "bone memorie domini Goffredi…comitis patris mei et domine Sichelgaite comitisse matris mee ac domini Roberti comitis fratris mei"[1055], suggests that Robert briefly survived his father and succeeded as Conte di Conversano.

ii) ALEXANDRE (-after 1133, [after 1161?]). “Gofridus...comes Cupersani...et uxor mea Sikelgaita et filius meus Robbertus atque Alexander” donated property to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated 1098[1056]. "Goffridus…[co]me[s] dominator civitatis Neritoni…cum Sechelgayta comitissa uxore mea et cum filiis nostris [R]oberto et [A]lexandri[o]" donated the church of Santa Anastasia di Matino, near Gallipoli to the monastery of Santa Maria di Nardò by charter dated Jan 1099[1057]. "Goffridus…comes dominator civitatis Neritoni…cum Sechelgayta comitissa uxore mea et cum filiis nostris domino Roberto et Alexandro" donated the church of SS Trinità, Nardò and other churches to the monastery of Santa Maria by charter dated Feb 1104, signed by "Robertus infans, Alexander, Ugo vice come…"[1058]. Lupus Protospatarius records the death in Sep 1101 of "Goffridus comes" and that "Alexius filius eius" invaded Materia, although the charter quoted above, if correctly dated, shows that Godefroi was still alive in Feb 1104[1059]. Conte di Conversano. "Alexandro…comite Cupersani" donated the church of San Nicolò di Ciliano to the abbot of Santa Maria di Nardò by charter dated May 1119, signed by "dopni Alexandri Cupersani comitis, dopni Tancredi filii Cupersani comitis"[1060]. The Romoaldi Annales record that "regina Constancia" was captured by "comite Alexandro et Grimoaldo Barense in Umenatia civitate" and taken to Bari in Aug, dated to 1119[1061]. Bohémond II Prince of Antioch appointed as administrator of his Italian lands either the Pope or Alessandro Conte di Conversano[1062] before sailing from Otranto for Palestine in Sep 1126. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Boamundis juvenis" left for Antioch in Sep 1127 and appointed "comiti domino Alexandro consanguineo suo" as "vice sua" in "omnes civitates suas Apuliæ"[1063]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "dominus Tancredus…cum domino Alexandro comite fratre suo et…domino Grimoaldo Barensi" made peace with Duke Roger 10 Aug [1129/30][1064]. "Alexander Cupersanensis comes et Tanc Cupersani et Gauf Catenzarii comes et Robertus Gravini" signed a charter dated 22 Jun 1132 relating to the city of Bari[1065]. He joined the barons opposing Roger II after his coronation as king of Sicily, but fled to Dalmatia in 1133[1066]. The Annales Casinenses record that "Roggerius rex" entered Apulia in 1133 and disinherited "comites Conversanenses et Andrensem" but does not name the counts[1067]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Riccardus…de Claromonte" was killed at Bari in 1133 and that "Alexander…frater eius" retreated "in Romaniam"[1068]. [Hugo Falcandus names "Alexander of Conversano" among those responsible for the capture of Guillaume I King of Sicily in 1161[1069], although it is not known whether this refers to the same person.] m ---. The name of Alexandre’s wife is not known. Alexandre & his wife had two children:

(a) GEOFFROY (-after May 1133). The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Goffredus…domini Alexandri comitis filius et Riccardus Clarimontis dominus" defended Brindisi in 1133 against King Roger who had returned from Sicily in May 1133 to recapture the citadel[1070].

(b) ROBERT (-after 16 Oct 1133). Roger II King of Sicily confirmed the possessions of the monastery of Santa Maria di Tercia by charter dated 16 Oct 1133, including property donated by "comite Alexandro et Roberto filio suo"[1071].

iii) TANCRED (-after 1133). "Sichelgaita comitissa, Goffredi comitis…quondam uxor…meique filii domini Tanchedi…comes" donated "il casale di Tuterano…il casale di Valerano, quello di Fenestrito" to the monastery of Santa Maria veterana di Brindisi by charter dated Apr 1107, signed by "Tanchredus comes---Constantia, Raimundi filius magni Raimundi…Sendi nepotis comitisse…"[1072]. Conte di Conversano. "Alexandro…comite Cupersani" donated the church of San Nicolò di Ciliano to the abbot of Santa Maria di Nardò by charter dated May 1119, signed by "dopni Alexandri Cupersani comitis, dopni Tancredi filii Cupersani comitis"[1073]. The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "Grimoaldus Barensium princeps, Gofridus comes Andrensis, Tancredus de Conversano atque Rogerius Orianensis comes…et Robertus Capuanorum princeps" supported the Pope in opposing the accession of Roger Count of Sicily in Apulia (in 1127)[1074]. "Tancredus Cupersani quondam filius Goffridi comitis…dominus castelli Riniani" donated property to "ecclesia beati Leonardi" by charter dated 1129[1075]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "dominus Tancredus…cum domino Alexandro comite fratre suo et…domino Grimoaldo Barensi" made peace with Duke Roger 10 Aug [1129/30][1076]. "Tanchredus Cupersani…Brundusii comes" confirmed the donation "del casale di S. Donaci una volta dipendenti de sua madre" to the church of San Giovanni Battista, Brindisi, for the souls of "bone memorie domini Goffredi…comitis patris mei et domine Sichelgaite comitisse matris mee ac domini Roberti comitis fratris mei", by charter dated Apr 1130[1077]. "Alexander Cupersanensis comes et Tanc Cupersani et Gauf Catenzarii comes et Robertus Gravini" signed a charter dated 22 Jun 1132 relating to the city of Bari[1078]. He joined the barons opposing Roger II after his coronation as King of Sicily. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Tancredus" besieged Brindisi in Sep 1132 after King Roger had returned to Sicily[1079]. He was besieged at Matera, escaped to Montepeloso, where he was captured in 1133 and taken to Sicily[1080]. The Annales Casinenses record that "Roggerius rex" entered Apulia in 1133 and disinherited "comites Conversanenses et Andrensem" but does not name the counts[1081]. Guerrieri cites a work in which "la triste dine di Tancredi, la sua morte e la descrizione del suo sepulcro" are described[1082].

iv) [SILVESTRE di Conversano . Guerrieri names "Silvestro", enemy "del celebre Maione", as another son of Godefroi Conte di Conversano, but he does not cite the corresponding primary source[1083]. Chalandon says that he was named as son of Godefroi di Conversano by Capecaltro[1084], but that there is no information about the parentage of the Silvestro who is named by Hugo Falcandus[1085].]

v) RODOLPHE di Conversano (-after 1093). Guerrieri records that "Rodolfo", son of Godefroi Conte di Conversano, is named in a charter of his father dated 1093, but he does not cite the corresponding primary source[1086]. Chalandon cites a source[1087].

vi) GUILLAUME di Conversano (-after [1102]). Orderic Vitalis records that, brother of Sibylle, he was captured by Robert de Bellême [near Exmes] in [1102][1088]. Orderic Vitalis states that it was said that he dominated his brother-in-law Robert III Duke of Normandy[1089].

vii) RICHARD (-killed Bari 1133). Signor di Chiaromonte. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Goffredus…domini Alexandri comitis filius et Riccardus Clarimontis dominus" defended Brindisi in 1133 against King Roger who had returned from Sicily in May 1133 to recapture the citadel[1090]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Riccardus…de Claromonte" was killed at Bari in 1133 and that "Alexander…frater eius" retreated "in Romaniam"[1091].

viii) SIBYLLE (-Rouen [Feb/Mar] or [21 Mar] 1103, bur Caen or Rouen Cathedral). She is named by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father and repeats that he was the nephew of Robert "Guiscard"[1092]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”Robertus” married “Sibyllam...sororem Willelmi comitis Conversanæ”, by whom he had “unum filium...Willelmum”[1093]. Her husband married her on his return from Palestine, receiving an "immense sum" by way of dowry which he "lavished so profusely that in a few days he was penniless"[1094]. She was poisoned and died "in Lent"[1095]. The necrology of Saint-Nicaise de Meulan records the death "XII Kal Apr" of "Sibilla comitissa Normannie"[1096], although if this refers to Sibylle de Conversano it is not clear why she was not called "ducissa". It is unlikely to refer to her daughter-in-law Sibylle d'Anjou as she was Ctss of Flanders when she died. m (Apulia 1100) ROBERT “Curthose” Duke of Normandy, son of WILLIAM I King of England & his wife Mathilde de Flandres (Normandy [1052/54]-Cardiff Castle 3/10/15 Feb 1135, bur Gloucester Cathedral).

Robert [I] de Bassonville probably originated in the area of Caux, Normandy. Three charters of the monastery of Saint-Victor-en-Caux refer to "Vassunvilla": Hugues Archbishop of Rouen confirmed donations to Saint-Victor-en-Caux, including property "in Vassunvilla" {Vassonville, commune du canton de Tôtes}, by charter dated 1137[1097]. "Hugo de Mortuo mari" confirmed the donations to Saint-Victor-en-Caux by "patre meo Radulfo…ab avo meo Rogerio", and other past donations, by undated charter, witnessed by "…Renaldum de Vassumvilla…"[1098]. "H. de Mortuomari" donated the church of Vatterville to Saint-Victor-en-Caux by charter dated to after 1179, witnessed by "…Reginaldo de Vassunvilla…"[1099].

1. ROBERT [I] de Bassonville [Basunvilla] (-before Nov 1143?). Conte di Conversano [1133/Apr 1134]. “Robbertus de Basumvilla...Cupersani comes” donated property to Conversano S. Benedetto, for the souls of “mee meeque coniugis meorum parentum”, by charter dated Apr 1134[1100]. The Nov 1143 charter quoted below may refer to his son, suggesting that Robert was deceased at the time. m ([1110]) JUDITH of Sicily, daughter of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his second wife Eremburge de Mortain (-[Apr 1134/19 Oct 1136]). "Jullita filia comitis Rogerii cum consensus fratris mei Rogerii regis Sicilie ducatus Apulie et principatus Capue" founded a Cluniac abbey at Sciacca by charter, dated 1103 although this date appears incorrect in view of the title attributed to her brother which he only acquired in 1130[1101]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified, although it is suggested by Ioannes Kinnamos who names "Bassavilla Rogerii Siciliæ tyranni ex sorore nepos"[1102]. It also suggested by the Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna which records that "Robertus de Basavilla comes de Conversano consobrinus frater eiusdem regis" was present at the coronation of Guillaume I King of Sicily (in 1154)[1103]. The wording of her husband’s Apr 1134 charter quoted above could imply that his wife was alive at that date. "Robert de Bassonville comte de Conversano" donated the church of San Martino di Molfetta to Cava by charter dated 19 Oct 1136 which names "feue Judith femme du comte et Robert leur fils"[1104]. Robert & his wife had two children:

a) ROBERT [II] de Basunvilla (-15 Sep 1182). William of Tyre names him and specifies that he was the son of the "amita" of Guillaume I King of Sicily[1105]. "Robert de Bassonville comte de Conversano" donated the church of San Martino di Molfetta to Cava by charter dated 19 Oct 1136 which names "feue Judith femme du comte et Robert leur fils"[1106]. Ioannes Kinnamos names "Bassavilla Rogerii Siciliæ tyranni ex sorore nepos"[1107]. He succeeded his father as Conte di Conversano. "…Robertus comes Cupersani…" subscribed the charter dated Nov 1143 under which "Rogerus…rex Sicilie, ducatus Apulie et principatus Capue" assured Santa Maria a Capella, Naples of his protection[1108]. The Romoaldi Annales name "Robbertus de Basavilla comes de Conversano consobrinos frater eiusdem regi" in [1154][1109]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Robertus de Basavilla comes de Conversano consobrinus frater eiusdem regis" was present at the coronation of Guillaume I King of Sicily (in 1154), adding that the king granted him "comitatum de Lauritello" and sent him to Apulia with honours[1110]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that, after the coronation of Guillaume I King of Sicily (in 1154), Pope Hadrian IV invaded "terra di Lavoro" with "Roberto Capuano principe et Andrea de Rupe-canina", and that parts of Apulia were conquered by "Roberto Capuano principe" and "comite Roberto", but that "comitem Robertum, Andream de Rupecanina" fled to join the Pope[1111]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that Guillaume I King of Sicily sent "Riccardum de Saya" to suppress a rebellion by "comes Robertus", dated to [1160] from the context[1112]. He was created Conte di Loritello by Guillaume I King of Sicily at Easter 1154: the Chronicon Casauriensis records that King Guillaume appointed "Robert de Bassonville Count of Loritello" "wishing to benefit his relatives"[1113]. The Ignoti Monachi Chronica records that in the first year of the reign of Guillaume I King of Sicily, [1154/55], "Robertus, qui fuerat princeps Capuanus, Robertus comes de Lauritello consanguineus regis et comes Andreas nepos condam Raynulfi" by whom he had "filium Symonem, quem constituit principem Capue" invaded the kingdom "cum Grecorum exercitu" and subjugated "totam Apuliam et Terram Laboris"[1114]. Hugo Falcandus names "Count Robert of Loritello…the king's maternal cousin" (although the reference to "maternal cousin" has not been elucidated) and records that he opposed chancellor Maio of Bari who plotted against him[1115]. The Annales Casenses record that in 1155 "Robbertus comes Lorotelli" invaded the kingdom, took "totam Marinam" and sacked the castle of Bari, and that in 1156 Guillaume King of Sicily destroyed Bari but allowed "comitem Lorotelli et comitem Andream" to leave[1116]. A short anonymous Chronicle of Cassino records that "Robertus comes Lorotelli" captured the kingdom in 1155[1117]. The Annales Casenses record that in 1160 "comes Robbertus di Lorotello et comes Andreas" entered the kingdom[1118]. "…Robertus de Loritello…" was among the subscribers to a charter dated 1060 under which "Robertus dux Italie, Apulie et Calabrie atque Sicilie" donated "castrum Aquebelle" to the monastery of La Trinità at Cava[1119]. The Annales Ceccanenses record that "comes Robbertus" invaded "terram usque Tarrentum" in 1161[1120]. Hugo Falcandus records that "Robert Count of Loritello had invaded most of the realm and got as far as Orgeolo…on the borders of Apulia and Calabria"[1121]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records the feeholders "de comitatu Loritelli", but no "comes", which suggests that the title had lapsed at that time[1122]. The Annales Ceccanenses and the Annales Casenses both record that in 1169 "comes Robbertus de Loretello" made peace with the king of Sicily[1123]. The Chronicon Fossæ Novæ records that "comes Robertus de Loretello" made peace with the king in Sicily in Mar 1169[1124]. m as her second husband, ADELISA of Sicily, divorced wife of IOZZELINO Conte di Loreto, [illegitimate] daughter of ROGER II King of Sicily & his [mistress ---] (-after [1184/87]). Chalandon states that Adelisa, daughter of King Roger II, married "Jocelin comte de Loreto"[1125]. It is unlikely that Adelisa was the king´s daughter by his first marriage, as Romoald only refers to one daughter whose death he records young. The chronology suggests that she could not have been born from her father´s second or third marriages. It is likely therefore that Adelisa was illegitimate. The primary source which confirms her name and two marriages has not been identified. Ctss di Florenzia.

b) GUILLAUME de Basunvilla . Ioannes Kinnamos names "Gulielmus Bassavillæ frater"[1126].

1. ROBERTO di Bari (-after Sep 1189). [Conte di Conversano.] “Thomas de Fraxineto dominus Turi Valida” donated property to Conversano S. Benedetto, in the presence of “...domini Robberti de Baro comitis Cupersani regii camerarii et domini Robberti tituli honoris Montis Scaveois regii camerarii et Rogerii de Barulo germani nostri”. to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated Sep 1189[1127]. Morea suggests that the phrase quoted above should be read as “Roberto da Bari regio camerario del Conte di Conversano” and that Roberto was never conte di Conversano[1128].

2. GEOFFROY di Marsico, son of SILVESTRE Conte di Marsico & his wife --- (-[before 1200]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Conversano: Pirro names “Gaufridi Conversani et Montis Caveosi comitis, Netique, Selasiani et Calatanixectæ domini, Sylvestri Marsicani tertiogeniti” when recording the marriage of his daughter[1129], but cites no source which confirms the information. No primary source has been found which confirms that Geoffroy was Conte di Conversano.

1. BERARDO (-after 16 Feb 1239). Conte di Loreto, Conte di Conversano. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica record that "imperatrix" left "filium suum in Marchia apud Hesym civitatem…sub ducatu…[Petri] Celani comitis et Berardi Laureti comitis et Cupersani" in 1197[1130]. “Berard comte de Lorette [Laureti] vicaire impériale dans les royaumes d’Arles et de Vienne” issued an order to the people of Grenoble by charter dated 16 Feb 1239[1131].

HUGUES de Brienne, son of GAUTHIER [IV] de Brienne Count of Jaffa & his wife Marie de Lusignan of Cyprus (-9 Aug 1296). The Chronicle of Amadi names "Hughet" as son of "Conte Galtier, marito della sorella del re Henrico de Cypro"[1132]. The Lignages d'Outremer names (in order) "Johan, Huge et Heimeri" as the three sons of "le conte Gautier de Brene" & his wife, stating that Jean and Amaury died young[1133]. He fought in support of Charles I King of Sicily during the latter's campaign against Manfred King of Sicily and helped to defeat Konradin von Hohenstaufen at Tagliacozzo in 1268. King Charles I confirmed his titles Conte di Lecce and Conte di Conversano in 1269. Hugues & his first wife had two children:

1. GAUTHIER [V] de Brienne ([1278]-killed in battle Kephissos River, near Thebes 15 Mar 1312, his head bur Lecce Church of Santa Croce[1134]). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Gautier et Agnes" as the children of "Hugue…cuens de Brene" and his wife "Ysabeau la fille dou duc d'Athanes, qui avoit esté feme dou seignor de Karitaine"[1135]. He succeeded his father as Conte di Lecce, Conte di Conversano. He succeeded his first cousin (and uterine half-brother) in 1308 as GAUTHIER Duke of Athens. Duke Gauthier & his wife had two children:

a) GAUTHIER [VI] de Brienne (Lecce 1302-killed in battle Poitiers 19 Sep 1356, bur Abbaye de Beaulieu). He succeeded his father in 1311 as Conte di Lecce, Conte di Conversano.

b) ISABELLE de Brienne (-1360). The Istoria of Marino Sanudo Torsello records that "[il figlio]…[del] conte de Brenna" had one daughter who married "al signor d’Angloin" who the son "della figlia del conte di Fiandra"[1136]. She claimed to succeed her brother in 1356 as Contessa di Lecce, Contessa di Conversano. Dame de Ramerupt. Her descendants claimed the duchy of Athens in opposition to the dukes of the house of Aragon. m (contract Jan 1321) GAUTHIER [III] Seigneur d'Enghien, son of GAUTHIER [II] Seigneur d'Enghien & his wife Yolande de Flandre (5 Jun 1302-[16 Oct] 1345). Isabelle & her husband had thirteen children:

i) LOUIS d'Enghien (-Conversano 17 Mar 1394). Comte de Brienne, titular Conte di Conversano. He succeeded his nephew in 1381 as titular Duke of Athens. Louis & his wife had five children:

(a) MARGUERITE d'Enghien . Ctss de Brienne, Ctss di Conversano. Heiress of Enghien. m firstly PIERRE de Baux, son of ---. m secondly GIACOPO di Sanseverino, son of ---. m thirdly ([1380]) JEAN de Luxembourg Seigneur de Beaurevoir et de Richebourg, son of GUY de Luxembourg Comte de Ligny & his wife Mathilde de Châtillon (1370-1397).

(b) other children: see HAINAUT.

ii) other children: see HAINAUT.

2. other children: see CHAMPAGNE NOBILITY-BRIENNE.

E. CONTI di GRAVINA

Gravina is located in the central part of the present-day Italian region of Puglia, west of Altamira. It is recorded as a county from the early 12th century. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Gravina…Cannas…Spinazcola…Florentia…Montem Milionem…Bellum Montem…Caivanum et Sanctum Angelum…Titum…Laurentianum…Campum Majorem et Trefogiam, Marsicum Vetus" as the fiefs held from the count of Gravina, together with the names of the corresponding feeholders, but the count is not named[1137]. This omission suggests that the document was written after the expulsion of Gilbert Conte di Gravina, dated to [1168].

1. AITARD (-before Jul 1080, bur Frassineto). His place of burial is confirmed by the Jul 1080 charter quoted below. m --- (-before Jul 1080, bur Frassineto). The name of Aitard’s wife is not known. Her place of burial is confirmed by the Jul 1080 charter quoted below. Aitard & his wife had two children:

a) ONFROI (-after Jul 1080). Signore di Gravina. A charter dated Jul 1080 records that “Unfredus Gravinensis dominus filius et heres domni Aitardi” donated property to “abatem...ecclesiæ Sancti Angeli de Fraxinito in qua parentum suorum corpora sepulti erant”, subscribed by “Aitardus frater, Robertus et Aitardus filii Unfredi...”[1138]. m ---. The name of Onfroi’s wife is not known. Onfroi & his wife had two children:

i) ROBERT . A charter dated Jul 1080 records that “Unfredus Gravinensis dominus filius et heres domni Aitardi” donated property to “abatem...ecclesiæ Sancti Angeli de Fraxinito in qua parentum suorum corpora sepulti erant”, subscribed by “Aitardus frater, Robertus et Aitardus filii Unfredi...”[1139].

ii) AITARD . A charter dated Jul 1080 records that “Unfredus Gravinensis dominus filius et heres domni Aitardi” donated property to “abatem...ecclesiæ Sancti Angeli de Fraxinito in qua parentum suorum corpora sepulti erant”, subscribed by “Aitardus frater, Robertus et Aitardus filii Unfredi...”[1140].

b) AITARD (-after Jul 1080). A charter dated Jul 1080 records that “Unfredus Gravinensis dominus filius et heres domni Aitardi” donated property to “abatem...ecclesiæ Sancti Angeli de Fraxinito in qua parentum suorum corpora sepulti erant”, subscribed by “Aitardus frater, Robertus et Aitardus filii Unfredi...”[1141].

1. BONIFAZIO . Conte di Gravina, Marchese. m ---. The name of Bonifazio´s wife is not known. Bonifazio & his wife had two children:

a) MANFREDO (-[Jan 1146/48]). Conte di Gravina, Marchese. "Il marchese Manfredi signore di Forenza" donated a mill to "Guglielmo archipresbitero", with the consent "della moglie Filippa", by charter dated Jan 1146[1142]. "Manfred marchio" is named at Gravina, and his son "Sylvestre marchio"[1143]. m FILIPPA, daughter of --- (-after 1168). "Il marchese Manfredi signore di Forenza" donated a mill to "Guglielmo archipresbitero", with the consent "della moglie Filippa", by charter dated Jan 1146[1144]. Signora di Polignano: “Philippa quondam uxor domini Manfredi marchionis...civitatis Polimniani dominatrix” donated vines to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated 1148[1145]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Philippi quondam Marchionissa Gravinæ" holding "in vita sua Florentiam" in the county of Gravina with "feudum IV militum et cum augmento…milites VIII"[1146]. Manfredo & his wife had one child:

i) SILVESTRO . "Manfred marchio" is named at Gravina, and his son "Sylvestre marchio"[1147]. Conte di Gravina, Marchese.

b) ALBERTO . Conte di Gravina, Marchese. "Son oncle le comte Albert, fils…de Boniface…marchio" is named as the successor of "Sylvestre marchio" at Gravina[1148].

1. UGO Marchisius . m ---. The name of Ugo´s wife is not known. Ugo & his wife had two children:

a) MANFREDO Marchisius . The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Manfridus Marchisius filius Hugonis Marchisii et frater eius…Guillelmus" holding "de…Hugone [which appears to refer to "Hugonis filii Acti"] Luperiam et Calcabuczam" in the county of "comes Riccardus de Fundis", with "feudum III militum et augmentum eorum milites III"[1149].

b) GUGLIELMO . The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Manfridus Marchisius filius Hugonis Marchisii et frater eius…Guillelmus" holding "de…Hugone [which appears to refer to "Hugonis filii Acti"] Luperiam et Calcabuczam" in the county of "comes Riccardus de Fundis", with "feudum III militum et augmentum eorum milites III"[1150].

GILBERT [du Perche], son of BERTRAND [du Perche] & his wife --- (-after 1168). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Gravina. The Annals of Romoald name "Gilbertus…comes Gravine, regine [Siciliæ] et cancellarii consanguineus"[1151]. Hugo Falcandus names "the queen's blood relative Count Gilbert to whom the king had given the county of Gravina after he had recently summoned him from Spain" among the conspirators against chancellor Maio in [1156][1152]. Hugo Falcandus records that "Gilbert Count of Gravina" was appointed captain of Apulia and the Terra di Lavoro with his son Bertram who had recently been granted the county of Andria[1153]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Jonathas comes Consiæ et Gilbertus comes Gravinæ et Boamundus comes Monopelli et Rogerus comes Acerræ et Philippus comes de Sangro et Rogerius Tricarici comes" rebelled against "Mayonem Ammiratum", dated to 1160 from the context[1154]. “Gilibertus...Gravina comes et magnus comestalus totius Apulie et principatus Capue” donated vines to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated Dec 1163, subscribed by “...domini Berterami filii dominis comitis”[1155]. The Annales Ceccanenses record that, after "Cristianus cancellarius et comes Gonzolinus" entered "Maritimam et Campaniam" in 1165, "comes Gilibertus et Riccardus de Esaya" came into Campania with the army of the king of Sicily and Verulani capitulated to them[1156]. Signore di Polignano: “Gilibertus...Gravine comes et magnus comestabulus totius Apulie et principatus Capue civitatis Poliniani dominator” donated property to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated Jan 1166, subscribed by “...domine Stefanie comitisse uxor supradicti domini comitis, domini Berterami filii domini comitis, domini Bartholomei filii domini comitis Giliberti...”[1157]. Conte di Loritello. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Gilbertus comes Gravinæ, reginæ et cancellarii consanguineus…tunc capitaneus…totius Apuliæ" captured Messina, and was later granted "comitatum Loritelli"[1158]. The Annales Casenses record that in 1168 "comes Gilbertus et Bertaraimus filius eius" were expelled from the kingdom and went to Jerusalem[1159], the Romoaldi Annales specifying that he was "Gylbertus etiam comes Loritelli"[1160]. Hugo Falcandus records the decision to expel "Count Gilbert de Gravina and his son Count Bertram from the realm" in [1168][1161]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Gilbertus Gravinensis" holding "Cannas" with "feudum IX militum et cum augmento…milites XVIII", and "milites XX" from "demanium suum Gravinæ"[1162]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Gilbertus…comes Loritelli cum Berteraimo filio suo comite Andriæ" were deprived of their lands and went to Jerusalem[1163].

m STEFANIA, daughter of --- (-after Jan 1166). “Gilibertus...Gravine comes et magnus comestabulus totius Apulie et principatus Capue civitatis Poliniani dominator” donated property to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated Jan 1166, subscribed by “...domine Stefanie comitisse uxor supradicti domini comitis, domini Berterami filii domini comitis, domini Bartholomei filii domini comitis Giliberti...”[1164].

Gilbert & his wife had two children:

1. BERTRAND (-after 1168). Hugo Falcandus records that "the queen created eight counts in that one year [1166]" including "the count of Gravina's son Bertram"[1165]. “Gilibertus...Gravina comes et magnus comestalus totius Apulie et principatus Capue” donated vines to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated Dec 1163, subscribed by “...domini Berterami filii dominis comitis”[1166]. “Gilibertus...Gravine comes et magnus comestabulus totius Apulie et principatus Capue civitatis Poliniani dominator” donated property to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated Jan 1166, subscribed by “...domine Stefanie comitisse uxor supradicti domini comitis, domini Berterami filii domini comitis, domini Bartholomei filii domini comitis Giliberti...”[1167]. Conte d'Andria. The Annales Casenses record that in 1168 "comes Gilbertus et Bertaraimus filius eius" were expelled from the kingdom and went to Jerusalem[1168], the Romoaldi Annales specifying that he was "Berteraimo filio suo comite Andrie"[1169]. Hugo Falcandus records the decision to expel "Count Gilbert de Gravina and his son Count Bertram from the realm" in [1168][1170]. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Gilbertus…comes Loritelli cum Berteraimo filio suo comite Andriæ" were deprived of their lands and went to Jerusalem[1171].

2. BARTHELEMY (-after Jan 1166). “Gilibertus...Gravine comes et magnus comestabulus totius Apulie et principatus Capue civitatis Poliniani dominator” donated property to Conversano S. Benedetto by charter dated Jan 1166, subscribed by “...domine Stefanie comitisse uxor supradicti domini comitis, domini Berterami filii domini comitis, domini Bartholomei filii domini comitis Giliberti...”[1172].

1. ROBERTO di Gravina . "Alexander Cupersanensis comes et Tanc Cupersani et Gauf Catenzarii comes et Robertus Gravini" signed a charter dated 22 Jun 1132 relating to the city of Bari[1173].

2. ALESSANDRO di Gravina (-after 1168). Conte di Gravina. William of Tyre records that "comes Alexander de Gravina" arrived in Jerusalem in Summer 1168[1174].

3. --- (-[after 1170?]). Conte di Polignano. He is referred to, but not named, in the 1170 of his son quoted below, although it is unclear from the text whether he was alive or deceased at the time. m ---. Three children:

a) VERRERIO (-after 1170). “Werrerius filius comitis civitatis Polimniani” donated land “in loco Cesine qui vocatur cum olivis et termitibus...” to Conversano S. Benedetto, for the soul of “Pandonis fratris mei qui in eodem sancto monasterio sepultus est”, and excluding claims by “fratris mei eiusque heredum et meorum nepotum et domine Gayte --- uxoris mee”, by charter dated 1170[1175]. m GAITA, daughter of --- (-after 1170). “Werrerius filius comitis civitatis Polimniani” donated land “in loco Cesine qui vocatur cum olivis et termitibus...” to Conversano S. Benedetto, excluding claims by “fratris mei eiusque heredum et meorum nepotum et domine Gayte --- uxoris mee”, by charter dated 1170[1176].

b) PANDO (-before 1170, bur Conversano S. Benedetto). “Werrerius filius comitis civitatis Polimniani” donated land “in loco Cesine qui vocatur cum olivis et termitibus...” to Conversano S. Benedetto, for the soul of “Pandonis fratris mei qui in eodem sancto monasterio sepultus est”, by charter dated 1170[1177].

c) son (-after 1170). “Werrerius filius comitis civitatis Polimniani” donated land “in loco Cesine qui vocatur cum olivis et termitibus...” to Conversano S. Benedetto, excluding claims by “fratris mei eiusque heredum et meorum nepotum et domine Gayte --- uxoris mee”, by charter dated 1170[1178]. m ---. Two or more children:

i) sons . Their existence is confirmed by the 1170 charter quoted above.

1. RICHARD de Say, son of --- (-after 1168). Royal constable, justiciar in Calabria 1157. Hugo Falcandus records that "the queen created eight counts in that one year [1166]" including "Richard de Say"[1179]. Conte di Fondi 1166. Conte di Gravina 1168. m (divorced [1168]) firstly --- di Parisio, daughter of ---. Hugo Falcandus records that "Richard de Say arrived at Palermo…with his wife the sister of Bartholomew de Parisio [whom] he wished to divorce…in order to marry the niece of the archbishop of Capua, and that the divorce was granted on condition his wife remained unmarried"[1180]. m secondly TEODORA, daughter of --- (-after 1178). Hugo Falcandus records that "Richard de Say arrived at Palermo…with his wife the sister of Bartholomew de Parisio [whom] he wished to divorce…in order to marry the niece of the archbishop of Capua, and that the divorce was granted on condition his wife remained unmarried"[1181]. A document dated 1178 “Leo Cifelus, Catapano di Canne” donating land to “abate Beinincasa” on the orders of “sua Signora Teodora...contessa di Gravina”[1182].

1. GIOVANNI (-after 6 Nov 1264). Signore di Gravina. A charter dated 6 Nov 1264 records the presence of “domnorum Iohannis de Gravina terrarun domini Amirati et Rubi iudicis Manfredi iudicis Cupersani” when “Iohannes Maio Guilielmus Thomas et Falcus fratres filii quondam Armenisse” agreed a division of territories[1183].

F. CONTI di LECCE

Lecce is located in the eastern part of the present-day Italian region of Puglia, near the Adriatic coast, south-east of Brindisi. It is recorded as a county from the 1080s. Goffredo [III] Conte di Lecce, who was also Conte di Montescaglioso, was blinded and imprisoned at Maio's behest after the rebellion against Guillaume I King of Sicily in [1156]. No record has been found about the county from that time until 1269, when it was awarded by Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] to Hugues de Brienne.

1. ACCIARDO . m ---. The name of Acciardo´s wife is not known. Acciardo & his wife had four children:

a) GOFFREDO (-after Dec 1082). Conte di Lecce. "Goffridus comes de civitate Liccie pertinentia Apulia filius quondam Acciardi et Gunnora qui sumus vir et uxor, et Goffridus et Rainaldus et Robbertus et Sarlus…filii istorum" donated the churches of Santa Maria and San Niccolo di Lecce, for the souls of "…et Arualdi et Rainaldi et Ruggeri fratribus meis" to Cava by charter dated Dec 1082, in the presence of "domini Ruggeri comitis fili suprascripti domini nostri ducis et Radulfi comitis de Lauritello et Riccardi comitis de Mutule"[1184]. m GUNNORA, daughter of --- (-after Dec 1082). "Goffridus comes de civitate Liccie pertinentia Apulia filius quondam Acciardi et Gunnora qui sumus vir et uxor, et Goffridus et Rainaldus et Robbertus et Sarlus…filii istorum" donated the churches of Santa Maria and San Niccolo di Lecce, for the souls of "…et Arualdi et Rainaldi et Ruggeri fratribus meis" to Cava by charter dated Dec 1082, in the presence of "domini Ruggeri comitis fili suprascripti domini nostri ducis et Radulfi comitis de Lauritello et Riccardi comitis de Mutule"[1185]. Goffredo & his wife had five children:

i) GOFFREDO [II] (-after 1114). "Goffridus comes de civitate Liccie pertinentia Apulia filius quondam Acciardi et Gunnora qui sumus vir et uxor, et Goffridus et Rainaldus et Robbertus et Sarlus…filii istorum" donated the churches of Santa Maria and San Niccolo di Lecce to Cava by charter dated Dec 1082[1186]. Conte di Lecce.

- see below.

ii) RAINALDO (-after Dec 1082). "Goffridus comes de civitate Liccie pertinentia Apulia filius quondam Acciardi et Gunnora qui sumus vir et uxor, et Goffridus et Rainaldus et Robbertus et Sarlus…filii istorum" donated the churches of Santa Maria and San Niccolo di Lecce to Cava by charter dated Dec 1082[1187].

iii) ROBERTO (-after Dec 1082). "Goffridus comes de civitate Liccie pertinentia Apulia filius quondam Acciardi et Gunnora qui sumus vir et uxor, et Goffridus et Rainaldus et Robbertus et Sarlus…filii istorum" donated the churches of Santa Maria and San Niccolo di Lecce to Cava by charter dated Dec 1082[1188].

iv) SERLO (-after Dec 1082). "Goffridus comes de civitate Liccie pertinentia Apulia filius quondam Acciardi et Gunnora qui sumus vir et uxor, et Goffridus et Rainaldus et Robbertus et Sarlus…filii istorum" donated the churches of Santa Maria and San Niccolo di Lecce to Cava by charter dated Dec 1082[1189].

v) ALBERADA di Lecce . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m GUILLAUME Conte di Gesualdo e Lucera, illegitimate son of ROGER "Borsa/the Purse" Duke of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily & his mistress --- (-1112 or after).

b) ARNALDO . "Goffridus comes de civitate Liccie pertinentia Apulia filius quondam Acciardi et Gunnora qui sumus vir et uxor…" donated the churches of Santa Maria and San Niccolo di Lecce, for the souls of "…et Arualdi et Rainaldi et Ruggeri fratribus meis" to Cava by charter dated Dec 1082[1190].

c) RINALDO . "Goffridus comes de civitate Liccie pertinentia Apulia filius quondam Acciardi et Gunnora qui sumus vir et uxor…" donated the churches of Santa Maria and San Niccolo di Lecce, for the souls of "…et Arualdi et Rainaldi et Ruggeri fratribus meis" to Cava by charter dated Dec 1082[1191].

d) RUGGERO . "Goffridus comes de civitate Liccie pertinentia Apulia filius quondam Acciardi et Gunnora qui sumus vir et uxor…" donated the churches of Santa Maria and San Niccolo di Lecce, for the souls of "…et Arualdi et Rainaldi et Ruggeri fratribus meis" to Cava by charter dated Dec 1082[1192].

GOFFREDO [II], son of GOFFREDO [I] Conte di Lecce & his wife Gunnora --- (-after 1114). "Goffridus comes de civitate Liccie pertinentia Apulia filius quondam Acciardi et Gunnora qui sumus vir et uxor, et Goffridus et Rainaldus et Robbertus et Sarlus…filii istorum" donated the churches of Santa Maria and San Niccolo di Lecce to Cava by charter dated Dec 1082[1193]. Conte di Lecce. "Goffridus Hostunensis filius et heres Goffridi Accardi natus" donated the church of San Andrea Apostolo, Lecce to the abbot of Santa Maria di Banze by charter dated Jul 1092[1194]. "Adalasia comitissa Siciliæ et Calabriæ et…comes Rogerius filius eius" donated property to the bishopric of Squillace on the advice of "ipsorum baronum…Roberti Borelli et Gosberti de Licia et Willelmi de Altavilla" by charter dated [Mar 25/31 Aug] 1107[1195]. It is assumed that "Gosberti de Licia" in this document was intended to refer to "Goffridus de Licia". "Goffridus…Lycii et Hostunii comes" donated a bell dedicated to the Assunzione di Maria to the bishop of Lecce by charter dated 1114[1196].

m ---. The name of Goffredo´s wife is not known.

Goffredo [II] & his wife had four children:

1. ACCARDO (-after Mar 1137). "Accardus dominator civitatis Hostunii" is named in a charter dated 1120[1197]. Conte di Lecce. "Accardus…domini Goffredi bone memorie filius et Liciensis dominus" donated property to the monastery of S. Giovanni Evangelista "et sorori mee domini Agneti…abbatisse", for the souls of "…meeque uxoris domine Matilie…", by charter dated May 1133, witnessed by "Goffredus Litii [frater] Accardi, Goffredi filius Accardi…"[1198]. "Accardus…dominator civitatis Licii" donated property to the monastery of S. Giovanni Evangelista "et…domine Guimarche abbatisse sorori mee" by charter dated Mar 1137, witnessed by "Goffredi filii Accardi…"[1199]. m MATILIA, daughter of --- (-after May 1133). "Accardus…domini Goffredi bone memorie filius et Liciensis dominus" donated property to the monastery of S. Giovanni Evangelista "et sorori mee domini Agneti…abbatisse", for the souls of "…meeque uxoris domine Matilie…", by charter dated May 1133, witnessed by "Goffredus Litii [frater] Accardi, Goffredi filius Accardi…"[1200]. Accardo & his wife had three children:

a) GOFFREDO [III] (-8 Apr 1174, bur Palermo Cathedral). "Accardus…domini Goffredi bone memorie filius et Liciensis dominus" donated property to the monastery of S. Giovanni Evangelista by charter dated May 1133, witnessed by "Goffredus Litii [frater] Accardi, Goffredi filius Accardi…"[1201]. "Accardus…dominator civitatis Licii" donated property to the monastery of S. Giovanni Evangelista "et…domine Guimarche abbatisse sorori mee" by charter dated Mar 1137, witnessed by "Goffredi filii Accardi…"[1202]. Conte di Montescaglioso. Hugo Falcandus names "Godfrey…the Count of Montescaglioso", recording his presence in Palermo in [1155] and that Guillaume I King of Sicily confiscated Noto from him[1203]. Hugo Falcandus records that "Count Godfrey" was blinded and imprisoned at Maio's behest after the rebellion against Guillaume I King of Sicily in [1156][1204]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "terra comitis Tancredi filii domini ducis Rogerii" holding fiefs previously held by "comitis Goffridi Montis Caveosi, sicut dixit idem comes Goffridus" in the county of Lecce, with "feudum militum XX et cum augmento milites XL"[1205]. m ---. The name of Goffredo’s wife is not known. Goffredo [III] & his wife had [one child]:

i) [DESIDERATA (-Jan 1201). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Garufi says that she was “figliuola di Goffredo di Lecce conte di Montecaglioso”[1206]. Pirro, on the other hand, records that “Bartholomæus de Lucy genere” married “Desideratam Gaufridi Conversani et Montis Caveosi comitis, Netique, Selasiani et Calatanixectæ domini, Sylvestri Marsicani tertiogeniti filiam”[1207]. Neither author cites the primary source which confirms their assertions. “Bartholomaus de Lucis...comes Paternionis...Desiderata uxor comitis Bartholomai de Lucis” donated property to “ecclesiam...Tremesteri...in territorio civitatis Messina” by charter dated 9 Sep 1193, witnessed by “...Gerardus de Lucis miles...”[1208]. m BARTHELEMY de Lucy Conte di Paternò, son of --- de Lucy & his wife --- (-1200).]

b) --- di Lecce . Guerrieri refers to "la leggenda assai curiosa degli amori segreti di Sibilla, unica figlia di Roberto conte di Lecce, succeduto a Goffredo figlio di Accardo, col primogenito del re Ruggiero" and adds that "oggi è dichiarata insostenible per la grande confusione di nomi, di fatti e di date, e per gli errori assai evidenti"[1209]. Chalandon states that legends surrounding King Tancred’s mother, in which she is variously called "Blanche, Béatrice et Sibille", were first fabricated in the mid-16th century[1210]. Hugo Falcandus records that "Tancred and William, the sons of Duke Roger" were born "by a nobly born mother"[1211]. Her correct parentage is confirmed by a charter dated May 1190 under which her son "Tancredus…rex Sicilie, ducatus Apulie" transferred Casale Surbo near Lecce to "Emma…abbatissa monasterii Sancti Iohannis monialium Liceii dilecte matertera…nostra"[1212], which suggests that his mother was Emma´s sister and so the daughter of Accardo Conte di Lecce. Mistress (before [1138]) of ROGER Duke of Apulia, son of ROGER II King of Sicily & his first wife Infanta doña Elvira de Castilla ([1121]-12 May 1148).

c) EMMA (-after May 1190). Pope Alexander III confirmed protection over the monastery of San Giovanni, Lecce and "Emma abbatissa" referring to "bone memorie pater tuus Accardus…et…Agnete abbatissa sorore ipsius Accardi", at the request of "comitis Tancredi Licii", by bull dated 15 Jun 1178[1213]. "Tancredus…rex Sicilie, ducatus Apulie, principatus Capue" transferred Casale Surbo near Lecce to "Emma…abbatissa monasterii Sancti Iohannis monialium Liceii dilecte matertera…nostra", by charter dated May 1190[1214].

2. GOFFREDO (-after May 1133). "Accardus…domini Goffredi bone memorie filius et Liciensis dominus" donated property to the monastery of S. Giovanni Evangelista by charter dated May 1133, witnessed by "Goffredus Litii [frater] Accardi, Goffredi filius Accardi…"[1215].

3. AGNESE (-[May 1133/Mar 1137]). "Accardus…domini Goffredi bone memorie filius et Liciensis dominus" donated property to the monastery of S. Giovanni Evangelista "et sorori mee domini Agneti…abbatisse", for the souls of "…meeque uxoris domine Matilie…", by charter dated May 1133, witnessed by "Goffredus Litii [frater] Accardi, Goffredi filius Accardi…"[1216].

4. GUIMARCA (-after Jul 1142). "Accardus…dominator civitatis Licii" donated property to the monastery of S. Giovanni Evangelista "et…domine Guimarche abbatisse sorori mee" by charter dated Mar 1137, witnessed by "Goffredi filii Accardi…"[1217]. "Rogerius…rex Sicilie ducatus Apulie et principatus Capue…" donated property to "Guimarca abbatissa sancti Iohannis de Lippio" by charter dated Jul 1142[1218].

HUGUES de Brienne, son of GAUTHIER [IV] de Brienne Count of Jaffa & his wife Marie de Lusignan of Cyprus (-9 Aug 1296). The Chronicle of Amadi names "Hughet" as son of "Conte Galtier, marito della sorella del re Henrico de Cypro"[1219]. The Lignages d'Outremer names (in order) "Johan, Huge et Heimeri" as the three sons of "le conte Gautier de Brene" & his wife, stating that Jean and Amaury died young[1220]. He fought in support of Charles I King of Sicily during the latter's campaign against Manfred King of Sicily and helped to defeat Konradin von Hohenstaufen at Tagliacozzo in 1268. King Charles I confirmed his title Conte di Lecce and Conte di Conversano in 1269. In [1275], Hugues tried to assemble an army to enforce his claim to Cyprus, but by 1289 he was trying to sell his rights to the Cypriot throne to Alfonso III King of Aragon[1221]. Signor di Conversano, Captain-General of Brindisi, Otranto and Apulia 1289. He died from wounds received at the battle of Gagliano against Roger de Lloria, admiral of Aragon[1222].

1. GAUTHIER [V] de Brienne ([1278]-killed in battle Kephissos River, near Thebes 15 Mar 1312, his head bur Lecce Church of Santa Croce). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Gautier et Agnes" as the children of "Hugue…cuens de Brene" and his wife "Ysabeau la fille dou duc d'Athanes, qui avoit esté feme dou seignor de Karitaine"[1223]. He succeeded his mother as Lord of ½ Karitaina and Thebes. He succeeded his father as Conte di Lecce, Conte di Conversano. He succeeded his first cousin (and uterine half-brother) in 1308 as GAUTHIER Duke of Athens, his accession being confirmed by the High Court of Achaia when it rejected the claim of his first cousin Eschiva Ibelin[1224].

a) GAUTHIER [VI] de Brienne (Lecce 1302-killed in battle Poitiers 19 Sep 1356, bur Abbaye de Beaulieu). He succeeded his father in 1311 as Conte di Lecce, Conte di Conversano. He was brought up at the court of Robert King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet]. He was sent by Charles of Sicily Duca di Calabria to take possession of Florence 17 May 1326. He claimed the duchy of Athens, supported by his father-in-law who conferred on him the title "Vicar-General in Romania". After landing in Epirus in 1331, he captured the island of Santa Mavra, the fortress of Vonitza and the city of Arta. However, he had less success against the Catalans and returned to Italy in 1332[1225]. He entered the service of the popolari party in Florence, was elected Captain of the War and Protector of the Town for life in 1342, but was expelled 26 Jul 1343 after his tyrannical behaviour provoked riots. He entered the service of the king of France, was appointed Grand Connétable of France by King Jean II 9 May 1356 and died in the battle of Poitiers against the English[1226]. He was succeeded by his nephew.

b) ISABELLE de Brienne (-1360). The Istoria of Marino Sanudo Torsello records that "[il figlio]…[del] conte de Brenna" had one daughter who married "al signor d’Angloin" who the son "della figlia del conte di Fiandra"[1227]. She claimed to succeed her brother in 1356 as Contessa di Lecce, Contessa di Conversano. Dame de Ramerupt. Her descendants claimed the duchy of Athens in opposition to the dukes of the house of Aragon. This couple´s descendants claimed the titles Conte di Lecce and Conte di Conversano (see the document HAINAUT), the claims to which were later inherited by the Luxembourg family (see the document CHAMPAGNE NOBILITY). m (contract Jan 1321) GAUTHIER [III] Seigneur d'Enghien, son of GAUTHIER [II] Seigneur d'Enghien & his wife Yolande de Flandre (5 Jun 1302-[16 Oct] 1345).

2. other children: BRIENNE.

G. CONTI di MATERA

Matera is located in the central part of the present-day Italian region of Puglia, south-east of Gravina. It is recorded as a county from the mid-11th century, but the information so far obtained from primary sources is insufficient to reconstruct the comital family accurately. No information has been found about the county of Matera after 1133.

1. ROBERT de Mortain, son of ARMAND de Mortain & his wife Beatrix de Hauteville ([1040/50]-27 Jul 1080). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. His birth date range is estimated on the basis of his being an adult when appointed to his countship in 1068. Conte di Matera. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that "Robertus comes" captured "Materam" in 1064[1228]. Conte di Montescaglioso 1068.

1. ROBERTO . Conte di Matera. m ---. The name of Roberto's wife is not known. Roberto & his wife had one child:

a) ALESSANDRO (-after Sep 1110). The Romoaldi Annales name "Alexander comes" when recording that he built "Miliolongum…castellum" in Sep 1110[1229]. The Romoaldi Annales name "Alexandro consanguineo suo [=Boamundi iuvenis Antiochi]" when recording that the latter left his cities in Apulia to Alessandro when he left for Antioch[1230], although it is not known whether this is the same person.

2. GOFFREDO . m ---. The name of Goffredo´s wife is not known. Goffredo & his wife had one child:

a) GOFFREDO (-after 1133). Conte di Matera. The Ignoti Monachi Chronica records that King Roger captured "comite Goffrido de Matera" and subjugated Apulia in 1131[1231]. The Chronicle of Falco Beneventano records that "Giffredum filium Giffredi comitis" was lord of the city of Matera in 1133[1232].

H. CONTI di MOLFETTA

Molfetta is located on the Adriatic coast of the present-day Italian region of Puglia, midway between Trani and Bari. It is recorded as a county from the mid-11th century, but no information has been found which relates to it after the early 12th century.

1. JOSCELIN di Molfetta . m ---.

a) daughter . The daughter of Joscelin of Molfetta is named as wife of Amicus in a charter dated 25 Jun 1066[1233]. m AMICUS [II] di Lesina Conte di Molfetta, son of GAUTHIER Conte di Lesina & his wife --- (-1090 or after).

2. AMICUS [II] di Lesina, son of GAUTHIER Conte di Lesina & his wife --- (-1090 or after). "Robertus comes Lorotelli, Amicus inclitus comes, Riccardus Andrie comes, Goffredus comes Cupersani, Petrus comes de Lesena, Robertus comes filius Guillelmi Ybonis comitis" declared the restitution of property to the monastery of Banzi by charter dated Jun 1063[1234]. Conte di Molfetta 1063/1090. Amatus recounts that "Amicus son of Walter" was among the conspirators against Robert "Guiscard"[1235], undated but the context suggests this was in the early 1060s. "…Amici comitis" was among the subscribers of the charter dated Jun 1087 under which "Rogerius…dux ducis Robberti filius" donated property to the church of Bari[1236]. m --- di Molfetta, daughter of JOSCELIN of Molfetta & his wife ---. The daughter of Joscelin of Molfetta is named as wife of Amicus in a charter dated 25 Jun 1066[1237].

a) GODEFREDO (-after 1105). "Geoffroi comte, fils du comte Ami…dominator de Melfi et sébaste impériale" is named in a charter dated 1091[1238]. Count of Molfetta 1089/1105. Amatus recounts that "the son of Amicus" was among those taken hostage as the time of his father's rebellion against Robert "Guiscard"[1239].

I. CONTI di MONTESCAGLIOSO

Montescaglioso is located in the southern part of the present-day Italian region of Puglia, near the border with Basilicata region, south of Matera. It is recorded as a county from the mid-11th century. It is assumed that the county ceased to exist as such when Goffredo Conte di Montescaglioso, who was also Conte di Lecce, was blinded and imprisoned at Maio's behest after the rebellion against Guillaume I King of Sicily in [1156].

ARMAND de Mortain, son of ROBERT Comte d'Eu & his first wife Beatrix --- . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.

m as her first husband, BEATRIX de Hauteville, daughter of TANCRED de Hauteville & his [first wife Moriella ---] ([1005/10]-1101). The Annals of Romoald state that Tancred had three daughters without naming them or stating by which marriage they were born[1240]. Her marriage is suggested by the Gesta Roberti Wiscardi which names "Robertus de Scabioso Monte comes…Gosfredi frater, et ambo orti germana fuerant ducis"[1241]. The chronology of her descendants strongly suggests that Beatrix must have been born in [1005/10] and therefore was one of her parents' older children. The primary source which confirms her name and second marriage has not been identified. Beatrix is shown as the daughter of Tancred by his first wife in Europäische Stammtafeln[1242]. The basis for this is not known. However, it appears more likely that she was the daughter of his second marriage if her estimated birth date range is correct, especially in light of the approximate date of birth of her brother Robert "Guiscard" in [1020]. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi names "Robertus de Scabioso Monte comes…Gosfredi frater, et ambo orti germana fuerant ducis"[1243]. Guerrieri highlights that "Gosfredi" in this passage has been identified as Godefroi Conte di Conversano but that it is not possible to confirm whether this is correct[1244]. If the speculation is right, Beatrix was the same person as the daughter of Tancred who is shown in the document SICILY COUNTS & KINGS as married to "--- [di Conversano]". She married secondly Roger ---.

Armand & his wife had two children:

1. ROBERT ([1020/25]-27 Jul 1080). The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi names "Robertus de Scabioso Monte comes…Gosfredi frater, et ambo orti germana fuerant ducis"[1245]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. His birth date range is estimated on the basis of the tight suggested chronology of this family, bearing in mind the expected birth date range of Robert's grandson. Conte di Matera. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that "Robertus comes" captured "Materam" in 1064[1246]. Conte di Montescaglioso. "…Robertus de Monte Caveoso…" subscribed the charter dated 1053 (misdated) under which "Drogo…dux et magister Italie comesque Normannorum totius Apulie atque Calabrie" donated property for the soul of "fratris mei Guillelmi, Unfredi, Roberti"[1247]. "…Robertus de Montescabioso…" was among the subscribers to a charter dated 1060 under which "Robertus dux Italie, Apulie et Calabrie atque Sicilie" donated "castrum Aquebelle" to the monastery of La Trinità at Cava[1248]. "…Robertus de Monte Scabioso…" subscribed a charter dated Jun 1063 which declared the restitution of property to the monastery of Banzi[1249]. m AMELINA, daughter of BELGRANO Signore di Brindisi & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Robert & his wife had one child:

a) UNFREDO ([1040/45]-after 1093). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. His birth date range is estimated on the basis of the tight suggested chronology of this family, bearing in mind the expected birth date range of Unfredo's son. Conte di Montescaglioso. "Umfreda comes Montis Scaviosi" donated property to the monastery of "sancti Michahelis archangeli…in civitate vetera" by charter dated Mar 1085, subscribed by "…Gualterius, Goffredus filius domini Umfredus comes, domino Rao Machabeo, Asegatto"[1250]. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex…Rogerii primi comitis heres et filius" confirmed past donations to the abbey of San Michele Arcangelo, Montescaglioso by (among others) "Emma comitissa civitatis Severiane sororis nostre et…Umfredi et Radulphi Machabei dominorum prefate civitatis Severiana…" by charter dated Aug 1146[1251]. m BEATRICE, daughter of --- (-after May 1099). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated May 1099 under which her son "Radulfus Machabeus…Montis Scaviosi dominus" donated property, for the souls of "domini patris mei Umfredi et fratris mei Gosfredi et…Iordanis cognati mei…dominæ matris meæ Beatricis…et domine Judettæ socrus meæ…coniugis meæ dominæ Emmæ…Adeliciæ sororis meæ"[1252]. Unfredo & his wife had five children:

i) GODOFREDO (-killed in battle Dorylaeum, Asia Minor 1 Jul 1097). "Umfreda comes Montis Scaviosi" donated property to the monastery of "sancti Michahelis archangeli…in civitate vetera" by charter dated Mar 1085, subscribed by "…Gualterius, Goffredus filius domini Umfredus comes, domino Rao Machabeo, Asegatto"[1253]. "Vnfredus de Monte Scabioso" is recorded by Orderic Vitalis as one of those who left with Bohemond of Apulia on the First Crusade in 1097[1254], but "Vnfredus" is presumably an error for "Godofredus" if the date of death of Godofredo´s father is correctly estimated as shown above. Conte di Montescaglioso. William of Tyre also names "Hunfredus de Monte Scabioso" among those who accompanied Bohemond on crusade[1255]. Orderic Vitalis records the death of "Geoffroy of Montescaglioso" at the battle of Dorylaeum against the Turks[1256]. Baudry also records the death of "Gaufridus de Monte Scabioso" at the battle of Dorylæum[1257].

ii) RODOLFO MACABEO ([1060/65]-[1115/19]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. "Umfreda comes Montis Scaviosi" donated property to the monastery of "sancti Michahelis archangeli…in civitate vetera" by charter dated Mar 1085, subscribed by "…Gualterius, Goffredus filius domini Umfredus comes, domino Rao Machabeo, Asegatto"[1258]. Conte di Montescaglioso. "Radulfus Machabeus…Montis Scaviosi dominus" donated property, for the souls of "domini patris mei Umfredi et fratris mei Gosfredi et…Iordanis cognati mei…dominæ matris meæ Beatricis…et domine Judettæ socrus meæ…coniugis meæ dominæ Emmæ…Adeliciæ sororis meæ", by charter dated May 1099, subscribed by "Guidelmi filii Umfredi, Roberti fratris sui, Asgatti, Raul filii Askettini"[1259]. Roger II King of Sicily confirmed donations to Santa Maria Pistacci by "dni Radlfi Machabi bone memorie quondam Montis Scabiosi…senioris" by charter dated 31 Aug 1133[1260]. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex…Rogerii primi comitis heres et filius" confirmed past donations to the abbey of San Michele Arcangelo, Montescaglioso by (among others) "Emma comitissa civitatis Severiane sororis nostre et…Umfredi et Radulphi Machabei dominorum prefate civitatis Severiana…" by charter dated Aug 1146[1261]. m (4 Sep 1087) [as her second husband,] EMMA of Sicily, [repudiated wife of GUILLAUME [VI] Comte d'Auvergne], daughter of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his first wife Judith d'Evreux [Normandie] ([1063]-after Aug 1119). "Radulfus Machabeus…Montis Scaviosi dominus" donated property, for the souls of "domini patris mei Umfredi et fratris mei Gosfredi et…Iordanis cognati mei…dominæ matris meæ Beatricis…et domine Judettæ socrus meæ…coniugis meæ dominæ Emmæ…Adeliciæ sororis meæ", by charter dated May 1099[1262]. "Emma comitissa…civitatis Severiane" donated property, for the souls of "viri mei domini Radulfi Machabei nostrorum filiorum", by charter dated Sep 1110, subscribed by "Rogerius civitatis Severiane dominus et filii Rodulfi Machabei Emme comitisse, Emma comitisse comitis Rogerii filiæ…"[1263]. "Emma comitissa Rogerii comitis filia civitatis Severiane domina" donated property to "monasterio sancti Michaelis archangeli", for "me et viri mei Randulfi Machabei nostrorum filiorum", by charter dated 1115, subscribed by "domini Rogerii Machabei prescripte comitisse filii, domine Adelicze iamdicte comitisse filie…"[1264]. "Emma comitissa Rogerii comitis filia civitatis Severiane domina…cum filio meo domino Rogerio Machabeo" donated property to "sancte Trinitatis…domus hospitalis" by charter dated Jul 1119[1265]. "Emma comitissa Rogerii comitis filia civitatis Severiane domina…cum filio meo domino Rogerio Machabeo" donated property to "domus hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolomitani" by charter dated Aug 1119[1266]. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex…Rogerii primi comitis heres et filius" confirmed past donations to St Mary Josephat, Jerusalem by (among others) "dna Emma soror nostra uxor quondam Radulfi Machabei" by charter dated 11 Oct 1144[1267]. Rodolfo Macabeo & his wife had three children:

(a) RUGGIERO MACABEO (-1124). "Emma comitissa…civitatis Severiane" donated property, for the souls of "viri mei domini Radulfi Machabei nostrorum filiorum", by charter dated Sep 1110, subscribed by "Rogerius civitatis Severiane dominus et filii Rodulfi Machabei Emme comitisse, Emma comitisse comitis Rogerii filiæ…"[1268]. "Emma comitissa Rogerii comitis filia civitatis Severiane domina" donated property to "monasterio sancti Michaelis archangeli", for "me et viri mei Randulfi Machabei nostrorum filiorum", by charter dated 1115, subscribed by "domini Rogerii Machabei prescripte comitisse filii, domine Adelicze iamdicte comitisse filie…"[1269]. Conte di Montescaglioso. "Emma comitissa Rogerii comitis filia civitatis Severiane domina…cum filio meo domino Rogerio Machabeo" donated property to "sancte Trinitatis…domus hospitalis" by charter dated Jul 1119[1270]. "Emma comitissa Rogerii comitis filia civitatis Severiane domina…cum filio meo domino Rogerio Machabeo" donated property to "domus hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolomitani" by charter dated Aug 1119[1271].

(b) ADELISIA (-after 15 May 1158). "Emma comitissa Rogerii comitis filia civitatis Severiane domina" donated property to "monasterio sancti Michaelis archangeli", for "me et viri mei Randulfi Machabei nostrorum filiorum", by charter dated 1115, subscribed by "domini Rogerii Machabei prescripte comitisse filii, domine Adelicze iamdicte comitisse filie…"[1272]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified. "Adelicia neptis domini Rogerii…regis" donated the church of San Pietro di Golisano to the bishop of Cefalù by charter dated Jun 1140, subscribed by "Adam Avenel filius domine Adelicie…"[1273]. "Adelicia domini…regis Rogerii neptis" donated a mill to the church of Malvicino by charter dated 1156, subscribed by "Adam Avellus, Roberto de Sancto Iohanne…Rogerius de Roberto senescalcus…"[1274]. “Adelicia neptis domini Rogerii et filia comitis Radulfi Machabei de Monte Caveoso” donated property to S. Maria di Robore near Adernò by charter dated 3 Jan 1156[1275]. William I King of Sicily confirmed a donation by "Adelicia" to the monastery of Santa Lucia in Adernò by charter dated to before May 1158[1276]. “Adelicia...regis Rogerii neptis” founded a monastery “in oppido meo Hadernione”, for the souls of “...Raynaldi Avenelle quondam mariti mei et omnium filiorum et successorum meorum”, with the consent of “filiis meis Adam et Mathilde”, by charter dated 12 May 1158, and donated property by charter dated 15 May 1158[1277]. m (1119) RAINALD Avenel, son of --- (-[Nov 1132]).

(c) IUDICTA . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. "Rogerius…Sicilie et Italie rex…Rogerii primi comitis heres et filius" confirmed past donations to the abbey of San Michele Arcangelo, Montescaglioso by (among others) "…Rogerii de Montibus unacum uxore eius Iudith dilecte neptis nostre" by charter dated Aug 1146[1278]. m (before 1144) RUGGIERO de Montibus, son of ---.

iii) ADELINA (-after May 1099). Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated May 1099 under which her brother "Radulfus Machabeus…Montis Scaviosi dominus" donated property, for the souls of "domini patris mei Umfredi et fratris mei Gosfredi et…Iordanis cognati mei…dominæ matris meæ Beatricis…et domine Judettæ socrus meæ…coniugis meæ dominæ Emmæ…Adeliciæ sororis meæ"[1279].

iv) GUGLIELMO (-after 1113). "Radulfus Machabeus…Montis Scaviosi dominus" donated property by charter dated May 1099, subscribed by "Guidelmi filii Umfredi, Roberti fratris sui, Asgatti, Raul filii Askettini"[1280].

v) ROBERTO (-after 1124). "Radulfus Machabeus…Montis Scaviosi dominus" donated property by charter dated May 1099, subscribed by "Guidelmi filii Umfredi, Roberti fratris sui, Asgatti, Raul filii Askettini"[1281]. Conte di Montescaglioso. m ---. The name of Roberto's wife is not known. Roberto & his wife had three children:

(a) GUGLIELMO di Montescaglioso (-[1134/35], bur S. Pietro pressa Polla). “W[illelmus] Montis Caneosi filius comitis Rob[erti] residens dominansque in castello Burgencie [Brienza]” donated property to S. Trinità di Cava dei Tirreni, for the souls of “mee...et filii mei Roberti dominique Sibilie dominique Thome filii mei et filiorum meorum et filiarum mearum...fratris mei Roberti et sororis mei Claricie”, by charter dated 5 Jun 1130[1282]. His place of burial is confirmed by the [1137/38] charter of his son Robert quoted below. m ---. The name of Guglielmo's wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had three children:

(1) ROBERTO (-after Sep [1137/38]). “W[illelmus] Montis Caneosi filius comitis Rob[erti] residens dominansque in castello Burgencie [Brienza]” donated property to S. Trinità di Cava dei Tirreni, for the souls of “mee...et filii mei Roberti dominique Sibilie dominique Thome filii mei et filiorum meorum et filiarum mearum...”, by charter dated 5 Jun 1130[1283]. Signore di Polla: “Robbertus qui de Montescabioso vocor...dominatoris terræ Polle” donated property to S. Pietro Apostolo presso Polla, for the souls of “patris mei qui in prefato monasterio requiescit” and “meæ filiorumque meorum”, by charter dated Sep [1137/38][1284]. m ---. The name of Roberto’s wife is not known. Roberto & his wife had children:

a. children . Their existence is confirmed by their father’s Sep [1137/38] charter quoted above.

(2) SIBILIA (-after 5 Jun 1130). “W[illelmus] Montis Caneosi filius comitis Rob[erti] residens dominansque in castello Burgencie [Brienza]” donated property to S. Trinità di Cava dei Tirreni, for the souls of “mee...et filii mei Roberti dominique Sibilie dominique Thome filii mei et filiorum meorum et filiarum mearum...”, by charter dated 5 Jun 1130[1285].

(3) TOMMASO (-after 5 Jun 1130). “W[illelmus] Montis Caneosi filius comitis Rob[erti] residens dominansque in castello Burgencie [Brienza]” donated property to S. Trinità di Cava dei Tirreni, for the souls of “mee...et filii mei Roberti dominique Sibilie dominique Thome filii mei et filiorum meorum et filiarum mearum...”, by charter dated 5 Jun 1130[1286].

(b) ROBERTO (-before 5 Jun 1130). “W[illelmus] Montis Caneosi filius comitis Rob[erti] residens dominansque in castello Burgencie [Brienza]” donated property to S. Trinità di Cava dei Tirreni, for the souls of “...fratris mei Roberti et sororis mei Claricie”, by charter dated 5 Jun 1130[1287].

(c) CLARICIA (-before 5 Jun 1130). “W[illelmus] Montis Caneosi filius comitis Rob[erti] residens dominansque in castello Burgencie [Brienza]” donated property to S. Trinità di Cava dei Tirreni, for the souls of “...fratris mei Roberti et sororis mei Claricie”, by charter dated 5 Jun 1130[1288].

2. GODEFROI . The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi names "Robertus de Scabioso Monte comes…Gosfredi frater, et ambo orti germana fuerant ducis"[1289]. Guerrieri highlights that "Gosfredi" in this passage has been identified as Godefroi Conte di Conversano but that it is not possible to confirm whether this is correct[1290].

1. GOFFREDO, son of ACCARDO Conte di Lecce & his wife --- (-8 Apr 1174, bur Palermo Cathedral). "Accardus…domini Goffredi bone memorie filius et Liciensis dominus" donated property to the monastery of S. Giovanni Evangelista by charter dated May 1133, witnessed by "Goffredus Litii [frater] Accardi, Goffredi filius Accardi…"[1291]. Conte di Montescaglioso. Hugo Falcandus names "Godfrey…the Count of Montescaglioso", recording his presence in Palermo in [1155] and that Guillaume I King of Sicily confiscated Noto from him[1292]. Hugo Falcandus records that "Count Godfrey" was blinded and imprisoned at Maio's behest after the rebellion against Guillaume I King of Sicily in [1156][1293]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "terra comitis Tancredi filii domini ducis Rogerii" holding fiefs previously held by "comitis Goffridi Montis Caveosi, sicut dixit idem comes Goffridus" in the county of Lecce, with "feudum militum XX et cum augmento milites XL"[1294].

1. ROBERTO di Montescaglioso . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. m SIBILLA of Sicily, daughter of TANCRED King of Sicily & his wife Sibilla ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified.

I. CONTI di SOLETO

Soleto is located about 15 kilometres south of Lecce and 25 kilometres north-west of Otranto, in the present-day Italian province of Lecce, region of Puglia.

HUGUES de Baux, son of BERTRAND [III] de Baux co-Prince d’Orange Seigneur de Courthezon & his first wife Isoarde d’Agoult (-after 11 Dec 1310). The testament of "Bertrand de Baux III co-prince d’Orange et seigneur de Courtheson", dated 1 Dec 1300, bequeathed property to "...frère Baucelin son fils...Guillaume et Barral ses fils...son fils Hugues...son fils Amiel... Bertrand son fils"[1295]. Seigneur de Gaudissart: Charles II King of Sicily granted "le château de Gaudissart" to "Hugues de Baux de Courthezon son...chambellan" by charter dated 22 Jan 1302, noting that 8 Aug “Bertrand de Baux III co-prince d’Orange seigneur de Courtheson père...d’Hugues de Baux” took possession[1296]. Charles II King of Sicily, at the request of "Hugues de Baux de Courtheson son chambellan", ordered an enquiry following a revolt by “certains habitants de Saint-Pierre in Galatina, diocèse d’Otrante” by charter dated 6 Apr 1304[1297]. Conte di Soleto: Charles II King of Sicily confirmed the sale of property by "Hugues de Baux de Courtheson, comte de Soletto, sénéchal du royaume de Sicile" by charter dated 1 Dec 1308[1298].

m as her second husband, GIACOPA della Marra, widow of GIOVANNI d’Acerno, daughter of --- (-after 11 Dec 1310). Robert King of Sicily ordered the restitution of "l’argent de son douaire...donnés par son premier mari Jean d’Acerno" to “Jacquette della Marra épouse d’Hugues de Baux de Courtheson sénéchal du royaume de Sicile et du Piémont” by charter dated 11 Dec 1310[1299].

Hugues & his wife had three children:

1. RAYMOND de Baux (-5 Aug 1375, bur [Casalucio or Naples Santa Chiara]). Robert King of Sicily confirmed the donation made by "Raymond de Baux de Courtheson" to “Jean Gutier de Grasse” in return for services to “son père Hugues et à lui-même“ relating to rights “sur la gabelle du bailliage de Soletto” by charter dated 24 Jun 1332[1300]. Marshal of Sicily. Conte di Soleto. He died before 18 Oct 1375, the date of the charter quoted below under his sister Suevia. Pithon-Curt records his date of death and place of burial “selon Angelo de Constanzo aux Célestins de Casalucio” or according to “la Chronique du Duc de Montéleon...à Naples...dans l’église royale de Ste Claire”[1301]. m firstly (11 Feb 1332) as her third husband, MARGHERITA d’Aquino Contessa d’Ascoli, widow firstly of RICCARDO di Marzano, and secondly of FEDERIGO d’Antiochia Conte di Cappeccie, daughter of CRISTOFORO d’Aquino Conte d’Acloi & his wife Teodora di Sanseverino-Marsico. Robert King of Sicily confirmed the assignation made by "Raymond de Baux son chambellan" of the dower of “Marguerite d’Aquino son épouse sur le château de Soletto et sur plusieurs parties de celui de Castrignano, dans le diocèse d’Otrante” by charter dated 11 Feb 1332[1302]. Pithon-Curt records her parentage and three marriages (no sources cited)[1303]. m secondly (before 1337) as her third husband, ISABELLA d’Apia, widow firstly of ADENOLFO d’Aquino Signore di Caprifico, Montoro e Lavello, secondly of DROGON de Morlet [Merloto], daughter of ---. A charter dated 1337 records that "Isabelle d’Appia épouse de Raymond de Baux de Courtheson maréchal de Sicile" was “veuve de Drogon de Morlet et tutrice de ses fils Nicolas et Jean de Morlet” and that “Isabelle d’Aulnay est leur ayeule”[1304]. Pithon-Curt records her parentage and three marriages (no sources cited)[1305].

2. SUEVIA de Baux ([1300/05]-[1336]). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the following document: Jeanne Queen of Sicily granted property to “Jean d’Arcussia de Capra comte de Minervino, seigneur d’Altamura, grand camerlingue du royaume de Sicile” after the death “sans enfant légitimes de Raymond de Baux comte de Soletto”, excluding “Nicolas des Ursins comte Palatin et de Nola, son neveu, fils de Robert des Ursins et de Suève sœur de Raymond de Baux”, by charter dated 18 Oct 1375[1306]. m ([1329/30]) ROBERTO Orsini, son of ROMANO Orsini & his wife Anastasia de Montfort ([1295]-before 15 Jan 1345).

3. BEATRIX de Baux (-1 Mar 1336). Pithon-Curt records her parentage, marriage, date of death, and her husband’s parents (no sources cited)[1307]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m FRANCESCO della Ratta Conte di Caserta, son of DIEGO della Ratta Conte di Caserta & his wife Odolina de Clermont.

J. CONTI di TARANTO

The city of Taranto is on the southern coast of the present-day Italian region of Puglia. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that Robert "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia captured Taranto from the Byzantines in May 1060[1308]. The Byzantines recaptured the city shortly afterwards, but the same source records that "Goffridus filius eius" (referring to "Gauffredus comes" whose death is recorded in Apr 1063, identified as Godfroi Conte di Loritello, brother of Robert "Guiscard") recaptured Taranto in 1063[1309]. The city must have been placed in charge of Guillaume, whose death in 1064 is recorded in the Chronicon Breve Normannicum[1310]. This Guillaume has not been identified. The same source records that "Mabrica cum exercitu magno Græcorum" re-entered Brindisi and Taranto in 1067[1311]. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that Duke Robert "Guiscard" re-entered Taranto in 1080[1312].

1. GUILLAUME (-Taranto 1064). Conte di Taranto. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that "mortuus est in Tarento Guilielmus Comes eius" in 1064[1313].

Chapter 6. OTHER NEAPOLITAN NOBILITY, UNALLOCATED

1. THURSTAN "le Bègue" (-after 1022). The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Stephano autem, Melo et Petro nepotibus præfati Melo" were granted "comitatum Cominensis" (by Emperor Heinrich II) together with "in auxilium Normannos, Giselbertum, Gosmannum, Stigandum, Torstainum balbum, Gualterium de Canosa et Ugonem Falluccam, cum aliis decem et octo", dated to [1022] from the context[1314]. Chalandon identifies these Normans as "Gilbert, Osmond, Asclettin, Toustain le Bègue, Gautier de Canisy et Hugues Falluca"[1315].

2. GAUTHIER de Canisy (-after 1022). The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Stephano autem, Melo et Petro nepotibus præfati Melo" were granted "comitatum Cominensis" (by Emperor Heinrich II) together with "in auxilium Normannos, Giselbertum, Gosmannum, Stigandum, Torstainum balbum, Gualterium de Canosa et Ugonem Falluccam, cum aliis decem et octo", dated to [1022] from the context[1316]. Chalandon identifies these Normans as "Gilbert, Osmond, Asclettin, Toustain le Bègue, Gautier de Canisy et Hugues Falluca"[1317].

3. ARNOLIN (-after Feb 1042). Lord of Lavello. Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[1318]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[1319].

4. HUGUES "Tuebœuf" (-after Feb 1042). Lord of Monopoli. Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[1320]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[1321]. same person as…? HUGUES (-after 17 Jun 1053). The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi records the presence of "Petrus et Galterus Amici insignes soboles, simul Aureolanus, Ubertus Muscaque, Ranaldus, comes Hugo, comesque Giraldius, Bovianensis comitis comitatu Radulfi" at the battle of Civitate, dated to 17 Jun 1053[1322].

5. TRISTAN (-after [1050]). Lord of Montepeloso. Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[1323]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[1324]. "…Tristainus cognatus comitis…" subscribed the charter dated 1053 (misdated) under which "Drogo…dux et magister Italie comesque Normannorum totius Apulie atque Calabrie" donated property for the soul of "fratris mei Guillelmi, Unfredi, Roberti"[1325].

6. HERVE (-after Feb 1042). Lord of Frigento. Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[1326]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[1327].

7. RAINFROI (-after Feb 1042). Lord of Minervino. Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[1328]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[1329].

8. GUILLAUME "Ybonis" . m ---. The name of Guillaume´s wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

a) ROBERT (-after Jun 1063). "Robertus comes Lorotelli, Amicus inclitus comes, Riccardus Andrie comes, Goffredus comes Cupersani, Petrus comes de Lesena, Robertus comes filius Guillelmi Ybonis comitis" declared the restitution of property to the monastery of Banzi by charter dated Jun 1063[1330].

1. CONSTANTIN . m ---. Constant & his wife had one child:

a) ROBERT (-after Dec 1081). "Robertus comes…de genere Normannorum et filius Constanti…senior et dominatorem de civitate Devia" {Monte d’Elio, prov. Foggia} donated property to the church of Santa Maria iuxta mare by charter dated Mar 1054[1331]. Lord of Devia. "Robertus Constantini filius" is named in a charter dated Dec 1081[1332].

2. RAOUL [I] de Devia . m GAITA, daughter of ROBERTO di Lucera & his wife Gaitelgrima di Salerno. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated Mar 1104 under which "Devie Rao…cum…conjuge comitissa Gaita et cum filii mei" donated property to Santa Maria di Tremiti for the soul of "cognati fratrisque mee uxoris comitis Henrici"[1333].

3. RAOUL [II] de Devia . The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "Raul de Devia" holding fiefs "[in] Deviam…de comitatu Loritelli", with "feudum II militum et cum augmento…milites IV"[1334].

1. HUBERT Muscaque (-after 17 Jun 1053). The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi records the presence of "Petrus et Galterus Amici insignes soboles, simul Aureolanus, Ubertus Muscaque, Ranaldus, comes Hugo, comesque Giraldius, Bovianensis comitis comitatu Radulfi" at the battle of Civitate, dated to 17 Jun 1053[1335].

1. ALFAN . Alfan was presumably the same person as one of the several Lombard counts of this name among the nobility of Salerno in the mid-11th century, see the document SOUTHERN ITALY (1). m ---. The name of Alfan´s wife is not known. Alfan & his wife had one child:

a) ALFAN (-after 1095). "Alfan comte de Nocera…fils du comte Alfan" is named in a charter dated 1095[1336]. Conte di Nocera.

1. GEOFFROY (-after 1083). Conte di Satriano. "Geoffroi…comte de Satriano" is named in a charter dated 1083[1337].

1. ROBERT de Avennes . "…Robertus de Avenas…" subscribed the charter dated 1053 (misdated) under which "Drogo…dux et magister Italie comesque Normannorum totius Apulie atque Calabrie" donated property for the soul of "fratris mei Guillelmi, Unfredi, Roberti"[1338]. "…Robertus de Avenas…" subscribed the charter dated 1060 under which "Robertus dux Italie, Apulie et Calabrie atque Sicilie" donated "castrum Aquebelle" to the monastery of La Trinità at Cava[1339]. "…Robertus de Avenas…" subscribed the charter dated Jun 1063 under which "Robertus comes Lorotelli, Amicus inclitus comes, Riccardus Andrie comes, Goffredus comes Cupersani, Petrus comes de Lesena, Robertus comes filius Guillelmi Ybonis comitis" declared the restitution of property to the monastery of Banzi[1340].

2. ROBERT Avenel . "Tancredus de Siracusa et Goffredus de Ragusia et Robert Avenelles et Radulfus de Belvaco" are named as present in a charter dated [Mar 25/31 Aug] 1107 under which "Adalasia comitissa Siciliæ et Calabriæ et…comes Rogerius filius eius" donated property to the bishopric of Squillace on the advice of "ipsorum baronum…Roberti Borelli et Gosberti de Licia et Willelmi de Altavilla"[1341]. "…Robertus Avenellus…" witnessed a charter dated [Oct] 1116 by which "Rogerius Sicilie atque Calabrie comes" confirmed a judgment relating to Bagnara[1342].

3. RAINALD Avenel (-[Nov 1132]). m (1119) ADELISIA, daughter of RODOLFO MACABEO Conte di Montescaglioso & his wife Emma of Sicily (-after 15 May 1158). "Adelicia neptis domini Rogerii…regis" donated the church of San Pietro di Golisano to the bishop of Cefalù by charter dated Jun 1140, subscribed by "Adam Avenel filius domine Adelicie…"[1343]. "Adelicia domini…regis Rogerii neptis" donated a mill to the church of Malvicino by charter dated 1156, subscribed by "Adam Avellus, Roberto de Sancto Iohanne…Rogerius de Roberto senescalcus…"[1344]. William I King of Sicily confirmed a donation by "Adelicia" to the monastery of Santa Lucia in Adernò by charter dated to before May 1158[1345]. “Adelicia...regis Rogerii neptis” founded a monastery “in oppido meo Hadernione”, for the souls of “...Raynaldi Avenelle quondam mariti mei et omnium filiorum et successorum meorum”, with the consent of “filiis meis Adam et Mathilde”, by charter dated 12 May 1158, and donated property by charter dated 15 May 1158[1346]. Rainald & his wife had two children:

a) ADAM Avenel (-after 12 May 1158). "Adelicia neptis domini Rogerii…regis" donated the church of San Pietro di Golisano to the bishop of Cefalù by charter dated Jun 1140, subscribed by "Adam Avenel filius domine Adelicie…"[1347]. "Adelicia domini…regis Rogerii neptis" donated a mill to the church of Malvicino by charter dated 1156, subscribed by "Adam Avellus, Roberto de Sancto Iohanne…Rogerius de Roberto senescalcus…"[1348]. “Adelicia...regis Rogerii neptis” founded a monastery “in oppido meo Hadernione”, for the souls of “...Raynaldi Avenelle quondam mariti mei et omnium filiorum et successorum meorum”, with the consent of “filiis meis Adam et Mathilde”, by charter dated 12 May 1158[1349].

b) MATILDA Avenel . “Adelicia...regis Rogerii neptis” founded a monastery “in oppido meo Hadernione”, for the souls of “...Raynaldi Avenelle quondam mariti mei et omnium filiorum et successorum meorum”, with the consent of “filiis meis Adam et Mathilde”, by charter dated 12 May 1158[1350]. m RICCARDO di Aquila, son of RICCARDO di Aquila & his wife ---.

1. TANCRED di Siracusa . "Tancredus de Siracusa et Goffredus de Ragusia et Robert Avenelles et Radulfus de Belvaco" are named as present in a charter dated [Mar 25/31 Aug] 1107 under which "Adalasia comitissa Siciliæ et Calabriæ et…comes Rogerius filius eius" donated property to the bishopric of Squillace on the advice of "ipsorum baronum…Roberti Borelli et Gosberti de Licia et Willelmi de Altavilla"[1351].

2. RAOUL de Beauvais . "Tancredus de Siracusa et Goffredus de Ragusia et Robert Avenelles et Radulfus de Belvaco" are named as present in a charter dated [Mar 25/31 Aug] 1107 under which "Adalasia comitissa Siciliæ et Calabriæ et…comes Rogerius filius eius" donated property to the bishopric of Squillace on the advice of "ipsorum baronum…Roberti Borelli et Gosberti de Licia et Willelmi de Altavilla"[1352].

3. GUILLAUME de Hauteville . "Adalasia comitissa Siciliæ et Calabriæ et…comes Rogerius filius eius" donated property to the bishopric of Squillace on the advice of "ipsorum baronum…Roberti Borelli et Gosberti de Licia et Willelmi de Altavilla" by charter dated [Mar 25/31 Aug] 1107[1353].

4. ROBERT Borell . "Adalasia comitissa Siciliæ et Calabriæ et…comes Rogerius filius eius" donated property to the bishopric of Squillace on the advice of "ipsorum baronum…Roberti Borelli et Gosberti de Licia et Willelmi de Altavilla" by charter dated [Mar 25/31 Aug] 1107[1354].

5. RAYNALD de Tiron . "…Rainaldus de Tiron" witnessed a charter dated [Oct] 1116 by which "Rogerius Sicilie atque Calabrie comes" confirmed a judgment relating to Bagnara[1355].

1. RAOUL de Theville . m ---. The name of Raoul´s wife is not known. Raoul & his wife had three children:

a) SIMONE di Tivilla [Theville] (-[1158/Feb 1159]). "Simon de Theville fils de Raoul" donated the church of San Michele Arcangelo near castellum Bessantino to the prior of San Leonardo di Siponto, for the salvation of "son père Raoul, de son épouse Mabilia et de son fils Robert", by charter dated 1143[1356]. The testament of "Simone de Sivilla", dated 1158, requested burial at Cava in return for the donation of the church of San Giovanni Battista in Gualdo, near Montella e Nusco, which he had founded in 1147, with the consent of "della moglie Saracena e del fratello Eudo"[1357]. m firstly ([1121/Feb 1122]) as her second husband, MABILIA di Giffoni, widow of ROBERTO di Eboli, daughter of GUAIMAR di Salerno Signore di Giffoni & his second wife Sichelgarda --- (-[Feb 1122/1143]). "Robert seigneur d’Eboli" donated property to Cava abbey, for the souls of "Amabile…conjugis mee…Guaimarii…filiis nostris", by charter dated Sep 1105[1358]. "Sichelgarda veuve de Gaimar I de Giffoni" donated property to Cava abbey, in the presence of "sa fille Mabilia [et] de l´époux de celle-ci Robert", by charter dated 1118, which names "son mundoald…Landulf de Baragiano, fils d’une fille du défunt Gaimar I de Giffoni"[1359]. "Mabilia filia quondam Guaymarii qui fuit filius domini Guidonis filii domini Guaymarii principis…uxor Symonis Normanni qui dicitur de Tibilla" confirmed the donation to Cava abbey by her mother by charter dated Feb 1122[1360]. m secondly as her second husband, SARACENA, widow of ROBERTO Capumaza, daughter of --- (-after Apr 1164). The testament of "Simone de Sivilla", dated 1158, requested burial at Cava in return for the donation of the church of San Giovanni Battista in Gualdo, near Montella e Nusco, which he had founded in 1147, with the consent of "della moglie Saracena e del fratello Eudo"[1361]. "Domina Sarracena" donated property to Cava, for the souls of "quondam virorum eius Roberti Capumazæ…et Simonis de Tivilla", in the presence of "domina Claritia filia ipsius dominæ Sarracenæ et Petro Caza", by charter dated Mar 1159[1362]. Signora di Serino. "Dominæ nostræ Saracenæ" is named as present in a charter dated Apr 1164 at castello Serino which confirmed a donation to Cava[1363].

b) EUDO di Tivilla (-after 1158). The testament of "Simone de Sivilla", dated 1158, requested burial at Cava in return for the donation of the church of San Giovanni Battista in Gualdo, near Montella e Nusco, which he had founded in 1147, with the consent of "della moglie Saracena e del fratello Eudo"[1364].

c) GUGLIELMO di Tivilla (-1165). "Guglielmo di Tivilla…dominatore di Nusco e di Montella" issued a charter dated Aug 1164[1365]. m ---. The name of Guglielmo´s wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had one child:

i) FULCO di Tivilla . The fief of Nusco was confiscated from "Fulco di Tivilla, il figlio di Guglielmo de Tivilla" because of his riotous behaviour[1366].

1. GIORDANO (-after 1122). The Chronicle of Falco Beneventano records that "Landulphus…comestabulus" made peace with "comite Jordano" in 1113, and names "Jordanus comes" in 1114 and 1115[1367]. The Chronicle of Falco Beneventano records that "Jordanis comitis…et comitis Rainulphi" joined in rebellion in 1119[1368]. The Chronicle of Falco Beneventano records that "comes…Jordanus" rebelled again in 1122 and was disinherited[1369]. m ---. The name of Giordano´s wife is not known. Giordano & his wife had one child:

a) ROGER . The Chronicle of Falco Beneventano records that "Rogerius comes, Jordani comitis filius", who was held in custody by "comitis Rainulphi", escaped and fled to Robert Prince of Capua in 1132[1370].

2. ADAM (-after 1135). The De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese records that "comes Adam" led the attack on Naples, dated to [1134/35] from the context[1371]. m (before [1134/35]) --- of Sicily, [illegitimate daughter of ROGER I King of Sicily & his mistress ---]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis of Alessandro Abbot of Telese which names "gener regis Adam" among the supporters of Roger King of Sicily, dated to [1134/35] from the context[1372]. If "gener" in this passage can be correctly translated as son-in-law, Adam´s wife must have been one of the king´s older children, presumably illegitimate as no other record has been found that indicates that she was the daughter of Queen Elvira.

3. RICCARDO di Esaya . The Annales Ceccanenses record that, after "Cristianus cancellarius et comes Gonzolinus" entered "Maritimam et Campaniam" in 1165, "comes Gilibertus et Riccardus de Esaya" came into Campania with the army of the king of Sicily and Verulani capitulated to them[1373].

1. RICCARDO di Caleni . Conte di Caleni. The Annales Casenses record that in 1190 "Roggerius Andreas et Richardus Caleni comites" supported "Tancredus comes Lici" and that in 1192 "Richardo comiti Caleni" transferred his support to Heinrich von Hohenstaufen[1374].

1. CRISTIANO . The Annales Ceccanenses record that, after "Cristianus cancellarius et comes Gonzolinus" entered "Maritimam et Campaniam" in 1165, "comes Gilibertus et Riccardus de Esaya" came into Campania with the army of the king of Sicily and Verulani capitulated to them[1375].

2. GONZOLINO . The Annales Ceccanenses record that, after "Cristianus cancellarius et comes Gonzolinus" entered "Maritimam et Campaniam" in 1165, "comes Gilibertus et Riccardus de Esaya" came into Campania with the army of the king of Sicily and Verulani capitulated to them[1376].

3. ALDUINO . The Annales Ceccanenses record that in 1185 Guillaume King of Sicily appointed "Alduinem et comitem Riccardo de Cerra" as captains over his land army[1377].

4. GIOVANNI di Sinopoli (-after [1167]). The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "Richardus comes de Mulisio, Bartholomaeus de Parisio, Joannes de Sinopoli" were captured and imprisoned[1378].

5. ALFONSO (-after Feb 1177). “...Amphusus comes Serullat...” subscribed the charter dated Feb 1177 which records the marriage contract between “Willielmus...Rex Siciliæ...” and “Johannam puellam regii...filiam Henrici...Regis Anglorum”[1379].

6. JOSCELIN (-after Feb 1177). “...Jocelinus comes Lert...” subscribed the charter dated Feb 1177 which records the marriage contract between “Willielmus...Rex Siciliæ...” and “Johannam puellam regii...filiam Henrici...Regis Anglorum”[1380].

1. ROBERTO . Conte di Abruzzi. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1168], records "comes Robertus Aprutii" holding "a Domino Rege in Penne Acrium…in Aprutio Sanctum Flavianum…et Contraguerram…et Civitellam…et Campolum…et Auferanum…et in Asculo…Aquamvivam…in Asculo" and "in Tenimento Penne", with "feuda militum XLIV et augmentum eius…milites LXXXVI, inter feudum et augmentum…milites CXX" and in Penne "militum CXXXVII et medii et augmentum…milites CXLI…", and listing his feeholders in both places[1381].

2. RUGGIERO (-after Jan 1200). Conte di Laviano. "I monaci Ruggiero e Andrea…preposito e cellerario del monastero di Montevergine" sold property of the monastery to pay a debt due to "conte Ruggiero di Lavano" resulting "del forte contributo imposto dell´imperatore Enrico VI" by charter dated Jan 1200[1382].

1. RINALDO di Barato . m ---. The name of Rainaldo's wife is not known. Rinaldo & his wife had two children:

a) RINALDO . The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "comes Raynaldus filius Raynaldi de Barato" held "Introduco" against Emperor Friedrich II and that "Bertoldus frater Raynaldi dicti ducis Spoleti" forced its surrender, in 1226[1383].

[1] Catalogus Baronum Neapolitano in regno versantium ("Catalogus Baronum"), Re, G. del (ed.) (1845) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 1 (Napoli), pp. 571-616.

[2] Capasso, B. (1874) Historia diplomatica regni Siciliæ 1250-1266 (Naples), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, pp. 345-54.

[3] His work on Italian counties is available at <http://www.df.unipi.it/~rossi/comites.html> (14 Aug 2007).

[4] Ménager, L. A. ‘Inventaire des familles normandes et franques émigrés en Italie méridionale et en Sicile (XIe-XIIe siècles)’, University of Bari (ed.) Roberto il Guiscardo e il suo tempo. Relazioni e comunicación nelle Prime Ciornate normando-sveve (Bari, maggio 1973) (1975, Rome), p. 295, quoting Holtzmann, W. Quellen und Forschungen 36 (1956) no. 1, p. 41.

[5] Ménager ‘Inventaire des familles normandes’ (1975), p. 295, quoting Holtzmann (1956) no. 1, p. 41.

[6] Ménager ‘Inventaire des familles normandes’ (1975), p. 295, quoting Holtzmann (1956) no. 2, p. 44.

[7] Guerrieri, G. (1899) Il conte normanno Riccardo Siniscalco (1081-1115) e i monastery benedettini cavesi in terra d’Otranto (sec. XI-XIV) (Trani), Diplomi e documenti, XVI, p. 81.

[8] Enzensberger, H. (ed.) (1996) Codex Diplomaticus Regni Siciliæ, Series I, Tomus III. Guillelmi I Regis Diplomata (Köln, Weimar, Wien) ("Guillelmi I. Regis Diplomata"), Addimentum ad Diplomata Latina Rogeri II Regis, 31A, p. 141.

[9] Guerrieri (1899), Diplomi e documenti, XXVI, p. 106.

[10] Ménager ‘Inventaire des familles normandes’ (1975), p. 295, quoting Holtzmann (1956) no. 1, p. 41.

[11] Ménager ‘Inventaire des familles normandes’ (1975), p. 295, quoting Holtzmann (1956) no. 1, p. 41.

[12] Guerrieri (1899), Diplomi e documenti, XXVII, p. 108.

[13] Ménager ‘Inventaire des familles normandes’ (1975), p. 295, quoting Holtzmann (1956) no. 1, p. 41.

[14] Ménager ‘Inventaire des familles normandes’ (1975), p. 295, quoting Holtzmann (1956) no. 2, p. 44.

[15] Ménager ‘Inventaire des familles normandes’ (1975), p. 296, quoting Holtzmann (1956) no. 5, p. 51.

[16] Guillelmi I. Regis Diplomata, Addimentum ad Diplomata Latina Rogeri II Regis, 31A, p. 141.

[17] Guerrieri (1899), Diplomi e documenti, XXVI, p. 106.

[18] Guerrieri (1899), Diplomi e documenti, XXVII, p. 108.

[19] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 423.

[20] Guerrieri (1899), Diplomi e documenti, XXVI, p. 106.

[21] Guerrieri (1899), Diplomi e documenti, XXVII, p. 108.

[22] Cronica di Romualdo Guarna arcivescovo Salernitano (Chronicon Romualdi II archiepiscopi Salernitani) ("Romualdo Guarna"), Re, G. del (ed.) (1845) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 1 (Napoli), 1133, p. 11.

[23] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 423.

[24] Guerrieri (1899), Diplomi e documenti, XXIII, p. 98.

[25] Guerrieri (1899), Diplomi e documenti, XXIII, p. 95.

[26] Guerrieri (1899), p. 20, citing Gittio A. G. Genealogie e notizie di parecchie famiglie e cose diverse, Biblioteca Brancacciana di Napoli, Sezione Manoscritti, Miscellanea IV, D. I, I.

[27] Guerrieri (1899), Diplomi e documenti, XXVI, p. 106.

[28] Guerrieri (1899), Diplomi e documenti, XXVII, p. 108.

[29] Guerrieri (1899), p. 20, citing Gittio A. G. Genealogie e notizie di parecchie famiglie e cose diverse, Biblioteca Brancacciana di Napoli, Sezione Manoscritti, Miscellanea IV, D. I, I.

[30] Catalogus Baronum, p. 587.

[31] Houben, H. (trans. Loud, G. H. & Milburn, D.) (2002) Roger II of Sicily, A Ruler between East and West (Cambridge University Press), p. 22.

[32] Brühl, C. R. (ed.) (1987) Codex Diplomaticus Regni Siciliæ, Series I, Tomus II/1. Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina (Köln, Wien) ("Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina"), 2, p. 4.

[33] Pirro, R. (1733) Sicilia Sacra (Palermo), Vol. I, pp. 524-5.

[34] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, pp. 524-5.

[35] Garufi, C. A. (1899) I documenti inediti dell’epoca Normanna in Sicilia, Parte Prima, Documenti per servire alla Storia di Sicilia, prima serie, diplomatica, Vol. XVIII (Palermo), XVI, p. 41.

[36] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, pp. 524-5.

[37] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, pp. 524-5.

[38] Loud, G. A. and Wiedmann, T. (eds. and trans.) (1998) The History of the Tyrants of Sicily by Hugo Falcandus (Manchester UP) (“Hugo Falcandus”), 12, p. 84, footnote 55 specifying that he was the son of Godfrey of Ragusa and grandson of Roger I King of Sicily.

[39] Catalogus Baronum, pp. 583-4.

[40] Catalogus Baronum, p. 587.

[41] Guillelmi I. Regis Diplomata, Appendix deperdita, 29, p. 116.

[42] Hugo Falcandus 32, p. 157, footnote 164 specifying that he was restored to his father's county and was also Lord of Ragusa in Sicily.

[43] Battaglia di Nicolosi, G. (1895) I diplomi inediti relativi all’ordinamento della proprietà fondiaria in Sicilia sotto i Normanni e gli Svevi, Documenti per servire alla Storia di Sicilia, prima serie, diplomatica, Vol. XVI (Palermo), ("Battaglia di Nicolosi (1895) Diplomi inediti"), 11, p. 9.

[44] Battaglia di Nicolosi (1895) Diplomi inediti, II, p. 163.

[45] Battaglia di Nicolosi (1895) Diplomi inediti, 15, p. 10.

[46] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, p. xi.

[47] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1279.

[48] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, p. xi.

[49] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1279.

[50] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, p. xi.

[51] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1287.

[52] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1279.

[53] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1287.

[54] Garufi, C. A. ‘Per la Storia dei Sec. XI e XII, Miscellanea diplomatica’, Archivio storico per la Sicilia orientale, Vol. 10 (1913), III, La contea di Paternò e i de Luci, p. 162.

[55] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1287.

[56] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, pp. 524-5.

[57] Garufi (1899) Parte Prima, XVI, p. 41.

[58] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 349.

[59] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 348.

[60] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 347.

[61] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, pp. 346-8.

[62] Mas Latrie, R. de (ed.) (1891) Chroniques d'Amadi et de Strambaldi (Paris) (“Amadi”), p. 214.

[63] Röhricht, R. (ed.) (1893) Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani (Oeniponti) (Supplement) 1442a, p. 99.

[64] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, Re, G. del (ed.) (1868) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 2 (Naples), p. 193.

[65] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 157.

[66] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, II, VIII, Re, G. del (ed.) (1868) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 2 (Naples), II, VI, p. 227.

[67] Capasso (1874), 239, p. 120.

[68] Tallone, A. (ed.) (1906) Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo (1091-1340), Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XVII (Pinerolo) ("Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo"), 1, p. 1.

[69] Hugo Falcandus, p. 187, footnote 216.

[70] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 5, p. 13.

[71] Garufi, C. A. ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni in Sicilia e nelle Puglie’, Centenario della nascita di Michele Amari, Vol. 1 (Palermo, 1910), Documenti, II, p. 70.

[72] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, p. xii.

[73] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, III, p. 71.

[74] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, IV, p. 72.

[75] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, V, p. 74.

[76] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 352, citing Pirro (1733), Tome I, p. 621 and Tome II, p. 933.

[77] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, IX, p. 81.

[78] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, p. xii.

[79] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, IV, p. 72.

[80] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, V, p. 74.

[81] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, p. xii.

[82] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, III, p. 71.

[83] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, IV, p. 72.

[84] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, p. xii.

[85] Alexandri Telesini Cœnobii Abbatis de Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis ("Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis)", Re, G. del (ed.) (1845) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 1 (Napoli), III.XXVI, p. 141.

[86] Guillelmi I. Regis Diplomata, 16, p. 44.

[87] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, VI, p. 70.

[88] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 933.

[89] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, VIII, p. 80.

[90] Hugo Falcandus 1 and 2, pp. 61 and 65, footnote 12 stating that he was the son of King Roger I's maternal uncle Henry Count of Paterno.

[91] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, VI, p. 70.

[92] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, VIII, p. 80.

[93] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, VI, p. 70.

[94] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, IX, p. 81.

[95] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, X, p. 83.

[96] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, IX, p. 81.

[97] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, X, p. 83.

[98] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, IX, p. 81.

[99] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, VI, p. 70.

[100] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, VIII, p. 80.

[101] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, IX, p. 81.

[102] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, X, p. 83.

[103] Hugo Falcandus, 20, p. 115.

[104] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, p. xii.

[105] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, p. xii.

[106] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, III, p. 71.

[107] Garufi ‘Gli Aleramici e i Normanni’ (1910), Documenti, X, p. 83.

[108] Battaglia di Nicolosi, G. (1895) I Diplomi inediti relativi all’ordinamento della proprietà fondiaria in Sicilia sotto i Normanni e gli Svevi, Documenti per servire alla Storia di Sicilia, prima serie, diplomatica, Vol. XVI (Palermo), ("Battaglia di Nicolosi (1895) Diplomi inediti"), L, p. 154.

[109] Battaglia di Nicolosi (1895) Diplomi inediti, L, p. 154.

[110] Battaglia di Nicolosi (1895) Diplomi inediti, L, p. 154.

[111] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1287.

[112] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1289.

[113] Garufi ‘La contea di Paternò e i de Luci’ (1913), IV, p. 178.

[114] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1290.

[115] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1287.

[116] Garufi ‘La contea di Paternò e i de Luci’ (1913), p. 162.

[117] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1287.

[118] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 934.

[119] Garufi, C. A. ‘Per la storia dei sec. XI e XII. Miscellanea diplomatica’, Archivio storico per la Sicilia orientale, Vol. X (1913) IV, I de Parisio e i de Ocra nei contadi de Paternò e di Butera, III, p. 361.

[120] Garufi ‘I de Parisio e i de Ocra nei contadi de Paternò e di Butera’ (1913), VIII, p. 369.

[121] Catalogus Baronum, pp. 583-4.

[122] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 348.

[123] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 350.

[124] Stasser, T. (2008) Où sont les femmes? (Oxford), p. 164, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium B 22.

[125] Stasser (2008), p. 164, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium B 22.

[126] Hugo Falcandus, p. 129 footnote 116.

[127] Annales Casenses 1193, MGH SS XIX, p. 316.

[128] Hugo Falcandus, 52, p. 182.

[129] Romualdo Guarna, p. 24.

[130] Stasser (2008), p. 164, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium B 18.

[131] Spinelli, A. (ed.) (1857) Regii Neapolitani archivi Monumenta edita ac illustrata (Naples) ("Regii Neapolitani Monumenta"), Vol. V, DXVIII, p. 295.

[132] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. V, DXVIII, p. 295.

[133] Stasser (2008), p. 172, citing Archives of Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinita, Armarii Magni, Armarium D 43, and Carlone, C. (1984) Falsificazioni e falsari cavensi e vergininai del secolo XIII, Altavilla Silentine, pp. 32-33.

[134] Stasser (2008), p. 172, citing Ménager ‘Inventaire des familles normandes’ (1975), p. 270.

[135] Stasser (2008), p. 164, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium B 18.

[136] Stasser (2008), p. 164, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium B 22.

[137] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. V, DXVIII, p. 295.

[138] Stasser (2008), p. 163, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium F 18.

[139] Stasser (2008), p. 163, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium F 18.

[140] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. V, DXVIII, p. 295.

[141] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. V, DXXXI, p. 325.

[142] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. V, DXVIII, p. 295.

[143] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. V, DXVIII, p. 295.

[144] Stasser (2008), p. 163, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium F 18.

[145] Stasser (2008), p. 163, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium F 36.

[146] Tropeano, P. M. (ed.) Codice Diplomatico Verginiano (Montevergine), Vol. I, 223, (extract in translation only) at Biblioteca Pubblica Statale con annesso Archivio del Monumento Nazionale de Montevergine, available at <http://www.montevergine.librari.beniculturali.it/index.php?it/170/1166-1169> (20 Nov 2009).

[147] Hugo Falcandus, 24, p. 129, footnote 116 naming his future wife, father, first cousin Robert Count of Caserta, and descent from Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno.

[148] Hugo Falcandus, 24, p. 129.

[149] Catalogus Baronum, pp. 583-4.

[150] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1204, MGH SS XIX, p. 339.

[151] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1220, MGH SS XIX, p. 340.

[152] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1223, MGH SS XIX, p. 343.

[153] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, pp. 348-9.

[154] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1204, MGH SS XIX, p. 339.

[155] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 349.

[156] Hugo Falcandus, 24, p. 129.

[157] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 349.

[158] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 348.

[159] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 349.

[160] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 348.

[161] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 347.

[162] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 348.

[163] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, II, II, p. 223.

[164] Diurnali di Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo, Re, G. del (ed.) (1868) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 2 (Naples), p. 633.

[165] Diurnali di Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo, p. 641.

[166] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, pp. 346-8.

[167] Amadi, p. 214.

[168] Röhricht (Supplement) 1442a, p. 99.

[169] Diurnali di Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo, p. 636.

[170] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, V, X, p. 313.

[171] Pollastri, S. ‘Une famille de l’aristocracie napolitaine sous les souverains angevins : les Sanseverino (1270-1420)’, Mélanges de l’école française de Rome, Année 1991 (103-1), p. 241 [available at <https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_1123-9883_1991_num_103_1_3156 > (22 Feb 2022)], citing Registres reconstruits de la Chancellerie angevine (Naples 1950-1982), Vol 5, 349 (1269-1270), p. 184.

[172] Pollastri ‘Sanseverino’ (1991), p. 241, citing Registres reconstruits de la Chancellerie angevine (Naples 1950-1982), Vol 10, 373, p. 166, and “Arch. Priv. Sanseverino di Bisignano, incarta fasc. no. 314 at Archives d’Etat de Naples”.

[173] François, M. ‘Histoire des comtes et du comté de Vaudémont’, Mémoires de la Société d’archéologie lorraine, Tome LXX (Nancy, 1932), p. 100.

[174] <http://www.genmarenostrum.com/pagine-lettere/letteras/SANSEVERINO/SANSEVERINO1.htm> (22 Feb 2022).

[175] Röhricht, R. (ed.) (1904) Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani, Supplement (Oeniponti), 1437a, p. 99.

[176] Pollastri ‘Sanseverino’ (1991), p. 243, citing “Arch. Priv. Sanseverino di Bisignano, perg. I^o num. n^o 3”.

[177] Zurita, J. (1669) Anales de la Corona de Aragon (Zaragoza), Tome I, Lib. V, XLI, p. 392.

[178] Pollastri ‘Sanseverino’ (1991), p. 243, citing “Arch. Priv. Sanseverino di Bisignano, perg. I^o num. n^o 3”.

[179] Pollastri ‘Sanseverino’ (1991), p. 243, citing “Arch. Priv. Sanseverino di Bisignano, perg. I^o num. n^o 3”.

[180] Diurnali di Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo, p. 633.

[181] Diurnali di Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo, p. 633.

[182] Buchon, J. A. (trans.) (1827) Chronique de Ramon Muntaner (Paris), Tome I, XVIII, p. 54.

[183] Pithon-Curt, J. A. (1750) Histoire de la noblesse du Comté-Venaissin, d’Avignon, et de la principauté d’Orange (Paris), Tome 4, p. 272.

[184] Saint-Genois, J. de (1782) Monumens Anciens (Lille), Tome I, p. 43.

[185] Goffin, R. ‘La Maison d’Enghien’, Généalogies enghiennoises, Vol. 1 (1966), p. 49, citing “B.R. mss. Goeth., no 736, fo. 45”.

[186] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, II, II, p. 223.

[187] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 346.

[188] Catalogus Baronum, p. 574.

[189] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 60, p. 170.

[190] Hugo Falcandus, 52, p. 182.

[191] Romualdo Guarna, p. 24.

[192] Catalogus Baronum, p. 574.

[193] Annales Ceccanenses 1188, MGH SS XIX, p. 288.

[194] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1204, MGH SS XIX, p. 332.

[195] Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum, MGH SS XXII, p. 498.

[196] Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum, MGH SS XXII, p. 498.

[197] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1223, MGH SS XIX, p. 343.

[198] Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum, MGH SS XXII, p. 498.

[199] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.41, MGH SS VII, p. 655.

[200] Chalandon, F. (1907) Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile (Paris), Tome I, p. 352, citing Pirro (1733), Tome I, p. 66.

[201] Dunbar, P. N. (trans.) Loud, G. A. (rev.) (2004) Amatus of Montecassino, The History of the Normans (Boydell) ("Amatus") II.34, p. 78.

[202] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 297, citing Malaterra, IV, 9.

[203] Amatus VII.3, p. 166.

[204] Ménager, L. R. (ed.) (1980) Recueil des actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie 1046-1127, Tome I Les premiers ducs 1046-1087 (Bari) ("Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie") I, 51, p. 178.

[205] Caspar, E. ‘Die Chronik von Tres Tabernæ in Calabrien’, Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken, Band X (Rome, 1907), Chronica Trium Tabernarum, 14, p. 39.

[206] Chronica Trium Tabernarum, 15, p. 40.

[207] Montfaucon, B. de (1708) Palæographia Græca (Paris), p. 396.

[208] Chronica Trium Tabernarum, 14, p. 40.

[209] Chronica Trium Tabernarum, 17, p. 41.

[210] Montfaucon (1708), p. 396.

[211] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 20, p. 54.

[212] Montfaucon (1708), p. 396.

[213] Hugo Falcandus, 24, pp. 127-8.

[214] Garufi (1899) Parte Prima, XLII, p. 96.

[215] Hugo Falcandus, 13, p. 86, footnote 61 naming her, her parents and her subsequent husband.

[216] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 431.

[217] Romualdo Guarna, p. 24.

[218] Hugo Falcandus, 24, pp. 127-8.

[219] Garufi (1899) Parte Prima, XLII, p. 96.

[220] Hugo Falcandus 55, p. 214.

[221] Clarke, A. & Holbrooke, F. (eds.) (1816) Fœdera, Conventiones, Litteræ...Thomæ Rymer (London) (“Fœdera (1816)”, Vol. I, Part I, p. 35.

[222] Hugo Falcandus, p. 215 footnote 272.

[223] Catalogus Baronum, p. 589.

[224] Huillard-Bréholles, J. L. A. (ed.) (1852) Historia Diplomatica Friderici Secundi (Paris), Tome III, p. 294.

[225] Böhmer, J. F. (1870) Acta Imperii Selecta, Urkunden Deutscher Könige und Kaiser (Innsbruck), 963, p. 669.

[226] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 148.

[227] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 181.

[228] Capasso (1874), 2, p. 5.

[229] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 193.

[230] Hugo Falcandus 1, p. 61.

[231] Tancredi Regis Diplomata, 12, p. 30.

[232] Tancredi Regis Diplomata, 12, p. 30.

[233] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 117.

[234] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, pp. 161 and 193.

[235] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 194.

[236] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, IV, XX, Re, G. del (ed.) (1868) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 2 (Naples), p. 292.

[237] Hugo Falcandus 9, p. 75.

[238] Hugo Falcandus 53, p. 192, footnote 224 specifying that he was the son of the former Count of Manopello who died in disgrace in [1156/57].

[239] Hugo Falcandus 53, p. 192, footnote 224 specifying that he was the son of the former Count of Manopello who died in disgrace in [1156/57].

[240] Catalogus Baronum, p. 580.

[241] Capasso, B. (ed.) (1881) Monumenta ad Neapolitani Ducatus historiam pertinentia (Naples) ("Monumenta Neapolitani Ducatus"), Vol. II, Part 1 (1885), Regesta Neapolitana, 607, p. 367.

[242] Hugo Falcandus 9, p. 75, footnote 51 naming his father and specifying the origin of the family.

[243] Romualdo Guarna, p. 24.

[244] Hugo Falcandus, 24, p. 129.

[245] Hugo Falcandus 32, p. 157, footnote 162 specifying that he was created Count of Loreto formerly held by his father Rambotus and also naming his wife.

[246] Catalogus Baronum, p. 580.

[247] Scandone, F. (1903) Per la controversia sul luogo di nascita di S. Tommaso d’Aquino (Napoli), p. 64.

[248] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 533 (extract in translation only).

[249] Annales Ceccanenses 1185, MGH SS XIX, p. 287.

[250] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 842 (extract in translation only).

[251] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1847) Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, The Chronicle of the reigns of Henry II and Richard I 1169-1192, known commonly under the name of Benedict of Peterborough (London) (“Benedict of Peterborough”) 2 1190, p. 141.

[252] Annales Casenses 1190 and 1191, MGH SS XIX, pp. 314 and 315.

[253] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1191, MGH SS XIX, p. 326.

[254] Gaudenzi, A. (ed.) (1888) Ignoti monachi Cisterciensis S. Maria de Ferraria Chronica (Naples) ("Ignoti Monachi Chronica"), p. 32.

[255] Annales Ceccanenses 1197, MGH SS XIX, p. 294.

[256] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1191, MGH SS XIX, p. 326.

[257] Annales Casenses 1193, MGH SS XIX, p. 316.

[258] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1197, MGH SS XIX, p. 329.

[259] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1199, MGH SS XIX, p. 331.

[260] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1200, MGH SS XIX, p. 331.

[261] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1201, MGH SS XIX, p. 332.

[262] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 1276 (extract in translation only).

[263] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1204, MGH SS XIX, p. 339.

[264] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1221, MGH SS XIX, p. 340.

[265] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1227, MGH SS XIX, p. 348.

[266] Ignoti Monachi Chronica, p. 39.

[267] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1232, MGH SS XIX, p. 365.

[268] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1242, MGH SS XIX, p. 383.

[269] Scandone, F. ‘Margherita di Svevia figlia naturale di Federico II, contesta di Acerra’, Archivio storico per le province Napoletane, Anno XXXI, Fascicolo II (Naples, 1906), p. 300, citing Gaudenzi (ed.) Riccardo da S. Germano Chronicon (Giannini, 1888), p. 309, quoting Necrologio Capuano.

[270] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1229, MGH SS XIX, pp. 351-2.

[271] Scandone ‘Margherita di Svevia’ (1906), p. 300, citing Vinea, P. de Epistolæ, Lib. IV, 6, p. 534.

[272] Scandone ‘Margherita di Svevia’ (1906), p. 301, citing Del Giudice Codice diplomatico Angioino, Tome II, p. 61.

[273] Scandone ‘Margherita di Svevia’ (1906), p. 300, citing Berger Registres, Tome II, p. 223, doc. 5258.

[274] Berger, E. (1897) Les registres d’Innocent IV (Paris), Tome II, 5258, p. 223.

[275] Capasso (1874), 61, p. 33.

[276] Scandone ‘Margherita di Svevia’ (1906), p. 301, citing Capasso Historia Diplomatica, p. 82.

[277] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 157.

[278] Scandone ‘Margherita di Svevia’ (1906), p. 309, quoting Necrologio Capuano.

[279] Scandone ‘Margherita di Svevia’ (1906), p. 298, citing Winkelmann Acta Imperii, Tome I, p. 698.

[280] Scandone ‘Margherita di Svevia’ (1906), Documenti, I, p. 326.

[281] Scandone ‘Margherita di Svevia’ (1906), Documenti, IV, p. 328.

[282] Scandone ‘Margherita di Svevia’ (1906), Documenti, VI, p. 330.

[283] Scandone ‘Margherita di Svevia’ (1906), Documenti, VII, p. 331.

[284] Scandone ‘Margherita di Svevia’ (1906), Documenti, II, p. 326.

[285] Capasso (1874), 61, p. 33.

[286] Catalogus Baronum, p. 598.

[287] Petri Diaconi, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis IV.25, MGH SS VII, p. 773.

[288] Ignoti Monachi Chronica, p. 17.

[289] Romoaldi Annales 1127, MGH SS XIX, p. 418.

[290] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, I.VII, p. 92.

[291] Romualdo Guarna, 1127, p. 6.

[292] Romualdo Guarna, 1130, p. 8.

[293] Romualdo Guarna, 1129, p. 8.

[294] Falconis Beneventani Chronicon ("Falco Beneventano"), Re, G. del (1845) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 1 (Naples), p. 207.

[295] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, II.XXV, p. 110.

[296] Romualdo Guarna, 1133, pp. 12-13.

[297] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, III.XXVI, p. 141.

[298] Annales Casinenses 1139, MGH SS XIX, p. 309.

[299] Ignoti Monachi Chronica, p. 25.

[300] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 423.

[301] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, Preface, p. 88.

[302] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, II.XIV, p. 106.

[303] Falco Beneventano, p. 207.

[304] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, II.XVI, p. 107.

[305] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, II.XXV, p. 110.

[306] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, II.XVI, p. 107.

[307] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, II.XXV, p. 110.

[308] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, III.XXVI, p. 141.

[309] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, II.XIII, p. 105.

[310] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, II.XV, p. 107.

[311] Ignoti Monachi Chronica, p. 29.

[312] Annales Casenses 1156, MGH SS XIX, p. 311.

[313] Annales Ceccanenses 1158, MGH SS XIX, p. 284.

[314] Annales Casenses 1160, MGH SS XIX, p. 311.

[315] Hugo Falcandus 12, p. 84, footnote 54 specifying that he was nephew of Rainulf Count of Caiazzo.

[316] Annales Ceccanenses 1161, MGH SS XIX, p. 285.

[317] Annales Ceccanenses 1166, MGH SS XIX, p. 285.

[318] Annales Casenses 1190, MGH SS XIX, p. 314.

[319] Annales Ceccanenses 1160, MGH SS XIX, p. 285.

[320] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1193, MGH SS XIX, p. 328.

[321] Romoaldi Annales 1116, MGH SS XIX, p. 415.

[322] Battaglia di Nicolosi (1895) Diplomi inediti, 1, p. 3.

[323] Catalogus Baronum, p. 598.

[324] Battaglia, G. (1895) I diplomi inediti relativi all’ordinamento della proprietà fondiaria in Sicilia sotto i Normanni e gli Svevi, Documenti per servire alla Storia di Sicilia, prima serie, diplomatica, Vol. XVI (Palermo), Tabulario della chiesa vescovile di Cefalù ("Cefalù"), XLII, p. 125.

[325] Cefalù, XLII, p. 125.

[326] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1202, MGH SS XIX, p. 332.

[327] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 1276 (extract in translation only).

[328] Porcelli (2007) Storia di Benevento nel libro su Apice, available at <http://www.abecommunication.com/news2.asp?ID=143> ("Porcelli (2007)"), 7.

[329] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 3, 1.

[330] Catalogus Baronum, p. 580.

[331] Catalogus Baronum, p. 589.

[332] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 4, 4.

[333] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 4, 4.

[334] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 4, 6.

[335] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 346 (extract in translation only).

[336] Catalogus Baronum, p. 589.

[337] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 5, 5.

[338] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 5, 8.

[339] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 350.

[340] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 350.

[341] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 198.

[342] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 350.

[343] Istoria di Saba Malaspina, II, V, p. 226.

[344] Epistola fratres Conradi…Panormitana ad episcopum Cathanensem, sive Brevis Chronica 1027-1083, RIS I.2, p. 279.

[345] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 350.

[346] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 383, footnote 4.

[347] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 382, footnote 2, citing Di Meo, A. (1795-1819) Annali critico-diplomatici del regno di Napoli della mezzana eta (Naples), Tome VIII, p. 308, Tome IX, p. 82, and Borgia, S. (1763-69) Memorie storiche della pontificia città di Benevento dal secolo VIII al XVIII divise in tre parti (Rome), Tome II, p. 378, Sancti Nicolai miracula Beneventi facta.

[348] Falco Beneventano, p. 176.

[349] Ignoti Monachi Chronica, p. 17.

[350] Falco Beneventano, p. 193.

[351] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, I.VII, p. 92.

[352] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, I.X, p. 93.

[353] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, III.VI, p. 138.

[354] Falco Beneventano, p. 250.

[355] Falco Beneventano, p. 250.

[356] ES XIV 183.

[357] ES XIV 183.

[358] Courcelles, J. B. P. J. de (1826) Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France (Paris), Vol. VII, Agoult, p. 17, and Généalogie historique de la maison de Sabran-Pontevès, extrait de l’Armorial Général de France, Registre supplémentaire (Paris, 1897) (“Sabran-Pontevès (1897)”), p. 22.

[359] Baux Chartes 728, p. 211.

[360] Baux Chartes 955, p. 276.

[361] Baux Chartes 964, p. 278.

[362] Baux Chartes 978, p. 282.

[363] Buchon (1845) Livre de la conqueste de la Morée, Tome I, p. 250.

[364] Livre de la conqueste de la princée de la Morée, p. 404.

[365] Miller, W. (1908) The Latins in the Levant. A History of Frankish Greece (1204-1566) (Cambridge and New York), p. 253.

[366] Miller (1908), p. 254.

[367] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 704.

[368] Miller (1908), p. 253.

[369] Miller (1908), p. 254.

[370] Miller (1908), p. 254.

[371] Sturdza (1999), p. 501. According to Miller (1908), p. 255, he was beheaded on the field of battle.

[372] Storia delle Alpi marittime di Pietro Gioffredo (Torino, 1839), Vol. III, p. 54.

[373] Baux Chartes 831, p. 242.

[374] Baux Chartes 850, p. 248.

[375] Baux Chartes 896, p. 260.

[376] Baux Chartes 967, p. 279.

[377] Delaborde, H. F. (1894) Jean de Joinville et les seigneurs de Joinville suivi d'un catalogue de leurs actes (Paris), p. 235 (no citation reference).

[378] Buchon II (1845), p. 388.

[379] ES XIV 183.

[380] ES XIV 183-88

[381] Baux Chartes 827, p. 240.

[382] Baux Chartes 907, p. 264.

[383] Baux Chartes 1135, p. 325.

[384] Baux Chartes 1151, p. 329.

[385] Baux Chartes 907, p. 264.

[386] Baux Chartes 982, p. 283.

[387] Baux Chartes 1151, p. 329.

[388] Baux Chartes 1066, p. 307.

[389] Baux Chartes 1066, p. 307.

[390] Baux Chartes 1135, p. 325.

[391] Baux Chartes 1149, p. 329.

[392] Baux Chartes 1135, p. 325.

[393] Baux Chartes 1135, p. 325.

[394] Baux Chartes 1135, p. 325.

[395] Baux Chartes 1177, p. 336.

[396] Baux Chartes 1191, p. 342.

[397] Baux Chartes 1166, p. 333.

[398] Baux Chartes 1289, p. 369.

[399] Catalogus Baronum, p. 582.

[400] Tropeano, P. M. (ed.) Codice Diplomatico Verginiano (Montevergine), 474, (extract in translation only) at Biblioteca Pubblica Statale con annesso Archivio del Monumento Nazionale de Montevergine, available at <http://www.montevergine.librari.beniculturali.it/index.php?it/170/1166-1169> (20 Nov 2009).

[401] Hugo Falcandus, p. 74 footnote 32.

[402] Hugo Falcandus, 14 and 21, pp. 105 and 120, footnote 80 naming his wife, his parents and his maternal grandmother.

[403] Hugo Falcandus 32, p. 157, footnote 162 specifying that he was created Count of Loreto formerly held by his father Rambotus and also names his wife.

[404] Catalogus Baronum, p. 582.

[405] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 569 (extract in translation only).

[406] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 733 (extract in translation only).

[407] Hugo Falcandus, 24, p. 129.

[408] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 5, 4.

[409] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 997 (extract in translation only).

[410] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 997 (extract in translation only).

[411] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 1091 (extract in translation only).

[412] Garufi, C. A. (1902) Catalogo del tabulario di Santa Maria Nuova in Monreale, Documenti per servire alla Storia di Sicilia, prima serie, diplomatica, Vol. XIX (Palermo), ("Santa Maria Nuova in Monreale"), pp. 6-7, Appendici, I, p. 161.

[413] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 437.

[414] Garufi ‘I de Parisio e i de Ocra nei contadi de Paternò e di Butera’ (1913), III, p. 361.

[415] Garufi ‘I de Parisio e i de Ocra nei contadi de Paternò e di Butera’ (1913), III, p. 361.

[416] Garufi ‘I de Parisio e i de Ocra nei contadi de Paternò e di Butera’ (1913), VIII, p. 369.

[417] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, p. 533.

[418] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 934.

[419] Garufi ‘I de Parisio e i de Ocra nei contadi de Paternò e di Butera’ (1913), III, p. 361.

[420] Pirro (1733), Vol. I, p. 533.

[421] Niese, H. ‘Das Bistum Catania und die sizilischen Hohenstaufen’, Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaftern zu Göttingen, Philologisch-historische Klasse aus dem Jahre 1913 (Berlin, 1913), p. 58, footnote 2).

[422] Nisse ‘Das Bistum Catania’ (1913), p. 58, footnote 1).

[423] Garufi ‘I de Parisio e i de Ocra nei contadi de Paternò e di Butera’ (1913), p. 352, citing “Fonti dell’Istituto Storico Italiano, p. 44”.

[424] Nisse ‘Das Bistum Catania’ (1913), pp. 57-8.

[425] Garufi ‘I de Parisio e i de Ocra nei contadi de Paternò e di Butera’ (1913), III, p. 361.

[426] Garufi ‘I de Parisio e i de Ocra nei contadi de Paternò e di Butera’ (1913), III, p. 361.

[427] Garufi ‘I de Parisio e i de Ocra nei contadi de Paternò e di Butera’ (1913), III, p. 361.

[428] Hugo Falcandus 29, pp. 153-5.

[429] Molinier, A. (ed.) (1900) Correspondance administrative d'Alfonse de Poitiers (Paris) ("Alfonse de Poitou Correspondance") 557, p. 337.

[430] Sturdza, M. D. (1999) Dictionnaire Historique et Généalogique des Grandes Familles de Grèce, d'Albanie et de Constantinople (2e edition Paris), p. 504.

[431] Baux Chartes 585, p. 167.

[432] Baux Chartes 616, p. 177.

[433] Baux Chartes 646, p. 186.

[434] Baux Chartes 824, p. 239.

[435] Baux Chartes 853, p. 248.

[436] Baux Chartes 867, p. 252.

[437] Barthélemy, L. (ed.) (1882) Inventaire chronologique des chartes de la famille de Baux ("Baux Chartes") 313, p. 88, citing Ch. orig. no. 3, avec sceau en cire de Barral, Fonds du Valentinois, Isère.

[438] Baux Chartes 386, p. 111, citing Fonds de Valentinois, ch. no. 4, Isère.

[439] Du Chesne, A. (1628) Histoire généalogique des comtes de Valentinois et de Diois (Paris) ("Du Chesne (Valentinois)"), Preuves, p. 11.

[440] Baux Chartes 635, p. 184.

[441] Baux Chartes 824,825, p. 239.

[442] Baux Chartes 886, p. 258.

[443] Baux Chartes 986, p. 284.

[444] Baux Chartes 805, p. 233.

[445] Baux Chartes 853, p. 248.

[446] Baux Chartes 868, p. 252.

[447] Minieri Riccio, C. (1872) Cenni Storici intorno i grandi uffizii del regno di Sicilia durante il regno di Carlo I d’Angiò (Naples), IV, p. 11.

[448] Baux Chartes 1030, p. 296.

[449] Baux Chartes 1051, p. 302.

[450] Baux Chartes 1134, p. 325.

[451] Baux Chartes 1337, p. 383.

[452] Baux Chartes 1353, p. 389.

[453] Baux Chartes 1030, p. 296.

[454] Baux Chartes 1061, p. 305.

[455] Baux Chartes 1325, p. 380.

[456] BnF Gallica, Cabinet des titres, Collection Cherin “Antignat-Arclais”, at <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10037635r/f120.item> (10 Apr 2024).

[457] ES XIV 159.

[458] Courcelles (1826), Vol. VII, Agoult, p. 24.

[459] State Archives, volume 104, page 59, fascicule 13.1.1, and Guichenon, S. (1780) Histoire généalogique de la royale maison de Savoie (Turin) ("Guichenon (Savoie)"), Tome IV, Preuves, p. 114.

[460] Baux Chartes 831, p. 242.

[461] Baux Chartes 850, p. 248.

[462] Baux Chartes 896, p. 260.

[463] Baux Chartes 967, p. 279.

[464] Baux Chartes 988, p. 284.

[465] Baux Chartes 1093, p. 314.

[466] Baux Chartes 1093, p. 314.

[467] Baux Chartes 986, p. 284.

[468] Baux Chartes 1181, p. 338.

[469] Baux Chartes 1181, p. 338.

[470] Regeste Dauphinois, Tome VI, 33672, col. 516.

[471] Baux Chartes 1181, p. 338.

[472] Baux Chartes 1279, 1280, p. 367.

[473] Baux Chartes 1462, p. 420.

[474] Justel, C. (1645) Histoire généalogique de la maison de Turenne (Paris), Preuves, p. 116.

[475] Baux Chartes 1142, p. 327.

[476] Regeste Dauphinois, Tome V, 27953, col. 449.

[477] Baux Chartes 1181, p. 338.

[478] Baux Chartes 1279, 1280, p. 367.

[479] Baux Chartes 1296, p. 371.

[480] Baux Chartes 1298, p. 372.

[481] Baux Chartes 1444-1446, 1448, 1480, pp. 414-16, 425.

[482] Baux Chartes 1181, p. 338.

[483] Baux Chartes 1567, p. 449.

[484] Baux Chartes 1606, p. 460.

[485] Baux Chartes 1627, p. 465.

[486] Baux Chartes 1181, p. 338.

[487] Baux Chartes 1181, p. 338.

[488] Baux Chartes 1387, p. 399.

[489] Baux Chartes 1181, p. 338.

[490] Baux Chartes 1462, p. 420.

[491] Baux Chartes 1509, p. 434.

[492] Baux Chartes 1511, p. 434.

[493] Baux Chartes 1511, p. 434.

[494] Baux Chartes 1181, p. 338.

[495] Baux Chartes 1392, p. 400.

[496] Baux Chartes 1181, p. 338.

[497] ES XIV 38.

[498] Baux Chartes 1627, p. 465.

[499] Baux Chartes 1044, p. 300.

[500] Du Chesne (Valentinois), Preuves, p. 34.

[501] Baux Chartes 944, p. 273.

[502] Baux Chartes 1011, p. 290.

[503] Baux Chartes 1044, p. 300.

[504] Baux Chartes 1129, p. 324.

[505] Baux Chartes 1132, p. 325.

[506] Baux Chartes 1131, p. 324.

[507] Baux Chartes 1131, p. 324.

[508] Baux Chartes 1132, p. 325.

[509] Baux Chartes 1181, p. 338.

[510] Baux Chartes 1030, p. 296.

[511] Baux Chartes 1051, p. 302.

[512] Sturdza (1999), p. 504.

[513] Baux Chartes 1103, p. 317.

[514] Huillard-Bréholles (1867), Tome I, 2516, p. 438.

[515] Baux Chartes 1303, p. 374.

[516] Huillard-Bréholles (1867), Tome I, 2516, p. 438.

[517] Baux Chartes 1353, p. 389.

[518] Baux Chartes 1462, p. 420.

[519] Baux Chartes 1512, p. 435.

[520] Huillard-Bréholles (1867), Tome I, 2516, p. 438.

[521] Baux Chartes 1337, p. 383.

[522] Sturdza (1999), p. 504.

[523] Huillard-Bréholles (1867), Tome I, 2516, p. 438.

[524] Baux Chartes 1353, p. 389.

[525] Baux Chartes 1354, p. 389.

[526] Baux Chartes 1356, p. 390.

[527] Baux Chartes 1378, p. 396.

[528] Baux Chartes 1409, p. 405.

[529] Baux Chartes 1422, p. 408.

[530] Baux Chartes 1462, p. 420.

[531] Baux Chartes 1462, p. 420.

[532] Justel (1645), Preuves, p. 114.

[533] Baux Chartes 1514, p. 435.

[534] Baux Chartes 1462, p. 420.

[535] Justel (1645), Preuves, p. 116.

[536] Justel (1645), Preuves, p. 127.

[537] Baux Chartes 1692, p. 482.

[538] Huillard-Bréholles (1874), Tome II, 5094, p. 211.

[539] Justel (1645), Preuves, p. 120.

[540] Baux Chartes 1462, p. 420.

[541] Baux Chartes 1505, p. 432.

[542] Baux Chartes 1514, p. 435.

[543] Baux Chartes 1519, p. 436.

[544] Baux Chartes 1462, p. 420.

[545] Huillard-Bréholles (1867), Tome I, 2516, p. 438.

[546] Baux Chartes 1353, p. 389.

[547] Baux Chartes 1462, p. 420.

[548] Baux Chartes 1512, p. 435.

[549] Baux Chartes 1567, p. 449.

[550] Baux Chartes 1567, p. 449.

[551] Baux Chartes 1632, 1633, p. 467.

[552] Baux Chartes 1636, p. 474.

[553] Huillard-Bréholles (1867), Tome I, 2516, p. 438.

[554] Baux Chartes 1353, p. 389.

[555] Baux Chartes 1354, p. 389.

[556] Huillard-Bréholles (1867), Tome I, 2516, p. 438.

[557] Huillard-Bréholles (1867), Tome I, 2722, p. 472.

[558] Huillard-Bréholles (1867), Tome I, 2723, p. 473.

[559] Huillard-Bréholles (1867), Tome I, 2735, 2736, p. 474.

[560] Huillard-Bréholles (1867), Tome I, 2786, p. 486.

[561] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.37, MGH SS VII, p. 652, and Amatus I.20-21, p. 51.

[562] Chibnall, M. (ed. and trans.) The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80), Vol. II, Book III, p. 57.

[563] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.37, MGH SS VII, p. 652.

[564] Amatus I.42, p. 60.

[565] Leonis Marsicani, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.56, MGH SS VII, p. 665, the date "1030" being added in the margin by the editor.

[566] Amatus II.6, p. 65.

[567] Amatus II.32, p. 77. .

[568] Amatus II.29, p. 76.

[569] Amatus II.30, p. 76.

[570] Amatus II.32, p. 77.

[571] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 109, citing Necrologia sancti Benedicti Capuanum, in Pratilli (ed.) Peregrini Historia principum Langobardorum, Tome V, p. 70.

[572] Amatus I.42, p. 60.

[573] Leonis Marsicani, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.56, MGH SS VII, p. 665, the date "1030" being added in the margin by the editor.

[574] Amatus I.43, p. 60.

[575] Amatus I.45, p. 61.

[576] ES II 204.

[577] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.37, MGH SS VII, p. 652.

[578] Le Prévost, A. (1845) Orderici Vitalis Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ (Paris) ("Orderic Vitalis (Prévost)"), Vol. II, Liber III, III, pp. 53-4.

[579] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.41, MGH SS VII, p. 655.

[580] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 66.

[581] Amatus II.31, p. 77.

[582] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[583] Leonis Marsicani, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.67, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[584] Amatus II.32, p. 77.

[585] Amatus II.45, p. 84.

[586] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, III, pp. 53-4.

[587] Catalogus Principum Capuæ, MGH SS III, p. 210.

[588] Amatus II.44, p. 84.

[589] Amatus II.45, p. 84.

[590] Amatus III.12, p. 90.

[591] Amatus III.11, pp. 89-90.

[592] Leonis Marsicani, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.67, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[593] Leonis Marsicani, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis III.29, MGH SS VII, p. 720.

[594] Amatus VI.24, p. 160.

[595] Amatus VII.5, p. 167, footnote 13 suggesting that this Richard was Richard Count of Monte Sant'Angelo, son of Robert.

[596] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book IX, p. 37, the editor in footnote 1 identifying him with the son of Rainulf Conte di Caiazzo.

[597] RHC, Historiens occidentaux I, Historia Rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum ("L'estoire de Eracles Empereur et la conqueste de la terre d'Outremer") (“William of Tyre”) II.XII, p. 70.

[598] Petri Diaconi, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis IV.25, MGH SS VII, p. 773.

[599] Amatus II.45, p. 85.

[600] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.37, MGH SS VII, p. 652.

[601] Amatus I.20, pp. 50-1. According to Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book III, p. 57, it was Gilbert's brother Osmond who killed the knight (see below).

[602] Amatus I.21-23, pp. 51-2.

[603] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.41, MGH SS VII, p. 655.

[604] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 66.

[605] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.37, MGH SS VII, p. 652.

[606] Willelmi Gemmetensis monachi Historiæ Normannorum, Du Chesne, A. (1619) Historiæ Normannorum Scriptores Antiqui (Paris) (“Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619)”), Liber VII, XXX, p. 284.

[607] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, III, p. 53.

[608] Amatus, Book I, c.19 and c. 21.

[609] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.41, MGH SS VII, p. 655.

[610] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 66.

[611] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, III, p. 53.

[612] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, III, p. 53.

[613] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.37, MGH SS VII, p. 652.

[614] France, J., Bulst, N. and Reynolds, P. (eds. and trans.) (1989) Rodulfi Glabri Historiarum Libri Quinque, Rodulfus Glaber Opera (Oxford) III.3, pp. 97-101.

[615] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 57.

[616] Leonis Marsicani, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.67, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[617] Amatus II.36, p. 80, and II.44, p. 84.

[618] Amatus II.34, p. 78.

[619] Amatus II.39, p. 82.

[620] Amatus III.2, p. 87.

[621] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676 note r.

[622] Amatus, p. 90 foonote 17, which does not cite the primary source reference.

[623] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676 note r.

[624] Amatus II.45, p. 85.

[625] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, pp. 116-7, citing Di Meo, Tome VII, pp. 283 and 312.

[626] Amatus III.11, pp. 89-90.

[627] Jahn, W. (1989) Untersuchungen zur normannischer Herrschaft in Süditalien 1040-1100 (Frankfurt), pp. 322-30, cited in Amatus, p. 76.

[628] Amatus III.36, p. 99, footnote 54 speculating that "daughter" must be an error for "widow".

[629] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 58, p. 198.

[630] Stasser (2008), p. 151, quoting Jahn, W. (1989) Untersuchungen zur normannischer Herrschaft in Süditalien 1040-1100 (Frankfurt), 7, p. 377.

[631] Leccisotti, T. (ed.) Le Colonie cassinensi in Capitanata ii Gargano (Miscellanea Cassinense 15, 1938), pp. 29-37 nos. 1-3, cited in Amatus, p. 202 footnote 40.

[632] Stasser (2008), p. 151, quoting Jahn (1989), 7, p. 377.

[633] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi III, MGH SS IX, p. 276.

[634] Stasser (2008), p. 407, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium B 27, and Petrucci, A. ‘Nota di diplomatica normanna. II Enrico conte di Montesanangelo ed I suoi documenti’, Bulletino dell’istituto storico italiano per il medioevo e archivo Muratoriano 72 (1960), app. I, pp. 170-3.

[635] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 61, p. 215.

[636] Leccisotti, T. (ed.) Le Colonie cassinensi in Capitanata ii Gargano (Miscellanea Cassinense 15, 1938), pp. 29-37 nos. 1-3, cited in Amatus, p. 202 footnote 40.

[637] Stasser (2008), p. 407, quoting Gattola, E. (1733) Historia abbatiæ Cassinensis (Venice), p. 412.

[638] Stasser (2008), p. 407, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium B 27, and Petrucci (1960), app. I, pp. 170-3.

[639] Stasser (2008), p. 407, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium B 27, and Petrucci (1960), app. I, pp. 170-3.

[640] Leonis Marsicani, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis IV.24, MGH SS VII, p. 773, footnote 13 specifying that "Heinricus erat f. Roberti comitis", citing Gall. Hist. p. 412.

[641] Stasser (2008), p. 408, citing Fuiano, M. (1978) Economia rurale (Naples), no. 4, pp. 145-7.

[642] Alexandri Telesini Cœnobii Abbatis de Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis ("Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis)", Re, G. del (ed.) (1845) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 1 (Napoli), III, 32, p. 144.

[643] Stasser (2008), p. 408.

[644] Stasser (2008), p. 208, quoting Petrucci, A. (ed.) (1960) Codice diplomatico del monasterio benedettino di S. Maria di Tremiti (1005-1237) (Rome), no. 89, p. 261.

[645] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676, and note r.

[646] Amatus II.31, p. 77.

[647] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[648] Amatus II.33, p. 78.

[649] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676 note r.

[650] Amatus II.36, pp. 80-1.

[651] Stasser (2008), p. 246, quoting Gallo, A. (ed.) (1927) Codice diplomatico Normanno di Aversa (Naples), 49, p. 395.

[652] Amatus III.34, p. 98, footnote 52 postulating that this was the Duke displaced by Guido, brother of Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno, not Guido himself.

[653] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi IV, MGH SS IX, p. 290. Amatus, p. 165 footnote 7, states that Herman was half-brother of Abelard, citing the Gesta Roberti, but this does not emerge from the text.

[654] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[655] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi IV, MGH SS IX, p. 290. Amatus, p. 165 footnote 7, states that Herman was half-brother of Abelard, citing the Gesta Roberti, but this does not emerge from the text.

[656] Amatus V.4, p. 134.

[657] Pontiari, E. (ed.) (1927-8) De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriæ et Siciliæ comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius (Bologna) (“Malaterra”), III.5, p. 60.

[658] Amatus VII.2, p. 165.

[659] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book IX, p. 37.

[660] William of Tyre II.XII, p. 70.

[661] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676 note r.

[662] Catalogus Baronum, p. 580.

[663] Catalogus Baronum, p. 594.

[664] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 349.

[665] Amatus III.11, pp. 89-90.

[666] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi, MHG SS IX, II, p. 256.

[667] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 9, p. 35.

[668] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 12, p. 47.

[669] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, Chronicon Monasterii Beneventani, p. 444.

[670] Murray, A. V. (2000) The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: a dynastic history 1099-1125 (Prosopographica & Genealogica), p. 226.

[671] Amatus III.11, pp. 89-90.

[672] Malaterra, I.30, p. 22.

[673] Leonis Marsicani, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis III.15, MGH SS VII, p. 707.

[674] Malaterra, Book I, c. 30, Amatus Book IV, c. 17, and William of Apulia Book 1, p. 41, although none of these sources specify the precise relationship.

[675] Stasser (2008), p. 163, citing Martin, J. M. (ed.) (1976) Les chartes de Troia. Edition et étude critique des plus anciens documents conservés à l’Archivio Capitolare, I 1024-1266, Codice Diplomatico Pugliese, Vol 21 (Bari), no. 28.

[676] Stasser (2008), p. 163, citing Spinelli, A. (ed.) (1861) Regii Neapolitani Archivii Monumenta edita ac illustrata (Naples) Vol. V, 521, p. 301.

[677] Stasser (2008), p. 163, citing Inguanez, M. ‘Diplomi inediti dei principi Normanni di Capua, conti di Aversa’, Miscellanea Cassinese, Vol. 3 (1926), no. 11.

[678] Stasser (2008), p. 163, quoting Spinelli, A. (ed.) (1861) Regii Neapolitani Archivii Monumenta edita ac illustrata (Naples) Vol. V, 522, p. 304.

[679] Spinelli, A. (ed.) (1861) Regii Neapolitani archivi Monumenta edita ac illustrata (Naples) ("Regii Neapolitani Monumenta"), Vol. VI, DLXXII, p. 38.

[680] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, DLXXII, p. 38.

[681] Stasser (2008), p. 165.

[682] Stasser (2008), p. 163, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium F 36.

[683] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, DLXXII, p. 38.

[684] Stasser (2008), p. 163, quoting Archives of Cava, Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinità, Armarium F 36.

[685] Hugo Falcandus 9, p. 75, footnote 51 naming his father and specifying the origin of the family.

[686] Hugo Falcandus, 24, p. 129.

[687] Hugo Falcandus 32, p. 157, footnote 162 specifying that he was created Count of Loreto formerly held by his father Rambotus and also naming his wife.

[688] Catalogus Baronum, p. 580.

[689] Capecelatro, F. (1640) Historia della citta e regno di Napoli (Naples), p. 175.

[690] As shown by a global search of the phrase “Sibilla/Sibilia di Medania” in Google Book.

[691] http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contea_di_Acerra (consulted 23 Dec 2013).

[692] Catalogus Baronum, p. 594.

[693] ES III 594.

[694] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 1119 (extract in translation only).

[695] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 349.

[696] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 349.

[697] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, pp. 349-50.

[698] Capasso (1874), Liber inquisitionum Carolo I pro feudatariis regni, p. 349.

[699] Catalogus Baronum, pp. 579 and 598.

[700] Piscicelli Taeggi, O. (ed.) (1887) Regestum Sancti Angeli ad Formas (Montecassino) ("Sancti Angeli ad Formas"), XLVII, p. 108.

[701] Catalogus Baronum, pp. 579 and 598.

[702] Fœdera (1816), Vol. I, Part I, p. 35.

[703] Catalogus Baronum, p. 616.

[704] Catalogus Baronum, p. 611.

[705] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 842 (extract in translation only).

[706] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1192, MGH SS XIX, p. 327.

[707] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1199, MGH SS XIX, p. 331.

[708] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1199, MGH SS XIX, p. 331.

[709] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1199, MGH SS XIX, p. 331.

[710] Berger, E. (1897) Les registres d’Innocent IV (Paris), Tome II, 5259, p. 223.

[711] Capasso (1874), 69, p. 37.

[712] Annales Sancti Pantaleonis Coloniensis 1246, MGH SS XXII, p. 540.

[713] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1223, MGH SS XIX, p. 343.

[714] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 313, citing Archives de Cava, E. 40, E, 46.

[715] Hugo Falcandus 50, p. 176, footnote 199 naming his father and grandfather.

[716] Malaterra, I.4, p. 9.

[717] Amatus III.43, p. 101.

[718] Malaterra, I.15, p. 16.

[719] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 9, p. 35.

[720] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 20, p. 89.

[721] The marriage must have taken place after Guillaume's arrival in Italy.

[722] Amatus IV.22, p. 118.

[723] ES II 204 and 205.

[724] Drell, J. H. (2002) Kinship & Conquest, Family strategies in the Principality of Salerno during the Norman period 1077-1194 (Cornell University Press), pp. 34 and 179.

[725] Houben, H. (1995) Die Abtei Venosa und das Mönchtum im normannisch-staufischen Süditalien (Tübingen), cited in Amatus, p. 118 footnote 32.

[726] Romoaldi Annales 1057, MGH SS XIX, p. 405.

[727] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 23, p. 87.

[728] Drell (2002), p. 179.

[729] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 379.

[730] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 379.

[731] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 55, p. 187.

[732] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, p. 187 footnote 1, citing Ménager, L. R. Les fondations monastiques, 24, p. 98.

[733] Drell (2002), p. 179.

[734] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, p. 187 footnote 1, citing Ménager, L. R. Les fondations monastiques, 24, p. 98.

[735] Houben (2002), p. 180.

[736] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 44, p. 123.

[737] Houben (2002), p. 181.

[738] Romualdo Guarna, p. 24.

[739] Runciman, S. (1978) A History of the Crusades (Penguin), Vol. 2, p. 124.

[740] Although this nickname is clearly misapplied due to confusion between Robert Guiscard's two brothers named Guillaume.

[741] William of Tyre II.XIII, p. 90.

[742] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book IX, p. 37.

[743] RHC, Historiens occidentaux, Tome IV (Paris, 1879), Alberti Aquensis Historia Hierosolymitana ("Albert of Aix (RHC)"), Liber III, Cap. XV and XVI, pp. 349-50.

[744] Itinerario di la Gran Militia a la Pavese II.XI, p. 682.

[745] ES II 204.

[746] Bedrosian, R. (trans.) (2007) Vardan Areweltsi's Compilation of History (New Jersey) 65.

[747] Matthew of Edessa, clxxxix, p. 260, cited in Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 47.

[748] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, pp. 112-14.

[749] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber XII, Cap. IX, p. 694.

[750] ES II 204.

[751] William of Tyre II.XIII, p. 90.

[752] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book IX, p. 37.

[753] Houben (2002), p. 22.

[754] Malaterra, III.28, p. 74.

[755] Annales Casenses 1134 and 1135, MGH SS XIX, p. 309.

[756] Amatus II.31, p. 77.

[757] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[758] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 1, p. 20.

[759] Delaborde, Seigneurs de Joinville, Actes, 586, p. 375, citing Arch. de Naples, Registro Angioino 9, fo. 154.

[760] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[761] Delaborde, Seigneurs de Joinville, Actes, 688 bis, p. 398.

[762] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[763] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[764] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[765] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[766] Baux Chartes 1166, p. 333.

[767] Baux Chartes 1289, p. 369.

[768] Baux Chartes 1166, p. 333.

[769] Baux Chartes 1289, p. 369.

[770] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[771] ES XIV 183.

[772] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[773] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 236 (no citation reference).

[774] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 236 (no citation reference).

[775] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 236 (no citation reference).

[776] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[777] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[778] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[779] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[780] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[781] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[782] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[783] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[784] Delaborde, Seigneur de Joinville, Actes, p. 235 (no citation reference).

[785] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 567, citing Archives de Cava, B. 17.

[786] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 283, citing Archives de Cava, C. 2, and Muratori, L. (1738) Antiquitates Italicæ medii ævi (Milan), Tome V, p. 786.

[787] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 567, citing Archives de Cava, B. 17.

[788] Ménager ‘Inventaire des familles normandes’ (1975), p. 285, quoting Scandone, F. Abellinum Feudale, II, 1, doc. LI, p. 114.

[789] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 36, and p. 567 citing Archives of Cava, F. 37.

[790] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 36, and p. 567 citing Archives of Cava, F. 37.

[791] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 214 (extract in translation only).

[792] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 245 (extract in translation only).

[793] Catalogus Baronum, pp. 579 and 582.

[794] Catalogus Baronum, pp. 579 and 582.

[795] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 623 (extract in translation only).

[796] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 623 (extract in translation only).

[797] Amatus II.31, p. 77.

[798] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[799] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi II, MGH SS IX, p. 254.

[800] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi, MHG SS IX, II, p. 256.

[801] Amatus IV.5, pp. 112-3.

[802] Amatus IV.17, p. 116.

[803] Amatus II.31, p. 77.

[804] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[805] Amatus, p. 77 footnote 52.

[806] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi, MHG SS IX, II, p. 256.

[807] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 9, p. 35.

[808] Recueil des Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 52, p. 181.

[809] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 9, p. 35.

[810] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[811] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[812] Recueil des Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, p. 181 footnote 4, citing Petrucci, A. (1960) Cod. Dipl. del monasterio benedittino di S Maria di Tremiti (Roma), n^o. 54, pp. 168-70, and n^o. 81, pp. 282-4.

[813] Recueil des Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, p. 181 footnote 4, citing Petrucci, A. (1960) Cod. Dipl. del monasterio benedittino di S Maria di Tremiti (Roma), n^o. 54, pp. 168-70, and n^o. 81, pp. 282-4.

[814] Lupus Protospatarius 1066, MGH SS V, p. 59.

[815] Recueil des Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, p. 181 footnote 4, citing Petrucci, A. (1960) Cod. Dipl. del monasterio benedittino di S Maria di Tremiti (Roma), n^o. 54, pp. 168-70, and n^o. 81, pp. 282-4.

[816] Recueil des Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, p. 181 footnote 4, citing Petrucci, A. (1960) Cod. Dipl. del monasterio benedittino di S Maria di Tremiti (Roma), n^o. 94, pp. 267-9.

[817] Hugo Falcandus 9, p. 75.

[818] Hugo Falcandus, 20, p. 115.

[819] Catalogus Baronum, p. 581.

[820] Guérard, M. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Père de Chartres (Paris) ("Chartres Saint-Père"), Tome I, Liber Primus, 23, p. 146.

[821] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, Liber Primus, 23, p. 146.

[822] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 39, citing Archives of Cava, B. 21.

[823] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, Liber Primus, 23, p. 146.

[824] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi, MHG SS IX, II, p. 256.

[825] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, Liber Primus, 23, p. 146.

[826] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, Liber Primus, 23, p. 146.

[827] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, Liber Primus, 23, p. 146.

[828] Amatus VIII.12, p. 193.

[829] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, Liber Primus, 23, p. 146.

[830] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, Liber Primus, 23, p. 146.

[831] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, Liber Primus, 23, p. 146.

[832] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 39, citing Archives of Cava, B. 21.

[833] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 39, citing Archives of Cava, B. 21.

[834] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 39, citing Archives of Cava, B. 21.

[835] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, Liber Primus, 23, p. 146.

[836] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, Liber Primus, 23, p. 146.

[837] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi, MHG SS IX, II, p. 256.

[838] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Tropeano, P. M. (1977) Codice diplomatico Verginiano (Montevergine), Tome I, 83, p. 331.

[839] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Gattola, E. (1734) Ad historiam abbatiæ Cassinensis accessiones (Venice), p. 207.

[840] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi II, MGH SS IX, p. 257.

[841] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Gattola (1734), p. 207.

[842] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Tropeano, P. M. (1977) Codice diplomatico Verginiano (Montevergine), Tome I, 83, p. 331.

[843] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Gattola (1734), p. 207.

[844] Sancti Angeli ad Formas, XVII, p. 37.

[845] Leonis Marsicani, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis IV.25, MGH SS VII, p. 773.

[846] Annales Casenses 1098, MGH SS XIX, p. 308.

[847] Leonis Marsicani, Chronica Monasterii Casinensis IV.25, MGH SS VII, p. 773.

[848] Annales Casenses 1135, MGH SS XIX, p. 309.

[849] Hugo Falcandus, 13, p. 86.

[850] Hugo Falcandus, p. 87 footnote 60.

[851] Hugo Falcandus, p. 87 footnote 60.

[852] Ignoti Monachi Chronica, p. 28.

[853] Houben (2002), p. 36 footnote 10.

[854] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Gattola, E. (1734) Ad historiam abbatiæ Casinensis accessiones (Venice), p. 207.

[855] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Gattola (1734), p. 207.

[856] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Gattola (1734), p. 207.

[857] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Gattola (1734), p. 207.

[858] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Gattola (1734), p. 207.

[859] Guerrieri, G. ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi (1092-1130)’, Archivio storico per le province Napoletane, Anno XXVI, Fascicolo II (Naples, 1901), Documenti, I, p. 295.

[860] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Jahn. (1989) Untersuchungen zur normannischen Herrschaft in Süditalien (1040-1100), Appendice no. 5.

[861] Morea, D. (1892) Il chartularium del monastero di S. Benedetto di Conversano, Vol. 1 (Montecassino) (“Conversano S. Benedetto (1892)”), 60, p. 130.

[862] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, I, p. 295.

[863] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, IV, p. 301.

[864] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, V, p. 303.

[865] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, VI, p. 305.

[866] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 29, p. 81.

[867] Malaterra, III.31, p. 76.

[868] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Gattola (1734), p. 207.

[869] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Gattola (1734), p. 207.

[870] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, VI, p. 305.

[871] Hugo Falcandus, 32, p. 157, footnote 158 specifying that he was created Count of Molise, vacant since the death of Count Hugo.

[872] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 437.

[873] Ignoti Monachi Chronica, p. 30.

[874] Annales Casenses 1176, MGH SS XIX, p. 312.

[875] Annales Casenses 1190, MGH SS XIX, p. 314.

[876] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1193, MGH SS XIX, p. 327.

[877] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1196, MGH SS XIX, pp. 328-9.

[878] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1220, MGH SS XIX, p. 340.

[879] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1221, MGH SS XIX, pp. 340-2.

[880] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1222, MGH SS XIX, p. 342.

[881] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1240, MGH SS XIX, p. 379.

[882] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1220, MGH SS XIX, p. 340.

[883] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1222, MGH SS XIX, p. 342.

[884] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1220, MGH SS XIX, p. 340.

[885] Weller, K. (ed.) (1899) Hohenlohisches Urkundenbuch, Band I (Stuttgart), 73, p. 50.

[886] Hohenlohisches Urkundenbuch, Band I, 78, p. 52.

[887] Hohenlohisches Urkundenbuch, Band I, 83, p. 54.

[888] Hohenlohisches Urkundenbuch, Band I, 137, p. 79.

[889] Della Mara, F. (1641) Discorsi delle Famiglie estinte, forastiere, o non comprese ne’ Seggi di Napoli (Naples), p. 26.

[890] Desvoyes, L. P. ‘Histoire de Provence : Berre ses barons, sa commune et ses armoiries’, Revue de Marseille et de Provence, Année 22 (Marseille, 1876), p. 190, footnote (4).

[891] Papon, J. P. (1778) Histoire Générale de Provence, Tome II (Paris), p. 334, footnote (1).

[892] Minieri Riccio (1872) I grandi uffizii, p. 105.

[893] Minieri Riccio (1872) I grandi uffizii, p. 107.

[894] Minieri Riccio (1872) I grandi uffizii, pp. 105-7.

[895] Minieri Riccio (1872) I grandi uffizii, p. 107.

[896] Minieri Riccio (1872) I grandi uffizii, p. 232.

[897] Minieri Riccio (1872) I grandi uffizii, p. 206.

[898] Dunbabin, J. (2011) The French in the Kingdom of Sicily 1266-1305 (Cambridge UP), pp. 117-8, citing Pas-de-Calais Série A, 29/24, 30/20, and36/11.

[899] Dunbabin (2011), p. 118, footnote 89, citing Pas-de-Calais Série A, 22/17.

[900] Della Mara (1641), p. 26.

[901] Camera, M. (1860) Annali delle due Sicilie (Naples), Vol. 2, p. 272.

[902] Minieri Riccio (1872) I grandi uffizii, pp. 232, 245, 249.

[903] Dell’Armi, Overo Insegne dei Nobili scritte dal Signor Filiberto Campanile, 3rd edn. (Naples, 1680), p. 137.

[904] Camera, M. (1860) Annali delle due Sicilie (Naples), Vol. 2, p. 272 (no precise source citation).

[905] Baux Chartes 1094, p. 315.

[906] Saint-Genois (1806), Vol. II, pp. 66, ,43.

[907] Camera, M. (1860) Annali delle due Sicilie (Naples), Vol. 2, p. 272, footnote (1), citing Della Marra, p. 26.

[908] Della Mara, F. (1641) Discorsi delle Famiglie estinte, forastiere, o non comprese ne’ Seggi di Napoli (Naples), p. 26.

[909] "Donazione", State Archives, volume 102, page 27, fascicule 1.

[910] State Archives, volume 102, page 25, fascicule 1.1.

[911] State Archives, volume 104, page 38, fascicule 23.

[912] Baux Chartes 1066, p. 307.

[913] Baux Chartes 1135, p. 325.

[914] Baux Chartes 1149, p. 329.

[915] Hugo Falcandus 4 and 9, pp. 67 and 75.

[916] Hugo Falcandus, p. 75 footnote 35.

[917] Hugo Falcandus 32, p. 157.

[918] Hugo Falcandus 53, p. 195.

[919] Catalogus Baronum, p. 603.

[920] Catalogus Baronum, p. 604.

[921] Hugo Falcandus 53, p. 195.

[922] Romualdo Guarna, p. 24.

[923] Catalogus Baronum, pp. 571-.

[924] Catalogus Baronum, p. 573.

[925] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 9, p. 35.

[926] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, I.X, p. 93.

[927] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, II.XVIII, p. 108.

[928] Hugo Falcandus, p. 149 footnote 144.

[929] Hugo Falcandus, 32, p. 157.

[930] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 437.

[931] Annales Casenses 1168, MGH SS XIX, p. 312.

[932] Hugo Falcandus 55, p. 214.

[933] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 232 (extract in translation only).

[934] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 232 (extract in translation only).

[935] Hugo Falcandus 4, p. 67, footnote 25 giving the ancestry shown here.

[936] Hugo Falcandus 32, p. 157, footnote 161 specifying that he was created Count of Alba and transferred to Andria in 1168.

[937] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 733 (extract in translation only).

[938] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1190, MGH SS XIX, p. 325.

[939] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1192, MGH SS XIX, pp. 327-8.

[940] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 1103 (extract in translation only).

[941] Catalogus Baronum, p. 573.

[942] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1199, MGH SS XIX, p. 331.

[943] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1204, MGH SS XIX, p. 339.

[944] Baux Chartes 920, p. 266.

[945] Baux Chartes 924, p. 268.

[946] Baux Chartes 1257, p. 361.

[947] Baux Chartes 924, p. 268.

[948] Kerrebrouck, P. Van (2000) Les Capétiens 987-1328 (Villeneuve d'Asq), p. 256.

[949] ES III 750.

[950] Dell’Armi, Overo Insegne dei Nobili scritte dal Signor Filiberto Campanile, 3rd edn. (Naples, 1680), p. 137.

[951] Camera, M. (1860) Annali delle due Sicilie (Naples), Vol. 2, p. 272 (no precise source citation).

[952] Baux Chartes 1094, p. 315.

[953] Saint-Genois (1806), Vol. II, pp. 66, ,43.

[954] Terrebasse, A. de (ed.) (1844) Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus (Vienne) ("De Allobrogibus") VIII, p. 469.

[955] Valbonnais, Marquis de (1722) Histoire de Dauphiné (Geneva), Tome II, I, p. 238.

[956] Boehmer, J. F. (1868) Fontes Rerum Germanicarum, Band IV (Stuttgart), Matthias Nuewenburgensis, p. 216.

[957] Valbonnais (1722), Tome II, CCXXXIX, p. 541.

[958] Valbonnais (1722), Tome II, CCXLIII, p. 554.

[959] Vidal, J. M. ‘Procès d’Adhémar de Mosset, documents inédits (Suite), Revue d’histoire de l’Eglise de France, Tome 1, no. 6, Année 1910, pp. 711-24, 712, footnote 5, citing “Reg. Vat. 115, n. 968” [not consulted], available at <https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhef_0300-9505_1910_num_1_6_1951> (23 Apr 2022). I am grateful to Tomeu Servera for communicating this source by email 11 Apr 2022.

[960] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 272.

[961] Baux Chartes 1465, p. 421.

[962] Baux Chartes 1237, p. 355.

[963] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 272.

[964] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 272.

[965] Sturdza (1999), p. 510.

[966] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 272.

[967] Baux Chartes 1768, p. 502.

[968] Baux Chartes 1768, p. 502.

[969] Baux Chartes 1510, p. 434.

[970] Sturdza (1999), p. 505.

[971] Baux Chartes 1768, p. 502.

[972] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 274.

[973] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 275.

[974] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 275.

[975] Miller, W. (1908) The Latins in the Levant. A History of Frankish Greece (1204-1566) (Cambridge and New York), p. 307.

[976] The claim of Queen Jeanne was through her third husband Infante don Jaime de Mallorca, who was the great-grandson of Marguerite de Villehardouin of Achaia who had staked a dubious claim to Achaia on the death of her sister Isabelle in 1312, see Miller (1908), p. 253.

[977] Sturdza (1999), p. 505, and Miller (1908), pp. 310-11.

[978] Baux Chartes 1588, p. 455.

[979] Baux Chartes 1577, p. 452.

[980] Baux Chartes 1579, p. 453 (marked 553).

[981] Baux Chartes 1588, p. 455.

[982] Baux Chartes 1588, p. 455.

[983] Baux Chartes 1768, p. 502.

[984] Baux Chartes 1768, p. 502.

[985] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 277.

[986] Béthune, Baron (1900) Epitaphes et monuments des églises de la Flandre au XVIe siècle (Bruges), p. 104, footnote (3).

[987] Baux Chartes 1768, p. 502.

[988] Justel (1645), Preuves, p. 120.

[989] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 278.

[990] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 278.

[991] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 279.

[992] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 279.

[993] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 280.

[994] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 280.

[995] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 281.

[996] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, pp. 281-3.

[997] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 279.

[998] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 283.

[999] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 283.

[1000] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, pp. 283-4.

[1001] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, pp. 284-5.

[1002] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 279.

[1003] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 279.

[1004] Amatus II.31, p. 77.

[1005] Burger, H. (ed.) (1865) Urkunden der Benedicter-Abtei zum heiligen Lambert in Altenburg, Nieder-Österreich, Fontes Rerum Austriacarum, Zweite Abteilung, Diplomatarium et Acta Band XXI (Wien) ("Altenburg St Lambert"), VII, p. 8.

[1006] Capasso (1874), 522, p. 323.

[1007] Gardner, A. (1912) The Lascarids of Nicæa, The Story of an Empire in Exile (Methuen, London), p. 178.

[1008] Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia, p. 192.

[1009] ES XVI 78.

[1010] Erchemperti Historia Langobardorum 15, MGH SS III, p. 246.

[1011] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 417.

[1012] Annales Ceccanenses 1120, MGH SS XIX, p. 282.

[1013] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, I.X, p. 93.

[1014] Romualdo Guarna, 1127, p. 6.

[1015] Romualdo Guarna, 1129, p. 8.

[1016] Romualdo Guarna, 1132, p. 10.

[1017] Ignoti Monachi Chronica, p. 18.

[1018] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 423.

[1019] Catalogus Baronum, p. 573.

[1020] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VII, p. 33.

[1021] Malaterra, II.39, p. 48.

[1022] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi III, MGH SS IX, p. 276.

[1023] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), p. 285.

[1024] Malaterra, II.39, p. 48.

[1025] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi III, MGH SS IX, p. 276.

[1026] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), p. 285.

[1027] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 9, p. 35.

[1028] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[1029] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[1030] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[1031] Lupus Protospatarius 1070 and 1071, MGH SS V, p. 60.

[1032] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 43, p. 96.

[1033] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 47, p. 106.

[1034] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV, Book VII, p. 33.

[1035] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 50, p. 111.

[1036] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, I, p. 295.

[1037] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, II, p. 298.

[1038] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 60, p. 130.

[1039] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, III, p. 299.

[1040] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, IV, p. 301.

[1041] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, V, p. 303.

[1042] Lupus Protospatarius 1101, MGH SS V, p. 63.

[1043] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, I, p. 295.

[1044] Stasser (2008), p. 95, quoting Jahn. (1989) Untersuchungen zur normannischen Herrschaft in Süditalien (1040-1100), Appendice no. 5.

[1045] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 60, p. 130.

[1046] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, III, p. 299.

[1047] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, IV, p. 301.

[1048] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, V, p. 303.

[1049] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, VI, p. 305.

[1050] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 29, p. 81.

[1051] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, I, p. 295.

[1052] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 60, p. 130.

[1053] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, III, p. 299.

[1054] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, V, p. 303.

[1055] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, IX, p. 312.

[1056] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 60, p. 130.

[1057] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, III, p. 299.

[1058] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, V, p. 303.

[1059] Lupus Protospatarius 1101, MGH SS V, p. 63.

[1060] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, VIII, p. 311.

[1061] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 417.

[1062] Houben (2002), p. 43, which cites the two contradictory sources concerning this appointment.

[1063] Romualdo Guarna, 1127, p. 7.

[1064] Romualdo Guarna, 1129, p. 8.

[1065] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 20, p. 54.

[1066] Houben (2002), p. 63.

[1067] Annales Casinenses 1133, MGH SS XIX, p. 309.

[1068] Romualdo Guarna, 1133, p. 13.

[1069] Hugo Falcandus, 20, p. 115.

[1070] Romualdo Guarna, 1133, p. 11.

[1071] Guillelmi I. Regis Diplomata, Addimentum ad Diplomata Latina Rogeri II Regis, 31A, p. 141.

[1072] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, VI, p. 305.

[1073] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, VIII, p. 311.

[1074] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, I.X, p. 93.

[1075] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, DCV, p. 117.

[1076] Romualdo Guarna, 1129, p. 8.

[1077] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), Documenti, IX, p. 312.

[1078] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 20, p. 54.

[1079] Romualdo Guarna, 1132, p. 10.

[1080] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 435.

[1081] Annales Casinenses 1133, MGH SS XIX, p. 309.

[1082] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), p. 291, citing Bernardino Tafuri, G. (1848) Dell’origine, sito ed antichità della città di Nardò (Naples), Vol. I, pp. 374-5.

[1083] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), p. 289.

[1084] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 180, citing Capacelatro (1724) Istoria di Napoli (Naples), Tome I, p. 174.

[1085] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 180, citing Siragusa (ed.) (1897) Falcandus Historia rebus gentis in regno Siciliæ, Fonti per la Storia d’Italia (Rome), pp. 69, 70, 72, 183.

[1086] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), p. 289.

[1087] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 181, citing Regii neapolitani archivii monumenta edita ac illustrata (Naples, 1857-61), Tome V, p. 185.

[1088] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 35.

[1089] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 63.

[1090] Romualdo Guarna, 1133, p. 11.

[1091] Romualdo Guarna, 1133, p. 13.

[1092] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book X, p. 279.

[1093] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XIV, p. 299.

[1094] Sharpe, Rev. J. (trans.), revised Stephenson, Rev. J. (1854) William of Malmesbury, The Kings before the Norman Conquest (Seeleys, London, reprint Llanerch, 1989), 389, p. 340.

[1095] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 39. According to Malmesbury, 389, p. 340, she died "by disease".

[1096] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Prieuré de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan, p. 239.

[1097] Robillard de Beaurepaire, C. de (ed.) ‘Recueil de chartes concernant l’abbaye de Saint-Victor-en-Caux’, Mélanges, documents publiés et annotés par MM Ch. de Beaurepaire, Paul le Cacheux, A. Héron et Hipplyte Sauvage, 5ème série (Rouen, 1898) ("Caux Saint-Victor"), I, p. 363.

[1098] Caux Saint-Victor, II, p. 370.

[1099] Caux Saint-Victor, p. 412.

[1100] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 80, p. 168.

[1101] Houben (2002), p. 86.

[1102] Meineke, A. (ed.) (1836) Ioannes Cinnamus, Nicephorus Bryennius, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn), Ioannes Kinnamos Liber IV, 2, p. 136.

[1103] Romualdo Guarna, p. 19.

[1104] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 182, citing Archives de Cava, G.

[1105] William of Tyre XVIII.II, p. 819.

[1106] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 182, citing Archives de Cava, G.

[1107] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber IV, 2, p. 136.

[1108] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 60, p. 170.

[1109] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 426.

[1110] Romualdo Guarna, p. 19.

[1111] Romualdo Guarna, p. 20.

[1112] Romualdo Guarna, p. 28.

[1113] Loud, G. A. (trans.) (2002) The Chronicle of St Clement, Casauria, by John Berard (extracts) (Leeds) ("Chronicon Casauriensis"), Book V, p. 38.

[1114] Ignoti Monachi Chronica, p. 29.

[1115] Hugo Falcandus 1 and 2, pp. 61 and 63-4.

[1116] Annales Casenses 1155 and 1156, MGH SS XIX, p. 311.

[1117] Anonymi monachi Cassinensis breve chronicon ("Cassinensis breve chronicon"), Re, G. del (1845) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 1 (Naples), p. 468.

[1118] Annales Casenses 1160, MGH SS XIX, p. 311.

[1119] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 12, p. 47.

[1120] Annales Ceccanenses 1161, MGH SS XIX, p. 285.

[1121] Hugo Falcandus, 23, p. 126.

[1122] Catalogus Baronum, p. 581.

[1123] Annales Ceccanenses 1169, MGH SS XIX, p. 286, and Annales Casenses 1169, MGH SS XIX, p. 312.

[1124] Chronicon Fossæ Novæ auctore anonimo ("Chronicon Fossæ Novæ)", Re, G. del (ed.) (1845) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 1 (Naples), p. 514.

[1125] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 106, citing Archivio di statò at Naples, Proces. di r. padr, 1069, fo. 14-16, cited in Bindi (1889) Monumenti storici ed artistici degle Abruzzi (Naples), p. 586.

[1126] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber IV, 2, p. 138.

[1127] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 133, p. 255.

[1128] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), p. 255, footnote a).

[1129] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1287.

[1130] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1197, MGH SS XIX, p. 329.

[1131] Chevalier, U. (1913) Regeste Dauphinois (Valence), Tome II, 7673, p. 315.

[1132] Amadi, p. 202.

[1133] Lignages d'Outremer, Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCC.XXXIII, p. 90.

[1134] Miller (1908), pp. 227-8.

[1135] Lignages d'Outremer, Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCC.XXXIII, p. 90.

[1136] Marino Sanudo Torsello Historia del Regno di Romania, II, p. 118.

[1137] Catalogus Baronum, pp. 572-3.

[1138] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), p. 257, footnote a) continued from p. 255, quoting Muratori (1741), Dissert. 68, Vol. V, p. 782.

[1139] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), p. 257, footnote a) continued from p. 255, quoting Muratori (1741), Dissert. 68, Vol. V, p. 782.

[1140] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), p. 257, footnote a) continued from p. 255, quoting Muratori (1741), Dissert. 68, Vol. V, p. 782.

[1141] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), p. 257, footnote a) continued from p. 255, quoting Muratori (1741), Dissert. 68, Vol. V, p. 782.

[1142] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 285 (extract in translation only).

[1143] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 569, citing Catalogus baronum, pp. 573 and 593, Archives of Cava H, 22 (1155) and H. 28 (1158), and Giudice, (1863) Codice diplomatico del regno Carlo I e II d’Angiò (Naples), Tome I, p. xxxv (1152).

[1144] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 285 (extract in translation only).

[1145] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 96, p. 189.

[1146] Catalogus Baronum, p. 573.

[1147] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 569, citing Catalogus baronum, pp. 573 and 593, Archives of Cava H, 22 (1155) and H. 28 (1158), and Giudice (1863), p. xxxv (1152).

[1148] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 569, citing Catalogus baronum, pp. 573 and 593, Archives of Cava H, 22 (1155) and H. 28 (1158), and Giudice (1863), p. xxxv (1152).

[1149] Catalogus Baronum, p. 591.

[1150] Catalogus Baronum, p. 591.

[1151] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 436.

[1152] Hugo Falcandus 9, p. 75.

[1153] Hugo Falcandus, 26, p. 149.

[1154] Romualdo Guarna, p. 24.

[1155] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 106, p. 205.

[1156] Annales Ceccanenses 1165, MGH SS XIX, p. 285.

[1157] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 110, p. 214.

[1158] Romualdo Guarna, pp. 32-3.

[1159] Annales Casenses 1168, MGH SS XIX, p. 312.

[1160] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 437.

[1161] Hugo Falcandus 55, p. 214.

[1162] Catalogus Baronum, p. 572.

[1163] Romualdo Guarna, p. 33.

[1164] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 110, p. 214.

[1165] Hugo Falcandus, 32, p. 157.

[1166] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 106, p. 205.

[1167] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 110, p. 214.

[1168] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 437.

[1169] Annales Casenses 1168, MGH SS XIX, p. 312.

[1170] Hugo Falcandus 55, p. 214.

[1171] Romualdo Guarna, p. 33.

[1172] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 110, p. 214.

[1173] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 20, p. 54.

[1174] William of Tyre XX.IV, p. 945.

[1175] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 118, p. 228.

[1176] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 118, p. 228.

[1177] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 118, p. 228.

[1178] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 118, p. 228.

[1179] Hugo Falcandus, 32, p. 157, footnote 160 specifying that he was made Count of Fondi and transferred to Gravina in 1168.

[1180] Hugo Falcandus 29, pp. 153-5.

[1181] Hugo Falcandus 29, pp. 153-5.

[1182] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), p. 228, footnote a), citing “Di Meo, all’A. 1178, no. 6...Archivio di Cava”.

[1183] Conversano S. Benedetto (1892), 196, p. 375.

[1184] Guerrieri, G. ‘Un diploma del primo Goffredo conte di Lecce’, Archivio storico per le province Napoletane, Anno XX, Fascicolo I (Naples, 1895), p. 70, quoting Archivio Della SS Trinità di Cava, Arm. B, 26.

[1185] Guerrieri (1895), p. 70, quoting Archivio Della SS Trinità di Cava, Arm. B, 26.

[1186] Guerrieri (1895), p. 70, quoting Archivio Della SS Trinità di Cava, Arm. B, 26.

[1187] Guerrieri (1895), p. 70, quoting Archivio Della SS Trinità di Cava, Arm. B, 26.

[1188] Guerrieri (1895), p. 70, quoting Archivio Della SS Trinità di Cava, Arm. B, 26.

[1189] Guerrieri (1895), p. 70, quoting Archivio Della SS Trinità di Cava, Arm. B, 26.

[1190] Guerrieri (1895), p. 70, quoting Archivio Della SS Trinità di Cava, Arm. B, 26.

[1191] Guerrieri (1895), p. 70, quoting Archivio Della SS Trinità di Cava, Arm. B, 26.

[1192] Guerrieri (1895), p. 70, quoting Archivio Della SS Trinità di Cava, Arm. B, 26.

[1193] Guerrieri (1895), p. 70, quoting Archivio Della SS Trinità di Cava, Arm. B, 26.

[1194] Guerrieri, G. ‘I conti normanni di Lecce nel secolo XII’, Archivio storico per le province Napoletane, Anno XXV, Fascicolo I (Naples, 1900), p. 196, quoting Cardinale Borgia Appendice alla Breve Istoria di Benevento, sec, ediz, p. 46 (1900), p. 196,.

[1195] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 2, p. 4.

[1196] Guerrieri (1900), p. 196, quoting Ughelli, F. Italia Sacra, Tome IX, p. 70.

[1197] Guerrieri (1900), p. 196, quoting Archivio Provinciale di Lecce, Documenti della città di Ostuni, Vol. VI.

[1198] Guerrieri (1900), p. 202, Documenti, I.

[1199] Guerrieri (1900), p. 208, Documenti, III.

[1200] Guerrieri (1900), p. 202, Documenti, I.

[1201] Guerrieri (1900), p. 202, Documenti, I.

[1202] Guerrieri (1900), p. 208, Documenti, III.

[1203] Hugo Falcandus 4, pp. 67-8, footnote 22 stating that his sister was mistress of Roger Duke of Apulia and mother of Tancred and Guillaume.

[1204] Hugo Falcandus 9, p. 75, footnote 34 giving his date of death and place of burial.

[1205] Catalogus Baronum Neapolitano in regno versantium ("Catalogus Baronum"), Re, G. del (ed.) (1845) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 1 (Napoli), p. 575.

[1206] Garufi ‘La contea di Paternò e i de Luci’ (1913), p. 162.

[1207] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1287.

[1208] Pirro (1733), Vol. II, p. 1287.

[1209] Guerrieri (1900), pp. 199-200, citing Ferrante Tanzi, G. (1896) La Contea di Lecce e la fine del primo periodo normando (Lecce, Salentina).

[1210] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 425, citing Collenucio (1551) Historiæ neapolitanæ (Venice), and Ferrari (1728) Apologia paradossica della città di Lecce (Lecce), cited in Tanzi, ‘La contea di Lecce’, in Per le feste del gonfalone di Lecce nel Giugno 1896 (Lecce, 1896), p. 35.

[1211] Hugo Falcandus, 9, p. 76.

[1212] Tancredi Regis Diplomata, 3, p. 8.

[1213] Guerrieri (1900), p. 211, Documenti, V.

[1214] Tancredi Regis Diplomata, 3, p. 8.

[1215] Guerrieri (1900), p. 202, Documenti, I.

[1216] Guerrieri (1900), p. 202, Documenti, I.

[1217] Guerrieri (1900), p. 208, Documenti, III.

[1218] Guerrieri (1900), p. 210, Documenti, IV.

[1219] Amadi, p. 202.

[1220] Nielen, M.-A. (ed.) (2003) Lignages d'Outremer (Paris), Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCC.XXXIII, p. 90.

[1221] Lourie, E. 'An offer of the Suzerainty and Escheat of Cyprus to Alfonso III of Aragon by Hugh de Brienne in 1289', English Historical Review LXXXIV (1969), pp. 101-3, cited in Edbury, P. W. (1994) The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades 1191-1374 (Cambridge University Press), p. 36.

[1222] Sturdza (1999), p. 507.

[1223] Lignages d'Outremer, Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCC.XXXIII, p. 90.

[1224] Miller (1908), p. 221.

[1225] Miller (1908), pp. 262-3.

[1226] Sturdza (1999), p. 507.

[1227] Hopf, C. (1873) Chroniques gréco-romanes inédites ou peu connues (Berlin), Marino Sanudo Torsello Historia del Regno di Romania, II, p. 118.

[1228] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[1229] Romoaldi Annales 1110, MGH SS XIX, p. 414, footnote 50 specifying that he was son of "Robertus comes de Matera".

[1230] Romoaldi Annales 1132, MGH SS XIX, p. 420.

[1231] Ignoti Monachi Chronica, p. 18.

[1232] Falco Beneventano, p. 219.

[1233] Houben, H. (1995) Die Abtei Venosa und das Mönchtum im normannisch-staufischen Süditalien (Tübingen), pp. 246-8 no. 13, cited in Amatus, p. 134 footnote 6.

[1234] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 9, p. 35.

[1235] Amatus V.4, p. 134.

[1236] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 61, p. 215.

[1237] Houben, H. (1995) Die Abtei Venosa und das Mönchtum im normannisch-staufischen Süditalien (Tübingen), pp. 246-8 no. 13, cited in Amatus, p. 134 footnote 6.

[1238] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 567, citing Codex diplomaticus Barensis, Tome III, p. 48.

[1239] Amatus V.4, p. 134.

[1240] Romoaldi Annales 1057, MGH SS XIX, p. 405.

[1241] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi III, MGH SS IX, p. 276.

[1242] ES II 204.

[1243] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi III, MGH SS IX, p. 276.

[1244] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), p. 285.

[1245] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi III, MGH SS IX, p. 276.

[1246] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[1247] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 1, p. 20.

[1248] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 9, p. 35.

[1249] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 12, p. 47.

[1250] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, VI, p. 156.

[1251] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 70, p. 203.

[1252] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XII, p. 168.

[1253] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, VI, p. 156.

[1254] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book IX, p. 37.

[1255] William of Tyre II.XII, p. 70.

[1256] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book IX, p. 63.

[1257] RHC, Historiens occidentaux IV, Baldrici Historia Ierosolymitana ("Baudry") II.III, p. 35.

[1258] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, VI, p. 156.

[1259] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XII, p. 168.

[1260] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 26, p. 72.

[1261] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 70, p. 203.

[1262] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XII, p. 168.

[1263] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XX, p. 184.

[1264] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XXI, p. 187.

[1265] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XXII, p. 189.

[1266] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XXIV, p. 193.

[1267] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 63, p. 179.

[1268] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XX, p. 184.

[1269] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XXI, p. 187.

[1270] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XXII, p. 189.

[1271] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XXIV, p. 193.

[1272] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XXI, p. 187.

[1273] Garufi (1899) Parte Prima, XV, p. 38.

[1274] Garufi (1899) Parte Prima, XXXI, p. 76.

[1275] Garufi, C. A. ‘Per la storia dei sec. XI e XII. Miscellanea diplomatica’, Archivio storico per la Sicilia orientale, Vol. IX (1912) IV, Conti di Montescaglioso, VI, p. 355.

[1276] Guillelmi I. Regis Diplomata, 14, p. 108, the editor's footnote stating that Adelicia was the daughter of Emma and Rodolfo Maccabeo, citing White Latin Monasticism, p. 157.

[1277] Garufi ‘Conti di Montescaglioso’ (1912), VII, VIII, pp. 356, 360.

[1278] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 70, p. 203.

[1279] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XII, p. 168.

[1280] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XII, p. 168.

[1281] Regii Neapolitani Monumenta, Vol. VI, Appendix, XII, p. 168.

[1282] Garufi ‘Conti di Montescaglioso’ (1912), III, p. 350.

[1283] Garufi ‘Conti di Montescaglioso’ (1912), III, p. 350.

[1284] Garufi ‘Conti di Montescaglioso’ (1912), IV, p. 352.

[1285] Garufi ‘Conti di Montescaglioso’ (1912), III, p. 350.

[1286] Garufi ‘Conti di Montescaglioso’ (1912), III, p. 350.

[1287] Garufi ‘Conti di Montescaglioso’ (1912), III, p. 350.

[1288] Garufi ‘Conti di Montescaglioso’ (1912), III, p. 350.

[1289] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi III, MGH SS IX, p. 276.

[1290] Guerrieri ‘I conti normanni di Bardò e di Brindisi’ (1901), p. 285.

[1291] Guerrieri (1900), p. 202, Documenti, I.

[1292] Hugo Falcandus 4, pp. 67-8, footnote 22 stating that his sister was mistress of Roger Duke of Apulia and mother of Tancred and Guillaume.

[1293] Hugo Falcandus 9, p. 75, footnote 34 giving his date of death and place of burial.

[1294] Catalogus Baronum Neapolitano in regno versantium ("Catalogus Baronum"), Re, G. del (ed.) (1845) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 1 (Napoli), p. 575.

[1295] Baux Chartes 827, p. 240.

[1296] Baux Chartes 841, p. 245.

[1297] Baux Chartes 866, p. 252.

[1298] Baux Chartes 918, p. 266.

[1299] Baux Chartes 961, p. 278.

[1300] Baux Chartes 1104, p. 317.

[1301] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 294.

[1302] Baux Chartes 1096, p. 315.

[1303] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 295.

[1304] Baux Chartes 1148, p. 329.

[1305] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 295.

[1306] Baux Chartes 1520, p. 437.

[1307] Pithon-Curt (1750), Tome 4, p. 293.

[1308] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[1309] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[1310] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[1311] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[1312] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[1313] Chronicon Breve Nortmannicum, RIS V, p. 278.

[1314] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.41, MGH SS VII, p. 655.

[1315] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 66.

[1316] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.41, MGH SS VII, p. 655.

[1317] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 66.

[1318] Amatus II.31, p. 77.

[1319] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[1320] Amatus II.31, p. 77.

[1321] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[1322] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi, MHG SS IX, II, p. 256.

[1323] Amatus II.31, p. 77.

[1324] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[1325] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 1, p. 20.

[1326] Amatus II.31, p. 77.

[1327] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[1328] Amatus II.31, p. 77.

[1329] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.66, MGH SS VII, p. 676.

[1330] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 9, p. 35.

[1331] Ménager ‘Inventaire des familles normandes’ (1975), p. 285, quoting Petrucci, A., II, 51, p. 160.

[1332] Ménager ‘Inventaire des familles normandes’ (1975), p. 285, quoting Petrucci, A., II, 84, p. 252.

[1333] Stasser (2008), p. 208, quoting Petrucci, A. (ed.) (1960) Codice diplomatico del monasterio benedettino di S. Maria di Tremiti (1005-1237) (Rome), no. 89, p. 261.

[1334] Catalogus Baronum, p. 581.

[1335] Gesta Roberti Wiscardi, MHG SS IX, II, p. 256.

[1336] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 567, citing Archives de Cava, D, 4.

[1337] Chalandon (1907), Tome II, p. 567, citing Archives de Cava, B, 32.

[1338] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 1, p. 20.

[1339] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 9, p. 35.

[1340] Actes des Ducs Normands d'Italie I, 9, p. 35.

[1341] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 2, p. 4.

[1342] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 5, p. 13.

[1343] Garufi (1899) Parte Prima, XV, p. 38.

[1344] Garufi (1899) Parte Prima, XXXI, p. 76.

[1345] Guillelmi I. Regis Diplomata, 14, p. 108, the editor's footnote stating that Adelicia was the daughter of Emma and Rodolfo Maccabeo, citing White Latin Monasticism, p. 157.

[1346] Garufi ‘Conti di Montescaglioso’ (1912), VII, VIII, pp. 356, 360.

[1347] Garufi (1899) Parte Prima, XV, p. 38.

[1348] Garufi (1899) Parte Prima, XXXI, p. 76.

[1349] Garufi ‘Conti di Montescaglioso’ (1912), VII, p. 356.

[1350] Garufi ‘Conti di Montescaglioso’ (1912), VII, p. 356.

[1351] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 2, p. 4.

[1352] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 2, p. 4.

[1353] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 2, p. 4.

[1354] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 2, p. 4.

[1355] Rogerius II. Regis Diplomata Latina, 5, p. 13.

[1356] Stasser (2008), p. 424.

[1357] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 4, footnote 4.

[1358] Stasser (2008), p. 423, quoting Archives of Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinita, Armarii Magni, Armarium D 51.

[1359] Stasser (2008), pp. 167 and 423, citing Archives of Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinita, Arca XXI, 21.

[1360] Stasser (2008), p. 424, citing Archives of Cava dei Tirreni, Abbazia di S. Trinita, Armarii Magni, Armarium F 21.

[1361] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 4, footnote 4.

[1362] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 4, footnote 3, quoting Archives of Cava, Armario II, O, n. 14.

[1363] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 4, footnote 5, citing Mimma De Maio, p. 120, and Purdgavine, p. 16.

[1364] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 4, footnote 4.

[1365] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 4, footnote 4.

[1366] Porcelli (2007), Cap. 4, footnote 4.

[1367] Falco Beneventano, pp. 164, 169 and 172.

[1368] Falco Beneventano, pp. 176-8.

[1369] Falco Beneventano, pp. 186-7.

[1370] Falco Beneventano, p. 217.

[1371] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, IV.I, p. 146.

[1372] Alessandro of Telese’s De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Siciliæ Regis, III.XXVI, p. 141.

[1373] Annales Ceccanenses 1165, MGH SS XIX, p. 285.

[1374] Annales Casenses 1190 and 1192, MGH SS XIX, pp. 314 and 316.

[1375] Annales Ceccanenses 1165, MGH SS XIX, p. 285.

[1376] Annales Ceccanenses 1165, MGH SS XIX, p. 285.

[1377] Annales Ceccanenses 1185, MGH SS XIX, p. 287.

[1378] Romualdo Guarna, p. 33.

[1379] Fœdera (1816), Vol. I, Part I, p. 35.

[1380] Fœdera (1816), Vol. I, Part I, p. 35.

[1381] Catalogus Baronum, pp. 601-3.

[1382] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 1075 (extract in translation only).

[1383] Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica 1226, MGH SS XIX, p. 347.