The duchy of Silesia, extending on either side of the upper reaches of the river Oder, developed in medieval times into a buffer state between the kingdoms of Poland and Bohemia. Today the area lies mostly in southern Poland but also extends into the north-eastern Czech Republic (Opava/Opawa/Troppau) and south-eastern Germany. The precise history of Silesia from the 9th to 11th centuries is uncertain, beyond the obvious Bohemian and Polish rivalry over the area. The ninth century chronicler known as the "Bavarian Geographer" mentions a Silesian state which, it is assumed, was absorbed into the early Polish Vistulan state which was overrun by Moravia in the second half of the 9th century[1]. After Moravia was in turn overrun by the Hungarians in 906, the Polonians extended their authority to include parts of the former Vistulan state[2]. Nevertheless, Bohemian influence in Silesia must have remained strong, as suggested by the possibility that Silesia’s principle city Wrocław (Breslau in German, referred to as “Vratislavia” in Latin texts) was founded by and named after Vratislav I Duke of the Bohemians[3]. Bohemia consolidated its position in southern Poland after helping Otto I King of Germany defeat the Hungarians at Lechfeld near Augsburg in 955 and occupied Krakow[4]. However, Mieszko I Prince of Poland conquered territories in southern Poland from the Bohemians in the late 10th century[5], and his successor Bolesław I took advantage of the Bohemian succession crises of the early 11th century to consolidate Polish influence in Silesia.

Rivalry between the two powers persisted, with open warfare breaking out several times during the first three decades of the 12th century[6]. The turning point for Silesia came when Bolesław III Prince of Poland, before he died in 1138, divided his lands between his five surviving sons, marking the splintering and weakening of the centralised Polish state whose fortunes only revived in the early 14th century. Silesia was inherited by Bolesław’s oldest son Władysław II, although he was expelled by his younger half-brother Bolesław IV. Władysław was supported by the emperor who, in 1157, forced Bolesław and his other brothers to accept arbitration to settle the dispute with Władysław. The result was the recognition of an autonomous Silesian state whose history from that time evolved separately from Poland, the descendants of Władysław II ruling in parts of Silesia until the mid-18th century.

Within a couple of generations, Silesia had moved from their Polish loyalties and gravitated to the Bohemian (and, more generally, the German) ambit. The importance of Silesia as a political entity was diminished because the Silesian princes divided their territories to create apanages for their younger sons. By the early 13th century, the territory consisted of numerous small autonomous duchies. The process was hastened by the invasion of Silesia in 1327 by Jan King of Bohemia who imposed Bohemian suzerainty on many of these Silesian principalities, which he re-granted to the incumbent princes as Bohemian fiefs[7]. Bohemian control over Silesia was accepted by Kazimierz III King of Poland at Trenčin 24 Aug 1335 in return for King Jan's renunciation of his claim to the Polish crown[8].

An indication of the relative status of the different ruling Silesian princes is provided by a charter dated Jul 1401 which records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[9]. The order of names partially reflects seniority by age but, particularly in the case of the younger princes, secondary ranking by status is also suggested.

The names of Silesian rulers and places are shown in this document in German, reflecting the prevailing German influence in the territory in the later medieval period. The present-day Polish equivalent place names are shown in square brackets in the chapters and sub-part titles.

The primary sources on Polish and Silesian history are diverse. The Chronica Polonorum, probably written by a German priest in Silesia in the mid-14th century, summarises Polish history from the origins of the Piast dynasty but concentrates on the development of Silesia after the early 12th century[10]. Although the first part of the Chronica is based on earlier sources, it includes certain details which have not yet been found in other documentation. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum surveys Polish history from its origins but is especially useful for Silesian history until the late 13th century[11]. The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis and the Annales Cracovienses Compilati summarise events in central European history until the mid-10th century and detail Polish and Silesian history until 1331[12]. The Annales Wratislavienses summarise major events in Silesian history from the early 13th to the early 16th centuries[13]. The coverage of the brief Annales Silesiæ Superioris extends mainly from the mid- to late-13th century but includes details which are unavailable elsewhere[14]. The Chronica principum Poloniæ, which includes information dated up to the late 14th century, includes a detailed survey of the development of the individual Silesian principalites from the mid-12th century[15]. Until the end-13th century, the work consolidates information found in other primary sources such as the Chronica Polanorum and the work of Martinus Gallus. However, its survey of Silesian history after that time is original. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie provide details on the dates of death and relationships of the Silesian dukes and members of their families from the early 13th to the mid-14th century which are unavailable elsewhere[16]. Later Silesian history, with particular emphasis on the duchy of Sagan, is dealt with in the Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium, divided into five parts which were written variously between the late-15th and early 17th centuries. This work is available in the Scriptores Rerum Silesiacarum series[17].

Chapter 1. DUKES of SILESIA 1138-1159 (PIAST)

WŁADYSŁAW of Poland, son of BOLESŁAW III "Krzywousty/Wrymouth" Prince of Poland & his first wife Zbislava Sviatopolkovna of Kiev (1105-30 May 1159). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) the five sons of Bolesław III "Vladislaum, Boleslaum, Mesiconem, Kazimirum, Henricum", specifying that Władysław succeeded in Silesia[18]. The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record the birth in 1105 of "Vladizlaus secundus"[19]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that the mother of "Boleslaus suo primogenito Wladislao filio" was "ex quadam Ruthena nobili"[20]. He succeeded in 1138 as WŁADYSŁAW II "Wygnaniec/the Exile" Prince of Krakow and Silesia. He was expelled by his brother Bolesław IV: the Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record that in 1146 "Wladizlaus fugit et Cracovia devastatur"[21]. In 1146, Konrad III King of Germany (whose half-sister was Władysław's wife) unsuccessfully tried to reinstate him[22]. After Bolesław IV refused tribute to Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany, the latter invaded Poland in Aug 1157, forced Bolesław and his other brothers to submit, and compelled them to accept arbitration with their brother Władysław[23]. [The Annales Cracovienses Compilati record the death in 1148 "Wladyzlaus"[24]. This person has not been identified. The entry could indicate the exiled Duke Władysław II, the date being mistaken, but his own death is recorded in the same source in 1159.] The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record the death in 1159 of "Wladizlaus dux Polonie"[25] and the Annales Cracovienses Compilati the death in 1159 of "Wladyslaus in exilio"[26]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "4 Non Iun" of "dux Wladizlaus Cracovie, Gnezdne, Syrazye, Kalisie et Slezie, pater fundatoris Bolezlai"[27].

m ([1120/25]) AGNES of Austria, daughter of LEOPOLD III "der Heilige" Markgraf of Austria [Babenberg] & his second wife Agnes of Germany [Staufen] ([1108/1113]-Altenburg/Thür 24/25 Jan [1160/63], bur Kloster Pforte an der Saale). The information concerning the wife of Duke Władysław II is contradictory. The Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis names "Agnes" as second daughter of "Liupoldus marchio Austrie" and "Agnetem imperatoris Heinrici IV filiam", specifying that she married "Poleslaus dux de Polan"[28], although there appears to be no "Bolesław" at the time to whom this could refer. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Agnetam" as "Leopoldis marchio et Henricus…sororem germanam" and wife of "dux Vergescelaus de Polonia"[29]. Her origin is further confirmed by a charter dated Jan 1150 in which Cardinal-deacon Guido informs Konrad III King of Germany of the steps he took against "ducis Poloniæ et coniugis eius sororis vestræ…ducis W"[30]. On the other hand, according to the Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, the wife of Duke Władysław was Christina, daughter of Emperor Heinrich IV (stating in one passage that "Heinricum quintum" was "fratrem uxoris [=Wladislai]" and in a later passage that she was "filia imperatoris Henrici quarti…Cristine domine")[31]. The Chronica principum Polonie also states that "Boleslaus suo primogenito Wladislao filio" married "filiam imperatoris Cristinam"[32]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie provides a third possibility, naming her "Adilheidis uxor eius filia imperatoris Heinrici IV" (the entry follows that recording the death of Duke Władysław, to whom "eius" presumably refers) when recording her death "VIII Kal Sep"[33]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum specifies that "filia imperatoris Henrici quarti…Cristine domine", mother of "Boleslam, Mesicone, Conrado Loripade", was "in Porta sepulta"[34]. It is chronologically implausible for the wife of Duke Władysław to have been the daughter of Emperor Heinrich IV, the births of whose known children are recorded between 1070 and 1086, assuming that the estimated birth dates of the couple's children are in the range [1127] to [1146] as shown below. The explanation is presumably confusion with the mother-in-law of Duke Władysław who was one of the emperor's daughters. Concerning her first name, the records of Kloster Neuburg make no known errors in recording the names of the numerous children of Leopold III Markgraf of Austria, although it is true that (as noted above) the name "Boleslas" is in error for "Wladislas". Onomastics help little in finding a solution, as both "Agnes" and "Adelheid" were names given to her descendants. The further complicating factor is the curious story concerning her grandson Jaroslav and his reported hatred of his stepmother "Adelheid" (see below), while elsewhere the second wife of Jaroslaw's father Bolesław is named Christina. The issue appears to be resolved by two necrology entries: the necrology of Kloster Neuburg records the death "VIII Kal Feb" of "Agnes ducissa Polonie filia marchionis"[35], and the necrology of Lilienfeld records the death "VI Kal Oct" of "Agnes ux Wlaslai ducis Zlezorum filia fundatoris S Crucis"[36].

Władysław II & his wife had four children:

1. BOLESLAW ([1127]-8 Dec 1201, bur Kloster Pforte an der Saale or Leubus). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) the three sons of Władysław II "Boleslam, Mesicone, Conrado Loripade"[37]. He was invested in 1163 as BOLESLAW I Duke of Breslau.

- DUKES of BRESLAU.

2. RYKSA ([1130/40]-16 Jun [1185]). The primary source which confirms her parentage and her three marriages has not so far been identified. The De Rebus Hispaniæ of Rodericus Ximenes names "Berengariam atque Richam" as the wives of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis"[38]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Rikissam" as the only daughter of "dux Vergescelaus de Polonia" & his wife Agnes, specifying that "primo fuit regina Suecie", that by her second husband "regi Russie nomine Musuch" she was mother of "Sophiam reginam Dacie et Rikissam", the latter marrying "imperatoris Castelle Alfunso"[39], which contradicts other sources in many aspects. She was known as RIQUILDA in Spain[40]. m firstly ([Oct/Dec] 1152) as his second wife, ALFONSO VII “el Emperador” King of Castile and Leon, son of RAYMOND de Bourgogne [Comté] & his wife doña Urraca Queen of Castile and León ([Grajal], Galicia 1 Mar 1105-Fresneda 21 Aug 1157, bur Toledo, Cathedral Santa María). m secondly (after 1162) RAYMOND BERENGER II Comte de Provence, son of BERENGER RAYMOND I Comte de Provence & his wife Beatrix Ctss de Melgueil ([1140]-murdered Nice 1166). m thirdly (after 1166) ALBERT [III] Graf von Everstein, son of ALBERT [II] Graf von Everstein & his wife ---. 1162/1197.

3. MIESKO ([1132/46]-16 May 1211). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) the three sons of Władysław II "Boleslam, Mesicone, Conrado Loripade"[41]. He was invested in 1163 as MIESKO I Duke of Ratibor and Teschen.

- DUKES of OPPELN.

4. KONRAD ([1146/57]-17 Jan [1180/90]). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) the three sons of Władysław II "Boleslam, Mesicone, Conrado Loripade"[42]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "16 Kal Feb" of "domicellus Conradus dux Glogowie filius eius [=Wladislai] frater fundatoris"[43], the use of the descriptive "domicellus" suggesting he was a young adult when he died.

Chapter 2. DUKES of AUSCHWITZ [OŚWIĘCIM] 1315-1496 (PIAST)

The city of Oświęcim (Auschwitz in German) is located on the banks of the river Vistula, about 40 kilometres west of Cracow, in the southern part of present-day Poland. In medieval times, it lay in the extreme south-east corner of the duchy of Silesia and formed the eastern part of the duchy of Teschen. When Miesko I Duke of Teschen died in 1315, Auschwitz was separated as a separate duchy for his oldest son Wladislaw. It fell under Bohemian suzerainty after Jan King of Bohemia invaded Silesia in 1327. The duchy passed to a junior branch of the main Teschen family on the death in 1405 of Hanuš III Duke of Auschwitz. Hanuš IV, last duke of Auschwitz, declared himself vassal of Kazimierz IV King of Poland in 1454 and sold the duchy to the Polish king in 1457.

A. DUKES of AUSCHWITZ [OŚWIĘCIM] 1315-1496 (PIAST)

Two brothers:

1. WLADISLAW von Oppeln, son of MIESKO I Duke of Teschen [Piast] & his wife --- ([1275/80]-[Nov 1321/14 May 1324]). He succeeded as WLADISLAW Duke of Auschwitz [Oświęcim]. m ([1304/09]) EUFROZYNA of Mazovia, daughter of BOLESŁAW II Prince of Mazovia [Piast] & his second wife Kunigunde of Bohemia ([1292/94]-26 Dec after 1327). Wladislaw & his wife had two children:

a) HANUŠ von Auschwitz ([1308/10]-1372). He succeeded his father as HANUŠ I Duke of Auschwitz. After Jan King of Bohemia invaded Silesia in early 1327, he imposed Bohemian suzerainty on Duke Hanuš 24 Feb 1327[44]. m firstly ---. m secondly (after 1358) SALOME Reuss von Plauen, daughter of HEINRICH [II] Reuss von Plauen & his wife --- ([1345/50]-after 9 Nov 1400). Hanuš I & his first wife had one child:

i) HANUŠ von Auschwitz (before 1350-19 Feb 1376). He succeeded his father in 1372 as HANUŠ II Duke of Auschwitz. m ([1366]) HEDWIG von Brieg, daughter of LUDWIG I Duke of Brieg [Piast] & his wife Agnes von Glogau und Sagan [Piast] ([1344/51]-[30 Jan 1385/1396]). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Margaretham…Hedwigim…et Katharinam" as the daughters of "dux…Ludwicus", recording that Hedwig was "ducissam Uswicensem"[45]. Hanuš II & his wife had three children:

(a) HANUŠ von Auschwitz ([1366/76]-1405 after 19 Aug). He succeeded his father in 1376 as HANUŠ III Duke of Auschwitz. An indication of the relative status of the Silesian princes is provided by a charter dated Jul 1401 which records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[46]. m (1394) JADWIGA of Lithuania, daughter of ALGIRDAS [Olgierd] Grand Duke of Lithuania & his second wife Iuliana Aleksandrovna of Tver [Rurikid] (-after 13 May 1400).

(b) ANNA ([1366/76]-[6 Sep 1440/12 Apr 1454]). m firstly ([1396]) PŮTA [II] z Častolovice, son of --- (-before 1412). m secondly (before 1412) ALEKSANDER --- dux, son of ---.

b) ANNA (-after 19 Sep 1354). m THOMAS de Széchényi, son of --- (-[29 Mar/23 Apr] 1354).

2. KASIMIR ([1276/80]-1358). He succeeded as KASIMIR I Duke of Teschen.

a) other children: DUKES of TESCHEN.

b) PREMISLAW von Teschen ([1332/36]-23 May 1410). He succeeded as PREMISLAW I "Noszak" Duke of Teschen.

i) PREMISLAW ([1362/70]-murdered 1 Jan 1406). He succeeded his cousin in 1405 as PREMISLAW Duke of Auschwitz. m (before 1400) ---. The name of Premislaw's wife is not known. Premislaw & his wife had one child:

(a) KASIMIR von Auschwitz (1396-7 Apr 1434). He succeeded his father in 1406 as KASIMIR I Duke of Auschwitz.

- see below.

ii) other children: DUKES of TESCHEN.

KASIMIR von Auschwitz, son of PREMISLAW Duke of Auschwitz & his wife --- (1396-7 Apr 1434). He succeeded as KASIMIR I Duke of Auschwitz.

m firstly ([1414/17]) ANNA von Glogau, daughter of HEINRICH VI Duke of Glogau and Sagan [Piast] & his wife Katharina von Oppeln [Piast] (-[1426/33]).

m secondly ([1426/30 Jul 1435]) as her first husband, MARGARETA von Ratibor, daughter of JOHANN II Herzog von Troppau, Ratibor und Jägerndorf & his wife Helena of Lithuania ([1410]-5 Jul 1459). She married secondly ([1435/37]) Siemowit V Prince of Gostyn [Piast].

Kasimir I & his first wife had three children:

1. WENZEL ([1415/18]-[1465]). He succeeded as WENZEL I Duke of Zator. “Janussius...dux et dnus Osswiaczymensis” sold “ducatum...Osswiaczymensem” to Kazimierz IV King of Poland, with the consent of “principes dni Wenceslaus Zatoriensis, Przemislaus Thostensis germani nri”, by charter dated Sep 1457[47].

- DUKES of ZATOR.

2. PREMISLAW [Primko] ([1425]-Dec 1484). Duke of Tost. “Janussius...dux et dnus Osswiaczymensis” sold “ducatum...Osswiaczymensem” to Kazimierz IV King of Poland, with the consent of “principes dni Wenceslaus Zatoriensis, Przemislaus Thostensis germani nri”, by charter dated Sep 1457[48]. m (1463 before 23 Feb) MACHNA von Oppeln, daughter of NIKOLAUS I Duke of Oppeln [Piast] & his wife Magdalena von Brieg [Piast] ([1442/50]-[1468/26 Apr 1472]).

a) MARGARETA ([1467/68]-8 Nov 1531). Abbess of St Clara in Breslau 1508.

3. HANUŠ ([1426/30]-[28 Oct 1495/21 Feb 1497]). He succeeded as HANUŠ IV Duke of Auschwitz. “Janussius...dux et dnus Osswiaczymensis” sold “ducatum...Osswiaczymensem” to Kazimierz IV King of Poland, with the consent of “principes dni Wenceslaus Zatoriensis, Przemislaus Thostensis germani nri”, by charter dated Sep 1457[49]. Jan I Olbracht King of Poland confirmed with “dux Janussius...ducatus Zatoriensis modernus dnus heres et possessor...cum...ducissa dna Barbara consorte sua” the purchase “retroactis annis” of “terra seu ducatus...Zatorien” by charter dated [31 Jul] 1494[50]. m firstly (before 30 Dec 1465) KATHARINA, daughter of ---. m secondly (1475) BARBARA von Jägerndorf, daughter of NIKOLAUS VI Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf [Přemyslid] & his first wife Margareta Clemm von Elguth (1445-1510). She succeeded in 1491 as BARBARA Duchess of Jägerndorf. Jan I Olbracht King of Poland confirmed with “dux Janussius...ducatus Zatoriensis modernus dnus heres et possessor...cum...ducissa dna Barbara consorte sua” the purchase “retroactis annis” of “terra seu ducatus...Zatorien” by charter dated [31 Jul] 1494[51]. Hanuš IV & his second wife had one child:

a) HELENA ([1478/80]-after 1524). m ([1492]) GEORG Freiherr von Schellenberg und Tost, son of --- (-4 Mar 1526). He succeeded in 1502 as Duke of Jägerndorf.

B. DUKES of ZATOR 1434-1515 (PIAST)

WENZEL von Auschwitz, son of KASIMIR Duke of Auschwitz & his first wife Anna von Glogau ([1415/18]-[1465]). WENZEL I Duke of Zator. “Janussius...dux et dnus Osswiaczymensis” sold “ducatum...Osswiaczymensem” to Kazimierz IV King of Poland, with the consent of “principes dni Wenceslaus Zatoriensis, Przemislaus Thostensis germani nri”, by charter dated Sep 1457[52].

m MARIA Kopczowska, daughter of URBAN Kopczowski & his wife --- (-after 1468).

Wenzel I & his wife had seven children:

1. KASIMIR von Zator (before 1450-[8 Jan/7 Jul] 1490). KASIMIR Duke of Zator. m (after 12 Aug 1482) MACHNA von Troppau, daughter of NIKOLAUS VI Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf [Přemyslid] & his first wife Margareta Clemm von Elguth ([1450]-[4 Jan/28 Jul] 1508).

a) BOLKO (after 24 Jul 1489-before 21 Sep 1494).

2. WENZEL von Zator (-[14 Sep 1484/5 Oct 1487]).

3. HANUŠ von Zator (-17 Sep 1513). HANUŠ V Duke of Zator. m ([29 May 1475/18 May 1477]) as her second husband, BARBARA von Teschen, widow of BALTHASAR Duke of Sagan [Piast], daughter of BOLESLAW Duke of Teschen [Piast] & his wife Anna Ivanovna of Bielsk ([1449/53]-[21 Sep 1494/12 May 1507]). Hanuš V had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

a) HANUŠ (-before 14 Aug 1521).

4. WLADISLAW von Zator (-[28 May/21 Sep] 1494). m (before 1488) ANNA, daughter of --- (-after 28 May 1494). Wladislaw & his wife had one child:

a) AGNES (before 1490-1505). m (before 1504) JAN Kobierzycki, son of --- (-before 1504).

5. SOPHIE (-before 1466).

6. KATHARINA (-before 1466).

7. AGNES (-after 21 Oct 1465).

Chapter 3. DUKES of BEUTHEN [BYTOM] and KOSEL [KOŻLE] 1281-1354 (PIAST)

The duchies of Beuthen and Kosel were established as the inheritance of Kasimir, second son of Wladislaw Duke of Oppeln who died in [1281/82]. Kożle [Kosel], today part of the town of Kędzierzyn-Kożle, lies at the confluence of the Kłłodnica and Oder rivers in southern Poland, while Bytom [Beuthen], about 40 kilometres due west of Kożle, is on the upper reaches of the river Oder. In medieval times the towns were adjacent to the duchy of Glogau and east of the duchy of Sagan, in the north-western part of Silesia. Kasimir Duke of Beuthen and Kosel swore allegiance to the king of Bohemia in Jan 1289. The autonomy of the area as a Silesian duchy was shortlived as Kasimir’s grandson, Bolko II, died in [1354/55] without leaving male heirs when his lands were divided between Premislav Duke of Teschen (who later married Bolko’s oldest daughter) and Konrad Duke of Oels (husband of Bolko’s older half-sister)[53].

KASIMIR von Oppeln, son of WLADISLAW Duke of Oppeln & his wife Euphemia of Poland [Piast] ([1253/57]-10 Mar 1312). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Mesiconem Ratheborgensem, Casimirum Butomiensem, Boleslaum Opoliensem et Primislaum Oswetinensem duces" as the four sons of "Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" & his wife[54]. “Wladislaus filius Kazimiri...dux de Oppol...cum...coniuge nra Zusanna et filiis nris...Miskone Kazimiro et Boleslao” donated property to Ruda by charter dated 21 Oct 1258[55]. He succeeded as KASIMIR Duke of Beuthen and Kosel. “Kazimirus...dux Opoliensis et dnus in Bythom” swore allegiance to Wenzel II King of Bohemia, with the consent of “filiorum meorum Boleslas et Wladislai”, recalling “pater meus recordationis felicis quondam Wladislaus dux Opoliensis”, by charter dated 10 Jan 1289, witnessed by “...Bolkonis ducis Zlesie et domini de Lewenberg aque Nicolai ducis Oppaviensis...”[56].

m ([1275/77]) HELENA, daughter of ---.

Kasimir & his wife had five children:

1. BOLKO ([1276/78]-17 Jan 1319). “Kazimirus...dux Opoliensis et dnus in Bythom” swore allegiance to Wenzel II King of Bohemia, with the consent of “filiorum meorum Boleslas et Wladislai”, by charter dated 10 Jan 1289[57]. Duke of Tost. Canon at Krakow 1294. Archbishop of Gran [Esztergom] 1321.

2. WLADISLAW von Beuthen ([1277/83]-[16 Sep 1351/8 Sep 1352]). “Kazimirus...dux Opoliensis et dnus in Bythom” swore allegiance to Wenzel II King of Bohemia, with the consent of “filiorum meorum Boleslas et Wladislai”, by charter dated 10 Jan 1289[58]. He succeeded his father in 1312 as WLADISLAW Duke of Beuthen and Kosel. After Jan King of Bohemia invaded Silesia in early 1327, he imposed Bohemian suzerainty on Duke Wladislaw[59]: “Wladislaus dux Coslensis” swore allegiance to King Jan by charter dated 19 Feb 1327[60]. “Lestko...dux Rathiborgensis” pledged “civitatem Cozlam” to “Wladislai...ducis Buthumiensis ac puerorum eius...fratri nostro” [really his first cousin] for 15 years in return for a loan, naming “sorori nostre...domine Offke, claustrali Rathboriensi”, by charter dated 15 Feb 1334[61]. “Kazisimir...dux Tesnicensis” sold “castrum...Sevor” to “Wladislao fratri nostro duci Bythumensi et Kotzlensi filioque eius Kazimiro primogenito...et aliis pueris eius”, by charter dated 11 Apr 1337, witnessed by “patruis nostris Bolkonis Falckenbergensi, Bolkone Opoliensi, Alberto Streliczensi, ducibus...”[62]. The description of Wladislaw as Kasimir’s brother has not been explained: they appear to have been first cousins. In 1345 Duke Wladislaw repulsed an attack by Bohemian troops and 15 Feb 1346 agreed a treaty with Kazimierz III King of Poland under which the latter agreed to provide military help against Bohemia[63]. m firstly ([20 Sep 1308/16 Jul 1311]) as her second husband, BEATRIX von Brandenburg, widow of BOLKO I Duke of Jauer and Schweidnitz [Piast], daughter of OTTO V Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Judith von Henneberg (1270-[10 Apr 1312/26 Apr 1316]). Pulcawa's Bohemian Chronicle names "Beatricem…Mechthildim… Gitam…Gunegundim" as the four daughters of "Otto longus filius Ottonis tercii" & his wife, specifying that Beatrix married "Bolko dux Polonie"[64]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly (before 6 Apr 1328, Papal dispensation Avignon 6 Apr 1328) LUKARDIS von Mecklenburg, daughter of HEINRICH [II] "dem Löwen" Herr von Mecklenburg & his second wife Anna von Sachsen-Wittenberg ([1316]-[3 Jun 1362/26 Jan 1369]). “Domina Beatrix...domini Wladislai clare memorie ducis Cozlensis filia” sold “partem civitatis Buthumiensis” to “Conrado duci Silesie et in Olsnicz fratri suo”, except for “dotalicio...Lukardis domine nostre...ducisse Buthumensi”, by charter dated end Jun 1358[65]. Emperor Karl IV King of Bohemia confirmed the agreement between “Conradum Olesnicensis” and “Przemislaus Teschnensis...duces, principes nostri” which allotted property to “filiarum quondam Bolkonis junioris ducis Bythumiensis et Kozlensis”, reserving the dower of “Lukardi ducisse Bythumiensi”, with the consent of “Wenczeslaus et Ludwicus duces Lignicenses consanguinei et principes nostri”, by charter dated 20 Jun 1359[66]. Wladislaw & his first wife had two children:

a) KASIMIR von Beuthen ([1312]-[1342/2 Mar 1347]). “Kazisimir...dux Tesnicensis” sold “castrum...Sevor” to “Wladislao fratri nostro duci Bythumensi et Kotzlensi filioque eius Kazimiro primogenito...et aliis pueris eius”, by charter dated 11 Apr 1337, witnessed by “patruis nostris Bolkonis Falckenbergensi, Bolkone Opoliensi, Alberto Streliczensi, ducibus...”[67]. Duke of Kosel.

b) EUPHEMIA ([1312]-3 Jan [1376/78]). Pope Benedict XII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Conradi ducis Glogoviensis” and “Euffemie nate...Wladislai ducis Cozlensis”, despite their 4^o consanguinity, dated 28 Apr 1338[68]. The town of Tost swore allegiance to “Domine Eufemie ducisse Olsniczensi nec non Beatrici sorori eius earumque posteritati...principi Conrado duci Sileczie et dominio Olsniczensi” by charter dated 16 Feb 1356[69]. m ([22 Feb 1328/2 Mar 1333], Papal dispensation 28 Apr 1338) as his second wife, KONRAD I Duke of Oels, son of HEINRICH I Duke of Glogau & his wife Mechtild von Braunschweig-Lüneburg ([1290/94]-22/27 Dec 1366).

Wladislaw & his [first] wife had two children (the 21 Sep 1355 charter quoted below suggests that these two daughters were full sisters of the wife of Konrad I Duke of Oels, named above):

c) AGNES (-7 Apr 1362). Abbess of Trebnitz. “Agnes,,,abbatissa...monasterii Trebniczensis...et Katharina soror germana ipsius sanctimonialis...eiusdem monasterii...filie...dive memorie domini Wladiczlai olim ducis et domini Kozlensis” transferred their rights in “Cozla...Buthum, Pysinkreczin...Tost...Gliwicz et...Slawenticz ex successione paterna et materna nobis” to “Conradum ducem Silezie et dominum Olsniczensem sororium nostrum” by charter dated 21 Sep 1355[70].

d) KATHARINA (-after 29 May 1377). Nun at Trebnitz. “Agnes,,,abbatissa...monasterii Trebniczensis...et Katharina soror germana ipsius sanctimonialis...eiusdem monasterii...filie...dive memorie domini Wladiczlai olim ducis et domini Kozlensis” transferred their rights in “Cozla...Buthum, Pysinkreczin...Tost...Gliwicz et...Slawenticz ex successione paterna et materna nobis” to “Conradum ducem Silezie et dominum Olsniczensem sororium nostrum” by charter dated 21 Sep 1355[71]. Abbess of Trebnitz 1362/1372.

Wladislaw & his second wife had [three] children:

e) BOLKO von Beuthen ([1330]-[1354/55]). He succeeded his father as BOLKO II Duke of Beuthen and Kosel. “Przemke...Herzog zu Tessin” agreed to partition the territories of “das Lan czu der Kosil, zu Bythom, zu Pisenkreczin, czu dem Toste, czu Gliwicz...das...Herzog Polko...gelassen hat” (referring to his three unnamed heirs) with “unserm Bruder...Herzog Conrad von der Oelsen” by charter dated 1357[72]. m (contract 2 Mar 1347) MARGARETA von Sternberg, daughter of JAROSLAW von Sternberg & his wife --- (-after 5 Jun 1365). The marriage contract between “Jaroslaus de Sternberk...filie nostre Margarethe” and “Wladislao duce Buthumicens et Cozlensi...filium suum...dominum Bolconem”, naming “Albertus de Sternberg” as fiduciary for “fratre nostro domino Jaroslao supradicto”, is dated 2 Mar 1347[73]. Bolko II & his wife had three children (Emperor Karl IV King of Bohemia confirmed the agreement between “Conradum Olesnicensis” and “Przemislaus Teschnensis...duces, principes nostri” which allotted property to “filiarum quondam Bolkonis junioris ducis Bythumiensis et Kozlensis”, reserving the dower of “Lukardi ducisse Bythumiensi”, with the consent of “Wenczeslaus et Ludwicus duces Lignicenses consanguinei et principes nostri”, by charter dated 20 Jun 1359[74].):

i) ELISABETH ([1347/50]-after 1373). m ([1360/63]) PREMISLAW I "Noszek" Duke of Teschen, son of KASIMIR I Duke of Teschen [Piast] & his wife Euphemia of Mazovia [Piast] ([1332/36]-23 May 1410).

ii) EUPHEMIA [Offka] ([1350/52]-26 Aug 1411). Emperor Karl IV confirmed that “Eufemie...Herczogen Bolken Tochter von der Kosil” sold her “Erbeteil...zu Glywicz” and all her rights to Beuthen and Cosel to “Conraden Herczogen in Schlesien und Herrn zu der Olfen und czu der Kozil”, with the consent of “ires Mannes...Bolcken Herczogen in Slezien und Herrn zu Munsterberg Unsers...Schwagers und Fürsten”, without prejudice to the rights of “Herczog Przemislaw von Thesschin...Herzog Conrad von der Olfen...Herczog Heinrichen von Falckenburg”, by charter dated end Dec 1370[75]. An indication of the relative status of the Silesian princes is provided by a charter dated Jul 1401 which records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[76]. m firstly (1364) WENZEL Duke of Falkenberg, son of BOLESLAW Duke of Falkenberg [Piast] & his wife Euphemia von Breslau [Piast] (-Jun 1369). m secondly (1369) BOLKO III Duke of Münsterberg, son of NIKOLAUS Duke of Münsterberg [Piast] & his wife Agnes von Leuchtenberg ([1344/48]-13 Jun 1410).

iii) BOLKA ([1351/55]-[27 Sep 1427/15 Oct 1428]). Abbess of Trebnitz 1405. “Bolcka...ducissa Koslensis ac abbatissa monasterii in Trebnitz” confirmed a sale of land to her monastery made by “Petrus dictus Frenzelini de Probisthayn...” by charter dated 5 Dec 1408[77].

f) BEATRIX ([1330/35]-20 Feb 1364). The town of Tost swore allegiance to “Domine Eufemie ducisse Olsniczensi nec non Beatrici sorori eius earumque posteritati...principi Conrado duci Sileczie et dominio Olsniczensi” by charter dated 16 Feb 1356[78]. “Domina Beatrix...domini Wladislai clare memorie ducis Cozlensis filia” sold “partem civitatis Buthumiensis” to “Conrado duci Silesie et in Olsnicz fratri suo”, except for “dotalicio...Lukardis domine nostre...ducisse Buthumensi”, by charter dated end Jun 1358[79]. Her marriage is confirmed by the following document: “Graff Bertholt Burggraff ze Maidburg und Graff ze Hardecke” regulated matters concerning the dowry received from “unser...Schwager Herczog Conrad Seel. von der Oelsse” for his marriage with “Frown Beatica” by charter dated 1374[80]. m (15 May 1357) BERTHOLD Burggraf von Magdeburg Graf von Hardegg, son of --- (-6 Apr 1374).

g) [ELENCZA (-after 9 Jun 1339). Nun at Ratibor.]

3. [ZIEMOWIT von Beuthen ([1292]-after [1 Jul] 1342). Shown in secondary sources as the son of Kasimir Duke of Beuthen and Kosel, the primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Duke of Gleiwitz. “Principes dmni Boleslaus Regensis, Bolko Falckenbergensis, et Bolko Oppoliensis, Wladislaus Koczlensis, Casimirus Teschinensis, Nicolaus Oppaviensis et Ratiboriensis, Semovitus Glivicensis duces” acknowledged allegiance to Jan King of Bohemia by charter dated “in octava B. Johannis Baptiste” 1342[81].]

4. [MIESZKO ([1300]-1344 before 9 Aug). Shown in secondary sources as the son of Kasimir Duke of Beuthen and Kosel, the primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Knight of the Teutonic Order 1318. Bishop of Neutra 1318. Bishop of Veszprom [Stuhlweissenburg] 1328.]

5. MARIA von Beuthen ([before 1295]-Temesvár [now Timişoara, Romania] 15 Dec 1317, bur Székesfehérvár, church of Notre Dame). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. The Chronica Ungarorum records that "Maria prima uxor Karoli" died in 1315 "in Temeswar" and was buried "in Alba"[82]. m (1306) as his first wife, KÁROLY I King of Hungary, son of CHARLES MARTEL of Sicily, Principe di Salerno [KÁROLY titular King of Hungary] & his wife Klementia von Habsburg (1288-Visegrad 16 Jul or 15 Aug 1342, bur Székesfehérvár).

Chapter 4. DUKES of BRESLAU [WROCŁAW], DUKES of LOWER SILESIA 1163-1278 (PIAST)

The city of Wrocław [Breslau] straddles the river Oder in southern Poland. In medieval times, it lay at the heart of the duchy of Silesia, south-west of Oels, north-east of Schweidnitz, north-west of Brieg, and south-east of Liegnitz and Wohlau. After the death in 1159 of Władysław II of Poland, who had sought refuge in Silesia after his expulsion by his younger half-brother Bolesław IV, his older son Boleslaw I was confirmed as duke of Breslau after Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" obliged his Polish uncle to recognise his rights to Silesia. Boleslaw I’s duchy covered central and north-western Silesia (Lower Silesia), while his younger brother Miesko later ruled south-eastern Silesia centred on Ratibor and Teschen (also known as Upper Silesia). The fragmentation of Lower Silesia followed the death of Duke Heinrich II (Boleslaw I’s grandson) in 1241 when his territories were split between his sons Heinrich (who took Breslau), Konrad (Glogau), and his oldest son Boleslaw II who retained the remaining part of Lower Silesia. Boleslaw II’s inheritance was further split between his sons Heinrich V (who took Liegnitz) and Bolko I (Jauer and Schweidnitz).

BOLESLAW of Silesia, son of WŁADYSŁAW II "Wygnaniec/the Exile" Prince of Krakow and Silesia & his wife Agnes of Austria ([1127]-8 Dec 1201, bur Kloster Pforte an der Saale or Leubus). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) the three sons of Władysław II "Boleslam, Mesicone, Conrado Loripade"[83]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Bolislaum patrem ducis Vrescelavie Henrici" as son of "dux Vergescelaus de Polonia" & his wife Agnes[84]. The Annales Cracovienses Compilati name "Boleslaus filius Wladyzlay cum fratre suo Meskone" when recording that he took control of Silesia in 1163[85]. He was invested as BOLESLAW "der Lange" Duke of Silesia in 1163 after the intervention of Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" who obliged their uncle Duke Bolesław IV to recognise his and his brother's rights. Boleslaw took Breslau, Liegnitz and Oppeln and, on behalf of his youngest minor brother Konrad who was becoming a monk at Fulda, Glogau, Sagan and Krossen[86]. Petry suggests that the formal division of territories between Boleslaw and his younger brother only took place after the death of their paternai uncle Boleslaw IV Duke of Poland in 1173[87]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "1201 VII Id Dec" of "Bolezlaus dux Altus dictus, fundator Lubensis"[88]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum specifies that he was buried "in Porta supra Salam"[89]. The Chronica principum Polonie states that Boleslaw was buried "in Lubens"[90].

m firstly (1142) SVENISLAVA Vsevolodovna of Kiev, daughter of VSEVOLOD II Olegovich Grand Prince of Kiev & his wife Maria Mstislavna of Kiev (-[1155/63]). The Chronica principum Polonie names "quadam Ruthena…Wentezlava" as the first wife of "Boleslaus"[91]. Baumgarten names the first wife of Duke Boleslaw and gives her origin but only cites one secondary source in support[92].

m secondly CHRISTINA, daughter of --- (-21 Feb [1204/08], bur Kloster Pforte an der Saale). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Adilheidis…soror imperatricis, uxoris imperatoris Conradi II" as stepmother of "Ieroslaus filius Boleslai, fundatoris Lubensis cœenobii", specifying that the latter "cum patruo suo Mesicone" expelled his father[93]. The Chronica principum Polonie also names "Adilheidam, sororem imperatricis, coniugis…Conradi secundi imperatoris" as the second wife of "Boleslaus"[94]. It is assumed that "Conradi secundi imperatoris" refers to Konrad III King of Germany, who was never crowned emperor but if he had been would have been Emperor Konrad II. King Konrad's first marriage is estimated to [1115], so his first wife can be excluded as any of her sisters would have been too old to have been the wife of Boleslaw. King Konrad's second wife was Gertrud von Sulzbach, daughter of Berengar [I] Graf von Sulzbach. However, Graf Berengar's death is estimated to [1125], which also makes it unlikely that he could have been the father of the second wife of Boleslaw. No record has been found of Graf Berengar's second wife (who was the mother of Gertrud) having married again after her husband died, so it is unlikely that there were any uterine siblings of Gertrud. No suitable explanation has been found for this alleged origin of Boleslaw's second wife and these passages should be treated with caution. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum specifies that "Adelheydis" died after her husband and was buried with him "in Porta supra Salam"[95]. The name of the second wife of Boleslaw is confirmed by the Epytaphia ducum Slezie which record the death "IX Kal Mar" of "Christina uxor eiusdem funddatoris [=Bolezlaus dux Altus dictus] secunda"[96].

Boleslaw & his first wife had two children:

1. JAROSLAW (after 1142-22 Mar 1201). The Chronica principum Polonie names "duos filios Jaroslaum, Boleslaum et filiam Algam" as the children of Boleslaw and his first wife "quadam Ruthena…Wentezlava"[97]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Ieroslaus filius Boleslai, fundatoris Lubensis cœenobii" specifying that the latter "cum patruo suo Mesicone" expelled his father through hatred for his stepmother "Adilheidis…soror imperatricis, uxoris imperatoris Conradi II", but when his father returned with military support Jarolslaw was installed as Bishop of Neisse and received the duchy of Oppeln for life[98]. The passage in question should probably be treated with some caution as (Emperor) Konrad II died in 1152, when Boleslaw's son Jaroslaw would have been under ten years old and so unlikely to have engineered his father's expulsion. It is possible that the expulsion in question was that of Jaroslaw's grandfather, Duke Władysław II, which may conceivably had some relation with his own stepmother, although she was not named Adelheid nor was she apparently related to Emperor Konrad's wife. Bishop of Breslau 1198. The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record the death in 1201 of "Bolezlaus dux Zlesie et Iarozlaus filius suus episcopus Wratizlavensis"[99].

2. OLGA ([1155/60]-27 Jun [1175/1180], bur Kloster Pforte an der Saale). The Chronica principum Polonie names "duos filios Jaroslaum, Boleslaum et filiam Algam" as the children of Boleslaw and his first wife "quadam Ruthena…Wentezlava"[100]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Ieroslaum filium et Algam filia" as the children of "Boleslaus Altus, primogenitus Vlodislai monarchi" & his first wife, specifying in a later passage that she was buried "in Porta supra Salam"[101]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "V Kal Iul" of "Obliga prima filia fundatoris [=Bolezlai]"[102].

Boleslaw & his [first/second] wife had two children:

3. BERTA (-7 May after 1162). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified.

4. BOLESLAW ([1157/63]-18 Jul [1175/1181], bur Kloster Pforte an der Saale). The Chronica principum Polonie names "duos filios Jaroslaum, Boleslaum et filiam Algam" as the children of Boleslaw and his first wife "quadam Ruthena…Wentezlava"[103]. On the other hand, the Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Boleslaum et Henricum dictum cum barba" as the sons of "Boleslaus Altus, primogenitus Vlodislai monarchi" & his second wife "Adilheidem, sororem imperatricis coniugis Conradi secundi imperatoris"[104]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "XV Kal Aug" of "Bolezlaus filius secundus Bolezlai fundatoris"[105]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum specifies that "filiis [=Boleslai] Boleslao et Conrado et filia Alga" were buried "in Porta supra Salam"[106].

Boleslaw & his second wife had five children:

5. KONRAD ([1158/68]-5 Jul [1175/1190], bur Kloster Pforte an der Saale). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Henricum dictum cum barba et Conradum et filiam Adilheudim" as the children of Boleslaw and his second wife, adding that Adelheid married "marchio Moravie Dypoldus"[107]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "III Non Iul" of "Conradus tercius filius eiusdem fundatoris [=Bolezlai]"[108]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum specifies that "filiis [=Boleslai] Boleslao et Conrado et filia Alga" were buried "in Porta supra Salam"[109].

6. JOHANN ([1161/69]-10 Mar before 1174, bur Kloster Pforte an der Saale). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Johannem infantem in Porta sepultum" as one of the children of Boleslaw[110]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "VI Id Mar" of "quartus filius Iohannes infans eiusdem fundatoris [=Bolezlai]", specifying that he was buried "in Porta"[111]. It is assumed that Johann was born from his father's second marriage but the reference which confirms this has not yet been identified.

7. HEINRICH ([1165/70]-Krosno 19 Mar 1238). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Boleslaum et Henricum dictum cum barba" as the sons of "Boleslaus Altus, primogenitus Vlodislai monarchi" & his second wife "Adilheidem, sororem imperatricis coniugis Conradi secundi imperatoris"[112]. He succeeded his father in 1201 as HEINRICH I “der Bärtige/Brodaly” Duke of Lower Silesia in Breslau.

- see below.

8. ADELHEID [Zwyslawa] (after 1165-Trebnitz 29 Mar after 1213, bur Trebnitz). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Henricum dictum cum barba et Conradum et filiam Adilheudim" as the children of Boleslaw and his second wife, adding that Adelheid married "marchio Moravie Dypoldus"[113]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to "sororis sue [=Henricus dictus cum barba] Moravie marchionisse, relicte Dypoldi…Adilheidis", specifying that she died and was buried in Trebnitz[114]. m ([1177/82]) DYPOLD II Duke of Moravia, son of DYPOLD I Duke of Moravia [Přemyslid] & his wife --- of Brandenburg [Ballenstedt] (-21 Nov 1190).

9. WLADISLAW ([after 1180]-4 Jun before 1199). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

HEINRICH of Silesia, son of BOLESLAW Duke of Breslau [Piast] & his second wife Christina --- ([1165/70]-Krosno 19 Mar 1238). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Boleslaum et Henricum dictum cum barba" as the sons of "Boleslaus Altus, primogenitus Vlodislai monarchi" & his second wife "Adilheidem, sororem imperatricis coniugis Conradi secundi imperatoris"[115]. The Chronica principum Polonie names "Henricum dictum cum barba et Conradum et filiam Adilheudim" as the children of Boleslaw and his second wife, adding that Adelheid married "marchio Moravie Dypoldus"[116]. He succeeded his father in 1201 as HEINRICH I “der Bärtige/Brodaly” Duke of Lower Silesia in Breslau. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Bolislaum patrem ducis Vrescelavie Henrici"[117]. The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record that in 1225 "Henricus dux Zlesie stetit in Cracovia octo diebus cum suo exercitu et recessit"[118]. The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record that in 1229 "Henricus dux Zlesie captus est a duce Cunrado"[119]. After the death in 1231 of his cousin Władysław III "Laskonogi/Thinboned", Heinrich attempted to establish control over Greater Poland and Krakow, challenged by the other Polish princes among whom the deceased’s nephew Władysław[120]. The Annales Wratislavienses record the death "1238 XIV Kal Apr" of "dux…Heinricus dictus cum barba", and his burial "in monasterio Trebnicensi"[121]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie adds that he was fifth son of "Bolezlei Alti fundatoris Lubensis" when recording his death[122].

m (1188/92]) HEDWIG von Andechs-Merano, daughter of BERTHOLD III Duke of Merano, Marchese of Istria, Graf von Andechs & his wife Agnes von Wettin ([1176/80]-9 Oct 1243, bur Trebnitz). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Hedwigem…filiam ducis Meranie Bertoldi, sororem domine Gerdrudis regine Ungarie et domine Engeldrudis regine Francie" as wife of "Henricus dictus cum barba"[123]. The Annales Wratislavienses name "sancte Hedwigis" as wife of "dux…Heinricus dictus cum barba"[124]. She founded an abbey of Cistercian nuns at Trzebnica [Trebnitz] near Wrocław [Breslau], where she cultivated the cult of her niece St Elisabeth of Hungary. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "1243 VII Id Oct" of "mater iam dicti Henrici beata Hedwigis" and her canonisation "1266 VIII Kal Dec"[125]. The Chronica principum Polonie adds that "beatissima Hedwigis" was buried "in monasterio Trebenicensi"[126].

Heinrich & his wife had seven children:

1. BOLESLAW ([1190/94]-10 Sep [1206/1208], bur Leubus). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Agnem et Sophiam Boleslaumque…et Henricum et Conradum et Gerdrudem" as children of "Henricus dictus cum barba" & his wife, specifying that Boleslaw was buried at Lüben and adding in a later passage that "primogenitus Boleslaus" predeceased his father[127]. The Chronica principum Polonie names "tres filios et tres filias…Boleslaum, Agnetem et Sophiam, sepultos in Lubens, necnon Henricum, Conradum et Girdrudim" as children of Heinrich and his wife[128]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "IV Id Sep" of "domicellus Bolezlaus primogenitus eorum [=ducis Henrici cum barba et sancte Hedwigis]"[129].

2. AGNES ([1190/1200]-9 Apr before 1214, bur Leubus). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Agnem et Sophiam Boleslaumque…et Henricum et Conradum et Gerdrudem" as children of "Henricus dictus cum barba" & his wife, specifying that Agnes was buried at Leubus[130]. The Chronica principum Polonie names "tres filios et tres filias…Boleslaum, Agnetem et Sophiam, sepultos in Lubens, necnon Henricum, Conradum et Girdrudim" as children of Heinrich and his wife[131]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "V Id Apr" of "domicella Agnes secunda filia eorum [=ducis Henrici cum barba et sancte Hedwigis]"[132].

3. SOPHIA ([1190/1200]-23 Mar before 1214, bur Leubus). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Agnem et Sophiam Boleslaumque…et Henricum et Conradum et Gerdrudem" as children of "Henricus dictus cum barba" & his wife, specifying that Sophia was buried at Leubus[133]. The Chronica principum Polonie names "tres filios et tres filias…Boleslaum, Agnetem et Sophiam, sepultos in Lubens, necnon Henricum, Conradum et Girdrudim" as children of Heinrich and his wife[134]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "X Kal Apr" of "domicella Sophia, ducis Henrici cum barba et sancte Hedwigis filia"[135].

4. HEINRICH ([1196]-killed in battle near Liegnitz 9 Apr 1241). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Agnem et Sophiam Boleslaumque…et Henricum et Conradum et Gerdrudem" as children of "Henricus dictus cum barba" & his wife[136]. He succeeded his father in 1238 as HEINRICH II Duke of Lower Silesia, Krakow and Greater Poland.

- see below.

5. KONRAD ([1197/98]-4 Sep 1213). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Agnem et Sophiam Boleslaumque…et Henricum et Conradum et Gerdrudem" as children of "Henricus dictus cum barba" & his wife, specifying that Konrad "iuniori filio" was betrothed to "filiam ducis Saxonie" and disputed with his brother Heinrich[137]. The Chronica principum Polonie names "tres filios et tres filias…Boleslaum, Agnetem et Sophiam, sepultos in Lubens, necnon Henricum, Conradum et Girdrudim" as children of Heinrich and his wife[138]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "II Non Sep" of "Cunradus tercius filius eorum [=ducis Henrici cum barba et sancte Hedwigis]"[139].

6. GERTRUD ([1200]-30 Dec [1268]). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Agnem et Sophiam Boleslaumque…et Henricum et Conradum et Gerdrudem" as children of "Henricus dictus cum barba" & his wife[140]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Agnem et Sophiam Boleslaumque…et Henricum et Conradum et Gerdrudem" as children of "Henricus dictus cum barba" & his wife, specifying that Gertrud was Abbess of Trebnitz[141]. The Chronica principum Polonie names "tres filios et tres filias…Boleslaum, Agnetem et Sophiam, sepultos in Lubens, necnon Henricum, Conradum et Girdrudim" as children of Heinrich and his wife, adding that Gertrud was betrothed to "palatino Reni, qui regem Almanie Philippum occidit" and later became "abbatissam Trebnicensem"[142]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "VIII Id Dec" of "domina Gerdrudis tercia filia eorum [=ducis Heinrici cum barba et sancte Hedwigis], abbatissa in Trebnitz"[143]. Betrothed (after [1207]) to OTTO [VII] Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach, son of OTTO [VI] Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach & his wife Benedikta von [Donau-]Wörth (-executed 5 Mar 1209, bur Indersdorf).

7. son ([Nov/Dec] 1208-[1214/17]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

HEINRICH of Lower Silesia, son of HEINRICH I Duke of Lower Silesia, Krakow and Greater Poland & his wife Hedwig von Andechs-Merano ([1196]-killed in battle near Liegnitz 9 Apr 1241, bur Breslau Franciscan Church). The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record that "Henricus suus [=Heinrici ducis Zlesie] filius" succeeded his father in 1238[144]. He succeeded his father in 1238 as HEINRICH II Duke of Lower Silesia, Krakow and Greater Poland. The Annales Wratislavienses record that "dux Heinricus II" was killed by the Tartars who devastated the whole of Silesia and Poland[145]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum record his burial "1241 V Id Apr" at "fratres minores Wratislavie"[146]. The Annales Grussavienses record that “tartari” killed “ducem Henricum secundum” in 1241[147]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie add that he was killed against the Tartars "Wolstat prope Legnitcz" and buried "in Wratislavia in claustro fratrem Minoruum aput Sanctum Iacobum"[148].

m ([1214/18]) ANNA of Bohemia, daughter of PŘEMYSL OTAKAR I King of Bohemia & his second wife Konstancia of Hungary ([1201/04]-23 Jun 1265, bur St Clara, Trebnitz). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Anna sorore regis Boemie monoculi" as wife of Duke Heinrich II[149]. The Notæ Sanctæ Claræ name "Anna ducissa, filia regis Bohemis, coniunx ducis Henrici", specify that she found the monastery of St Clara, died in 1265 and was buried in the monastery[150].

Heinrich II & his wife had ten children:

1. GERTRUD ([1218/20]-[23/30] Apr [1244/47]). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Boleslao et Casimiro" as sons of Konrad, specifying that they married two sisters descended from St Hedwig (wife of Heinrich I Duke of Silesia), a later passage clarifying that they were daughters of Heinrich[151]. The Chronica principum Polonie record that "Conradi filiis…Boleslao et Kazimiro" married "Heynricus…duas neptes" but that the former died childless[152]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m ([1232]) as his first wife, BOLESŁAW I Prince of Sandomir, son of KONRAD I Prince of Mazovia & his wife Agafia Sviatoslavna of Novgorod-Sieviersk ([1208]-1248 after 25 Feb). Prince of Mazovia 1234.

2. KONSTANZE ([1221/27]-[1253/3 May 1257]). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Boleslao et Casimiro" as sons of Konrad, specifying that they married two sisters descended from St Hedwig (wife of Heinrich I Duke of Silesia), a later passage clarifying that they were daughters of Heinrich[153]. The Chronica principum Polonie record that "Conradi filiis…Boleslao et Kazimiro" married "Heynricus…duas neptes"[154]. "Casimirus…Dux Lanciciæ et Cujaviæ" donated property, the dowry of "Ducissæ Constantiæ uxoris nostræ et matris nobilium Ducum Lestkonis et Semomisli filiorum nostrorum", to Dobrovie church by charter dated 25 May 1252[155]. m (1239) as his second wife, KASIMIERZ Duke of Kujavia, son of KONRAD I Prince of Mazovia & his wife Agafia Sviatoslavna of Novgorod-Sieviersk ([1211]-14 Nov 1267)

3. BOLESLAW ([1220/25]-[26/31] Dec 1278, bur Liegnitz Dominikanerkirche). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Boleslaum Calvum Legniczcensem, Henricum Wratislaviensem, Conradum Glogoviensem duces…et Vlodislaum Salczburgensem archiepiscopum" as the four sons of Heinrich II & his wife[156]. He succeeded his father in 1241 as BOLESLAW II "Rogatka/Calvus" Duke of Lower Silesia.

- see below.

4. MIESZKO ([1223/27]-[1241/42]). Named in secondary sources as a younger son of Duke Heinrich II, the primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.

5. HEINRICH ([1222/30]-3 Dec 1266, bur Trebnitz St Clara). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Boleslaum Calvum Legniczcensem, Henricum Wratislaviensem, Conradum Glogoviensem duces…et Vlodislaum Salczburgensem archiepiscopum" as the four sons of Heinrich II & his wife[157]. He succeeded in 1248 as HEINRICH III "White" Duke of Breslau. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Heinrico" inherited "Legnicz et Glogoviam"[158]. The Annales Grussavienses record the death in 1266 of “dux Heinricus tertius”[159]. The Annales Wratislavienses record the death "1266 III Non Dec" of "dux Heinricus frater Wizlai, nepos beate Hedwigis"[160]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie add that he was poisoned[161]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Heinricus tercius" was buried "apud sanctam Claram in Wratislavia"[162]. m firstly (1252) as her second husband, JUDYTA of Mazovia, widow of MIESZKO I Herzog von Oppeln und Ratibor [Piast], daughter of KONRAD I Prince of Mazovia [Piast] & his wife Agafia Sviatoslavna of Novgorod-Sieviersk ([1222/25]-[4 Dec 1257/65]). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to the wife of "Mesico Crassus [dux] Ratheborgensis" as "filiam ducis Cuiavie et Mazovie Conradi", without naming her, and records her second marriage with "Heinricus tercius Wratislaviensis"[163]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Heinricus tercius" married "filia Conradi Coyaviensis ducis, relicta Mesiconis Rathiboriensis" who was the mother of his children[164]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m secondly (before 3 Dec 1266) as her first husband, HELENE von Sachsen, daughter of ALBRECHT I Duke of Saxony [Askanier] & his third wife Helene von Braunschweig (-12 Jun 1309, bur Nürnberg Barfüsserkirche). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to the second wife of Duke Heinrich III as "filiam ducis Saxonie" specifying that she married secondly "burgravio de Nurenberg"[165]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "tercius Heinricus" married secondly "filiam…ducis Saxonie", who later married "Burgravio Nurenbergensi"[166]. The primary source which names her and more specifically confirms her second marriage has not so far been identified. She married secondly (before 10 Apr 1280) as his second wife, Friedrich III Burggraf von Nürnberg. Heinrich III & his first wife had two children:

a) HEDWIG ([1252/56]-before 14 Dec 1300, bur Meissen Cathedral, Kloster Altzelle). Johann Tylich’s Chronicon Missnense records that “Albertus Turingiæ Lantgravius...Henricus eius filius” married “Hedwigem filiam Ericii ducis Silesiæ” but died childless[167]. The dispensation for the marriage of “Octone comite Aschariæ ac principe Iuanehalt” and “Hedewige germana ducis Urezlaniæ, Halberstadensis dioscesis”, despite the 4^o consanguinity between “quondam Hinricum lantgravium Turingiæ, priorem virum Hedewigis” and “Octoni”, is dated 18 Dec 1289[168]. The “Lochauer Inschriften” record the burial in Meissen Cathedral (“in der fursten cappellen [=Altzelle]”) of “marcgrave Henrich, lantgraven Albrechts von Döringen son” and “mit seyner frawenHedwig, dy do des dritten herczogen tochtir was, [aus] der Slesia gewest ist, und mit marcgraven Frederich seynen söne genant Analand”[169]. m firstly ([1271/72]) HEINRICH von Meissen Herr des Pleissenlandes, son of ALBRECHT II "der Entartete" Markgraf von Meissen, Landgraf of Thuringia [Wettin] & his wife Margareta von Hohenstaufen (21 Mar 1256-[25 Jan/23 Jul] 1282, bur Meissen Cathedral, Kloster Altzelle). m secondly ([6 May/23 Jul] 1283, dispensation Rome 18 Dec 1289) OTTO I Fürst von Anhalt Graf von Aschersleben, son of HEINRICH II Fürst von Anhalt in Aschersleben & his wife Mechtild von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (-[25 Jun 1304/25 Jan 1305]).

b) HEINRICH ([1257/58]-murdered 23 Jun 1290, bur Breslau Kloster Heiligenkreuz). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to the children of "Heinricus tercius Wratislaviensis" and his wife "filiam ducis Cuiavie et Mazovie Conradi" as "filiam et filium Heinricum quartum Wratislaviensem ducem"[170]. He was brought up at the court of Přemysl Ottokar II King of Bohemia[171]. He succeeded in 1270 as HEINRICH IV "Probus" Duke of Breslau. On the death without heirs in 1288 of Leszek II "Czarny/the Black" Prince of Krakow, Sandomir, Sieradz and Łęczyca, he inherited Krakow and Sandomir on the basis of a prior agreement between the major Polish princes[172]. Duke of Poland 1288. He aimed to reunite the Polish crown but the other princes refused to accept him as their leader. His distant cousin Władysław "Lokietek" occupied Krakow but was expelled within a few months[173]. The Annales Cracovienses Compilati record that "Henricus dux Wratizlavienisis intoxicatus est veneno et obiit" in 1291[174]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "1290 XI Kal Aug" of "dux Wratislawiensis Henricus quartus qui dictus est Probus, filius tercii Henrici", specifying that he too was poisoned and was buried "Wratislawie ad Sanctam Crucem" which he had founded[175]. He appointed Przemysł II Duke of Greater Poland as his successor[176]. m firstly ([1277/80]) --- von Oppeln, daughter of WLADISLAW Duke of Oppeln [Piast] & his wife Euphemia of Poland [Piast] ([1265]-[1287/88]). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly ([1287/88]) MECHTILD von Brandenburg, daughter of OTTO V Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Judith von Henneberg (-before 1 Jun 1298, bur Kloster Lehnin). Pulcawa's Bohemian Chronicle names "Beatricem…Mechthildim… Gitam…Gunegundim" as the four daughters of "Otto longus filius Ottonis tercii" & his wife, specifying that Mechtild married "Henrico…duci Wratislauie" and survived her husband and was buried in "Lenynensi monasterio"[177].

6. ELISABETH ([1224/32]-16 Jan 1265). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Elisabeth et Agnethem" as two daughters of "Henricus occisus a Thartharis" and his wife "domina Anna sorore regis Bohemie monoculi"[178]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum specifies that one of the four daughters of Heinrich married "duci Gnesnensi Primisloni" but does not specify which one[179]. m (1244) PRZEMYSŁ of Poland, son of WŁADYSŁAW Prince of Kalisch, Poznan and Greater Poland & his wife Hedwig von Pommerellen ([4 Jun/9 Aug] [1221]-4 Jun 1257). He succeeded in 1247 as PRZEMYSŁ I Prince of Poznan.

7. KONRAD ([1228/31]-[6 Aug 1273/1274], bur Glogau St Marie). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Boleslaum Calvum Legniczcensem, Henricum Wratislaviensem, Conradum Glogoviensem duces…et Vlodislaum Salczburgensem archiepiscopum" as the four sons of Heinrich II & his wife[180]. He succeeded in 1241 as KONRAD I Duke of Glogau. Bishop of Passau, resigned 1250.

- DUKES of GLOGAU.

8. WLADISLAW (1237-27 Apr 1270, bur Salzburg). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Boleslaum Calvum Legniczcensem, Henricum Wratislaviensem, Conradum Glogoviensem duces…et Vlodislaum Salczburgensem archiepiscopum" as the four sons of Heinrich II & his wife, specifying in a later passage that he was buried in Salzburg[181]. Archbishop of Salzburg.

9. AGNES ([1230/36]-14 May after 1277). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Elisabeth et Agnethem" as two daughters of "Henricus occisus a Thartharis" and his wife "domina Anna sorore regis Bohemie monoculi"[182]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum specifies that one of the four daughters of Heinrich was "infirma corpore…sed robusta, mento infirme" and left by her mother with the Franciscans at "Sanctam Claram Wratizlavie"[183]. The daughter is unnamed in this passage. However, by process of elimination it must refer either to Agnes or Hedwig. Abbess of St Clara, Trebnitz.

10. HEDWIG ([1238/41]-3 Apr 1318). The Notæ Sanctæ Claræ record that "Hedwigis, filia ducis Henrici secundi" was second abbess of St Clara, Trebnitz[184].

BOLESLAW of Lower Silesia, son of HEINRICH II Duke of Lower Silesia, Krakow and Greater Poland & his wife Anna of Bohemia ([1220/25]-[26/31] Dec 1278, bur Liegnitz Dominikanerkirche). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Boleslaum Calvum Legniczcensem, Henricum Wratislaviensem, Conradum Glogoviensem duces…et Vlodislaum Salczburgensem archiepiscopum" as the four sons of Heinrich II & his wife[185]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "senior filius eius [=Heinrici] Boleslaus" when recording that he "contra fratres suos parvulos insurgens"[186]. He succeeded his father in 1241 as BOLESLAW II "Rogatka/Calvus" Duke of Lower Silesia. Duke of Liegnitz and Glogau. “Boleslaus...dux Zlesie...cum filio nro Heynrico” confirmed donations made to “conventus de Heynrichow ordinis cisterciensis” made by “Heynricum avum nrum et patrum nrum...Heynricum felicis memorie” by charter dated 14 Apr 1263[187]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death of "Bolezlaus filius Henrici occisi a Thartharis, qui dictus fuit Calvus sive Mirabilis", specifying that he was buried "aput Predicatores in Liegnitz"[188].

m firstly ([8 May/18 Oct] 1242]) HEDWIG von Anhalt, daughter of HEINRICH "der Fette" Graf von Anhalt und Aschersleben & his wife Irmgard von Thüringen (-21 Dec 1259, bur Liegnitz Dominikanerkirche). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Hedwige de Anehalt" as the first wife of "Boleslaus Calvus"[189]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Iuttam…Sophiam…Hedwigem" as daughters of "Henricum comitem de Anahalt" & his wife, specifying that Hedwig married "Bolizslaus dux Slesie"[190]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "1259 XII Kal Ian" of "Hedwigis uxor eiusdem ducis Bolezlai Legnitzensis filia comitis de Anhalt"[191].

m secondly (after 1260) as her second husband, ALENTA [Lolanta/Adelajda] von Pomerellen, widow of ---, daughter of SAMBOR II Duke of Pomerelia & his wife Mechtild von Mecklenburg ([1231/45]-[22 Feb 1296/5 Feb 1309]). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to the second wife of "Boleslaus Calvus" as "filiam Samborii ducis Pomeranie"[192]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that her husband "Boleslaus calvus" was disgusted with her because of "pellicem turpissimam" and that she fled[193]. The primary source which confirms her name and supposed first marriage has not yet been identified. Dluglossus named “Adleydam virginem filiam Samborii ducis Pomeraniæ” as Boleslaw’s second wife[194]. “Bolezlaus...et Henricus duces Zlesie et dni Wratislaw” [presumably the three sons of her husband’s son by his first marriage, Heinrich V Duke of Liegnitz] donated property to Breslau St Clara “quam hereditaliter assecuti sumus per obitum...matertere nre olym dne Alenthe ducisse Pomeranie” by charter dated 5 Feb 1309[195].

Boleslaw II & his first wife had seven children:

1. AGNES ([1243/50]-13 Mar 1265, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to the three daughters of "Boleslaus Calvus" & his first wife, specifying that one (listed first) married "comiti de Wirtenberk"[196]. The Chronicon Wirtembergense records that “comes Wirtembergensis Udalricus” married “filiam ducis Poloniæ”, by whom he had two sons and four daughters[197]. A list of memorials in Stuttgart church records the death “III Id Mar” 1265 of “Agnes filia ducis Polonie comitissa de Wirtnwerg” and “V Kal Mar” in the same year of “Ulricus comes de Wirtenberg maritus prescripte dne”[198]. m ([1260/64]) as his second wife, ULRICH I "mit dem Daumen" Graf von Württemberg, son of --- ([1226]-25 Feb 1265, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche).

2. HEINRICH ([1248]-22 Feb 1296). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "unus puerulus obit, alter Henricus Legniczensis, tercius Bolko, quartus Bernhardus" as the four sons of "Boleslaus Calvus" & his first wife[199]. “Boleslaus...dux Zlesie...cum filio nro Heynrico” confirmed donations made to “conventus de Heynrichow ordinis cisterciensis” made by “Heynricum avum nrum et patrum nrum...Heynricum felicis memorie” by charter dated 14 Apr 1263[200]. He succeeded in 1278 as HEINRICH V "the Fat" Duke of Liegnitz.

- DUKES of LIEGNITZ.

3. JADWIGA ([1250/55]-after 1280). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to the three daughters of "Boleslaus Calvus" & his first wife, specifying that one (listed second) married "duci Mazovie Conrado"[201]. m ([1265/70]) KONRAD II Prince of Mazovia, son of SIEMOWIT I Prince of Mazovia [Piast] & his wife Pereiaslava Daniilovich of Galich ([1248/50]-23 Jun 1294)

4. BOLKO von Liegnitz (1252/56]-Grissow 9 Nov 1301, bur Grüssow [Krzeszów] monastery). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "unus puerulus obit, alter Henricus Legniczensis, tercius Bolko, quartus Bernhardus" as the four sons of "Boleslaus Calvus" & his first wife[202]. He succeeded in 1278 as BOLKO I Duke of Jauer and Schweidnitz.

- DUKES of JAUER and SCHWEIDNITZ.

5. BERNHARD ([1253/57]-25 Apr 1286, bur Leignitz Dominicanerkirche). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "unus puerulus obit, alter Henricus Legniczensis, tercius Bolko, quartus Bernhardus" as the four sons of "Boleslaus Calvus" & his first wife[203]. The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricus Legnicensis pinguis sive ventrosus dictus, Bolko Swidenicensis et in Furstenberg, et Bernhardus…agilis" as the three surviving sons of "Boleslaus calvus"[204]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Boleslaus calvus…filius suus Berhardus, agilis nuncupatus" died with "sorore sua Katherina", adding in a later passage that they were both buried "in monasterio fratrum predicatorum in Legnicz" founded by their father[205]. The Annales Polonorum record the death in 1286 of "dux Bernardus filius Bloezlay Rogatce"[206].

6. KONRAD (-young). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "unus puerulus obit, alter Henricus Legniczensis, tercius Bolko, quartus Bernhardus" as the four sons of "Boleslaus Calvus" & his first wife[207]. The primary source which confirms his name has not yet been identified.

7. KATHARINA (-[25 Apr 1286], bur Leignitz Dominicanerkirche). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to the three daughters of "Boleslaus Calvus" & his first wife, specifying that one (listed third) was "abbatissa in Trebnicz"[208]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Boleslaus calvus…filius suus Berhardus, agilis nuncupatus" died with "sorore sua Katherina", adding in a later passage that they were both buried "in monasterio fratrum predicatorum in Legnicz" founded by their father[209]. It is not known whether this report should be read literally and that Katharina died on the same day as her brother Bernhard.

Boleslaw II had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

8. JAROSLAV (-young). The Chronica principum Polonie name "Jaroslaum" as the illegitimate son of "Boleslaus calvus" by an unnamed concubine who married a second husband during the lifetime of the first after her son died[210].

Chapter 5. DUKES of GLOGAU [GLOGÓW] 1241-1331 (PIAST)

The town of Glogów [Glogau] lies on the river Oder, about 10 kilometres upstream of Bytom [Beuthen]. The duchy of Glogau was created a few years after the death (in 1241) of Heinrich II Duke of Lower Silesia in favour of his third surviving son Konrad. Initially launched on an ecclesiastical career, the Chronica principum Polonie records Konrad’s “indignation” when his brothers received territorial apanages from their paternal inheritance. He forced his older brother Boleslaw II to provide for him too and resigned his bishopric. The duchy covered the northernmost part of Silesia, southwards from the Oder’s confluence with the Bóbr [Bober] river upstream of Krosno Odrzańskie [Crossen an der Oder] towards Ścinawa [Steinau] and Lubin. After the death in 1309 of Konrad’s son Duke Heinrich I, the duchy was divided between his sons Heinrich II (who took Sagan [Żagań]), Konrad I (Oels [Oleśnica]), Johann (Steinau [Ścinawa]), and Primko II who retained the rump parts of Glogau. Johann and Primko both died childless, ensuring some limitation on the further fragmentation of the duchy.

KONRAD, son of HEINRICH II Duke of Lower Silesia, Krakow and Greater Poland & his wife Anna of Bohemia ([1228/31]-[6 Aug 1273/1274], bur Glogau St Marie). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Boleslaum Calvum Legniczcensem, Henricum Wratislaviensem, Conradum Glogoviensem duces…et Vlodislaum Salczburgensem archiepiscopum" as the four sons of Heinrich II & his wife[211]. He at first followed an ecclesiastical career. The Chronica principum Poloniæ records that “Boleslaus” [Boleslaw II "Rogatka/Calvus" Duke of Lower Silesia] appointed “fratrem suum Conradum electum Bamburgensem” as “sub-diaconum”[212]. Bishop of Passau. He succeeded as KONRAD I Duke of Glogau in [1249/51]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Conradus", indignant about his brothers receiving territories, extorted "Glogovie ducatu" from his brother Boleslaw, resigned his bishopric, and married[213]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death of "Cunradus dux Glogowie, filius Henrici secundi", specifying that he was buried "in summo prope Glogaw"[214]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Conradus" was buried "in ecclesia sancte Marie Glogoviensi" which he had founded[215].

m firstly ([1249/51]) SALOMEA of Poland, daughter of WŁADYSŁAW Prince of Kalisch, Poznan and Greater Poland & his wife Hedwig von Pommerellen (before 1236-[Apr 1267/1274], bur Glogau Dominican Church). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "sororem ducis Gnesnensis Primislonis…Salomeam" and her husband "Conradus"[216]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Conradus" married "sororem Prymslonis, ducis Gneznensis…Salomea", adding that she was buried "apud fratres predicatores in Glogovia"[217]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie adds that she was buried in Glogau "aput Predicatores"[218].

m secondly ([1271/74]) SOPHIA von Meissen, daughter of DIETRICH "der Weise" von Meissen im Osterland, Landsberg und Groitzsch & his wife Helene von Brandenburg ([1258/61]-24 Aug 1318). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to "filiam Theoderici marchionis orientalis, relictam Conradi filii Frederici" as the second wife of "Conradus Glogoviense"[219]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Conrado Stynnaviensi" married secondly "filiam…Theoderici marchionis orientalis, relicta quondam Conradi nepotis Fridrici imperatoris, Conradi filii", adding that Konrad granted his wife "pro dote Crosnam, Greyfinsteyn et Pirszin castra" which his father-in-law sold to the archbishop of Magdeburg[220]. Cureus, with partial inaccuracy, records that “Conradus egens pecuniæ” married “Brigittam filiam marchionis Misnensis cum ampla dote” in 1271 but that she died the following year resulting in “novis damnis”[221]. She became abbess of St Clara at Weissenfels, after her husband died.

Konrad I & his first wife had [six] children:

1. ANNA ([1250/52]-25 Jun 1271, bur Fürstenfeld). The Altahenses Annales record the marriage in 1260 of "Ludwicus palatinus Rehni dux Bawarie" and "Annam filiam Chunradi ducis Polonie"[222]. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1271 6 Kal Iul" of "Anna ducissa Bawarie"[223]. The Notæ Fuerstenfeldenses record that the mother of Duke Ludwig died "1271 V Kal Iun" and was buried at Fürstenfeld[224]. m (24 Aug 1260) as his second wife, LUDWIG II "der Strenge" Duke of Bavaria, son of OTTO II "dem Erlauchten" Duke of Bavaria & his wife Agnes von Braunschweig (Heidelberg 13 Apr 1229-Heidelberg 2 Feb 1294, bur Kloster Fürstenfeld).

2. [EUPHEMIA ([12 Jan 1254]-before 1275). Pohlius named “Euphemia ehlichte den Fürsten von Gortz, die ihm Henricum gebohren, Hedwigis ist im Kloster S. Claræ eine Æbtissin gewesen” as the younger daughters of Duke Konrad I[225]. The primary source which confirms Euphemia’s parentage, marriage, and precise birth date has not been identified. As shown in the document CARINTHIA, Pohlius is incorrect in asserting that Graf Albrecht II’s son Heinrich was born to his first wife, and no other source has been found which corroborates that this first wife was Euphemia von Glogau. Albrecht’s first marriage must have taken place after 1262 when the contract for his marriage with Euphemia von Ortenburg was cancelled. m ([1262/13 May 1266]) as his first wife, ALBRECHT von Görz, son of MEINHARD I Graf von Tirol [MEINHARD III Graf von Görz] & his wife Adelheid von Tirol (-[1 Apr] 1304, bur Rosazzo). He succeeded in 1267 as ALBRECHT II Graf von Görz.]

3. HEINRICH von Glogau ([1251/60]-[7/9] Dec 1309, bur Kloster Lüben). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Conrado Stinaviense, Henrico Glogoviense et Primisline Sprotaviense ducellis" as sons of "Conradus Glogoviense" & his first wife[226]. He succeeded his father in 1274 as HEINRICH I Duke of Glogau.

- see below.

4. KONRAD von Glogau ([1252/60]-11 Oct 1304, bur Lüben). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Conrado Stinaviense, Henrico Glogoviense et Primisline Sprotaviense ducellis" as sons of "Conradus Glogoviense" & his first wife[227]. Subdeacon at Breslau 1284. Provost at Breslau Cathedral 1287. Elected Bishop of Aquileja 1299. Duke of Sagan. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "1304 V Id Oct" of "Cunradus dux Slezie et dominus Sagani…qui et Korbirlin dictus", specifying that he was "prepositus Sancti Iohannis in Wratislawis" and buried in Lüben[228].

5. PRIMKO von Glogau ([1255/65]-killed in battle near Siewierz 26 Feb 1289). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Conrado Stinaviense, Henrico Glogoviense et Primisline Sprotaviense ducellis" as sons of "Conradus Glogoviense" & his first wife[229]. Duke of Steinau [Ścinawa]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Prymslone Sprottoviensi ducis" survived his father "Conrado Stynnaviensi"[230]. The Annales Grissowienses record that "dux Priberito frater ducis Glogovie" was killed "1289 IV Kal Mar"[231]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie adds that he was killed "in Sever opido episcopi Cracovie iuxta Bytom", specifying that he was buried in Lüben[232].

6. HEDWIG ([1255/65]-9 Jun 1318, bur St Clara, Breslau). The Notæ Sanctæ Claræ record that "Hedwigis, filia Conradi ducis Glogoviensis" was third abbess of St Clara, Trebnitz, specifying that she died "1318 V Id Iun" and was buried in the monastery[233]. Abbess of St Clara in Breslau 1283.

HEINRICH von Glogau, son of KONRAD I Duke of Glogau [Piast] & his first wife Salomea of Poland [Piast] ([1251/60]-[7/9] Dec 1309, bur Kloster Lüben). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Conrado Stinaviense, Henrico Glogoviense et Primisline Sprotaviense ducellis" as sons of "Conradus Glogoviense" & his first wife[234]. He succeeded his father in 1274 as HEINRICH I Duke of Glogau. Heinrich IV "Probus" Duke of Breslau, Prince of Krakow appointed Heinrich his successor in Breslau in 1290, but the townspeople refused to grant him possession and forced him to cede Breslau to Heinrich Duke of Liegnitz[235]. In the succeeding years, Heinrich gained control over Greater Poland, although there was local opposition to his rule and after his death his sons were unable to maintain their position there[236]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "1309 5 Id Dec" of "Heynricus dux Glogowie, filius Cunradi", specifying that he was buried in Lüben[237].

m (May 1291) MECHTILD von Braunschweig, daughter of ALBRECHT "der Große" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg & his second wife Alessina di Monferrato ([1276]-[26 Apr/31 Aug] 1318, bur Glogau). The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "duci Glogovie" as husband of "Mechtildis [filia Alberti]" and their marriage "1291 mense Maio"[238]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Heinrico Glogoviensis" married "Mechtildim filiam Alberti ducis Brunswicensis", adding that she was buried "in Glogovia"[239]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie name "Mechtildam, filiam ducis de Brunzwik" as wife of "Heynricus dux Glogowie", specifying that she was buried in Lüben[240].

Heinrich I & his wife had nine children:

1. HEINRICH von Glogau ([1292/93]-22 Jan 1342, bur Kloster Sagan). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum, Conradum, Johannem et Primslaum" as the four sons of "Heinricus dux Glogoviensis", adding that Heinrich inherited "Saganum"[241]. He succeeded his father in 1309 as HEINRICH II Duke of Sagan [Żagań].

- DUKES of SAGAN.

2. KONRAD von Glogau ([1293/94]-22/27 Dec 1366). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum, Conradum, Johannem et Primslaum" as the four sons of "Heinricus dux Glogoviensis", adding that Konrad inherited "Olsnam"[242]. KONRAD I Duke of Oels [Oleśnica].

- DUKES of OELS.

3. AGNES von Glogau ([1293/96]-25 Dec 1361 bur Kloster Seligenthal). The Chronicon Osterhoviense records the marriage in 1308 of "dominus Otto rex Ungarie" and "filiam ducis Glowie…Elyzabet"[243]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and second marriage has not yet been identified. The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "VIII Kal Jan 1361" of "domina Agnes regina Ungarie et ducissa Bawarie"[244]. m firstly (Straubing 18 May 1309) as his second wife, OTTO III joint Duke of Lower Bavaria, son of HEINRICH I Duke of Lower Bavaria & Erszébet of Hungary (11 Feb 1261-Landshut 9 Sep 1312, bur Seligenthal). He emerged as a rival candidate for the throne of Hungary, supported by the Hungarian nobility after the departure of Wenzel of Bohemia, and was elected at Székesfehérvár 6 Dec 1305 as BÉLA V King of Hungary. He was captured in 1308 by supporters of Charles Robert and released only when he agreed to abandon his claim to Hungary[245]. m secondly (1329) ALRAM Graf von Hals, son of ALBERT [VI] Graf von Hals & his third wife Elisabeth von Truhendigen (-1331).

4. BOLKO [Boleslas] von Glogau ([1293/96]-before 23 Apr 1321). “Secundus Heinricus, Johannes et Primko...duces Silesie domini Poznanie et Sagani” agreed the division of their paternal succession with “fratribus nostris Conrado et Bolkone”, the latter receiving “Gnezna, Kalis et Olesnicz...”, by charter dated 1312[246]. “Boleslaus...dux Sylesiæ et dominus in Olesnitz” confirmed privileges of Breslau church and donated properties, with the consent of “domini Conradi ducis Silesiæ et domini de Nambslavia fratris nostri”, by charter dated 20 Nov 1315[247].

5. JOHANN ([1296/1300]-[17 Oct 1361/1364]). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum, Conradum, Johannem et Primslaum" as the four sons of "Heinricus dux Glogoviensis", adding that Johann inherited "Stinaviam atque Goram"[248]. Duke of Steinau [Ścinawa]. “Henricus...dux Zlesie et Glogovie ac dmnus Saganensis” swore allegiance to King Jan, listing all his towns and castles and naming “fratres nros...Conradum...ducem Zlesie et Glogovie dmnum Olsnensem ac dmnum Joannem ducem Zlesie et Glogovie ac dmnum Stynavie”, by charter dated [8/10] May 1329[249]. m ([1316/24], Papal dispensation Avignon 12 Sep 1324) as her second husband, MARGARETA von Pommern, widow of NIKOLAUS "das Kind" von Mecklenburg Herr zu Rostock, daughter of BOGISLAW IV Duke of Pomerania & his second wife Margareta von Rügen ([1286/88]-before 25 Jul 1334). The Annales Lubicenses record the marriage of "Nicholaus dominus de Rostocke" and "filiam Buxslai Slavonum principis" in 1300[250]. Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Iohannis ducis Slesie” and “Margarete sororis...Wartislai ducis Stetinensis”, despite their 3^o consanguinity, dated 12 Sep 1324[251].

6. SALOMEA ([1296/1300]-before 9 Dec 1309, bur Lüben). An inscription in Lüben monastery records the burials of “Hedwig und och Salome...Hinricus...Kind von Glogow”[252].

7. KATHARINA ([1300/05]-[5 Dec 1323/1326]). Pulcawa's Bohemian Chronicle records the marriage of "Johanni marchioni" and "Katherina filia ducis Glogouie"[253]. The chronology dictates that Katharina was the daughter of Duke Heinrich I. Her second marriage is indicated by the following: “Johannes Holsatiæ comes” was captured by “militibus marchionis”, imprisoned for three years, and released on agreeing to marry “Catherinam relictam Johannis March. de Brandenburg”[254]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified. m firstly (before 24 Mar 1317) JOHANN V Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of HERMANN Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Anna of Austria ([15 Apr/16 Aug] 1302-Spandau 24 Mar 1317, bur Kloster Lehnin). m secondly ([25 Dec 1317/27 Jan 1319]) as his first wife, JOHANN III Graf von Holstein, son of GERHARD II Graf von Holstein in Plön & his second wife Agnes von Brandenburg ([1297]-27 Sep 1359, bur Reinfeld).

8. PRIMKO von Glogau ([1300/08]-11 Jan 1331, bur Lüben). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum, Conradum, Johannem et Primslaum…alias Primko" as the four sons of "Heinricus dux Glogoviensis", adding that Primko inherited "Glogoviam"[255]. He succeeded his father in 1309 as PRIMKO II Duke of Glogau. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Primko alias Primslaus" was buried "in Lubensi monasterio"[256]. Cureus records the death in 1331 “sine hærede” of “Primislaus Glogouiensis” and his burial “in monasterio Leubensi”[257]. m ([1324/26]) KONSTANZE von Schweidnitz, daughter of BERNHARD Duke of Schweidnitz [Piast] & his wife Kunigunde of Poland [Piast] ([1309/14]-[1 Feb 1360/21 Nov 1363]). After her husband died she became abbess of Alt-Sandor[258]. “Constantia abbatissa monasterii in Tzaniza ordinis Sancte Clare” donated her dower from “clare memorie olim...Przemislao duce Slesie et dmno Glogovie consorte nro” to her monastery, if “Bolckonem ducem Slesie et dmnum Swidnicensem fratrem nrum” died, by charter dated 1 Feb 1340[259].

9. HEDWIG ([1300/08]-before Dec 1309, bur Lüben). An inscription in Lüben monastery records the burials of “Hedwig und och Salome...Hinricus...Kind von Glogow”[260].

Chapter 6. DUKES of JAUER [JAWÓR] and SCHWEIDNITZ [ŠWIDNICA] 1278-1345 (PIAST)

The duchies of Jauer [Jawór] and Schweidnitz [Šwidnica] constituted the part of the inheritance of Boleslaw II Duke of Lower Silesia which fell to his son Bolko after he died in 1278. The territory of the duchy of Jauer lay south of Glogau and Liegnitz, included the Bóbr river basin in the west and stretched as far as the Bohemian border in the south. Schweidnitz lay east of Jauer, west of Brieg, and included the future duchy of Münsterberg [Ziębice] which was later split from Jaur/Schweidnitz and inherited by Bolko I’s youngest son Bolko. Bolko I’s grandson, the childless Bolko II, arranged the betrothal of his niece and heiress Anna to the infant son of Karl I King of Bohemia [Karl IV King of Germany] in 1350 to regularise Bohemia's eventual control over Schweidnitz and Jauer. Although Karl’s son died, the same result was achieved when Anna later married King Karl himself.

BOLKO von Liegnitz, son of BOLESLAW Duke of Lower Silesia, Liegnitz and Glogau & his first wife Hedwig von Anhalt ([1252/56]-Grüssow [Krzeszów] 9 Nov 1301, bur Grüssow [Krzeszów] monastery). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "unus puerulus obit, alter Henricus Legniczensis, tercius Bolko, quartus Bernhardus" as the four sons of "Boleslaus Calvus" & his first wife[261]. The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricus Legnicensis pinguis sive ventrosus dictus, Bolko Swidenicensis et in Furstenberg, et Bernhardus…agilis" as the three surviving sons of "Boleslaus calvus"[262]. He succeeded in 1278 as BOLKO I Duke of Jauer and Schweidnitz. The Annales Wratislavienses record the death "1301 in Vigilia sancti Martini" of "Bulcko dux Slezie"[263]. The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "V Id Nov" of "Pulko dux Polonie"[264]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that Bolko died and was buried in "monasterium in Grissow" which he had founded[265].

m (Berlin 4 Oct 1284) as her first husband, BEATRIX von Brandenburg, daughter of OTTO V Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Judith von Henneberg (1270-[10 Apr 1312/26 Apr 1316]). Pulcawa's Bohemian Chronicle names "Beatricem…Mechthildim… Gitam…Gunegundim" as the four daughters of "Otto longus filius Ottonis tercii" & his wife, specifying that Beatrix married "Bolko dux Polonie"[266]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. She married secondly ([20 Sep 1308/16 Jul 11]) Wladislaw Duke of Beuthen and Kosel [Piast].

Bolko & his wife had nine children:

1. JUTTA ([1285/87]-Landshut 15 Sep 1320, bur Kloster Seligenthal). The Hermanni Altahenses Annales record the marriage in 1297 of "Stephanus dux Bavarie frater Ottonis ducis" and "filiam Pulkonis de Polan"[267]. The necrology of Baumburg records the death "XVIII Kal Oct 1319" of "Geuta ducissa Bauarie"[268]. The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVII Kal Oct 1320" of "domina Iutta, domini Polk ducis Polonie filia, ducissa Bawarie"[269]. m (1299) STEFAN I "der Ältere" joint Duke of Lower Bavaria, son of HEINRICH I Duke of Lower Bavaria [Niederbayern] & his wife Erszébet of Hungary (14 Mar 1271-Landshut 21 Dec 1310, bur Kloster Seligenthal).

2. BOLKO ([1285/90]-30 Jan 1300). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

3. BERNHARD ([1288/91]-6 May 1326). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Bernhardum, Heinricum et Bolkonem" as the three surviving sons of Bolko, adding that Bernhard inherited "ducatum Swidnicensem"[270]. He succeeded his father in 1301 as BERNHARD Duke of Schweidnitz.

- see below.

4. BEATRIX ([1290]-Munich 24 Aug 1322, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau). The Notæ Fuerstenfeldenses record the marriage of "ducis Polonie filia Beatrice" and Duke Ludwig[271]. m ([14 Oct 1308/1311]) as his first wife, LUDWIG IV Duke of Bavaria, son of LUDWIG II "der Strenge" Joint-Duke of Bavaria & his third wife Mechtild von Habsburg ([Feb/Mar] 1282-Puch bei Fürstenfeldbruck 11 Oct 1347, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau). Elected LUDWIG King of Germany at Frankfurt-am-Main in 1314, crowned Emperor at Rome in 1328.

5. HEINRICH von Jauer ([1292/96]-[6 Mar/15 May] 1346). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Bernhardum, Heinricum et Bolkonem" as the three surviving sons of Bolko, adding that Heinrich inherited "ducatum…Jawor"[272]. He succeeded in 1301 as HEINRICH I Duke of Jauer. He signed a treaty of friendship with Jan King of Bohemia in Jan 1337 agreeing to cede his duchy to the Bohemian crown if he died without heirs[273]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that after the death of Heinrich "ducatus Jaurensis" passed to "Bolkonem ultimum Swidnicensem, filium fratris sui ducis Bernhardi"[274]. This inheritance was later challenged by Bohemia[275]. m (1319, Papal dispensation 24 Sep 1325) AGNES of Bohemia, daughter of WENZEL II Duke of Bohemia & his second wife Ryksa Elźbieta of Poland [Piast] (15 Jun 1305-[1336/before 4 Jan 1337]). The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the marriage of "Dominus Henricus, filius Domini Bulkonis Ducis Sleziæ de Swidnicz" and "Agnetem…Domini Wencezslai Regis…filiam…ex Domina Elizabeth Regina sua secunda coniuge" who was aged 12 at "civitatem Grecz"[276]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Heinricum…ducatus Jaurensis" married "dominam Agnetham filiam Wenczeslai regis Bohemie…ex secunda uxore sua Elizabet filia ducis Kalisiensis" but died without heirs[277]. Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Henrico duci Slezie et domino de Furstemberch et de Iawoir” and “Agneti nate clare memorie Wenceslai regis Bohemie”, despite their 3^o and 4^o consanguinity, dated 24 Sep 1325[278].

6. ELISABETH (b and d before 1300). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

7. MARGARETA (b and d before 1300). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

8. BOLKO von Jauer ([1 Feb 1300/1301]-11 Jun 1341, bur Heinrichaw). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Bernhardum, Heinricum et Bolkonem" as the three surviving sons of Bolko, adding that Bolko inherited "ducatum…Munsterberg"[279]. He succeeded as BOLKO II Duke of Münsterberg [Ziębice].

- DUKES of MÜNSTERBERG.

9. ANNA ([21 Nov 1301/Aug 1302]-[2 Mar 1332/24 Jun 1334]). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Abbess of St Clara in Strehlen 1328.

BERNHARD von Schweidnitz, son of BOLKO I Duke of Jauer und Schweidnitz [Piast] & his wife Beatrix von Brandenburg ([1288/91]-6 May 1326). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Bernhardum, Heinricum et Bolkonem" as the three surviving sons of Bolko, adding that Bernhard inherited "ducatum Swidnicensem"[280]. He succeeded his father in 1301 as BERNHARD Duke of Schweidnitz. The Ephemerides Wladislavienses record the death "1326 II Non Mai" of "Bernardus dux Slezie…gener domini Wladislai regis Polonie"[281].

m ([1310]) as her first husband, KUNIGUNDE of Poland, daughter of WŁADYSŁAW Prince of Kujavia, Krakow and Sandomir [later WŁADYSŁAW I "Łokietek/Ellenbogen" King of Poland] & his wife Jadwiga of Poland (before 1298-9 Apr 1331, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery). The Chronica principum Polonie name "ducissam Swidnicensem" as the daughter of "Wladislaum dictum Lockot…regem Polanie" but does not name her or her husband[282]. “Cunegundis...ducissa Zlesie et dmna de Vüstemberch” donated revenue “in silva nra Rusk prope Stregoviam” to Grizovia monastery, with the consent of “filii nri...dmni et ducis Bolkonis”, by charter dated 13 Dec 1326[283]. She married secondly (after 10 Aug 1328) as his second wife, Rudolf I Duke of Sachsen-Wittenberg Elector of Saxony [Askanier]. An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 9 Apr 1331 of “ducissa Kunigunda filia regis Cracoviæ uxor secunda ducis Rodolphi”[284].

Bernhard & his wife had five children:

1. BOLKO von Schweidnitz ([1309/12]-28 Jul 1368, bur Grüssau). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Bolkonem et Heinricum fratrem eius" as the two sons of Bernhard[285]. He succeeded his father in 1326 as BOLKO II Duke of Schweidnitz. “Cunegundis...ducissa Zlesie et dmna de Vüstemberch” donated revenue “in silva nra Rusk prope Stregoviam” to Grizovia monastery, with the consent of “filii nri...dmni et ducis Bolkonis”, by charter dated 13 Dec 1326[286]. After Jan King of Bohemia's invasion of Silesia in 1327, Duke Bolko was the only Silesian prince who remained independent of Bohemian control[287]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that after the death of Heinrich "ducatus Jaurensis" passed to "Bolkonem ultimum Swidnicensem, filium fratris sui ducis Bernhardi"[288]. This inheritance was later challenged by Bohemia[289]. “Bolcko...Herczogk von Schlezien Herr von Vürstenbergk czu der Swidnicz und czum Jawer” confirmed the marriage of Karl IV King of Germany and “Anna...Heinrichs unsers Brudern Tochter”, with the consent of “Vürstinne Vrowen Agnesen”, by charter dated early Jul 1353[290]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Bolkonem ultimum Swidnicensem" died in 1368 "sexta feria post diem sancti Jacobi" and was buried "in monasterio Grysoviensi"[291]. The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records the death 28 Jul 1368 of "Bolko Dux Sleziæ, Dominus Swidnicensis, absque liberis" and the succession of his great nephew Wenzel of Bohemia to his lands[292]. m (after 1 Jun 1338) AGNES of Austria, daughter of LEOPOLD I Duke of Austria & his wife Catherine de Savoie ([1321/26]-Schweidnitz 2 Feb 1392, bur Schweidnitz Minoritenkirche). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Bolkonem ultimum Swidnicensem, filium fratris sui ducis Bernhardi" married "domina Agnes…filiam Lupoldi ducis Austrie"[293]. “Bolcko...Herczogk von Schlezien Herr von Vürstenbergk czu der Swidnicz und czum Jawer” confirmed the marriage of Karl IV King of Germany and “Anna...Heinrichs unsers Brudern Tochter”, with the consent of “Vürstinne Vrowen Agnesen”, by charter dated early Jul 1353[294].

2. KONSTANZE ([1309/14]-[1 Feb 1360/21 Nov 1363]). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the 1 Feb 1340 charter quoted below. After her husband died she became abbess of Alt-Sandor[295]. “Constantia abbatissa monasterii in Tzaniza ordinis Sancte Clare” donated her dower from “clare memorie olim...Przemislao duce Slesie et dmno Glogovie consorte nro” to her monastery, if “Bolckonem ducem Slesie et dmnum Swidnicensem fratrem nrum” died, by charter dated 1 Feb 1340[296]. m ([1324/26]) PRIMKO II Duke of Glogau, son of HEINRICH I Duke of Glogau [Piast] & his wife Mechtild von Braunschweig-Lüneburg ([1300/08]-11 Jan 1331).

3. ELISABETH ([1309/15]-8/9 Feb 1348). Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Boleslai ducis Opoliensis” and “Elizabeth nate quondam Bernardi ducis Slesie ac domini de Furstenbert”, despite their 3^o and 4^o consanguinity, dated 23 May 1327[297]. m ([1324/6 May 1326], Papal dispensation 23 May 1327) BOLESLAW von Oppeln, son of BOLESLAW I Duke of Oppeln & his wife Agnes --- (before 1300-21 Jun 1356). He succeeded in 1331 as BOLESLAW II Duke of Oppeln.

4. HEINRICH von Schweidnitz (-[1343/45]). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Bolkonem et Heinricum fratrem eius" as the two sons of Bernhard[298]. He succeeded his father in 1326 as HEINRICH II Duke of Schweidnitz. m (1338 before 1 Jun) KATHARINA, daughter of --- (-before 29 Jun 1355). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Heinrich II & his wife had one child:

a) ANNA (1339-11 Jul 1362, bur Prague Cathedral St Veit). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Bolkonem et Heinricum fratrem eius" as the two sons of Bernhard, adding that Heinrich was father of "domine Anne, imperatricis quondam et regine Bohemie"[299]. Heiress of Schweidnitz and Jauer. The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records the marriage "in Ungariam" in 1353 of "Dominus Karolus" and "Annam filiam olim Bernhardi [error for Heinrici] Ducis Swidnicensis, filiam unicam, hæredem illius ducatus et terrarium Sleziæ"[300]. Her first betrothal was agreed between her uncle Duke Bolko II and Karl I King of Bohemia to regularise Bohemia's eventual control over Schweidnitz and Jauer, the same purpose being behind her subsequent marriage to King Karl himself[301]. “Bolcko...Herczogk von Schlezien Herr von Vürstenbergk czu der Swidnicz und czum Jawer” confirmed the marriage of Karl IV King of Germany and “Anna...Heinrichs unsers Brudern Tochter”, with the consent of “Vürstinne Vrowen Agnesen”, by charter dated early Jul 1353[302]. The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records the death "in Octaua sancti Procopii" in 1362 of "Imperatrix Anna" and her burial "in Ecclesia Pragensi"[303]. Betrothed (Dec 1350) to VÁCLAV of Bohemia, son of KARL IV King of Germany [KARL I King of Bohemia, later Emperor Karl IV] & his second wife Pfalzgräfin Anna (17 Jan 1350-28 Dec 1351). m (Buda 27 May 1353) as his third wife, KARL IV King of Germany [KARL I King of Bohemia], son of JAN I King of Bohemia and Poland [JEAN I Comte de Luxembourg] & his wife Eliska [Elisabeth] of Bohemia [Přemyslid] (Prague 14 May 1316-Prague 29 Nov 1378, bur Prague Cathedral St Veit). Crowned as Emperor KARL IV at Rome in 1355.

5. BEATA ([1320/27]-after 9 Apr 1331). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

Chapter 7. DUKES of LIEGNITZ [LEGNICA] 1278-1675 (PIAST)

The city of Legnica [Liegnitz] is situated on the Olna river, a tributary of the Oder which it joins upstream from Wrocław [Breslau]. Located in the central part of Lower Silesia, the duchy of Liegnitz formed part of the territories allocated to Boleslaw II Duke of Lower Silesia at the partition agreed with his brothers in the mid-1240s. When Boleslaw died in 1278, Liegnitz was inherited by his eldest son Duke Heinrich V. It was united with the duchy of Breslau in 1290 when the townspeople of Wrocław preferred Heinrich V to Heinrich Duke of Glogau, the nominated successor of Heinrich IV "Probus" Duke of Breslau. After Heinrich V’s son and successor, Duke Boleslaw III, reached the age of majority he was obliged to transfer Breslau to his younger brother Heinrich VI. Both brothers swore allegiance to Jan King of Bohemia after he invaded Silesia in 1327. Liegnitz survived as an autonomous duchy under Bohemian and later Austrian suzerainty until the death aged 15 in 1675 of Duke Georg Wilhelm when it passed under Habsburg direct rule. Along with most of Silesia, Liegnitz was occupied by Prussia during the War of Austrian Succession and was incorporated into the kingdom of Prussia in 1763.

A. DUKES of LIEGNITZ [LEGNICA] 1278-1409

HEINRICH von Liegnitz, son of BOLESLAW Duke of Lower Silesia, Liegnitz and Glogau & his first wife Hedwig von Anhalt ([1248]-22 Feb 1296). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "unus puerulus obit, alter Henricus Legniczensis, tercius Bolko, quartus Bernhardus" as the four sons of "Boleslaus Calvus" & his first wife[304]. The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricus Legnicensis pinguis sive ventrosus dictus, Bolko Swidenicensis et in Furstenberg, et Bernhardus…agilis" as the three surviving sons of "Boleslaus calvus"[305]. “Boleslaus...dux Zlesie...cum filio nro Heynrico” confirmed donations made to “conventus de Heynrichow ordinis cisterciensis” made by “Heynricum avum nrum et patrum nrum...Heynricum felicis memorie” by charter dated 14 Apr 1263[306]. He succeeded in 1278 as HEINRICH V "the Fat" Duke of Liegnitz. The Chronica principum Polonie records "Heinricus dux Legnicensis" as "homo magne stature, corpulentus adeo", adding that he was called “dux ventrosus”[307]. He succeeded as Duke of Breslau in 1290 after the townspeople refused to accept as their ruler Heinrich Duke of Glogau, the nominated successor of Heinrich IV "Probus" Duke of Breslau, Prince of Krakow[308]. The Notæ Sanctæ Claræ records the death "1296 in festo kathedre sancti Petri apostolic" of "Heinricus V Slezie dux"[309].

m ([1273/79]) ELŹBIETA of Poland, daughter of BOLESŁAW "Poboźny/the Pious" Prince of Kalisch, Gnesen and Greater Poland & his wife Jolán [Helena] of Hungary ([1261/63]-28 Sep 1304). The Annales Cracovienses Compilati record the birth in 1263 of "Elizabet filia ducis Bolezlai ducis maioris Polonie"[310]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Heinricus dux Legnicensis" married "Kalisiensis ducis filiam"[311]. The Annales Wratislavienses record the death in 1304 of "Elizabeth ducissa Silesie, mater filiorum Henrici V"[312]. “Henricus filius Henrici quinti ducis Zlezie” was born 1294 “in crastino Gertrudis Virginis” and “domina Elyzabeth ducissa Slezie mater eorum” died 1304 “in vigilia S. Michaelis”[313]. The Notæ Sanctæ Claræ records the death "1300 in festo sancti Ieronimi" [date contradicts other sources] of "Elizabeth consors ducis Henrici V"[314].

Heinrich V & his wife had eight children:

1. HEDWIG ([1277/82]-[22 Mar 1343/6 Dec 1347]). Pulcawa's Bohemian Chronicle records the marriage of "Ottonem", son of "Otto longus filius Ottonis tercii", and "Henrici ducis Wratislauie filiam"[315]. She became a nun at St Klara, Breslau after her husband died[316]. Heinrich VI Duke of Breslau permitted Breslau St Clara to construct “molendina in Moslitz”, with the consent of “sororum nrarum Anne abbatisse, Hedwigis relicte olim marchionisse, et Elisabeth sanctimonialium monasterii S. Clare apud Wratislaw”, by charter dated 1316[317]. m ([1289/95]) OTTO of Brandenburg, son of OTTO V Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Judith von Henneberg ([1277/82]-after 13 Sep 1295, bur Kloster Lehnin).

2. EUPHEMIA ([1278/83]-Jun 1347). Pope Nicholas IV issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Alberti marchionis Brandenburgensis...Iohannes natus eiusdem Alberti” and “Eufemia nata...Henrici ducis Slesie”, despite 4^o consanguinity, dated 4 Jan 1292[318]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. As a widow, she was lady of Wangen, Sansheim and Castelruth[319]. Betrothed (Papal dispensation 4 Jan 1292) to JOHANN von Brandenburg, son of ALBRECHT III Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Mathilde of Denmark ([1270/77]-[9 Oct 1298/25 Nov 1299], bur Kloster Lehnin). m ([1300]) OTTO von Görz Duke of Carinthia, son of MEINHARD II Duke of Carinthia [MEINHARD IV Graf von Görz und Tirol] & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern (-25 May 1310).

3. ANNA (1284-2/3 Oct 1343). The Notæ Sanctæ Claræ names "Anna soror Henrici ultimi ducis [=ducis sexti]" as sixth abbess of St Clara[320]. Abbess of St Clara in Breslau. Heinrich VI Duke of Breslau permitted Breslau St Clara to construct “molendina in Moslitz”, with the consent of “sororum nrarum Anne abbatisse, Hedwigis relicte olim marchionisse, et Elisabeth sanctimonialium monasterii S. Clare apud Wratislaw”, by charter dated 1316[321].

4. ELISABETH ([1280/90]-Nov [1357/58]). Heinrich VI Duke of Breslau permitted Breslau St Clara to construct “molendina in Moslitz”, with the consent of “sororum nrarum Anne abbatisse, Hedwigis relicte olim marchionisse, et Elisabeth sanctimonialium monasterii S. Clare apud Wratislaw”, by charter dated 1316[322]. Nun at St Clara in Breslau.

5. HELENA ([1285/93]-after 1299). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Nun at St Clara in Gnesen. Dluglossus named “Hedwigim...desponsata...marchioni Brandenburgensis, quo mortuo intravit Ordinem S. Claræ in Wratislavia, Anna in virginitate mortuam, Helenam et Elisabeth ordinem S. Claræ in Gnesna, et Eufemiam alias Offkam Othoni March. Carinthiæ desponsatam” as the daughters of Duke Heinrich V[323].

6. BOLESLAW von Liegnitz (23 Sep 1291-21 Apr 1352, bur Lüben). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Boleslaum, Heinricum et Wladislaum" as the three sons of "Heinricus quintus dux Wratislaviensis"[324]. He succeeded as BOLESLAW III Duke of Breslau, Liegnitz and Brieg.

- see below.

7. HEINRICH von Liegnitz (18 Mar 1294-24 Nov 1335). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Boleslaum, Heinricum et Wladislaum" as the three sons of "Heinricus quintus dux Wratislaviensis"[325]. The Annales Wratislavienses record the birth in 1294 of "Heinricus filius Heinrici V ducis Slesie"[326]. “Henricus filius Henrici quinti ducis Zlezie” was born 1294 “in crastino Gertrudis Virginis” while his father was imprisoned by “ducis Glogovie”[327]. He succeeded as HEINRICH VI Duke of Breslau. “Dmnis Blezlao Henrico et Vladislao Slesie ducibus dmnisque Wratislavie et Legnicz” swore allegiance to Jan King of Bohemia for “terram Oppavie” by charter dated 15 Jun 1311[328]. Ludwig IV King of Germany [Duke of Bavaria] confirmed “civitatem Vratislaviensem oppidum Newenmark et castrum Uras” to “Heinrici ducis Vratisalvie principis et affinis nostri”, as previously held by “quondam Heinricus dux Vratislaviensis”, and to “Elisabet, Offamie et Margarethæ ipsius filiabus”, without prejudice to “Anna dicta ducis nunc conthoralis...usufructum” if she survived her husband, by charter dated 20 Apr 1324[329]. After Jan King of Bohemia invaded Silesia in early 1327, Duke Heinrich transferred his duchy to Bohemian suzerainty in Prague in Mar 1327[330]. m (1310, dispensation Avignon 28 May 1322) as her second husband, ANNA of Austria, widow of HERMANN II Markgraf von Brandenburg, daughter of ALBRECHT I Duke of Austria [later King of Germany] & his wife Elisabeth von Görz-Tirol ([1275/80]-Breslau 19 Mar 1327, bur Breslau, Kloster St Anna/St Klara). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Heinrico" married "filia ducis Austrie, que fuit quondam marchionissa Brandenburgensis"[331]. Pulcawa's Bohemian Chronicle records the marriage of "Hermannus filius Ottonis longi" and "filiam Alberti Regis Romanorum, quondam ducis Austrie"[332]. "Anna…ducissa Slesie dominaque Wratizlauensis et Arneborch" donated property to Kloster Arendsee by charter dated 31 May 1320[333]. Ludwig IV King of Germany [Duke of Bavaria] confirmed “civitatem Vratislaviensem oppidum Newenmark et castrum Uras” to “Heinrici ducis Vratisalvie principis et affinis nostri”, as previously held by “quondam Heinricus dux Vratislaviensis”, and to “Elisabet, Offamie et Margarethæ ipsius filiabus”, without prejudice to “Anna dicta ducis nunc conthoralis...usufructum” if she survived her husband, by charter dated 20 Apr 1324[334]. The Necrologium Austriacum records "Annam ducissam Bratislavie" third in its list of the daughters of King Albrecht & his wife, after "Agnetam reginam Ungarie, Elyzabet ducissam Lotharingie"[335]. This appears improbable assuming that the birth date of her sister Agnes is correct as shown below. Considering that Anna gave birth to her fourth child by her first marriage in 1302, it is unlikely that she could have been born after 1282. If this is correct, it is probable that she was her parents' first child. Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Henrico duci Slesie et domino Wratislavie ac...Anne uxori eius”, despite their ignorance of the 4^o consanguinity with “quondam Hermannus marchio Brandenburgensis prior vir tuus”, at the request of “Fredericum ducem Austrie in Romanum Regem electum, fratrem tui Anne”, dated 28 May 1322[336]. The necrology of Königsfelden records the death "XIV Kal Apr" of "Anna ducissa Preslavie, soror dominarum duci Austrie et Styrie"[337]. Heinrich VI & his wife had three children:

a) EUPHEMIA [Ofka] (-[Feb or 21 Mar] after 1384). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Ofkam…secundam Elisabeth…terciam Gritam" as the three daughters of Heinrich and his wife "filia ducis Austrie, que fuit quondam marchionissa Brandenburgensis", adding that Ofka married "Bolkoni duci Falkenbergensi que vivit adhuc"[338]. Ludwig IV King of Germany [Duke of Bavaria] confirmed “civitatem Vratislaviensem oppidum Newenmark et castrum Uras” to “Heinrici ducis Vratisalvie principis et affinis nostri”, as previously held by “quondam Heinricus dux Vratislaviensis”, and to “Elisabet, Offamie et Margarethæ ipsius filiabus”, without prejudice to “Anna dicta ducis nunc conthoralis...usufructum” if she survived her husband, by charter dated 20 Apr 1324[339]. Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Henrici ducis Slesie et domini Wratislavie et...Anne uxoris sue...Eufemia predictorum Henrici et Anne filia” and “Boleslaus dux Valkenbergensis Vratislaviensis diocesis”, despite their 4^o consanguinity, dated 29 Oct 1325[340]. m ([1324/25], Papal dispensation 29 Oct 1325) BOLESLAW I Duke of Falkenberg, son of BOLESLAW I Duke of Oppeln & his wife Agnes --- ([1290/95]-[1362/65]).

b) ELISABETH (-[20 Feb] 1328). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Ofkam…secundam Elisabeth…terciam Gritam" as the three daughters of Heinrich and his wife "filia ducis Austrie, que fuit quondam marchionissa Brandenburgensis", adding that Elisabeth married "Conrado duci Olsniacensi" but died childless[341]. Ludwig IV King of Germany [Duke of Bavaria] confirmed “civitatem Vratislaviensem oppidum Newenmark et castrum Uras” to “Heinrici ducis Vratisalvie principis et affinis nostri”, as previously held by “quondam Heinricus dux Vratislaviensis”, and to “Elisabet, Offamie et Margarethæ ipsius filiabus”, without prejudice to “Anna dicta ducis nunc conthoralis...usufructum” if she survived her husband, by charter dated 20 Apr 1324[342]. The Notæ Sanctæ Claræ records the death "1328 sepulta…in die kathedra sancti Petri" of "Elizabeth filia domini Henrici sexti ducis et consors domini Conradi ducis Olsnitz"[343]. m (Papal dispensation 27 May 1322) as his first wife, KONRAD I Duke of Oels, son of HEINRICH I Duke of Glogau & his wife Mechtild von Braunschweig-Lüneburg ([1290/94]-22/27 Dec 1366).

c) MARGARETA (-8 Mar 1378). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Ofkam…secundam Elisabeth…terciam Gritam" as the three daughters of Heinrich and his wife "filia ducis Austrie, que fuit quondam marchionissa Brandenburgensis", adding that Grita became a nun at "monasterii sancte Clare Wratislavie" and was later made abbess[344]. Ludwig IV King of Germany [Duke of Bavaria] confirmed “civitatem Vratislaviensem oppidum Newenmark et castrum Uras” to “Heinrici ducis Vratisalvie principis et affinis nostri”, as previously held by “quondam Heinricus dux Vratislaviensis”, and to “Elisabet, Offamie et Margarethæ ipsius filiabus”, without prejudice to “Anna dicta ducis nunc conthoralis...usufructum” if she survived her husband, by charter dated 20 Apr 1324[345]. The Notæ Sanctæ Claræ names "Margarethe filia Henrici ducis sexti" as fifth abbess of St Clara, specifying that she died "1378 VIII Id Mar"[346]. Abbess of St Clara in Breslau 1359.

8. WLADISLAW of Liegnitz (posthumously 6 Jun 1296-13 Jan after 1352). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Boleslaum, Heinricum et Wladislaum" as the three sons of "Heinricus quintus dux Wratislaviensis"[347]. The Annales Wratislavienses record the birth in 1296 of "Wlodislaus filius Heinrici V ducis Slezie", specifying his posthumous birth[348]. “Wladizlaus filius Henrici quinti ducis Zlezie” was born 1296 “in crastino S. Bonifacii” after his father had died[349]. “Dmnis Blezlao Henrico et Vladislao Slesie ducibus dmnisque Wratislavie et Legnicz” swore allegiance to Jan King of Bohemia for “terram Oppavie” by charter dated 15 Jun 1311[350]. Canon at Breslau 1314, resigned [1325/29]. m (after 13 Aug 1325, divorced before 13 Jan 1329) ANNA of Mazovia, daughter of BOLESŁAW II Prince of Mazovia & his first wife Zofia [Gaudemantè] of Lithuania .

BOLESLAW von Liegnitz, son of HEINRICH V "the Fat" Duke of Liegnitz [Piast] & his wife Elźbieta of Poland [Piast] (23 Sep 1291-21 Apr 1352, bur Lüben). The Annales Wratislavienses record the birth "1291 in crastino sancti Mauricii" of "Boleslaus filius Heinrici V ducis Slezie"[351]. He succeeded as BOLESLAW III Duke of Breslau, Liegnitz and Brieg. “Dmnis Blezlao Henrico et Vladislao Slesie ducibus dmnisque Wratislavie et Legnicz” swore allegiance to Jan King of Bohemia for “terram Oppavie” by charter dated 15 Jun 1311[352]. Following Jan King of Bohemia's invasion of Silesia in early 1327, Duke Boleslaw swore allegiance to Bohemia at Breslau in [20 Apr/10 May] 1329[353]. “Bolko...dux Slesie dmnus in Monstirberg” sold “civitatem...Strelin” to Jan King of Bohemia by charter dated late Dec 1337, witnessed by “...dmnus Bolezlaus dux Slesie dmnus Legniczensis...patruus nr”[354]. “Bolezaus...dux Sileziæ et dominus Legniczensis et...Wencezlaus dominus Namslaviensis nec non...Ludwigus...duces ibidem præfati, ducis Boleslai filii” sold “civitatem nostram Beroldistat cum castro adjacenti” which “nostro patruo duci Conrado et domino Olnicensi habuit” by charter dated 21 Jan 1339[355]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "1352 XI Kal Mai" of "Bolezlaus Legenitzensis et Brigensis, filius Heynrici Ventrosi", specifying that he was buried in Lüben[356].

m firstly ([1308/10]) MARGARETA of Bohemia, daughter of WENZEL II King of Bohemia & his first wife Guta of Austria [Habsburg] ([Apr/May] 1296-Grez 7 Apr 1322, bur Prague Königsaal). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Boleslao" married "dominam Margaretham, filiam domini Wenceslai regis Bohemie"[357]. The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records that the wives of "Regis…Iohannis et Ducis Wratislauiensis" were "Regis Wencezslai filiæ"[358]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "1322 VI Id Apr" of "Margaretha uxor eius [=Bolezlai] filia Wenzesclai regis Bohemie"[359]. The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the death "in Grecz" in 1322 of "Domina Margaretha, Wencezslai Sexti Regis Boemiæ filia" and "Boleslai Ducis Sleziæ de Lignycz" and her burial "in Aula Regia"[360]. The Chronicon Aulæ Regiæ records the death “VI Id Apr...in Gretz puerpera” 1322 of “domina Margaretha, Wenceslai regis sexti Bohemiæ filia, Boleslai ducis Silesiæ de Legniz uxor” and her burial “in Aula Regia fundatione paterna” with “Nicolao filio suo”[361].

m secondly (1326) KATHARINA Šubić, daughter of MLADEN [II] Šubić & his wife --- (-[18 Feb/5 Mar] 1358). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Katherina…de Crawacia nata et de Ungaria ducta" as second wife of Boleslaw[362]. The primary source which confirms her parentage more precisely has not yet been identified.

Boleslaw & his first wife had three children:

1. WENZEL ([1310/18]-2 Jun 1364). The Chronica principum Polonie names "dux Wenceslaus filius senior" of Boleslaw[363]. “Bolezaus...dux Sileziæ et dominus Legniczensis et...Wencezlaus dominus Namslaviensis nec non...Ludwigus...duces ibidem præfati, ducis Boleslai filii” sold “civitatem nostram Beroldistat cum castro adjacenti” which “nostro patruo duci Conrado et domino Olnicensi habuit” by charter dated 21 Jan 1339[364]. He succeeded his father in 1352 as WENZEL I Duke of Liegnitz. Emperor Karl IV King of Bohemia confirmed the agreement between “Conradum Olesnicensis” and “Przemislaus Teschnensis...duces, principes nostri” which allotted property to “filiarum quondam Bolkonis junioris ducis Bythumiensis et Kozlensis”, reserving the dower of “Lukardi ducisse Bythumiensi”, with the consent of “Wenczeslaus et Ludwicus duces Lignicenses consanguinei et principes nostri”, by charter dated 20 Jun 1359[365]. m ([1338/40]) ANNA von Teschen, daughter of KASIMIR I Duke of Teschen [Piast] & his wife Euphemia of Mazovia [Piast] ([1325]-1367). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Wenceslaus" married "ducis Theschnensis…filiam"[366]. Duke Wenzel donated property to “cœnobium Grissoviense”, with the consent of “conthoralis nostre domine Anne ducisse Legnicensis nec non filiorum nostrorum...Ruperti, Wenczeslai, Bolezlai et Heynricum”, by charter dated 4 Apr 1362[367]. Wenzel & his wife had five children:

a) RUPRECHT ([1340/47]-1409 before 12 Jan). The Chronica principum Polonie names "ducem Rupertum, modernum Legnicensem dominum, Wenceslaum quondam Lubucensem nunc vero Wratislaviensum episcopus, Boleslaum et Heinricum decanum et canonicum Wratislavensem, postea episcopum Wratislavensem, nec non Hedwigim filiam" as the children of "dux Wenceslausi"[368]. He succeeded his father in 1364 as RUPRECHT I Duke of Liegnitz. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records that "domina Hedwigis ducissa Saganensis…cum domino Wenczeslao episcopo Wratislaviensi et duce Ruperto Legnitczensi, quorum soror fuit" founded "in ecclesia collegiata dominici…in Legnitcz"[369]. “Rupertus...Slesie dux ac dominus Legnicensis” sold “allodium...Sanckau” to “religiosa domina Catharina ducissa Bregensis ac abbatissa...monasterii Trebnicensis”, for “nobis et...Wenzeslao, Boleslao et Henrico fratribus nris...in Lignitz”, by charter dated 1393[370]. An indication of the relative status of the Silesian princes is provided by a charter dated Jul 1401 which records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[371]. m (before 10 Feb 1372) as her second husband, HEDWIG von Glogau, widow of KAZIMIERZ III "Wielki/the Great" King of Poland, daughter of HEINRICH V Duke of Glogau and Sagan [Piast] & his wife Anna of Mazovia [Piast] ([before 1350]-27 Mar 1390). Ruprecht I & his wife had two children:

i) BARBARA ([1372/84]-Trebitz 9 May 1436, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Roleff, Hertoghen Wenslaus sone to Sassen, eyn Korforste des Romeschen Rikes” married “Barbaram, des Hertoghen dochter van Legenitze unde van dem Bryge”[372]. An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 1435 “feria post Cantate” of “Barbara ducissa Lignicensis et Brigensis coniunx Rodolphi III ducis Saxon. electoris”[373]. m (6 Mar 1396) as his second wife, RUDOLF III Herzog zu Sachsen, Elector, son of WENZEL Herzog zu Sachsen, Elector & his wife Cecilia di Carrara (-9 Jun 1419, bur Wittenberg).

ii) AGNES (before 1385-after 7 Jul 1411). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Nun at Breslau.

b) WENZEL (1348-30 Dec 1419). The Chronica principum Polonie names "ducem Rupertum, modernum Legnicensem dominum, Wenceslaum quondam Lubucensem nunc vero Wratislaviensum episcopus, Boleslaum et Heinricum decanum et canonicum Wratislavensem, postea episcopum Wratislavensem, nec non Hedwigim filiam" as the children of "dux Wenceslausi"[374]. Canon at Breslau 1363. Bishop of Breslau 1382. “Rupertus...Slesie dux ac dominus Legnicensis” sold “allodium...Sanckau” to “religiosa domina Catharina ducissa Bregensis ac abbatissa...monasterii Trebnicensis”, for “nobis et...Wenzeslao, Boleslao et Henrico fratribus nris...in Lignitz”, by charter dated 1393[375]. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records that "domina Hedwigis ducissa Saganensis…cum domino Wenczeslao episcopo Wratislaviensi et duce Ruperto Legnitczensi, quorum soror fuit" founded "in ecclesia collegiata dominici…in Legnitcz"[376]. He resigned as bishop in 1417.

c) BOLESLAW ([1349/52]-3/4 Mar 1394). The Chronica principum Polonie names "ducem Rupertum, modernum Legnicensem dominum, Wenceslaum quondam Lubucensem nunc vero Wratislaviensum episcopus, Boleslaum et Heinricum decanum et canonicum Wratislavensem, postea episcopum Wratislavensem, nec non Hedwigim filiam" as the children of "dux Wenceslausi"[377]. “Rupertus...Slesie dux ac dominus Legnicensis” sold “allodium...Sanckau” to “religiosa domina Catharina ducissa Bregensis ac abbatissa...monasterii Trebnicensis”, for “nobis et...Wenzeslao, Boleslao et Henrico fratribus nris...in Lignitz”, by charter dated 1393[378].

d) HEDWIG ([1351/57]-1 Aug 1409, bur Liegnitz). The Chronica principum Polonie names "ducem Rupertum, modernum Legnicensem dominum, Wenceslaum quondam Lubucensem nunc vero Wratislaviensum episcopus, Boleslaum et Heinricum decanum et canonicum Wratislavensem, postea episcopum Wratislavensem, nec non Hedwigim filiam" as the children of "dux Wenceslausi", adding that Hedwig married "seniori duci Heinrico Saganensi moderno"[379]. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records that "domina Hedwigis ducissa Saganensis…cum domino Wenczeslao episcopo Wratislaviensi et duce Ruperto Legnitczensi, quorum soror fuit" founded "in ecclesia collegiata dominici…in Legnitcz"[380]. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records the death in 1409 of "domina Hedwigis ducissa Saganensis, relicta ducis Hinrici senioris" and her burial "in ecclesia collegiata dominici…in Legnitcz"[381]. m ([1371/72]) HEINRICH IV Duke of Sagan, son of HEINRICH III Duke of Glogau and Sagan [Piast] & his wife Anna of Mazovia [Piast] (before 1345-Heinzendorf 5 Dec 1393).

e) HEINRICH ([1355]-12 Dec 1398). The Chronica principum Polonie names "ducem Rupertum, modernum Legnicensem dominum, Wenceslaum quondam Lubucensem nunc vero Wratislaviensum episcopus, Boleslaum et Heinricum decanum et canonicum Wratislavensem, postea episcopum Wratislavensem, nec non Hedwigim filiam" as the children of "dux Wenceslausi"[382]. Canon at Breslau 1378. Administrator of the Bishopric of Breslau 1379. Bishop of Wlocławek [Leslau] 1389. “Rupertus...Slesie dux ac dominus Legnicensis” sold “allodium...Sanckau” to “religiosa domina Catharina ducissa Bregensis ac abbatissa...monasterii Trebnicensis”, for “nobis et...Wenzeslao, Boleslao et Henrico fratribus nris...in Lignitz”, by charter dated 1393[383].

2. LUDWIG ([1313/21]-[6/23] Dec 1398). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Ludwicus" was "dux Wenceslaus…fratri"[384]. He succeeded as LUDWIG I Duke of Brieg.

- DUKES of LÜBEN and BRIEG.

3. NIKOLAUS ([Mar/6 Apr] 1322-[6/7] Apr 1322, bur Prague Königsaal). The Chronicon Aulæ Regiæ records the death “VI Id Apr...in Gretz puerpera” 1322 of “domina Margaretha, Wenceslai regis sexti Bohemiæ filia, Boleslai ducis Silesiæ de Legniz uxor” and her burial “in Aula Regia fundatione paterna” with “Nicolao filio suo”[385].

B. DUKES of LIEGNITZ [LEGNICA] 1453-1596

FRIEDRICH von Lüben, son of JOHANN II Duke of Lüben [Piast] & his wife Hedwig von Brieg [Piast] (3 May 1446-9 May 1488). He succeeded his father in 1453 as FRIEDRICH I Duke of Liegnitz and Brieg. The Annales Wratislavienses record the death in 1488 of "dominus Fridricus Lignicensis atque Bregensis dux"[386].

m (5 Nov 1474, contract 23 Apr 1476) LUDMILLA von Münsterberg, daughter of JIŘI Podiebrad King of Bohemia, Duke of Münsterberg & his second wife Johanna von Rožmital zu Blatna (16 Oct 1456-20 Jan 1503). The Annales Wratislavienses record that "dominus Fridricus Lignicensis atque Bregensis dux" married “filia Gerczikonis”[387]. The marriage contract between “Victorin, Heinrich der Eltere und Heinrich der Jüngere Hyncko genannt Gebrüdere...Herczoge czu Münsterberg und Graven czu Glacz...Frawen Ludomilla unsrere...Schwester” and “Fridrichen Herczoge czu Liegnitz Ohlaw und Nymptz” is dated 23 Apr 1476[388].

Friedrich I & his wife had three children:

1. JOHANN (1477-6 Mar 1495). The Annales Wratislavienses name “Iohannem...Fridericum et Georgium” as three sons of "dominus Fridricus Lignicensis atque Bregensis dux" and his wife “filia Gerczikonis”, adding that Johann died “in teneris annis”[389].

2. FRIEDRICH von Lüben (14 Feb 1480-17/18 Sep 1547). The Annales Wratislavienses name “Iohannem...Fridericum et Georgium” as three sons of "dominus Fridricus Lignicensis atque Bregensis dux" and his wife “filia Gerczikonis”[390]. He succeeded as FRIEDRICH II Duke of Liegnitz.

- see below.

3. GEORG von Lüben ([1481/83]-30 Aug 1521). The Annales Wratislavienses name “Iohannem...Fridericum et Georgium” as three sons of "dominus Fridricus Lignicensis atque Bregensis dux" and his wife “filia Gerczikonis”[391]. He succeeded as GEORG I Duke of Brieg. Ladislaus II King of Bohemia granted specified properties in Liegnitz and Brieg to “Friedrichen und Georg Gebrüderen Herczogen czu Lignicz und Brieg unsern Oheimben” by charter dated 1502, a second similar charter dated 1505 naming “ihr Vater Hertzog Fridrich”[392]. m (9 Jun 1516) ANNA von Pommern, daughter of BOGISLAW X Duke of Pomerania & his second wife Anna of Poland [Piast] ([1492]-25 Apr 1550).

FRIEDRICH von Brieg, son of JOHANN II Duke of Lüben [Piast] & his wife Hedwig von Brieg [Piast] (14 Feb 1480-17/18 Sep 1547). The Annales Wratislavienses name “Iohannem...Fridericum et Georgium” as three sons of "dominus Fridricus Lignicensis atque Bregensis dux" and his wife “filia Gerczikonis”[393]. He succeeded as FRIEDRICH II Duke of Liegnitz. Ladislaus II King of Bohemia granted specified properties in Liegnitz and Brieg to “Friedrichen und Georg Gebrüderen Herczogen czu Lignicz und Brieg unsern Oheimben” by charter dated 1502, a second similar charter dated 1505 naming “ihr Vater Hertzog Fridrich”[394].

m firstly (26 Nov 1515) ELZBIETA of Poland, daughter of KAZIMIERZ IV King of Poland & his wife Elisabeth Adss of Austria (13 Nov 1482-16 Feb 1517).

m secondly (1519) SOPHIE von Brandenburg-Ansbach, daughter of FRIEDRICH V Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach & his wife Zofia of Poland (Ansbach 10 Mar 1485-14 May 1537, bur Liegnitz St Johannes).

Friedrich II & his first wife had one child:

1. HEDWIG ([1516/2 Feb 1517]-2 Feb 1517).

Friedrich II & his second wife had three children: :

2. FRIEDRICH von Liegnitz (22 Feb 1520-15 Dec 1570). He succeeded his father in 1547 as FRIEDRICH III Duke of Liegnitz. m (Liegnitz 3 Mar 1538) KATHARINA von Mecklenburg, daughter of HEINRICH V "der Friedfertige" Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin in Schwerin & his second wife Helene Pfalzgräfin (14 Apr 1518-17 Nov 1581, bur Liegnitz St Johannis). Friedrich III & his wife had six children:

a) HEINRICH von Liegnitz (23 Feb 1539-3 Mar 1588). He succeeded his father in 1570 as HEINRICH XI joint Duke of Liegnitz, jointly with his brother. m (11 Nov 1560) SOPHIE von Brandenburg-Ansbach, daughter of GEORG "der Fromme" Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach & his third wife Aemilia von Sachsen (23 Jan 1535-Liegnitz 22 Feb 1587, bur Liegnitz). Heinrich XI & his wife had six children:

i) KATHARINA SOPHIE (7 Aug 1561-Schloß Friedrichsburg 10 May 1608, bur Lauingen Stadtkirche). m (Ansbach 26 Feb 1587) FRIEDRICH Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken-Veldenz, son of WOLFGANG Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken & his wife Anna von Hessen (Meisenheim 11 Aug 1557-Schloß Friedrichsburg bei Vohenstrauß 17 Dec 1597, bur Lauingen St Martin).

ii) ANNA MARIA (3 Jan 1563-Amberg 28 Feb 1620).

iii) EMILIA (26 Dec 1563-Friedrichsburg 9 Nov 1618).

iv) son (b and d before 16 Jan 1565).

v) GEORG FRIEDRICH (11 Sep 1565-14 Nov 1565).

vi) SABINA BARBARA (8 Jan 1571-14 Dec 1572).

b) SOPHIE (15 Apr 1541-7/8 Aug 1542).

c) KATHARINA (7 Feb [1540/45]-3 Sep 1569). m (28 Dec 1563) FRIEDRICH KASIMIR Duke of Teschen, son of WENZEL III Duke of Teschen [Piast] & his first wife Maria von Pernstein ([1541/42]-4 May 1571).

d) FRIEDRICH (29 Aug 1543-before 1551).

e) HELENA ([Mar 1545/1547]-16 Sep 1583). m (1568) SIEGMUND von Kurzbach Freiherr von Trachenberg (-31 Dec 1579).

f) FRIEDRICH von Liegnitz (20 Apr 1552-Liegnitz 27 Mar/6 Apr 1596). He succeeded his father in 1570 as FRIEDRICH IV joint Duke of Liegnitz, jointly with his brother until the latter's death in 1588. m firstly (20 Jan 1587) MARIA SIDONIA von Teschen, daughter of WENZEL III Duke of Teschen & his second wife Maria Sidonia von Sachsen-Lauenburg (10 May 1572-3 Oct 1587). m secondly (Sonderburg 3/4 Dec 1589) DOROTHEA von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, daughter of JOHAN of Denmark Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg & his first wife Elisabeth Herzogin von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (16/26 Oct 1569-Liegnitz 5 Aug 1593, bur Liegnitz). m thirdly (24 Oct 1594) as her second husband, ANNA von Württemberg, widow of JOHANN GEORG Duke of Wohlau, daughter of CHRISTOPH Herzog von Württemberg-Montbéliard & his wife Anna Maria von Brandenburg (Stuttgart 12 Jun 1561-Haynau 7 Jul 1616, bur Haynau St Marien). Friedrich IV & his first wife had one child:

i) MARIA KATHARINA (17 Oct 1587-20 Oct 1587).

Friedrich IV & his second wife had two children:

ii) son (b and d 25 May 1592).

iii) son (b and d 5 Jul 1593).

3. GEORG von Liegnitz (18 Jul 1523-7 May 1586). He succeeded in 1547 as GEORG II Duke of Brieg.

- DUKES of BRIEG, DUKES of LIEGNITZ.

4. SOPHIE von Liegnitz ([1525/26]-Berlin 27 Jan/6 Feb 1546). m (Küstrin 15 Feb 1545) as his first wife, JOHANN GEORG Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of JOACHIM II Elector of Brandenburg & his first wife Magdalene von Sachsen (11 Sep 1525-Berlin 18 Jan 1598, bur Berlin Cathedral). He succeeded his father in 1571 as JOHANN GEORG "Oeconomus" Elector of Brandenburg.

C. DUKES of BRIEG [BRZEG], DUKES of LIEGNITZ [LEGNICA] 1596-1675

GEORG von Liegnitz, son of FRIEDRICH II Duke of Liegnitz & his second wife Sophie von Brandenburg-Ansbach (18 Jul 1523-7 May 1586). He converted to Lutheranism in 1534[395]. He succeeded in 1547 as GEORG II Duke of Brieg.

m (Berlin 15 Feb 1545) BARBARA von Brandenburg, daughter of JOACHIM I Elector of Brandenburg & his first wife Magdalene von Sachsen (10 Aug 1527-Brieg 2/12 Jan 1595, bur Brieg Schloßkirche).

Georg II & his wife had seven children:

1. BARBARA (24 Sep 1548-1 Oct 1565).

2. JOACHIM FRIEDRICH von Brieg (29 Sep 1550-Brieg 25 Mar 1602, bur Brieg). He succeeded his father in 1586 as JOACHIM FRIEDRICH Duke of Brieg, and his nephew in 1596 as Duke of Liegnitz. m (Brieg 19 May 1577) ANNA MARIA von Anhalt, daughter of JOACHIM ERNST Fürst von Anhalt in Zerbst, Bernburg, Köthen und Dessau & his first wife Agnes von Barby (Zerbst 13 Jun 1561-Brieg 14 Nov 1605, bur Brieg). Joachim Friedrich & his wife had six children:

a) GEORG ERNST (29 Aug 1589-6 Sep 1589).

b) JOHANN CHRISTIAN von Brieg (28 Aug 1591-25 Dec 1639). He succeeded his father in 1602 as JOHANN CHRISTIAN Duke of Brieg.

- see below.

c) BARBARA AGNES (24 Feb 1583-24 Jul 1631). m (18 Oct 1620) HANS ULRICH Schaffgotsch von Kynast und Greiffenstein, son of --- (-beheaded Regensburg 23 Jul 1635).

d) GEORG RUDOLF von Brieg (22 Jan 1595-Breslau 14/24 Jan 1653, bur Liegnitz St Johannes). He succeeded his father in 1602 as GEORG RUDOLF Duke of Liegnitz. m firstly (27 Oct or 4 Nov 1614) SOPHIE ELISABETH Pss von Anhalt-Dessau, daughter of JOHANN GEORG I Fürst von Anhalt-Dessau & his first wife Dorothea Gräfin zu Mansfeld (Dessau 10 Feb 1589-Liegnitz 30 Jan/9 Feb 1622, bur Liegnitz Hedwigsgruft). m secondly (25 Nov 1624) ELISABETH MAGDALENA von Münsterberg-Oels, daughter of KARL II Duke of Münsterberg-Oels in Bernstadt [Podiebrad] & his second wife Elisabeth Magdalena von Brieg [Piast] (29 May 1599-4 Nov 1631, bur Liegnitz).

e) ANNA MARIA (after 16 Dec 1596-before 25 Mar 1602).

f) MARIA SOPHIA (26 Apr 1601-26 Oct 1654).

3. JOHANN GEORG von Brieg (17 Jun 1552-Wohlay 6 Jul 1592). He succeeded as JOHANN GEORG Duke of Wohlau. m (Brieg 16 Sep 1582) as her first husband, ANNA von Württemberg, daughter of CHRISTOPH Herzog von Württemberg-Montbéliard & his wife Anna Maria von Brandenburg (Stuttgart 12 Jun 1561-Haynau 7 Jul 1616, bur Haynau St Marien). She married secondly (24 Oct 1594) as his third wife, Friedrich IV Duke of Liegnitz [Piast]. Johann Georg & his wife had two children:

a) GEORG CHRISTOPH (13 May 1583-10 May 1584).

b) BARBARA (18 Feb 1586-16 Apr 1586).

4. SOPHIE (19 Nov 1556-24 Aug 1594).

5. MAGDALENA (14 Oct 1560-2/3 Feb 1562).

6. daughter (b and d 1561).

7. ELISABETH MAGDALENA (17 Nov 1562-1 Feb 1630, bur Oels). m (contract 30 Sep 1585, 1 Oct 1585) as his second wife, KARL II Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, son of HEINRICH II Duke of Münsterberg-Oels [Podiebrad] & his wife Margareta von Mecklenburg-Schwerin (15 Apr 1545-28 Jan 1617, bur Oels).

JOHANN CHRISTIAN von Brieg, son of JOACHIM FRIEDRICH Duke of Brieg [Piast] & his wife Anna Maria von Anhalt (28 Aug 1591-25 Dec 1639). He succeeded his father in 1602 as JOHANN CHRISTIAN Duke of Brieg.

m firstly (12 Dec 1610) DOROTHEA SIBYLLE von Brandenburg, daughter of JOHANN GEORG Elector of Brandenburg & his third wife Elisabeth von Anhalt-Zerbst (Berlin 19/29 Oct 1590-Brieg 19 Mar 1625, bur Brieg Cathedral).

m secondly (13 Sep 1626) ANNA HEDWIG von Sitzsch, daughter of FRIEDRICH von Sitzsch & his wife --- (13 Jan 1611-16 Jul 1639). She was created Freiin von Sitzsch by Imperial Order at Prague 7 Dec 1627.

Johann Christian & his first wife had thirteen children:

1. GEORG von Brieg (4 Sep 1611-14 Jul 1664, bur Brieg Schloßkirche). He succeeded his father in 1639 as GEORG III Duke of Brieg and Liegnitz. m firstly (22 Feb 1638) SOPHIA KATHARINA von Münsterberg-Oels, of KARL II Duke of Münsterberg-Oels in Bernstadt [Podiebrad] & his second wife Elisabeth Magdalena von Brieg [Piast] (2 Sep 1601-21 Mar 1659, bur Brieg). m secondly (Brieg 19/20 Oct 1660) ELISABETH MARIE CHARLOTTE Pfalzgräfin von Simmern, daughter of LUDWIG PHILIPP Pfalzgraf von Simmern & his wife Marie Eleonore von Brandenburg (Sedan 23 Oct 1638-Brieg 20 May 1664, bur Brieg Schloßkirche). Georg III & his first wife had one child:

a) DOROTHEA ELISABETH Herzogin von Liegnitz (Breslau 17 Dec 1646-Dillenburg 9 Jun 1691, bur Dillenburg). m (Schloß Brieg 23 Oct 1663) HEINRICH Fürst von Nassau-Dillenburg, son of GEORG LUDWIG Erbprinz von Nassau-Dillenburg & his wife Anna Auguste Herzogin von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Dillenburg 28 Aug 1641-Schloß Ludwigsbrunn 18 Apr 1701, bur Dillenburg).

2. JOACHIM (20 Dec 1612-9 Feb 1613).

3. HEINRICH (3 Feb 1614-4 Feb 1614). Twin with his brother Ernst.

4. ERNST (3 Feb 1614-4 Feb 1614).

5. ANNA ELISABETH (1 Apr 1615-28 Mar 1616).

6. LUDWIG von Brieg (10 Apr 1616-24 Nov 1663). He succeeded in 1653 as LUDWIG IV Duke of Liegnitz. m (Brieg 8/18 May 1649) ANNA SOPHIE Herzogin von Mecklenburg-Güstrow, daughter of of JOHANN ALBRECHT II Herzog von Mecklenburg-Güstrow & his second wife Elisabeth Landgräfin von Hessen-Kassel (Harzgerode 29 Sep/8 Oct 1628-Parchwitz 10/20 Feb 1666). Ludwig IV & his wife had one child:

a) CHRISTIAN ALBERT (7 Nov 1651-20 Jan 1652).

7. RUDOLF (6 Apr 1617-8 Feb 1633).

8. CHRISTIAN von Brieg (19 Apr 1618-28 Feb 1672, bur Liegnitz Hedwigskirche). He succeeded in his brother in 1664 as CHRISTIAN Duke of Wohlau, Ohlau, Liegnitz and Brieg. m (Dessau 24 Nov 1648) LUISE Pss von Anhalt-Dessau, daughter of JOHANN KASIMIR Fürst von Anhalt-Dessau & his first wife Agnes Landgräfin von Hessen-Kassel (Dessau 10 Feb 1631-Ohlau 25 Apr 1680, bur Liegnitz Hedwigskirche). Christian & his wife had four children:

a) KAROLINE (Brieg 2 Dec 1652-Breslau 24 Dec 1707, bur Trebnitz). m (Brieg 14 Jul 1672, separated) FRIEDRICH Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg, son of PHILIPP LUDWIG Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg & his second wife Anna Margarete Landgräfin von Hessen-Homburg (chr Obermörlanhof, Haselecke 2 Feb 1651-Wiesenburg 7 Oct 1724, bur Wiesenburg).

b) LUISE (28 Jul 1657-6 Feb 1660).

c) GEORG WILHELM von Liegnitz (Ohlau 29 Sep 1660-Brieg 21 Nov 1675). He succeeded his father in 1672 as GEORG WILHELM Duke of Liegnitz, Brieg and Wohlau.

d) CHRISTIAN LUDWIG (15 Jan 1664-27 Feb 1664).

9. AUGUST (15 or 18 Mar 1619-12 Mar 1620).

10. SIBYLLA MARGARETA (20 Jun 1620-Danzig 26 Jun 1657, bur Danzig St Marien). m (23 Aug 1637) GERHARD Graf von Dönhoff, son of --- (-23 Dec 1648).

11. DOROTHEA (16 Aug 1622-26 Aug 1622). Twin with her sister Agnes.

12. AGNES (16 Aug 1622-3 Sep 1622). Twin with her sister Dorothea.

13. SOPHIA MAGDALENA (14 Jun 1624-8 Apr 1660). m (2 Dec 1642) as his second wife, KARL FRIEDRICH Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, son of KARL II Duke of Münsterberg-Oels in Bernstadt [Podiebrad] & his second wife Elisabeth Magdalena von Brieg [Piast] (18 Oct 1593-Oels 31 May 1647, bur Oels).

Johann Christian & his second wife had seven children:

14. AUGUST von Liegnitz (21 Aug 1627-14 May 1679). He was created Freiherr von Liegnitz 18 Feb 1628. He was created Graf von Liegnitz by Bohemian royal order at Regensburg 12 Jan 1664. Landeshauptmann of the Principality of Brieg[396]. m firstly (8 Oct 1653) as her second husband, ELISABETH Freiin von Ruppau, widow of KARL DEODAT Freiherr von Zahradek, daughter of JOHANN ADAM Raupowsky von Raupow Freiherr von Ruppau & his wife Elisabeth Freiin von Martinitz (-25 Apr 1660). m secondly (2 Aug 1665) as her first husband, ELISABETH CHARLOTTE Pss von Nassau-Dillenburg, daughter of GEORG LUDWIG Erbprinz von Nassau-Dillenburg & his wife Anna Auguste Herzogin von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Dillenburg 2 Jun 1643-Raab, Hungary 2 Mar 1686). She married secondly (1680) Ferdinand Gobert Graf von Aspremont-Lynden in Heckheim. August & his first wife had three children:

a) CHRISTIAN AUGUST (20 Apr 1655-4 Apr 1671).

b) ANNA LUISE ELISABETH (18 Jan 1658-2 Nov 1659).

c) JOHANNA ELISABETH (b and d 5 Apr 1660).

15. DOROTHEA SIBYLLE von Liegnitz (17 Aug 1628-17/18 Jun 1629).

16. son (b and d 30 Jun 1629).

17. ERNST von Liegnitz (27 Nov 1630-16 Mar 1631).

18. SIEGMUND Freiherr von Liegnitz (31 Jan 1632-14 Jul 1664). m (1 Oct 1659) as her first husband, EVA ELEONORE Freiin von Bibran und Modlau, daughter of HEINRICH von Bibran und Modlau & his wife Helene von Stosch (Dec 1644-6 Mar 1671). She married secondly (3 Feb 1666) Johann Friedrich von Maltzan Freiherr zu Wartenberg und Penzlin.

19. JOHANNA ELISABETH von Liegnitz (8 Jun 1634-14 Dec 1673). m (3 Nov 1651) ZDENKO Howora Freiherr [Berka von Dub und] Leipa, son of --- (-1 Jan 1680).

20. ANNA CHRISTINA von Liegnitz (18 Oct 1636-5 Sep 1642).

Chapter 8. DUKES of LÜBEN [LUBIN], OHLAU [OŁAWA], and BRIEG [BRZEG] 1348-1441 (PIAST)

The town of Brzeg [Brieg] is located on the river Oder upstream of Wrocław [Breslau], in the south-eastern part of Lower Silesia. When Boleslaw III Duke of Liegnitz was obliged to partition his territories in 1311 with his younger brother Duke Heinrich VI, he retained Brieg which he was inherited by his younger son Ludwig in 1348. Lubin, about 10 kilometres north of Legnica, and Oława [Ohlau], about the same distance north-west of Brzeg, became separate duchies and were allocated to younger members of the family. The three duchies survived as autonomous entities under Bohemian suzerainty, held either jointly or separately by different branches of Ludwig’s descendants, until the mid-15th century when they were reincorporated into the duchy of Liegnitz.

LUDWIG von Liegnitz, son of BOLESLAW III Duke of Breslau, Liegnitz and Brieg & his first wife Margareta of Bohemia ([1313/21]-[6/23] Dec 1398). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Ludwicus" was "dux Wenceslaus…fratri"[397]. “Bolezaus...dux Sileziæ et dominus Legniczensis et...Wencezlaus dominus Namslaviensis nec non...Ludwigus...duces ibidem præfati, ducis Boleslai filii” sold “civitatem nostram Beroldistat cum castro adjacenti” which “nostro patruo duci Conrado et domino Olnicensi habuit” by charter dated 21 Jan 1339[398]. He succeeded in 1348 as LUDWIG I Duke of Brieg. Emperor Karl IV King of Bohemia confirmed the agreement between “Conradum Olesnicensis” and “Przemislaus Teschnensis...duces, principes nostri” which allotted property to “filiarum quondam Bolkonis junioris ducis Bythumiensis et Kozlensis”, reserving the dower of “Lukardi ducisse Bythumiensi”, with the consent of “Wenczeslaus et Ludwicus duces Lignicenses consanguinei et principes nostri”, by charter dated 20 Jun 1359[399]. “Ludwicus...dux Silesiæ et dominus Bregensis” confirmed the agreement between “dux Conradus dominus Olsniecensis patruus noster...et suo primogenito duci Conrado” and “dux Henricus dominus Glogoviensis noster sororius...cum primogenito suo duce Henrico” concerning property left by “quondam memorie ducem Johannem...Grunenberg, Lyndam, Polkowicz Heinczindorff et Mezericz” by charter dated [May] 1365[400].

m ([1341/45], Papal dispensation 9 Jul 1351) as her second husband, AGNES von Glogau und Sagan, widow of LESZEK Duke of Ratibor [Piast], daughter of HEINRICH II Duke of Glogau and Sagan [Piast] & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg ([1312/21]-6/7 Jul 1362). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Ludwicus" married "filiam ducis Heinrici Glogoviensis et Saganensis"[401]. Pope Clement VI issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Ludovici ducis Legnicensis” and “Agnetis nate quondam Henrici ducis Saganensis”, despite their 3^o and 4^o consanguinity, dated 9 Jul 1351[402].

Ludwig I & his wife had six children:

1. MARGARETA ([1342/43]-The Hague 26 Feb 1386). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Margaretham…Hedwigim…et Katharinam" as the daughters of "dux…Ludwicus", recording that Margareta married "Alberti ducis Bavarie, Hanonie nec non Hollandie comitis"[403]. The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon refers to the mother of "Domina Iohanna filia Alberti Ducis Bauariæ et Comitis terræ Holandiæ" as "filia filiæ Ludwici Ducis Sleziæ et Domini Legnicensis" when recording her marriage[404]. Andreas von Regensburg’s early 15th century Chronica records that “Albertus filius Ludwici imperatoris, qui possedit Strawbingam” married “Margaretam filiam ducis Ludwici Polonie de Briga”[405]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Albertus palatinus Reni, dux Bavarie" married "Margaretam filiam Ludovici ducis de Briga ex Polonia"[406]. m (Passau 19 Jul 1353) as his first wife, ALBRECHT I Duke of Lower Bavaria, son of Emperor LUDWIG IV Duke of Bavaria, King of Germany & his second wife Marguerite Ctss de Hainaut, Ctss of Holland (Munich 25 Jul 1336-The Hague 13 Dec 1404, bur The Hague). He succeeded on the death of his brother in 1388 as ALBERT Comte de Hainaut, ALBERT Count of Holland and Seeland.

2. HEINRICH ([1343/45]-11 Jul 1399). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum viventem adhuc et Wenceslaum defunctum" as the sons of "dux…Ludwicus"[407]. He succeeded in 1398 as HEINRICH VII Duke of Lüben and Brieg.

- see below.

3. HEDWIG (-[30 Jan 1385/1396]). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Margaretham…Hedwigim…et Katharinam" as the daughters of "dux…Ludwicus", recording that Hedwig was "ducissam Uswicensem"[408]. m ([1366]) HANUŠ II Duke of Auschwitz, son of HANUŠ I Duke of Auschwitz [Piast] & his first wife --- (before 1350-19 Feb 1376).

4. KATHARINA (-[10 Apr 1404/4 May 1405]). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Margaretham…Hedwigim…et Katharinam" as the daughters of "dux…Ludwicus", recording that Katharina was "abbatissam Trebnicensem"[409]. Abbess of Trebnitz 1372.

5. WENZEL ([1344/51]-after 15 Sep 1358). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum viventem adhuc et Wenceslaum defunctum" as the sons of "dux…Ludwicus"[410].

6. child (before Jul 1351-young). The primary source which confirms his/her parentage has not yet been identified.

HEINRICH von Brieg, son of LUDWIG I Duke of Brieg [Piast] & his wife Agnes von Glogau und Sagan [Piast] ([1343/45]-11 Jul 1399). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum viventem adhuc et Wenceslaum defunctum" as the sons of "dux…Ludwicus"[411]. He succeeded in 1398 as HEINRICH VII Duke of Lüben and Brieg.

m firstly (1359) HELENE von Orlamünde, daughter of OTTO [V] Graf von Orlamünde Herr zu Lauenstein & his wife Helene von Nürnberg (-19 Jun 1369).

m secondly (Jul 1379) as her second husband, MAŁGORZATA of Mazovia, widow of KASIMIR IV Duke of Pomerania, daughter of SIEMOWIT III "Starszy" Prince of Mazovia & his first wife Euphemia von Troppau [Přemyslid] (before 1358-[14 May 1388/4 Apr 1396]).

Heinrich VII & his first wife had one child:

1. HEINRICH von Lüben ([1360/68]-[9 Jan 1419/10 Jul 1420]). He succeeded as HEINRICH IX Duke of Haynau, Lüben and Ohlau. An indication of the relative status of the Silesian princes is provided by a charter dated Jul 1401 which records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[412]. m (before 29 Sep 1396) ANNA von Teschen, daughter of PREMISLAW I "Noszek" Duke of Teschen [Piast] & his wife Elisabeth von Beuthen [Piast] (-after 8 Jul 1403). Heinrich IX & his wife had six children:

a) RUPRECHT von Lüben ([1396/1402]-24 Aug 1431). Knight of the Order of Malta in Poland, Bohemia and Moravia 1422. He succeeded as RUPRECHT II Duke of Lüben.

b) WENZEL von Lüben ([1400]-[Feb/28 May] 1423). He succeeded as WENZEL III Duke of Ohlau.

c) KATHARINA ([1400]-[11 Jun 1424]). m (1 Aug 1423) ALBRECHT [VIII] Graf von Lindow-Ruppin, son of --- (-1460).

d) ANNA (before 1403-after 13 Sep 1420).

e) HEDWIG (before 1404-after 4 Feb 1432). Canoness at Trebnitz 1416.

f) LUDWIG von Lüben (before 1405-1441 before 18 Jun). He succeeded in 1436 as LUDWIG III Duke of Lüben and Ohlau. m (before 15 Oct 1426) MARGARETA von Oppeln, daughter of BOLESLAV IV Duke of Oppeln [Piast] & his wife Margareta --- ([1412/14]-15 Jan 1454). Ludwig III & his wife had two children:

i) JOHANN von Lüben ([1425]-1453 after 21 Nov). He succeeded his father in 1441 as JOHANN II Duke of Lüben. m (Feb 1445) HEDWIG von Brieg, daughter of LUDWIG II Duke of Brieg and Liegnitz [Piast] & his second wife Elisabeth von Brandenburg [Hohenzollern] (before 1433-20 Oct 1471).

(a) FRIEDRICH von Lüben (3 May 1446-9 May 1488). He succeeded his father in 1453 as FRIEDRICH I Duke of Liegnitz and Brieg.

- DUKES of LIEGNITZ.

ii) HEINRICH von Lüben (after 1425-before 28 May 1452). He succeeded as HEINRICH X Duke of Haynau.

Heinrich VII & his second wife had two children:

2. LUDWIG von Lüben ([1380/85]-30 May 1436). He succeeded in 1399 as LUDWIG II Duke of Brieg and Liegnitz. An indication of the relative status of the Silesian princes is provided by a charter dated Jul 1401 which records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[413]. m firstly (before 14 Aug 1409) HEDWIG Zápolya, daughter of --- (-[1414]). m secondly (Konstanz 9 Apr 1418) as her first husband, ELISABETH von Brandenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH I Elector of Brandenburg [Hohenzollern] & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut ([1 May/29 Sep] 1403-Liegnitz 31 Oct 1449, bur Liegnitz Kartause). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Elizabeth”, who married “Hertoghen Lodewich to Legenitze unde to fem Bryge”, as oldest of the five daughters of “Marggreve Frederick to Brandenborch unde Borggreve to Nurenbarge” and his wife[414]. She married secondly ([9 Dec 1438/5 Feb 1439]) Wenzel I Duke of Teschen [Piast]. Ludwig & his second wife had four children:

a) LUDWIG (-before 7 Jan 1435).

b) ELISABETH (8 Jan 1426-[1435]).

c) MAGDALENA ([1425/30]-10 Sep 1497). m ([Jan/Feb] 1442) NIKOLAUS I Duke of Oppeln, son of BOLESLAW IV Duke of Oppeln [Piast] & his wife Margareta --- ([1420]-29 Jun or 3 Jul 1476).

d) HEDWIG (before 1433-20 Oct 1471). m (Feb 1445) JOHANN II Duke of Lüben, son of LUDWIG III Duke of Lüben and Ohlau & his wife Margareta von Oppeln [Piast] (1425-1453 after 21 Nov).

3. MARGARETA ([1380/84]-2 Oct after 1408).

Chapter 9. DUKES of MÜNSTERBERG [ZIĘBICE] 1341-1742

The town of Ziębice [Münsterberg] is located about 50 kilometres south-west of Brzeg [Brieg]. Part of Lower Silesia, the territory fell within the jurisdiction of the dukes of Jauer and Schweidnitz and was allocated as a separate duchy to Bolko II, youngest son of Duke Bolko I, who was an infant when his father died in 1301. The geographical scope of Münsterberg can be assessed from the list of towns and castles within the duchy which are listed in the charter dated 29 Aug 1336 (see below). The duchy of Münsterberg survived as a separate autonomous entity under Bohemian suzerainty for the rest of the 14th and first quarter of the 15th century. On the death in 1428 of the childless Duke Johann, the territory was disputed between different Bohemian nominees, some of whom were members of the ducal family, others outsiders. In 1456, Münsterberg was sold to Jiři Podiebrad King of Bohemia. The duchy was ruled by his descendants until 1647, when the last Podiebrad duke Karl Friedrich died.

A. DUKES of MÜNSTERBERG [1320]-1428, 1435-1443 (PIAST)

BOLKO von Jauer, son of BOLKO I Duke of Jauer und Schweidnitz [Piast] & his wife Beatrix von Brandenburg ([1 Feb 1300/1301]-11 Jun 1341, bur Heinrichaw). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Bernhardum, Heinricum et Bolkonem" as the three surviving sons of Bolko, adding that Bolko inherited "ducatum…Munsterberg"[415]. He succeeded as BOLKO II Duke of Münsterberg [Ziębice]. Bolko acknowledged Bohemian suzerainty: “Bolko...Slezie dux, dominus in Monsterberg” swore allegiance to Jan King of Bohemia, listing all his towns and castles, in the presence of “Boleslai ducis Slezie et dni Lignicensis...”, by charter dated 29 Aug 1336[416]. “Bolko...dux Slesie dmnus in Monstirberg” sold “civitatem...Strelin” to Jan King of Bohemia by charter dated late Dec 1337, witnessed by “...dmnus Bolezlaus dux Slesie dmnus Legniczensis...patruus nr”[417]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Bolko…dux Munsterbergensis" died in Münsterberg in 1342 and was buried "in Heinrichaw"[418].

Betrothed (1303) to ELISABETH von Meissen, daughter of FRIEDRICH "Tuta" Markgraf von Meissen & his wife Katharina von Bayern ([1288/91]-after 1303). Her parentage and betrothal are confirmed by the charter dated 1303 issued by her mother "Katherina…quondam Friderici Misnens. orient et de Landsperg Marchionis relicta" relating to her paternal inheritance which refers to a projected marriage between "Domini Ducis…filium…Polko…et Elisabeth filiam nostrum"[419].

m ([1321/22]) as her second husband, BONNE de Savoie, widow of MATTHIAS Graf von Trenczin, [illegitimate] daughter of LOUIS II de Savoie Baron de Vaud & [his mistress ---] (-2 Mar or May 1342). Bonne [Guta] is named in Europäische Stammtafeln[420] as the legitimate daughter of Louis de Vaud and as wife of the two husbands shown here, but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. She is not named in the 29 Mar 1340 testament of her father[421]. It is unlikely that the wife of Duke Bolko II could have been the legitimate daughter of Louis II Baron de Vaud: her son was born in [1322/27] at which time the legitimate children of Baron Louis must still have been under child-bearing age. Her first marriage is confirmed by the [6] Nov 1351 charter of her son Nikolaus Duke of Munsterberg quoted below which names “Matthiam comitem de Trentsch fratrum nostrum”.

Bolko II & his wife had two children:

1. NIKOLAUS von Münsterberg ([1322/27]-23 Apr 1358, bur Heinrichaw). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Nicolaus dux Mousterburgensis" succeeded "Bolko…dux Munsterbergensis", without specifying the relationship between the two but adding that he sold Frankenstein to Bohemia and died in Hungary and was brought back for burial "in Heinrichaw"[422]. He succeeded his father in 1341 as NIKOLAUS Duke of Münsterberg: “Nikolaus...dux Slesie dnus in Munsterberg” swore homage to “Dno nostro Carolo marchioni Moravie” for the lands to which he succeeded following the death of his father by charter dated 24 Aug 1341[423]. “Nicolaus...dux Slesie et dominus Munsterbergensis” sold “civitatem...Frankestain cum districtu monasterii Kamentz” to Karl IV King of Bohemia by charter dated [6] Nov 1351, witnessed by “Bolkonem Widnicensem, Conradum Olnicensem, Wladislaum Teschinensem duces patruos et consanguineos nostros nec non...Matthiam comitem de Trentsch fratrum nostrum”[424]. m (before 23 Oct 1343) AGNES von Leuchtenberg, daughter of HERMANN Landgraf von Leuchtenberg & his wife Agnes von Landstein (-16 Jul 1370). Nikolaus & his wife had six children:

a) BOLKO von Münsterberg ([1344/48]-13 Jun 1410). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Boleslaum et Heinricum" as the two sons of "Nicolaus dux Mousterburgensis", but calls the older son "Bolko" in a later passage, noting that he was "dux Munsterburgensis modernus"[425]. He succeeded his father in 1358 as BOLKO III Duke of Münsterberg. m ([1369/70]) as her second husband, EUPHEMIA von Kosel, widow of WENZEL Duke of Falkenberg [Piast], daughter of BOLKO II Duke of Beuthen and Kosel [Piast] & his wife Margareta von Sternberg ([1350/52]-26 Aug 1411). Emperor Karl IV confirmed that “Eufemie...Herczogen Bolken Tochter von der Kosil” sold her “Erbeteil...zu Glywicz” and all her rights to Beuthen and Cosel to “Conraden Herczogen in Schlesien und Herrn zu der Olfen und czu der Kozil”, with the consent of “ires Mannes...Bolcken Herczogen in Slezien und Herrn zu Munsterberg Unsers...Schwagers und Fürsten”, without prejudice to the rights of “Herczog Przemislaw von Thesschin...Herzog Conrad von der Olfen...Herczog Heinrichen von Falckenburg”, by charter dated end Dec 1370[426]. Bolko III & his wife had eight children:

i) NIKOLAUS ([1371/85]-9 Nov 1405).

ii) JOHANN von Münsterberg ([1380/90]-killed in battle Stary Wieliłsaw 27 Dec 1428). He succeeded his father in 1410 as JOHANN Duke of Münsterberg. m ([8 May 1406/19 Mar 1408]) as her second husband, ELISABETH, widow of SPYTKO von Melsztyn, daughter of EMMERICH --- & his wife --- (-22 Feb 1424).

iii) EUPHEMIA ([1370/85]-17 Nov 1447). She bought rights to the duchy of Münsterberg from Anna von Troppau, mother of Půta [III] z Častolovice, and from his eldest daughters Anna and Katharina in [1429] and was invested as EUPHEMIA Duchess of Münsterberg 11 Nov 1435. “Euphemia...Herczoginne czu Monstirbergk und Gräfin zu Oettingen” granted property to “Heyncze Runge...” by charter dated 1429[427]. Her accession was challenged by the widow of Půta [III] z Častolovice and her second husband, a settlement being agreed in 1443 under which Münsterberg was granted to her nephew Wilhelm Duke of Troppau. m (1397) as his second wife, FRIEDRICH [III] Graf von Oettingen, son of LUDWIG [X] Graf von Oettingen & his wife Imagina von Schaunberg (-23 Jan 1423).

iv) KATHARINA ([1390/1400]-23 Apr 1422). Her family origin is indicated by the following charter of her son: named citizens of Münsterberg submitted to “Herczog Wilhelmen von Troppaw” by charter dated 8 Apr 1443 which names “Katharine seine Mutter...seiner Muter Schwester Fräulein Agnes”[428]. m ([1410]) as his second wife, PRZEMKO Duke of Troppau, son of NIKOLAUS II Duke of Troppau [Přemyslid] & his third wife Jutta von Falkenberg [Piast] (-28 Sep 1433).

v) HEINRICH (-11 Mar 1420).

vi) AGNES (-before 8 Apr 1443). Her family origin is indicated by the following charter of her nephew: named citizens of Münsterberg submitted to “Herczog Wilhelmen von Troppaw” by charter dated 8 Apr 1443 which names “Katharine seine Mutter...seiner Muter Schwester Fräulein Agnes”[429].

vii) HEDWIG (-young).

viii) ELISABETH (-young).

b) HEINRICH ([1346/50]-[1370/85]). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Boleslaum et Heinricum" as the two sons of "Nicolaus dux Mousterburgensis", specifying that Heinrich "est factus crucifer de domo Theotonica" and died in Prussia after having left the Order[430].

c) daughter ([1344/53]-[1368/72]). m (before 1365) as his second wife, SIEMOWIT of Mazovia, son of TROJDEN I Prince of Czersk [Piast] & his Maria Iurievna of Galich (before 1314-16 Jun 1381). He succeeded in 1370 as SIEMOWIT III "Starszy" Prince of Mazovia.

d) AGNES (-[1424/34]). Abbess of St Clara in Strehlen.

e) GUTA (-1413). Abbess of St Clara in Breslau.

f) KATHARINA . Nun at St Clara in Strehlen

2. MARGARETA ([1322/30]-Aug after 1368).

B. DUKE of MÜNSTERBERG 1428-1434 (ČASTOLOVICE)

1. PŮTA [II] z Častolovice (-before 1412). m ([1396]) as her first husband, ANNA von Auschwitz, daughter of HANUŠ II Duke of Auschwitz & his wife Hedwig von Brieg ([1366/76]-[6 Sep 1440/12 Apr 1454]). She married secondly (before 1412) Aleksander dux. Půta [II] & his wife had children:

a) PŮTA [III] z Častolovice (-1434). Bohemian governor of Kladsko. After the death in battle in 1428 of Johann Duke of Münsterberg, Zikmund King of Bohemia mortgaged Münsterberg to Půta [III] and in 1434 installed him as PŮTA Duke of Münsterberg. m as her first husband, ANNA z Koldice, daughter of ALBERT z Koldice [Colditz] & his wife --- (-1467). She married secondly Hynek Krušina of Lichtenburg. Půta [III] & his wife had three children:

i) ANNA z Častolovice . m (1446) ULRICH z Zajic of Hasenburg, son of ---.

ii) KATHARINA z Častolovice (before Dec 1460). m firstly ([1441/42]) HERALT [II] Kunštát of Lišničti, son of ---. m secondly (1447) as his first wife, JAN Zajíc of Hasenburg, son of --- (-15 Apr 1495).

iii) SALOME z Častolovice (-26 Feb 1489). She is named in the 1494 charter of her daughter. m ([1435/40]) WILHELM Duke of Troppau, son of PRZEMKO Duke of Troppau & his second wife Katharina von Münsterberg ([1410]-15 Aug 1452). He succeeded in 1443 as WILHELM Duke of Münsterberg.

C. DUKES of MÜNSTERBERG 1443-1455 (PŘEMYSLID)

1. WILHELM von Troppau, son of PRZEMKO Duke of Troppau [Přemyslid] & his second wife Katharina von Münsterberg [Piast] ([1410]-15 Aug 1452). He succeeded in 1434 as WILHELM joint Duke of Troppau. He succeeded in 1443 as WILHELM Herzog von Münsterberg.

- DUKES of TROPPAU.

2. ERNST ([1415]-[1460]). He succeeded in 1434 as ERNST joint Duke of Troppau. He succeeded his brother in 1453 as ERNST Herzog von Münsterberg, until 1455.

D. DUKES of MÜNSTERBERG 1456-1647 (PODIEBRAD)

JIŘI [Georg] [von Podiebrad], son of VIKTORYN [Vitek] von Kunštát & his wife Anna von Wartenberg [Wartemberk] (23 Apr 1520-Prague 22 Mar 1471, bur Podiebrad). Freiherr von Kunštát zu Podiebrad. Regent of Bohemia 1439-1453, and 1457-1458. Graf von Glatz 1455. He was appointed JIŘI Duke of Münsterberg in 1456. He was elected JIŘI von Podiebrad King of Bohemia in 1458, also Markgraf of Moravia, Markgraf der Ober- und Niederlausitz and primary Duke of Silesia.

m firstly ([1440/41]) KUNIGUNDE Freiin von Sternberg, daughter of SMILO Freiherr von Sternberg zu Konopischt und Brandeis an der Elbe & his wife Barbara Freiin von Pardubicz (18 Nov 1422-19 Nov 1449, bur Podiebrad).

m secondly ([1450/51]) JOHANNA von Rožmital zu Blatna, daughter of JOHANN von Rožmital zu Blatna & his wife Ludmilla Bawor von Strakonicz (before 1432-Melnik 12 Nov 1475, bur Prague). “Johanna...Königin in Bóhmen Marggräfin in Mähren, zu Lützenburg und Schlesien Woywodin und Marrggräfin zu Laussnitz” granted property to “Hinconi Hertzogen zu Münsterberg und Grafen zu Glatz...unserm...Sohne und...Löwe von Rosenthal unsern...Bruder” by charter dated 1475[431].

Jiři & his first wife had six children:

1. other children: see BOHEMIA.

2. VIKTORYN (29 May 1443-Teschen 30 Aug 1500, bur Glatz). Titular Markgraf of Moravia. Created Reichsfürst at Brno 11 Jun 1459. He was installed in 1462 as VIKTORYN Duke of Münsterberg and Troppau, Graf von Glatz, Herr zu Kolin. “Victorin...Hertzog zu Munsterberg Troppau Graff zu Glatz” exchanged property inherited from “unserm Vater dem Könige George” with “Hertzog Heinrich dem Eltern und Hertzog Heinrich dem Jüngern, sonst Hinco genandt Hertzogen zu Munsterberg...und...Botschke von Cunstadt unsern...Brüdern” by charter dated 28 Jun 1475[432]. He resigned as Duke of Troppau in 1485. m firstly (before 1459) MARGARETA von Pirkstein, daughter of HINTZE "Ptáczek" Freiherr von Pirkstein at Polná, Przibyslaw and Ronow & his wife Anna Freiin von Neuhaus (before Jul 1445-[1469/9 Mar 1472]). m secondly ([1473/5 Apr 1474]) SOPHIA von Teschen, daughter of BOLESLAW II Duke of Teschen [Piast] & his wife Anna Ivanovna of Bielsk ([1449/53]-[1478/79]). “Sophia...Geborne Herczogin czu Teschen, czu Münsterberg und Troppaw, Gräfin czu Glacz, Fraw von Kunstadt und Podiebrath” transferred her share of the inheritance in Teschen to “Primislawen Herczoge czu Teschen und Herrn czu grossen Glogaw unserm...Vettern...und Herczogk Casimirn czu Teschen unserm...Brudern” by charter dated 5 Apr 1474, witnessed by “Herr Niclass von Guttenstein des...Herczogk Victorin czu Münsterbergk und Troppaw Grafen czu Glacz...unsers...Gemahls Hoffmeister...”[433]. m thirdly (1480 after 4 Feb) MARGHERITA de Monferrato, daughter of GIOVANNI IV Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Marguerite de Savoie ([1459/64]-25 Jul 1496, bur Glatz). Viktoryn & his first wife had one child:

a) JOHANNA ([1460]-28 Jun or 4 Jul 1496). m (1480 before 25 Feb) KASIMIR II Duke of Teschen, son of BOLESLAW II Duke of Teschen [Piast] & his wife Anna Ivanovna of Bielsk ([1449/52]-13 Dec 1528).

Viktoryn & his second wife had three children:

b) BARTHOLOMÄUS ([1474/79]-drowned Hainburg in der Donau 4 Apr 1515). At Kumburg and Skála.

c) LAURENZ ([1474/79]-1503).

d) MAGDALENA EUPHEMIA ([1474/79]-27 Aug 1497, bur Trebnitz). Nun at Trebnitz.

Viktoryn & his third wife had three children:

e) ANNA (end 1490-1498 after 24 Jun, bur Oels).

f) URSULA ([1491/95]-after 2 Feb 1534). Nun at Freiberg an der Saale, until 1528. She converted to Lutheranism in 1528.

g) APOLLONIA ([1492/25 Jul 1496]-Mar 1529). m ([26 Oct 1527/24 Feb 1528]) ERHARD von Queis, son of --- (-10 Sep 1529). Burggraf of Pomerania until 1527.

3. GINDRZYCH [Heinrich] (15 May 1448-24 Jun 1498, bur Glatz). He was installed in 1462 as HEINRICH "der Ältere" Duke of Münsterberg, Graf von Glatz. Fürst von Frankenstein 1472. Duke of Oels 1495.

- see below.

Jiři & his second wife had one child:

4. GINDRZYCH [Heinrich] (17 May 1452-11 Jul 1492, bur Glatz). He was installed in 1462 as HEINRICH "Hynek" Duke of Münsterberg, Graf von Glatz. Herr zu Podiebrad und Kolin 1472. “Johanna...Königin in Bóhmen Marggräfin in Mähren, zu Lützenburg und Schlesien Woywodin und Marrggräfin zu Laussnitz” granted property to “Hinconi Hertzogen zu Münsterberg und Grafen zu Glatz...unserm...Sohne und...Löwe von Rosenthal unsern...Bruder” by charter dated 1475[434]. “Victorin...Hertzog zu Munsterberg Troppau Graff zu Glatz” exchanged property inherited from “unserm Vater dem Könige George” with “Hertzog Heinrich dem Eltern und Hertzog Heinrich dem Jüngern, sonst Hinco genandt Hertzogen zu Munsterberg...und...Botschke von Cunstadt unsern...Brüdern” by charter dated 28 Jun 1475[435]. An epitaph [at Glatz?] records the death “1492 feria quarta ante festum s. Margarethæ hora 15” of “dominus Henricus iunior, alias Hynko, dux Monst. comesque Glac nec non baro de Cunstat et Podebrat, hic sepultus”[436]. m (Betrothed 25 Apr 1459, 26 Feb 1471) KATHARINA von Sachsen, daughter of WILHELM III “der Tapfere” Landgraf of Thuringia & his first wife Anna Archduchess of Austria ([1453]-[17 Jan 1534]). Her birth year is estimated from Hartung recording that 11 Nov 1459 Katharina was “bie sechs jharen”[437]. Posse notes her betrothal and the marriage dated 26 Feb 1471 between “Dux...Misnensi filiam suam” and “filio hæretici Hynkoni nomine hoc carnisprivio”[438]. Posse records a document dated 24 Oct 1509 in which she was named, notes that “v. Behr giebt als Todestag an 17. Jan. 1534”, but comments that “eine Quelle hierfür hat sich nicht nachweisen lassen”[439]. Heinrich & his wife had one child:

a) ANNA (after Oct 1471-1545). Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) names “Annam” as her parents’ daughter, noting that she married “Adamus Neuhusiensis in Bohemia”[440]. The primary source which records her husband’s name correctly has not been identified. m (1493 after 6 Sep) HEINRICH [IV] von Hradecz Freiherr von Neuhaus, son of --- (-17/18 Jan 1507). Oberstburggraf at Prague.

Heinrich had one illegitimate child by KATHARINA von Stražnicz, daughter of ---.

b) FRIEDRICH (-after 1492). At Kostenblatt.

GINDRZYCH [Heinrich] von Podiebrad, son of JIŘI [Georg] King of Bohemia & his first wife Kunigunde Freiin von Sternberg (15 May 1448-24 Jun 1498, bur Glatz). He was installed in 1462 as HEINRICH I "der Ältere" Duke of Münsterberg, Graf von Glatz. Fürst von Frankenstein 1472. “Victorin...Hertzog zu Munsterberg Troppau Graff zu Glatz” exchanged property inherited from “unserm Vater dem Könige George” with “Hertzog Heinrich dem Eltern und Hertzog Heinrich dem Jüngern, sonst Hinco genandt Hertzogen zu Munsterberg...und...Botschke von Cunstadt unsern...Brüdern” by charter dated 28 Jun 1475[441]. He was acknowledged as Duke of Oels in 1495 as successor to Duke Heinrich X who had died without male heirs. Herr zu Nachod 1495-1497.

m (9/10 Feb 1467) URSULA von Brandenburg, daughter of ALBRECHT Achilles Elector of Brandenburg & his first wife Margareta von Baden (25 Sep 1450-25 Nov 1508, bur Glatz). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Annales Wratislavienses which record that, after the death in 1490 of “ducis Henrici Glogoviensis”, "dux Iohannes Saganensis" usurped the succession in “Glogoviam, Freistath, Sprottaviam, Swebussim, Grüneberg”, which was challenged by “marchio Brandenburgensis Iohannes hortatu patris sui Alberti electoris imperii”, because of “dotem relicte ducis Henrici, sororis sue”[442]. “Casimirus...Hertzog zu Teschen und Grossglogau Hauptmann in Obern und Nieder Schlesien” granted property transferred from “Hanuss Hertzogen zu Sagan und Glogau und der Hertzogin Catharina der Gemahlin dieses Fürsten zu Sagan” to “Ursula Hertzogin zu Münsterberg Oelss Gräfin zu Glatz” as dower by charter dated 1497[443].

Heinrich I & his wife had eight children:

1. ALBRECHT (3 Aug 1468-12 Jul 1511). The marriage contract between “Heinrich...Herczog zu Münsterbergk Graf zu Glatz...Albrecht...Georgen...Karln Herczogen czu Münsterbergk...unsern...Söhnen...Margaretha geborne Herczogin czu Monstirberg unsre...Tochtyer” and “Ernsten Fürsten zu Anhalt Graven zu Aschkanien und Herrn zu Bernburg unserm...Sun Schwager” is dated Jan 1494[444]. He succeeded his father in 1498 as ALBRECHT Duke of Münsterberg und Oels. m (11 Jan 1487) as her first husband, SALOMEA von Sagan und Glogau, daughter of JOHANN II Duke of Sagan and Glogau [Piast] & his wife Katharina von Troppau [Přemyslid] ([1475/10 Jan 76]-1514 before 30 Sep). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records that "dux Johannes…filiabus suis" married "duobus filiis ducis Hinrici de Glatcz et Monsterberg"[445]. Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis” had four daughters, of whom “Salome” (listed second) married “Alberto Monsterbergensi”, a later passage recording the couple’s betrothal in Jan 1487 when the bride was still under 12 years old[446]. She married secondly ([1512/13]) Johann von Kurzbach Freiherr von Trachenburg und Militsch (-18 May 1549). Albrecht & his wife had one child:

a) URSULA (26 Dec 1497-1545. bur Horazdowicz). m (26 Dec 1517) HEINRICH [IV] Freiherr von Riesenberg, son of --- (-Jun 1551). Chief Chancellor of Bohemia.

2. GEORG [Jerzy] (2 Oct 1470-10 Nov 1502, bur Trebnitz). The marriage contract between “Heinrich...Herczog zu Münsterbergk Graf zu Glatz...Albrecht...Georgen...Karln Herczogen czu Münsterbergk...unsern...Söhnen...Margaretha geborne Herczogin czu Monstirberg unsre...Tochtyer” and “Ernsten Fürsten zu Anhalt Graven zu Aschkanien und Herrn zu Bernburg unserm...Sun Schwager” is dated Jan 1494[447]. He succeeded his father in 1498 as GEORG Duke of Münsterberg and Oels. m (contract 6 Jan 1488, Jul 1489) as her first husband, HEDWIG von Sagan und Glogau, daughter of JOHANN II Duke of Sagan and Glogau [Piast] & his wife Katharina von Troppau [Přemyslid] (1476-15 Feb 1524). Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis” had four daughters, of whom “Heduigis” (listed third) married “Georgio Monsterbergensi”[448]. She married secondly (23 Oct 1503) Sigismund Freiherr von Wartenberg (-20 Dec 1518). “Karll...Herczogk zu Münsterbergk in Schlesien zur Oelss Grav zu Glaz...Oberster Hauptmann in Nieder-Schlesien” accepted the bequest from “unser...Gemahel Fraw Anna geborne Herzogin zu Sagan und Schlesien...Schwester...Fraw Hedwigen geborne Herzogin in Schlesien zum Sagan” by charter dated [10 Feb] 1529[449]. Georg & his wife had one child:

a) HEINRICH (30 Apr 1490-25 Jul 1490, bur Glatz).

3. JAN (23 Jun 1472-7 Aug 1472, bur Glatz).

4. MARGARETA (Breslau 25 Aug 1473-Dessau 28 Jun 1530, bur Dessau Schloßkirche). The marriage contract between “Heinrich...Herczog zu Münsterbergk Graf zu Glatz...Albrecht...Georgen...Karln Herczogen czu Münsterbergk...unsern...Söhnen...Margaretha geborne Herczogin czu Monstirberg unsre...Tochtyer” and “Ernsten Fürsten zu Anhalt Graven zu Aschkanien und Herrn zu Bernburg unserm...Sun Schwager” is dated Jan 1494[450]. m (contract Glatz 6 Mar 1492, Cottbus 20 Jan 1494) ERNST Fürst von Anhalt Herr zu Dessau, son of GEORG I Fürst von Anhalt Herr zu Zerbst und Dessau & his fourth wife Anna von Lindau-Ruppin (-Dessau 12 Jun 1516, bur Dessau Schloßkirche).

5. KARL (4 May 1476-Frankenstein 31 May 1536). He succeeded his father in 1498 as KARL Duke of Münsterberg and Oels.

- see below.

6. LUDWIG (b and d 21 Jun 1479, bur Glatz).

7. MAGDALENA (25 Jan 1482-11 Apr 1513, bur Glatz).

8. ZDENKA (3 Jun 1483-1522, bur Glatz). m (1515 after 10 Sep) ULRICH Graf zu Hardegg Graf von Glatz, son of --- (-[Jul 1535/1537]).

KARL von Münsterberg, son of HEINRICH I "der Ältere" Duke of Münsterberg & his wife Ursula von Brandenburg (4 May 1476-Frankenstein 31 May 1536). The marriage contract between “Heinrich...Herczog zu Münsterbergk Graf zu Glatz...Albrecht...Georgen...Karln Herczogen czu Münsterbergk...unsern...Söhnen...Margaretha geborne Herczogin czu Monstirberg unsre...Tochtyer” and “Ernsten Fürsten zu Anhalt Graven zu Aschkanien und Herrn zu Bernburg unserm...Sun Schwager” is dated Jan 1494[451]. He succeeded his father in 1498 as KARL Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels. “Karll...Herczogk zu Münsterbergk in Schlesien zur Oelss Grav zu Glaz...Oberster Hauptmann in Nieder-Schlesien” accepted the bequest from “unser...Gemahel Fraw Anna geborne Herzogin zu Sagan und Schlesien...Schwester...Fraw Hedwigen geborne Herzogin in Schlesien zum Sagan” by charter dated [10 Feb] 1529[452].

m (contract 7 Jan 1488, 3 Mar 1495) ANNA von Sagan und Glogau, daughter of JOHANN II Duke of Sagan and Glogau [Piast] & his wife Katharina von Troppau [Přemyslid] (early 1483-27 Oct 1541). Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis” had four daughters, of whom “Anna” (listed fourth) married “Carolo Monsterbergensi” and was ancestor of “stirps ducum Olsnicensium”[453]. “Karll...Herczogk zu Münsterbergk in Schlesien zur Oelss Grav zu Glaz...Oberster Hauptmann in Nieder-Schlesien” accepted the bequest from “unser...Gemahel Fraw Anna geborne Herzogin zu Sagan und Schlesien...Schwester...Fraw Hedwigen geborne Herzogin in Schlesien zum Sagan” by charter dated [10 Feb] 1529[454].

Karl & his wife had twelve children:

1. ANNA (6 Sep 1499-24 Oct 1504, bur Wohlau).

2. KATHARINA (23 Sep 1500-15 Jun 1507, bur Treben).

3. MARGARETA (27 Dec 1501-26 Jun 1551, bur Budin). m ([1519/20]) JOHANN Zagicz Freiherr von Hasenburg zu Budin, son of --- (-2 Oct 1553, bur Budin).

4. JOACHIM (18 Jan 1503-27 Dec 1562, bur Münsterberg). Deacon at Breslau 1531. Provost at Glogau. Grand Prior of the Order of Knights of St John in Bohemia, Silesia and Poland 1532. Bishop of Brandenburg 1545.

5. KUNIGUNDE (25 Sep 1504-25 Jul 1532, bur Trebnitz). m (1521) CHRISTOPH Czernohorsky Freiherr von Boskowicz "Latrocinator", son of --- (-13 Sep 1550).

6. URSULA (3 Dec 1505-24 Jan 1539). m (end 1523) HIERONYMUS Freiherr von Biberstein zu Sorau/NL, son of --- (-30 Jun 1549).

7. HEINRICH (29 Mar 1507-2 Aug 1548, bur Bernstadt). He succeeded his father in 1536 as HEINRICH II Duke of Münsterberg-Oels.

- see below.

8. HEDWIG (12 Jun 1508-Liegnitz 28 Nov 1531, bur Liegnitz). m (Oels 9 Jan 1525) as his second wife, GEORG "der Fromme" Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of FRIEDRICH "der Ältere" Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Zofia of Poland (Ansbach 4 Mar 1484-Ansbach 27 Dec 1534, bur Heilsbronn).

9. JAN (4 Nov 1509-28 Feb 1565, bur Oels). He succeeded his father 1536 as JAN Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, in Oels from 1542. m firstly (contract 20 Feb 1536, 29 Feb 1536) CHRISTINA von Seidlitz, daughter of KSZYSZTOF von Seidlitz-Sydłowiecki Castellan of Krakow & his wife --- (1518-12 Jun 1555). m secondly (contract 7 Sep 1561, Oels 8 Sep 1561) MARGARETA von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, daughter of HEINRICH "der Jüngere" Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel & his first wife Marie von Württemberg ([1516/17]-Staufenburg 27/28 Oct 1580, bur Wolfenbüttel). Jan & his first wife had one child:

a) KARL CHRISTOPH (22 May 1545-17 Mar 1569. bur Oels). He succeeded his father in 1565 as KARL CHRISTOPH Duke of Münsterberg-Oels.

10. BARBARA (4 Feb 1511-1514).

11. GEORG (30 Apr 1512-31 Jan 1553, bur Oels). He succeeded in 1546 as GEORG "der Jüngere" Duke of Münsterberg-Oels. Betrothed to ELISABETH Freiin Kostka von Postupicz, widow of KARL Freiherr von Waldstein zu Klein-Skal, daughter of WILHELM Freiherr Kostka von Postupicz & his wife Agnes Wrbik von Tismicz.

12. GEORG (b and d 17 Jan 1515, bur Oels).

HEINRICH von Münsterberg, son of KARL Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels [Podiebrad] & his wife Anna von Sagan und Glogau [Piast] (29 Mar 1507-2 Aug 1548, bur Bernstadt). He succeeded his father in 1536 as HEINRICH II Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels.

m firstly (contract 25 Dec 1526, 7 Feb 1529) MARGARETA Freiin von Pernstein, daughter of ADALBERT "dem Jüngeren" Freiherr von Pernstein [Oberstlandhofmeister in Bohemia] & his wife Margareta Freiin Kostka von Postupicz (-before 10 Jun 1529). The marriage contract between “Johann von Pernstein auf Helffenstein Hauptmann der Marggraffthums Mähren...meine Tochter Margaretha” and “Carolo Hertzogen zu Münsterberg in Schlesien und zur Oelsse auch Grafen zu Glatz...Heinrich...dem Sohne...” is dated 25 Dec 1526[455].

m secondly (contract 12 Nov 1537, 5 Mar 1538) MARGARETA von Mecklenburg, daughter of HEINRICH V "der Friedfertige" Herzog von Mecklenburg in Schwerin & his second wife Helene Pfalzgräfin (8 Apr 1515-30 Aug 1559, bur Bernstadt).

Heinrich II & his second wife had six children:

1. ANNA (29 Mar 1539-19 Mar 1568, bur Bernstadt).

2. SALOMEA (5 Apr 1540-Padua 19 May 1567). m (15 May 1560) GEORG Graf von Thurn, son of --- (-1591).

3. HEINRICH (29 Apr 1542-10 Apr 1587, bur Oels). He succeeded his father in 1548 as HEINRICH III Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels, in Bernstadt from 1569. Betrothed to MAGDALENA von Lomnicz und Meseritsch, daughter of JOHANN von Lomnicz und Meseritsch zu Braunau & his wife ---.

4. KARL (16 Jun 1543-23 Jul 1543, bur Oels).

5. KARL (15 Apr 1545-28 Jan 1617, bur Oels). He succeeded his father in 1548 as KARL II Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels in Bernstadt. m firstly (17 Sep 1570) KATHARINA Freiin Berka von Sub und Leipa, daughter of JOHANN Wenzel Freiherr Berka von Sub und Leipa & his wife Magdalena Freiin von Zierotin (24 Apr 1553-31 Mar 1583, bur Oels). m secondly (contract 30 Sep 1585, 1 Oct 1585) ELISABETH MAGDALENA von Brieg, daughter of GEORG II Duke of Brieg [Piast] & his wife Barbara von Brandenburg (17 Nov 1562-1 Feb 1630, bur Oels). Karl II & his first wife had two children:

a) HEINRICH WENZEL (27 Aug 1575-Rome 10 Oct 1591, bur Oels).

b) MARGARETA MAGDALENA (13 May 1578-14 May 1578, bur Oels).

Karl II & his second wife had eight children:

c) GEORG (31 Aug 1587-14 Nov 1587, bur Oels).

d) KARL (8 Jan 1590-20 May 1590, bur Oels).

e) HEINRICH WENZEL (7 Oct 1592-Schloß Vielgut bei Oels 21 Aug 1639, bur Oels St Johann Baptist). He succeeded his father in 1617 as HEINRICH WENZEL Duke of Münsterberg-Oels in Bernstadt. Bohemian Oberhauptmann in Silesia. Imperial counsellor. m firstly (Oels 7 Nov 1617) ANNA MAGDALENA Pfalzgräfin von Zweibrücken, daughter of GEORG GUSTAV Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken in Lauterecken & his first wife Elisabeth Herzogin von Württemberg (Lauterecken 19 Mar 1602-Bernstadt 20 Aug 1630, bur Bernstadt St Katharina). m secondly (morganatically 26 Aug 1636) URSULA von Reibnitz, daughter of ALBRECHT von Reibnitz zu Stradam & his wife Katharina von Neefe und Obischau ([1616]-1 Jan 1657). She was created Fürstin von Bernstadt in Bohemia at Regensburg 16 Jan 1637. Heinrich Wenzel & his second wife had three children:

i) ANNA ELISABETH (6 Jul 1637-28 Jan 1642, bur Oels).

ii) son (b and d 25 May 1638, bur Bernstadt).

iii) son (b posthumously and d 7 Nov 1639, bur Oels).

f) KARL FRIEDRICH (18 Oct 1593-Oels 31 May 1647, bur Oels). He succeeded his father in 1617 as KARL FRIEDRICH Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels in Oels. He succeeded his brother in 1639 as Duke of Oels in Bernstadt. m firstly (Oels 4 Dec 1618) ANNA SOPHIE Pss von Sachsen-Altenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH WILHELM I Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg & his second wife Anna Maria Pfalzgräfin (Torgau 3 Feb 1598-Oels 20 Mar 1641, bur Oels St Johannes). m secondly (2 Dec 1642) SOPHIA MAGDALENA von Brieg, daughter of JOHANN CHRISTIAN Duke of Brieg [Piast] & his first wife Dorothea Sibylle von Brandenburg (14 Jun 1624-8 Apr 1660). Karl Friedrich & his first wife had one child:

i) ELISABETH MARIE (Oels 11 May 1625-Oels 17 Mar 1686, bur Oels). Heiress of Bernstadt and Oels. m (1 May 1647) SILVIUS NIMROD Herzog von Württemberg, son of JULIUS FRIEDRICH Herzog von Württemberg-Weiltingen & his wife Anna Sabine Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (Weiltingen 2 May 1622-Briese, Silesia 16/26 Apr 1664, bur Oels St Johannis). He was created Duke of Oels and Bernstadt in Bohemia 17 Dec 1648.

g) BARBARA MARGARETA (10 Aug 1595-21 Nov 1652, bur Oels).

h) GEORG JOACHIM (18 Nov 1597-21 Jul 1598, bur Oels).

i) ELISABETH MAGDALENA (29 May 1599-4 Nov 1631, bur Liegnitz). m (25 Nov 1624) as his second wife, GEORG RUDOLF Duke of Liegnitz, son of JOACHIM FRIEDRICH Duke of Brieg and Liegnitz & his wife Anna Maria von Anhalt (22 Jan 1595-14 Jan 1653, bur Liegnitz).

j) SOPHIA KATHARINA (2 Sep 1601-21 Mar 1659, bur Brieg). m (22 Feb 1638) as his first wife, GEORG von Brieg, son of JOHANN CHRISTIAN Duke of Brieg [Piast] & his first wife Dorothea Sibylle von Brandenburg (4 Sep 1611-14 Jun or 14 Jul 1664, bur Brieg Schloßkirche). He succeeded his father in 1639 as GEORG III Duke of Brieg and Liegnitz.

6. KATHARINA (4 Mar 1548-14 Dec 1579, bur Oels). m GEORG Freiherr Berka von Dub und Leipa, son of ---.

E. DUKES of MÜNSTERBERG 1654-1742 (AUERSPERG)

1. JOHANN WEIKHARD Graf von Auersperg, son of THEODOR Graf von Auersperg & his wife Sidonie Gall von Gallenstein (Žužemberk Castle 11 Mar 1615-Ljubljana 11 Nov 1677). He was created Reichsfürst von Auersperg in 1653. Emperor Ferdinand III enfeoffed him as JOHANN WEIKHARD Duke of Münsterberg 1654. m MARIA KATHERINA von Losenberg, daughter of --- (1635-1691). Johann Weikhard & his wife had children:

a) JOHANN FERDINAND Erbprinz von Auersperg (Vienna 29 Sep 1655-Ziębice 6 Aug 1705). He succeeded his father in 1677 as JOHANN FERDINAND Duke of Münsterberg, Fürst von Auersperg. m (1678) ANNA MARIA Gräfin von Herberstein, daughter of --- (1660-1726). Johann Ferdinand & his wife had one child:

i) MARIA THERESA von Auersperg (1686-1756). m GEORG SIEGMUND Graf von Auersperg-Kirchberg, son of ---.

b) KARL FRANZ Prinz von Auersperg (Vienna 22 Nov 1660-Pischlesdorf am Engelbach 6 Nov 1713). He succeeded his brother in 1705 as KARL FRANZ Duke of Münsterberg, Fürst von Auersperg. m MARIA THERESA Gräfin von Rappach, daughter of --- (1660-1741). Karl Franz & his wife had children:

i) MARIA ELEONORE von Auersperg (1686-1686).

ii) FRANZ ANTON von Auersperg (1688-1688).

iii) MARIA ANNA von Auersperg (1690-1725).

iv) MARIA FRANZISKA von Auersperg (1691-1725). m JOHANN JOSEPH Graf von Breuner, son of ---.

v) LEOPOLD Prinz von Auersperg (1694-1704).

vi) HEINRICH JOSEPH JOHANN Prinz von Auersperg (1697-1783). He succeeded his father in 1713 as HEINRICH JOSEPH JOHANN Duke of Münsterberg, Fürst von Auersperg. Silesia was incorporated into Prussia in 1742. m firstly (21 May 1719) MARIE DOMINIKA Pss von und zu Liechtenstein, daughter of JOHANN ADAM ANDREAS Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein & his wife Erdmuthe Theresia Maria Gräfin von Dietrichstein-Nikolsburg (5 Aug 1698-3 Jun 1724). m secondly (7 May 1726) MARIA FRANZISKA Trautson Gräfin von Falkenstein, daughter of JOHANN LEOPOLD Trautson Fürst von Falkenstein & his wife Maria Theresia Ungnad Gräfin von Weissenwolf (11 Aug 1708-12 Apr 1761).

- FÜRSTEN von AUERSPERG.

Chapter 10. DUKES of OELS [OLEŚNICA] 1366-1744

The town of Oleśnica [Oels] is located about 20 kilometres east of Wroclaw [Breslau]. After the death in 1309 of Heinrich I Duke of Glogau, his duchy was divided between his sons Heinrich II (who took Sagan [Żagań]), Konrad I (Oels [Oleśnica]), Johann (Steinau [Ścinawa]), and Primko II who retained the rump parts of Glogau. The duchy of Oels lay north-east of the duchies of Breslau and Brieg, in Lower Silesia, bordering on the kingdom of Poland. Oels fell under Bohemian suzerainty in 1329. The Piast line of dukes ended with the death in 1492 of Konrad X. The duchy passed to the Podiebrad dukes of Münsterberg who ruled Oels until 1647 when Duke Karl Friedrich died without male heirs. His son-in-law Silvius Nimrod Herzog von Württemberg was enfeoffed with Oels by Emperor Ferdinand III as king of Bohemia. Oels was conquered by Prussia in the early 1740s. The title “Duke of Oels” continued to be borne by members of the Württemberg family and, after 1792, by Friedrich August Prinz von Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel who was son-in-law of the last Württemberg duke.

A. DUKES of OELS [1320]-1492 (PIAST)

KONRAD von Glogau, son of HEINRICH I Duke of Glogau & his wife Mechtild von Braunschweig-Lüneburg ([1293/94]-22/27 Dec 1366, bur Trebnitz). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum, Conradum, Johannem et Primslaum" as the four sons of "Heinricus dux Glogoviensis", adding that Konrad inherited "Olsnam"[456]. KONRAD I Duke of Oels. Following Jan King of Bohemia's invasion of Silesia in early 1327, Duke Konrad swore allegiance to Bohemia at Breslau[457]: “Henricus...dux Zlesie et Glogovie ac dmnus Saganensis” swore allegiance to King Jan, listing all his towns and castles and naming “fratres nros...Conradum...ducem Zlesie et Glogovie dmnum Olsnensem ac dmnum Joannem ducem Zlesie et Glogovie ac dmnum Stynavie”, by charter dated [8/10] May 1329[458]. “Bolezaus...dux Sileziæ et dominus Legniczensis et...Wencezlaus dominus Namslaviensis nec non...Ludwigus...duces ibidem præfati, ducis Boleslai filii” sold “civitatem nostram Beroldistat cum castro adjacenti” which “nostro patruo duci Conrado et domino Olnicensi habuit” by charter dated 21 Jan 1339[459]. “Przemke...Herzog zu Tessin” agreed to partition the territories of “das Lan czu der Kosil, zu Bythom, zu Pisenkreczin, czu dem Toste, czu Gliwicz...das...Herzog Polko...gelassen hat” with “unserm Bruder...Herzog Conrad von der Oelsen” by charter dated 1357[460]. Emperor Karl IV King of Bohemia confirmed the agreement between “Conradum Olsniczensem” and “Przimislaum Teschincensem...duces principes nostros” dividing “Bythumiam et Pisincreczim” between them, by charter dated 14 Dec 1358[461]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Conradus…dux Olsnicensis" was buried "in monasterio Trebnicensi"[462].

m firstly (Papal dispensation 27 May 1322) ELISABETH von Breslau, daughter of HEINRICH VI Duke of Breslau [Piast] & his wife Anna of Austria [Habsburg] ([1311/12]-[20 Feb] 1328). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Ofkam…secundam Elisabeth…terciam Gritam" as the three daughters of Heinrich and his wife "filia ducis Austrie, que fuit quondam marchionissa Brandenburgensis", adding that Elisabeth married "Conrado duci Olsniacensi" but died childless[463]. The Notæ Sanctæ Claræ records the death "1328 sepulta…in die kathedra sancti Petri" of "Elizabeth filia domini Henrici sexti ducis et consors domini Conradi ducis Olsnitz"[464].

m secondly ([22 Feb 1328/2 Mar 1333], Papal dispensation 28 Apr 1338) EUPHEMIA von Kosel, daughter of WLADISLAW Duke of Kosel [Piast] & his wife Beatrix von Brandenburg (1312-3 Jan [1376/78]). Pope Benedict XII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Conradi ducis Glogoviensis” and “Euffemie nate...Wladislai ducis Cozlensis”, despite their 4^o consanguinity, dated 28 Apr 1338[465]. The town of Tost swore allegiance to “Domine Eufemie ducisse Olsniczensi nec non Beatrici sorori eius earumque posteritati...principi Conrado duci Sileczie et dominio Olsniczensi” by charter dated 16 Feb 1356[466].

Konrad I & his second wife had two children:

1. HEDWIG ([1329/1333]-[1351/59]). Jan King of Bohemia agreed the succession of “filia sua...Hedwigis” if “Conradi ducis Slesie et dmni Olsnicensis” died without male heirs by charter dated 25 Mar 1338[467]. m ([1342/11 Aug 1345]) as his second wife, NIKOLAUS II Herzog von Troppau, son of NIKOLAUS I Herzog von Troppau [Přemyslid] & his wife Adelheid von Habsburg ([1288]-8 Dec 1365).

2. KONRAD von Oels ([25 Mar 1338/1340]-10 Jun 1403). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Conradus dux Olsnicensis modernus" succeeded "Conradus…dux Olsnicensis" but does not specify the family relationship between the two[468]. He succeeded as KONRAD II Duke of Oels. An indication of the relative status of the Silesian princes is provided by a charter dated Jul 1401 which records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[469]. m ([1352/23 Feb 1354]) AGNES von Teschen, daughter of KASIMIR I Duke of Teschen [Piast] & his wife Euphemia of Mazovia [Piast] (1338-[6 Feb/27 Apr] 1371). “Kazimir und Prczemisl...Herzoge von Teszin” granted property to “Herczoge Conrad von der Oelsse” following his marriage with “unserer Tochter” by charter dated early 1358[470]. Konrad II & his wife had one child:

a) KONRAD von Oels ([1354/59]-20 or 28 Dec 1412). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Conradus dux Olsnicensis modernus" has "filium…Conradum…nunc viventem"[471]. He succeeded his father in 1403 as KONRAD III Duke of Oels. m ([1380]) GUTA, daughter of --- (-[26 Jun 1416/6 Sep 1419]). Konrad III & his wife had seven children:

i) KONRAD von Oels ([1380/86]-9 Aug 1447). Canon at Breslau Cathedral 1410. Bishop of Breslau 1418.

ii) KONRAD von Oels ([1381/87]-10 Sep 1439). He succeeded his father in 1412 as KONRAD V Duke of Oels. m (before 9 Oct 1411) MARGARETA, daughter of --- (-[1449/50]). Konrad V & his wife had five children:

(a) AGNES ([1410/20]-1448). m (1437) KASPAR Schlick Graf von Passaun, son of --- (-[9 Jul] 1449). Chancellor of the Empire.

(b) KONRAD von Oels ([1415/20]-14 Aug 1471). He succeeded his father in 1439 as KONRAD IX Herzog von Oels. m ([1447/53]) MARGARETA of Mazovia, daughter of SIEMOWIT V Duke of Gostyn & his wife Margareta von Ratibor [Přemyslid] ([1436/41]-1483 after 5 May). Konrad & his wife had one child:

(1) BARBARA (1465-30 Nov 1479).

(c) KONRAD von Oels ([1420]-21 Sep 1492). He succeeded his brother in 1471 as KONRAD X Duke of Oels. m DOROTHEA Reynkenberg, daughter of NIKOLAUS Reynkenberg & his wife --- (-1471).

(d) ANNA ([1420/30]-1481 before 29 Mar). m ([1444]) WŁADYSŁAW I Prince of Plock, son of SIEMOWIT IV Prince of Plock and Kujavia [Piast] & his wife Aleksandra of Lithuania ([1398/1411]-11/12 Dec 1455)

(e) MARGARETA ([1420/30]-10 May 1466). Abbess of Trebnitz 1456.

iii) KONRAD [VI] von Oels ([1387/91]-3 Sep 1427). Deacon at Breslau Cathedral 1413.

iv) KONRAD [VII] von Oels ([1390]-14 Feb 1452). m firstly (before 2 Feb 1437) KATHARINA, daughter of --- (-before 20 Jun 1449). m secondly (before 7 Mar 1450) [DOROTHEA of Mazovia, daughter of JANUSZ Prince of Mazovia & his wife Katarzyna von Melsztyn] (-after 16 Jul 1450).

v) KONRAD [VIII] von Oels (-5 Sep 1444). Knight of the Teutonic Order 1416. Prokurator 1427/1433. Provinzial in Bohemia and Moravia 1443.

vi) EUPHEMIA ([1390/1404]-1444). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Albrecht to Sassen...ein Korforste des Romeschen Rikes...[sone] Hertoghen Wensla” married “des Hertoghen dochter to Oslitze unde Orlyens...Offeke”[472]. m firstly (14 Jan 1420) ALBRECHT III Elector of Saxony, son of WENZEL Herzog zu Sachsen, Elector & his wife Cecilia da Carrara (-27 Nov 1423, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery). m secondly (1432) as his second wife, GEORG I Fürst von Anhalt-Zerbst, son of SIEGMUND I Fürst von Anhalt-Dessau & his wife Jutta von Querfurt ([1390]-Dessau 21 Sep 1474).

vii) HEDWIG (-[25 Jun 1447/1453]). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m ([1423/31]) HEINRICH VII Duke of Glogau, son of HEINRICH VI Duke of Glogau and Sagan [Piast] & his wife Katharina von Oppeln [Piast] ([1389/90]-Crosnaw 11 Nov 1467, bur Freynstadt).

B. DUKES of OELS 1495-1647 (PODIEBRAD)

1. other children: DUKES of MÜNSTERBERG.

2. KARL von Münsterberg, son of HEINRICH I "der Ältere" Duke of Münsterberg & his wife Ursula von Brandenburg (4 May 1476-Frankenstein 31 May 1536). He succeeded his father in 1498 as KARL Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels.

a) other children: DUKES of MÜNSTERBERG.

b) HEINRICH von Münsterberg, son of KARL Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels [Podiebrad] & his wife Anna von Sagan und Glogau [Piast] (29 Mar 1507-2 Aug 1548, bur Bernstadt). He succeeded his father in 1536 as HEINRICH II Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels.

i) other children: DUKES of MÜNSTERBERG.

ii) KARL von Münsterberg, son of HEINRICH II Duke of Münsterberg-Oels [Podiebrad] & his wife Margareta von Mecklenburg-Schwerin (15 Apr 1545-28 Jan 1617, bur Oels). He succeeded his father in 1548 as KARL II Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels in Bernstadt.

(a) other children: DUKES of MÜNSTERBERG.

(b) KARL FRIEDRICH von Münsterberg, son of KARL II Duke of Münsterberg-Oels in Bernstadt [Podiebrad] & his second wife Elisabeth Magdalena von Brieg [Piast] (18 Oct 1593-Oels 31 May 1647, bur Oels). He succeeded his father in 1617 as KARL FRIEDRICH Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels in Oels. He succeeded his brother in 1639 as Duke of Oels in Bernstadt.

(1) ELISABETH MARIE von Münsterberg, daughter of KARL FRIEDRICH Herzog von Münsterberg und Oels & his first wife Anna Sophie Herzogin von Sachsen-Altenburg (Oels 11 May 1625-Oels 17 Mar 1686, bur Oels). m (1 May 1647) SILVIUS NIMROD Herzog von Württemberg, son of JULIUS FRIEDRICH Herzog von Württemberg-Weiltingen & his wife Anna Sabine Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (Weiltingen 2 May 1622-Briese, Silesia 16/26 Apr 1664, bur Oels St Johannis). He was created Duke of Oels and Bernstadt in Bohemia 17 Dec 1648.

C. DUKES of OELS 1648-1744 (WÜRTTEMBERG)

SILVIUS NIMROD Herzog von Württemberg-Weiltingen, son of JULIUS FRIEDRICH Herzog von Württemberg-Weiltingen & his wife Anna Sabine Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (Weiltingen 2 May 1622-Briese, Silesia 16/26 Apr 1664, bur Oels St Johannis). He succeeded his father in 1635 as SILVIUS I NIMROD Herzog von Württemberg-Weiltingen. Herzog von Oels 1647, following his marriage to the heiress of Oels, at which time he renounced his rights to Weiltingen. He was created Duke of Oels and Bernstadt in Bohemia 17 Dec 1648.

1. other children: HERZOGEN von WÜRTTEMBERG.

2. KARL FERDINAND Herzog von Württemberg-Oels, son of SILVIUS I NIMROD Herzog von Württemberg-Oels & his wife Elisabeth Marie von Münsterberg-Oels (Oels 15 Jan 1650-Kassel 23 Dec 1668/2 Jan 1669). He succeeded his father in 1664 as KARL FERDINAND Herzog von Württemberg, Duke of Oels.

3. SILVIUS FRIEDRICH Herzog von Württemberg-Oels (Oels 11/21 Feb 1651-Oels 3 Jun 1697). He succeeded his brother in 1669 as SILVIUS II FRIEDRICH Herzog von Württemberg, Duke of Oels.

4. CHRISTIAN ULRICH Herzog von Württemberg-Oels (Oels 9/19 Apr 1652-Oels 5 Apr 1704). Herzog von Württemberg-Bernstadt. He succeeded his brother in 1704 as CHRISTIAN ULRICH I Herzog von Württemberg, Duke of Oels.

a) other children: HERZOGEN von WÜRTTEMBERG.

b) KARL FRIEDRICH Herzog von Württemberg-Bernstadt, son of CHRISTIAN ULRICH I Herzog von Württemberg zu Bernstadt und Oels & his wife Sibylle Marie Herzogin von Sachsen-Meresburg (Merseburg 7/17 Feb 1690-Oels 14 Dec 1761). He succeeded his father in 1704 as KARL FRIEDRICH Herzog von Württemberg, Duke of Oels. He abdicated in Oels 15 Oct 1744.

Chapter 11. DUKES of OPPELN [OPOLE] and FALKENBERG [SOKOLEC] 1163-1497 (PIAST)

The town of Opole [Oppeln] straddles both banks of the river Oder, just south of its confluence with the river Mała Panew. Forming part of Upper Silesia, the duchy of Oppeln was inherited by Miesko, younger son of Władysław II who had sought refuge in Silesia after his expulsion from Poland, as north-western part of the duchy of Ratibor. On the death of Wladislaw Duke of Oppeln in 1281/82, his territories were divided between his sons Miesko (who became Duke of Teschen), Kasimir (Duke of Beuthen and Kosel), Boleslaw (who retained Oppeln) and Przemislaw (Duke of Ratibor). A younger branch of Boleslaw’s descendants were installed as dukes of Falkenberg [Sokolec]. Nikolaus II, last duke of Oppeln, died childless in 1497 when the duchy reverted to Bohemian rule, although sovereignty was disputed by the Markgrafen von Brandenburg-Ansbach in the 16th century.

MIESKO of Silesia, son of WŁADYSŁAW II "Wygnaniec/the Exile" Prince of Krakow and Silesia & his wife Agnes of Austria ([1132/46]-16 May 1211). He was invested as MIESKO I Duke of Silesia in 1163 after the intervention of Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany who obliged their uncle Duke Bolesław IV to recognise his and his brother's rights[473]. Petry suggests that the formal division of territories between Miesko and his older brother only took place after the death of their paternai uncle Boleslaw IV Duke of Poland in 1173. Miesko received Ratibor and Teschen under the agreed division[474]. He acquired Oppeln in 1201 from his older brother Boleslaw, to whom the territory had reverted after the death earlier the same year of his oldest son Jaroslaw[475]. Miesko’s nephew Duke Heinrich I attempted to wrest Oppeln but the dispute was settled in Miesko’s favour 25 Nov 1202[476]. The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record the death in 1211 of "Mesco dux Ratiborie"[477]. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 16 May of “Mesco dux Polanorum fundator huius loci”[478].

m ([1170/78]) LUDMILLA, daughter of --- (-20 Oct after 1210). She founded Klosterbrück [Czarnowanz] near Oppeln[479]. The charter which confirms this foundation has not been identified, but her participation is confirmed by the necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz which records the death 20 Oct of “Ludmilla ducissa prima fundatrix huius loci”[480]. No indication has been found of Ludmilla’s family origin, although the name is found in the Bohemia, Hungarian and Moravian ruling families.

Miesko I & his wife had [five] children:

1. KASIMIR von Ratibor ([1176/79]-13 May 1230). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Casimirus" at son of Miezko[481]. He succeeded his father in 1211 as KASIMIR I Duke of Oppeln. The Annales Cracovienses Compilati record the death in 1236 of "Kazimir dux Opiliensis"[482]. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 13 May of “Casimirus dux fundator huius loci”[483]. m ([1212/20]) VIOLA, daughter of ---, from Bulgaria (-7 Sep 1251). The Annales Silesiæ Superioris record the death in 1251 of "Viola domna de Opil"[484]. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 7 Sep of “Woyla ducissa Oppoliensis”[485]. Kasimir I & his wife had [four] children:

a) MIESKO (-1246). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Mesico Crassus et Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" as sons of "Casimirus", specifying that Mieszko died without heirs[486]. He succeeded his father in 1230 as MIESKO II Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor. The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record that "Mesko dux de Opol" built a castle in Krakow with "dux Cunradus, [et] Kazimirus filius eius", and the death the same year of Mieszko[487]. The Annales Cracovienses Compilati record the death in 1246 of "dux Mesko de Opol"[488]. m ([1238/39]) as his first wife, JUDYTA of Mazovia, daughter of KONRAD I Prince of Mazovia & his wife Agafia Sviatoslavna of Novgorod-Sieviersk ([1222/25]-[4 Dec 1257/65]). She married secondly ([2/8] Feb 1252) Heinrich III Duke of Breslau [Piast]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to the wife of "Mesico Crassus [dux] Ratheborgensis" as "filiam ducis Cuiavie et Mazovie Conradi", without naming her, and records her second marriage with "Heinricus tercius Wratislaviensis"[489]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Heinricus tercius" married "filia Conradi Coyaviensis ducis, relicta Mesiconis Rathiboriensis" who was the mother of his children[490]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.

b) WLADISLAW (-18 May or 27 Aug [1281/82]). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Mesico Crassus et Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" as sons of "Casimirus"[491]. He succeeded as WLADISLAW Duke of Oppeln.

- see below.

c) [WENZESLAWA [Więceslawa] (-1 Jul ----). The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 1 Jul of “Wenceslava domicella fundatrix huius loci”[492]. The primary source which confirms Wenzeslawa’s parentage has not been identified. Considering that her supposed paternal grandparents and her father are recorded in the same necrology as founders, from a chronological point of view it appears impossible that Wenzeslawa was one of the original co-founders if she was Kasimir’s daughter.]

d) EUPHROSYNE [Eufrozyna] ([1228/30]-4 Nov 1292). She acted on behalf of her son Władysław "Lokietek" during his minority, for example in 1273 in a jurisdictional dispute with the Knights of the Teutonic Order[493]. "Dominus Mstywg…dux Pomoranie…cum…coniuge nostra Effrosina" donated property to the church of St John the Baptist at Sworinagatz for a new monastery by charter dated 1275[494]. "Evfrosina…ducissa Kuiauie, Lanchicie et Syradie relicta…ducis Kazimiii dictarum terrarum quondam domini" donated property received from "dux Pomoranie dominus Mstiugius" to Gnesen by charter dated 27 Oct 1292[495]. m firstly (1257) as his third wife, KAZIMIERZ Prince of Kujavia, son of KONRAD I Prince of Mazovia [Piast] & his wife Agafia Sviatoslavna of Novgorod-Sieviersk ([1211]-14 Nov 1267). m secondly (1275, divorced before Aug 1288) as his second wife, MESTWIN [Mszczuj] II Duke of Pommerellen [Pomorze] Herzog von Schwetz [Świecie], son of SWANTOPOLK I Duke of Pommerellen & his [second/third wife Euphrosyne ---/Ermengarda von Schwerin] (-25 Dec 1294).

2. LUDMILLA (-14 Jan 12--). The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 14 Jan of “Ludmilla ducissa filia Mesconis hæres huius loci”[496].

3. AGNES (-9 May 12--). The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 9 May of “Agnes ducissa filia Mesconis hæres huius loci”[497].

4. EUPHROSYNE (-25 May 12--). The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 25 May of “Euphrosina ducissa Mesconis filia”[498].

5. [RICHEZA (-after 24 Sep 1239).]

WLADISLAW von Oppeln, son of KASIMIR I Duke of Oppeln [Piast] & his wife Viola --- (-18 May or 27 Aug [1281/82]). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Mesico Crassus et Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" as sons of "Casimirus"[499]. He succeeded as WLADISLAW Duke of Oppeln. “Wladislaus filius Kazimiri...dux de Oppol...cum...coniuge nra Zusanna et filiis nris...Miskone Kazimiro et Boleslao” donated property to Ruda by charter dated 21 Oct 1258[500]. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 18 May of “Wladislaus dux Oppoliensis”[501]. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the deaths 18 May and 27 Aug of “Wladislaus dux Oppoliensis”[502]. It is not known which entry refers to Wladislaw Duke of Oppeln.

m (1251) EUPHEMIA [Susanna?] of Poland, daughter of WŁADYSŁAW Prince of Kalisch, Poznan and Greater Poland [Piast] & his wife Hedwig von Pommerellen (-15 Feb after 1281). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to the wife of "Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" as "filia ducis Gneznensis Loczislai filii Odonis" without naming her[503]. “Wladislaus filius Kazimiri...dux de Oppol...cum...coniuge nra Zusanna et filiis nris...Miskone Kazimiro et Boleslao” donated property to Ruda by charter dated 21 Oct 1258[504]. It is unclear whether “Zusanna” in this document represents a mistranscription for “Euphemia”. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 15 Feb of “Eufemia ducissa hæres huius loci”[505].

Wladislaw & his wife had five children:

1. MIEZKO von Oppeln ([1252/56]-[1314/27 Jun 1315]). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Mesiconem Ratheborgensem, Casimirum Butomiensem, Boleslaum Opoliensem et Primislaum Oswetinensem duces" as the four sons of "Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" & his wife[506]. He succeeded as MIEZKO I Duke of Teschen.

- DUKES of TESCHEN.

2. KASIMIR von Oppeln ([1253/57]-10 Mar 1312). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Mesiconem Ratheborgensem, Casimirum Butomiensem, Boleslaum Opoliensem et Primislaum Oswetinensem duces" as the four sons of "Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" & his wife[507]. He succeeded as KASIMIR Duke of Beuthen and Kosel.

- DUKES of BEUTHEN and KOSEL.

3. BOLESLAW von Oppeln ([1254/21 Oct 1258]-14 May 1313). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Mesiconem Ratheborgensem, Casimirum Butomiensem, Boleslaum Opoliensem et Primislaum Oswetinensem duces" as the four sons of "Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" & his wife[508]. He succeeded as BOLESLAW I Duke of Oppeln.

- see below.

4. PRZEMISLAW von Oppeln ([21 Oct 1258/12 Jun 1268]-7 May 1306). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Mesiconem Ratheborgensem, Casimirum Butomiensem, Boleslaum Opoliensem et Primislaum Oswetinensem duces" as the four sons of "Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" & his wife[509]. He succeeded as PRZEMISLAW Duke of Ratibor.

- DUKES of RATIBOR.

5. daughter ([1265]-[1287/88]). m ([1277/80]) as his first wife, HEINRICH IV Duke of Breslau, son of HEINRICH III "White" Duke of Breslau [Piast] & his wife Judyta of Mazovia [Piast] ([1257/58]-24 Jun 1290).

BOLESLAW von Oppeln, son of WLADISLAW Duke of Oppeln & his wife Euphemia of Poland [Piast] ([1254/21 Oct 1258]-14 May 1313). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Mesiconem Ratheborgensem, Casimirum Butomiensem, Boleslaum Opoliensem et Primislaum Oswetinensem duces" as the four sons of "Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" & his wife[510]. “Wladislaus filius Kazimiri...dux de Oppol...cum...coniuge nra Zusanna et filiis nris...Miskone Kazimiro et Boleslao” donated property to Ruda by charter dated 21 Oct 1258[511]. He succeeded his father in [1281/82] as BOLESLAW I Duke of Oppeln. In 1311, he gave military support to rebels in Krakow who aimed to restore Bohemian rule in Poland, but by summer 1312 the rebellion was crushed[512]. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 14 May of “Boleslaus dux Oppoliensis”[513].

m ([1280]) AGNES, daughter of ---. According to Baumgarten, the wife of Duke Boleslaw was named GRIMISLAVA, citing only secondary sources in support[514]. He suggests that she was GRIMISLAVA Vsevolodovna, daughter of VSEVOLOD III Aleksandrovich Prince of Belz & his wife --- (-15 Apr ----), citing in support only secondary sources which he says refer to primary sources which can no longer be found[515].

Boleslaw I & his wife had three children:

1. BOLESLAW von Oppeln ([1290/95]-[Mar 1362/1365]). He succeeded as BOLESLAW Duke of Falkenberg. “Kazisimir...dux Tesnicensis” sold “castrum...Sevor” to “Wladislao fratri nostro duci Bythumensi et Kotzlensi filioque eius Kazimiro primogenito...et aliis pueris eius”, by charter dated 11 Apr 1337, witnessed by “patruis nostris Bolkonis Falckenbergensi, Bolkone Opoliensi, Alberto Streliczensi, ducibus...”[516]. m ([1324/25], Papal dispensation 29 Oct 1325) EUPHEMIA von Breslau, daughter of HEINRICH VI Duke of Breslau [Piast] & his wife Anna of Austria [Habsburg] ([1312/13]-[Feb or 21 Mar] after 1384). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Ofkam…secundam Elisabeth…terciam Gritam" as the three daughters of Heinrich and his wife "filia ducis Austrie, que fuit quondam marchionissa Brandenburgensis", adding that Ofka married "Bolkoni duci Falkenbergensi que vivit adhuc"[517]. Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Henrici ducis Slesie et domini Wratislavie et...Anne uxoris sue...Eufemia predictorum Henrici et Anne filia” and “Boleslaus dux Valkenbergensis Vratislaviensis diocesis”, despite their 4^o consanguinity, dated 29 Oct 1325[518]. Boleslaw & his wife had [eight] children:

a) BOLESLAW ([1326/35]-[19 Aug 1367/25 Jun 1368]).

b) MARGARETA (before 1340-after 12 Jul 1399). m (before 1354) ULRICH [II] Landgraf von Leuchtenberg, son of ULRICH [I] Landgraf von Leuchtenberg & his second wife Anna von Nürnberg (-[27 May 1377/5 Nov 1378]).

c) JUTTA (before 1346-Oct after 1378). m ([1 Jan/4 Aug] 1359]) as his third wife, NIKOLAUS II Herzog von Troppau, son of NIKOLAUS I Herzog von Troppau [Přemyslid] & his wife Adelheid von Habsburg ([1288]-8 Dec 1365).

d) ANNA (before [1342/44]-8 May 1365). Nun at St Klara, Breslau.

e) HEDWIG ([before 1345]-after 1379). Nun at St Clara, Breslau 1359, abbess 1379.

f) WENZEL von Falkenberg (-Jun 1369). He succeeded his father as WENZEL Duke of Falkenberg. m (1364) as her first husband, EUPHEMIA von Kosel, daughter of BOLKO II Duke of Beuthen and Kosel [Piast] & his wife Margareta von Sternberg ([1350/52]-26 Aug 1411). She married secondly (1369) Bolko III Duke of Münsterberg.

g) HEINRICH von Falkenberg (-14 Sep 1382, bur Glogau St Bartholomäus). He succeeded his brother in 1369 as HEINRICH Duke of Falkenberg. Emperor Karl IV confirmed that “Eufemie...Herczogen Bolken Tochter von der Kosil” sold her “Erbeteil...zu Glywicz” and all her rights to Beuthen and Cosel to “Conraden Herczogen in Schlesien und Herrn zu der Olfen und czu der Kozil”, with the consent of “ires Mannes...Bolcken Herczogen in Slezien und Herrn zu Munsterberg Unsers...Schwagers und Fürsten”, without prejudice to the rights of “Herczog Przemislaw von Thesschin...Herzog Conrad von der Olfen...Herczog Heinrichen von Falckenburg”, by charter dated end Dec 1370[519]. m (before 2 Feb 1372) KATHARINA of Moravia, daughter of JOHANN HEINRICH Markgraf of Moravia [Bohemia-Luxembourg] & his second wife Margareta von Troppau und Ratibor [Přemyslid] ([1353]-1378 before 17 Feb). The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon names "Katherinam…et Elizabeth" as the two daughters of "Iohanni" and his wife "Margaretham, filiam Nicolai Ducis Oppauiæ", adding that Katharina married "Duci de Falkenberch"[520].

h) [ELISABETH (-after 25 Jun 1366). Nun at St Klara, Breslau.]

2. BOLESLAW von Oppeln (before 1300-22 Jun 1356). He succeeded in 1331 as BOLESLAW II Duke of Oppeln. “Kazisimir...dux Tesnicensis” sold “castrum...Sevor” to “Wladislao fratri nostro duci Bythumensi et Kotzlensi filioque eius Kazimiro primogenito...et aliis pueris eius”, by charter dated 11 Apr 1337, witnessed by “patruis nostris Bolkonis Falckenbergensi, Bolkone Opoliensi, Alberto Streliczensi, ducibus...”[521].

- see below.

3. ALBRECHT (after 1300-[22 Jan 1366/25 Sep 1375]). Duke of Gross-Strehlitz. “Kazisimir...dux Tesnicensis” sold “castrum...Sevor” to “Wladislao fratri nostro duci Bythumensi et Kotzlensi filioque eius Kazimiro primogenito...et aliis pueris eius”, by charter dated 11 Apr 1337, witnessed by “patruis nostris Bolkonis Falckenbergensi, Bolkone Opoliensi, Alberto Streliczensi, ducibus...”[522]. m (before 1347) AGNES von Hardegg, daughter of BURCHARD von Hardegg Burggraf von Magdeburg & his wife --- (-27 May 1371). Albrecht & his wife had one child:

a) ELISABETH (before 1317-[9 Mar 1360/17 Apr 1361]). m (before 1 Dec 1359) WŁADISŁAW "Biały/the White" Prince of Gniewkowo, son of KAZIMIERZ III Prince of Inowraclaw and Gniewkowo [Piast] & his wife --- (-[29 Feb/1 Mar] 1388)

BOLESLAW von Oppeln, son of BOLESLAW I Duke of Oppeln & his wife Agnes --- (before 1300-22 Jun 1356). He succeeded in 1313 as BOLESLAW II Duke of Oppeln. “Kazisimir...dux Tesnicensis” sold “castrum...Sevor” to “Wladislao fratri nostro duci Bythumensi et Kotzlensi filioque eius Kazimiro primogenito...et aliis pueris eius”, by charter dated 11 Apr 1337, witnessed by “patruis nostris Bolkonis Falckenbergensi, Bolkone Opoliensi, Alberto Streliczensi, ducibus...”[523]. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 22 Jun of “Boleslaus dux Oppoliensis”[524].

m ([1324/6 May 1326], Papal dispensation 23 May 1327) ELISABETH von Schweidnitz, daughter of BERNHARD Duke of Schweidnitz [Piast] & his wife Kunigunde of Poland [Piast] ([1309/15]-8/9 Feb 1348). Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Boleslai ducis Opoliensis” and “Elizabeth nate quondam Bernardi ducis Slesie ac domini de Furstenbert”, despite their 3^o and 4^o consanguinity, dated 23 May 1327[525].

Boleslaw II & his wife had [eight] children:

1. WLADISLAW of Oppeln ([1326/30]-8 or 18 May 1401). He succeeded in 1356 as WLADISLAW Duke of Oppeln. “Bolko et Bernhardus fratres germani...duces et domini Opolienses...et...Joannis...Episcopi Caminensis fratris nostri...et patruus noster dux Ladislaus” proposed an alliance with other Silesian princes against a siege of Oppeln by charter dated 1396[526]. Palatine of Hungary. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 18 May of “Wladislaus dux Oppoliensis”[527]. m firstly ([1352/55]) ELISABETH Bassaraba, daughter of NICOLA ALEXANDRU Bassaraba Voivode of Wallachia & his first wife Maria --- ([1340]-[1367/69]). m secondly (after [1367/69]) EUPHEMIA of Mazovia, daughter of SIEMOWIT of Mazovia [later SIEMOWIT III "Starszy" Prince of Mazovia] & his first wife Euphemia von Troppau [Přemyslid] (-[21 Jun 1418/9 Dec 1424]). Wladislaw & his first wife had three children:

a) KINGA ([1355/57]-after 1369). Nun of St Klara at Alt-Buda.

b) ELISABETH ([1360]-[1374]). m (1372) as his first wife, JODOK [Jobst] of Moravia, son of JOHANN HEINRICH Markgraf of Moravia [Bohemia-Luxembourg] & his second wife Margareta von Troppau und Ratibor [Přemyslid] (1354-Spielberg near Brno 18 Jan 1411, bur Brno St Thomas). He succeeded his father in 1375 as Markgraf of Moravia. Markgraf von Brandenburg 1388.

c) KATHARINA (-6 Jun 1420). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium names "Katherine" as mother of "in Sagano dux Johannes filius ducis Hinrici dicti Sperling" and his three brothers "Hinricum, Rampuldum et Wentczeslaum", adding that she died "in Freynstadt"[528]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. m ([1378/86]) HEINRICH VI Duke of Glogau and Sagan, son of HEINRICH III Duke of Glogau and Sagan [Piast] & his wife Anna of Mazovia [Piast] (1360-14 Mar 1397).

Wladislaw & his second wife had two children:

d) HEDWIG ([1376/78]-after 13 May 1390). m (before 25 Jan 1390) WIGAND [Wigunt] ALEKSANDER of Lithuania Prince of Kirnovo, son of ALGIRDAS [Olgierd] Grand Duke of Lithuania & his second wife Iuliana Aleksandrovna of Tver [Rurikid] (-28 Jun 1392).

e) EUPHEMIA (-before 30 Mar 1408).

2. BOLESLAW von Oppeln ([1330/37]-21 Oct 1382). He succeeded in 1356 as BOLESLAW III Duke of Oppeln.

- see below.

3. HEINRICH ([1337/18 Aug 1338]-[18 Aug 1356/23 Oct 1365]). Canon at Breslau Cathedral.

4. KUNIGUNDE ([1340]-after 4 Jul 1372). Nun at St Klara in Alt-Buda.

5. AGNES (-after 1 Jun 1390). Nun.

6. ELISABETH (-after 25 Apr 1382). Nun at Trebnitz.

7. ANNA (-after 12 Mar 1411). Nun of St Klara at Breslau.

8. [529][AGNES (-before 9 Nov 1411). m (1374) as his second wife, JODOK [Jobst] of Moravia, son of JOHANN HEINRICH Markgraf of Moravia [Bohemia-Luxembourg] & his second wife Margareta von Troppau und Ratibor [Přemyslid] (1354-Spielberg near Brno 18 Jan 1411, bur Brno St Thomas). He succeeded his father in 1375 as Markgraf of Moravia. Markgraf von Brandenburg 1388.]

BOLESLAW von Oppeln, son of BOLESLAW II Duke of Oppeln [Piast] & his wife Elisabeth von Schweidnitz [Piast] ([1330/37]-21 Oct 1382). He succeeded in 1356 as BOLESLAW III Duke of Oppeln.

m ([1355/60]) ANNA, daughter of --- (-8 Apr 1378). The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 8 Apr of “Anna ducissa Oppoliensis”[530].

Boleslaw & his wife had five children:

1. JOHANN von Oppeln ([1360/64]-3 Mar 1421). Bishop of Posen 1382. Bishop of Włocławek 1384/1389. Bishop of Gnesen 1389, resigned 1394. Bishop of Kammin 1394-1398. “Bolko et Bernhardus fratres germani...duces et domini Opolienses...et...Joannis...Episcopi Caminensis fratris nostri...et patruus noster dux Ladislaus” proposed an alliance with other Silesian princes against a siege of Oppeln by charter dated 1396[531]. Bishop of Kulm 1398-1402. He succeeded in 1402 as JOHANN Kropidło Duke of Oppeln. Bishop of Włocławek [Leslau] 1402.

2. BOLESLAW von Oppeln ([1363/67]-6 May 1437). BOLESLAW IV Duke of Oppeln. “Bolko et Bernhardus fratres germani...duces et domini Opolienses...et...Joannis...Episcopi Caminensis fratris nostri...et patruus noster dux Ladislaus” proposed an alliance with other Silesian princes against a siege of Oppeln by charter dated 1396[532]. An indication of the relative status of the Silesian princes is provided by a charter dated Jul 1401 which records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[533]. m ([1393/1400]) MARGARETA [534][von Görz], daughter of --- (-6 Dec 1437). Boleslaw IV & his wife had five children:

a) BOLESLAW von Oppeln ([1394/1400]-29 May 1460). BOLESLAW V Duke of Oppeln. m firstly ([1418], divorced 1451) ELŽBIETA Granowska, daughter of VINCENZ Granowski & his wife Elžbieta von Pilczy (-after 2 Sep 1452). m secondly (1451) JADWIGA Beess von Kujawy, daughter of HINCZE Beess von Kujawy & his wife --- (-1 Feb after 1461). Boleslaw & his [first/second] wife had one child:

i) WENZEL (-before 14 Mar 1453).

b) MARGARETA ([1412/14]-15 Jan 1454). m (before 15 Oct 1426) LUDWIG III Duke of Lüben and Ohlau, son of HEINRICH IX Duke of Haynau, Lüben and Ohlau [Piast] & his wife Margareta von Teschen [Piast] (before 1405-1441 before 18 Jun).

c) JOHANN von Oppeln (-[5 Sep] 1439). Duke of Oppeln. Deacon at Oppeln. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 5 Sep of “Joannes dux Oppoliensis”[535]. No other link has been found between this entry and the son of Duke Boleslaw IV.

d) HEINRICH (-8 Apr 1436).

e) NIKOLAUS von Oppeln ([1420]-29 Jul or 3 Jul 1476). He succeeded as NIKOLAUS I Duke of Oppeln. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the deaths 29 Jun and 3 Jul of “Nikolaus dux Oppoliensis”[536]. It is not known which entry refers to Duke Nikolaus I. m ([Jan/Feb] 1442) MAGDALENA von Brieg, daughter of LUDWIG II Duke of Brieg and Liegnitz [Piast] & his second wife Elisabeth von Brandenburg [Hohenzollern] ([1425/30]-10 Sep 1497). The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 7 Sep of “Magdalena ducissa Oppoliensis”[537]. Nikolaus & his wife had ten children:

i) MACHNA ([1442/50]-[1468/26 Apr 1472]). m (1463 before 23 Feb) PREMISLAW Duke of Tost, son of KASIMIR I Duke of Auschwitz [Piast] & his first wife Anna von Glogau [Piast] (1425-Dec 1484)

ii) ELISABETH (-29 Aug 1507). Abbess of St Clara in Breslau 1473.

iii) LUDWIG ([1450]-[23 May 1475/4 Sep 1476]).

iv) HANUŠ von Oppeln ([1458/60]-27 Mar 1532). He succeeded as HANUŠ Duke of Oppeln. He inherited the Duchy of Ratibor after the death in 1521 of Valentin Duke of Ratibor [Přemyslid], who was his nephew, son of his sister Magdalena. He sold the duchy of Ratibor to the Markgrafen of Brandenburg-Ansbach in 1532[538]. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 27 Mar of “Joannes dux Oppoliensis”[539].

v) MAGDALENA (-May 1501). m ([13 Jan 1478]) JOHANN V Duke of Ratibor, son of WENZEL III von Troppau Duke of Ratibor [Přemyslid] & his wife Margareta Szamotuły ([1443]-14 Apr 1493).

vi) NIKOLAUS von Oppeln (-27 Jun 1497). He succeeded as NIKOLAUS II Duke of Oppeln.

vii) KATHARINA (-26 Aug 1507). Nun of St Klara at Breslau 1481.

viii) BOLESLAW (-before 27 Jan 1477).

ix) BERNHARD (-before 27 Jan 1477).

x) daughter (-Aug 1507). Nun of St Klara at Breslau.

3. HEINRICH ([1374]-22 Dec 1394).

4. BERNHARD ([1374/78]-2 or 4 Apr 1455). “Bolko et Bernhardus fratres germani...duces et domini Opolienses...et...Joannis...Episcopi Caminensis fratris nostri...et patruus noster dux Ladislaus” proposed an alliance with other Silesian princes against a siege of Oppeln by charter dated 1396[540]. An indication of the relative status of the Silesian princes is provided by a charter dated Jul 1401 which records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[541]. Duke of Falkenburg. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 2 Apr of “Bernardus dux Oppoliensis”[542]. m (1401) JADWIGA von Melsztyn, daughter of SPYTKO von Melsztyn & his wife --- (-23 Oct 1424).

5. ANNA (before 8 Apr 1378-2 Dec 1455). Abbess of Trebnitz 1428.

Chapter 12. DUKES of RATIBOR [RACIBÓRZ] [1281/82]-1521

The town of Racibórz [Ratibor] is located on the river Oder about 50 kilometres south of Opole [Oppeln]. Located in the southern part of the Upper Silesian duchy of Oppeln, the duchy of Ratibor was inherited by Przemislaw, youngest son of Wladislaw Duke of Oppeln who died in [1281/82]. After the death without children in 1336 of Przemislaw’s son Duke Leszek, the duchy was annexed to the Bohemian crown and granted to Leszek’s brother-in-law Nikolaus II Duke of Troppau. His descendants ruled Ratibor until the death in 1521 of Duke Valentin, who was succeeded by his maternal uncle Hanuš Duke of Oppeln.

A. DUKES of RATIBOR [RACIBÓRZ] [1281/82]-1336 (PIAST)

PRZEMISLAW von Oppeln, son of WLADISLAW Duke of Oppeln [Piast] & his wife Euphemia of Poland [Piast] ([21 Oct 1258/12 Jun 1268]-7 May 1306). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Mesiconem Ratheborgensem, Casimirum Butomiensem, Boleslaum Opoliensem et Primislaum Oswetinensem duces" as the four sons of "Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" & his wife[543]. He succeeded as PRZEMISLAW Duke of Ratibor.

m ([1289/91]) ANNA of Mazovia, daughter of KONRAD II of Prince of Mazovia & his wife Jadwiga von Schlesien-Liegnitz ([1270]-after 13 Jul 1324).

Przemislaw & his wife had four children:

1. LESZEK ([1290/92]-1336). He succeeded his father in 1306 as LESZEK Duke of Ratibor. After Jan King of Bohemia invaded Silesia in early 1327, he imposed Bohemian suzerainty on Duke Leszek 18/19 Feb 1327[544]. “Lestko...dux Rathiborgensis” pledged “civitatem Cozlam” to “Wladislai...ducis Buthumiensis ac puerorum eius...fratri nostro” [really his first cousin] for 15 years in return for a loan, naming “sorori nostre...domine Offke, claustrali Rathboriensi”, by charter dated 15 Feb 1334[545]. After the death of Duke Leszek, Ratibor was annexed to the Bohemian crown 14 Jan 1337[546]. m ([1332/33], Papal dispensation 3 Jan 1333) as her first husband, AGNES von Glogau und Sagan, daughter of HEINRICH II Duke of Glogau and Sagan & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg ([1312/21]-6/7 Jul 1362). Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Lestkonis ducis Ratiboriensis” and “Agnes nata...Henrici ducis Slesie”, despite their 4^o consanguinity, dated 3 Jan 1333[547]. She married secondly ([1341/45]) Ludwig von Liegnitz, who succeeded in 1348 as LUDWIG I Duke of Brieg.

2. ANNA ([1292/98]-[1 Jan/21 Aug] 1340). m ([1318]) as his first wife, NIKOLAUS II Duke of Troppau, son of NIKOLAUS I Duke of Troppau [Přemyslid] & his wife Adelheid von Habsburg ([1288]-8 Dec 1365). After the death of his brother-in-law Duke Leszek, Ratibor was annexed to the Bohemian crown 14 Jan 1337 and placed under the administration of Nikolaus[548], who was declared Duke of Ratibor. Kazimierz III King of Poland attacked Ratibor in 1345, but retreated after being threatened by a large Bohemian army[549].

3. EUPHEMIA ([1299/1301]-17 Jan 1359). Prioress at Ratibor. “Lestko...dux Rathiborgensis” pledged “civitatem Cozlam” to “Wladislai...ducis Buthumiensis ac puerorum eius” for 15 years in return for a loan, naming “sorori nostre...domine Offke, claustrali Rathboriensi”, by charter dated 15 Feb 1334[550].

4. KONSTANZE (before 1307-1351).

B. DUKES of RATIBOR [RACIBÓRZ] 1337-1521 (PŘEMYSLID)

NIKOLAUS von Troppau, son of NIKOLAUS I Duke of Troppau [Přemyslid] & his wife Adelheid von Habsburg ([1288]-8 Dec 1365). He succeeded his father in 1318 as NIKOLAUS II Duke of Troppau. After the death of his brother-in-law Duke Leszek, Ratibor was annexed to the Bohemian crown 14 Jan 1337 and placed under the administration of Nikolaus[551], who was declared Duke of Ratibor. Kazimierz III King of Poland attacked Ratibor in 1345, but retreated after being threatened by a large Bohemian army[552].

1. other children: DUKES of TROPPAU.

2. HANUŠ von Troppau ([1332]-1381). He succeeded in 1365 as HANUŠ I Duke of Ratibor. Emperor Karl IV King of Bohemia settled a territorial dispute between “Johans Herczog zu Troppaw” and “Herczog Niclas sein Bruder” regarding the inheritance from their respective mothers, with the consent of “Lodwig Herczogen zu dem Brieg unsern...Oheim und Przimcken Herczogen zu Tesschin”, by charter dated 1367[553]. “Herczog Hanns...der erstgeborne Son des...Herczog Niclas Herrn zu Troppow” agreed the marriage contract with “Herczog Heinrich Herrn zu Glogow und seymr Tochter Junkvrown Annam” by charter dated 20 Jan 1361[554]. Herzog von Jägerndorf, Freudenthal und Fürstenwalde 1377. m (contract 20 Jan 1361) ANNA von Sagan, daughter of HEINRICH III Duke of Glogau and Sagan [Piast] & his wife Anna of Mazovia [Piast] (-[14 Jul/1 Sep] 1405). “Herczog Hanns...der erstgeborne Son des...Herczog Niclas Herrn zu Troppow” agreed the marriage contract with “Herczog Heinrich Herrn zu Glogow und seymr Tochter Junkvrown Annam” by charter dated 20 Jan 1361[555]. Hanuš I & his wife had three children:

a) JOHANN FERREUS ([1365]-12 Aug 1424). He succeeded in 1384 as JOHANN II Duke of Ratibor, Duke of Troppau. Wenzel IV King of Bohemia acknowledged the allegiance of “Przymke, Johanns und Niclass Herczogen zu Troppaw unsre...Vettern” by charter dated Aug 1404[556]. Herzog von Jägerndorf 1422. m (before 16 Jan 1407) ELENA of Lithuania, daughter of KORYBUT DMITRY of Lithuania Prince of Starodub and Trubeshevsk & his wife Anna Ivanovna of Druck (-after 2 Mar 1449). Johann II & his wife had three children:

i) NIKOLAUS ([1400]-27 Dec 1452). He succeeded in 1437 as NIKOLAUS VI Duke of Troppau in Jägerndorf, Rybnik, Pless, Loslau und Bauerwitz.

- DUKES of TROPPAU.

ii) WENZEL ([1405]-29 Oct 1456). He succeeded in 1424 as WENZEL III Duke of Ratibor. m (26 Jun 1442) as her second husband, MARGARETA Szamotuły, widow of KAZIMIERZ II Duke of Mazovia, daughter of VINCENT Szamotuły castellan of Meseritz & his wife --- (-5 Nov 1464). Wenzel & his wife had four children:

(a) JOHANN ([1443]-14 Apr 1493). He succeeded in 1456 as JOHANN V Duke of Ratibor. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records the death 14 Apr of “D. Joannes dux Ratiboriensis”[557]. m ([13 Jan 1478]) MAGDALENA von Oppeln, daughter of NIKOLAUS I Duke of Oppeln [Piast] & his wife Magdalena von Brieg [Piast] (-May 1501). Johann V & his wife had four children:

(1) NIKOLAUS ([1478]-3 Nov 1506). He succeeded in 1493 as NIKOLAUS VII Duke of Ratibor. m (1505) as her first husband, ANNA von Tęczin, daughter of ZBIGNIEW von Tęczin starost at Lemberg & his wife --- (-[1530]). She married secondly (after 1506) Jan Kosciolecz.

(2) JOHANN ([Feb/Apr] 1483]-[3 Nov/19 Dec] 1506). He succeeded as JOHANN VI Duke of Ratibor.

(3) VALENTIN ([1485]-13 Nov 1521). He succeeded his brother 1506 as VALENTIN Duke of Ratibor, Herr zu Oberberg. After his death, the duchy of Ratibor was inherited by his maternal uncle Hanuš Duke of Oppeln[558].

(4) MAGDALENA .

(b) KATHARINA (-[1480]). m WŁODKO von Domoborz castellan of Nakel, son of --- (-beheaded 1467).

(c) HELENA ([1445]-[1480]). m JAN Ostrorog castellan of Meseritz Palatine of Posen, son of --- (-22 Sep 1501).

(d) ANNA ([1450]-[1480]).

iii) MARGARETA ([1410]-5 Jul 1459). m firstly ([1426/30 Jul 1435]) KASIMIR Duke of Auschwitz, son of PREMISLAW Duke of Auschwitz [Piast] & his wife --- (1396-7 Apr 1434). m secondly ([1435/37]) ZIEMOWIT V Prince of Gostyn, son of ZIEMOWIT IV Prince of Plock and Kujavia [Piast] & his wife Aleksandra of Lithuania ([1389]-17 Feb 1442).

b) NIKOLAUS ([1370]-[1406]). Wenzel IV King of Bohemia acknowledged the allegiance of “Przymke, Johanns und Niclass Herczogen zu Troppaw unsre...Vettern” by charter dated Aug 1404[559]. He succeeded in 1405 as NIKOLAUS IV Duke of Troppau, at Freudenthal.

c) MARGARETA ([1380]-before 7 Sep 1407). m (1 Jan 1406) as his first wife, BOLKO I Duke of Auschwitz and Teschen, son of PREMISLAW I Herzog von Teschen & his wife Elisabeth von Beuthen [Piast] ([1363/74]-6 May 1431).

The following person has not been identified except from the necrology entry quoted below which provides no indication of the period during which he may have ruled Ratibor. It is not therefore known whether he was a member of the first or second ducal family of Ratibor, or indeed whether he belonged to a totally different branch of the dukes of Silesia. No other reference has been found to a duke of Ratibor named Wladislaw, nor to any other Silesian duke of that name whose wife’s name was recorded as Margareta. One possibility is an error in the necrology, either in the duke’s or his wife’s names and/or in the territory over which the duke ruled.

1. WLADISLAW (-[21 Jul] ----). Duke of Ratibor. The necrology of Kloster Czarnowanz records “Wladislaus dux Ratibor. cum Margareta coniuge” on 21 Jul[560]. The recording of the husband and wife on the same day suggests that the entry relates to a donation and not the commemoration of their deaths. This couple has not been identified as [1281/82]. m MARGARETA, daughter of ---.

Chapter 13. DUKES of SAGAN [ŻAGAŃ] 1309-1742 (PIAST)

The town of Żagań [Sagan] lies on the river Bóbr, about 30 kilometres west of Glogau and about the same distance from the present-day German border. In medieval times it was located in the north-western part of the duchy of Lower Silesia, west of the duchy of Glogau, east of the Markgrafschaft der Lausitz. After the death in 1309 of Heinrich I Duke of Glogau, his oldest son Heinrich II inherited the duchy of Sagan. His descendants continued to rule Sagan until Duke Johann II who sold the duchy to Saxony in 1475. In 1549, Moritz Elector of Saxony transferred Sagan to Ferdinand King of Bohemia, Archduke of Austria, brother of Emperor Karl V. Albrecht von Waldstein [Wallenstein] Herzog von Friedland bought the duchy of Sagan from Emperor Ferdinand II in 1627. After his assassination in 1634, the emperor granted the duchy to the Lobkowitz family. Sagan was conquered by Prussia and awarded to Prussia under the Treaty of Breslau 1742.

A. DUKES of SAGAN [ŻAGAŃ] 1309-1504 (PIAST)

HEINRICH von Glogau, son of HEINRICH I Duke of Glogau [Piast] & his wife Mechtild von Braunschweig-Lüneburg ([1292/93]-22 Jan 1342, bur Kloster Sagan). The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death of "Heynricus dux Saganensis dictus Fidelis, filius Henrici Glogowiensis", specifying that he was buried in Sagan[561]. He succeeded his father in 1309 as HEINRICH II Duke of Sagan [Żagań]. Following Jan King of Bohemia's invasion of Silesia in early 1327, Duke Heinrich swore allegiance to Bohemia at Breslau[562]: “Henricus...dux Zlesie et Glogovie ac dmnus Saganensis” swore allegiance to King Jan, listing all his towns and castles and naming “fratres nros...Conradum...ducem Zlesie et Glogovie dmnum Olsnensem ac dmnum Joannem ducem Zlesie et Glogovie ac dmnum Stynavie”, by charter dated [8/10] May 1329[563]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Heinrici ducis Saganiensis" was buried "in monasterio canonicarum regularium in Sagano"[564].

m ([5 Jan 1310/29 Feb 1312], Papal dispensation 4^o Avignon 10 Dec 1320) MATHILDE von Brandenburg, daughter of HERMANN Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Anna of Austria ([1298/1300]-[Jul 1325/31 Mar 1329]). Pulcawa's Bohemian Chronicle records that the second of the three daughters of "Hermannus filius Ottonis longi" & his wife married "duci Glogouie"[565]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie name "Mechtildam, filiam marchionis Brandenburgensis" as wife of "Heynricus dux Saganensis dictus Fidelis"[566]. Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Henrico duci Glogoviensi ac...Methilde eius uxori...fili Henrice” and “quondam Hermanni marchionis Brandenburgensis...filia Methildis”, despite 4^o consanguinity, dated 10 Dec 1320[567].

Heinrich II & his wife had [five] children:

1. HEINRICH ([1312/21]-13 Apr 1369). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "unicus eius filius…Heinricus" succeeded "Heinrici ducis Saganiensis"[568]. He succeeded his father in 1342 as HEINRICH III Duke of Glogau and Sagan. On the death of his brother-in-law Bolesław Prince of Płock in 1351, Emperor Karl IV King of Bohemia enfeoffed Duke Heinrich with Płock. This was not accepted by Kazimierz III King of Poland (whom the late Prince had previously named as his heir) who claimed Płock, Wiżna and Zakroczym as lands of the Polish crown[569]. Bohemia accepted this claim in 1353 as part of the arrangements for the marriage of Karl I King of Bohemia with Anna heiress of Schweidnitz and Jauer, all these issues being ratified by the Congress of Prague in May 1356[570]. Duke Heinrich became a close ally of Emperor Karl IV and was sent as ambassador to Constantinople[571]. “Ludwicus...dux Silesiæ et dominus Bregensis” confirmed the agreement between “dux Conradus dominus Olsniecensis patruus noster...et suo primogenito duci Conrado” and “dux Henricus dominus Glogoviensis noster sororius...cum primogenito suo duce Henrico” concerning property left by “quondam memorie ducem Johannem...Grunenberg, Lyndam, Polkowicz Heinczindorff et Mezericz” by charter dated [May] 1365[572]. Cureus records the death in 1369 of “Henricus Ferreus” and his burial “Sagani”, leaving “tres filios...impuberes, Henricos...edita sub nomine trium Henricorum”[573]. m (before 6 Sep 1337) ANNA of Mazovia, daughter of WACŁAW Prince of Plock [Piast] & his wife Danila Elžbieta of Lithuania (1324-16 Feb 1363). “Henricus...dux Glogovie et dnus Saganensis...nec non...dmne Anne conthorali nre legitime...ducatum Plocentie” conferred privileges, by charter dated 7 Sep 1351[574]. The primary source which confirms her parentage more precisely has not been identified. Heinrich III & his wife had five children:

a) HEINRICH von Glogau (before 1345-Heinzendorf 5 Dec 1393). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum seniorum, modernum ducem Saganensem, Heinricum medium Rumpoldum dictum ducem nunc Glogoviensem, et iuniorem Heinricum ducem in Freinstad et in Sprottavia" as the three sons of "Heinrici ducis"[575]. “Ludwicus...dux Silesiæ et dominus Bregensis” confirmed the agreement between “dux Conradus dominus Olsniecensis patruus noster...et suo primogenito duci Conrado” and “dux Henricus dominus Glogoviensis noster sororius...cum primogenito suo duce Henrico” concerning property left by “quondam memorie ducem Johannem...Grunenberg, Lyndam, Polkowicz Heinczindorff et Mezericz” by charter dated [May] 1365[576]. He succeeded his father in 1369 as HEINRICH IV Duke of Sagan and Grossen. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records the death 5 Dec 1393 of "dux Heinricus…in Heinczendorf", adding that he bequeathed "terram ducatus Saganensis" to "domine ducisse Hedwigi conthorali sue, dotis nomine", following a reconciliation after they had lived apart for many years after the death of their only daughter, Heinrich "in Crosna et Butenicz" and his wife "in Sagano"[577]. m ([1371/72]) HEDWIG von Liegnitz, daughter of WENZEL Duke of Liegnitz [Piast] & his wife Anna von Teschen [Piast] ([1351/57]-1 Aug 1409, bur Liegnitz). The Chronica principum Polonie names "ducem Rupertum, modernum Legnicensem dominum, Wenceslaum quondam Lubucensem nunc vero Wratislaviensum episcopus, Boleslaum et Heinricum decanum et canonicum Wratislavensem, postea episcopum Wratislavensem, nec non Hedwigim filiam" as the children of "dux Wenceslausi", adding that Hedwig married "seniori duci Heinrico Saganensi moderno"[578]. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records that "domina Hedwigis ducissa Saganensis…cum domino Wenczeslao episcopo Wratislaviensi et duce Ruperto Legnitczensi, quorum soror fuit" founded "in ecclesia collegiata dominici…in Legnitcz"[579]. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records the death in 1409 of "domina Hedwigis ducissa Saganensis, relicta ducis Hinrici senioris" and her burial "in ecclesia collegiata dominici…in Legnitcz"[580]. Heinrich IV & his wife had one child:

i) daughter (-before [1372/90]). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records that "dux Heinricus" and "domine ducisse Hedwigi conthorali sue" had "unicam prolem genitam" who predeceased her parents[581].

b) ANNA (before 1350-[14 Jul/1 Sep] 1405). “Herczog Hanns...der erstgeborne Son des...Herczog Niclas Herrn zu Troppow” agreed the marriage contract with “Herczog Heinrich Herrn zu Glogow und seymr Tochter Junkvrown Annam” by charter dated 20 Jan 1361[582]. m (contract 20 Jan 1361) HANUŠ I Duke of Ratibor, son of NIKOLAUS II Herzog von Troppau und Ratibor [Přemyslid] & his first wife Anna von Ratibor [Piast] ([1332]-1381).

c) HEDWIG ([before 1350-27 Mar 1390). The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. Her first marriage was arranged by King Kazimierz to strengthen his ties with Emperor Karl IV, who was a close associate of her father, and with a view to eventually inheriting a share of her father's Silesian lands[583]. The couple were married on the basis of a forged Papal dispensation, needed because the king's second marriage had not been dissolved and because the parties were related in the fourth degree. Pope Urban V tacitly absolved the king of misconduct by letter 28 May 1368, presumably because Polish troops supported his military campaign against Bernabò Visconti in Italy, but still refused to annul his second marriage[584]. m firstly (Spring/Summer 1365[585]) as his fourth wife, KAZIMIERZ III "Wielki/the Great" King of Poland, son of WŁADYSŁAW I "Łokietek/Ellenbogen" King of Poland & his wife Jadwiga of Poland (30 Apr 1310-Krakow 5 Nov 1370, bur Krakow Cathedral). m secondly (before 10 Feb 1372) RUPRECHT I Duke of Liegnitz, son of WENZEL Duke of Liegnitz [Piast] & his wife Anna von Teschen [Piast] ([1340/47]-1409 before 12 Jan)

d) HEINRICH von Glogau (-24 Dec 1394, bur Sagan). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum seniorum, modernum ducem Saganensem, Heinricum medium Rumpoldum dictum ducem nunc Glogoviensem, et iuniorem Heinricum ducem in Freinstad et in Sprottavia" as the three sons of "Heinrici ducis"[586]. He succeeded his father in 1369 as HEINRICH V "Rumpold" Duke of Glogau. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records the death "vigilie nativitatis" in 1394 of "dux vocabatur Rumpoldus et Heynricus mayor, mayor a magnitudine corporis" and his burial "in Saganum…in sepultura mayorum suorum"[587].

e) HEINRICH von Glogau ([1360]-14 Mar 1397). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum seniorum, modernum ducem Saganensem, Heinricum medium Rumpoldum dictum ducem nunc Glogoviensem, et iuniorem Heinricum ducem in Freinstad et in Sprottavia" as the three sons of "Heinrici ducis"[588]. He succeeded his father in 1369 as HEINRICH VI Duke of Glogau and Sagan.

- see below.

2. [BARBARA [Adelheid?] (after [1310/12]-[before 1340]). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Ernest, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Hertoghe...to Gotting” married “des Hertoghen dochter van dem Sagen...Barbara”[589]. This marriage has not been corroborated in any earlier primary source and the accuracy of the information is unknown. The entry is included in the Chronicon under the general heading “1319”. That date would be early for this marriage, but Botho does not consistently record events chronologically. If the marriage is correct, the chronology of the Sagan family suggests that Barbara would have been the daughter of Duke Heinrich II. Botho’s Chronicon is not consistently reliable: indeed the following entry in the text, recording the marriage of Heinrich [II] Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, misidentifies his wife’s father. However, in the absence of other data, the marriage cannot be dismissed entirely as a possibility especially as the estimated date of Ernst’s known marriage to Adelheid is late for a first marriage considering his estimated birth date. Another possibility is that “Barbara” (a name otherwise unknown in the Silesian ducal families before the late 14th/early 15th century) in the Chronica was an error for “Adelheid” and that Ernst’s supposed first and second wives were in fact the same person. m ([after 1325]) [as his first wife,] ERNST Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen, son of ALBRECHT II "der Fette/der Feiste" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Göttingen und Braunschweig & his wife his wife Richza von Werle ([1305]-13 Jul 1366, bur Göttingen St Paul).]

3. AGNES ([1312/21]-6/7 Jul 1362). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Ludwicus" married "filiam ducis Heinrici Glogoviensis et Saganensis"[590]. Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Lestkonis ducis Ratiboriensis” and “Agnes nata...Henrici ducis Slesie”, despite their 4^o consanguinity, dated 3 Jan 1333[591]. Pope Clement VI issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Ludovici ducis Legnicensis” and “Agnetis nate quondam Henrici ducis Saganensis”, despite their 3^o and 4^o consanguinity, dated 9 Jul 1351[592]. m firstly ([1332/33], Papal dispensation 3 Jan 1333) LESZEK Duke of Ratibor, son of PRZEMISLAW Duke of Ratibor [Piast] & his wife Anna of Mazovia [Piast] ([1290/92]-1336). m secondly ([1341/45], Papal dispensation 9 Jul 1351) LUDWIG von Liegnitz, son of BOLESLAW III Duke of Breslau, Liegnitz and Brieg [Piast] & his first wife Margareta of Bohemia ([1313/21]-1398). He succeeded in 1348 as LUDWIG I Duke of Brieg.

4. SALOMEA (-after 12 Jun 1359). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m ([1328/35]) as his second wife, HEINRICH [II] von Plauen gt von Schwarzburg Vogt zu Plauen, son of HEINRICH [I] Vogt von Plauen & his wife Jutta von Schwarzburg-Blankenburg (-18 Dec 1350).

5. HEDWIG ([1312/16]-1348). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Abbess of Trebnitz.

HEINRICH von Glogau, son of HEINRICH III Duke of Glogau and Sagan [Piast] & his wife Anna of Mazovia [Piast] ([1360]-14 Mar 1397). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Heinricum seniorum, modernum ducem Saganensem, Heinricum medium Rumpoldum dictum ducem nunc Glogoviensem, et iuniorem Heinricum ducem in Freinstad et in Sprottavia" as the three sons of "Heinrici ducis"[593]. He succeeded his father in 1369 as HEINRICH VI Duke of Glogau and Sagan. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records the death 14 Mar 1397 of "dux…Heynricus junior", adding that he left "quatuor parvulos, sub tutela domini Ruperti ducis Legniczensis"[594].

m ([1378/86]) KATHARINA von Oppeln, daughter of WLADISLAW Duke of Oppeln, Palatine of Hungary & his first wife Elisabeth Bassaraba (-6 Jun 1420). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium names "Katherine" as mother of "in Sagano dux Johannes filius ducis Hinrici dicti Sperling" and his three brothers "Hinricum, Rampuldum et Wentczeslaum", adding that she died "in Freynstadt"[595]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified.

Heinrich VI & his wife had five children:

1. JOHANN von Sagan (1385-12 Apr 1439). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium names "in Sagano dux Johannes filius ducis Hinrici dicti Sperling"[596]. He succeeded his father in 1397 as JOHANN I Duke of Sagan.

- see below.

2. HEINRICH von Sagan ([1389/90]-Crosnaw or Freistadt 11 Nov 1467, bur Freistadt). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium names "Hinricum, Rampuldum et Wentczeslaum" as the three brothers of "in Sagano dux Johannes filius ducis Hinrici dicti Sperling", adding that Heinrich and Rumpold were granted "Glogoviam, Polkewiva, Freynstad, Sproctaviam, Grunenberg et Czolchew" in the division of territories agreed with their brother[597]. He succeeded as HEINRICH VII Duke of Glogau. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records the death in 1468 "in Crosnaw" of "dux Hinricus senior octuagenarius et ultra, frater ducis Wenczeslai, Johannis Saganensis et Rumpuldi" and his burial "in Freynstadt"[598]. Cureus records the death 11 Nov 1467 at Freistadt of Duke Heinrich[599]. m ([1423/31]) HEDWIG von Oels, daughter of KONRAD III Duke of Oels [Piast] & his wife Guta --- (-[25 Jun 1447/1453]). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Heinrich VII & his wife had [seven] children:

a) SIGISMUND ([1431/32]-Freistadt 24 Dec 1458). “Sigismundus Henrici principis filius juvenis annorum XXVIII” died 24 Dec 1458 “Freystadii”[600].

b) HEINRICH von Glogau ([1429/35]-22 Feb 1476). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium names "Hinricum juniorem" as only heir of "dux Hinricus senior octuagenarius et ultra, frater ducis Wenczeslai, Johannis Saganensis et Rumpuldi"[601]. He succeeded his father in 1467 as HEINRICH IX Duke of Glogau. Cureus records the death 11 Nov 1467 at Freistadt of Duke Heinrich and the succession of “unicus filius Henricus Undecimus”, adding that he was “bonitate patre non inferior, sed ingenio et corpore imbecillior”[602]. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records the death 22 Feb 1476 of "dominus dux Hinricus junior, omnium ducum Glogoviensium de stirpe Hedwigis ultimus"[603]. m (Betrothed Jul 1472, Berlin 11 Oct 1472) as her first husband, BARBARA von Brandenburg, daughter of ALBERT Achilles Elector of Brandenburg & his second wife Anna von Sachsen (Ansbach 30 May 1464-Ansbach 4 Sep 1515, bur Heilsbronn). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Barbara”, who married “Hertoghen Hinrick van Crossen unde van den Sag”, first of the daughters of “Marggreven Albrecht, Marggreven Frederikes sone to Brandenborch unde Borggreve” and his second wife[604]. Cureus records the betrothal in Jul 1472, published in Oct, of “Henrico Freistadiensi” and “Barbara filia Alberti electoris Brandeburgensis, puella annorum septem”[605]. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records that "dominus dux Hinricus junior, omnium ducum Glogoviensium de stirpe Hedwigis ultimus" married "ducisse Barbare filie ducis Adalberti marchionis Brandeburgensis" who married secondly "Wenczeslaus primogenitus regis Polonie"[606]. She married secondly (Frankfurt an der Oder 20 Aug 1476, divorced Rome 7 Apr 1500) as his first wife, Władisław of Poland [Ladislaus II King of Bohemia], who was elected as Ulászló II "Dobre/OK" King of Hungary in 1490.

c) ANNA ([1430/40]-17 Dec 1483). Cureus records that “Anna filia” [of Duke Heinrich VII] married “domino Rosenbergio Bohemio”[607]. m (1454 before 17 Nov) JOHANN [II] von Rosenberg, son of --- (-18 Nov 1472).

d) [ELISABETH (-after Nov 1467). Cureus records that “Anna filia” [of Duke Heinrich VII] married “domino Rosenbergio Bohemio” and that “Elizabeth” lived “apud fratrem”[608]. It is not known whether “Elisabeth” was the same person as one of the other daughters named below.]

e) son (before 30 May 1447-before 11 Nov 1467).

f) HEDWIG ([1440/50]-[28 Jan 1480/30 May 1482]). She succeeded in 1480 as HEDWIG Dss of Lüben.

g) KATHARINA (-after 14 Nov 1497). She succeeded in 1480 as KATHARINA Dss of Lüben.

3. RAMPOLD von Sagan (-1423). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium names "Hinricum, Rampuldum et Wentczeslaum" as the three brothers of "in Sagano dux Johannes filius ducis Hinrici dicti Sperling", adding that Heinrich and Rumpold were granted "Glogoviam, Polkewiva, Freynstad, Sproctaviam, Grunenberg et Czolchew" in the division of territories agreed with their brother[609]. He succeeded as HEINRICH VIII "Rumpold" Duke of Glogau.

4. WENZEL (-[1430/31]). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium names "Hinricum, Rampuldum et Wentczeslaum" as the three brothers of "in Sagano dux Johannes filius ducis Hinrici dicti Sperling", adding that Wenzel was granted "Crossin, Bewtenitcz et Swebucsem" in the division of territories agreed with their brother[610].

5. ANNA (-[1426/33]). m ([1414/17]) as his first wife, KASIMIR I Duke of Auschwitz, son of PREMISLAW Duke of Auschwitz & his wife --- (1396-7 Apr 1434).

JOHANN von Sagan, son of HEINRICH VI Duke of Glogau and Sagan [Piast] & his wife Katharina von Oppeln [Piast] (1385-12 Apr 1439). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium names "in Sagano dux Johannes filius ducis Hinrici dicti Sperling"[611]. He succeeded his father in 1397 as JOHANN I Duke of Sagan. An indication of the relative status of the Silesian princes is provided by a charter dated Jul 1401 which records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[612]. Cureus records the death in 1439 of “Iohannes Saganensis, Henrici frater, vir malus et tyrannus”[613].

m ([1405/09]) SCHOLASTIKA von Sachsen-Wittenberg, daughter of RUDOLF III Herzog zu Sachsen, Elector & his first wife Anna von Thüringen ([1391/95]-[12 May 1461/1463]). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium which names "in Sagano dux Johannes filius ducis Hinrici dicti Sperling" and "domini Rudulphi ducis Saxonie, soceri sui", adding that she was called "Scolasticam"[614]. The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records the death 28 Aug 1460 of "prima uxor ducis Baltazaris in puerperio" and around that time that of "domina Scolastica mater predictorum ducum"[615].

Johann I & his wife had ten children:

1. BALTHASAR von Sagan ([1410/15]-Sagan [15] Jul 1472, bur Sagan). Cureus names “Venceslaum, Rodolphum, Balthasarem et Iohannem” as the four sons of “Iohannes Saganensis...”[616]. He succeeded his father in 1439 as BALTHASAR Duke of Sagan. Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis” invaded Sagan, which was held by “duo fratres Venceslaus et Balthasar cum sororibus”, in 1467 but was defeated at Freistadt 12 Oct[617]. Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis tyrannus” invaded Sagan again in 1472 and captured Balthasar, who died “squalore carceris...in turri Pribusiensi” and was buried 15 Jul at Sagan[618]. m firstly AGNES, daughter of --- (-28 Aug 1460). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records the death 28 Aug 1460 of "prima uxor ducis Baltazaris in puerperio" and around that time that of "domina Scolastica mater predictorum ducum"[619]. m secondly ([4 Sep/12 Dec] 1469) as her first husband, BARBARA von Teschen, daughter of BOLESLAW Duke of Teschen [Piast] & his wife Anna Ivanovna of Bielsk ([1449/53]-[21 Sep 1494/12 May 1507]). Cureus records the wife of Balthasar as “filia ducis Teschinensis”, adding that she was exiled after her husband died and returned to her father[620]. She married secondly ([29 May 1475/18 May 1477]) Hanuš V Duke of Zator [Piast]. Balthasar & his first wife had one child:

a) ANNA (-1463, bur Niemburg). An epitaph in Niemburg church records the death in 1463 of “virguncula Anna nata de Sagana...Baltharis ducis Silesie filia”[621].

2. RUDOLF von Sagan ([1411/18]-killed in battle 18 Sep 1454). Cureus names “Venceslaum, Rodolphum, Balthasarem et Iohannem” as the four sons of “Iohannes Saganensis...”[622]. Cureus records that “Rodulphus” was killed “in bello Prutenico”[623].

3. ANNA ([1408/18]-before 4 Nov 1437]). m ([1424/34]) ALBRECHT [VIII] Graf von Lindow-Ruppin, son of --- (-1460).

4. HEDWIG ([1410/22]-Bernburg 14 May 1497). m (before 11 Mar 1434) as his second wife, BERNHARD VI Fürst zu Anhalt Herr von Bernburg, son of OTTO Fürst zu Anhalt, Herr von Bernburg & his first wife --- (-2 Feb 1468, bur Wiederstedt).

5. MARGARETA ([1415/25]-Salzderhelden after 9 May 1491). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Hinrick, Hertoghen Erekes sone to Brunswick, unde ein Her to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” married “Margaretam, Hertoghen Hans dochter van dem Sage in dem lande to Crossen”[624]. m firstly ([1435]) VOLRAD [II] Graf von Mansfeld, son of --- ([1380-1450). m secondly HEINRICH [XI] Graf von Honstein-Wittenberg, son of --- (-1454). m thirdly (before 27 Jun 1457) HEINRICH III Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, son of ERICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Göttingen ([1416]-Grubenhagen [27 May/20 Dec] 1464, bur Einbeck St Alexander).

6. WENZEL (-30 Apr 1488, bur St Barbara). Cureus names “Venceslaum, Rodolphum, Balthasarem et Iohannem” as the four sons of “Iohannes Saganensis...”[625]. Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis” invaded Sagan, which was held by “duo fratres Venceslaus et Balthasar cum sororibus”, in 1467 but was defeated at Freistadt 12 Oct[626]. An epitaph in St Barbara’s church records the burial of “quondam dux Zlesie et Sagani dnus Wenceslaus” who died 30 Apr 1488[627].

7. BARBARA ([1420/30]-[31 Jan/28 Jul] 1476).

8. SCHOLASTIKA ([1420/30]-before 1489).

9. AGNES ([1430/39]-[1 Feb/6 Dec] 1473).

10. JOHANN von Sagan ([16 Jun 1435]-22 Sep 1504). Cureus names “Venceslaum, Rodolphum, Balthasarem et Iohannem” as the four sons of “Iohannes Saganensis...”[628]. He succeeded his father in 1439 as JOHANN II Duke of Sagan. Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis” invaded Sagan, which was held by “duo fratres Venceslaus et Balthasar cum sororibus”, in 1467 but was defeated at Freistadt 12 Oct[629]. Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis tyrannus” invaded Sagan again in 1472 and captured Balthasar “domino Rosenbergio Bohemio” and that “Elizabeth” lived “apud fratrem”[630]. He sold the duchy of Sagan to Saxony in 1475. The Annales Wratislavienses which record that, after the death in 1490 of “ducis Henrici Glogoviensis”, "dux Iohannes Saganensis" usurped the succession in “Glogoviam, Freistath, Sprottaviam, Swebussim, Grüneberg”, which was challenged by “marchio Brandenburgensis Iohannes hortatu patris sui Alberti electoris imperii”, because of “dotem relicte ducis Henrici, sororis sue”[631]. “Casimirus...Hertzog zu Teschen und Grossglogau Hauptmann in Obern und Nieder Schlesien” granted property transferred from “Hanuss Hertzogen zu Sagan und Glogau und der Hertzogin Catharina der Gemahlin dieses Fürsten zu Sagan” to “Ursula Hertzogin zu Münsterberg Oelss Gräfin zu Glatz” as dower by charter dated 1497[632]. m (before 1462) KATHARINA von Troppau, daughter of WILHELM Duke of Troppau & Münsterberg [Přemyslid] & his wife Salome von Czastolowicz (1443-14 Apr 1505). “E. K. M.” agreed the succession of “meine Mutter Fraw Salomea Herczogin von Troppaw” with “Johanns in Slezien vom Zagan und Grossen-Glogaw Herczogen meinem...Gemahl” by charter dated 1494[633]. “Casimirus...Hertzog zu Teschen und Grossglogau Hauptmann in Obern und Nieder Schlesien” granted property transferred from “Hanuss Hertzogen zu Sagan und Glogau und der Hertzogin Catharina der Gemahlin dieses Fürsten zu Sagan” to “Ursula Hertzogin zu Münsterberg Oelss Gräfin zu Glatz” as dower by charter dated 1497[634]. Johann II & his wife had six children:

a) MARGARETA ([1465/72]-after 1502). Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis” had four daughters, of whom “Margarita” (listed first) married “Baroni Pannonio”[635]. m firstly ([1 Apr 1484]) NIKOLAUS Banffy de Limbow, son of --- (-1501). m secondly (after 1500) JOHANN Hampo, son of --- .

b) SALOMEA ([1475/10 Jan 1476]-1514 before 10 Sep). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records that "dux Johannes…filiabus suis" married "duobus filiis ducis Hinrici de Glatcz et Monsterberg"[636]. Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis” had four daughters, of whom “Salome” (listed second) married “Alberto Monsterbergensi”, a later passage recording the couple’s betrothal in Jan 1487 when the bride was still under 12 years old[637]. m firstly (11 Jan 1487) ALBRECHT Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, son of HEINRICH I "der Ältere" Duke of Münsterberg [Podiebrad] & his wife Ursula von Brandenburg (3 Aug 1468-12 Jul 1511). m secondly ([1512/13]) JOHANN von Kurzbach Freiherr von Trachenberg und Militsch, son of --- (-18 May 1549).

c) HEDWIG (1476-15 Feb 1524). The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records that "dux Johannes…filiabus suis" married "duobus filiis ducis Hinrici de Glatcz et Monsterberg"[638]. Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis” had four daughters, of whom “Heduigis” (listed third) married “Georgio Monsterbergensi”[639]. “Karll...Herczogk zu Münsterbergk in Schlesien zur Oelss Grav zu Glaz...Oberster Hauptmann in Nieder-Schlesien” accepted the bequest from “unser...Gemahel Fraw Anna geborne Herzogin zu Sagan und Schlesien...Schwester...Fraw Hedwigen geborne Herzogin in Schlesien zum Sagan” by charter dated [10 Feb] 1529[640]. m firstly (contract 6 Jan 1488, Jul 1489) GEORG von Münsterberg, son of HEINRICH I "der Ältere" Duke of Münsterberg [Podiebrad] & his wife Ursula von Brandenburg (2 Oct 1470-10 Nov 1502, bur Trebnitz). He succeeded his father in 1498 as GEORG Duke of Münsterberg and Oels. m secondly (23 Oct 1503) SIEGMUND Freiherr von Wartenberg, son of --- (-20 Dec 1518).

d) daughter (1477 before 10 Oct-).

e) ANNA (early 1483-27 Oct 1541). Cureus records that “Iohannes Pribusiensis” had four daughters, of whom “Anna” (listed fourth) married “Carolo Monsterbergensi” and was ancestor of “stirps ducum Olsnicensium”[641]. “Karll...Herczogk zu Münsterbergk in Schlesien zur Oelss Grav zu Glaz...Oberster Hauptmann in Nieder-Schlesien” accepted the bequest from “unser...Gemahel Fraw Anna geborne Herzogin zu Sagan und Schlesien...Schwester...Fraw Hedwigen geborne Herzogin in Schlesien zum Sagan” by charter dated [10 Feb] 1529[642]. m (contract 7 Jan 1488, 3 Mar 1495) KARL von Münsterberg, son of HEINRICH "der Ältere" Duke of Münsterberg & his wife Ursula von Brandenburg (4 May 1476-Frankenstein 31 May 1536). He succeeded his father in 1498 as KARL Duke of Münsterberg and Oels.

f) BARBARA (-6 Apr 1539). Abbess of St Clara in Strehlen 1495.

B. DUKES of SAGAN [ŻAGAŃ] 1627-1634 (WALDSTEIN)

1. ALBRECHT WENZEL EUSEBIUS von Waldstein gt Wallenstein, son of WILHELM [IV] Freiherr von Waldstein & his wife Margaretha [Markéta] Freiin Smirziczky von Smirzicz (Hermanitz an der Elbe [Heřmanice] 24 Sep 1583-assassinated Eger 25 Feb 1634). Commander of the Imperial armies during the Thirty Years War. He bought the Herrschaft Friedland [Frýdlant] from Karl Fürst von Liechtenstein in 1622 and was created Herzog von Friedland in 1625. He was installed as Herzog von Mecklenburg 1 Feb 1628. Duke of Sagan Feb 1628. m firstly as her second husband, LUCRETIA Neková, widow of ARKLEB von Vickov, daughter of --- (-1614). m secondly (9 Jun 1623) MARIA ELISABETH von Harrach, daughter of KARL Graf von Harrach zu Rohrau Freiherr zu Prugg und Pürrhenstein & his wife ---.

C. DUKES of SAGAN [ŻAGAŃ] 1646-1742 (LOBKOWITZ/LOBKOWICZ)

1. WENZEL EUSEBIUS [Václav Eusebius František] von Lobkowitz, son of ZDENĔK VOJTĔCH Popel von Lobkowitz [Lobkowicz] [later Fürst von Lobkowitz] & his wife Polyxena Pernštejn (30 Jan 1609-Roudnice [Raudnitz] 22 Apr 1677, bur Roudnice [Raudnitz]). He succeeded his father in 1628 as Fürst von Lobkowitz. Emperor Ferdinand III installed him as Duke of Sagan in 1646. m firstly (3 Nov 1638) JOHANA Myšková ze Žlunic, daughter of --- (1600-1650). m secondly (Nürnberg 9 Feb 1653) AUGUSTE SOPHIE Pfalzgräfin von Sulzbach, daughter of AUGUST Pfalzgraf von Sulzbach & his wife Hedwig Herzogin von Holstein-Gottorp (Sulzbach 22 Nov 1624-Nürnberg 30 Apr 1682, bur Nürnberg St Lorenz). Wenzel Eusebius & his second wife had children:

a) FERDINAND AUGUST LEOPOLD Prinz von Lobkowitz (1655-Roudnice [Raudnitz] 3 Oct 1715). He succeeded his father in 1677 as Fürst von Lobkowitz, Duke of Sagan. m firstly (Hadamar 8/18 Jul 1677) KLAUDIA FRANZISKA Gräfin von Nassau-Hadamar, daughter of MORITZ HEINRICH Fürst von Nassau-Hadamar & his first wife Ernestine Charlotte Gräfin von Nassau-Siegen (Hadamar 5 Jun 1660-Neustadt an der Waldnaab 6 Mar 1680). m secondly (17 Jul 1680) MARIE ANNA WILHELMINE Markgräfin von Baden-Baden, daughter of WILHELM Markgraf von Baden-Baden & his second wife Marie Magdalene Gräfin von Oettingen (8 Sep 1655-Eger [Cheb], West Bohemia 22 Aug 1702). m thirdly (1703) MARIE PHILIPPINE Gräfin von Althann, daughter of --- (1671-1706). m fourthly (1707) MARIA JOHANNA Pss von Schwarzenberg, daughter of --- (1681-1739). Ferdinand August & his first wife had children:

i) PHILIPP HYAZINTH JOSEPH (1680-Vienna 21 Dec 1737). He succeeded his father in 1715 as Fürst von Lobkowitz, Duke of Sagan. Sagan was conquered by Prussia and awarded to Prussia under the Treaty of Breslau 1742. m firstly ELEONORE KATHARINA CHARLOTTE Popel von Lobkowitz, daughter of ---. Philipp Hyazinth & his first wife had children:

(1) WENZEL FERDINAND (1723-1739). He succeeded his father in 1737 as Fürst von Lobkowitz, Duke of Sagan.

(2) FERDINAND (1724-11 Jan 1784). He succeeded his brother in 1739 as Fürst von Lobkowitz, Duke of Sagan. m (10 Jul 1769) GABRIELLA MARIA di Savoia Pss di Carignano, daughter of LUIGI VITTORIO di Savoia Principe di Carignano & his wife Christina Henrietta Landgräfin von Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg (17 May 1748-19 Apr 1828).

- FÜRSTEN von LOBKOWITZ.

Chapter 14. DUKES of TESCHEN [CIESZYŃ] 1315-1653 (PIAST)

The town of Cieszyń [Teschen] is located in south-east Poland on the east bank of the Olza river, on the frontier with the present-day Republic of Slovakia. On the death of Wladislaw Duke of Oppeln in 1281/82, his oldest son Miesko became Duke of Teschen. Miesko’s descendants ruled Teschen until the death in 1653 of Elisabeth Lukretia Duchess of Teschen when it passed under Habsburg rule.

A. DUKES of TESCHEN [CIESZYŃ] 1315-1653 (PIAST)

MIESKO von Oppeln, son of WLADISLAW Duke of Oppeln & his wife Euphemia of Poland [Piast] ([1252/56]-[1314/27 Jun 1315]). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names (in order) "Mesiconem Ratheborgensem, Casimirum Butomiensem, Boleslaum Opoliensem et Primislaum Oswetinensem duces" as the four sons of "Vlodeslaus duces Ratheborgenses" & his wife[643]. “Wladislaus filius Kazimiri...dux de Oppol...cum...coniuge nra Zusanna et filiis nris...Miskone Kazimiro et Boleslao” donated property to Ruda by charter dated 21 Oct 1258[644]. He succeeded as MIESKO I Duke of Teschen.

m (before 1280) --- (-[1303]).

Miezko I & his wife had three children:

1. WLADISLAW ([1275/80]-[Nov 1321/14 May 1324]). He succeeded as WLADISLAW Duke of Auschwitz [Oświęcim].

- DUKES of AUSCHWITZ.

2. KASIMIR ([1276/80]-1358). He succeeded as KASIMIR I Duke of Teschen. After Jan King of Bohemia invaded Silesia in early 1327, he imposed Bohemian suzerainty on Duke Kasimir 18/19 Feb 1327[645]. “Kazisimir...dux Tesnicensis” sold “castrum...Sevor” to “Wladislao fratri nostro duci Bythumensi et Kotzlensi filioque eius Kazimiro primogenito...et aliis pueris eius”, by charter dated 11 Apr 1337, witnessed by “patruis nostris Bolkonis Falckenbergensi, Bolkone Opoliensi, Alberto Streliczensi, ducibus...”[646]. The description of Wladislaw as Kasimir’s brother has not been explained: they were first cousins. “Kazimir...und Przymcko unser Sune Herczoge czu Teschin” regulated matters at Cosel by charter dated early Dec 1357[647]. m ([1321/24], Papal dispensation 19 Aug 1324) EUPHEMIA of Mazovia, daughter of TROJDEN I Prince of Czersk [Piast] & his Maria Iurievna of Galich ([1310]-after 1373). Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of “Casimiro duci Thossinensi” and “Troydmum ducem Mazovie genitorem...Eufemia [...eius uxori]”, despite their 3^o and 4^o consanguinity, dated 19 Aug 1324[648]. Kasimir I & his wife had nine children:

a) ANNA ([1325]-1367). The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Wenceslaus" married "ducis Theschnensis…filiam"[649]. Duke Wenzel donated property to “cœnobium Grissoviense”, with the consent of “conthoralis nostre domine Anne ducisse Legnicensis nec non filiorum nostrorum...Ruperti, Wenczeslai, Bolezlai et Heynricum”, by charter dated 4 Apr 1362[650]. m ([1338/40]) WENZEL I Duke of Liegnitz, son of BOLESLAW III Duke of Breslau, Liegnitz and Brieg & his first wife Margareta of Bohemia ([1310/18]-2 Jun 1364).

b) WLADISLAW ([1325/31]-May 1355, bur Pisa Cathedral).

c) JOLANTA HELENA (-20 Mar 1364). Abbess of St Clara in Krakow 1361.

d) BOLESLAW ([1331/32]-23 Jul 1356). Canon at Breslau 1349. He was chaplain to Emperor Karl IV. Provost at Prague.

e) PREMISLAW von Teschen ([1332/36]-23 May 1410). “Kazimir...und Przymcko unser Sune Herczoge czu Teschin” regulated matters at Cosel by charter dated early Dec 1357[651]. He succeeded as PREMISLAW I "Noszak" Duke of Teschen. “Przemke...Herzog zu Tessin” agreed to partition the territories of “das Lan czu der Kosil, zu Bythom, zu Pisenkreczin, czu dem Toste, czu Gliwicz...das...Herzog Polko...gelassen hat” with “unserm Bruder...Herzog Conrad von der Oelsen” by charter dated 1357[652]. Emperor Karl IV King of Bohemia confirmed the agreement between “Conradum Olsniczensem” and “Przimislaum Teschincensem...duces principes nostros” dividing “Bythumiam et Pisincreczim” between them, by charter dated 14 Dec 1358[653]. A charter dated 1401 records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[654]. m ([1360/63]) ELISABETH von Beuthen, daughter of BOLKO Duke of Beuthen [Piast] & his wife Margareta von Sternberg ([1347/50]-after 1373). Premislaw I & his wife had three children:

i) PREMISLAW ([1362/70]-murdered 1 Jan 1406). He succeeded as PREMISLAW Duke of Auschwitz.

- DUKES of AUSCHWITZ.

ii) BOLKO ([1363/74]-6 May 1431). He succeeded as BOLKO I Duke of Teschen.

- see below.

iii) ANNA (-after 8 Jul 1403). m (before 29 Sep 1396) HEINRICH IX Duke of Haynau, Lüben and Ohlau, son of HEINRICH VII Herzog von Lüben und Brieg & his first wife Helene von Orlamünde ([1360/68]-[9 Jan 1419/10 Jul 1420]).

f) AGNES (1338-[6 Feb/27 Apr] 1371). “Kazimir und Prczemisl...Herzoge von Teszin” granted property to “Herczoge Conrad von der Oelsse” following his marriage with “unserer Tochter” by charter dated early 1358[655]. m ([1352/23 Feb 1354]) KONRAD II Duke of Oels, son of KONRAD I Duke of Oels [Piast] & his first wife Elisabeth von Breslau [Piast] ([25 Mar 1338/1340]-10 Jun 1403).

g) HANUŠ ([1339/40]-after 18 May 1359). A priest.

h) SIEMOWIT (-[25 Sep 1391]). Knight of the Teutonic Order. Prior of Poland, Bohemia, Moravia, Austria, Styria and Carinthia 1372.

i) ELISABETH (-after 20 Jan 1364). Nun at Trebnitz.

3. VIOLA ELISABETH von Teschen ([1287/91]-21 Sep 1317). The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the marriage "III Non Oct" in 1305 of "Rex Wencezslaus Iuvenis, Ungariæ, Boemiæ et Poloniæ" and "Pbiolca filia Ducis de Tessyn"[656]. The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records that "Dominus Petrus de Rosenberch" repudiated his wife "filiam Henrici de Lipa" and married "Dominam Fiolam, Wencezslai Regis iuvenis relictam"[657]. m firstly (5 Oct 1305) WENZEL III King of Bohemia [VENCEL/LÁSZLÓ King of Hungary], son of WENZEL II King of Bohemia & his first wife Guta of Austria [Habsburg] (6 Oct 1289-murdered Olmütz 4 Aug 1306, bur Olmütz, transferred to Prague Königsaal). m secondly (before 1315) PETER von Rosenberg zu Krumau, Satzau und Zbirow, son of --- (-Hohenfurt 14 Oct 1347)

BOLKO von Teschen, son of PREMISLAW I Herzog von Teschen & his wife Elisabeth von Beuthen [Piast] ([1363/74]-6 May 1431). He succeeded as BOLKO I Duke of Teschen.

m firstly (1 Jan 1406) MARGARETA von Troppau, daughter of HANUŠ I Duke of Ratibor [Přemyslid] & his wife Anna von Sagan [Piast] ([1380]-before 7 Sep 1407).

m secondly (dispensation 27 Jan 1412) EUPHEMIA of Mazovia, daughter of SIEMOWIT IV Prince of Plock and Kujavia [Piast] & his wife Aleksandra of Lithuania ([1395/98]-[25 Jul/17 Sep] 1447).

Bolko I & his second wife had five children:

1. WENZEL von Teschen ([1413/18]-1474). He succeeded as WENZEL I Duke of Teschen. m ([9 Dec 1438/5 Feb 1439]) as her second husband, ELISABETH von Brandenburg, widow of LUDWIG II Duke of Brieg and Liegnitz [Piast], daughter of FRIEDRICH I Elector of Brandenburg [Hohenzollern] & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut ([1 May/29 Sep] 1403-Liegnitz 31 Oct 1449, bur Liegnitz Kartause).

2. WLADISLAW von Teschen ([1420]-[14 Feb 1460]). Duke of Teschen and Glogau. m (1444) as her second husband, MARGARETA of Celje [Cilly], widow of HERMANN [I] Graf von Montfort-Bregenz, daughter of HERMANN [III] Count of Celje [Cilly] & his first wife Elisabeth von Abensberg (-22 Jul 1480). Cureus records that in 1445 “Margarita Ciliensis nupta Vladislao Teschinensi et Glogouiensi, qui hisce annis bellum fecit Vratislauiensibus” came to Glogau to settle the disputes, noting that she was “sapientior et melior marito”[658].

3. PREMISLAW ([1420]-11 or 18 Mar 1477). He succeeded as PREMISLAV II Duke of Teschen. “Sophia...Geborne Herczogin czu Teschen, czu Münsterberg und Troppaw, Gräfin czu Glacz, Fraw von Kunstadt und Podiebrath” transferred her share of the inheritance in Teschen to “Primislawen Herczoge czu Teschen und Herrn czu grossen Glogaw unserm...Vettern...und Herczogk Casimirn czu Teschen unserm...Brudern” by charter dated 5 Apr 1474[659]. m ([1460/68]) ANNA of Mazovia, daughter of BOLESŁAW IV Prince of Warsaw, Ciechanów, Lomscha, and Plock & his wife Barbara --- ([1446/50]-[19 Nov 1477/14 Sep 1480]). Premislaw II & his wife had one child:

a) JADWIGA von Teschen ([1469]-6 Apr 1521). m (11 Aug 1483) as his second wife, ISTVÁN Zápolya Lord of Trenczin, Starost of Silesia, son of LÁSZLÓ [Vajdafi] Déak de Déakfalva Lord of Solymos & his wife --- (-25 Dec 1499).

4. BOLESLAW von Teschen ([1425/28]-4 Oct 1452). He succeeded as BOLESLAW II Duke of Teschen. m (30 Jun 1448) ANNA Ivanovna, daughter of Prince IVAN of Bielsk & his wife --- (-after 12 Feb 1490). Boleslaw II & his wife had three children:

a) KASIMIR von Teschen ([1449/52]-13 Dec 1528). He succeeded in 1468 as KASIMIR II Duke of Teschen.

- see below.

b) SOPHIE ([1449/53]-[1478/79]). “Sophia...Geborne Herczogin czu Teschen, czu Münsterberg und Troppaw, Gräfin czu Glacz, Fraw von Kunstadt und Podiebrath” transferred her share of the inheritance in Teschen to “Primislawen Herczoge czu Teschen und Herrn czu grossen Glogaw unserm...Vettern...und Herczogk Casimirn czu Teschen unserm...Brudern” by charter dated 5 Apr 1474, witnessed by “Herr Niclass von Guttenstein des...Herczogk Victorin czu Münsterbergk und Troppaw Grafen czu Glacz...unsers...Gemahls Hoffmeister...”[660]. m ([1473/5 Apr 1474]) as his second wife, VIKTORYN Podiebrad Duke of Münsterberg and Troppau, son of JIŘI Podiebrad King of Bohemia & his first wife Kunigunde Freiin von Sternberg (29 May 1443-Teschen 30 Aug 1500, bur Glatz). He resigned as Herzog von Troppau in 1485.

c) BARBARA ([1449/53]-[21 Sep 1494/12 May 1507]). Cureus records the wife of Balthasar as “filia ducis Teschinensis”, adding that she was exiled after her husband died and returned to her father[661]. m firstly ([4 Sep/12 Dec] 1469) as his second wife, BALTHASAR Duke of Sagan, son of JOHANN I Duke of Sagan [Piast] & his wife Scholastika von Sachsen-Wittenberg ([1410/15]-15 Jul 1472). m secondly ([1475/77]) HANUŠ V Duke of Zator, son of WENZEL I Duke of Zator & his wife Maria Kopczowska (-1513).

5. ALEXANDRA (-after 6 Oct 1463). m LÁSZLÓ [II] Garay, son of MIKLOS [II] Garay & his second wife Anna von Cilli (-before 19 Apr 1459).

KASIMIR von Teschen, son of BOLESLAW II Duke of Teschen [Piast] & his wife Anna Ivanovna of Bielsk ([1449/52]-13 Dec 1528). He succeeded in 1468 as KASIMIR II Duke of Teschen. “Sophia...Geborne Herczogin czu Teschen, czu Münsterberg und Troppaw, Gräfin czu Glacz, Fraw von Kunstadt und Podiebrath” transferred her share of the inheritance in Teschen to “Primislawen Herczoge czu Teschen und Herrn czu grossen Glogaw unserm...Vettern...und Herczogk Casimirn czu Teschen unserm...Brudern” by charter dated 5 Apr 1474[662]. “Casimirus...Hertzog zu Teschen und Grossglogau Hauptmann in Obern und Nieder Schlesien” granted property transferred from “Hanuss Hertzogen zu Sagan und Glogau und der Hertzogin Catharina der Gemahlin dieses Fürsten zu Sagan” to “Ursula Hertzogin zu Münsterberg Oelss Gräfin zu Glatz” as dower by charter dated 1497[663].

m (before 15 Feb 1480) JOHANNA von Münsterberg und Troppau, daughter of VIKTORYN Podiebrad Duke of Münsterberg and Troppau & his first wife Margareta von Pirkstein ([1460]-28 Jun or 4 Jul 1496).

Kasimir II & his wife had two children:

1. FRIEDRICH ([1480/83]-Jun 1507, bur Siena). Coadjutor of Breslau 1501. Rector of the University of Vienna 1503. Provost at Breslau 1506. .

2. WENZEL von Teschen ([1488/96]-17 Nov 1524). m (1 Dec 1518) ANNA von Brandenburg-Ansbach, daughter of FRIEDRICH V Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach (Ansbach 5 May 1487-7 Feb 1539). Wenzel & his wife had three children:

a) son ([1519/31 May 1520]-before 1 Sep 1525).

b) LUDMILLA ([1520/23]-after Mar 1539).

c) WENZEL ADAM von Teschen (Dec 1524-4 Nov 1579). He succeeded his grandfather in 1528 as WENZEL III ADAM Duke of Teschen.

- see below.

WENZEL ADAM von Teschen, son of WENZEL [II] von Teschen [Piast] & his wife Anna von Brandenburg-Ansbach (Dec 1524-4 Nov 1579). He succeeded his grandfather in 1528 as WENZEL III ADAM Duke of Teschen.

m firstly ([8 Feb 1540]) MARIA von Pernstein, daughter of JOHANN "dem Reichen" Freiherr von Pernstein, Herr der Grafschaft Gleitz & his wife --- (-before 19 Nov 1566).

m secondly (Teschen 25 Nov 1567) as her first husband, SIDONIE KATHARINA von Sachsen-Lauenburg, daughter of FRANZ I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Sibylle von Sachsen (-Jul 1594). She married secondly (Teschen 17 Feb 1586) Emmerich [II] Forgach Obergespann [Graf] von Trentschin [Trencsén].

Wenzel III Adam & his first wife had three children:

1. FRIEDRICH KASIMIR von Teschen ([1541/42]-4 May 1571). m (28 Dec 1563) KATHARINA von Liegnitz, daughter of FRIEDRICH III Duke of Liegnitz [Piast] & his wife Katharina von Mecklenburg (7 Feb [1540/45]-3 Sep 1569). Friedrich Kasimir & his wife had one child:

a) KATHARINA (6 Aug 1565-1571).

2. SOPHIE ([1540/41]-1541).

3. ANNA (7 Mar 1543-before 1564).

Wenzel III Adam & his second wife had six children:

4. daughter (-after 23 Feb 1569).

5. CHRISTIAN AUGUST (30 Apr 1570-18 Feb 1571).

6. MARIA SIDONIA (10 May 1572-3 Oct 1587). m (20 Jan 1587) as his first wife, FRIEDRICH IV Duke of Liegnitz, son of FRIEDRICH III Duke of Liegnitz [Piast] & his wife Katharina von Mecklenburg (20 Apr 1552-6 Apr 1596).

7. ANNA SIBYLLA (4 Jun 1573-after 1601).

8. ADAM WENZEL von Teschen (12 Dec 1574-13 Jul 1617). He succeeded his father in 1579 as ADAM WENZEL Duke of Teschen. m (17 Sep 1595) ELISABETH of Courland, daughter of GOTTFRIED Ketteler Duke of Courland & his wife Anna von Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1575-19 Nov 1601). Adam Wenzel & his wife had five children:

a) ADAM GOTTHARD (27 Jul 1596-25 May 1597).

b) ANNA SIDONIA (2 Mar 1598-13 Mar 1619). m (1 Nov 1616) JAKOB HANNIBAL II Graf von Hohenems, son of --- (-10 Apr 1646).

c) ELISABETH LUKRETIA von Teschen (1 Jun 1599-19 May 1653). She succeeded her brother in 1625 as ELISABETH LUKRETIA Duchess of Teschen. After her death, Emperor Ferdinand III took the duchy of Teschen as part of the imperial domain[664]. m (23 Apr 1618) GUNDAKAR Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein, son of --- (1580-5 Aug 1658).

d) CHRISTIAN ADAM (1600-12 Mar 1602).

e) FRIEDRICH WILHELM von Teschen (9 Nov 1601-Köln 19 Aug 1625). He succeeded his father in 1617 as FRIEDRICH WILHELM Duke of Teschen. Friedrich Wilhelm had one illegitimate daughter by an unknown mistress:

i) MARIA MAGDALENA (-after 1642). Legitimated 12 Apr 1640. She was created Freiin von und zu Hohenstein by Imperial order at Vienna 8 May 1640[665].

Adam Wenzel had one illegitimate child by MARGARETHE Koschlinger, daughter of --- :

f) WENZEL GOTTFRIED (-after 1672). At Marchlowitz. Legitimated 12 Apr 1640. He was created Freiherr von und zu Hohenstein by Imperial order at Vienna 8 May 1640[666]. m ---. The name of Wenzel Gottfried's wife is not known. Wenzel Gottfried & his wife had one child:

i) FERDINAND Freiherr von und zu Hohenstein (-killed in battle ----). m as her first husband, ANNA JOHANNA Freiin Closen von Haidenburg, daughter of GEORG EHRENREICH Freiherr Closen von Haidenburg & his wife Potentia von Cronegg (1655-1720). She married secondly (1 Mar 1693) Johann Wilhelm von Walterskirchen zu Wolfsthal. Ferdinand & his wife had one child:

(a) FERDINAND Freiherr von und zu Hohenstein ([1681/82]-3 Apr 1706).

9. HANUŠ ALBRECHT (3 Aug 1578-before 4 Nov 1579).

B. DUKES of TESCHEN [CIESZYŃ] (HABSBURG-LOTHRINGEN)

FRANÇOIS ETIENNE [FRANZ STEFAN] Duc de Lorraine, son of LEOPOLD Duc de Lorraine & his wife Elisabeth Charlotte d’Orléans (Lunéville 8 Dec 1708-Innsbruck 18 Aug 1765, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna). He came to the Imperial Court at Vienna in 1723, and was invested by Emperor Karl VI as FRANZ Duke of Teschen. He succeeded as FRANÇOIS III Duke of Lorraine on the death of his father 27 Mar 1729, returning to Lorraine from Vienna 29 Nov 1729. Karl VI named him Governor (Statthalter) of Hungary 24 Mar 1732, when Franz Stefan re-established himself in Austria at Preßburg. Following the occupation of Lorraine by French troops in Oct 1733 during the war of Polish succession, Louis XV King of France proposed that he cede his territories in Lorraine in exchange for the Grand-Duchy of Tuscany. King Louis XV installed his father-in-law Stanislas Leszczynski ex-King of Poland in Lorraine, François III finally signing the act of transfer of Lorraine to Stanislas 13 Feb 1737. Karl VI had conferred on Franz Stefan the title FRANCESCO II Grand Duke of Tuscany the previous 24 Jan. Maria Theresia named Franz Stefan her co-Regent in 1741 but he did not participate in governing her territories. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt 13 Sep 1745, being crowned 4 Oct 1745 as Emperor FRANZ I.

1. other children: ARCHDUKES of AUSTRIA; EMPERORS.

2. MARIA CHRISTINA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor FRANZ I & his wife Maria Theresia Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Bohemia, King of Hungary (Vienna 13 May 1742-Vienna 24 Jun 1798, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna). Her mother granted the duchy of Teschen to her as dowry on her marriage. m (Preßburg 7 Apr 1766) ALBERT KASIMIR Prince of Saxony, son of FRIEDRICH AUGUST II Duke of Saxony [AUGUST III King of Poland] & his wife Maria Josepha Archduchess of Austria (Moritzburg 11 Jul 1738-Vienna 10 Feb 1822). Duke of Teschen in 1766 following his marriage.

3. PETER LEOPOLD Archduke of Austria (Schönbrunn 5 May 1747-Vienna 1 Mar 1792, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna, memorial in the church of the Augustines Vienna). He was elected Emperor LEOPOLD II in 1790.

a) other children: ARCHDUKES of AUSTRIA, EMPERORS.

b) KARL LUDWIG Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor LEOPOLD II Archduke of Austria & his wife Infanta doña María Luisa de Borbón y Sajonia (Florence 5 Sep 1771-Vienna 30 Apr 1847, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna). He was adopted by his aunt Marie Christine, wife of Albert Prince of Saxony, Duke of Teschen. He succeeded as Duke of Teschen in 1822 on the death of his uncle.

- ARCHDUKES of AUSTRIA.

Chapter 15. DUKES of TROPPAU [OPAWA] and JÄGERNDORF 1281-1510 (PŘEMYSLID)

The city of Opava is today located in the north-eastern part of the Czech Republic, on the frontier with Poland, about 20 kilometres north-west of Ostrava. Called Opawa in Polish and Troppau in German, the latter name is applied in this document as the one commonly used in secondary sources dealing with Silesian history. The town of Krnov (in Polish called Karniów and in German Jägerndorf) is located to the north-east of Opava. Although broadly falling within Silesia, the area was orginally part of the duchy of Moravia and was controlled by the dukes (later kings) of Bohemia. In 1269 Otakar King of Bohemia invested his illegitimate son Nikolaus with Troppau, which was elevated to duchy status in 1281. The area controlled by the dukes of Troppau extended to the source and upper reaches of the Opava river to the west and included the environs of Jägerndorf to the north-west. The duke of Troppau was invested with the neighbouring Silesian duchy of Ratibor to the east after the death of its last Piast ruler in 1336 by Jan King of Bohemia. In common with the process applied in the Polish parts of the duchy of Silesia, jurisdiction over the area was split between younger branches of the ruling family. Representatives of the family sold their shares in the duchy of Troppau to Jiři Podiebrad King of Bohemia in 1464 and thereafter the history of the area remained closely linked to Bohemia. It was eventually incorporated into the lands of the Habsburg emperors.

NIKOLAUS, illegitimate son of OTAKAR PŘEMYSL King of Bohemia & his mistress --- ([1255]-25 Jul 1318). The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) names "filium…Nicolaum, et postea filias plures" as the children of "Rex Przsemysl" and his mistress named "Palczierzik", adding that he was later invested as "Dux Oppauiæ"[667]. Pulkawa’s Bohemian Chronicle records (in 1252) “filiam de Kunring de Austria” as mistress of “Przemysl filius regis Wenceslai” and mother of “filium...Nicolauum...postea...ducem Opaviensem” and of “postea tres filias” who married “unam...domino de Strakonicz, secundam de Wartemberg et de Druholz, tertiam...Vockoni de Krawau”[668]. Friess suggests that Pulkawa’s identification of Otakar’s mistress results from confusion with another source that the king’s daughter married “Heinrich V von Kuenring-Weitra”[669]. He was legitimated 6 Oct 1260, but excluded from succession to the throne of Bohemia 20 Oct 1260. Herr von Troppau 4 Jul 1269. Ritter 1273. He was installed in 1281 as NIKOLAUS I Duke of Troppau. The Gesta Hungarorum records that "rex Otakarus…filius…eius dux Nicolaus" was captured at the battle in which his father was killed and taken to Hungary[670].

m (1283, consecrated 8 Feb 1285) ADELHEID von Habsburg, [671][niece of RUDOLF I Graf von Habsburg King of Germany], daughter of --- (-1313). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

Duke Nikolaus & his wife had three children:

1. NIKOLAUS ([1288]-8 Dec 1365). The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records that "Nicolao, filio senioris Ducis Nicolai…illegitimus frater…Regis Wencezslai" was invested with "Ducatum Opauiæ" by the king of Bohemia in 1318[672]. He succeeded his father in 1318 as NIKOLAUS II Duke of Troppau. He succeeded as Duke of Ratibor 14 Jan 1337, after the death of his first wife's brother Leszek Duke of Ratibor [Piast].

- see below.

2. WENZEL ([1290]-1367 after 5 Mar). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon in Prague and Olmütz 1324.

3. JOHANN ([1300]-1325). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. In Brno.

NIKOLAUS von Troppau, son of NIKOLAUS I Duke of Troppau [Přemyslid] & his wife Adelheid von Habsburg ([1288]-8 Dec 1365). The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records that "Nicolao, filio senioris Ducis Nicolai…illegitimus frater…Regis Wencezslai" was invested with "Ducatum Opauiæ" by the king of Bohemia in 1318[673]. He succeeded his father in 1318 as NIKOLAUS II Duke of Troppau. After the death of his brother-in-law Duke Leszek, Ratibor was annexed to the Bohemian crown 14 Jan 1337 and placed under the administration of Nikolaus[674], who was declared Duke of Ratibor. Kazimierz III King of Poland attacked Ratibor in 1345, but retreated after being threatened by a large Bohemian army[675].

m firstly ([1318]) ANNA von Ratibor, daughter of PRZEMISLAW Duke of Ratibor [Piast] & his wife Anna of Mazovia [Piast] ([1292/98]-[1 Jan/21 Aug] 1340).

m secondly ([1342/11 Aug 1345]) HEDWIG von Oels, daughter of KONRAD I Herzog von Oels [Piast] & his second wife Euphemia von Kosel [Piast] ([1329/25 Mar 1338]-[1351/59]). Jan King of Bohemia agreed the succession of “filia sua...Hedwigis” if “Conradi ducis Slesie et dmni Olsnicensis” died without male heirs by charter dated 25 Mar 1338[676].

m thirdly ([1 Jan/4 Aug] 1359]) JUTTA von Falkenberg, daughter of BOLESLAW Duke of Falkenberg [Piast] & his wife Euphemia von Breslau [Piast] (before 1346-Oct after 1378).

Nikolaus II & his first wife had six children:

1. EUPHEMIA ([1319]-before 11 Sep 1352). m (1335) SIEMOWIT of Mazovia, son of TROJDEN I Prince of Czersk [Piast] & his Maria Iurievna of Galich (before 1314-16 Jun 1381). He succeeded in 1370 as SIEMOWIT III "Starszy" Prince of Mazovia.

2. ELISABETH ([1321]-[5/31] Dec 1386). Known as ELKA. Benedictine nun at Ratibor 1340.

3. AGNES ([1323]-7 Sep 1404). Benedictine nun at Ratibor 1340.

4. ANNA ([1325]-14 Mar 1361). m ([Jan/14 Feb] 1346) BURCHARD I (X) Graf zu Hardegg und Retz Burggraf von Magdeburg, son of --- (-[12 Nov 1360/61]).

5. MARGARETA ([1330]-[1363]). The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records the marriage in 1350 of "Dominus Karolus, Romanorum et Boemiæ Rex…fratri suo germano Iohanni" and "Margaretham, filiam Nicolai Ducis Oppauiæ"[677]. m (1350) as his second wife, JOHANN HEINRICH of Bohemia Markgraf of Moravia, son of JAN King of Bohemia [Luxembourg] & his first wife Elisabeth [Eliska] of Bohemia [Přemyslid] (Melnik 12 Feb 1322-12 Nov 1375, bur Brno Kloster St Thomas).

6. HANUŠ von Troppau ([1332]-1381). He succeeded in 1365 as HANUŠ I Duke of Ratibor. Emperor Karl IV King of Bohemia settled a territorial dispute between “Johans Herczog zu Troppaw” and “Herczog Niclas sein Bruder” regarding the inheritance from their respective mothers, with the consent of “Lodwig Herczogen zu dem Brieg unsern...Oheim und Przimcken Herczogen zu Tesschin”, by charter dated 1367[678]. Herzog von Jägerndorf, Freudenthal und Fürstenwalde 1377.

a) other children: DUKES of RATIBOR.

b) JOHANN von Ratibor ([1365]-12 Aug 1424). He succeeded in 1384 as JOHANN II Duke of Troppau, Duke of Ratibor. Herzog von Jägerndorf 1422.

- see below.

c) NIKOLAUS ([1370]-[1406]). Wenzel IV King of Bohemia acknowledged the allegiance of “Przymke, Johanns und Niclass Herczogen zu Troppaw unsre...Vettern” by charter dated Aug 1404[679]. He succeeded in 1405 as NIKOLAUS IV Duke of Troppau, at Freudenthal.

Nikolaus II & his second wife had one child:

7. NIKOLAUS ([1343/50]-9 Jul 1394). Emperor Karl IV King of Bohemia settled a territorial dispute between “Johans Herczog zu Troppaw” and “Herczog Niclas sein Bruder” regarding the inheritance from their respective mothers, with the consent of “Lodwig Herczogen zu dem Brieg unsern...Oheim und Przimcken Herczogen zu Tesschin”, by charter dated 1367[680]. He succeeded in 1377 as NIKOLAUS III Duke of Troppau, Herr zu Leobschütz.

Nikolaus II & his third wife had three children:

8. ANNA (1361 after 14 Mar-1398 after 7 Aug). m (1379 after 24 Apr) PETER [II] Herr von Sternberg, son of --- (-[1 Mar/7 Jul] 1397).

9. WENZEL ([1362]-[1381]). He succeeded in 1377 as WENZEL I Duke of Troppau.

10. PRZEMKO ([1365]-28 Sep 1433). He succeeded as PRZEMKO Duke of Troppau.

- see below.

PRZEMKO von Troppau, son of NIKOLAUS II Duke of Troppau [Přemyslid] & his third wife Jutta von Falkenberg [Piast] ([1365]-28 Sep 1433). He succeeded as PRZEMKO Duke of Troppau. An indication of the relative status of the Silesian princes is provided by a charter dated Jul 1401 which records an alliance between “Wenczlaw...Bischof zu Breslaw, Przemisla czu Teschen mit seinen Söhnen, Conrad czur Oelss mit seinen Söhnen, Rupprecht czur Liegnicz, Przemko czu Troppaw, Bolcko und Bernhard czu Oppeln, Offka Herczoginne czu Oppul, Heinrich czu Lobin, Hans czu Usweczin, Ludwig czum Briege und Hannss czu Glogaw...Herren in Schlesien Herczoge” against attacks on Breslau[681]. Wenzel IV King of Bohemia acknowledged the allegiance of “Przymke, Johanns und Niclass Herczogen zu Troppaw unsre...Vettern” by charter dated Aug 1404[682].

m firstly ([1395]) ANNA von der Luczka, daughter of --- (-after 17 Aug 1404).

m secondly ([1405]) KATHARINA von Münsterberg, daughter of BOLKO III Duke of Münsterberg [Piast] & his wife Euphemia von Kosel [Piast] ([1390/1400]-23 Apr 1422). Her family origin is indicated by the following charter of her son: named citizens of Münsterberg submitted to “Herczog Wilhelmen von Troppaw” by charter dated 8 Apr 1443 which names “Katharine seine Mutter...seiner Muter Schwester Fräulein Agnes”[683].

m thirdly (before 23 Mar 1423) JELENA of Bosnia, illegitimate daughter of STJEPAN TVRTKO I King of Bosnia & his mistress ---[684] (-[2 Feb 1434/7 Mar 1435]).

Przemko & his first wife had two children:

1. WENZEL ([1397]-1446). Herr zu Leobschütz 1416. He succeeded in 1435 as WENZEL II Duke of Troppau und Leobschütz. m ([1420]) [ELISABETH von Krawarz], daughter of --- (-[7 Jun 1443/2 Jul 1453]). Wenzel II & his wife had three children:

a) HANUŠ ([1420]-[1 Jan/1 Jul] 1454). He succeeded in 1447 as HANUŠ Duke of Troppau, at Loslau. Herr zu Fulenk 1448.

b) JOHANN PIUS ([1425]-[1485]). He succeeded as JOHANN III Duke of Troppau and Leobschütz, until 1464 when he sold the dukedom of Troppau-Leobschütz to Georg Podiebrad King of Bohemia[685]. m KATHARINA, daughter of --- (-12 Mar [1460]).

c) ANNA ([1430]-29 Apr 1478). m ([Dec 1460]) as his second wife, JAN Zajic of Hasenburg, son of --- (-15 Apr 1495).

2. NIKOLAUS ([1400]-1437 after 15 Oct). He succeeded in 1437 as NIKOLAUS V Duke of Troppau, at Zuckmantel und Böhm-Edelstein.

Przemko & his second wife had four children:

3. AGNES ([1400]-[1440]). m firstly ([1420]) JOHANN [VI] von Krawarz und Neutischstein, son of --- (-[1432/34]). m secondly ([1435]) GEORG [I] Herr von Sternberg und Odrau, son of --- (-1438).

4. WILHELM ([1410]-15 Aug 1452). His parentage is indicated by the 8 Apr 1443 charter quoted below. He succeeded in 1434 as WILHELM joint Duke of Troppau. He succeeded in 1443 as WILHELM Duke of Münsterberg: named citizens of Münsterberg submitted to “Herczog Wilhelmen von Troppaw” by charter dated 8 Apr 1443 which names “Katharine seine Mutter...seiner Muter Schwester Fräulein Agnes”[686]. m ([1435/40]) SALOME z Častolovice, daughter of PUTA [II] von Czastolowicz & his wife Anna z Koldice [Colditz] (-26 Feb 1489). She is named in the 1494 charter of her daughter. Wilhelm & his wife had five children:

a) FRIEDRICH ([1440]-[1470]).

b) KATHARINA ([1443]-14 Apr 1505). “E. K. M.” agreed the succession of “meine Mutter Fraw Salomea Herczogin von Troppaw” with “Johanns in Slezien vom Zagan und Grossen-Glogaw Herczogen meinem...Gemahl” by charter dated 1494[687]. “Casimirus...Hertzog zu Teschen und Grossglogau Hauptmann in Obern und Nieder Schlesien” granted property transferred from “Hanuss Hertzogen zu Sagan und Glogau und der Hertzogin Catharina der Gemahlin dieses Fürsten zu Sagan” to “Ursula Hertzogin zu Münsterberg Oelss Gräfin zu Glatz” as dower by charter dated 1497[688]. m ([1461]) JOHANN II Duke of Sagan, son of JOHANN I Duke of Sagan [Piast] & his wife Scholastika von Sachsen-Wittenberg ([1435]-22 Sep 1504).

c) WENZEL ([1445]-2 Feb 1474). He succeeded as WENZEL IV Duke of Troppau, in Steinau an der Oder.

d) ANNA ([1448]-15 Aug 1515). Abbess of Trebnitz 24 Jul 1469.

e) PRZEMKO ([1450]-17 Feb 1493). Studied in Vienna. Canon at Breslau Cathedral. Priest at Melk. Provost at Mödling near Vienna.

5. GUTA ([1415]-1445). m ([1435]) GEORG Graf von Sankt-Georgen und Pösing (-after 1450).

6. ERNST ([1415]-[1460]). He succeeded in 1434 as ERNST joint Duke of Troppau. He succeeded his brother in 1453 as ERNST Herzog von Münsterberg, until 1455.

Przemko & his third wife had three children:

7. PRZEMKO ([1425]-16 Jun 1478, bur Breslau). Student at Krakow 1446, at Vienna 1450. Canon at Breslau Cathedral 1446, Bishop-elect of Breslau 1467. Cantor of the Kreuzherren at Breslau Cathedral 1467.

8. KATHARINA ([1425]-). m JOHANN Jičinský von Cimburg und Neutitschein, son of --- (-1475).

9. HEDWIG ([1430]-[1500]). Abbess of Trebnitz.

JOHANN von Ratibor, son of HANUŠ I Duke of Ratibor & his wife --- ([1365]-12 Aug 1424). He succeeded in 1384 as JOHANN II Duke of Troppau, Duke of Ratibor. Wenzel IV King of Bohemia acknowledged the allegiance of “Przymke, Johanns und Niclass Herczogen zu Troppaw unsre...Vettern” by charter dated Aug 1404[689]. Herzog von Jägerndorf 1422.

1. NIKOLAUS von Ratibor ([1400]-27 Dec 1452). He succeeded in 1437 as NIKOLAUS VI Duke of Troppau in Jägerndorf, Rybnik, Pless, Loslau und Bauerwitz. m firstly MARGARETA Clemm von Elguth, daughter of --- . m secondly (1451) as her third husband, BARBARA Rockenberg, widow firstly of WILHELM Olbuczóv burger of Krakow and secondly of GEORG Orienth burger of Krakow, daughter of --- (-after 12 Jun 1452). Nikolaus VI & his first wife had [five] children: :

a) JOHANN ([1435]-1482). He succeeded in 1452 as JOHANN IV Duke of Troppau in Jägerndorf, Loslau und Lobenstein, deposed 1474.

b) WENZEL ([1440]-in prison at Glatz [23 Jan/23 Jun] 1478). He succeeded in 1461 as WENZEL V Duke of Troppau at Rybnik und Pless.

c) BARBARA ([1445]-1510). She succeeded in 1491 as BARBARA Duchess of Jägerndorf. Jan I Olbracht King of Poland confirmed with “dux Janussius...ducatus Zatoriensis modernus dnus heres et possessor...cum...ducissa dna Barbara consorte sua” the purchase “retroactis annis” of “terra seu ducatus...Zatorien” by charter dated [31 Jul] 1494[690]. m (1475) as his second wife, HANUŠ IV Duke of Auschwitz, son of KASIMIR I Duke of Auschwitz [Piast] & his first wife Anna von Glogau [Piast] ([1426/30]-[28 Oct 1495/21 Feb 1497]). She and her husband had one child:

i) HELENA ([1478/80]-after 1524). m ([1492]) GEORG Freiherr von Schellenberg und Tost, son of --- (-4 Mar 1526). He succeeded in 1502 as Duke of Jägerndorf.

d) MACHNA ([1450]-[4 Jan/28 Jul] 1508). m (after 12 Aug 1482) KASIMIR Duke of Zator, son of WENZEL I Duke of Zator [Piast] & his wife Maria Kopczowska (before 1450-[8 Jan/7 Jul] 1490).

e) [NIKOLAUS (-young after 22 Dec 1452).]

2. other children: DUKES of RATIBOR.

[1] Dzięcioł, Witold (1963) The Origins of Poland (Veritas, London), p. 118, referring to Descriptio civitatum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii by the Bavarian Geographer.

[2] Dzięcioł (1963), p. 105.

[3] Petry, L., Menzel, J. J. & Irgang, W. (2000) Geschichte Schlesiens, 6th Edn. Band I (Stuttgart), p. 68.

[4] Dzięcioł (1963), p. 322.

[5] Dzięcioł (1963), p. 148.

[6] Petry, Menzel & Irgang (2000), Band I, p. 82.

[7] Knoll, P. W. (1972) The Rise of the Polish Monarchy: Piast Poland in East Central Europe 1320-1370 (University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London), pp. 60-1.

[8] Knoll (1972), p. 73.

[9] Sommersberg, F. W (1729) Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (Leipzig), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[10] The background to this source is discussed in the Introduction to Stenzel, G. A. (ed.) (1835) Scriptores Rerum Silesiacarum, ("Silesiacarum Scriptores") Erster Band (Breslau), p. VI-IX.

[11] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, pp. 553-70.

[12] Annales Capituli Cracoviensis and Annales Cracovienses Compilati, MGH SS XIX, pp. 582-607.

[13] Annales Wratislavienses, MGH SS XIX, pp. 526-531.

[14] Annales Silesiæ Superioris, MGH SS XIX, pp. 552-3.

[15] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, Introduction, p. X, and pp. 38-172.

[16] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, pp. 550-2.

[17] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, Introduction, pp. XVII-XX, and pp. 173-528.

[18] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 559.

[19] Annales Capituli Cracoviensis 1105, MGH SS XIX, p. 588.

[20] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 92.

[21] Annales Capituli Cracoviensis 1146, MGH SS XIX, p. 590.

[22] Jordan, K., trans. Falla, P. S. (1986) Henry the Lion: a Biography (Clarendon Press, Oxford), p. 54.

[23] Jordan (1986), p. 54, and Fuhrmann, H., trans. Reuter, T. (1995) Germany in the high middle ages c.1050-1200 (Cambridge University Press), p. 150.

[24] Annales Cracovienses Compilati 1148, MGH SS XIX, p. 590.

[25] Annales Capituli Cracoviensis 1159, MGH SS XIX, p. 591.

[26] Annales Cracovienses Compilati 1159, MGH SS XIX, p. 591.

[27] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 550.

[28] Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis I 1106, MGH SS IX, p. 612.

[29] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1141, MGH SS XXIII, p. 834.

[30] Schlesisches Urkundenbuch I 971-1230, 20, p. 15.

[31] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, pp. 562 and 566.

[32] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 84.

[33] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 550.

[34] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, pp. 562 and 566.

[35] Monumenta Necrologica Claustroneoburgensis, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 3.

[36] Necrologium Monasterii Campi Liliorum, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 368.

[37] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 562.

[38] Roderici Toletani Archiepiscopi De Rebus Hispaniæ, Liber IX, VII, 7, RHGF XII, p. 383.

[39] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1141, MGH SS XXIII, p. 834.

[40] Szabolcs de Vajay 'From Alfonso VII to Alfonso X, the first two centuries of the Burgundian dynasty in Castile and Leon - a prosopographical catalogue in social genealogy, 1100-1300', Studies in Genealogy and Family History in tribute to Charles Evans, edited Lindsay L Brook (Association for the Promotion of Scholarship in Genealogy Ltd, Occasional Publication no 2, 1989, Salt Lake City, Utah), p. 372.

[41] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 562.

[42] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 562.

[43] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 550.

[44] Knoll (1972), p. 61.

[45] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 145.

[46] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[47] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXIV, p. 808.

[48] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXIV, p. 808.

[49] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXIV, p. 808.

[50] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXVII, p. 811.

[51] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXVII, p. 811.

[52] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXIV, p. 808.

[53] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXX, p. 805.

[54] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[55] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CIV, p. 879.

[56] Diplomatarii Bohemo-Silesiaci continuatio II, Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CVII, p. 881.

[57] Diplomatarii Bohemo-Silesiaci continuatio II, Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CVII, p. 881.

[58] Diplomatarii Bohemo-Silesiaci continuatio II, Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CVII, p. 881.

[59] Knoll (1972), p. 61.

[60] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CX, p. 883.

[61] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXII, p. 884.

[62] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXIX, p. 805.

[63] Knoll (1972), p. 190.

[64] Riedel, Dr. A. F. (1862) Novus Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, Vierter Haupttheil, Band 1, (Berlin), Bruchstücke einer Brandenburgischen Chronik in Pulcawa's Böhmischer Chronik, p. 15.

[65] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXVIII, p. 887.

[66] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXII, p. 806.

[67] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXIX, p. 805.

[68] Theiner, A. (1860) Vetera Monumenta Poloniæ et Lithuaniæ (Rome), Tome I, DXXXVIII, p. 409.

[69] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXVI, p. 886.

[70] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXVII, p. 887.

[71] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXVII, p. 887.

[72] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXX, p. 805.

[73] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXIII, p. 885.

[74] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXII, p. 806.

[75] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXIX, p. 888.

[76] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[77] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXX, p. 1000.

[78] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXVI, p. 886.

[79] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXVIII, p. 686.

[80] Sommersberg, F. W. (1732) Silesiorum Rei Historicæ (Leipzig), CXLV, p. 128.

[81] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XIII, p. 788.

[82] Florianus, M. (ed.) (1884) Chronicon Dubnicense, Historiæ Hungaricæ fontes domestici, Pars prima, Scriptores, Vol. III (Leipzig) Chronica Ungarorum, 68, p. 248.

[83] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 562.

[84] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1141, MGH SS XXIII, p. 834.

[85] Annales Cracovienses Compilati 1163, MGH SS XIX, p. 591.

[86] Fuhrmann (1995), pp. 150-1.

[87] Petry, Menzel & Irgang (2000), Band I, p. 86.

[88] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 550.

[89] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[90] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 99.

[91] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 98.

[92] Baumgarten, N. de 'Généalogies et mariages occidentaux des Rurikides Russes du X au XIII siècles´, Orientalia Christiana Vol. IX - 1, N^o. 35, May 1927 (reprint, Pont. Institutum Orientalium Studiorum, Rome) (“Baumgarten (1927)”), p. 21, citing Balzer, Genealogia Piatów, p. 160.

[93] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 563.

[94] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 98.

[95] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[96] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 550.

[97] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 98.

[98] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 563.

[99] Annales Capituli Cracoviensis 1201, MGH SS XIX, p. 594.

[100] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 98.

[101] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, pp. 565 and 566.

[102] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 550.

[103] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 98.

[104] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[105] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 550.

[106] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[107] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 98.

[108] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 550.

[109] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[110] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 99.

[111] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 550.

[112] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[113] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 98.

[114] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[115] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[116] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 98.

[117] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1141, MGH SS XXIII, p. 834.

[118] Annales Capituli Cracoviensis 1225, MGH SS XIX, p. 596.

[119] Annales Capituli Cracoviensis 1229, MGH SS XIX, p. 596.

[120] Petry, Menzel & Irgang (2000), Band I, pp. 96-8.

[121] Annales Wratislavienses 1238, MGH SS XIX, p. 527.

[122] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[123] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[124] Annales Wratislavienses 1238, MGH SS XIX, p. 527.

[125] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[126] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 108.

[127] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[128] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 100 and 106.

[129] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[130] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[131] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 100.

[132] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[133] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[134] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 100.

[135] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[136] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[137] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[138] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 100.

[139] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[140] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[141] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 566.

[142] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 100.

[143] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[144] Annales Capituli Cracoviensis 1238, MGH SS XIX, p. 597.

[145] Annales Wratislavienses 1241, MGH SS XIX, p. 527.

[146] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[147] Roepell, R. (1855) Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens, Band I, Heft 2 (Breslau), Annales Grussavienses, p. 203.

[148] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[149] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[150] Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium, MGH SS XIX, p. 534.

[151] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, pp. 563 and 568.

[152] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 103.

[153] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, pp. 563 and 568.

[154] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 103.

[155] Codex Diplomaticus Poloniæ Tome I, XXXIX, p. 62.

[156] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[157] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[158] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 109.

[159] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Annales Grussavienses, p. 203.

[160] Annales Wratislavienses 1266, MGH SS XIX, p. 528.

[161] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[162] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 109.

[163] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[164] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 109.

[165] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[166] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 110.

[167] Schannat, J. F. (1724) Vindemiæ Literariæ (Fulda, Leipzig), Tome II, Joannis Tylich Chronicon Missnense, p. 84.

[168] Langlois, E. (1886) Les Registres de Nicolas IV, Tome I (Paris), 1890, p. 341.

[169] Posse, O. (1897) Die Wettiner (Leipzig, Berlin), Beilage VI, 7, no page number [131/167 in downloaded digitised copy].

[170] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[171] Knoll (1972), p. 15.

[172] Knoll (1972), p. 15.

[173] Knoll (1972), p. 16.

[174] Annales Cracovienses Compilati 1291, MGH SS XIX, p. 606.

[175] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[176] Knoll (1972), p. 17.

[177] Riedel, Dr. A. F. (1862) Novus Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, Vierter Haupttheil, Band 1, (Berlin), Bruchstücke einer Brandenburgischen Chronik in Pulcawa's Böhmischer Chronik, p. 15.

[178] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 107.

[179] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[180] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[181] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, pp. 568 and 569.

[182] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 107.

[183] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[184] Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium, MGH SS XIX, p. 534.

[185] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[186] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[187] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, VII, p. 846.

[188] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[189] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[190] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.

[191] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[192] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[193] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 111.

[194] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 330, citing “Dluglossus Liber VII, 1275”.

[195] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 330, quoting “Ex Cod. Diplomat. MSto”.

[196] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[197] Schannat, J. F. (1724) Vindemiæ Literariæ (Fulda, Leipzig), Tome II, Anonymi Chronicon Wirtembergense, p. 23.

[198] Stälin, C. F. (1847) Wirtembergische Geschichte (Stuttgart, Tübingen), Teil II, p. 501.

[199] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[200] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, VII, p. 846.

[201] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[202] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[203] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[204] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 111.

[205] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 112-13.

[206] Annales Polonorum I 1286, MGH SS XIX, p. 650.

[207] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[208] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[209] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 112-13.

[210] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 111.

[211] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[212] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 108.

[213] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 109.

[214] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[215] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 109.

[216] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[217] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 109.

[218] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[219] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[220] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 109-10.

[221] Cureus, J. (1571) Gentis Silesiæ Annales (Wittenberg), Annotatio præcipuarum, pp. 305-6.

[222] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1260, MGH SS XVII, p. 399.

[223] Notæ Diessenses 1271, MGH SS XVII, p. 325.

[224] Notæ Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavariæ, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.

[225] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 349, note (8) (9), quoting “Pohlius...in Annal. Wratislav Mstis hæc ad an. 1298”. The passage in question is not included in the edition reproduced in MGH SS XIX, pp. 529, 532.

[226] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[227] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[228] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 552.

[229] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[230] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 109.

[231] Annales Grissowienses maiores 1288, MGH SS XIX, p. 541.

[232] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, pp. 551-2.

[233] Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium, MGH SS XIX, p. 534.

[234] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 568.

[235] Knoll (1972), p. 17.

[236] Knoll (1972), pp. 33-4.

[237] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 552.

[238] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium 13, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 27.

[239] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 109.

[240] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 552.

[241] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 148.

[242] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 148-9.

[243] Chronicon Osterhoviense, Fontes rerum Germanicarum II, p. 564.

[244] Necrologium Sældentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.

[245] Fine, J. V. A. (1994) The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest (Ann Arbour, University of Michigan Press), p. 209.

[246] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XCV, p. 869.

[247] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XLIX, p. 831.

[248] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 148-9.

[249] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXVIII, p. 845.

[250] Annales Lubicenses 1300, MGH SS XVI, p. 417.

[251] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CCCV, p. 201.

[252] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 308.

[253] Riedel, Dr. A. F. (1862) Novus Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, Vierter Haupttheil, Band 1, (Berlin), Bruchstücke einer Brandenburgischen Chronik in Pulcawa's Böhmischer Chronik, p. 21.

[254] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 356, quoting “Kranzius lib. VIII. c. 6. Wandaliæ”.

[255] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 148-9.

[256] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 149.

[257] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 309.

[258] ES III 12.

[259] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXII, p. 961.

[260] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 308.

[261] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[262] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 111.

[263] Annales Wratislavienses 1301, MGH SS XIX, p. 528.

[264] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.

[265] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 122.

[266] Riedel, Dr. A. F. (1862) Novus Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, Vierter Haupttheil, Band 1, (Berlin), Bruchstücke einer Brandenburgischen Chronik in Pulcawa's Böhmischer Chronik, p. 15.

[267] Hermanni Altahensis continuation tertia 1297, MGH SS XXIV, p. 56.

[268] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.

[269] Necrologium Sældentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.

[270] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 122.

[271] Notæ Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavariæ, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.

[272] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 122-3.

[273] Knoll (1972), p. 89.

[274] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 123.

[275] Knoll (1972), p. 191.

[276] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber I, Caput XXX, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 104.

[277] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 122.

[278] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CCCXLVII, p. 222.

[279] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 122.

[280] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 122.

[281] Ephemerides Wladislavienses, MGH SS XIX, p. 688.

[282] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 154.

[283] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LIII, p. 953.

[284] Mencke, J. B. (1728) Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, præcipue Saxonicarum, Tome II (Leipzig), XVII Monumenta Landgraviorum Thuringiæ et Marchionum Misniæ, Epitaphia ex Athenis Vitemberg Sennerti, col. 849.

[285] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 122.

[286] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LIII, p. 953.

[287] Knoll (1972), p. 112.

[288] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 123.

[289] Knoll (1972), p. 191.

[290] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXXIX, p. 863.

[291] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 123.

[292] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesiæ Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 399.

[293] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 123.

[294] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXXIX, p. 863.

[295] ES III 12.

[296] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXII, p. 961.

[297] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CCCLXXXII, p. 298.

[298] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 122.

[299] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 122.

[300] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesiæ Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 359.

[301] Knoll (1972), p. 205.

[302] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXXIX, p. 863.

[303] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesiæ Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 373.

[304] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.

[305] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 111.

[306] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, VII, p. 846.

[307] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 113.

[308] Knoll (1972), p. 17, and Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 113.

[309] Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium, MGH SS XIX, p. 534.

[310] Annales Cracovienses Compilati 1259, MGH SS XIX, p. 600.

[311] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 113.

[312] Annales Wratislavienses 1304, MGH SS XIX, p. 528.

[313] Sommersburg, F. W. (1730) Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (Leipzig), Chronici Silesiæ Vetustisimi Fragmentum, p. 18.

[314] Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium, MGH SS XIX, p. 534.

[315] Riedel, Dr. A. F. (1862) Novus Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, Vierter Haupttheil, Band 1, (Berlin), Bruchstücke einer Brandenburgischen Chronik in Pulcawa's Böhmischer Chronik, p. 14.

[316] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), pp. 331-2, citing “Dluglossus” (no precise citation reference).

[317] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 337, note 54.

[318] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CXC, p. 108.

[319] ES III 9.

[320] Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium, MGH SS XIX, p. 534.

[321] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 337, note 54.

[322] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 337, note 54.

[323] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), pp. 331-2, citing “Dluglossus” (no precise citation reference).

[324] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 120.

[325] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 120.

[326] Annales Wratislavienses 1294, MGH SS XIX, p. 528.

[327] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1730), Chronici Silesiæ Vetustisimi Fragmentum, p. 18.

[328] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LIX, p. 839.

[329] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 893.

[330] Knoll (1972), p. 61.

[331] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 130.

[332] Riedel, Dr. A. F. (1862) Novus Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, Vierter Haupttheil, Band 1, (Berlin), Bruchstücke einer Brandenburgischen Chronik in Pulcawa's Böhmischer Chronik, p. 18.

[333] Codex Brandenburgensis, Dritte Abteilung - Die Altmark, Band 22, XXIV Kloster Arendsee, XLIV, p. 26.

[334] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 893.

[335] Necrologium Austriacum Gentis Habsburgicæ Prius, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 123.

[336] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CCLXVII, p. 176.

[337] Necrologium Habsburgicum Monasterii Campi Regis, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 357.

[338] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 130.

[339] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 893.

[340] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CCCL, p. 225.

[341] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 130.

[342] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 893.

[343] Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium, MGH SS XIX, p. 534.

[344] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 130.

[345] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 893.

[346] Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium, MGH SS XIX, p. 534.

[347] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 120.

[348] Annales Wratislavienses 1291, MGH SS XIX, p. 528.

[349] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1730), Chronici Silesiæ Vetustisimi Fragmentum, p. 18.

[350] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LIX, p. 839.

[351] Annales Wratislavienses 1291, MGH SS XIX, p. 528.

[352] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LIX, p. 839.

[353] Knoll (1972), p. 61.

[354] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXIX, p. 853.

[355] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LIII, p. 834.

[356] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[357] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 125.

[358] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber I, Caput XXVI, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 91.

[359] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 551.

[360] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput IX, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 130.

[361] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 429, note (2) (15), quoting “Chron. Aulæ Regiæ ad an. 1322”.

[362] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 140.

[363] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 139.

[364] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LIII, p. 834.

[365] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXII, p. 806.

[366] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 140.

[367] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 433, note (5).

[368] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 141.

[369] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 275.

[370] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVI, p. 1004.

[371] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[372] Leibnitz, G. W. (1711) Scriptorum Brunsvicensia illustrantium, Tome III (Hannover), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 393.

[373] Mencke (1728) Tome II, XVII Monumenta...Thuringiæ et...Misniæ, Epitaphia Vitembergæ conspicua, col. 851.

[374] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 141.

[375] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVI, p. 1004.

[376] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 275.

[377] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 141.

[378] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVI, p. 1004.

[379] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 141.

[380] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 275.

[381] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 275.

[382] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 141.

[383] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVI, p. 1004.

[384] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 141.

[385] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 429, note (2) (15), quoting “Chron. Aulæ Regiæ ad an. 1322”.

[386] Annales Wratislavienses 1304, MGH SS XIX, p. 531.

[387] Annales Wratislavienses 1304, MGH SS XIX, p. 531.

[388] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXCVII, p. 1075.

[389] Annales Wratislavienses 1304, MGH SS XIX, p. 531.

[390] Annales Wratislavienses 1304, MGH SS XIX, p. 531.

[391] Annales Wratislavienses 1304, MGH SS XIX, p. 531.

[392] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXLIII, CXLIV, p. 907.

[393] Annales Wratislavienses 1304, MGH SS XIX, p. 531.

[394] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXLIII, CXLIV, p. 907.

[395] ES III 10.

[396] ES III 288a.

[397] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 141.

[398] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LIII, p. 834.

[399] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXII, p. 806.

[400] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CI, p. 876.

[401] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 140.

[402] Theiner (1860), Tome I, DCCIV, p. 534.

[403] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 145.

[404] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesiæ Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 408.

[405] Leidinger, G. (1903) Andreas von Regensburg sämtliche Werke (Munich), (Bayerischen Quellen, Neue Folge, Band I), Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 91.

[406] Oude Kronik van Brabant, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1855), deerde deel, Part 1, p. 80.

[407] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 145.

[408] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 145.

[409] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 145.

[410] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 145.

[411] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 145.

[412] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[413] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[414] Scriptorum Brunsvicensia, Tome III (1711), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 397.

[415] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 122.

[416] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXI, p. 847.

[417] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXIX, p. 853.

[418] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 124.

[419] Monumenta Garsensia, Codex Epistolaris XIV, Monumenta Boica Vol. I, p. 84.

[420] ES II 193.

[421] The Inventory of the State Archives of Turin, consulted at <http://ww2.multix.it/asto/asp/inventari.asp> (2 Feb 2006) ("State Archives"), volume 104, pages 46, 47 and 49, fascicules 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3.

[422] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 124.

[423] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXIV, p. 850.

[424] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXVII, p. 852.

[425] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 124-5.

[426] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXIX, p. 888.

[427] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 1004.

[428] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXXII, p. 855.

[429] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXXII, p. 855.

[430] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 124.

[431] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLX, p. 1036.

[432] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLIX, p. 1035.

[433] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXV, p. 1039.

[434] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLX, p. 1036.

[435] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLIX, p. 1035.

[436] Posse (1897), p. 68, citing “Graf Hoverdens Sammlung von Schlesiens Grabdenkmale und Inschriften (Stadtarch. zu Breslau) Band 23 fol. 36”.

[437] Posse (1897), p. 68, citing “Hartung Kammermeister, Chronik (Geschichtsq. d. Prov. Sachsen 35, 170” [not seen].

[438] Posse (1897), p. 68, citing “Or. H. St. A. Dresden 7617”, “Urk. Georgs v. Böhmen”, and “Palacky, Urkundl. Beitr. zur Gesch. Böhmens No. 532”.

[439] Posse (1897), p. 68, citing “v. Behr”.

[440] Mencke, J. B. (1728) Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, præcipue Saxonicarum, Tome II (Leipzig), XIX Georgii Spalatini Historici Saxonici (“Spalatinus (1728)”), VIII, col. 1086.

[441] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLIX, p. 1035.

[442] Annales Wratislavienses 1304, MGH SS XIX, p. 531.

[443] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXI, p. 1036.

[444] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXXII, p. 1047.

[445] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 391.

[446] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, pp. 323, 336.

[447] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXXII, p. 1047.

[448] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 323.

[449] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXXXVI, p. 1068.

[450] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXXII, p. 1047.

[451] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXXII, p. 1047.

[452] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXXXVI, p. 1068.

[453] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 323.

[454] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXXXVI, p. 1068.

[455] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXC, p. 1070.

[456] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 148-9.

[457] Knoll (1972), p. 61.

[458] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXVIII, p. 845.

[459] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LIII, p. 834.

[460] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXX, p. 805.

[461] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXI, p. 806.

[462] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 152.

[463] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 130.

[464] Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium, MGH SS XIX, p. 534.

[465] Theiner (1860), Tome I, DXXXVIII, p. 409.

[466] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXVI, p. 886.

[467] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LII, p. 834.

[468] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 152.

[469] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[470] Silesiorum Rei Historicæ (1732), CXXV, p. 118.

[471] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 152.

[472] Scriptorum Brunsvicensia, Tome III (1711), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 394.

[473] Fuhrmann (1995), pp. 150-1.

[474] Petry, Menzel & Irgang (2000), Band I, p. 86.

[475] Petry, Menzel & Irgang (2000), Band I, p. 89.

[476] Petry, Menzel & Irgang (2000), Band I, p. 91.

[477] Annales Capituli Cracoviensis 1211, MGH SS XIX, p. 595.

[478] Roepell, R. (1855) Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens, Band I, Heft 2 (Breslau), Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[479] Petry, Menzel & Irgang (2000), Band I, p. 93.

[480] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 228.

[481] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[482] Annales Cracovienses Compilati 1236, MGH SS XIX, p. 597.

[483] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[484] Annales Silesiæ Superioris 1251, MGH SS XIX, p. 553.

[485] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 228.

[486] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[487] Annales Capituli Cracoviensis 1246, MGH SS XIX, p. 598.

[488] Annales Cracovienses Compilati 1246, MGH SS XIX, p. 598.

[489] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[490] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 109.

[491] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[492] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[493] Knoll (1972), p. 15.

[494] Perlbach, M. (ed.) (1882) Pommerellisches Urkundenbuch, Zweite Abteilung (Danzig) ("Pommerellisches Urkundenbuch, II"), 273, p. 231.

[495] Pommerellisches Urkundenbuch, II, 489, p. 438.

[496] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 226.

[497] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[498] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[499] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[500] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CIV, p. 879.

[501] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[502] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[503] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[504] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CIV, p. 879.

[505] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 226.

[506] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[507] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[508] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[509] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[510] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[511] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CIV, p. 879.

[512] Knoll (1972), p. 33.

[513] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[514] Baumgarten (1927), p. 59, citing Grotefend, Stammtafeln der Schlesischen Fürsten, 8, 46, and Wutke, K. Stamm- und Übersichtstafeln der Schles. Piasten, Taf. VI.

[515] Baumgarten (1927), pp. 58-9, citing Dlugosz, Hist. Polon, Naruszewicz and Karamzine, without page references.

[516] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXIX, p. 805.

[517] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 130.

[518] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CCCL, p. 225.

[519] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXIX, p. 888.

[520] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesiæ Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 355.

[521] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXIX, p. 805.

[522] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXIX, p. 805.

[523] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXIX, p. 805.

[524] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[525] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CCCLXXXII, p. 298.

[526] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXIX, p. 1009.

[527] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[528] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 275.

[529] ES III 17.

[530] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[531] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXIX, p. 1009.

[532] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXIX, p. 1009.

[533] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[534] ES III 44.

[535] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 228.

[536] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[537] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 228.

[538] ES III 18.

[539] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[540] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXIX, p. 1009.

[541] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[542] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[543] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[544] Knoll (1972), p. 61.

[545] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXII, p. 884.

[546] Knoll (1972), pp. 90-1.

[547] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CDLIII, p. 343.

[548] Knoll (1972), pp. 90-1.

[549] Knoll (1972), p. 187.

[550] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXII, p. 884.

[551] Knoll (1972), pp. 90-1.

[552] Knoll (1972), p. 187.

[553] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXIV, p. 842.

[554] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXV, p. 843.

[555] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXV, p. 843.

[556] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXVII, p. 845.

[557] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, p. 227.

[558] ES III 18.

[559] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXVII, p. 845.

[560] Roepell (1855), Band I, Heft 2, Necrolog des Kloster Czarnowanz, pp. 227, 228.

[561] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 552.

[562] Knoll (1972), p. 61.

[563] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXVIII, p. 845.

[564] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 150.

[565] Riedel, Dr. A. F. (1862) Novus Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, Vierter Haupttheil, Band 1, (Berlin), Bruchstücke einer Brandenburgischen Chronik in Pulcawa's Böhmischer Chronik, p. 18.

[566] Epytaphia ducum Slezie, MGH SS XIX, p. 552.

[567] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CCLX, p. 170.

[568] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 150.

[569] Knoll (1972), p. 203.

[570] Knoll (1972), p. 205.

[571] Knoll (1972), p. 219.

[572] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CI, p. 876.

[573] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 310.

[574] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 356, note (27) quoting “Tom. V. Ludewig. lib. III in Diplomatario Bohemo-Silesiaco p. 543” .

[575] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 150.

[576] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CI, p. 876.

[577] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 229 and 241.

[578] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 141.

[579] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 275.

[580] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 275.

[581] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 229.

[582] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXV, p. 843.

[583] Knoll (1972), p. 219.

[584] Knoll (1972), pp. 221-2.

[585] Knoll (1972), p. 220.

[586] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 150.

[587] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 238 and 241.

[588] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 150.

[589] Scriptorum Brunsvicensia, Tome III (1711), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 376.

[590] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 140.

[591] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CDLIII, p. 343.

[592] Theiner (1860), Tome I, DCCIV, p. 534.

[593] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 150.

[594] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 241.

[595] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 275.

[596] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 275.

[597] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 275-6.

[598] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 350.

[599] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 316.

[600] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 314.

[601] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 350.

[602] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 316.

[603] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 379.

[604] Scriptorum Brunsvicensia, Tome III (1711), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 407.

[605] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 317.

[606] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 380.

[607] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 316.

[608] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 316.

[609] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 275-6.

[610] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, pp. 275-6.

[611] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 275.

[612] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[613] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 313.

[614] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 276.

[615] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 343.

[616] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 313.

[617] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 315.

[618] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, pp. 317-8, 323.

[619] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 343.

[620] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, pp. 317-8.

[621] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 366, note (51).

[622] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 313.

[623] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 323.

[624] Scriptorum Brunsvicensia, Tome III (1711), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 413.

[625] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 313.

[626] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 315.

[627] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 365, note (47).

[628] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 313.

[629] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 315.

[630] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, pp. 317-8.

[631] Annales Wratislavienses 1304, MGH SS XIX, p. 531.

[632] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXI, p. 1036.

[633] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CCIV, p. 1080.

[634] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXI, p. 1036.

[635] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 323.

[636] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 391.

[637] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, pp. 323, 336.

[638] Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 391.

[639] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 323.

[640] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXXXVI, p. 1068.

[641] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 323.

[642] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXXXVI, p. 1068.

[643] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 565.

[644] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CIV, p. 879.

[645] Knoll (1972), p. 61.

[646] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXIX, p. 805.

[647] Silesiorum Rei Historicæ (1732), CXXIII, p. 117.

[648] Theiner (1860), Tome I, CCCIII, p. 200.

[649] Chronica principum Poloniæ, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 140.

[650] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), p. 433, note (5).

[651] Silesiorum Rei Historicæ (1732), CXXIII, p. 117.

[652] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXX, p. 805.

[653] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXI, p. 806.

[654] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[655] Silesiorum Rei Historicæ (1732), CXXV, p. 118.

[656] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber I, Caput XVIII, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 70.

[657] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber I, Caput XXIX, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 100.

[658] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, p. 314.

[659] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXV, p. 1039.

[660] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXV, p. 1039.

[661] Cureus (1571), Annotatio præcipuarum, pp. 317-8.

[662] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXV, p. 1039.

[663] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXI, p. 1036.

[664] ES III 16.

[665] ES III 288b.

[666] ES III 288b.

[667] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber I, Caput II, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 23.

[668] Friess, G. E. (1874) Die Herren von Kuenring (Vienna), p. 235.

[669] Friess (1874), p. 237 (no citation reference).

[670] Simonis de Kéza Gesta Hungarorum 74, p. 153.

[671] ES III.I 18. Her parents have not been identified.

[672] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput IV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 121.

[673] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput IV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 121.

[674] Knoll (1972), pp. 90-1.

[675] Knoll (1972), p. 187.

[676] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LII, p. 834.

[677] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesiæ Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, pp. 354-5.

[678] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXIV, p. 842.

[679] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXVII, p. 845.

[680] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXIV, p. 842.

[681] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXVII, p. 1006.

[682] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXVII, p. 845.

[683] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXXII, p. 855.

[684] According to ES III.I 18, a relative of Stefan Trvtko King of Bosnia.

[685] ES III 18.

[686] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXXXII, p. 855.

[687] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CCIV, p. 1080.

[688] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CLXI, p. 1036.

[689] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, LXVII, p. 845.

[690] Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, XXXVII, p. 811.