Lotharingia was an entirely artificial political creation and its name an artificial composition. Emperor Lothaire I, son of the Carolingian Emperor Louis I "the Pious" became king of Lotharingia under the division of imperial territories agreed by the treaty of Verdun 11 Aug 843. The newly created kingdom covered a wide strip of land which stretched from the North Sea coast southwards to Italy, and included present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Germany west of the river Rhine, the French provinces of Alsace, Lorraine, Burgundy and Provence, Switzerland and parts of northern Italy, as well as the imperial cities of Aachen, Pavia and Rome. The kingdom was divided between the sons of Emperor Lothaire after he abdicated in 855, the territory called Lotharingia then being restricted to present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Germany west of the Rhine, the French provinces of Alsace, Lorraine, and Switzerland. Lotharingia was further divided between the East and West Frankish kingdoms in 870 following the death without direct male heirs of Lothaire II King of Lotharingia[1]. The boundary was marked by the river Maas/Meuse and its tributary the Ourche in the south. This division proved to be a temporary arrangement, but it set the scene for conflict between France and Germany over Lotharingia which was to last many years. Lotharingia was in effect integrated into the East Frankish kingdom (Germany) after the death in 900 of Zwentibold, last independent king of Lotharingia, but this was challenged by Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks. After the deposition of King Charles III in 923, German influence in the territory of Lotharingia predominated. According to Thietmar of Merseburg, Heinrich I King of Germany secured the release of King Charles from prison and in return was rewarded with "the right hand of St Denis and the entire kingdom of the Lotharingians"[2]. For the rest of the 10th century, this was a source of bitter dispute with the French kings who constantly attempted to invade Lotharingia to reassert control.

The duchies of Upper and Lower Lotharingia were created in 959 in response to local rebellions and in order to assert greater local control from Germany. At the outset, it is more accurate to describe the new rulers as "associate" dukes who governed under the central authority of Bruno Duke of Lotharingia (brother of the German king and also archbishop of Köln). In common with most administrative arrangements concerning Lotharingia, the division between the Upper and Lower duchies was artificial and poorly reflected natural, geographic, national and linguistic boundaries, although Upper Lotharingia corresponded roughly to the ecclesiastical province of Trier and Lower Lotharingia to the archbishopric of Köln.

The 870 treaty which divided the territory between the east and west Frankish kingdoms provides the best starting point for identifying the counties which developed within the kingdom of Lotharingia. The treaty sets out an apparently exhaustive list of the administrative entities which were allocated to the brothers Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks, cathedral towns, abbeys and counties.

The counties in the Lower Lotharingian duchy are set out in several different documents in Medieval Lands, being too numerous for a single file. The northern-most counties, in the ancient duchy of Frisia, the county of Holland and its neighbouring counties, all located in the territory of what is now The Netherlands, are described in the document HOLLAND. Moving further south to present-day Belgium, the counties of Brabant and Louvain which evolved into the duchy of Brabant are shown in the document BRABANT, LOUVAIN. The families of the counts of Hainaut, Namur and their respective vassals are set out in the two documents HAINAUT and NAMUR. The counts and dukes of Limburg, a later creation, are shown in LIMBURG. The county of Cambrai in northern France is shown in the document NORTHERN FRANCE-CAMBRAI, DOUAI, VALENCIENNES. Other counts are referred to in contemporary primary source documentation without reference to their geographical counties, so cannot be categorised geographically: these individuals are set out in the Lotharingian chapter of the document GERMANY EARLY NOBILITY. The present document shows the remaining early medieval counties in Lower Lotharingia, in northern France, eastern Belgium and Germany west of the river Rhine. They are all small counties, some of which were short-lived and whose boundaries are difficult to define. Assignment of counts to these counties was often of short duration, with many changes and exchanges of territories (including between the Lower and Upper Lotharingian duchies) which renders satisfactory reconstruction of the comital families extremely challenging. What is clear is that a finite group of local higher nobility enjoyed power in both Upper and Lower Lotharingia, linked by family relationships many of which will never be confirmed precisely because of insufficient information in surviving primary sources. Onomastics is of some use in identifying possible connections, but the number of permutations through both male and female lines is generally too numerous to render precise identification anything other than speculative. This difficulty is increased because of the changes in comital assignments which make it impossible to assess with any accuracy the extent to which appointments were hereditary within the same families.

Another important question is whether the counts in these minor counties were counts "of" the counties (implying territorial exclusivity) or counts "in" the counties (which could involve some form of territorial division within each county). In other words, the extent to which the "county" in early medieval times represented a coherent administrative unit with recognised jurisdictional and territorial boundaries. The conclusion that a particular count "ruled" a particular county is based in many cases on a single phrase in a contemporary charter which asserts that a specific property was located (for example) "in pago Blesinsi in comitatu Odacri comitis", in accordance with the generally used formulation. However, this description does not guarantee that (in this case) Comte Odacre ruled in all parts of "pagus Blesensis". In fact, the wording could equally be interpreted as indicating that his jurisdiction was limited to the area surrounding his castle, which happened to include the property in question. In addition, many cases can be found where an individual count is recorded in charters in more than one county at approximately the same time. Research into the early pagi/counties in neighbouring Saxony and Franconia (see the documents GERMANY EARLY NOBILITY, SAXONY DUKES & ELECTORS, and FRANCONIA, NOBILITY) suggests that more than one count ruled at the same time in the larger counties, the counties of Grabfeld and Wormsgau being the obvious examples. This suggests that calling the local divisions "counties", as if they constituted fully functioning administrative units under a single central authority, may misrepresent the situation. Unfortunately there is insufficient surviving primary source data to provide a definitive answer to this question, but it is undoubtedly one which deserves further attention.

A single French county is identified in Lower Lotharingia, Cambrai which is referred to as "Cameracensem" in the 870 treaty. In Germany west of the Rhine, five counties are represented, the 870 treaty referring to but not naming "in Ribuarias comitatus quinque", which Vanderkindere identifies as Jülich, Zülpich, Eifel, Bonn and Köln[3]. The remaining counties in Lower Lotharingia lie in the eastern part of what is today Belgium. The March of Antwerp, in the north of Belgium and extending into southern Netherlands, was previously the county of Toxandrie ("Texandrum" in the 870 treaty). To the east of Toxandrie, the county of Maasgau or Masau (divided into "Masau subterior" and "Masau superior" in the 870 treaty) was located on both banks of the river Maas/Meuse, from Maastricht in the south to the county of Teisterbant in the north. The county of Tettuaria lay on the right bank of the Maas to the east of Maasgau, and north-east of the Ripuarian counties of western Germany. The county of Hesbaie ("in Hasbanio comitatus IV" in the 870 treaty, which Vanderkindere suggests were Avernas, which later became the county of Looz, "Brunengeruz" also known as Brugeron or Hougaerde, Louvain and "Haspinga") was south of a line from the river Demer in the west to the town of Maaseik in the east, west and north of the river Maas/Meuse as far as the river Dyle in the west. It included the city of Liège, although a county of Liège ("Liugas" in the 870 treaty) also existed for a brief time. The counties of Duras, Grez and Aarschot developed in the territory of the county of Hesbaie in the 11th and 12th centuries. The county of Condroz ("Condrust" in the 870 treaty) lay to the south of the river Maas/Meuse and west of the river Ourthe, where the county of Huy developed in the mid-10th century, and the counties of Clermont and Durbuy in the late 11th century. The counties of Ardenne and Bastogne ("Arduenna" in the 870 treaty) were located in south-east Belgium, in the area in which the county of Montaigu developed in the mid-11th century, the counties of Bouillon, La Roche and Salm at the end of the 11th century, and Vianden and Clervaux in the 12th century.

By categorising the Lotharingian counties geographically, one should not lose sight of the powerful authority of a handful of noble families which acquired territories scattered throughout the whole area of the ancient kingdom of Lotharingia and whose influence was paramount in the development of the territory and on the wider international political scene in western Europe. Of particular note are:

§ the Matfried family which dominated the west German Ripuarian counties in Lower Lotharingia from the 9th century and extended their influence southwards into Bidgau, Woevre, Bliesgau and Chaumont, and especially the county of Metz in Upper Lotharingia, and whose descendants eventually succeeded as dukes of Lorraine, the duchy which evolved from the rump of the duchy of Upper Lotharingia.

§ the Reginar family which extended their centre of activity from the Maasgau into the county of Hainaut, both in Lower Lotharingia, and whose descendants ruled the duchy of Brabant which emerged in the late 12th century.

§ the descendants of Wigerich [III] who ruled Bidgau in Upper Lotharingia but extended their influence westwards to Ardenne and southwards to Verdun, and ruled as dukes in both Upper and Lower Lotharingia, until the extinction of the two branches of the family in the male line in 1033 and 1076.

§ less well-known, and less long-lasting, the power-base of Ansfrid [II], count of Hesbaie, Huy and Teisterbant in the latter part of the 11th century, whose paternal uncle held fifteen different counties according to Thietmar, although both the uncle's precise identity and the identity of his counties are uncertain.

§ the family of the counts of Holland, which increased their power-base by acquiring control over many of the counties in the former duchy of Frisia.

§ the descendants of Siegfried, whose original power-base was Bidgau but who acquired Luxembourg and large areas in Ardenne, and who eventually were elevated to the imperial throne, and as a result of judicious dynastic marriages extended their control to Bohemia in the early 14th century and Hungary in the late 14th century, until their extinction in the senior male line in 1437.

Another other important factor in the development of both Upper and Lower Lotharingia was the gradual acquisition of temporal power and territory by the archbishoprics of Köln and Trier, and the bishoprics of Cambrai, Liège, Metz, Toul, Utrecht and Verdun. This resulted in the suppression of many previously autonomous and powerful counties (for example Verdun in Upper Lotharingia) and the splintering of the territories of others (particularly those in Ripuarian western Germany).

Chapter 1. MARCH of ANTWERP

The territory around and to the east of Antwerp was originally part of the pagus Toxandria, which lay south of the river Maas in what is now the southern part of The Netherlands, and east of the river Escaut and north of the river Dyle in northern Belgium. To the east, the county appears to have been bound by the marshes of Peel which marked the border with the county of Masau[4]. The pagus transformed into a county of the same name, as shown by the division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks which allocated "…comitatum Texandrum…" to King Charles[5]. Ecclesiastically, jurisdiction was split between the bishop of Cambrai in the western part of the county (equivalent to the doyenné of Antwerp, which extended to the east as far as Turnhout and Geel, and which originally formed the pagus Renensium or Riensis) and the bishop of Liège in the east[6]. Confirmation of its independent existence as a county in the 9th century is provided by the testament of Eberhard Marchese of Friulia (who died in 866) which names "Scelleburd…in comitatu Tassandrio"[7], suggesting that he may have been count in the area at the time. "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed the donations to the convent of Nivelles including "hereditas sancta Gertrudis…in pago Tessandrio super fluvio Struona in villa…Bergon" by charter dated 24 Jan 966[8]. The Chronicon Laureshamense describes the church of Empel, near ‘s-Hertogenbosch, as "in pago Dehsendron in præsidatu Ansfridi comitis", referring to its foundation by the bishop of Liège dated to 969[9], which confirms Ansfrid [II] (later Comte de Huy) as the first known count in the area. Nicholas states that Emperor Otto II established marches on the right bank of the river Schelde from Valenciennes in the south to Antwerp in the north to counter the perceived threat from France during the early part of the reign of Arnoul II Count of Flanders[10], although the timing of the establishment of the march of Valenciennes is open to debate. Ansfrid resigned his counties and was appointed bishop of Utrecht in 995. It is not known whether he had already resigned Toxandria, or whether the march of Antwerp was created in parallel with his county, similar to the march of Valenciennes in the south of the county of Hainaut. The first mention of Antwerp as a county is the charter of Heinrich II King of Germany dated 1008, which names Gozelon, of the family of the comtes de Verdun, as count of Antwerp[11]. This charter does not specify that Antwerp was a march and, if we consider that protection against the French provided the original reason for the establishment of the marches in western Lower Lotharingia, Antwerp was too far from French territory for this to have been a pressing need. Nevertheless, Gozelon is referred to with the title marchio before he was installed as duke of Lower Lotharingia in 1023. By the mid-11th century, the countship of the march of Antwerp seems to have been definitively attached to the duchy of Lower Lotharingia, and subsequently appears to have become settled with the dukes of Limburg, although this is not without doubt.

1. ANSFRID [III], son of LAMBERT [Comte de Huy] & his wife [--- van der Betuwe] ([945/50]-3 May 1010). The Catalogo Abbatum Gemblacensium names "nobilem virem Lambertum" and "Anfrido, filio eiusdem Lamberti"[12]. Thietmar names Count Ansfrid who "sprung from the high lineage of his ancestors", specifying that he was brought up by Bruno Archbishop of Köln, became sword-bearer of Emperor Otto when the latter entered Rome, and founded the abbey of Thorn[13]. His birth date is estimated consistent with this report. "Gerberga…Francorum regina" donated "alodo…Marsnam in comitatu Masaugo" to Reims Saint-Rémy, confirmed by "comitibus Emmone et Ansfrido", for the souls of "senioris nostri piæ memoriæ Gisleberti suique…patris…et matris Rageneri et Albradæ", by charter dated 10 Feb 968, signed by "Arnulfi comitis…Emmonis comitis, Ansfridi comitis…"[14]. The Chronicon Laureshamense describes the church of Empel, near Bois-le-Duc, as "in pago Dehsendron in præsidatu Ansfridi comitis", referring to its foundation by the bishop of Liège dated to 969[15], which confirms Ansfrid [II] (later Comte de Huy) as the first known Comte de Toxandria. The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium, added paragraph introduced by "Et pergit interpolator Hoiensis" referred to above, names "Ansfredi comitis" as the descendant of "Liethardus", specifying that he was Comte de Huy during the time of "Nothgeri Leodicensis episcopi"[16], the latter being bishop of Liège between 972 and 1007[17]. The Annales Colonienses specify that "Ansfridus comes laicus suscepto clericatu successit" in 995[18]. Thietmar records that he became a monk after the death of his wife and was appointed Bishop of Utrecht[19]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the election of "Ansfridus, qui pridem de seculari comite clericus attonsus est" as bishop of Utrecht, that he donated his lands "in comitatu Teysterbancie" and that he died "1007 V Non Mai"[20]. Vincentius Bellovacensis names "Anfridus, qui cum fuisset comes Bratuspantium"[21]. The chronicle of Alpertus names "Ansfridi episcopus Traiectenses", his daughter "abbatissa Tornensis monasterii" and "consanguineusque eius…Unruoch comes"[22]. Beke's Egmondscii Necrologium records the death "1008 V Non Mai" of "Anfridus ultimus comes Hoyensis", stating that he gave his county to the church of Liège, and specifying that he was also "comes Teysterbancie"[23].

1. GOZELON, son of GODEFROI Comte de Verdun & his wife Mechtild of Saxony ([968/73]-19 Apr 1044, bur Münsterbilsen). "Adalberonem…episcopum, Fredericum et Herimannum comites, Godefridum atque Gozelonem" are named (in order) as the five sons of "comiti Godefrido" and "Mathildis Saxoniæ comitissa" in the Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium, which specifies that Godefroi and Gozelon succeeded as dukes[24]. He is named, and his parentage given, in the Annalista Saxo[25]. Count in the March of Antwerp. "Henricus…rex" granted property "inter flumina…Nitæ…Thila…Wauerwald in comitatu Gotizonis comitis qui Antwerk dicitur situm" to "nostrum bestiarum Baldrico sanctæ Leodicensis ecclesiæ presul nec non Baldrico comiti" by charter dated 12 Sep 1008[26]. "Ducis Godefridi eiusque fratris…marchionis Gozelonis" are named as present with Adalbold bishop of Utrecht at Driel, in an undated charter dated to before 1023, relating to the donation of Wamel[27]. He succeeded his brother in 1023 as GOZELON I Duke of Lower Lotharingia. Wipo, in his description of the election of Konrad II King of Germany in 1024, names him "Gozilo Duke of the Ripuarians"[28]. He succeeded in 1033 as GOZELON I Duke of Upper Lotharingia. "Adelaydis comitissa uxor quondam…Ludouici comitis" donated property "per manum Gozelonis ducis atque Godefridi…et pro eius amore Dominique Frederici prefati ducis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [1038/40], subscribed by "dux Gozelo et eius filius Godefridus"[29]. The Chronicon of Bernold records the death in 1044 of "Gozzilo dux Lotharingorum"[30]. The necrology of Lüneburg records the death "19 Apr" of "Gozlinus dux"[31]. Heinrich III King of Germany regranted "comitatum…in Thrente" to the bishop of Utrecht by charter dated 22 May 1046, which specifies that the grant was made "post obitum Gozlini ducis nostre"[32].

1. BAUDOUIN, son of BAUDOUIN V "le Pieux/Insulanus" Count of Flanders & his wife Adela de France ([1030]-Hasnon Abbey 17 Jul 1070). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum Haanoniensem, et Robdbertum cognomento postea Iherosolimitanum, et Matilde uxorem Guillelmi regis Anglorum" as the children of "Balduinum Insulanum [et] Adelam"[33]. Baudouin's father sent him to be educated at the court of Emperor Heinrich III, who installed him as count in the march of Antwerp in [1045], although this was removed in [1050] after his father opposed the emperor[34]. He succeeded in 1055 as BAUDOUIN I Comte de Hainaut, by right of his wife. He succeeded his father in 1067 as BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders.

1. FREDERIC, son of FRIEDRICH Graf [im Moselgau], Vogt of Stablo and Malmédy [Luxembourg] & his wife [--- von Hammerstein] [Konradiner] (-28 Aug 1065, bur Stablo). He was installed by Heinrich III King of Germany as FREDERIC Duke of Lower Lotharingia in 1046. He was installed as count in the march of Antwerp, after this was recaptured from Baudouin V Count of Flanders by Emperor Heinrich III in 1049. Vogt of Stablo and Malmédy.

Chapter 2. COMTES d'ARDENNE

A. COMTES d'ARDENNE

The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks divided "…comitatum…de Arduenna…" between King Ludwig and King Charles[35]. The line of demarcation was the river Ourthe which cuts through Ardenne. The northern county included the abbey of Stavelot, and the southern county, which evolved into the county of Bastogne, the monastery of Saint-Hubert[36]. On the death of Gozelon Comte de Bastogne in [1028], it is assumed that the county reverted to his cousins the dukes of Lower Lotharingia[37]. At the end of the 11th century, the county of Salm emerged in the east of the county of Ardennes, the county of La Roche in the north, and the county centred on the castle of Bouillon in the south[38]. The counties of Vianden and Clervaux emerged in the area in the 12th century.

1. WIGERICH [II] (-after [14 Jan 877]). Count Wigerich [II] is included in the present chapter because his name suggests a close family connection with count Wigerich [III] (see below), but the precise family relationship has not been established and no evidence has been found concerning the county which he ruled. An agreement between Agilmaro Archbishop of Vienne and "Wigerium comitem" is dated 853, naming as present "Gairardus quoque comes, Fulhcradus comes, Arnulfus comes, Autrannus comes, Begere comes, Vopoldus comes, Barnardus comes, Aldrigus comes, item Barnardus comes, Ingelramus comes, Gairangus comes"[39]. An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[40]. An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travels across the Meuse[41]. It is not known whether "Widricus" refers to Wigerich [II] or Wigerich [III] (who died in [916/19], see below), although 877 seems early for this to apply to Wigerich [III]. m [EVA, daughter of ---. The Historia Walciodorensis monasterii names "Berta filiam Wederici comitis et Eva" as wife of "comes Ebroinus"[42]. Assuming that this ancestry is correct (bearing in mind the dubious nature of this source), it is chronologically more consistent if Berta was the daughter of Wigerich [II] rather than Wigerich [III] and therefore that Eva was the wife of the former.] Wigerich [II] & his wife had [one] child:

a) [BERTA . The Historia Walciodorensis monasterii names "Berta filiam Wederici comitis et Eva" as wife of "comes Ebroinus", specifying that her dowry was "Florinas"[43]. Assuming that this ancestry is correct (bearing in mind the dubious nature of this source), it is chronologically more consistent if Berta was the daughter of Wigerich [II] than Wigerich [III]. m EBROIN, son of BOVO "Sin Barba" & his wife --- (-12 Sep ----).]

1. ODACRE [Odoacar] (-after [901/02]). Graf von Bliesgau: Robert Bishop of Metz granted property "in pago Blesinsi in comitatu Odacri comitis in villa…Letoltingos…" to Kloster Neumünster by charter dated 17 Feb 893[44]. King Zwentibold donated property of "…Odacrus…comes in pago Treuerens" to St Maximin, Trier by charter dated 28 Jan 897[45]. Regino records that in 897 "Stephanus, Odacar, Gerardus et Matfridus comites" had their honours confiscated, and the reconciliation of "Stephanus, Gerhardus et Matfridus" with King Zwentibold soon after[46]. Regino records that in 898 Zwentibold King of Lotharingia banished "Reginarium ducem…sibi fidissimum et unicum consiliarium" who went with "Odacro comite et quibusdam aliis, cum mulieribus et parvulis" to "Durfos" (near "Mosa fluvius") where they were besieged[47]. Regino names "Odacar comes" in 899[48]. Comte d'Ardenne 901-902. His name suggests a family connection with Baudouin Count of Flanders whose father bore the same name.

Two brothers, parents not known.

1. FREDERIC (-Trier 23 Oct 942, bur Trier). The Vita Iohannis Gorziensis names "Fridericus…infantulus quidem monasterio sancti Humberti…mancipatus" as "patruus…domni Adelberonis", adding that he shunned the monastic vocation but later retired to the abbey of Gorze, and afterwards became abbot at Saint-Hubert[49]. Nothing is known of his life outside the monasteries, apart from his advising his nephew Adalbero [I] Bishop of Metz.

2. WIGERICH [III] (-[19 Jan 916/919], bur Abbaye de Saint-Glossinde, Metz). "Zuendeboldus…rex" donated property to the church of Trier by charter dated 23 Jan 899 which names "Richquinus et Widiacus…comites nostri"[50]. He was given the right to coin money in part of the archbishopric of Trier in 902[51]. Ludwig "das Kind" King of Germany restored property taken by "Conradus et Gebehartus comites" to the church of Trier with the consent of "Wigerici comitis" by charter dated 19 Sep 902[52]. Graf von Bidgau: the monastery of St Maximin exchanged property "in pago Nedinse in comitatu Liutardi in loco…Burmeringas" for property "in pago Bedinse in comitatu Widrici…villa…Eslingis" with "Roricus" (vassal of Trier) by charter dated 1 Jan 909, subscribed by "Widrici comitis"[53]. Comte d'Ardenne. Charles III “le Simple” King of the West Franks donated the abbeys of Hastières and Saint-Rombaut to Liège Saint-Lambert, granting the enjoyment for life to "comes Windricus...uxoris eius...Cunegundis et unius filiorum ipsorum...nostri nepotis Adelberonis", by charter dated to [915][54]. Comes palatii of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks in 916. King Charles III restored Kloster Süsteren to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 19 Jan 916 which names "fidelium nostrorum…Widricus comes palatii, Richuuinus comes, Gislebertus, Matfridus, Beringerius comites, Theodericus comes, Reinherus comes, Erleboldus"[55]. m ([907/09]) as her first husband, CUNIGONDE, daughter of --- & his wife Ermentrud --- ([895]-after [930/40]). Her parentage and first marriage are indicated by the charter dated to [915] under which Charles III “le Simple” King of the West Franks donated the abbeys of Hastières and Saint-Rombaut to Liège Saint-Lambert, granting the enjoyment for life to "comes Windricus...uxoris eius...Cunegundis et unius filiorum ipsorum...nostri nepotis Adelberonis"[56]. She married secondly ([916/19]) as his second wife, Richwin [Richizo] Comte [de Verdun]. Her first and second marriages are confirmed by the Vita Iohannis Gorziensis which names "episcopo…Adalberone" (her son by her first husband) and "vitrico…eius Richizone" (her second husband)[57]. Her parentage is confirmed more specifically because the mother of Siegfried Count of Luxembourg is named "Cynigund", daughter of "Irmindrud" daughter of Louis II "le Bègue" King of the West Franks, in an 11th century genealogy which traces the ancestry of Siegfried's daughter Empress Kunigunde[58]. [She may have married thirdly ---. This possible third marriage is discussed in the document LUXEMBOURG, SALM.] Wigerich [III] & his wife had [seven] children:

a) FREDERIC ([910/15]-[Jun/Jul] 978). Duke Frederic's parentage is deduced from the charter of "Otto…imperator augustus" dated 3 Jun 960, under which property was donated to Kloster St Petrus at Metz and which names "compater noster Adalbero…sanctæ Mettensis ecclesiæ presul [et] germano suo Friderico duce"[59], read together with the diploma of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks which granted the abbey of Hastières to the church of Liège which names the parents of Adalberon[60]. He was installed as FREDERIC I Duke of Upper Lotharingia in 959.

- DUKES of UPPER LOTHARINGIA.

b) ADALBERO ([910/15]-26 Apr 962, bur église de l'Abbaye de Gorze, [Moselle]). Charles III “le Simple” King of the West Franks donated the abbeys of Hastières and Saint-Rombaut to Liège Saint-Lambert, granting the enjoyment for life to "comes Windricus...uxoris eius...Cunegundis et unius filiorum ipsorum...nostri nepotis Adelberonis", by charter dated to [915][61]. Bishop of Metz 940. "Otto…imperator augustus" donated property to Kloster St Petrus at Metz by charter dated 3 Jun 960 which names "compater noster Adalbero…sanctæ Mettensis ecclesiæ presul [et] germano suo Friderico duce"[62].

c) GISELBERT (-24 Nov before 965, bur église de l'Abbaye de Gorze, [Moselle]). "Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini" subscribed the charter dated 943 which refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier[63]. As Frederic is known to have been the brother of Adalbero [I] Bishop of Metz, whose parents are known (see above), it is assumed that all five individuals were sons of Wigerich [III] and Cunigonde (although it is also possible that some or all of them were uterine brothers born from the second marriage of Cunigonde). Comte d’Ardenne: property "in comitatu Giselberti comitis in pago Arduenne in villa…Viulna" was among that exchanged by "Sigefridus comes de nobili genere natus" with St Maximin for the castle of Luxembourg by charter dated 17 Apr 963[64]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "VIII Kal Dec" of "Gislebertus comes qui dedit nobis V mansos de terra"[65]. m HADWIDE, daughter of --- (-23 Feb after 965). “Hadewidis quondam coniunx Gisleberti comitis necnon et filius eiusdem Gautfridus” donated property “in pago et comitatu Moslinsi in loco…Daganem” to Gorze Abbey by charter dated 939 (misdated), which notes that Giselbert was buried in the abbey[66]. Gislebert & his wife had one child:

i) GODEFROI . “Hadewidis quondam coniunx Gisleberti comitis necnon et filius eiusdem Gautfridus” donated property “in pago et comitatu Moslinsi in loco…Daganem” to Gorze Abbey by charter dated 939[67]. 938/65.

d) SIEGBERT (-after [14 Jul 947]). "Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini" subscribed the charter dated 943 which refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier[68]. As Frederic is known to have been the brother of Adalbero [I] Bishop of Metz, whose parents are known (see above), it is assumed that all five individuals were sons of Wigerich [III] and Cunigonde (although it is also possible that some or all of them were uterine brothers born from the second marriage of Cunigonde). "Otto…rex" granted property "in pago Lere in comitatu Heinrici comitis…in pago autem Hasagovue in comitatu Livtolfi…in pago Agartinga in comitatu Sigiberti" to Kloster Engern by charter dated 14 Jul 947[69]. No Siegbert, other than the son of Wigerich [III], has been identified to whom this can refer.

e) GOZELON ([before 915]-[12 Oct 942/16 Feb 943] [19 Oct 942]). His parentage is indicated by the charter dated 943 which refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinesdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[70]. As Frederic is known to have been the brother of Adalbero [I] Bishop of Metz, whose parents are known (see above), it is assumed that all five individuals were sons of Wigerich [III] and Cunigonde (although it is also possible that some or all of them were uterine brothers born from the second marriage of Cunigonde).

- see below.

f) LIUTGARDE (-after 960). "Liutgardis" donated property "in comitatu Nithegowe cui Godefridus comes preesse", which she inherited from "parentibus meis Wigerico et Cunegunda", to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…parentum meorum, seniorum quoque meorum Alberti et Everhardi vel filiorum meorum" by charter dated 8 Apr 960[71]. The identity of Liutgarde´s second husband “Everhardi” is not known with certainty. Eberhard [IV] Graf im Nordgau appears to have been the only contemporary Count Eberhard. The hypothesis is accepted by Poull[72] and Europäische Stammtafeln[73]. Rösch is more cautious, referring to Liutgarde's second husband as "Eberhard" without citing his origin[74]. Wegener assumes that the wording of the 960 charter means that "Alberti et Everhardi" were Liutgard's successive husbands and that both were deceased at the date of the charter[75], although this is not necessarily the only interpretation of the text. He argues that Liutgarde's second husband could not therefore have been Eberhard [IV] Graf im Nordgau, who died in [972/73], and suggests that he was Eberhard Duke of Bavaria [Liutpoldinger]. However, as the last reference to Duke Eberhard is in 938, this would mean that he was Luitgarde's first husband, which appears unlikely if the order of the names of her two husbands in the charter is chronological. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines provides some interesting corroboration for Liutgarde's marriage to Graf Eberhard [IV] by recording "comes Hugo de Daburg, pater sancti Leonis pape" as "consobrinus" of "imperator Conradus"[76]. If the origin of Liutgarde's two husbands were as shown here, Hugo [VIII] Graf von Egisheim would have been second cousin once removed of Emperor Konrad, the emperor being the great-grandson of Liutgarde by her supposed first marriage, while Hugo would have been her grandson by her second marriage. m firstly ADALBERT Graf [von Metz], son of MATFRIED Graf im Metzgau & his wife Landtsint --- (-killed in battle 27 Jan or 10 Feb 944). m secondly EBERHARD, son of ---, same person as…? EBERHARD [IV] Graf im Nordgau, son of HUGO [V] Graf im Nordgau [Etichonen] & his wife Hildegard --- (-18 Dec [972/73]).

g) [SIEGFRIED (-28 Oct [998], bur Trier). His possible parentage is discussed in the document LUXEMBOURG, SALM.]

[- COMTES de LUXEMBOURG.]

The precise relationship between the following person and the family of Wigerich [III] has not been established but there is clearly a family connection as discussed below. In addition, the supposed wife of Wigerich [II] was named Eva (see above).

1. EVA (-after 21 Apr 958). "Eva comitissa et filius meus Udelricus…Remorum Archiepiscopus" donated "villam meam Layum…in comitatu Culvomontisse", granted to her by her husband as dower, to the abbey of Metz Saint-Arnoul, in memory of "conjugis mei Hugonis…comitis, filiique nostri…comitis Arnulphi", on the instigation of "Adelberonis Metensium episcopi meique consanguinei", by charter dated 16 Aug 950, subscribed by "Frederici ducis, Sigifridi comitis, Gisleberti comitis, Thiæberti palatini comitis…"[77]. Three subscribers can be identified as the sons of Wigerich [III] Comte d'Ardenne, which suggests that Eva was closely related either to Wigerich or his wife Cunigonde. This document must be considered at least partially spurious in light of the date which predated the appointment of Eva´s son as archbishop by eight years. "Udelricus filius Evæ comitissæ, de fortissimo Francorum germine procreatus, in primo teneræ ætatis meæ flore paterna fueram gratia privatus, materna…cum unico fratre…Arnulpho…contentus" confirmed the donation of "fiscum…villam nostram Laium in comitatu Calvomontinse sitam" to Metz St Arnulf, naming "patre meo Hugone" and recording the death of his brother, by charter dated 21 Apr 958[78]. m HUGUES Comte de Chaumont, son of --- (-before 950).

GOZELON, son of WIGERICH [III] Graf im Bidgau & his wife Cunigonde --- ([before 915]-[12 Oct 942/16 Feb 943][79] [19 Oct 942]). His parentage is indicated by the charter dated 943 which refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinesdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[80]. As Frederic is known to have been the brother of Adalbero [I] Bishop of Metz, whose parents are known (see above), it is assumed that all five individuals were sons of Wigerich [III] and Cunigonde (although it is also possible that some or all of them were uterine brothers born from the second marriage of Cunigonde). His birth date is estimated from his wife having given birth to four children before he died. He received the villa of Varangéville from his supposed brother Adalbéron and subscribed one of the latter's charters dated 15 Mar 942[81]. The necrology of the church of Reims records the death "XIV Kal Nov" of "Godefridus comes pater Adalberonis archiepiscopi”[82].

m UDA, daughter of GERHARD Graf [Matfriede] & his wife Oda of Saxony (-after 18 May 963). A charter dated 943 refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinesdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[83]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Otto…rex" confirmed a donation of property "Dauantri in pago…Hamalant in comitatu Wichmanni comitis…" inherited by "Uda nostra nepta" by charter dated 28 Aug 960[84]. "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[85].

Comte Gozelon & his wife had four children:

1. REGINAR (-before [985]). A charter dated 943 refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinsdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[86]. "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[87]. Comte de Bastogne.

- COMTES de BASTOGNE.

2. HENRI (-6 Sep ----). "Rodulfus filius quondam…comitis Rodulfi et eius…coniugis Evæ" donated property "res…meæ…in pago et in comitatu Virdunensi…Geldulfi villa" for the souls of "senioris mei Wigfridi episcopi et parentis mei Ottonis, Gisleberti quondam comitis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [960], subscribed by "Gotdefridi comitis et fratris eius Heinrici"[88]. "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[89]. The necrology of the church of Reims records the death "VIII Id Sep" of "Henricus comes frater Adalberonis archiepiscopi"[90].

3. GODEFROI (-after 3 Sep [998 or after], bur Gent St Peter). His parentage is proved by the charter dated 6 Apr 997 by which "Otto…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights of "monasterio super fluvium Mose" founded by "Gotefridi comitis nostrique fidelis…et coniux sua pro anime sui fratris Alberonis"[91]. He was installed as Comte de Verdun before [960]: "Rodulfus filius quondam…comitis Rodulfi et eius…coniugis Evæ" donated property "res…meæ…in pago et in comitatu Virdunensi…Geldulfi villa" for the souls of "senioris mei Wigfridi episcopi et parentis mei Ottonis, Gisleberti quondam comitis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [960], subscribed by "Gotdefridi comitis et fratris eius Heinrici"[92].

- COMTES de VERDUN.

4. ADALBERO (-23 Jan 989). "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[93]. Canon at Metz. He was appointed Archbishop of Reims in 969. The Annales Remenses record in 967 that, after the death of "Odalrico", "Adalbero archiepiscopus" was appointed[94]. The Annales Mosomagenses record the ordination in 969 of “Adalbero Remorum archiepiscopus”[95]. He was appointed arch-chancellor of Lothaire King of the West Franks in 969. However, after the king captured his brother Godefroi Comte de Verdun, Adalbero defied Lothaire, appointed his nephew Adalberon as bishop of Verdun without the king's permission, and was summoned to an assembly at Compiègne 11 May 985 on charges of treason, although the assembly was never held. He was summoned again in Mar 987, postponed to May 987, and acquitted as Hugues "Capet" had assumed the presidency of the assembly following the accidental death of Louis V King of the West Franks[96]. The Annales Mosomagenses record the death in 989 of “Adalbero Remorum archiepiscopus”[97]. The necrology of Reims records the death “X Kal Feb” of “domnus Adalbero archiepiscopus”[98]. "Otto…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights of "monasterio super fluvium Mose" founded by "Gotefridi comitis nostrique fidelis…et coniux sua pro anime sui fratris Alberonis" by charter dated 6 Apr 997[99]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights and property of Kloster Mouzon donated by (among others) "dux Fredericus pro anima Ottonis…[et] Godefridus comes et coniux sua Mathildis pro anima sui fratris Adalberonis archiepiscopi" by charter dated 1023[100].

B. COMTES de BASTOGNE

Bastogne is located in the eastern part of the present-day Belgian province of Luxembourg, close to the border with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. In medieval times it lay with the county of Ardenne/Ardennengau but was recorded as a separate county until the early 11th century. A count has also been identified in the town of Boevange/Beigen, 10 kilometres north-east of Bastogne, as shown below. It is not known whether he was count of the larger area of Bastogne.

1. OTBERT (-after 6 Apr 907). Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed donations by "Otberto et uxori suæ Hildigarde" to Kloster Prüm of property "in pago Iulicense…et in pago Eiflense…in pago Bunnense…in pago Meginennse" by charter dated 20 Oct 871[101]. Comte de Bastogne. A charter dated 6 Apr 907 records an agreement between "Harduinem" and "comitem Otbertum et uxorem eius Helitrudam…atque comitem Rainerum" concerning transfer of property "villa Wanbaise in comitatu Bastoniense" to the abbey of Stavelot[102]. m firstly HILDEGARDE, daughter of ---. Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed donations by "Otberto et uxori suæ Hildigarde" to Kloster Prüm of property "in pago Iulicense…et in pago Eiflense…in pago Bunnense…in pago Meginennse" by charter dated 20 Oct 871[103]. m secondly HELITRUD, daughter of ---. A charter dated 6 Apr 907 records an agreement between "Harduinem" and "comitem Otbertum et uxorem eius Helitrudam…atque comitem Rainerum" concerning transfer of property "villa Wanbaise in comitatu Bastoniense" to the abbey of Stavelot[104].

1. HARDOUIN (-after 14 Sep 977). Comte [en Boevange/Beigen]. A charter dated 946 recording an exchange between Trier cathedral and Maastricht St Servatius refers to property "in villa Lens in comitatu Avernas temporibus Rodulphi comitis" (implying that "Rodulphi comitis" was deceased by the date of the charter) and "in comitatu Hardinno sitas in villa Bouingas" [Boevange] (suggesting that Comte Harduin was still alive)[105]. The abbot of Gorze ratified acquisitions at “Flammereshem in Wormatie” by charter dated 14 Sep 977, subscribed by “Immonis comitis palatii, Birardi comitis, Alardi comitis, Azzonis comitis, Bozelonis comitis, Folmeri comitis, Hardonis comitis, Hamedei advocate loci”[106].

1. REGINAR, son of GOZELON [Comte d'Ardenne] & his wife Uda --- (-before [985]). A charter dated 943 refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinsdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[107]. "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[108]. 965. Comte de Bastogne. A letter of Gerbert dated to [985] names "comes Reinharius"[109]. It is not clear from the context whether this refers to Reginar, son of Gozelon, or Reginar [IV] Comte de Hainaut (see the document HAINAUT). However, a later letter names "Hainao Reniero"[110] which suggests that the latter is correct. As the former letter also names two of Reginar's sons, it is possible that their father Reginar son of Gozelon had died before that date. m ---. The name of Reginar's wife is not known. Reginar & his wife had three children:

a) BARDO . A letter of Gerbert dated 985 names "episcopus Laudunensis Adalbero" and "frater Gocilo", adding that "filio fratris Barde" was given as hostage[111]. Richer records that "Belgicæ dux Theodericus, necnon et vir nobilis ac strenuous Godefridus, Sigefridus quoque vir illustris, Bardo etiam et Gozilo fratres clarissimi et nominatissimi" captured Verdun in 985[112]. m ---. The name of Bardo's wife is not known. Bardo & his wife had one child:

i) son . A letter of Gerbert dated 985 names "episcopus Laudunensis Adalbero" and "frater Gocilo", adding that "filio fratris Barde" was given as hostage[113].

b) ADALBERO (-1031). A letter of Gerbert dated 985 names "episcopus Laudunensis Adalbero" and "frater Gocilo", adding that "filio fratris Barde" was given as hostage[114]. Bishop of Laon 977. Flodoard (Continuator) records in 977 the succession of “Adalbero iuvenis...ex Lotharii natus regno” as bishop of Laon and his ordination “nonas Kal Apr” by Adalbero Archbishop of Reims[115]. Charles Duke of Lotharingia accused his sister-in-law Emma, widow of Lothaire King of the West Franks, of adultery with Adalbero Bishop of Laon[116]. Louis V King of the West Franks quarrelled with his mother, banished Adalbero Bishop of Laon, and besieged Reims[117]. “...Adalbero Laudunensis episcopus...” subscribed the charter dated to [1008] under which Robert II King of France confirmed donations to Saint-Denis[118].

c) GOZELON (-after 19 Apr 1028, bur Saint-Hubert). Richer records that "Belgicæ dux Theodericus, necnon et vir nobilis ac strenuous Godefridus, Sigefridus quoque vir illustris, Bardo etiam et Gozilo fratres clarissimi et nominatissimi" captured Verdun in 985[119]. Comte dans les Ardennes 965/[1028]. "Otto…imperator augustus" made donations "in regno Lothariensi…Amella et Geldulfi villas in pago Uuebra in comitatu Reginhardi comitis…Morlinga et Lazehi in pago Mosalgovve et in comitatu Sigifrid comitis…Lunglar in pago Osning in comitatu Kozilonis comitis…Uelme in pago Haspongouue in comitatu Eremfridi comitis…Ernustesvuilere in pago Bliesichgoue in comitatu Volcmari comitis" to the Kloster St Gorgonius at Gorze in accordance with the last wishes of "Cunradus filius Ruodolfi quondam comitis" killed in battle with the Sarracens, by charter dated 26 Sep 982[120]. Comte de Bastogne. Emperor Konrad II confirmed property of Liège Sainte-Croix, including “in pago Arduensi in comitatu Gozelonis de Bastonia ecclesiam de Lonchamp et in pago Condustriensi in comitatu Gozelonis de Hoie ecclesiam de Hafflangia”, by charter dated 19 Apr 1028[121]. The 17th century compilation Antiquitas Ecclesiæ Andaginensis Sancti Petri records that “comes Gozelo pater Cunegundis reclusæ” donated “quinque mansos in Remianster et...in Fageto duos mansos et dimidium et in Morhez...et in Hoymonte...in Chisonia”[122]. Kurth indicates that the original charter for this donation is lost, but dates it to [1028][123]. m ---. The name of Gozelon's wife is not known. Gozelon & his wife had one child:

i) KUNIGUNDE (-after [1028], bur Saint-Hubert). The Chronicon S. Huberti Andaginensis records that, during the reign of Emperor Heinrich II, "Cunegondis comitissa…unica Gozelonis comitis" married "Ottoni cuidam Saxonico" but that they were divorced and that all her property reverted to the emperor, Kunigunde retiring to Saint-Hubert where she was buried "iuxta…patris sui Gozelonis"[124]. No indication has been found of the identity of Kunigunde’s husband. The 17th century compilation Antiquitas Ecclesiæ Andaginensis Sancti Petri records that “comes Gozelo pater Cunegundis reclusæ” donated “quinque mansos in Remianster et...in Fageto duos mansos et dimidium et in Morhez...et in Hoymonte...in Chisonia”[125]. Kurth indicates that the original charter for this donation is lost, but dates it to [1028][126]. m (divorced) OTTO, son of ---.

C. COMTES de DURBUY

The town of Durbuy is located on the banks of the river Ourthe in the present-day Belgian province of Luxembourg, north of La Roche and south of Liège. No reference to the county of Durbuy has been found before the late 11th century, when it was held by Henri, younger son of Albert II Comte de Namur. It has not been ascertained whether Henri de Namur inherited the county from one of his parents or by marriage. After the death of Comte Henri [II], dated to before 1150 (see below), Durbuy reverted to his cousin Henri I Comte de Namur and subsequently passed to Luxembourg.

HENRI [I] de Namur, son of ALBERT II Comte de Namur & his wife Regilindis of Lower Lotharingia (-after 23 Apr 1088). The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium records that "Albertum comitem de Namuco" was father of "Albertum et fratrem eius Heinricum comitem de Durboio"[127]. The Chronicon Huberti names "Albertus comes Namucensis et Henricus Durboiensis", but does not specify their relationship[128]. Comte de Durbuy. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed donations to St Jakob, Liège by charter dated 23 Apr 1088, at the request of "Heinrico comite de Durbui"[129].

m ---. No reference has been found to the wife of Comte Henri.

Comte Henri & his wife had one child:

1. [GODEFROI/HENRI] de Durbuy (-before 1124). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. The only reference to Godefroi so far found is the Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis which records the marriage of "Godefrido de Durbuil, frater comitis de Namuco et comitis de Rupe" and secondly "Godefrido de Aissa"[130]. From a chronological point of view, it is unlikely that "frater comitis de Namuco" can be correct: “frater” is presumably an error for "nepos", a suggestion which appears confirmed by the probable additional generation in the Durbuy family between Henri [I] and Henri [II]. However, there appears no certainty that this supposed son of Henri [I] was named Godefroi. Another difficulty is presented by the Historia Andaginensis Monasterii which records that Otbert Bishop of Liège was captured by “comite Henrico” and taken to “Durboium”[131], a passage presumably indicating that the bishop´s captor was comte de Durbuy. As Otbert is recorded as bishop from 1091 to 1118, the text cannot refer either to Henri [I] or Henri [II]. The apparent confusion between Henri [I]’s supposed son being named “Godefroi” and “Henri”, in different sources, has not been resolved. Comte de Durbuy. [Godefroi/Henri] must have died before 1124 when his son "comes de Dorbui Heinricus adhuc puer" subscribed a charter (see below)[132]. m as her first husband, ALIX de Grandpré, daughter of HENRI [Hezelin] Comte de Grandpré & his wife Ermentrude [de Joux] ([1096/98]-after [1130]). Considering that Alix is recorded with three children by her first husband, who must have died before 1124, it is likely that she was the daughter of Henri/Hezelin. If that is correct, she was presumably born at the end of her father’s life or even posthumously. This parentage is specified in the Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis which records that "unam sororum domni Bartholomei" married "Henricus de Grandi-prato [=Henri/Hezelin]", by whom she had “Henricum [=Henri [I]] et Adelidem...”, and that the latter married firstly "Godefrido de Durbuil, frater comitis de Namuco et comitis de Rupe" and secondly "Godefrido de Aissa"[133]. It should be noted that the Miraculis S. Mariæ Laudunensis, when recording the marriage of Ermentrude [de Joux] (assumed to be Henri/Hezelin’s wife), says that “germanamque eius Adeladem” was “matrem Ricardi Virdunensis ac Laudunensis archidiaconi”[134], which appears incompatible with the passage in the Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis quoted above. [The full text: "Veneranda Adelidis, germana dicti Henrici, nupsit comiti Godefrido de Durbuil, frater comitis de Namuco et comitis de Rupe. De quo peperit Richardum Laudunensem atque Virdunensem archidiaconum, fratrem quoque eius Henricum et sororem eius Adelidem sanctimonialem. Defuncto autem Godefrido de Durbuil, predicta Adelidis nupta Godefrido de Aissa peperit Robertum Fusniacensem abbatem et Henricum, Fredericum atque Bartholomeum necnon Ermengardem"[135].] From a chronological point of view, it is unlikely that "frater comitis de Namuco" can be correct: “frater” is presumably an error for "nepos", as discussed above. Alix married secondly ([before 1124]) Gottfried [II] von Esch. The precise date of her second marriage is not known, but Alix's second husband subscribed the 1124 charter quoted below as guardian of her son by her first marriage. Having five children by her second marriage suggests that Alix survived at least until [1130]. Comte [Godefroi/Henri] & his wife had three children:

a) HENRI [II] de Durbuy ([1115/18?]-[1134/47]). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Richardum Laudunensem atque Virdunensem archidiaconum, fratrem quoque eius Henricum et sororem eius Adelidem sanctimonialem" as children of "Godefrido de Durbuil" & his wife[136]. Comte de Durbuy. Cuono abbot of Stavelo notified an agreement with “Everardo de Iziers” concerning the church of Bra, in the presence of “Heinrico adhuc puero et nutricio eius Godefrido de Asca...et matre pueri Adolide comitissa” by charter dated 1124, witnessed by “...Godefridus comes de Asca et comes de Durbuy, Heinricus adhuc puer...”[137]. As can be seen above, Gottfried von Esch was Henri's stepfather. "Henrici de Durbui" subscribed the charter dated 1134 under which "Teodericus…comes Flandrensis" confirmed previous donations to the abbey of Saint-Martin de Tournai[138]. It is suggested that Henri died before [1147/48] when Henri I "l'Aveugle" Comte de Namur is recorded as quarrelling with Richard de Durbuy Bishop of Verdun, maybe about Durbuy which would have reverted to Comte Henri as senior male heir of Henri [II][139].

b) RICHARD de Durbuy (-1171). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Richardum Laudunensem atque Virdunensem archidiaconum, fratrem quoque eius Henricum et sororem eius Adelidem sanctimonialem" as children of "Godefrido de Durbuil" & his wife[140]. His position first in this list was presumably out of respect for his ecclesiastical position rather than because he was the older son. Bishop of Verdun 1163. The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium (Continuatio) records that “Richardus...cognomento Infans” Albert de Marcie as bishop of Verdun, and made “transmarinum iter”[141]. The Annales Sancti Vitoni Virdunensis record the death in 1171 of “Richardus electus Virdunensis” and the succession of “Arnoldus”[142].

c) ALIX de Durbuy . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Richardum Laudunensem atque Virdunensem archidiaconum, fratrem quoque eius Henricum et sororem eius Adelidem sanctimonialem" as children of "Godefrido de Durbuil" & his wife[143]. Nun.

D. COMTES de LA ROCHE

The town of La Roche is located on the banks of the river Ourthe in the present-day Belgian province of Luxembourg, north of Bastogne. Vanderkindere suggests that the county of La Roche emerged in the north of the county of Ardenne at the end of the 11th century[144]. However, as noted below, the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records a comte de La Roche as “vice abbatis” of the abbey of Stavelot in the early 10th century. That individual has not otherwise been identified and no further references to La Roche as a county have been found until the 12th century. La Roche was presumably little more than a hamlet in medieval times and its existence as a separate county is difficult to explain. No pagus of that name has been identified. A possible explanation for the 10th century count is that he owed his title to another county elsewhere and that the title was applied to La Roche for the purposes of describing his relationship with Stavelot. The name Adelard/Adalhard was relatively common among the Frankish nobility in the 9th and 10th centuries (see the document FRANKS, CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). A family relationship between the earliest Comte Adelard and the later comtes de La Roche of the family of the comtes de Namur is suggested by a common connection with the abbey of Stavelot. The later counts held the position of advocatus of Stavelot, presumably the same as indicated by “vice abbatis” in the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines in relation to Adelard, a post which was often retained in the same family, sometimes forming part of the dowry of daughters and subsequently descending in the female line. In the 11th century, the post was held by members of the Luxembourg family, whose ancestry before the mid-10th century is difficult to trace. According to Murray, the lands which constituted the county of La Roche were brought to the comtes de Namur by Ida of Saxony on her marriage to Albert III Comte de Namur[145]. Ida was the widow of Friedrich of Luxembourg, who was recorded as advocatus of Stavelot, and so these lands may have formed part of her dower from her first husband.

1. ADELARD (-after 905). Comte de la Roche. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records in 905 that "Adelardus comes de Rupe in Ardenna" was "apud Stabularius vice abbatis"[146].

HENRI de Namur, son of ALBERT III Comte de Namur & his wife Ida von Sachsen (-before 1138). The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Godefridum et Henricum comitem de Rupe" sons of "Albertus de Namurco"[147]. Comte de La Roche. Vogt of Stablo-Malmédy. "Heinricus advocatus et filius eius Heinricus, Godefridus de Asca et comes de Dorbui Heinricus adhuc puer" subscribed the charter dated 1124 under which "Cuono…Stabulensis abbas" recounted the settlement reached over the church of Bra[148].

m MATHILDE van Limburg, daughter of HENDRIK [I] Graaf van Limburg & his [second] wife Adelheid von Botenstein (-after 1148). "Heinricus comes de Rupe" donated property to the abbey of St Hubert by charter dated 1152 which names "matris mei Mathildis comitisse et Godefridi fratris mei"[149]. Her origin is determined from a charter dated 1148 in which Wibald abbot of Stavelot names "dominis suis Heinrico de Rupe et Heinrico de Lemburch quorum alter, id est de Rupe, advocatus ecclesie nostre erat et alterius Heinrici amite filius"[150], the former being Henri [II] Comte de La Roche and the latter Hendrik [II] Duke of Limburg.

Comte Henri & his wife had five children:

1. GODEFROI de La Roche (-after 11 Apr 1138). "…Godefridum filium Heinrici comitis del Roche" consented to the donation by "Godefridus comes Namucensis…" to the abbey of Floreffe by charter dated 7 Jan 1125[151]. Comte de La Roche. "Godefridus de la Rotza, Heinricus frater eius" subscribed the charter dated 11 Apr 1138 under which Konrad III King of Germany confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Stavelot[152]. "Heinricus comes de Rupe" donated property to the abbey of St Hubert by charter dated 1152 which names "matris mei Mathildis comitisse et Godefridi fratris mei"[153].

2. HENRI [II] de La Roche (-before 10 Jan 1155). "Heinricus advocatus et filius eius Heinricus, Godefridus de Asca et comes de Dorbui Heinricus adhuc puer" subscribed the charter dated 1124 under which "Cuono…Stabulensis abbas" recounted the settlement reached over the church of Bra[154]. "Heinricus comes de Rupe" confirmed the donation of "capellam…in silva Fredier" to the abbey of Saint-Hubert, Ardenne, made by "matris mee Mathildis comitesse et Godefridi fratris mei", by charter dated 1152, subscribed by "Elizabeth comitissa conjux mea, Beatrix soror mea et Godefridus filius eius de Brida…"[155]. "Godefridus de la Rotza, Heinricus frater eius" subscribed the charter dated 11 Apr 1138 under which Konrad III King of Germany confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Stavelot[156]. Comte de La Roche 1143. "Heinricus comes de Rupe" donated property to the abbey of St Hubert by charter dated 1152 which names "matris mei Mathildis comitisse et Godefridi fratris mei"[157]. His death before 1155 is confirmed by the charter dated 10 Jan 1155 under which Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany donated the Vogtei of Stavelot previously held by "comes Heinricus de Rupe" to abbot Wibald[158]. m ELISABETH, daughter of --- (-after 1152). "Heinricus comes de Rupe" confirmed the donation of "capellam…in silva Fredier" to the abbey of Saint-Hubert, Ardenne, made by "matris mee Mathildis comitesse et Godefridi fratris mei", by charter dated 1152, subscribed by "Elizabeth comitissa conjux mea, Beatrix soror mea et Godefridus filius eius de Brida…"[159].

3. FREDERIC de La Roche (-30 Oct 1174). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Fredericus archidyaconus Sancti Lamberti Leodiensis, qui postea factus archiepiscopus de Tyre, et soror eius Mathildis" as children of "Albertus de Rupe"[160], although as noted below this appears to be in error for "Henricum de Rupe". Archbishop of Tyre 1164.

4. MATHILDE de La Roche . The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Mathildis" daughter of "Henricum comitem de Rupe"[161]. The Chronicon Hanonense of Baudouin d’Avesnes names "Mehaut" as daughter of "Henri…quens de Durbuis", her first husband "signour de Wallecourt Weri de Walecourt" and her second husband "Nicholas d'Avesnes"[162]. The Chronicon Hanoniense of Giselbert names "Mathildem filiam Henrici comitis de Roche in Ardenna" as wife of "Nicholaus filius [Walteri…de Avethnes]", adding that she obtained “comitatum de Rocha et advocatias Stabulacensis ecclesia” from the comte de Namur and the emperor[163]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Fredericus archidyaconus Sancti Lamberti Leodiensis, qui postea factus archiepiscopus de Tyre, et soror eius Mathildis" as children of "Albertus de Rupe", specifying that Mathilde married firstly "Theoderico de Walecurt" by whom she was mother of "Werricum de Rupeforti et matrem Theoderici de Hufalize, cuius filius Henricus de Hufalize", and secondly "Nicolao de Avenes"[164]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "filius eius Nicolaus Plukellus" married "Machtildem filiam Henrici comitis de Rupe in Ardenna", whose first husband was "domini de Walecourt"[165]. m firstly THIERRY [I] Seigneur de Walcourt, son of WERY [I] Seigneur de Walcourt & his wife Adelaide --- (-[1147/48]). m secondly (before 1150) NICOLAS d'Oisy Seigneur d'Avesnes, son of WAUTIER [I] d'Oisy & his wife Ade [Ide] de Mortagne (-[1169/71]).

5. BEATRIX de La Roche (-after 1152). The Chronicon Hanonense names "Beatrix" as daughter of "Henri…quens de Durbuis" and her husband "Winant le signour de Hufalise"[166], although according to Europäische Stammtafeln[167] the wife of Winand van Gronsfeld Heer van Houffalize was Beatrix de Walcourt, daughter of Thierry de Walcourt & his wife Mathilde de La Roche, who was this Beatrix's sister. Her correct marriage is indicated by the charter dated 1152 under which "Heinricus comes de Rupe" confirmed the donation of "capellam…in silva Fredier" to the abbey of Saint-Hubert, Ardenne, made by "matris mee Mathildis comitesse et Godefridi fratris mei", subscribed by "Elizabeth comitissa conjux mea, Beatrix soror mea et Godefridus filius eius de Brida…"[168]. The primary source which confirms the name of her husband has not yet been identified. m [GERARD] van Breda, son of --- (-before 1152).

E. COMTES de MONTAIGU

The castle of Montaigu was located on the left bank of the river Ourche, opposite Marcourt near Laroche in the county of Ardenne[169]. Its territory lies in the present-day Belgian province of Luxembourg. Although little remains of the ruins of the destroyed castle, a chapel dedicated to Saint Thibaut dominates the mountain on which it was built[170]. The comtes de Montaigu held the seigneurie de Rochefort, south of Namur, arrondissement Dinant in the present-day Belgian province of Namur, which passed by inheritance to the Walcourt family and was elevated into a county in 1494[171].

1. GOZELON [de Montaigu], son of --- (-1064, bur Saint Hubert). The name Gozelon, as well as geographical proximity, suggests a family connection with Gozelon Comte de Bastogne, although Gozelon de Montaigu could not have been the son of the former as the latter is recorded with one daughter as his heiress. Roland suggests that Gozelon de Montaigu was the same person as Gozelon Comte de Huy, listing properties in Hesbaie and Huy which indicate a possible connection[172]. The 1050 charter, quoted below, relating to property “in comitatu Hoiensi”, suggests that Roland is correct. [Roland lists other charters dated 1043 and 1046 which name “comte Gozelon”[173], although it is not known whether they refer to the same Gozelon. Avoué de Liège Saint-Barthélémy: Wazo Bishop of Liège donated property to Liège Saint-Barthélemy by charter dated 1043, confirmed by "...ipsiusque advocati comitis Gozilonis..."[174]. “Comes Lambertus de Lovanio...excommunicatus” donated property to Wazo Bishop of Liège “per manus Gozeloni comitis, qui erat advocatus altaris” [=Saint-Barthélemy], by charter dated 1046, the dating clause recording “...advocato loci Gozelino...”[175].] Comte de Montaigu: “...Lambert comte de Louvain, Giselbert de Loz et Gozelo de Montaigu” witnessed the charter dated 1050 under which Godefroi II Duke of Lower Lotharingia donated property to Maastricht St Servais[176]. The dating clause of a 1050 charter, under which “Engo et...in coniugium Eulalia” donated property “in vico Hunivol , sito in pago Falmanensi, in comitatu Hoiensi” to Waulsort, records “...duce Frederico, comite Gothelone, Theoderico advocato...”, while the dating clause of another charter dated 1 Jan 1070 (O.S.) (which refers to the same property) records “comite Cuonone” [Gozelon’s son, see below][177]. “...Comes Goselo, filii eius Cuono et Rodulphus...” witnessed the charter dated 1055 under which Emperor Heinrich III confirmed the foundation of Longliers priory and its donation to Florennes[178]. "Gosilonis comitis, Chimonis [Cunonis] et Rodulphi filiorum eius" witnessed an undated charter which records a donation to Brogne by "Heluidis"[179]. The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert records the death of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ [“Behogne, nom primitif de Rochefort (Belgique, prov. de Namur, arr. de Dinant)”[180]]" after violently destroying the church at Marloie and his burial at Saint-Hubert[181]. This entry clearly indicates Gozelon Comte de Montaigu, the same source naming his wife and children. m ([1040 or before?]) as her [first/second] husband, ERMENGARDE [Ermentrude], [daughter of HILDRAD [Hezelin] Comte de --- & his [first] wife Hersende ---/[second wife ---] or daughter of --- & his wife Hersende ---] ([1020/25?]-[7 or 10 Mar] [1092/1107], bur [Saint-Feuillien de Fosses]). Roland says that Ermentrude, wife of Gozelon Comte de Montaigu, was “issue de la famille comtale de Grandpré en Champagne”[182]. He cites the 1064 charter under which "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert on condition that she could be buried there with her husband, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino"[183]. Roland suggests that “Sumey” (which he identifies as “le village de Sumey, Cimay ou Chimay qui existait autrefois près de Chauvency-les-Forges, dans le canton actuel de Montmédy, Meuse”) was her property inherited from her own family, hence the consent required from her brothers[184]. Ermengarde’s three brothers are identified as Herman [Hezelin], Renaud and Baudouin, members of the future Grandpré family. The primary source which confirms that she was also the daughter of Comte Hildrad [Hezelin], their father, has not been identified. The charters quoted below show that Ermengarde had extensive property holdings in her own right. It is therefore unlikely that she would have inherited all this property from the Grandpré family, whose succession would have been shared between Hildrad’s sons. One possible solution is that, after Hildrad and his known wife Hersende separated, one of the parties married again and Ermengarde was born from that second marriage, in which case she inherited her properties from the new spouse. In this case, Hildrad’s sons would still have been “fratribus meis” (referring to Ermengarde) in the 1064 charter. Nevertheless, it is emphasised that this suggestion is speculative. A second possibility is, as indicated by Vanderkindere, that “Harenzey” (linked to her name in the 1064 charter) was “Harzé, seigneurie relevant du comté de Montaigu”[185], while Kupper suggests that “Harzé: Belgique, prov. de Liège, arr. de Huy, comm. d’Aywaille” was her dower after Gozelon’s death and not property which she inherited from her own family[186]. [It should be noted that Vanderkindere identifies the wife of Gozelon Comte de Montaigu as Ermengarde [von Zutphen], possible sister of Mathilde von Ehrenbreitstein[187]; he notes the charter dated to before 1047 under which Poppo Archbishop of Trier received rights over "Prumizuelt" from “comitem Kadelonem et eius...contectalem Irmingart”, the latter holding the property “partem hereditatis et proprietatis...per manum sui proprii mariti Kadelonis”[188], and links this document to the 3 Aug 1101 charter under which Emperor Heinrich IV restored "predium…Prümizfelt quidam comes Bruno de Hengebach…tradidit…cum uxore sua Mathilde" [the latter being Mathilde von Ehrenbreitstein][189]. However, Kupper cites other authors who suggest that “comitem Kadelonem” was Chadalhoh Graf im Isengau[190]: although the property donated was outside Chadalhoh’s usual area of activity in Bavaria. It should be noted that Ermengarde [von Zutphen] and her family were linked to the church of Rees, north of Duisburg, between which and Ermengarde, wife of Gozelon de Montaigu, no contact has been found.] Two charters record donations to churches in Liège made by “Ermengarde” (who is thereby shown to have been an heiress of local importance[191]), the first of which records the close involvement of Henri Bishop of Liège [possible son of Baudouin, Ermengarde’s brother] and both of which name members of the Montaigu family: (1) "Ermengardis avorum meorum predecessione ammonita" donated property at "Wereme...in Berlenges et in Jalmin...apud Lon [Looz]...in Rumines...in Curinge..." to churches of Sainte-Marie et Saint-Lambert de Liège, with the agreement of “Heinrico Leodiensium episcopo” who with the donor wished to be buried in the same church (“in...ecclesie in loco...communiter voluerimus requiescere”), by charter dated 5 Feb 1078, witnessed by "Reinerus advocatus, comes Adelbertus, Heinricus, Warnerus, filius eius Heinricus, comes Cono, Rodulphus frater, comes Otto, comes Arnulphus, Godefridus et Arnulphus, Godescalcus de Cennaco...", reserving rights of “comes Theodericus super ea advocaturam”, all confirmed by “comes Heinricus”[192]; and (2) "Ermengardis comitissa…ab avis atque atavis nobilibus" donated property "apud Villas Worommes [Waremmes] et Longum-Campum [Longchamp]…allodium de Rumines [Rummen]…allodium de Curinges [Curenge/Kuringen]…allodium…apud Gelmines [Gelmen] et Berlinges [Berlingen]…allodium de Brede [Brée] cum ecclesia…quos dedit Gerardo comiti" to the church of Saint-Barthélémy de Liège by charter dated 1078, witnessed by "tunc advocatus…comes Henricus de Dolvin-Castello…comes Cono de Monte-Acuto, Reginardus de Roden, Witmannus de Molenarche…"[193]. In return, Bishop Henri accorded property rights to Ermengarde in Vreren and Alken as well as revenue from transport duties levied in Liège[194]. Ermengarde’s extensive donations represent an important stage in the expansion of the temporal power of the church in Liège. “La très noble dame Ermengarde” donated “un moulin et une brasserie situés à Waremme, près du pont” to the altar of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine in the crypt of Liège Sainte-Croix, with the consent of “Henri de Verdun bishop of Liège”, by charter dated 1082[195]. A charter dated [2 Apr 1089] records that “comitissam Ermentrudem...et filius eius comes Cono”, at the request of “Henricus...Leodicensis episcopus sed antea Virdunensis archidaconus”, donated “inter alia quamplura pietatis sue beneficia...allodium...in villa Liuns [Lion-devant-Dun]” to Saint-Airy de Verdun with the consent of “fratribus suis Rodulfo et Widone...ipso domno Henrico episcopo cum comite eiusdem...Henrico de Durboio et Godescalco de Ciniaco”, as well as an exchange of property with Liège Saint-Barthélémy[196]. Gérard Bishop of Cambrai confirmed various donations to Saint-André du Cateau, including the donation of “alodium...S. Gaugerico” made by "Ermengardis de Monte Acuto" for the souls of "sua et conjugum et parentorum suorum", by charter dated 1091[197]. The following two necrology entries may refer to Ermengarde. The necrology of Fosses records the death 7 Mar of “Ermengardis comitissa”[198]. The necrology of Verdun Sainte-Vanne records the death “VI Id Mar” of “Ermengardis comitissa”[199]. Ermengarde’s possible place of burial is indicated as follows. The 5 Feb 1078 charter quoted above states that both Ermengarde and Henri [de Toul] Bishop of Liège wished to be buried in the same place (contradicting her wish expressed in the 1064 charter, although her wishes may have changed in the interval). Bishop Henri chose to be buried at Saint-Feuillien de Fosses: a charter dated 1092 records an arbitral judgment confirmed “allodium...Boignières” (donated by “Henricus piæ memoriæ Leodiensis episcopus” for his burial there and confirmed by “Cononis...comitis et Godescalci de Cennaco, Hugonis...de Daules”) to the church of Fosses, although the document notes that the bishop was in fact buried “partim incuria, partim negligentia...in Hoyensi ecclesia”[200]. Ermengarde’s connection with Fosses is established by the 1102/1112 Miracles de Saint-Feuillien which record that an (unnamed) noble widow, living in the castle built near the monastery of Saint-Feuillien (“matrona quædam haut infimo nata loco tempore viduitatis suæ”), requested a canonical prebend at the church from her relative Henri Bishop of Liège (“Henrico piæ memoriæ episcopo sibi in sanguine proximo”)[201], while an end-11th century list of canons of Saint-Feuillien includes “Ermendrudis”, whom Cyrille Lambot suggested was this unnamed “matrona”[202]. It is not known whether her place of burial was changed after Henri Bishop of Liège was buried elsewhere. A charter dated to [1111-13] recalls the donation of “molendinum...in Woromia” to Liège Sainte-Croix, altar of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine, made by “mulier nobilissima Ermengardis...annuente bone memorie Henrico episcopo”, the claim made after her death by “episcopus Otbertus”, and a hearing before Heinrich V King of Germany in Dec 1107[203]. It will be seen that documents quoted above name “Ermentrude” as well as “Ermengarde”, but common references to members of the Montaigu family and especially to Henri [de Toul] Bishop of Liège suggest that they all relate to the same person. The alternative would involve the separate existence of Ermentrude and Ermengarde, each married to a different “Comte de Montaigu” as shown by the 1064 and 1091 charters respectively. From a chronological point of view, that appears unlikely to be correct: no record has been found of Gozelon having a brother or first cousin who could have married Ermengarde, while Gozelon’s son Conon is already recorded with two wives, and his grandsons (sons of Conon) would have been young for marriage in 1091. Turning to her other marriage, the fact of Ermengarde having married at least twice is confirmed by the 1091 charter cited above (the document refers to her “conjugum”). Vanderkindere suggests that she married firstly Arnaud [Comte de Hesbaie], son of [Comte Otto [Looz] & his wife ---], on the basis that Waremme (one of the properties which she donated in 1078, see above) was a Hesbaie possession and may have been her dower from this earlier supposed marriage[204]. Kupper touches on the possibility of this earlier marriage[205], but presumably it represents only one of many possible explanations for Ermengarde’s property interests: for example, she could have inherited property from an unrecorded ancestor or other relative or, as suggested above, from her father if he was her mother’s second husband. Another possibility for Ermengarde’s other marriage is that she married secondly after the death of Gozelon Comte de Montaigu, but if that is correct no indication has been found of the identity of her second husband. Comte Gozelo & his wife had five children:

a) CONON de Montaigu ([1040/50]-Dalhem 1 May 1106, bur Saint-Hubert). The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert names "Conone, Rodulfo, Widone et Henrico" as the sons of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ" & his wife[206]. Comte de Montaigu.

- see below.

b) RAOUL de Montaigu (-after [2 Apr 1089]). The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert names "Conone, Rodulfo, Widone et Henrico" as the sons of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ" & his wife[207]. “...Comes Goselo, filii eius Cuono et Rodulphus...” witnessed the charter dated 1055 under which Emperor Heinrich III confirmed the foundation of Longliers priory and its donation to Florennes[208]. "Gosilonis comitis, Chimonis [Cunonis] et Rodulphi filiorum eius" witnessed an undated charter which records a donation to Brogne by "Heluidis"[209]. "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[210]. A charter dated [2 Apr 1089] records that “comitissam Ermentrudem...et filius eius comes Cono”, at the request of “Henricus...Leodicensis episcopus”, donated “allodium...in villa Liuns [Lion-devant-Dun]” to Saint-Airy de Verdun with the consent of “fratribus suis Rodulfo et Widone...ipso domno Henrico episcopo cum comite eiusdem...Henrico de Durboio et Godescalco de Ciniaco”[211].

c) GUY de Montaigu (-after [2 Apr 1089]). The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert names "Conone, Rodulfo, Widone et Henrico" as the sons of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ" & his wife[212]. "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[213]. A charter dated [2 Apr 1089] records that “comitissam Ermentrudem...et filius eius comes Cono”, at the request of “Henricus...Leodicensis episcopus”, donated “allodium...in villa Liuns [Lion-devant-Dun]” to Saint-Airy de Verdun with the consent of “fratribus suis Rodulfo et Widone...ipso domno Henrico episcopo cum comite eiusdem...Henrico de Durboio et Godescalco de Ciniaco”[214].

d) JEAN de Montaigu (-before 1112). "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[215]. Provost of St Pierre.

e) HENRI de Montaigu (-1124 or after). The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert names "Conone, Rodulfo, Widone et Henrico" as the sons of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ" & his wife[216]. "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[217]. Archdeacon and dechant at St Lambert, Liège 1095.

CONON de Montaigu, son of GOZELO Comte de Montaigu & his wife Ermengarde [de Clermont] ([1055/58?]-Dalhem 1 May 1106, bur Saint-Hubert). The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert names "Conone, Rodulfo, Widone et Henrico" as the sons of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ" & his wife[218]. "Gosilonis comitis, Chimonis [Cunonis] et Rodulphi filiorum eius" witnessed an undated charter which records a donation to Brogne by "Heluidis"[219]. “...Comes Goselo, filii eius Cuono et Rodulphus...” witnessed the charter dated 1055 under which Emperor Heinrich III confirmed the foundation of Longliers priory and its donation to Florennes[220]. Comte de Montaigu. "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[221]. "Ermengardis comitissa…ab avis atque atavis nobilibus" donated property "apud Villas Worommes et Longum-Campum [Woromes, Longchamp] …allodium de Rumines [Rummen]…allodium de Curinges [Curenge]…allodium…apud Gelmines et Berlinges…allodium de Brede [Brée] cum ecclesia…quos dedit Gerardo comiti" to the church of Saint-Bartholomée de Liège by charter dated 1078, witnessed by "tunc advocatus…comes Henricus de Dolvin-Castello…comes Cono de Monte-Acuto, Reginardus de Roden, Witmannus de Molenarche…"[222]. A charter dated [2 Apr 1089] records that “comitissam Ermentrudem...et filius eius comes Cono”, at the request of “Henricus...Leodicensis episcopus”, donated “allodium...in villa Liuns [Lion-devant-Dun]” to Saint-Airy de Verdun with the consent of “fratribus suis Rodulfo et Widone...ipso domno Henrico episcopo cum comite eiusdem...Henrico de Durboio et Godescalco de Ciniaco”[223]. "…Cuono comes et filii eius…" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Henri de Verdun Bishop of Liège approved the foundation of Flône[224]. “Comites Cono, Arnuldus de Loz, Reinerus, advocatus...” subscribed the charter dated to [25 Dec 1094/23 Sep 1095] under which Otobert Bishop of Liège donated “allodium de Hildenesen in Taxandria...et unum mansum in Herlechen” to the chapter of the Holy Cross, Liège[225]. Albert of Aix records that "Cononem comitem de Monte Acuto, Baldwinum de Burch, Godefridum de Ascha" were sent by Godefroi de Bouillon for the first meeting with the emperor after the arrival of the crusading army in Constantinople, dated to end 1096[226]. Albert of Aix names "…Gozelo et frater eius Lamtbertus…cum patre suo Conone de Monte Acuto…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[227]. Seigneur de Rochefort. Avoué de Dinant. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1106 of "comes Cono de Monteacute" and his burial at Saint Hubert, specifying that he returned prosperous from overseas[228], presumably indicating his participation in the First Crusade. The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert records the death "Kal Mai apud castrum Dolhem" of "comes Cono" and his burial "Dinanum"[229].

m firstly IDA, daughter of LAMBERT [de Fouron] & his wife ---. The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert, interpolated in the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, names "Ida filia senioris Lamberti" as wife of "comes Cono de Monteacute"[230]. Roland says that “nous croyons découvrir le beau-père du comte Conon dans Lambert de Foron ou Fouron”[231]. One of the puzzles relating to the Clermont family is the later inheritance of the county by Ida’s son Lambert Comte de Montaigu, Vannérus suggesting that, because Lambert is recorded as count before the death of his father, he acquired the county from his wife or inherited it from his mother. He suggests that inheritance from his mother is more likely and proposes that the wife of Lambert [de Fouron] belonged to the Clermont family and that the county passed direct to Lambert de Montaigu after the death of Giselbert Comte de Clermont[232].

m secondly ([after 1080]) as her second husband, IDA [de Boulogne], widow of HERMANN [von Malsen], daughter of [EUSTACHE [II] Comte de Boulogne & his wife Ida of Lotharingia]. Europäische Stammtafeln[233] shows Ida, wife [firstly] of Hermann [von Malsen] and [secondly of Conon de Montaigu], as a possible daughter of Comte Eustache II & his wife Ida. The only partial corroboration for this so far found is Orderic Vitalis who says that "Cono comes Alemannus" married "Duke Godfrey's sister"[234]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.

Comte Conon & his [first/second] wife had four children:

1. GOZELO [II] de Montaigu ([1075/80]-Artesia [end 1097], bur Artesia). The chronology of the Montaigu family suggests that Conon’s sons were young adults when they accompanied their father on the First Crusade. Henri Bishop of Liège consecrated the altar of Notre-Dame at Dinant by charter dated 1086, witnessed by “comes Cono, filii eius Gozelo, Lambertus, Theobaldus...”[235]. Albert of Aix names "…Gozelo et frater eius Lamtbertus…cum patre suo Conone de Monte Acuto…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[236]. Albert of Aix records that Robert Count of Flanders left with "Rotgero de Roseit, Gozelone filio comitis Cononis de Monte Acuto" and 1000 knights to attack Artasia, dated to late 1097 from the context, but that Gozelo died of disease and was buried there[237]. William of Tyre records the death during the early stages of the First Crusade of "Goscelo domini Cononis comitis de Monte Acuto filius"[238].

2. LAMBERT de Montaigu ([1077/83?]-1140 or after). The chronology of the Montaigu family suggests that Conon’s sons were young adults when they accompanied their father on the First Crusade. Henri Bishop of Liège consecrated the altar of Notre-Dame at Dinant by charter dated 1086, witnessed by “comes Cono, filii eius Gozelo, Lambertus, Theobaldus...”[239]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Lambertus comes de Claromonte" as son of "Cono comes de Monteacute"[240]. William of Tyre records the presence at the capture of Acre in 1098 of "Lambertus filius Cononis de Monte Acuto"[241]. Albert of Aix names "…Gozelo et frater eius Lamtbertus…cum patre suo Conone de Monte Acuto…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[242]. Albert of Aix records that "comes de Oringis Reinboldus, Ludowicus de Monzuns, Lambertus filius Cononis de Monte Acuto" commanded one of the corps of men at the capture of Antioch in Jun 1098[243]. Comte de Montaigu. Comte de Clermont: "Comes de Claromonte Lambertus" granted the right to take wood from his forests in "predicti castelli" to the monks of Flône by charter dated 1136, witnessed by "comes Arnulfus de Los, comes Gislebertus de Duras, Walterus advocatus de Barz…"[244]. Seigneur de Rochefort. Avoué de Dinant. Avoué de Saint-Symphorien-aux-Bois: Adalbero Bishop of Liège confirmed a donation to Saint-Symphorien made by “Guilelmus de Ceunaco et...”, through “Lambertus comes Montisacuti advocatus eiusdem loci”, by charter dated 1141[245]. m ---. No primary source has yet been identified which gives any precise information relating to Lambert´s wife or her ancestry. Two possibilities are recorded in Europäische Stammtafeln: According to one table[246], she was Gertrud de Louvain, daughter of Henri [III] Comte de Louvain & his wife Gertrude de Flandre. According to another table in the same series[247], she may have been --- [de Clermont, daughter of Giselbert Comte de Clermont & his wife ---]. Presumably the latter speculation is based on the charter under which Lambert Comte de Montaigu donated wood at Clermont to Flône. However, as discussed elsewhere in the present document, the connection between Comte Lambert and Clermont is best explained by his paternal grandmother having belonged to the family of the comtes de Clermont. Comte Lambert & his wife had three children:

a) CONON de Montaigu (-after 1140). A charter dated 1140, under which the bishop of Liège confirmed possessions of Flône abbey, includes a reference to the donation of wood by "comes Gislebertus de Ais, itemque comes Lambertus de Montau" and that this donation was confirmed by "Reinardus et Cono, filii eorum"[248].

b) GODEFROI de Montaigu (-1161). His parentage is confirmed by reading together the documents under which he and his father granted rights in Clermont woods to Flône abbey. Comte de Montaigu et de Clermont. Comte de Duras. "Godefridus de Claromonte comes de Duras" confirmed the grant of rights "in silva sua de Claro Monte" by "patris sui" to the monks of Flône, with the consent of "participe suo Reinardo", by charter dated 1157, followed by another charter dated 1157 under which Henri Bishop of Liège confirmed the grant by "Godefridus comes de Durays et Renardus de Harmala"[249]. Seigneur de Rochefort. Burger and avoué of Dinant. m [as her first husband,] JULIANE de Duras, daughter of OTTO [II] Comte de Duras & his wife Berthe de Ribemont (-1164). Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “possessionis sue Aleym” made to Saint-Trond by “comes Otto Duracheinsis”, with the consent of “fratrum suorum Theoderici et Brunonis et nepotum suorum Alexandri prepositi et Arnulfi”, by charter dated 1146, which adds that the donor had bequeathed “advocatiam” and soon after that “gener eius Godefridus comes et filia Julia” donated property to the abbey[250]. Heiress of Duras. Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “decimam...de Molembisul” made by “Erlendis quondam Geldoniensis comitissa viro suo defuncto” to Heylissem abbey, which was confirmed by “Juliane comitisse uxoris Godefridi comitis” with the consent of “filiis et filiabus suis Egidio, Petro, Conone, Gerberga et Claritia” for the soul of “viri sui comitis Godefridi”, by charter dated 1164, before 12 May[251]. “Rodulphus...ecclesie beati Lamberti...in Leodio custos” notified that “domina Juliana de Duraz bone memorie comitissa et filius eius Egidius” donated “dimidium mansum allodii sui in Geldonge” to Heylissem abbey by charter dated 1164, before Nov[252]. [Europäische Stammtafeln indicates that Juliane married secondly Enguerrand d'Orbais[253]. This second marriage may be hinted at by the charter dated 1171 under which “Godefridus...dux Lotharingie et comes Bracbantie” donated “ecclesie...in Pervweiz” to Heylissem abbey, specifying that “comes de Duraz...a quo Engelrandus de Orbais...infiodatus est” was “inbeneficatus a nobis” and that “Godefridum de Sumbreffia” also donated “dimidia parte huius beneficii”[254]. This document does indicate some Duras/Orbais family connection but its wording is insufficiently precise to conclude that this supposed second marriage took place. In addition, the chronology of the Duras and Orbais families is not favourable for such a marriage. Another charter confirms that the Brabant, Duras and Orbais families were joint donors of the church of Perwez, although the basis of their joint interest has not been ascertained: Bruno Archdeacon of Liège confirmed the donation of “ecclesie...in Peruuueis” to Heylissem abbey made by “quatuor viri nobiles quorum fundus fuit ecclesie...dux Godefridus, comes Egidius, Eigelramus, Godefridus” by charter dated 1171[255].] Comte Godefroi & his wife had five children:

i) GILLES de Montaigu (-before 1193). Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “decimam...de Molembisul” made by “Erlendis quondam Geldoniensis comitissa viro suo defuncto” to Heylissem abbey, which was confirmed by “Juliane comitisse uxoris Godefridi comitis” with the consent of “filiis et filiabus suis Egidio, Petro, Conone, Gerberga et Claritia” for the soul of “viri sui comitis Godefridi”, by charter dated 1164, before 12 May[256]. “Rodulphus...ecclesie beati Lamberti...in Leodio custos” notified that “domina Juliana de Duraz bone memorie comitissa et filius eius Egidius” donated “dimidium mansum allodii sui in Geldonge” to Heylissem abbey by charter dated 1164, before Nov[257]. "Cono…comes de Duras" renounced rights to revenue from properties of Flône abbey at Hottine, on the intervention of "domino Egidio fratre meo", by charter dated 1187, witnessed by "Petrus frater comitis, Henricus de Harmala…"[258]. Comte de Montaigu, Comte de Duras, Comte de Clermont. Bruno Archdeacon of Liège confirmed the donation of “ecclesie...in Peruuueis” to Heylissem abbey made by “quatuor viri nobiles quorum fundus fuit ecclesie...dux Godefridus, comes Egidius, Eigelramus, Godefridus” by charter dated 1171[259]. "Gilius quondam comes Durachiensis" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers, naming "Petrus frater meus comes de Monteacuto et Cono frater meus comes Durachiensis…et avunculus noster domnus Bruno archidiaconus", by charter dated 1175[260]. “Egidius comes Geldoniensis” relinquished claims to “decimam...in parrochia Geldoniensi” donated by “Erlendis olim Geldoniensis comitissa” and confirmed by “Juliane comitisse matris mee” in favour of Heylissem abbey by charter dated to [1179][261]. Seigneur de Rochefort et de Jodoigne. Avoué de Saint-Trond. m (1172, divorced 1174) as her first husband, LAURETTE de Looz, daughter of LOUIS Comte de Looz et de Rieneck, Stadtgraf von Mainz & his wife Agnes von Metz (-before 1184). The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. She married secondly ([1176]) as his first wife, Thibaut de Bar Seigneur de Briey, Steinay et de Longwy, who in 1190 succeeded as Thibaut I Comte de Bar.

ii) PIERRE de Montaigu (-1185 or after). Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “decimam...de Molembisul” made by “Erlendis quondam Geldoniensis comitissa viro suo defuncto” to Heylissem abbey, which was confirmed by “Juliane comitisse uxoris Godefridi comitis” with the consent of “filiis et filiabus suis Egidio, Petro, Conone, Gerberga et Claritia” for the soul of “viri sui comitis Godefridi”, by charter dated 1164, before 12 May[262]. Canon at Saint-Lambert, Liège 1173. Comte de Montaigu 1175. "Gilius quondam comes Durachiensis" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers, naming "Petrus frater meus comes de Monteacuto et Cono frater meus comes Durachiensis…et avunculus noster domnus Bruno archidiaconus", by charter dated 1175[263]. "Cono…comes de Duras" renounced rights to revenue from properties of Flône abbey at Hottine, on the intervention of "domino Egidio fratre meo", by charter dated 1187, witnessed by "Petrus frater comitis, Henricus de Harmala…"[264].

iii) CONON de Montaigu (-1189 or after). Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “decimam...de Molembisul” made by “Erlendis quondam Geldoniensis comitissa viro suo defuncto” to Heylissem abbey, which was confirmed by “Juliane comitisse uxoris Godefridi comitis” with the consent of “filiis et filiabus suis Egidio, Petro, Conone, Gerberga et Claritia” for the soul of “viri sui comitis Godefridi”, by charter dated 1164, before 12 May[265]. Comte de Duras. "Gilius quondam comes Durachiensis" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers, naming "Petrus frater meus comes de Monteacuto et Cono frater meus comes Durachiensis…et avunculus noster domnus Bruno archidiaconus", by charter dated 1175[266]. "Cono comes Monti Acuti et Duraz" granted his rights in the church of Saint-Martin at Hermalle to the monks of Flône by charter dated 1182, witnessed by "Henricus de Harmala…"[267]. "Cono…comes de Duras" renounced rights to revenue from properties of Flône abbey at Hottine, on the intervention of "domino Egidio fratre meo", by charter dated 1187, witnessed by "Petrus frater comitis, Henricus de Harmala…"[268].

iv) GERBERGE de Montaigu (-after 29 Jun 1206). Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “decimam...de Molembisul” made by “Erlendis quondam Geldoniensis comitissa viro suo defuncto” to Heylissem abbey, which was confirmed by “Juliane comitisse uxoris Godefridi comitis” with the consent of “filiis et filiabus suis Egidio, Petro, Conone, Gerberga et Claritia” for the soul of “viri sui comitis Godefridi”, by charter dated 1164, before 12 May[269]. “Wirricus dominus de Walcourt” donated “molendinum de Goustal” to Justémont, with the consent of “conjugis meæ Gerbergæ...et filiorum meorum Wirrici, Ægidii, Theodorici et Jacobi et cæterorum”, by charter dated 29 Jun 1206[270]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified, although it is suggested by the documents in which her husband is called comte de Montaigu et de Clermont. Thierry d’Orjo suggests that the couple was married before [1170][271]. m ([1264/70]) WERY [II] de Walcourt, son of THIERRY [I] Seigneur de Walcourt & his wife Mathilde de la Roche (-[29 Jun 1206/1211]). He inherited the counties of Montaigu and Clermont, the Seigneurie de Rochefort and the avouerie of Dinant from his wife’s family, while Gerard Comte de Looz inherited the county of Duras and the avouerie of Saint-Trond [Sint-Truijden][272].

v) CLARICE de Montaigu . Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “decimam...de Molembisul” made by “Erlendis quondam Geldoniensis comitissa viro suo defuncto” to Heylissem abbey, which was confirmed by “Juliane comitisse uxoris Godefridi comitis” with the consent of “filiis et filiabus suis Egidio, Petro, Conone, Gerberga et Claritia” for the soul of “viri sui comitis Godefridi”, by charter dated 1164, before 12 May[273]. [Thierry d’Orjo suggests that the following charter indicates that Clarice may have married Raso van Gavre, on the basis that Jodoigne was the property of Clarice de Montaigu’s mother Juliane de Duras[274]: “Dominus Raso de Gavera et Clarissia eius uxor et eorum filii Raso junior, Arnulfus et Philippus” transferred their rights “in allodio Geldonie” [Jodoigne] to Henri I Duke of Brabant by charter dated 1208[275]. If that is correct, her husband was Raso [VI] van Gavre, son of Raso [V] van Gavre & his wife Mathilde (-after 1212). .

c) GERTRUDE de Montaigu (-after 10 Sep 1185). The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis records that "Evrardum", son of Richildis de Hainaut, married "filiam Lamberti Leodiensis comitis Gertrudem nomine, de qua Balduinum filium genuit"[276]. According to the Chronicon Hanoniense, "Evrardum cognomina Radonem" married "matrem Cononis et Iohannis et Radulphi" during the lifetime of his first wife[277]. “Euvrardus cognomento Raduls...princeps Tornacensis” declared himself avoué of all the possessions of Tournai Saint-Martin and listed past donations, including a donation approved by “pater meus Evrardus secundus nepos primi Evrardi”, by charter dated 1166, subscribed by “Euvrardi Radul domini de Tornaco, uxoris eius domine Gertrudis, Balduini pueri...”[278]. “Everardus cognomento Radols dominus de Mauritania” confirmed donations to the abbey du Château, with the consent of “uxore mea Gertrude et filio meo Balduino”, by charter dated 1180[279]. “Gertrudis Brugensis castellan et filius eius Joannes castellanus” donated property to Bruges, at the request of “mariti sui piæ recordationis Radulfi”, with the consent of [her daughter-in-law] “Elisabeth...Brugensis castellana”, by charter dated 10 Sep 1185[280]. m firstly RAOUL de Nesle Châtelain de Bruges, son of RAOUL [I] Seigneur de Nesle & his wife Rainurde --- (-[1153/60]). m secondly as his second wife, EVERARD [III] Radoul Châtelain de Tournai, son of EVERARD [II] Radoul Châtelain de Tournai & his wife Richilde de Hainaut (-[1189/30 Apr 1190]).

3. THIBAUT de Montaigu ([1079/85?]-after 1086). Henri Bishop of Liège consecrated the altar of Notre-Dame at Dinant by charter dated 1086, witnessed by “comes Cono, filii eius Gozelo, Lambertus, Theobaldus...”[281].

4. HENRI de Montaigu ([after 1086?]-1128 or after). Henri’s absence from the 1086 charter, quoted above, which names his three brothers suggests that he was born after that date. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Heynricus…filius Cononis comitis" as "archydiaconus ecclesiæ sancti Lamberti"[282]. Archdeacon of Liège, provost at Fosses 1111/1128.

Chapter 3. GRAFEN von BONN

Vanderkindere suggests that the county of Bonn was one of the five counties in Germany west of the river Rhine, the five counties "in Ribuarias comitatus quinque" referred to, but not named, in the 870 treaty, the other counties being Jülich, Zülpich, Eifel, and Köln[283].

[Three brothers. Parents not identified. They are shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[284] as the sons of Ehrenfried [I] Graf von Bliesgau & his wife Adelgunde ---. The primary source which confirms this suggestion has not been identified. Considering the geographical distance between Bliesgau and Charpeigne (in the central part of the duchy of Upper Lotharingia) and Keldachgau and Bonngau (in Lower Lotharingia), there must be some doubt about whether it is correct.]

1. EBERHARD [I] (-after 937). Graf im Keldachgau (in Franconia) 904. Graf von Bonn 913. Flodoard records that Heinrich I King of Germany sent "Ebrardus quidam Transrhenensis" to "regnum Lotharii" to re-establish peace[285], although it is not certain to which Eberhard this refers. "Alfuuinus ac…coniux mea Ada" donated property "…in Kuningessundere in comitatu Euerhardi comitis in villa Birgidesstal…" to the Ursulastift in Köln by charter dated 12 Mar 927, signed by "…Euerhardi comitis, Adalhardi comitis…"[286]. "Gysalbertus dux rectorque S. Traiectenses ecclesie" donated property "Gulisam…in pago [Ardunensi] in comitatu Everhardi" to Trier by charter dated 928, subscribed by "Walgeri comitis, Thiedrici comitis, Cristiani comitis, Folcoldi comitis"[287]. m ---. The name of the wife of Graf Eberhard is not known. Graf Eberhard & his wife had [three] children:

a) [HERMANN [I] . Hermann is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[288] as the son of Eberhard & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf im Auelgau (in Franconia) 922/48. "Otto…rex" ordered that the men of "pago Auga in comitatu Rethardi et in pago Netga in comitatu Dendi et Hamponis et in pago Huctigo in comitatu Herimanni" not to interfere with rights of Kloster Corvey, by charter dated 19 Apr 940[289]. Wichfrid Archbsihop of Köln confirmed the church "in villa…Pleisa in pago Aualgauense sub comitatu Herimanni comitis" by charter dated 948[290]. "Arnulfum…eiusque coniugem…Alvradam" donated property "in comitatu Herimanni in pago…Bunnoniensi" to Prüm by charter dated to [948][291]. m ---. The name of Hermann's wife is not known. Hermann [I] & his wife had two children:

i) [EBERHARD [II] (-10 May 966). Eberhard is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[292] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf im Auelgau (in Franconia) 966: "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen in exchange for property "in pago Liuhgouui in comitatu Richarii…in pago Auvlgowi in comitatu Eberhardi, Limberge…" by charter dated 17 Jan 966[293].

ii) [GOTTFRIED (-after 2 Jan 970). Gottfried is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[294] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bruno Archbsihop of Köln donated property "in pago Gelegoui in comitatu Gotfridi comitis in villa nel marcka Stumbele" to Köln St Cecilia by charter dated 25 Dec 962[295]. Graf im Auelgau (in Franconia). Gero Archbsihop of Köln donated property "in pago Bonnense in comitatu Herimanni comitis in villa vel marca Ingermaresthorp…in pago…Auelgoue in comitatu Godefridi comitis in villa vel marca Roonthorp" to Kloster Gerresheim by charter dated 2 Jan 970[296].

b) [EHRENFRIED [II] (-before 970). Ehrenfried is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[297] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Zülpich: a charter dated 24 Jan 942 refers to property "in pago Tulpiacense in comitatu Erinfridi comitis in villa vel marka…Merlesheim"[298]. Graf von Bonn: Wicfried Archbishop of Köln donated property “in pago Juliacense in comitatu Godefridi comitis in castello…Julicha…in pago…Bunnensi in comitatu Eremfridi comitis…in villa Brunheim…in comitatu…Udonis comitis in villa Reinsa” to the Ursulastift by charter dated 2 Aug 945, signed by “fratris eius Godefridi comitis…”[299]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947, signed by "Heinrici fratris regis, Herimanni ducis, Cuonradi comitis, Erenfridi comitis, Gebehardi comitis, Ekkihardi comitis, Hugonis comitis"[300]. Graf von Hattuaria: "Otto…rex" confirmed the privileges of Kloster Gandersheim including property "villa Mundulinhgeim in pago Hatteri in comitatu Erenfridi" by charter dated 4 May 947[301]. Graf von Tubalgo: "Otto…rex" confirmed the rights of Kloster Echternach in property "in villam…Rinera in pago Tubalgouue in comitatu Irinuridi comitis" by charter dated 4 Aug 947[302]. Graf im Ruhr-Keldachgau (in Franconia): a charter dated 950 refers to "locum in comitatu Eremfridi comitis Huppolderroth dictum" (Hubbeliath, east of Düsseldorf in the Keldachgau)[303]. m RICHWARA, daughter of --- (-before 10 Jun 963). "Herimannis…comes" donated property "in…villæ…Eilba in Maginensi pago" to Münster St Martin for the soul of "nostræ matris Rihuuare" by charter dated 10 Jun 963[304]. Graf Ehrenfried & his wife had two children:

i) HERMANN "Pusillus" (-16 Jul 996). "Herimannis…comes" donated property "in…villæ…Eilba in Maginensi pago" to Münster St Martin for the soul of "nostræ matris Rihuuare" by charter dated 10 Jun 963[305]. The primary source which names his father has not yet been identified. Graf im Bonngau: Gero Archbishop of Köln donated property "in pago Bonnense in comitatu Herimanni comitis in villa vel marca Ingermaresthorp…in pago…Auelgoue in comitatu Godefridi comitis in villa vel marca Roonthorp" to Kloster Gerresheim by charter dated 2 Jan 970[306]. Graf im Eifelgau: "Uuicfredus sancta Treuerice sedis archidiaconus" donated property "in pago Aiflense in comitatu Herimanni" to the abbey of St Maximin by charter dated 975[307]. Graf in Gerresheim: Emperor Otto II renewed toll exemptions "in comitatu...Herimanni comitis...in Gerrichesheim" in favour of Kloster Gerresheim by charter dated 12 Apr 976[308]. Graf von Zülpich 981. Pfalzgraf of Lower Lotharingia [985]/989. Graf im Auelgau (in Franconia) 996.

- PFALZGRAFEN of LOTHARINGIA.

ii) [EHRENFRIED (-after 999). Ehrenfried is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[309] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Abbot of Gorze. Abbot of St Truiden 994/999.

c) [EBERHARD (-[3 Sep] before 964). Eberhard is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[310] as the possible son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graaf van Drenthe en Salland.] - GRAAFEN van TEISTERBANT.

2. [HERMANN (-11 Apr 925). Hermann is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[311] as the son of Ehrenfried and his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Archbishop of Köln 890. Regino records the death in 890 of “Williberto episcopo” and the appointment of “Herimannus” as archbishop of Köln[312]. Chancellor of Zwentibold King of Lotharingia.]

3. [EHRENFRIED . Ehrenfried is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[313] as the son of Ehrenfried and his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 903/07. Chaplain at court and Chancellor.]

1. SICCO, son of --- (-after 1076). Graf in Bonn: "Bezecha" a nun at Köln St Ursula donated property "in pago Bonnensi in comitatu Sikkonis in villa Walathorp" to her convent by charter dated 1047, signed by "Heinrici palatini comitis, Thederici comitis, Kristiani comitis, Gerhardi comitis…"[314]. Graf in Zülpich: Anno Archbishop of Köln founded Siegburg abbey and confirmed its properties, including “decimationem...in Zulpiaco...in beneficio...Sicconis comitis”, by charter dated to [1064][315].

1. KONRAD (-after 2 May 1131). Graf von Bonn. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln donated Kloster Rolandswerth on an island in the river Rhine to Kloster Siegburg by charter dated 1 Aug 1126 witnessed by "Tiedericus comes de Are, Adolfus comes de Berge, Adolfus comes de Safenberg, Arnoldus comes de Cleue, Cunradus comes de Bunna, Gerardus comes de Iuleche et filius eius Gerardus, Gerardus comes de Hostade…"[316]. Bruno [II] Archbishop of Köln settled the dispute between Bonn St Cassius and Kloster Siegburg concerning the churches of Hennes and Ober-Pleis by charter dated 1132 witnessed by "Alverada de Cuck cum suis liberis" by charter dated 2 May 1131 witnessed by "…Adolfus comes de Monte, Adolfus comes de Saffenberg, Lutherus comes de Are, Gerhardus comes de Iuliaco, Gerhardus de Hostade, Gozwinus comes de Ualkenburg, Cunradus comes de Bunne, Gerhardus de Mulenarke, Gerlach et fratres eius Adelgerus et Theodericus de Gladebach, Herimannus de Rudenberg…"[317].

2. GERHARD (-after 1145). Graf von Bonn. Arnold [I] Archbishop of Köln donated property to Kloster Brauweiler by charter dated 1140 witnessed by "Sigfridus comes, Adolfus comes de Monte, Adolfus comes de Saphenberge, Gerardus comes de Bothna, Gozuinus de Falkenburch, Udo de Bruecha"[318]. Arnold [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the donation of property at Eitorf made by "Gerhardus…Bunnensis comes" to Kloster Siegburg, where he had passed his adolescence, by charter dated 1145 witnessed by "…Tiedericus burgicomes de Hostade, Tiedericus de Heiden, Ludolfus et Gerunc fratres eius, Herimannus comes de Colonia"[319].

3. ADALBERT (-after 1149). Graf von Bonn. Konrad III King of Germany confirmed rights of Bonn St. Cassius by charter dated 1145, witnessed by "...Albertus comes Bunnensis...”[320]. Arnold Archbishop of Köln confirmed property of Bonn St. Cassius by charter dated 1149, witnessed by "Adelbertus comes de Bunna...”[321].

Chapter 4. COUNTY of CONDROZ

The county of Condroz was the successor of the pagus Condrustensis. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum …Condrust…" to King Charles[322]. No record has been found in the primary sources of any comtes de Condroz. As noted below, the counties of Clermont and Huy emerged in the territory of the county of Condroz.

A. COMTES de CLERMONT

The castle of Clermont was situated on the right bank of the river Meuse in the county of Condroz, near Liège. It emerged as the base of a county in the late 11th century[323].

1. WIDRICH [I] (-[before 1062]). [Comte] [de Clermont]. "Widricus" names "patris mei…Widrici in castello Clarimontis" by charter dated 1062[324]. m ---. The name of Widrich's wife is not known. Widrich [I] & his wife had [two] children:

a) WIDRICH [II] (-after 1062). “Widricus” donated “allodium...Cipeletum...” to Hastière after the death of “patris mei...Widrici in castello Clari Montis” by charter dated 1062[325]. m ---. The name of Widrich's wife is not known. Widrich [II] & his wife had [two] children:

i) [GISELBERT (-after 1091). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified, but the common references to Clermont, as well as the favourable chronology, suggests that Giselbert and his brother were sons of Widrich [II]. Comte de Clermont. In a charter dated 1083, “Godescalcus...decanus” [of Liège Saint-Paul] complained of damage inflicted “in allodio suo...Nandranth [Nandrin]” by “comes Gislebertus castelli Clarimontis ac eius particeps Fredelo [Esch?]”[326]. "Gislebertus comes Clarimontis et frater meus Herimannus atque uxor mea Leugardis" donated half of the church of Saint-Symphorien [Saint-Séverin] to Cluny, recording that “amitæ meæ Ermingardi comitissæ et filiis eius” later donated their part of the property “coram...piæ memoriæ Henrico episcopo” [Henri [de Toul] Bishop of Liège], by charter dated 1091[327]. m LIUTGARD, daughter of --- (-after 1091). "Gislebertus comes Clarimontis et frater meus Herimannus atque uxor mea Leugardis" donated the church of Saint-Symphorien to Cluny, retaining the avouerie themselves (“advocationem tantum retinentes in manu nostra”), by charter dated 1091 “...episcopo...Heinrico Leodicensi æcclesiæ presidente”, later confirmed “coram...piæ memoriæ Henrico episcopo” [so before 31 May 1091] by “amitæ meæ Ermingardi comitissæ et filiis eius” relating to their part which “in predicta æcclesia paterno jure possidebant”[328].]

ii) [HERMANN (-after 1091). "Gislebertus comes Clarimontis et frater meus Herimannus atque uxor mea Leugardis" donated the church of Saint-Symphorien to Cluny by charter dated 1091[329].]

b) [ERMENGARDE (-after 1091). "Gislebertus comes de Aska" names "patris sui Fredelonis et matris suæ Ermengardis..." in his charter dated 1131, after 18 Mar, quoted below[330]. Her marriage date is suggested by her son Heinrich being recorded with sons in his 1 Jun 1086 charter. This date confirms the impossibility that Ermengarde, wife of Fredelon von Esch, was the same person as Ermengarde, wife of Gozelon Comte de Montaigu, a possibility which had been suggested in an earlier version of the present document. The family origin of Fredelon’s wife is suggested by the charter dated 1138 under which "Reinardus comitis de Ascha Gisleberti filius" renewed the right of the monks of Flône to take wood from his part of the forests "Clerimontis", granted previously by "pater eius et comes Lambertus"[331]. "Comes Lambertus" in this document is identified as Lambert Comte de Montaigu. The father of "Reinardus comitis de Ascha Gisleberti filius" can be identified as "Gislebertus comes de Aska" who granted the right to take wood from his forests in "sus possessionis de Claromonte" to the monks of Flône, for the souls of "patris sui Fredelonis et matris suæ Ermengardis et uxoris sue Aelaidis et ipsius comitis Gisleberti", by charter dated 1131, after 18 Mar[332]. The link between Ermengarde and the Clermont family is confirmed by the charter dated 1091 under which "Gislebertus comes Clarimontis et frater meus Herimannus atque uxor mea Leugardis" donated half of the church of Saint-Symphorien to Cluny, recording that “amitæ meæ Ermingardi comitissæ et filiis eius” later donated their part of the property “coram...piæ memoriæ Henrico episcopo” [Henri [de Toul] Bishop of Liège], by charter dated 1091[333]. The 1 Jun 1086 charter cited under her sons Heinrich and Gottfried show that their mother was alive when Heinrich made the donation which was confirmed in the document, but the absence of his father suggests that he was deceased at the time. m ([before 1055?]) FREDELON von Esch, son of --- (-27 Aug [1083/85]).]

One of the puzzles relating to the Clermont family is the later inheritance of the county by Lambert Comte de Montaigu, Vannérus suggesting that, because Lambert is recorded as count before the death of his father, he acquired the county from his wife or inherited it from his mother. He suggests that inheritance from his mother is more likely and proposes that the wife of Lambert [de Fouron] (Lambert’s maternal grandfather) belonged to the Clermont family and that the county passed direct to Lambert de Montaigu after the death of Giselbert Comte de Clermont[334].

B. COMTES de HUY

The castle of Huy was located within the county of Condroz, which lay south of the river Meuse and west of the river Ourthe. The county of Huy emerged in part of the territory of the ancient county of Condroz, probably in the early 10th century, and included some localities in the neighbouring county of Hesbaie[335]. The history of the comtes de Huy is confused by two family sub-groups which are named only in the Vita Meingoldi Comitis[336] and an addition to the Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium[337]. The Vita Meingoldi is evidently unreliable as a source and, in any case, appears to confuse "Meingold Comte de Huy" with Megingoz [II] Graf im Wormsgau (see the document FRANCONIA NOBILITY). The information on these alleged families is added here for the sake of completeness, but should be treated with caution. However, the possibility that there is a nugget of historically accurate information contained in these narratives cannot be excluded altogether, particularly because of the suggestion in the Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium that Lietard, alleged son of Meingold, was ancestor of later comtes de Huy[338].

The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that Ansfrid [III] Comte de Huy, Graaf van Teisterbant, who was installed as bishop of Utrecht in 994, was descended from Emperor Charlemagne[339]. This supposed descent has not been traced.

1. [GUILLAUME . Comte de Huy. m as her first husband, GEILA, daughter of ALBERIC & his wife ---. The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records that "dux Albricus…Geilam sororem suam" married "comiti Willelmo" and, after he was killed, "Meingoldo" who inherited "patrimonium uxoris suæ ex comite Willelmo et duce Albrico"[340]. She married secondly (8 Feb ---) Manegold, who thereby acquired the county of Huy. The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium includes an added paragraph introduced by "Et pergit interpolator Hoiensis" which specifies that "comitatus itaque Hoyensis" came from Mangold's wife "Geile…que fuit uxor Guillelmi comitis Hoyensis"[341]. Guillaume & his wife had [one] child:]

a) [LIETARD . The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records that "comiti Willelmo" and "uxor Geila" had "octo annorum…puerum Liethardum" when his father was killed, adding that he was brought up by his stepfather[342]. It should be noted that, according to the Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium, Lietard was the son of Geila by her second husband (see below)[343].]

1. [--- . m ---, sister of ARNULF King of Germany, [daughter of --- & his wife Liutswindis ---] ([840/50]-). The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records the life of "Meingoldus de nobili prosapia Francorum et Anglorum" whose mother was "soror regis Arnulfi"[344]. However, the same source embellishes this by adding that "Hugo rex Anglorum" married "rex Arnulfus…unicam germanam" by whom he had "filium…Meingoldus, filiam…Adheliz…coniugem Oswaldus rex Nordanimbrorum"[345], which adds little to its credibility. --- & his wife had one child:]

a) [MEINGOLD ([865/70]-). The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records the life of "Meingoldus de nobili prosapia Francorum et Anglorum" whose mother was "soror regis Arnulfi"[346]. However, the same source embellishes this by adding that "Hugo rex Anglorum" married "rex Arnulfus…unicam germanam" by whom he had "filium…Meingoldus, filiam…Adheliz…coniugem Oswaldus rex Nordanimbrorum"[347], which adds little to its credibility. Comte de Huy. A marginal addition in the Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium records that "hic temporibus…VI Id Feb…comes Maingolidus" succeeded in "Hoya" [Huy, near Liège], specifying that he was "ex sorore nepos Arnulphi imperatoris" and that Huy came to him from his wife[348]. The dating is expanded by an addition in square brackets ["hic temporibus [scilicet anno Domini 860, anno primo Ludovici secundi] VI Id Feb…"]. The origin of this addition is unclear in the edition. It is especially curious as the chapters of the Gesta on the same page recount events in the early years of the 10th century. The editor appears to think little of the factual accuracy of the statement as he adds in a footnote "hæc omnia prorans fabulosa esse"[349]. The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records that Meingold was killed[350]. m (8 Feb ---) as her second husband, GEILA, widow of GUILLAUME Comte de Huy, daughter of ALBERIC & his wife ---. The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records that "dux Albricus…Geilam sororem suam" married "comiti Willelmo" and, after he was killed, "Meingoldo" who inherited "patrimonium uxoris suæ"[351]. The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium includes an added paragraph introduced by "Et pergit interpolator Hoiensis" which specifies that "comitatus itaque Hoyensis" came from Mangold's wife "Geile…que fuit uxor Guillelmi comitis Hoyensis"[352]. Manegold [I] & his wife had one child:]

i) [LIETARD . The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium, added paragraph introduced by "Et pergit interpolator Hoiensis" referred to above, names "Liethardus" as son of "comes Maingolidus" & his wife, specifying that he succeeded as Comte de Huy and that "Ansfredi comitis" was among their descendants[353]. It should be noted that, according to the Vita Meingoldi Comitis, Lietard was the son of Geila by her first marriage[354].]

[Six] brothers and sisters, parents not known:

1. ROBERT [Rudbrecht] ([910/15]-19 May 956). Thietmar refers to the "paternal uncle [of Count Ansfrid] Robert Archbishop of Trier"[355]. Archbishop of Trier 930. The Annales Sancti Maximini Trevirensis record the ordination in 931 of "Ruodperti episcopi"[356]. The Gesta Treverorum records that "Rubertus archiepiscopus" came from "regno quod Lotharingium vocatur" adding that "soror eius imperatori in matrimonio iuncta fuit"[357]. The Monumenta Germaniæ editor adds a comment that the consecration of "Rotbertum regum Saxonicorum fuisse propinquum" was proposed by "fratres Ballerini" and that he was "nepotem Brunonem archiepiscopum"[358]. The Continuator of Regino records the death in 956 from plague of “Ruodbertus archiepiscopus Treverensis et Hadamarus abbas Fuldensis”[359].

2. [ANSFRID [II] (-after 969). Thietmar refers to the "like-named paternal uncle ("patruo") of Count Ansfrid" who held fifteen countships[360]. "Otto…rex" granted property "Cassallo…in pago Masalant in comitatu Ruodolfi" to "vassallo nostro Ansfrid" at the request of "nostri fidelis Conradis ducis" by charter dated 7 Oct 950[361]. "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in comitatu Ansfridi comitis…curtam Feldrike" to "comite…Uuidergeld" by undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated end-968[362]. A charter of Lorsch dated 969 refers to property "in pago Dehsendron in præfidatu Ansfridi comitis"[363].] [same person as…? EHRENFRIED (-1 Nov ----). Vanderkindere suggests that Ansfrid [II] was the maternal, not paternal, uncle of Ansfrid [III], and that he was the same person as Ehrenfried, son of Ricfrid[364], which would require a loose interpretation of Thietmar who refers to the "like-named paternal uncle ("patruo") of Count Ansfrid" who held fifteen countships[365]. It also assumes that Ehrenfried, son of Ricfried, was the same person as Ehrenfried, count in several different counties, who is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[366] as son of Eberhard Graf im Bonngau and ancestor of the Pfalzgrafen von Lothringen (see the document GERMANY EARLY NOBILITY).] [?m ---, daughter of EMMO [Comte de Liège] & his wife ---. Widukind records that "Immo" offered "unicam filiam" to "Ansfrid" as a means of capturing the latter[367]. The chronology suggests that this may refer to Ansfrid [II], although the wording of this passage suggests that the marriage proposal was a ruse and that the marriage itself never took place.]

3. [LAMBERT (-after [960/75]). According to Miræus, Lambert was the son of "Ragineri I et Alberadæ, frater Ragineri II Longicolli, Hannoniæ comitis", although he cites no primary source which provides the basis for this statement[368]. No primary source has yet been found which confirms the parentage of Lambert. However, the name of his son suggests a family connection with the comtes de Huy, although it is recognised that this could have been through the female line, maybe through Lambert´s wife and the mother of Ansfrid [III]. Comte de Louvain. Advocate of Gembloux abbey. "Otho…Rex Lothariensis et Francigenum" appointed "Lamberto comiti Lovaniensi" to the advocacy of Gembloux by charter dated to 948 (aspects of this document suggest that it may be spurious in some form)[369]. A manuscript Catalogo Abbatum Gemblacensium records that "nobilum virum Lambertum" donated "medietatem ecclesia de Wiettine in pago Masaw" to Gembloux and to "eiusque advocato…Aufrido filio Lamberti", undated[370]. It should be noted that this passage is not included in the manuscript Catalogus Abbatum Gemblacensium which is reproduced in the Monumenta Germanica Scriptores series, presumably from a different source[371]. His date of death is estimated very approximately on the basis that this entry in the Catalogo indicates that Lambert had relinquished the advocacy of Gembloux in favour of his son, who must therefore already have been adult at the time.] m ---. The name and origin of Lambert's wife are not known. Vanderkindere suggests that she was ---, daughter of Ricfried Graaf van Betuwe, for onomastic reasons and considering the origins of the counties which were inherited by Ansfrid [III]. Lambert & his wife had one child:

a) ANSFRID [III] ([945/50]-3 May 1010). A manuscript Catalogo Abbatum Gemblacensium records that "nobilum virum Lambertum" donated "medietatem ecclesia de Wiettine in pago Masaw" to Gembloux and to "eiusque advocato…Aufrido filio Lamberti", undated[372]. Thietmar names Count Ansfrid who "sprung from the high lineage of his ancestors", specifying that he was brought up by Bruno Archbishop of Köln, became sword-bearer of Emperor Otto when the latter entered Rome, and founded the abbey of Thorn[373]. His birth date range is estimated for consistency with this statement, Bruno being archbishop between 953 and 965. The Chronicon Laureshamense describes the church of Empel, near Bois-le-Duc, as "in pago Dehsendron in præsidatu Ansfridi comitis", referring to its foundation by the bishop of Liège dated to 969[374], which confirms that Ansfrid was Comte de Toxandria (in the area of Antwerp). The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium, added paragraph introduced by "Et pergit interpolator Hoiensis" referred to above, names "Ansfredi comitis" as the descendant of "Liethardus", specifying that he was Comte de Huy during the time of "Nothgeri Leodicensis episcopi"[375], the latter being bishop of Liège between 972 and 1007[376]. Graaf van Teisterbant. "Otto…imperator augustus" made donations "in regno Lothariensi…Uelme in pago Haspongouue in comitatu Eremfridi comitis…" to Kloster St Gorgonius at Gorze in accordance with the last wishes of "Cunradus filius Ruodolfi quondam comitis" killed in battle by the Sarracens, by charter dated 26 Sep 982[377]. Vanderkindere suggests that Ehrenfried, named in the 982 charter, was the same person as Ansfrid [III] Comte de Huy[378]. "Otto…rex" gave property "villa Medemelacha…in comitatu Frisie" to "nostro Ansfrido comite" by charter dated 26 Jun 985[379]. "Otto…rex" granted property in "comitatum Hoiensem quod…Ansfridus comes…tenebat" to the bishop of Liège by charter dated 7 Jul 985[380]. Bishop of Utrecht [994/95]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Anffridus" was installed as eighteenth bishop of Utrecht in 994, was "grawe van Tysterbant, van dye Houbenten und herre van Holmina", and was descended from Emperor Charlemagne[381]. The Annales Colonienses specify that "Ansfridus comes laicus suscepto clericatu successit" in 995[382]. Sigebert's Chronica records in 997 that "Ansfridus…comes Bratuspanticus" was tonsured and became bishop of Utrecht[383]. Thietmar records that he became a monk after the death of his wife and was appointed bishop of Utrecht[384]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the election of "Ansfridus, qui pridem de seculari comite clericus attonsus est" as bishop of Utrecht, that he donated his lands "in comitatu Teysterbancie" and that he died "1007 V Non Mai"[385]. Vincentius Bellovacensis names "Anfridus, qui cum fuisset comes Bratuspantium"[386]. The chronicle of Alpertus names "Ansfridi episcopus Traiectenses", his daughter "abbatissa Tornensis monasterii" and "consanguineusque eius…Unruoch comes"[387]. Beke's Egmondscii Necrologium records the death "1008 V Non Mai" of "Anfridus ultimus comes Hoyensis", stating that he gave his county to the church of Liège, and specifying that he was also "comes Teysterbancie"[388]. m HERESWIND [Hilzondis], daughter of --- Graaf van Strijen & his wife --- (bur Thorn). Thietmar names Hereswind as wife of Ansfrid, recording that she fell sick at her estate called Gilze, and died travelling to Thorn where she was buried[389]. "Hilzondis comitissa terræ de Strijen" donated property to Thorn abbey, with the consent of "domini mei Ansfredi", by charter dated 1 Jun 992 which states that she and "filia mea Benedicta" lived at the abbey[390]. Comte Ansfrid [III] & his wife had one child:

i) BENEDICTA . Thietmar records that Ansfrid installed his daughter as abbess of Thorn[391]. The chronicle of Alpertus names "Ansfridi episcopus Traiectenses", his daughter "abbatissa Tornensis monasterii" and "consanguineusque eius…Unruoch comes"[392]. "Hilzondis comitissa terræ de Strijen" donated property to Thorn abbey, with the consent of "domini mei Ansfredi", by charter dated 1 Jun 992 which states that she and "filia mea Benedicta" lived at the abbey[393].

4. daughter . The Gesta Treverorum records that "Rubertus archiepiscopus" came from "regno quod Lotharingium vocatur" adding that "soror eius imperatori in matrimonio iuncta fuit"[394]. As explained further below, it is possible that the husband of this sister of Robert Archbishop of Trier was the same person as the possible sister who married the unnamed son of Eberhard Graaf van Veluwe[395]. The existence of a possible relationship between this family and the Ottonian emperors is confirmed by the Vita Richardi abbatis S Vidoni Virdunensis which names "comes Lietardus, Ottonis imperator consanguineus"[396], although the “comes Lietardus” in question has not positively been identified. m ---, relative of Emperor Otto I, son of ---.

5. [--- . The chronicle of Alpertus names "Ansfridi episcopus Traiectenses", his daughter "abbatissa Tornensis monasterii" and "consanguineusque eius…Unruoch comes"[397]. Unruoch was the grandson of Eberhard Graaf van Veluwe en Salland, which suggests that Unruoch's father may have married a relative of Ansfrid. The precise relationship between Unruoch and Ansfrid has not been traced; it is shown here as through Ansfrid's hypothetical sister only for the purposes of marking the hyperlink. Assuming that this is correct, it is possible that this sister was the same person as the unnamed sister shown above as married to the relative of Emperor Otto I: the emperor´s mother and the wife of Eberhard Graaf van Veluwe were sisters[398]. m [--- [van Teisterbant], son of EBERHARD Graaf van Veluwe en Salland & his wife Amalrada ---.]

6. [daughter . No reference has been found to the name or origin of the wife of Comte Reginar [II]. However, the introduction of the name Liétard was introduced into the Hainaut family after this marriage suggests that she may have been related to the comtes de Huy, in which this name was used regularly. This would also explain why her grandson became comte de Louvain, which formed part of the territories relinquished by Ansfrid [II] Comte de Huy when he was appointed bishop of Utrecht in 995. Dhondt suggests that the wife of Reginar [III] was the sister of Comte Ansfrid [II], whose father was named Lambert (see above), the name given by Reginar [III] to his younger son. In addition to the onomastic arguments, Dhondt comments that the voogdij of Gembloux abbey passed from Ansfrid [II] to Lambert [I] de Hainaut[399], providing an additional argument in favour of this family relationship. However, Dhondt´s suggestion does not explain the introduction of the name Lietard into the Hainaut family. On balance, it appears more likely that such a family connection was through the wife of Reginar [II] rather than the wife of Reginar [III]. If that is correct, maybe the wife of Reginar [II] was the paternal aunt of Ansfrid [II]. m REGINAR [II] Comte de Hainaut, son of REGINAR [I] "Langhals/Longneck" Graf im Maasgau & his wife Alberade --- ([885/900]-932 or after).]

Three individuals with similar names, confused by secondary sources as discussed below.

1. GOZELON (-after 19 Apr 1028, maybe after 1050). Comte de Huy. Emperor Konrad II confirmed property of Liège Sainte-Croix, including “in pago Arduensi in comitatu Gozelonis de Bastonia ecclesiam de Lonchamp et in pago Condustriensi in comitatu Gozelonis de Hoie ecclesiam de Hafflangia”, by charter dated 19 Apr 1028[400]. Roland suggests that Gozelon Comte de Huy was the same person as Gozelon Comte de Montaigu, listing properties in Hesbaie and Huy which indicate a possible connection[401]. Roland lists other charters dated 1043 and 1046 which name “comte Gozelon”[402], although it is not known to which Gozelon these entries relate. [The dating clause of a 1050 charter, under which “Engo et...in coniugium Eulalia” donated property “in vico Hunivol , sito in pago Falmanensi, in comitatu Hoiensi” to Waulsort, records “...duce Frederico, comite Gothelone, Theoderico advocato...”[403]. The place suggests that this refers to Gozelon Comte de Huy who, as suggested above, may be the same person as Gozelon Comte de Montaigu.]

2. GODEFROI (-after [1035]). Comte d’Engis: Heinrich III King of Germany confirmed certain possessions of Stablo, including “sextam...de Amblaua et Tumbis” donated by “comite Godefrido de Eingeis”, by charter dated 5 Jun 1040[404]. Roland dates the original donation of “Amblaua et Tumbis” to 1028 at the latest, and suggests therefore that “comite Godefrido de Eingeis” was the predecessor in Engis of Gozelon (see below) and was the same person as the witness “...Godefridus comes de Amblavia...” in the following [1035] charter[405]. Incidentally, Vanderkindere adopted another view, assuming that Godefroi Comte d’Engis was the same person as Gozelon Comte d’Engis[406]. Comte d’Amblave: a charter dated to [1035] records an agreement between the abbots of Metz Saint-Martin and Stablo exchanging various properties, made “apud Dinillam ubi colloguium...inter imperatorum Cuonradum et Heinricum regem Francorum”, witnessed by “Becelinus comes de Biendeburch, Godefridus comes de Amblavia, Gozilo comes de Engeis, Gerardus Flameus...”[407]. Roland, after analysing other documents which refer to Engis and Amblave, concludes convincingly that Godefroi Comte d’Engis/d’Amblave was the same person as Godefroi de Verdun, who later succeeded as Godefroi II “le Barbu” Duke of Lower Lotharingia[408]. Roland notes in particular the 1050 charter under which “Godefridus dux Lotharingiæ, filius ducis Gozelonis” donated “allodium de Ramelul” to St. Servatius, excepting the rights of other “dominorum circumquaque allodium...excepto domino de Ingeis”[409].

3. GOZELON (-after [1035]). Comte d’Engis. A charter dated to [1035] records an agreement between the abbots of Metz Saint-Martin and Stablo exchanging various properties, made “apud Dinillam ubi colloguium...inter imperatorum Cuonradum et Heinricum regem Francorum”, witnessed by “Becelinus comes de Biendeburch, Godefridus comes de Amblavia, Gozilo comes de Engeis, Gerardus Flameus...”[410]. Vanderkindere assumes that the witness “Gozilo comes de Engeis” was the same person as Gozelon Comte de Huy who is named above[411]. Roland, in his analysis of the Comtes de Rochefort/Montaigu, points out that the village of Engis is situated between Huy and Liège, on the left bank of the river Meuse opposite Clermont, suggesting therefore that Gozelon Comte d’Engis may have been the same person as Gozelon Comte de Montaigu (see above under Gozelon Comte de Huy)[412]. However, in a different article, Roland, after analysing the contemporary documents referring to Engis and Amblave, concludes convincingly that Gozelon Comte d’Engis was the same person as Gozelon de Verdun, who later succeeded as Gozelon II Duke of Lower Lotharingia and was the younger brother of Godefroi II “le Barbu” Duke of Lower Lotharingia (see above)[413]. Roland lists other charters dated 1043 and 1046 which name “comte Gozelon”[414], although it is not known to which Gozelon these entries relate (Gozelon Comte de Montaigu, Gozelon Comte de Huy, Gozelon Comte d’Engis). The earlier document (dated the year before his elevation as duke) could refer to Gozelon Comte d’Engis, but the absence of the ducal title in the 1046 charter makes it unlikely that the Gozelon named therein was the duke.

Chapter 5. GRAFEN in DEUTZGAU

The county of Deutzgau/Tuzihgowe was located east of the river Rhine opposite Köln, north of Auelgau. The abbey of Deutz was located within the county. The Grafen von Hückeswagen emerged in the area, a large part of which was later absorbed into the county of Berg (see the document LOWER RHINE NOBILITY) of which it formed the southern part.

1. CHRISTIAN [I] (-after 3 May 1019). Graf [in Deutzgau]. Heribert Archbishop of Köln donated revenue from property "in villa…Remago" to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 1 Apr 1003, witnessed by "…Cristiani comitis, Herimanni advocati Diuitensis ecclesie, Bilisonis comitis…"[415]. Heribert Archbishop of Köln donated property "curtim…Antwilre", donated by "Baldericus comes et coniunx eius…Adela", to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 1 Apr 1003, witnessed by "…Cristiani comitis, Herimanni advocati Diuitensis ecclesie, Bilisonis comitis…"[416]. Heribert Archbishop of Köln donated property "ecclesiam…in villa…Zudendorp", except for "decimarum parte" held by "nepoti meo Folcnando", to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 1 Mar 1009, witnessed by "…Cristiani comitis…Bilisonis comitis…"[417]. Heribert Archbishop of Köln donated property "ecclesiam…in villa…Sethone…in pago…Betuam", donated by "Baldericus cum uxore Adela", to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 17 Jul 1015, witnessed by "…Cristiani comitis…Bilisonis comitis…"[418]. Heribert Archbishop of Köln confirmed previous donations to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 3 May 1019, witnessed by "…Cristiani comitis, Herimanni defensoris eiusdem Tuitensis ecclesie, Adolfi fratris eius, Gerhardi defensoris domus, Gerhardi Iuliensis, Bilisonis comitis"[419].

2. CHRISTIAN [II] (-after 17 Jun 1041). Graf [in Deutzgau]. Hermann [II] Archbishop of Köln donated property "in pago Saxonie iuxta villam…Cofbuockheim [et] curtim…Westhouuon…in pago Tuizihgouue super Rheni fluvii ripa" to Deutz abbey by charter dated 17 Jun 1041, witnessed by "…Biliso comite, Francone comite, Cristiano comite…"[420]. "Bezecha" a nun at Köln St Ursula donated property "in pago Bonnensi in comitatu Sikkonis in villa Walathorp" to her convent by charter dated 1047, signed by "Heinrici palatini comitis, Thederici comitis, Kristiani comitis, Gerhardi comitis…"[421].

3. CHRISTIAN [III] (-after [1073/75]). Graf [in Deutzgau]. "Gertrudis" donated property "in villa…Chessencih…et…in villa…Wesseno" to Deutz abbey by charter dated to [1073/75], subscribed by "Christiani comitis…Arnoldi comitis, Franconis comitis, Ruperti comitis, Sicconis comitis…"[422].

Chapter 6. GRAFEN von EIFEL

The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…in Ribuarias comitatus quinque…" to King Ludwig[423]. Vanderkindere identifies these five counties as Jülich, Zülpich, Eifel, Bonn and Köln[424]. Matfried [II] is recorded in charters dated between 844 and 856 as Graf in Eifel. A charter dated 846 concerns property in Jülich and also names Matfried, but it is unsure from the wording that this means that Matfried was also Graf von Jülich. The charter dated 15 Jun 943, under which "Ramengarius et uxor ipsius Achalgarda" donated property "in pago et in comitatu Biedensi in villa Uualesuuilere…et in pago Heflinse in comitatu…Tulpiciacensi in villa Nammerestorp…in Bettilonis villa et in campo Zulpilesloch"[425], suggests that Eifel had merged into the county of Zülpich by that date.

1. MATFRIED [II] ([820]-after 18 Sep 882). A close family connection between Matfried [II] and Matfried [I] is suggested by the name. This is confirmed by the letter dated 878 from Pope John VIII to "Mactefrido illustri comiti" referring to Engeltrud wife of Boso (who was the daughter of Matfried [I]) as "proxime vestre"[426], although this wording suggests a more remote relationship than father and son. "Hlotharius…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Lugdunense" to "cuidam vassallo…Immoni", at the request of "Matfredus…comes vel ministerialis noster", by charter dated 15 Dec 843[427]. Graf von Eifel: "Hlotharius…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Eiflense…in villa…Bettinga" to "cuidam fideli nostro Fulcrado", at the request of "Matfridus…ministerialis noster", by charter dated 17 Feb 844[428]. "Hlotharius…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Riboariense in comitatu Iuliacense" to "vassallo…Matfredi…comitis, Hrotgario", at the request of "ministerialis nostri Matfridi…comitis", by charter dated 7 May 846[429]. "Hlotharius…imperator augustus" donated property "in pago Eiflinse in comitatu Matfridi" to Kloster Prüm by charter dated 28 Jan 855[430]. "Hlotharius…rex" donated property "in pago Eiflinse in comitatu Matfridi" at the request of "Adalardus et Matfridus…comites" to "vassallo præfati Matfridi Otberto" by charter dated 28 Jun 856[431]. An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[432]. An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travels across the Meuse[433]. Pope John VIII wrote a letter to "Mactefrido illustri comiti" dated 878 referring to the property of the two daughters of Count Boso in upper Italy & his wife Engeltrud "proxime vestre"[434]. "Hildebertus filius quondam Berengarii comitis" donated property "res…mee in comitatu Vuabrinse prope fluvio…Cherus villam…Beuram" for "germano meo Berengario" to Verdun Sainte-Vanne by charter dated 18 Sep 882, subscribed by "Stephanus comes, Matfridus comes, Witpertus comes"[435].

1. ALBUIN (-after 15 Oct 910). Graf von Eifel: "Zuendeboldus…rex" gave "villa…Tontondorp…in pago Efflinse in comitatu…Albuini" to Kloster Prüm by charter dated 16 Oct 898[436]. Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany confirmed a donation of property including "…in pago ac in comitatu Lummensi…cuius nunc adest comes Perengarius" to the church of Tongern at the request of "Kepehardus et Reginharius comites" and with the consent of "Albuini eo tempore illius comitis" by charter dated 18 Jan 908[437]. Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany granted property "in pago et comitatu Albinse" to "vassallis Hugonis comitis…Bernardo seu Rathfrido ac Reginando" by charter dated 15 Oct 910[438].

1. HERMANN "Pusillus", son of EHRENFRIED Graf [im Zülpichgau] & his wife Richwara --- (-16 Jul or 20 Nov 996). "Herimannis…comes" donated property "in…villæ…Eilba in Maginensi pago" to Münster St Martin for the soul of "nostræ matris Rihuuare" by charter dated 10 Jun 963[439]. The primary source which names his father has not yet been identified. Graf im Bonngau 970, 992 and 993. Graf in Gerresheim 976. Graf im Eifelgau 975 and 978. "Uuicfredus sancta Treuerice sedis archidiaconus" donated property "in pago Aiflense in comitatu Herimanni" to the abbey of St Maximin by charter dated 975[440]. "Udo cum coniuge mea Gisla" donated property "in pago Aiflensi in comitatu Herimanni" to St Maximin at Trier by charter dated 978[441]. Graf von Zülpich 981. He was installed as Pfalzgraf of Lower Lotharingia in [985]/989. "Otto…rex" donated property "Vvalbisci in comitatu Karoli comitis" to Quedlinburg by charter dated 6 Jan 992, which names as present "Bernhardi ducis, Egberti comitis, Eggihardi marchionis, Herimanni palatini comitis, Huodonis marchionis, Deoderici palatini comitis eiusque fratris Sigeberti comitis, Herimanni comitis"[442]. Graf im Auelgau 996. The Memorienbuch of Köln St Gereon records the death "XVII Kal Aug" of "Herimannus palatinus comes cuius beneficio habemus Grieneswilere"[443]. The Memorienbuch of Köln St Gereon records the death "XII Kal Dec" of "Herimannus palatinus comes huius beneficio habemus Louenich"[444].

Chapter 7. GRAFEN von HATTUARIA

The county of Hattuaria lay between the rivers Maas and Rhine north of Moilla, on both banks of the river Niers, to the south of the county of Tubalgo[445]. The territory was attributed to the Grafen von Wassenberg (Part B. below) in the second half of the 11th century[446].

A. GRAFEN von HATTUARIA

1. EHRENFRIED [II], son of [EBERHARD Graf von Bonn & his wife ---] (-before 970). Ehrenfried is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[447] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Zülpich: a charter dated 24 Jan 942 refers to property "in pago Tulpiacense in comitatu Erinfridi comitis in villa vel marka…Merlesheim"[448]. Graf von Bonn: a charter dated 945 refers to "in pago Bunnensi in comitatu Eremfridi comitis in villa Brunheim"[449]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947, signed by "Heinrici fratris regis, Herimanni ducis, Cuonradi comitis, Erenfridi comitis, Gebehardi comitis, Ekkihardi comitis, Hugonis comitis"[450]. Graf von Hattuaria: "Otto…rex" confirmed the privileges of Kloster Gandersheim including property "villa Mundulinhgeim in pago Hatteri in comitatu Erenfridi" by charter dated 4 May 947[451]. Graf von Tubalgo: "Otto…rex" confirmed the rights of Kloster Echternach in property "in villam…Rinera in pago Tubalgouue in comitatu Irinuridi comitis" by charter dated 4 Aug 947[452]. Graf im Ruhr-Keldachgau: a charter dated 950 refers to "locum in comitatu Eremfridi comitis Huppolderroth dictum" (Hubbeliath, east of Düsseldorf in the Keldachgau)[453].

Brother and sister, parents not known:

1. GOTTFRIED . Graf von Hattuaria. m ---. The name of Gottfried's wife is not known. Gottfried & his wife had two children:

a) GOTTFRIED . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Hattuaria.

b) daughter (-18 May ----). Alpertus refers to "Wicmannus" marrying "præfecti Godefridi, avunculi Balderici, filiam", without giving her name; nor is it clear to which Wichmann this refers, apart from it being chronologically impossible for it to have been the same Wichmann whose daughter is recorded in the same passage as marrying "Baldericus" at an earlier date[454]. Wichmann's wife is named "Remmod" in Europäische Stammtafeln[455] but the basis for this is not known. m ([1006]) WICHMANN [IV], son of [EKBERT [I] "der Einäugige" & his wife ---] (-murdered Upladen 9 Oct 1016, bur Verden).

2. sister . m ---. Two children:

a) BALDRIC (-Burg Heimbach 5 Jun 1021). Graafen von Drenthe. Alpertus refers to "Wicmannus" marrying "præfecti Godefridi, avunculi Balderici, filiam"[456]. Assuming that "avunculus" is used in its strict sense, this would mean that Gottfried was Baldric's maternal uncle. The Vita Meinwerci records a donation to Paderborn by "Baldericus comes" with the consent of "suæ contectalis Athelæ", in the presence of "Meinwerco episcopo…Heinrici imperatoris…Bernhardi ducis, Liudolfi, Thiederici, Wicmanni comitum"[457]. "Henricus…rex" donated property "in pago Thrient…in comitatu Baldrici" to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 24 Apr 1006[458]. "Henricus…rex" granted property "inter flumina…Nitæ…Thila…Wauerwald in comitatu Gotizonis comitis qui Antwerk dicitur situm" to "nostrum bestiarum Baldrico sanctæ Leodicensis ecclesiæ presul nec non Baldrico comiti" by charter dated 12 Sep 1008[459]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property to Kloster Boppard "quod Paldricus comes in Pochpartun nobis tradidit" by charter dated 1021[460]. The work of Thiodericus names "Baldricus comes de Oplathe vel Houberch" and records his death "Non Iun" without specifying the year[461]. Thietmar records that "Berthold, Liuthar's son" killed Baldric "a most excellent vassal of Count Wichmann" at Burg Monreberg in [1 Apr] 1017[462], although it is not clear that this is the same Baldric given the contrast with Thietmar's early uncomplimentary descriptions of Baldric, husband of Adela.

- GRAVEN van DRENTHE.

b) daughter . Alpertus refers to an unnamed sister of "Baldricus" and one of her sons being forced into a monastery, the others being abducted "ex parte Wicmanni"[463], which appears to refer to Wichmann [III] son of [Ekbert "der Einäugige"] (see SAXONY), who was killed in 1016. A later passage in the same source clarifies that she was a widow at the time, and states that she sought refuge with "Geverhardus", whom she later married[464]. m firstly --- (-before 1016). m secondly (before 1016) GEBHARD, son of --- (-killed in battle Hengibach after 5 Jun 1021). Alpertus records that "Geverhardus" held Hengibach castle, de iure uxoris, and that he was killed after the death of Baldric while trying to recapture it[465]. She and her first husband had [more than three] children:

i) sons . Alpertus refers to an unnamed sister of "Baldricus" and one of her sons being forced into a monastery, the others being abducted "ex parte Wicmanni"[466], which appears to refer to Wichmann [IV] son of [Ekbert "der Einäugige"] (see the document SAXONY, DUKES & ELECTORS), who was killed in 1016.

B. GRAFEN von WASSENBERG

1. GERHARD "Flamens" (-after 1053). The Annales Rodenses record that "in Flandriensi provintia duo nobiles germani fratres…alter Gerardus et alter…Rutgerus" were exiled from "Anthonium [Antoing]…iuxta flumen Xelda" and were granted "Wasenberch…[et] Clive" respectively by the emperor[467]. Graf von Wassenberg. 1033/1053. "Chuonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "quam Herimannus comes in istis tribus pagis Auga, Netega, Hessiga habet" to the church of Paderborn. An undated charter, placed in the compilation among charters dated 1032, records the meeting between Nanther Abbot of Metz St Martin and Poppo Abbot of Stablo, Malmedy and Trier St Maximin (arranged at Deville by Emperor Konrad II and Henri I King of France), witnessed by "Becelinus comes de Biendeburch, Godefridus comes de Amblavia, Gozilo comes de Engeis, Gerardus Flamens"[468]. “Reinardus de Cirna, Herimannus de Gruosles, Arnulfus de Fidines, Gerardus flamens” witnessed the charter dated 1042 which records property of Stavelot abbey[469]. m ---. The name of Gerhard's wife is not known. Gerhard & his wife had one child:

a) DIETRICH "Flamens" (-[1082], bur Saint-Hubert). The Chronicon S. Huberti Andaginensis records that “Godefridus” [probably identified as Godefroi IV [de Boulogne/Bouillon] Duke of Lower Lotharingia] captured "Theodericum comitem qui filius Gerardi Flamensis" who died after six months in captivity and whose burial was planned at Köln St. Gereon but who was finally buried “in ecclesia beati Huberti”, dated to 1082 from the context[470]. [Kurth indicates that “il est probablement question de lui” in the following charter (“comes Theodericus”)[471]: "Ermengardis avorum meorum predecessione ammonita" donated property at "Wereme...in Berlenges et in Jalmin...apud Lon...in Rumines...in Curinge..." to Liège Saint-Lambert by charter dated 5 Feb 1079, witnessed by "Reinerus advocatus, comes Adelbertus, Heinricus, Warnerus, filius eius Heinricus, comes Cono, Rodulphus frater, comes Otto, comes Arnulphus, Godefridus et Arnulphus, Godescalcus de Cennaco...", reserving rights of “comes Theodericus super ea advocaturam”, all confirmed by “comes Heinricus”[472].] m ---. The name of Dietrich's wife is not known. Dietrich & his wife had three children:

i) GERHARD (-[before 1129 or 24 Oct [1131]]). The Chronicon S. Huberti Andaginensis records that, after the death of their father, "Gerardus et Gozwinus filii eius [=Theodericum]" donated “sex mansos allodii apud Bridam, quæ sub Traiecto sita est in Taxandria”, dated to 1082[473]. The 17th century compilation Antiquitas Ecclesiæ Andaginensis Sancti Petri records that “Henricus et Gerardus filii comitis Flamensis” donated “in Brida, infra Trajectum in Taxandria, sex mansos”[474]. Although this refers to the same donation recorded in the Chronicon S. Huberti Andaginensis, it is not known whether the compiler based his information on another document which no longer survives or whether he copied the information incorrectly from the Chronicon. As noted below, Gerhard is recorded with a brother named Heinrich, although the sources in which he is named suggest that he was younger than Gerhard. Graf von Wassenberg 1087. Graaf van Gelre 1096. "…Gerardi comitis de Gelre et fratris eius Henrici…" witnessed the charter dated 1096 under which "Ida Boloniensis comitissa" donated property in "Genapia" to Afflighem abbey[475].

- GRAVEN van GELRE.

ii) HEINRICH von Krieckenbeck (-before 1138). The 17th century compilation Antiquitas Ecclesiæ Andaginensis Sancti Petri records that “Henricus et Gerardus filii comitis Flamensis” donated “in Brida, infra Trajectum in Taxandria, sex mansos”[476]. Although this refers to the same donation recorded in the Chronicon S. Huberti Andaginensis (see above, naming the donors "Gerardus et Gozwinus filii eius [=Theodericum]"), it is not known whether the compiler based his information on another document which no longer survives or whether he copied the information incorrectly from the Chronicon. "…Gerardi comitis de Gelre et fratris eius Henrici…" witnessed the charter dated 1096 under which "Ida Boloniensis comitissa" donated property in "Genapia" to Afflighem abbey[477]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the dismissal of "comes Gerhardus et frater eius Heinricus" from the Vogteischaft of Kloster Siegburg by charter dated 5 Apr 1118 witnessed by "Comes Gerhardus et frater eius Heinricus, Comes Adolfus de Monte, Comes Adolfus de Saphenberg, Comes Gerhardus de Iuliaco, Gerhardus iunior filius Gerhardi, Gerhardus de Caesle, Arnulfus de Odenkirche"[478]. m ---. The name of Heinrich's wife is not known. Heinrich & his wife had [one possible child]:

(a) [REINER [I] von Krieckenbeck . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1164.]

iii) GOSWIN [I] (-after 1104). The Chronicon S. Huberti Andaginensis records that, after the death of their father, "Gerardus et Gozwinus filii eius [=Theodericum]" donated “sex mansos allodii apud Bridam, quæ sub Traiecto sita est in Taxandria”, dated to 1082[479]. Herr von Heinsberg 1085. The Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium records that "Gerardum…de castello…Guassenberge et Gozwinum avunculum eius de castello…Heinesberge" introduced abbot Luipo into the abbey of Saint-Trond in 1085[480]. 1104.

- HERREN von HEINSBERG.

2. RUTGER [I] (-before 1051). The Annales Rodenses record that "in Flandriensi provintia duo nobiles germani fratres…alter Gerardus et alter…Rutgerus" were exiled from "Anthonium [Antoing]…iuxta flumen Xelda" and were granted "Wasenberch…[et] Clive" respectively by the emperor[481]. Graf von Kleve 1020/50.

- GRAFEN von KLEVE.

Chapter 8. COMTES de HESBAIE

The county of Hesbaie, successor to the pagus Hasbaniensis, lay in what is today eastern Belgium, south of a line from the river Demer in the west to the town of Maaseik in the east, west and north of the river Maas/Meuse as far as the river Dyle in the west. It included the city of Liège. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…in Hasbanio comitatus IV…" to King Charles[482], although the reference to four counties within Hesbaye suggests that Hesbaye was a geographical entity and not a county itself. Vanderkindere suggests that these four counties can be identified geographically by quartering the Hesbaie into four approximately equal parts[483], but his hypothesis appears to be based on a logical interpretation of the geography rather than any contemporary documentation. He suggests that these four counties were Avernas (in the north-east of Hesbaie, first named in a charter dated to after 956[484], and which was later known as the county of Looz), "Brunengeruz" (in the south-west of Hesbaye, also known as Brugeron or Hougaerde, named in a charter dated [988] under which Otto III King of Germany confirmed properties of the church of Liège including "comitatum de Brunengeruuz"[485]), Louvain (in the north-west, first named in 1003[486]) and "Haspinga" ("comitatum Arnoldi comitis nomine Haspinga in pago Haspingowi" granted by Heinrich III King of Germany to the church of Liège Saint-Lambert by charter dated 24 Jan 1040[487], which by elimination would have to be in the south-east). No reference to these four counties, or any ruling counts, apart from in the county of Hesbaie itself, has been found which is contemporary to the 870 agreement. Hesbaie is first mentioned in 715: the third continuator of the Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium names "Robertus comes vel dux Hasbanie"[488], who can be identified with the ancestor of the Robertiner Grafen in Wormsgau, alleged ancestors of the Capetian kings of France (see FRANCONIA NOBILITY). The ancestors of the wife of Emperor Louis I were also recorded in the county of Hesbaie. However, it appears unlikely that they were related to Robert [I] for the reasons explained in the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY. There are indications that, by the late 9th or early 10th centuries, the Reginar family of Hainaut had acquired interests in the county of Hesbaie. Guillaume de Jumièges describes how "Rainier au long cou duc de Hasbaigne et du Hainaut et Radbold prince de Frise" fought the Viking Rollo but were forced back to their castles[489]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois Fontaines also refers to "Rainerus Hainonensium comes et Hasbanii dux" fighting the Vikings, dated to 876[490]. It is not certain that these can be considered reliable authorities, particular because of the reference to "dux", for which no other indications have been found that this was an officially sanctioned title in the Reginar family at that time. However, other sources indicate that Reginar [I] held property in the county, including the abbey of St Servatius at Maastricht[491]. Rudolf, grandson of Reginar [I], is also recorded as count in Hesbaie in the mid-10th century. No other direct references have been found to counts of Hesbaie in the 8th or 9th centuries. The counties of Duras, Grez and Aarschot developed in the 11th and 12th centuries in the area of the former county of Hesbaie, which disappeared from the records. In addition, the seigneurie of Moha evolved as a county within the territory of the former county of Hesbaie because it was held by a count. The counts of Duras, Grez, Looz and Moha are shown in the present chapter, as well as the counts of Hesbaie. The counties of Aarschot and Louvain are dealt with in the document BRABANT, LOUVAIN.

A. COMTES de HESBAIE

1. ROBERT [I], son of LAMBERT [II] comes in Neustria and Austrasia & his wife --- ([700/10]-before 764). Comte de Hesbaie. The third continuator of the Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium names "Robertus comes vel dux Hasbanie" in 715, and quotes a charter dated 7 Apr 742 under which "Robertus comes, filius condam Lamberti" donated property "in villa…Sarcinio…in pago Hasbaniensi…[et] Halon, Scaffnis, Felepa et Marholt" to St Trudon[492]. Comes palatinus 741/42. Graf im Oberrheingau und Wormsgau.

1. EKKEHARD (-killed in battle Toulouse 844). The Annales Bertiniani record "Etkardus quoque et Ravanus comites" among those killed in 844 at the siege of Toulouse against Pepin II King of Aquitaine and "filii Etkardi comitis duo, item Eokardus, Guntardus et Richuinus comites" among those captured[493]. same person as…? EGGEBARD (-after [834]). [Comte de Hesbaie]. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that Lothar captured his father Emperor Louis in "pagum Hasbaniensem", where "Eggebardus comes et alii illius proceres pagi" tried to procure his release [in 834][494]. It is possible that "Eggebardus" is a transcription error for "Eggehardus". No other reference to a count Eggebard has been found.

1. RUDOLF, son of REGINAR [II] Comte de Hainaut & his wife (-after 24 Jan 966). His parentage is confirmed by Flodoard recording, in 944, that "Hugo dux" requested "Herimann[us]…qui missus erat…" to besiege "castella Ragnarii ac Rodulfi fratrum, Ludowici regis fidelium"[495], on the assumption that "Ragnarii" refers to Count Reginar [III]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the possession of Kloster Süsteren by Prüm abbey by charter dated 1 Jun 949, signed by "Cuonradus dux, Herimannus dux, Hezzo comes, Godefridus comes, Rudolfus comes, Reginherus comes"[496], the order of subscribers' names suggesting that Rudolf may have been considered senior to Reginar although it is not certain that this inevitably means that he was older. Graf von Maasgau: "Otto…rex" granted property "Cassallo…in pago Masalant in comitatu Ruodolfi" to "vassallo nostro Ansfrid" at the request of "nostri fidelis Conradis ducis" by charter dated 7 Oct 950[497]. Comte de Hesbaie: "Otto…rex" granted Kloster Alden-Eyck "in pago Huste in comitatu Ruodulphi" to the bishopric of Liège by charter dated 4 Jul 952[498]. "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed the donations to the convent of Nivelles by "Regenarius comes" of property "in pago Ardenna super fluvia Aisna in comitatu Waudricia in villa Villaro" and by "predicti Regenarii filius nomine Liechardus in pago Hasbanensi in villa Gingolonham" and by "Rodolphus comes villa Lentlo" by charter dated 24 Jan 966[499]. The charter dated 17 Jan 966, under which "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "curtem Galmina…que quondam Rudolfi erat…in pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen[500], describes how Rudolf's property was confiscated, presumably at the same time as his brother Reginar [III] was banished, and granted to Werner.

Two brothers:

1. WERNER [Garnier] (-killed in battle 973). Graf von Zülpich: Bruno archbishop of Köln confirmed an exchange of property "Baldau, quam Sigifredus comes…acquireret" for "in villa Nohas…in pago Heislensi in comitatu Tulpiaco" between the abbot of Stavelot and "comite Warnero fideli nostro" by charter dated 953 "regnante rege Ottone fratre nostro, anno xviii, Godefrido duce"[501]. Comte de Hesbaye: "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen in exchange for property "in pago Liuhgouui in comitatu Richarii…in pago Auvlgowi in comitatu Eberhardi, Limberge…" by charter dated 17 Jan 966[502]. "Warneri comitis…" witnessed the charter dated 968 under which Gérard Bishop of Toul donated various churches to the abbey of Bouxières[503]. Comte de Hainaut 973. The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[504]. Sigebert's Chronica records that "Raginerus et Lantbertus" (sons of Reginar [III] Comte de Hainaut) returned from exile in 973 and killed "Guarnero et Rainaldo", who occupied their father's county, "apud Perronam" and besieged "super Hagnam fluvium castello Buxude"[505]. Thietmar records that "Lantbertus, Reinherii filius…cum fratre…Reingerio" killed "Wirinharium et eius germanum Reinzonem"[506].

2. RENAUD (-killed in battle Peronne 973). The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[507]. Sigebert's Chronica records that "Raginerus et Lantbertus" (sons of Reginar [III] Comte de Hainaut) returned from exile in 973 and killed "Guarnero et Rainaldo", who occupied their father's county, "apud Perronam" and besieged "super Hagnam fluvium castello Buxude"[508]. Thietmar records that "Lantbertus, Reinherii filius…cum fratre…Reingerio" killed "Wirinharium et eius germanum Reinzonem"[509].

1. FOLCWIN (-after 30 Aug 974). Comte de Hesbaye: "Otto…imperator augustus" returned property "Turninas vocatum in pago Haspanensi et in comitatu Folchuuini comitis Hoio situm" to Kloster Stablo by charter dated 30 Aug 974[510].

B. COMTES de DURAS

The counties of Duras, Grez and Aarschot developed in the 11th and 12th centuries in the area of the former county of Hesbaie, which disappeared from the records.

1. ---. [Comte de Duras.] m HERLENDIS, daughter of --- (-after 2 Nov 1023). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Herlendis comitissa, mater Godefridi comitis Duratii" when recording her donation to the abbey in 1021 for the soul of "filii sui primogeniti Adelberonis, Metensis ecclesie primicerii"[511]. “Godefridus comes cum matre sua Herlinda” donated “medietatem ville Witra” to Saint-Trond, for the soul of “filii sui Adalberonis”, by charter dated 2 Nov 1023, the dating clause of which records “ipsiusque monasterii advocato tunc existente Gisleberto eiusdem domine Herlinde filio”[512]. Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “decimam...de Molembisul” made by “Erlendis quondam Geldoniensis comitissa viro suo defuncto” to Heylissem abbey, which was confirmed by “Juliane comitisse uxoris Godefridi comitis” with the consent of “filiis et filiabus suis Egidio, Petro, Conone, Gerberga et Claritia” for the soul of “viri sui comitis Godefridi”, by charter dated 1164, before 12 May[513]. --- & his wife had [three] children:

a) [ADALBERO (-before 1021). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Herlendis comitissa, mater Godefridi comitis Duratii" when recording her donation to the abbey in 1021 for the soul of "filii sui primogeniti Adelberonis, Metensis ecclesie primicerii"[514]. Primicier of Metz. It appears unlikely that the eldest son of a count should be destined for the church. It is therefore possible that Adalbero was the son of Herlendis by a former marriage. “Godefridus comes cum matre sua Herlinda” donated “medietatem ville Witra” to Saint-Trond, for the soul of “filii sui Adalberonis”, by charter dated 2 Nov 1023, the dating clause of which records “ipsiusque monasterii advocato tunc existente Gisleberto eiusdem domine Herlinde filio”[515].]

b) GODEFROI (-after 2 Nov 1023). Comte de Duras. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Herlendis comitissa, mater Godefridi comitis Duratii" when recording her donation to the abbey in 1021[516]. “Godefridus comes cum matre sua Herlinda” donated “medietatem ville Witra” to Saint-Trond, for the soul of “filii sui Adalberonis”, by charter dated 2 Nov 1023, the dating clause of which records “ipsiusque monasterii advocato tunc existente Gisleberto eiusdem domine Herlinde filio”[517].

c) GISELBERT (-after 2 Nov 1023). “Godefridus comes cum matre sua Herlinda” donated “medietatem ville Witra” to Saint-Trond, for the soul of “filii sui Adalberonis”, by charter dated 2 Nov 1023, the dating clause of which records “ipsiusque monasterii advocato tunc existente Gisleberto eiusdem domine Herlinde filio”[518]. Comte de Duras. [“Comitibus hiis: Hecelone, Henrico, Gisilberto, Sibodone, Arnulfo” subscribed the charter dated 1029 under which Poppo Archbishop of Trier deplored damage caused to monasteries and donated “ecclesiam Longuion” to the abbey of Notre-Dame-des-Martyrs[519]. It is not certain whether “Gisilberto” was Giselbert Comte de Duras or Giselbert Comte de Looz.] m ---. The name of Giselbert's wife is not known. Giselbert & his wife had [one child]:

i) [ODA (-before 1101). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records that "comes Otto et filius eius Gislebertus de Durachio" donated “allodii...in villa...Meldreges, non longe a villa Lencholt” for the soul of “uxoris suæ Odæ...matris”[520]. Mantelius suggests that Oda was the daughter of Giselbert Comte de Duras and transmitted the avouerie of Saint-Trond (held by her father) to her descendants[521]. No primary source has been identified which confirms that this is correct, but it appears to be logical. Baerten points out that, assuming that Oda was heiress of the county of Duras, she could have been the daughter of either Giselbert or of his predecessor and older brother Godefroi[522]. m OTTO de Looz, son of [GISELBERT Comte de Looz] & his wife [Liutgarde de Namur] (-1101 or after).]

C. COMTES de DURAS (LOOZ)

OTTO de Looz, son of [GISELBERT Comte de Looz] & his wife [Liutgarde de Namur] (-before 1088). The Vita Arnulfi names "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius" as sons of Liutgarde, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur[523]. From a chronological point of view, it is not possible for Emmo and his brother to have been the children of Otto de Looz who, as stated above, is recorded in another source as the husband of Liutgarde de Namur. No primary source has been identified which confirms that Emmo and Otto were the sons of Comte Giselbert, although this suggested parentage would fit the chronology of the family. Avocat of Saint-Trond: “...Ottonis advocati et fratris eius Emmonis comitis de Los, Alberti comitis de Musal...” signed the charter dated 1059 under which “Fredericus...Lothariencium dux” donated a serf to Saint-Trond[524]. Otto was demoted to the position of “sous-avocat” when Frédéric de Luxembourg Duke of Lower Lotharingia was installed as avocat de Saint-Trond: the Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records in 1060 that “Theoderico [error for Federico]...dux Lotharie” was made “advocatus huius opidi” in place of "Ottonem comitem Durachii, fratrem Emmonis comitis de Los", while an earlier passage records the presence in the same year of “Theoderico duce Lotharingiæ...advocato...et Ottoni comite Durachii subadvocato” in a charter [the same as the following donation][525]. “Advocati ducis Friderici, subadvocati comitis Ottonis...” witnessed the charter dated 1060 under which Alberon Bishop of Metz confirmed his predecessors donations to Saint-Trond[526]. Adalbero Bishop of Metz confirmed the rights of Saint-Trond, in the presence of "domino Udone fratris mei successore eamdem advocatiam in beneficio a nobis habente, et Othone subadvocato", by charter dated 1065[527]. “...Comes Otto de Los...” witnessed the charter dated 30 Aug 1067 which records that "Dux Fredericus et Stabulensis advocatus" donated “ecclesiam de Sprimont et allodium...Genape” to Stablo abbey, after the death of “Gerberga uxore mea” from whom was derived his rights to the property[528]. The following charters suggest that Otto was restored as full avocat of Saint-Trond: the dating clause of a charter dated to [1072/75], under which “Osmuth et Warburg” committed themselves to Saint-Trond, records “...Ottone advocato”[529]. “Otto comes et advocatus, Reynerus advocatus et Libertus frater eius...” witnessed the charter dated 1080 under which Alar Abbot of Saint-Trond declared a donation made by “Sigerus de Anderlecht nobilis cum matre Reilende...”[530]. Otto presumably died before 1088, the date of the charter quoted below in which his son Giselbert is named as avocat of Saint-Trond.

m ODA, daughter of [GISELBERT Comte de Duras & his wife ---]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records that "comes Otto et filius eius Gislebertus de Durachio" donated “allodii...in villa...Meldreges, non longe a villa Lencholt” for the soul of “uxoris suæ Odæ...matris”[531]. Mantelius suggests that Oda was the daughter of Giselbert Comte de Duras and transmitted the avouerie of Saint-Trond (held by her father) to her descendants[532]. No primary source has been identified which confirms that this is correct, but it appears to be logical. Baerten points out that, assuming that Oda was heiress of the county of Duras, she could have been the daughter of either Giselbert or of his predecessor and older brother Godefroi[533].

Comte Otto & his wife had two children:

1. GISELBERT (-before 1138). The Vita Arnulfi names "Otto frater Emmonis" as father of "Gislebertum de Duraz"[534]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed donations to St Jakob, Liège by charter dated 23 Apr 1088, at the request of "Heinrico comite de Durbui", witnessed by "comite Cuonrado et Gileberto filio comitis Ottonis de Los…"[535]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Durachiensis comes Gyslebertus"[536]. Comte de Duras. Avocat of Saint-Trond: “Gislebertus comes et advocatus...” signed the charter dated 1088 under which “Heldeboldus” donated “filiam meam...Conegunt” to Saint-Trond[537]. “...Gislebertus filius comitis Ottonis...” witnessed the charter dated 1 Jun 1101 under which Emperor Heinrich IV confirmed the rights of “Albertus comes Namucensium” over the church of Andenne[538]. “Comite et advocato Giselberto...filio eius Ottone, comite, Teoderico de Los...” signed the charter dated 1 Apr 1108 by which “Froweken” declared herself of the family of Saint-Trond[539]. “...Advocato comite Gisleberto...” witnessed the charter dated 1111 under which “Werenboldus” acknowledged being a serf of Saint-Trond[540]. “...Advocatus noster comes Gislebertus...” witnessed the charter dated 6 May 1124 under which Rodolphe Abbot of Saint-Trond declared “Anselmus” as of the family of Saint-Trond[541]. Like his father Otto before him, Giselbert was demoted to sous-avocat of Saint-Trond, in favour of the Limburg family, [May 1124/1127], for reasons which have not been ascertained: “advocato Gualeramno cognomento Pagino et subadvocato Gillberto...” witnessed the charter dated 1127 under which Etienne Bishop of Metz donated property to Saint-Trond[542]. Alexander Bishop of Liège confirmed a donation made by “Durachiensi comite Gisleberto, eiusque filiis Ottone, Brunone, Theoderico et Oda comitissa” by charter dated 1134[543]. "Comes de Claromonte Lambertus" granted the right to take wood from his forests in "predicti castelli" to the monks of Flône by charter dated 1136, witnessed by "comes Arnulfus de Los, comes Gislebertus de Duras, Walterus advocatus de Barz…"[544]. m firstly GERTRUD, daughter of --- (-1114, bur Abbey Saint-Trond). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "comitissa Gertrude" as wife of "advocato nostro Gisleberto", naming "comite Arnulfo et Theoderico fratre eius", and specifying her burial in the abbey[545]. m secondly (after 1114) ODA de Chiny, daughter of OTTO [II] Comte de Chiny & his wife Alix de Namur (-after 1134). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium which records [her brother] "Adalbero Metensium primicerius...quia comitissa Durachiensis erat soror eius"[546]. Alexander Bishop of Liège confirmed a donation made by “Durachiensi comite Gisleberto, eiusque filiis Ottone, Brunone, Theoderico et Oda comitissa” by charter dated 1134[547]. Comte Giselbert & his first wife had [eight] children:

a) OTTO [II] (-1147). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Ottone et Gisleberto" as sons of "advocato nostro Gisleberto" and his wife Gertrude[548]. “Comite et advocato Giselberto...filio eius Ottone, comite, Teoderico de Los...” signed the charter dated 1 Apr 1108 by which “Froweken” declared herself of the family of Saint-Trond[549]. Alexander Bishop of Liège confirmed a donation made by “Durachiensi comite Gisleberto, eiusque filiis Ottone, Brunone, Theoderico et Oda comitissa” by charter dated 1134[550]. Comte de Duras. “Advocatus comes Otto..” signed the charter dated 1138 under which Folcard abbot of Saint-Trond renewed letters by which “Johannes de Trudenelegen” transferred “Mariam matrem Johannis de Hales” to Saint-Trond[551]. Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “possessionis sue Aleym” made to Saint-Trond by “comes Otto Duracheinsis”, with the consent of “fratrum suorum Theoderici et Brunonis et nepotum suorum Alexandri prepositi et Arnulfi”, by charter dated 1146, which adds that the donor had bequeathed “advocatiam” and soon after that “gener eius Godefridus comes et filia Julia” donated property to the abbey[552]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records a dying donation of "comes Otto" in 1147 and his burial in the abbey[553]. m as her first husband, BERTHE de Ribemont, daughter of GODEFROI [II] de Ribemont Châtelain de Valenciennes Seigneur de Bouchain & his wife Yolande van Geldern. The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Yoandis comitissa vidua" married secondly "Godefrido de Bochesin castellano Valencenensi", by whom she was mother of "filium…Godefridum et filiam Bertam [uxorem] comiti de Duraz, deinde nupsit Egidio de Sancto Oberto a quo filium…Gerardum et filiam…[uxorem] Nicholao de Barbencione"[554]. She married secondly Gilles [II] de Saint-Aubert. Comte Otto & his wife had one child:

i) JULIANE (-1164). Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “possessionis sue Aleym” made to Saint-Trond by “comes Otto Duracheinsis”, with the consent of “fratrum suorum Theoderici et Brunonis et nepotum suorum Alexandri prepositi et Arnulfi”, by charter dated 1146, which adds that the donor had bequeathed “advocatiam” and soon after that “gener eius Godefridus comes et filia Julia” donated property to the abbey[555]. Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “decimam...de Molembisul” made by “Erlendis quondam Geldoniensis comitissa viro suo defuncto” to Heylissem abbey, which was confirmed by “Juliane comitisse uxoris Godefridi comitis” with the consent of “filiis et filiabus suis Egidio, Petro, Conone, Gerberga et Claritia” for the soul of “viri sui comitis Godefridi”, by charter dated 1164, before 12 May[556]. “Rodulphus...ecclesie beati Lamberti...in Leodio custos” notified that “domina Juliana de Duraz bone memorie comitissa et filius eius Egidius” donated “dimidium mansum allodii sui in Geldonge” to Heylissem abbey by charter dated 1164, before Nov[557]. [Europäische Stammtafeln indicates that Juliane married secondly Engurrand d’Orbais[558]. This second marriage may be hinted at by the charter dated 1171 under which “Godefridus...dux Lotharingie et comes Bracbantie” donated “ecclesie...in Pervweiz” to Heylissem abbey, specifying that “comes de Duraz...a quo Engelrandus de Orbais...infiodatus est” was “inbeneficatus a nobis” and that “Godefridum de Sumbreffia” also donated “dimidia parte huius beneficii”[559]. This document does indicate some Duras/Orbais family connection but its wording is insufficiently precise to conclude that this supposed second marriage took place. In addition, the chronology of the Duras and Orbais families is not favourable for such a marriage. Another charter confirms that the Brabant, Duras and Orbais families were joint donors of the church of Perwez, although the basis of their joint interest has not been ascertained: Bruno Archdeacon of Liège confirmed the donation of “ecclesie...in Peruuueis” to Heylissem abbey made by “quatuor viri nobiles quorum fundus fuit ecclesie...dux Godefridus, comes Egidius, Eigelramus, Godefridus” by charter dated 1171[560].] m [firstly] GODEFROI Comte de Montaigu et de Clermont, son of LAMBERT Comte de Montaigu & his wife --- (-1161 or after). [m secondly ENGUERRAND d'Orbais, son of BERNARD d´Orbais & his wife Ida de Coucy (-1185 or after).]

b) [CONON . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur d'Autreppes et de Diepenbeck. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1135/55.]

c) GISELBERT . The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Ottone et Gisleberto" as sons of "advocato nostro Gisleberto" and his wife Gertrude[561].

d) GERARD (-1174). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Otto comes, frater eiusdem Gerardi", when recording the latter's appointment as Abbot of St Truido in 1145[562]. “Gerardus...abbas Sancti Trudonis” reacquired from Saint-Trond “allodium...de Aleym”, which “pater meus Otto comes Durachiensis” had donated and was claimed by “Arnulphus nepos meus”, by charter dated 1150[563]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records his resignation as abbot in 1155[564].

e) THIERRY (-1183 or after). Alexander Bishop of Liège confirmed a donation made by “Durachiensi comite Gisleberto, eiusque filiis Ottone, Brunone, Theoderico et Oda comitissa” by charter dated 1134[565]. Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “possessionis sue Aleym” made to Saint-Trond by “comes Otto Duracheinsis”, with the consent of “fratrum suorum Theoderici et Brunonis et nepotum suorum Alexandri prepositi et Arnulfi”, by charter dated 1146[566]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "frater eius Theodericus canonicus Sancti Lamberti et Bruno, qui post archidiaconatum eiusdem ecclesiæ meruit" as witnessing the donation of "comes Otto" in 1147[567]. Provost at Huy 1130/53. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1141/58. Archdeacon of Liège 1167/83.

f) BRUNO (-1177 or after). Alexander Bishop of Liège confirmed a donation made by “Durachiensi comite Gisleberto, eiusque filiis Ottone, Brunone, Theoderico et Oda comitissa” by charter dated 1134[568]. Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “possessionis sue Aleym” made to Saint-Trond by “comes Otto Duracheinsis”, with the consent of “fratrum suorum Theoderici et Brunonis et nepotum suorum Alexandri prepositi et Arnulfi”, by charter dated 1146[569]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "frater eius Theodericus canonicus Sancti Lamberti et Bruno, qui post archidiaconatum eiusdem ecclesiæ meruit" as witnessing the donation of "comes Otto" in 1147[570]. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1149. "Gilius quondam comes Durachiensis" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers, naming "Petrus frater meus comes de Monteacuto et Cono frater meus comes Durachiensis…et avunculus noster domnus Bruno archidiaconus", by charter dated 1175[571].

g) [daughter . Alexander´s mother was the sister of the donor in the charter quoted below, assuming that “nepos” can be interpreted in that document as nephew.] m --- Herr von Oehren, son of ---. One child:

i) ALEXANDER (-Rome 9 Aug 1167, bur Liège). Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “possessionis sue Aleym” made to Saint-Trond by “comes Otto Duracheinsis”, with the consent of “fratrum suorum Theoderici et Brunonis et nepotum suorum Alexandri prepositi et Arnulfi”, by charter dated 1146, witnessed by “...Alexander prepositus et archidiaconus...”[572]. Provost and archdeacon. “Alexander...prepositus et archidiaconus Leodiensis ecclesie” established the rights of “ecclesie de Alost” by charter dated 1160[573]. Henri Bishop of Liège confirmed “ecclesia parrochyalis...beate Marie...in opido burgi Sancti Trudonis...[et] ecclesia de Myeles” to Saint-Trond, with the consent of and at the request of “Alexandri archydiaconis”, by charter dated 1163[574]. Bishop of Liège 1164. The Aegidii Aurævallensis Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium records the succession of “Alexander secundus filius nobili domini de Orreo iuxta Treveris, prepositus maioris ecclesie” after the death of Bishop Henri, and his death “V Id Aug” 1167 from plague during the siege of Rome by Emperor Friedrich I and his burial “Leodii...in maiori ecclesia”[575]. “Heinricus...major in Leodio prepositus et archidiaconus” confirmed an agreement between the abbot of Saint-Trond and “Arnulfus...de Felpa”, which had been agreed with “pie memorie domini Alexandri majoris prepositi postea...episcopi”, by charter dated 1177[576].

h) [--- . Arnoul´s mother was the sister of the donor in the charter quoted below, assuming that “nepos” can be interpreted in that document as nephew. It is not known whether this daughter was the same person who was the mother of Alexander who is shown above.] m ---. The name of Arnoul´s father is not known. [As noted below, Klaversma suggests that Arnoul was the same person as Arnulf van Kortessem (who may have been the son of Mainer van Kortessem)[577]. Piot notes that “Mainerus de Corterices” is named in a document dated 1067, “Mainerus de Corterec” in 1092, “Memerus de Cortereces” in 1101, and “Memery de Curtereceis” in 1143[578]. It is clear that these entries must refer to at least three different individuals of the same name.] One child:

i) ARNOUL (-after 1150). Henri Bishop of Liège approved the donation of “possessionis sue Aleym” made to Saint-Trond by “comes Otto Duracheinsis”, with the consent of “fratrum suorum Theoderici et Brunonis et nepotum suorum Alexandri prepositi et Arnulfi”, by charter dated 1146, witnessed by “...Arnulfus de Curtrice...”[579]. “Gerardus...abbas Sancti Trudonis” reacquired from Saint-Trond “allodium...de Aleym”, which “pater meus Otto comes Durachiensis” had donated and was claimed by “Arnulphus nepos meus”, by charter dated 1150[580]. same person as...? ARNULF van Kortessem [near Hasselt, Limburg Province, Belgium] (-after 1154). Klaversma suggests that Arnoul was the same person as Arnulf van Kortessem (who may have been the son of Mainer van Kortessem) who is named as witness in the document quoted above[581]. It is not clear from the document in question that the witness was the same person as the relative of the donor who is named in the body of the charter. "Arnoldus de Curtertho..." witnessed the charter dated 1154 under which "Ludovicus...comes in Los" donated "allodium nostrum in Barebergh" to Averboden[582]. It has not been ascertained whether Arnulf was related to Roger van Kortessem and his sister Ida who are named in the following charter: “Gerardus...comes de Los dominaque matre mea Agneta comitissa filioque eius Hugone fratre meo” granted privileges to “ville nostre de Brustemie”, with the consent of “Rogero...de Curtereces et sorore eius Yda”, by charter dated 1175[583].

2. BOVO de Duras . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. m ---. The name of Bovo´s wife is not known. Bovo & his wife had five children:

a) SIMON de Waha . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1103.

b) JULIEN (-1127 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur de Waha. 1102/27. m MATHILDE de Fronville, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Julien & his wife had one child:

i) GUY . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1118/47.

c) HUGEL de Waha . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Châtelain de Mirwart. m CLEMENTIA de Chiny, daughter of ARNAUD [II] Comte de Chiny & his first wife Adela de Ramerupt [Roucy]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Hugel & his wife had one child:

i) LAMBERT . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1196/1223.

d) BOVO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon at Liège, St Lambert [1108].

e) JEAN . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Abbot of St Hubert.

D. COMTES de GREZ

The counties of Duras, Grez and Aarschot developed in the 11th and 12th centuries in the area of the former county of Hesbaie, which disappeared from the records. The comtes de Grez are recorded with the comital title only at the end of the 11th century. It is likely that the county was incorporated into Brabant[584], presumably in the early 12th century.

Two brothers, parents not known:

1. HENRI de Grez (-after 1099). "…Heinricus et frater eius Warnerus de Greys…" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Henri de Verdun Bishop of Liège approved the foundation of Flône[585]. “Garnerus de Greis” donated “allodium...in comitatu Hoyensi...Valllis” to Fosses, with the consent of “fratre suo Henrico nec non et domina Adelende uxore sua...Wigero eiusdem ecclesie advocato” by charter dated 1095, witnessed by “Wigerus advocatus, Arnulfus frater eius, Godefridus, Henricus et Albertus fratres de Namurco, Arnulfus, Johannes, Gualterus et Adelardus filii eius...”[586]. Comte de Grez. “Henricus comes de Greis, Steppo de Brucsella et frater eius Walterus, Eustacius de Corbeka, Sigerus et Franco frater eius…Franco castellanus de Brucsella…” witnessed the charter dated 1099 under which the abbot of Afflighem acquired the church of Frasne[587].

2. GARNIER [Warner] de Grez (-22 Jul 1100, bur Josaphat Sainte-Marie). "…Heinricus et frater eius Warnerus de Greys…" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Henri de Verdun Bishop of Liège approved the foundation of Flône[588]. “Garnerus de Greis” donated “allodium...in comitatu Hoyensi...Valllis” to Fosses, with the consent of “fratre suo Henrico nec non et domina Adelende uxore sua...Wigero eiusdem ecclesie advocato” by charter dated 1095, witnessed by “Wigerus advocatus, Arnulfus frater eius, Godefridus, Henricus et Albertus fratres de Namurco, Arnulfus, Johannes, Gualterus et Adelardus filii eius...”[589]. Comte de Grez. "…Comes Warnerus de Greis…" signed the charter dated 14 Jun 1096 under which Otbert Bishop of Liège declared having bought "castellum de Covino" from "comite Balduino de Mont"[590]. William of Tyre names "Garins comte de Grez" among those who left on the First Crusade with Robert Count of Flanders[591]. Albert of Aix records that "Godefridus dux regni Lotharingiæ…fraterque eius uterinus Baldewinus, Warnerus de Greis cognatus ipsius Ducis, Baldewinus pariter de Burch, Reinhardus comes de Tul, Petrus…frater ipsius, Dodo de Cons, Henricus de Ascha ac frater illius Godefridus" left for Jerusalem in Aug 1096[592]. William of Tyre names "comes Garnerus cognomento de Gres…dominorum ducis et comitis consanguineus"[593], indicating Godefroi de Bouillon princeps of Jerusalem. The exact relationship between Garnier de Grez and the family of the Comtes de Boulogne is not known. Albert of Aix names "…Warnerus de Greis castello…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[594]. Albert of Aix records "Petrus de Stadeneis, Reinardus de Tul frater eius, Warnerus de Greis, Henricus de Ascha, Reinardus de Hamersbach, Walterus de Domedart" as those who guarded Adhémar Bishop of Le Puy into the mountains towards the port of Simeon after finding the holy lance, dated to mid-1098 from the context[595]. In defiance of Patriarch Daibert, Godefroi's household, under the leadership of his kinsman Warner Comte de Grez [Gray], assured the succession of his brother Baudouin by seizing the citadel of Jerusalem. Despite Warner's death 22 Jul 1100, this show of defiance continued into the Autumn when Robert Bishop of Lydda retrieved Baudouin from Edessa to secure his succession. Albert of Aix records the death of "Warnerus…cognatus" soon after Duke Godefroi died, and his burial "in valle Josaphat in porticu basilicæ sanctæ Mariæ virginis" on the eighth day after the death of the duke[596]. m ADELENDE, daughter of --- (-after 1095). “Garnerus de Greis” donated “allodium...in comitatu Hoyensi...Valllis” to Fosses, with the consent of “fratre suo Henrico nec non et domina Adelende uxore sua...Wigero eiusdem ecclesie advocato” by charter dated 1095, witnessed by “Wigerus advocatus, Arnulfus frater eius, Godefridus, Henricus et Albertus fratres de Namurco, Arnulfus, Johannes, Gualterus et Adelardus filii eius...”[597]. Garnier & his wife had one child:

a) HENRI de Grez . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

E. COMTES de LOOZ

The town of Looz (today Borgloon) is located in the southern part of the Belgian province of Limburg, arrondissement Tongeren, about 15 kilometres west of the Dutch town Maastricht and 20 kilometres north-west of Liège. The medieval county of Looz/Loon lay west of the Maas/Meuse river and north of the territories of the bishopric of Liège. Vanderkindere states that the county of Avernas, to the west of Waremme, was the predecessor of the county of Looz, and suggests that it was one of the four original component counties in Hesbaye which are recorded in the treaty of Meersen dated 870[598]. As an indication that this hypothesis is correct, he cites a charter dated 946 (redated to after 956 by Vanderkindere) which notes an exchange of property, including "villa Lens in comitatu Avernas temporibus Rodulphi comitis" [identified as the ancestor of the comtes de Looz, see below] held by "Goderamnus", between Trier Cathedral and Maastricht St Servatius[599]. The county of Looz itself is referred to in the charter of Baldric Bishop of Liège dated 1016 which records that the advocacy of the church was given to "fratri meo Gisleberto, comitis…de Los"[600], although it is likely that this document was a later forgery. Baerten, after studying the fiefs held by the comtes de Looz, assesses that in the 13th/14th centuries the county covered the territory situated between the duchy of Brabant, the principality of Liège and the river Maas north of the river Geer, and therefore included large parts of Hesbaye, Masau and Taxandria[601]. Baerten also lists in detail various enclaves, belonging principally to Liège, within the county and speculates on its precise extent in the 11th and 12th centuries.

The reconstruction of the early generations of this family is shaky as the primary sources on which it is based are confused and contradictory, as can be seen from the extracts quoted below. The issue is further confused by Mantelius whose reconstruction of the early generations is inconsistent with the primary sources[602]. The question has most recently been studied by Andrew Lancaster who adds a welcome new perspective to explain many of the issues[603]. The chronology suggests that what is shown in the present document could be an accurate representation, but this cannot be guaranteed. It is not known whether other primary sources exist, not yet identified, which could clarify the position.

1. RUDOLF, son of NIBELUNG Graaf van Betuwe & his wife --- de Hainaut (-after 24 Jun 943). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 943 under which [his paternal uncle] “Baldricus...Traiectensis ecclæsie...presul...per manus advocati mei Folberti”, addressing [Rudolf´s mother as] “nobilissime probateque Deo sacrate” [unnamed], granted “res...de abbatia...Hereberc...mansos...Rura, Liethorp, Linne, Sulethum, Flothorp, Ascolon, Malicalieol, Curnelo” to “filius vester...Baldricus in vita sua...post eum Rodulfus frater suus”, for the souls of “genitoris nostri Raineri comitis et insuper Nevelungi senioris vestri”[604]. Mantelius says that Rudolf was the son of Reginar [II] Comte de Hainaut, cited in charters until 24 Jan 966 (see the document HAINAUT)[605]. He does not cite the primary source on which he bases this assertion, but his work on the early generations of the Looz family does not inspire confidence as his reconstruction is inconsistent with the primary sources which are quoted in the present document. [m ---. The name and origin of Rudolf's wife is not known. Vanderkindere suggests that she was ---, daughter of Emmo [Comte de Liège], to explain the transmission of the name “Immo/Emmo” into the Looz family[606], and indicates that Rudolf and this supposed wife were parents of Giselbert Comte de Looz and his two brothers who are shown below[607]. While this cannot be the only explanation for the introduction of “Immo/Emmo” into the Looz family, Vanderkindere also cites the charter dated 1078 under which "Ermengardis comitissa" donated property among which "…allodium…apud Gelmines [Jamine]..." to the church of Saint-Barthélemy de Liège[608], the same property which had been granted to her father Comte Emmo, and suggests that the donor was somehow connected with the same family. As highlighted by Lancaster[609], the main problem with Vanderkindere’s suggestion is that Otto was recorded as the father of Baldric [II] Bishop of Liège as shown below, which indicates the false logic on which Vanderkindere based his argument. The chronological problem with the suggestion is highlighted below.]

Otto is named as father of Baldric [II] Bishop of Liège in the Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium as noted below. As Bishop Baldric is named as brother of Giselbert and Arnaud in other sources, Otto was presumably also their father (unless they were uterine brothers). Other theories about the parentage of the three brothers have been proposed over the years. For example, according to Mantelius, the father of Giselbert and Baldric [II] was "Ludovicus de Los Rudolfi comitis secundo genitus" (no primary source cited)[610]. No trace of this person has been found in the primary sources so far consulted in the preparation of the present document. As noted above, Vanderkindere said that Rudolf, named above, was Giselbert’s father. Lancaster traces Vanderkindere’s suggestion to Butkens, via Joseph Daris, Mantelius (cited above), and Placentius[611]. Not only does he highlight the chronological problem (Rudolf was named in 943, Giselbert in [1044/46]) but he also shows how the story evolved over time, as Butkens originally named “Rodulphe qualifié frere du Comte Raginier III par Frodoard” (therefore identifying him as the son of Reginar [II] Comte de Hainaut, not Rudolf who is named above, see the document HAINAUT) and said that “[les] escripts d’un personnage curieux” name Giselbert and his brothers as that Rudolf’s sons. Butkens suggested that “combien que ceci ne se preuve autrement par quelque Charte ou escript d’autheur ancien, toutes-fois est il assés vraisemblable” because “l’Hasbain et la Taxandrie où les Comtes de Los ont eu leurs principales terres” were in the possession of “[le] Prince Raginier I et de ses enfants”[612]. Lancaster discusses various theories regarding Otto’s possible ancestry, including possible links to the comtes de Valenciennes[613]. The names Otto and Giselbert were also used by the comtes d’Ivois et de Woevre (see the document UPPER LOTHARINGIA NOBILITY).

1. OTTO (-[before 1016]). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ" as wife of "Ottonis comitis de Los", who in the same passage is named as father of Baldric [II] Bishop of Liège[614]. Otto and his wife are not shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[615]. Presumably died before 1016, the date of the charter in which his sons are named (see below). m ---. The name of Otto´s wife is not known. [The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ" as wife of "Ottonis comitis de Los" and the couple as parents of "Baldricus secundus"[616]. If that is correct, Otto’s wife was Liutgarde de Namur, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur & his wife Ermengardis of Lower Lotharingia [Carolingian]. However, it appears chronologically impossible for a daughter of Comte Albert [I] (whose marriage is dated to 990) to have been the mother of Baldric [II] Bishop of Liège (installed as bishop in 1008). Another variation is provided by the Vita Arnulfi which names "Lugerdam, Godam, Ermengardam" as the three sisters of "Albertus comes Namurcensis", and adds that Liutgarde was the mother of "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius", although without naming Liutgarde´s husband[617]. From a chronological point of view, this version is more coherent but, if correct, Liutgarde´s husband would have been Giselbert not Otto. Otto & his wife had three children:

a) GISELBERT (-[1044/46]). His relationship to the Looz family is confirmed by the Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium which names "Baldricus secundus…frater Ghiselbertus", when recording the former's installation as Bishop of Liège, read together with another part of the same passage which names "Baldricus secundus…filius Ottonis comitis de Los ex Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ…"[618]. As noted above, no other reference has been found to the father of Giselbert and Baldric being named Otto. Europäische Stammtafeln shows Giselbert and his brothers as sons of Rudolf[619], although from a chronological point of view this seems unlikely to be correct. Comte de Looz.

- see below.

b) BALDRIC (-29 Jul 1018, bur Monastery St Jacobi). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Baldricus secundus…filius Ottonis comitis de Los ex Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ, Ottonis prefati ducis filie, progenitus, frater Ghiselbertus", when recording his installation as Bishop of Liège[620]. Bishop of Liège 1008. The Annales Quedlinburgenses record the death in 1008 of “Notgerus Laudovicensis episcopus” and the succession of “Baldricus”[621]. Sigebert's Chronica records the appointment in 1008 of "Baldricus Leodicensium episcopus"[622]. The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensis records that “Baldricus” succeeded Notger as bishop of Liège[623]. The Continuatio Gemblacensis of Sigebert's Chronica records in 1015 that "Baldricus episcopus” acquired “Florinensem abbatiam”[624]. "Baldricus…Leodiensis ecclesiæ sacerdos" founded the abbey of Liège Saint-Jacques, in the presence of "fratribus meis Gisleberto…comite de Los et Arnulfo", by charter dated 1016, witnessed by "…Arnulfus comes frater comitis Gisleberti"[625]. Thietmar records the death “IV Kal Aug...in Tiele” of “Baldericus Leodicensis episcopus”[626]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records the death of "Baldricus secundus" specifying that he was buried "in cripta monasterii sancti Iacobi"[627]. The Annales Quedlinburgenses record the death in 1018 of “Baldricus Leodicensis episcopus” and the succession of “Fulmodo”[628]. The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensis records that Baldric died “ipso dia eademque hora qua prælium apud Flardenges” [Vlaerdingen][629].

c) ARNAUD (-after 1016). “Gislebertus et Arnulfus comites fratres mei, Wigerus advocatus, Godefridus de Florines...” witnessed the charter dated 1015 of Baldric Bishop of Liège relating to Hanret and Celles[630]. "Baldricus…Leodiensis ecclesiæ sacerdos" founded the abbey of Liège Saint-Jacques, in the presence of "fratribus meis Gisleberto…comite de Los et Arnulfo", by charter dated 1016, witnessed by "…Arnulfus comes frater comitis Gisleberti"[631]. same person as...? ARNAUD (-before 24 Jan 1040). Vanderkindere suggests this co-identity[632]. Vanderkindere also suggests that Arnaud was the first husband of Ermengarde [Ermentrude], later wife of Gozelon Comte de Montaigu Comte [de Hesbaie], but if that is correct he would have been considerably older than his wife. Heinrich III King of Germany granted "comitatum Arnoldi comitis nomine Haspinga in pago Haspingowi" to the church of Liège by charter dated 24 Jan 1040[633].

GISELBERT, son of [Comte OTTO & his wife ---] (-[1044/46]). His relationship to the Looz family is confirmed by the Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium which names "Baldricus secundus…frater Ghiselbertus", when recording the former's installation as Bishop of Liège, read together with another part of the same passage which names "Baldricus secundus…filius Ottonis comitis de Los ex Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ…"[634]. As noted above, no other reference has been found to the father of Giselbert and Baldric being named Otto. Europäische Stammtafeln shows Giselbert and his brothers as sons of Rudolf[635], although from a chronological point of view this seems unlikely to be correct. Comte de Looz. “Gislebertus et Arnulfus comites fratres mei, Wigerus advocatus, Godefridus de Florines...” witnessed the charter dated 1015 of Baldric Bishop of Liège relating to Hanret and Celles[636]. "Baldricus…Leodiensis ecclesiæ sacerdos" founded the abbey of Liège Saint-Jacques, in the presence of "fratribus meis Gisleberto…comite de Los et Arnulfo", by charter dated 1016, witnessed by "…Arnulfus comes frater comitis Gisleberti"[637]. [“Comitibus hiis: Hecelone, Henrico, Gisilberto, Sibodone, Arnulfo” subscribed the charter dated 1029 under which Poppo Archbishop of Trier deplored damage caused to monasteries and donated “ecclesiam Longuion” to the abbey of Notre-Dame-des-Martyrs[638]. It is not certain whether “Gisilberto” was Giselbert Comte de Duras or Giselbert Comte de Looz.] A charter dated 1031, which records that "Godeschalkus præpositus" founded the church of Saint-Barthélemy near Liège, states that “Baldricus episcopus” had granted “allodium de Butines...de Aila” to “fratris sui Gisleberti comtiis de Lon”[639]. "Chonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed property "in Alsatia et in comitatibus Gisilberti et Wezilonis comitum" to Kloster Peterlingen by charter dated 1027[640]. "Domina Adelaydis comitissa uxor quondam Hludovici comitis" donated property to Verdun Saint-Vanne by undated charter, subscribed by "Gislebertus comes"[641].

m ---. The identity of the wife of Comte Giselbert has not been established beyond doubt. The Vita Arnulfi names "Lugerdam, Godam, Ermengardam" as the three sisters of "Albertus comes Namurcensis", and adds that Liutgarde was the mother of "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius", although without naming Liutgarde´s husband[642]. From a chronological point of view, it appears likely that Emmo and Otto were the sons of Giselbert, although no primary source has so far been found which names their father. If this is correct, Giselbert´s wife was Liutgarde de Namur, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur & his wife Ermengardis of Lower Lotharingia [Carolingian]. As discussed above, another version is provided by the Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium which names "Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ" as wife of "Ottonis comitis de Los" and the couple as parents of "Baldricus secundus"[643]. However, as discussed above, this appears chronologically impossible. Until more information comes to light, it appears preferable to assume that Liutgarde was the mother of Emmo and Otto which, if correct, means that she was probably the wife of Giselbert.

Comte Giselbert & his wife had [three] children:

1. [EMMO [Immo] (-17 Jan 1078). The Vita Arnulfi names "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius" as sons of Liutgarde, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur[644]. From a chronological point of view, it is not possible for Emmo and his brother to have been the children of Otto de Looz who, as stated above, is recorded in another source as the husband of Liutgarde de Namur. No primary source has been identified which confirms that Emmo and Otto were the sons of Comte Giselbert, although this suggested parentage would fit the chronology of the family. Comte de Looz.]

- see below.

2. [OTTO (-before 1088). The Vita Arnulfi names "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius" as sons of Liutgarde, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur[645]. From a chronological point of view, it is not possible for Emmo and his brother to have been the children of Otto de Looz who, as stated above, is recorded in another source as the husband of Liutgarde de Namur. No primary source has been identified which confirms that Emmo and Otto were the sons of Comte Giselbert, although this suggested parentage would fit the chronology of the family. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Ottonem comitem Durachii, fratrem Emmonis comitis de Los" when recording his installation in 1060 as subadvocatus of Saint-Trond[646].]

- COMTES de DURAS.

3. [HERMAN (-after 1047). "Hermannus frater comitis de Los archidiaconus Leodiensis" founded seven canonicates at the church of Looz in 1047[647]. Archdeacon of Liège. Assuming that the death date of Comte Giselbert is correctly shown above, it is likely that Herman was the brother of Comte Emmo.]

EMMO [Immo], son of [GISELBERT Comte de Looz] & his wife [Liutgarde de Namur] (-17 Jan 1078). The Vita Arnulfi names "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius" as sons of Liutgarde, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur[648]. From a chronological point of view, it is not possible for Emmo and his brother to have been the children of Otto de Looz who, as stated above, is recorded in another source as the husband of Liutgarde de Namur. No primary source has been identified which confirms that Emmo and Otto were the sons of Comte Giselbert, although this suggested parentage would fit the chronology of the family. Comte de Looz. “...Ottonis advocati et fratris eius Emmonis comitis de Los, Alberti comitis de Musal...” signed the charter dated 1059 under which “Fredericus...Lothariencium dux” donated a serf to Saint-Trond[649]. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Emononis comitis"[650].

m ---. The identity of the wife of Comte Emmo has not been established beyond doubt. The Annalista Saxo names "Bertrada, soror Suanehildis comitisse de castro quod dicitur Lon in Hasbania, cuius filius fuit Arnoldus comes Mogotiensis prefectus" as wife of Graf Dietrich (identified as Dietrich I Graf von Katlenburg)[651]. As noted in the document HOLLAND, no primary source has been identified which indicates that Bertrada was the daughter of Dirk III Count of Holland. Nevertheless, from a chronological point of view Count Dirk is the most likely father, assuming that Bertrada was a member of that family. "Arnoldus comes Mogotiensis prefectus" in this passage must be identified as Arnaud [I] Comte de Looz, who is recorded as the son of Emmo Comte de Looz. If that is correct, the wife of Emmo was Suanehildis of Holland, daughter of Dirk III "Hierosolymita" Count of Holland & his wife Othelindis [von Haldensleben] (-31 Mar [1100]). From a chronological point of view, the suggestion is feasible: the birth of the children of Count Dirk III must be dated to [1010/35], while Comte Emmo´s children were probably born in [1040/60]. The necrology of Liège Saint-Jacques points to this being the correct solution when it records the death 31 Mar of “Spannehildis comitissima de Los” and her donation[652]. Verdonk indicates that she died in 1100 on a pilgrimage to Rome[653]. [The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that "comitis Arnoldi Lossensis" descended "ex parte matris" from "Cliviæ comitibus"[654], which would be inconsistent with this hypothesis but, as pointed out below, Klaversma notes that this source is a 17th century forgery and is therefore unreliable[655].] [The dubious late-18th century Recueil généalogique de familles originaires des Pays-Bas indicates that Comte Emmo married “Ermingarde, fille héritière de Conrard sire de Hornes et de Machtilde de Juliers, laquelle fit de belles donations à St. Barthelemi de Liège et à notre Dame de Hui”[656]. No primary source is cited to confirm this statement and no reliable reference has been found to any such early family of Heren van Horne (see the document DUTCH NOBILITY). Possibly the statement is linked to the 17th century forgery which suggests that Horne was inherited by Emmo’s son Thierry, as noted below. The reference to the “donations à St. Barthelemi de Liège” suggests that this person was identified as "Ermengardis comitissa" whose donation is dated 1078[657], and presumably also as "Ermengardis" who made similar donations to the churches of Sainte-Marie et Saint-Lambert de Liège by charter dated 5 Feb 1078[658]. No primary source has been found which links Ermengarde to Looz while Daris, in his mid-19th century Histoire de Looz, indicated that the idea had no foundation[659]. It is suggested elsewhere in the present document that the donor in question was the widow of Gozelon Comte de Montaigu.]

Comte Emmo & his wife had [four] children:

1. [SOPHIE ([1044/46]-[1065]). The Vita Arnulfi names "Arnulfum comitem de Lo et Sophiam ducissam de Hungaria…et ducissam de Hui" as the children of Emmo Comte de Looz, adding that Sophie was the mother of "regem de Hungaria"[660]. This manuscript, written at Oudenbourg abbey, is dated to 1220[661]. This is late to be reliable. In addition, the document represents the ancestors of Comte Emmo in a way which is inconsistent with earlier primary sources. "Ducissam de Huy" has not yet been identified. Sophie is identified as the first wife of King Géza in Europäische Stammtafeln[662]. Kerbl, in his analysis concerning Géza I's [second] Byzantine marriage, does not mention this supposed first marriage[663]. If it is correct, the marriage presumably took place while Géza was a hostage at the imperial court, which Kerbl dates to [1062/63][664]. This is consistent with Sophie having been born in [1044/46], which is somewhat earlier than the expected birth dates of Emmo´s other children. As the county of Looz was among the temporal possessions of the Bishop of Liège and, as such, part of the duchy of Lower Lotharingia under the suzerainty of the German emperor, it would not be improbable for a daughter of the comte de Looz to have been staying at the imperial court and for her marriage to have been arranged with another noble visitor. The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that "Sophia de Los, Hungariæ regina, comitis Arnoldi Lossensis soror" sent letters to her brother after hearing that he intended to found Averboden abbey[665]. This report is clearly anachronistic as the abbey in question was founded in 1135, when Sophie de Looz could not possibly have been queen of Hungary. The question remains whether Sophie´s supposed marriage to King Géza I is based on speculation, suggested by an as yet unidentified secondary source which was trying to make some sense of the passages in the Vita Arnulfi and the Vita Andreæ by identifying the most likely Hungarian king who could have been Sophie´s husband. Until further sources come to light, it has been decided to show Sophie de Looz in square brackets. Whatever the truth of the matter, the chronology of the births of King Géza´s older children suggests that their mother could not have been the Byzantine wife whom he married in [1066/75]. m ([1062]) as his first wife, GÉZA I King of Hungary, son of BÉLA I King of Hungary & his wife [Ryksa] of Poland ([in Poland] [1044/45]-25 Apr 1077, bur Vac).]

2. ARNAUD [I] ([1050/60]-after 1125). The Vita Arnulfi names "Arnulfum comitem de Lo et Sophiam ducissam de Hungaria…et ducissam de Hui" as the children of Emmo Comte de Looz[666]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "nepote suo [=Gislebertus] comite Arnulfo de Los"[667], although another passage names "Arnulfus comes de Los, nepos Ghislberti comitis de Durachio"[668] suggesting that the former also refers to Count Arnaud's cousin not his grandfather. Comte de Looz.

- see below.

3. THIERRY de Looz (-after 1 Apr 1125). "...Comes Arnoldus de Lon, frater eius Theodericus..." witnessed the charter dated 1096 under which "Ida...filii mei ducis Godefridi" donated property to Münster-Bilsen abbey[669]. “...Comes Gerardus, comes de Los, Arnulfus, et frater eius Theodericus...” witnessed the charter dated 1 Jun 1101 under which Emperor Heinrich IV confirmed the rights of “Albertus comes Namucensium” over the church of Andenne[670]. “Comite et advocato Giselberto...filio eius Ottone, comite, Teoderico de Los...” signed the charter dated 1 Apr 1108 by which “Froweken” declared herself of the family of Saint-Trond[671]. "Arnulfus comes Lonensis et frater eius Theodericus" subscribed the charter dated 1111 under which "Otbertus…Leodiensis episcopus" declared that the church of Lixhe belonged to Liège Saint-Paul[672]. "...Arnulfo comite de Los, advocato Sancti Jacobi...Theodericus frater comitis Arnulphi..." witnessed the charter dated 1 Apr 1125 under which Emperor Heinrich V confirmed a donation to Liège Saint-Jacques made by "Guda mulier nobilis"[673]. [Graaf van Horne.] [The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that in 1131 "Walravium Limburgi comitem, Lotharingiæ inferioris ducem" wished to install "fratrem suum Henricum in præpositura sancti Lamberti Leodii", which was opposed by "Rainerum de Los præpositum de Fosse, Arnoldi comitis Lossensis fratrem natu minorem, et Theodoricum de Los primum dominum de Hornes", and that Emperor Lothaire appointed "Hermannum de Hornes S. Gereonis præpositum dicti Raineri nepotem, Guidonem de Limburgo sancti Lamberti canonicum etiam dicti Hermanni nepotem…Godefridum comitem de Vianden" to arbitrate the dispute[674]. Klaversma notes that this source is a 17th century forgery and is therefore unreliable[675].] m ---. The name of Thierry's wife is not known. Thierry & his wife had [three] children:

a) [THIERRY (-after 1147). Graaf van Horne. "Theodoricus dominus Hornensis" acknowledged receipt of money from "Arnulphum dominum et avunculum comitem Lossensem" and also holding the castle of Horne from him, by charter dated 1147, witnessed by "Theodorici comitis de Hostade, generi nostri Godefridi comitis Durasii, Giselberti subadvocati sancti Trudonis, Alberonis Lossensis et Arnoldi domini de Stinvort, fratrum et cognatorum nostrorum, Arnoldi d. de Peterssem, Theodorici d. de Walicuria, Waltheri d. de Beaufort, Reinaldi d. de Marchin, et Winandi d. de Altafalesia, militum"[676].]

b) [HERMAN (-31 Jan 1156, bur Utrecht Cathedral). The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that in 1131 "Walravium Limburgi comitem, Lotharingiæ inferioris ducem" wished to install "fratrem suum Henricum in præpositura sancti Lamberti Leodii", which was opposed by "Rainerum de Los præpositum de Fosse, Arnoldi comitis Lossensis fratrem natu minorem, et Theodoricum de Los primum dominum de Hornes", and that Emperor Lothaire appointed "Hermannum de Hornes S. Gereonis præpositum dicti Raineri nepotem, Guidonem de Limburgo sancti Lamberti canonicum etiam dicti Hermanni nepotem…Godefridum comitem de Vianden" to arbitrate the dispute[677]. Klaversma, noting that this source is a 17th century forgery, concludes that Herman probably belonged to the genus Horninga and was not a member of the Horn family[678]. Archdeacon of St Lambert, Liège 1136. Provost of St Gereon, Köln 1149/51. Bishop of Utrecht 1150.]

c) [--- . m ---. One child:]

i) [GUY van Limburg . The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that in 1131 "Walravium Limburgi comitem, Lotharingiæ inferioris ducem" wished to install "fratrem suum Henricum in præpositura sancti Lamberti Leodii", which was opposed by "Rainerum de Los præpositum de Fosse, Arnoldi comitis Lossensis fratrem natu minorem, et Theodoricum de Los primum dominum de Hornes", and that Emperor Lothar appointed "Hermannum de Hornes S. Gereonis præpositum dicti Raineri nepotem, Guidonem de Limburgo sancti Lamberti canonicum etiam dicti Hermanni nepotem…Godefridum comitem de Vianden" to arbitrate the dispute[679].]

4. [RENAUD . The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that in 1131 "Walravium Limburgi comitem, Lotharingiæ inferioris ducem" wished to install "fratrem suum Henricum in præpositura sancti Lamberti Leodii", which was opposed by "Rainerum de Los præpositum de Fosse, Arnoldi comitis Lossensis fratrem natu minorem, et Theodoricum de Los primum dominum de Hornes", and that Emperor Lothaire appointed "Hermannum de Hornes S. Gereonis præpositum dicti Raineri nepotem, Guidonem de Limburgo sancti Lamberti canonicum etiam dicti Hermanni nepotem…Godefridum comitem de Vianden" to arbitrate the dispute[680]. The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that "Reginaldum fratrem suum præpositum de Fosse" sent donations to "comitis Arnoldi Lossensis" after hearing that he intended to found Averboden abbey[681].]

ARNAUD [I] de Looz, son of EMMO Comte de Looz & his wife [Suanehildis of Holland] ([1050/60]-after 1 Apr 1125). The Vita Arnulfi names "Arnulfum comitem de Lo et Sophiam ducissam de Hungaria…et ducissam de Hui" as the children of Emmo Comte de Looz[682]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "nepote suo [=Gislebertus] comite Arnulfo de Los"[683], although another passage names "Arnulfus comes de Los, nepos Ghislberti comitis de Durachio"[684] suggesting that the former also refers to Count Arnaud's cousin not his grandfather. Comte de Looz. Vogt of St Pierre, Liège 1086. “Comites Cono, Arnuldus de Loz, Reinerus, advocatus...” subscribed the charter dated to [25 Dec 1094/23 Sep 1095] under which Otobert Bishop of Liège donated “allodium de Hildenesen in Taxandria...et unum mansum in Herlechen” to the chapter of the Holy Cross, Liège[685]. "...Comes Arnoldus de Lon, frater eius Theodericus..." witnessed the charter dated 1096 under which "Ida...filii mei ducis Godefridi" donated property to Münster-Bilsen abbey[686]. "…Arnulfus comes de Loz…" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Henri de Verdun Bishop of Liège approved the foundation of Flône[687]. “...Comes Gerardus, comes de Los, Arnulfus, et frater eius Theodericus, Gislebertus filius comitis Ottonis, Heinricus de Chui, Reinerus advocatus, Wilelmus de Dolchen, Arnulphus de Roden, Wigerus de Tudino, Mainerus de Cortereces...” witnessed the charter dated 1 Jun 1101 under which Emperor Heinrich IV confirmed the rights of “Albertus comes Namucensium” over the church of Andenne[688]. Stadtgraf und Vogt von Mainz: “Arnoldus Urbanus Comes...” witnessed the charter dated 11 May 1108 under which Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the foundation of Kloster Disibodenberg[689]. "Arnulfus comes Lonensis et frater eius Theodericus" subscribed the charter dated 1111 under which "Otbertus…Leodiensis episcopus" declared that the church of Lixhe belonged to Liège Saint-Paul[690]. "Comes Arnoldus, comes Emicho, comes Berhtolfus, Embricho camerarius et filii eius Salman et Embricho…" witnessed the charter dated 1112 under which Ceizolf Provost of St Johann at Mainz donated property[691]. Graf von Rieneck 1115. "Ludowicus de Turingia comes, Arnoldus urbis comes, Sigehardus comes, Bertolfus comes, Ludewicus comes, Gozwinus comes…" witnessed the charter dated 20 Jun 1118 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property "in placito Ludwici comitis" to Kloster St Johannes auf dem Bischofsberge, after the death of "Hildrudis vidue Wulferici ministerialis nostri"[692]. "Arnoldus comes, Gerlahus comes, Embricho vicedominus…" witnessed the charter dated 1119, before 15 Aug, under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz granted property to Stift St Maria at Mainz[693]. “...Arnoldus urbis prefectus...” witnessed the charter dated 1124 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the foundation of a monastery of Gerode in Eichsfeld[694]. "...Arnulfo comite de Los, advocato Sancti Jacobi...Theodericus frater comitis Arnulphi..." witnessed the charter dated 1 Apr 1125 under which Emperor Heinrich V confirmed a donation to Liège Saint-Jacques made by "Guda mulier nobilis"[695]. "Comes Arnulfus de Los et filius eius Arnolfus" witnessed a charter of Adalbéron Bishop of Liège dated 1125[696]. Daris suggests that this is the last known mention of Comte Arnaud [I] and that the other later sources which name Comte Arnaud refer to his son Comte Arnaud [II] (see below)[697]. He bases his speculation on the career of Arnaud [I], whose first mention he dates to 27 Mar 1082 (no source cited), which he assesses to have been too long if he had survived until after 1136. This suggestion is consistent with the chronology of the succeeding generations of the Looz family which, as can be seen below, appears more cogent with an additional generation inserted between Arnaud [I] and Louis [I].

m AGNES von Mainz, daughter of GERHARD Graf von Mainz & his wife Hedwig von Bliescastel. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified, although it is indicated in the sources quoted above in which her husband is named as Graf von Mainz.

Arnaud [I] & his wife had [two] children:

1. ARNAUD (-after 1125). "Comes Arnulfus de Los et filius eius Arnolfus" witnessed a charter of Adalbéron Bishop of Liège dated 1125[698]. [same person as…? ARNAUD [II] ([1095/1105]-11 Apr, after 1136). Comte de Looz. As noted above, Daris suggests that there were two comtes de Looz named Arnaud, basing his argument on chronology which appears to be cogent[699]. "…Comitis Arnulfi [comte de Looz], Arnulfi de Arescloth…" witnessed the charter dated 1131, before 18 Mar, under which Alexander Bishop of Liège donated property to Flône[700]. "…Arnoldus Moguntinus comes…" witnessed the charter dated 1132, after 13 Sep, under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property "in pago…Weitereibia…in comitatu Sigefridi comitis de Nuringes" to Mainz cathedral[701]. "Arnoldus…comes de Los cum Lodovico filio meo" founded Averboden abbey by charter dated 1135[702]. Alexander Bishop of Liège confirmed the foundation of Averboden abbey by "comes Ernulfus de Los assensu…Ernulfi de Arscot, Ernulfi de Dist, Cunonis de Repe…" by undated charter, dated to [1136][703]. "Arnoldus…comes de Los cum Lodovico filio meo" donated property to Averboden abbey, which they had founded, by undated charter, dated to [1136][704]. Alexander Bishop of Liège confirmed the foundation of Averboden abbey by "comes Ernulfus de Los", with the consent of "Ernulfi de Arscot, Ernulfi de Dist, Cunonis de Repe", by undated charter, dated to [1136][705]. "Comes de Claromonte Lambertus" granted the right to take wood from his forests in "predicti castelli" to the monks of Flône by charter dated 1136, witnessed by "comes Arnulfus de Los, comes Gislebertus de Duras, Walterus advocatus de Barz…"[706]. m [ALEIDE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the spurious charter dated 23 Jun 1180 under which her supposed grandson "Robertus de Ghoer miles, dominus in Bierlos et Castri Stephani in Corswarem" donated revenue from property which supplemented the donation made by "Arnoldo comite de Los et Aleide avis meis", for the souls of "patris mei Johannis de Los domini de Ghoer…"[707]. Borman suggests that this charter, whose authenticity was first doubted in 1808, was written in [1720] in an attempt to convince the Corswarem family of their alleged descent from the comtes de Looz[708]. While the existence of her alleged son and grandson Jean and Robert cannot be verified by other sources, it is possible that the forger of the document used the correct name of the wife of Arnaud [II] Comte de Looz to support the authenticity of his production. No primary source has yet been identified which confirms that this speculation is correct.] Comte Arnaud [II] & his wife had [five] children:

a) LOUIS [I] ([1125/30]-11 Aug 1171). "Arnoldus…comes de Los cum Lodovico filio meo" founded Averboden abbey by charter dated 1135[709]. Comte de Looz. Stadtgraf von Mainz 1159/62. Graf von Rieneck 1155/59. Vogt von Averbode.

- see below.

b) GERARD (-after 1138). A charter dated to [1138/44] records the ratification of the exchange of property between "Godescalcus…frater comitis Gerhardi de Lo" and the church of Rees[710]. Graf von Rieneck 1136/1139.

c) GOTTSCHALK (-after 1138). A charter dated to [1138/44] records the ratification of the exchange of property between "Godescalcus…frater comitis Gerhardi de Lo" and the church of Rees, witnessed by "…Otto comes, Adolfus comes, Kristian de Wieflinchovin, Engelbertus de Hornin…"[711].

d) IMAGINE . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Abbess of Süsteren 1174.

e) [JEAN de Looz . His parentage is confirmed only by the spurious charter dated 23 Jun 1180 (probably written in [1720], as noted above) under which his son "Robertus de Ghoer miles, dominus in Bierlos et Castri Stephani in Corswarem" donated revenue from property which supplemented the donation made by "Arnoldo comite de Los et Aleide avis meis", for the souls of "patris mei Johannis de Los domini de Ghoer, matris mee Sophie…"[712]. Seigneur de Ghoer. m SOPHIE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed only by the spurious charter dated 23 Jun 1180 (probably written in [1720], as noted above) under which her son "Robertus de Ghoer miles, dominus in Bierlos et Castri Stephani in Corswarem" donated revenue from property for the souls of "patris mei Johannis de Los domini de Ghoer, matris mee Sophie…"[713]. Jean & his wife had one child:]

i) [ROBERT de Ghoer (-after 23 Jun 1180). His parentage is confirmed only by the spurious charter dated 23 Jun 1180 (probably written in [1720], as noted above) under which "Robertus de Ghoer miles, dominus in Bierlos et Castri Stephani in Corswarem", on his deathbed, donated revenue from property "in territorio de Borchworm, de Corswarem, de Villa nova, et Beticoven" supplementing the donation made by "Arnoldo comite de Los et Aleide avis meis", for the souls of "patris mei Johannis de Los domini de Ghoer, matris mee Sophie, uxoris mee Marie…Arnoldi de Diest patris sui et dictorum locorum domini", with the consent of "filiorum meorum Arnoldi clerici, Fastrati et Roberti militum et filiarum mearum Iduberge et Begghe", witnessed by "…Arnoldus de Diest et Arnoldus filius suus milites cognati mei…"[714]. This document shows that Robert inherited his rights in Berlo and Château-Saint-Etienne at Corswarem from his father-in-law. m MARIE van Diest, daughter of ARNOUT [II] van Diest & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed only by the spurious charter dated 23 Jun 1180 (probably written in [1720], as noted above) under which her husband "Robertus de Ghoer miles, dominus in Bierlos et Castri Stephani in Corswarem" donated revenue from property for the souls of "…uxoris mee Marie…Arnoldi de Diest patris sui et dictorum locorum domini", witnessed by "…Arnoldus de Diest et Arnoldus filius suus milites cognati mei…"[715]. Robert & his wife had five children:]

(a) [FASTRAD . His parentage is confirmed only by the spurious charter dated 23 Jun 1180 (probably written in [1720], as noted above) under which "Robertus de Ghoer miles, dominus in Bierlos et Castri Stephani in Corswarem" donated revenue from property with the consent of "filiorum meorum Arnoldi clerici, Fastrati et Roberti militum et filiarum mearum Iduberge et Begghe"[716].]

(b) [ROBERT . His parentage is confirmed only by the spurious charter dated 23 Jun 1180 (probably written in [1720], as noted above) under which "Robertus de Ghoer miles, dominus in Bierlos et Castri Stephani in Corswarem" donated revenue from property with the consent of "filiorum meorum Arnoldi clerici, Fastrati et Roberti militum et filiarum mearum Iduberge et Begghe"[717].]

(c) [ARNOLD . His parentage is confirmed only by the spurious charter dated 23 Jun 1180 (probably written in [1720], as noted above) under which "Robertus de Ghoer miles, dominus in Bierlos et Castri Stephani in Corswarem" donated revenue from property with the consent of "filiorum meorum Arnoldi clerici, Fastrati et Roberti militum et filiarum mearum Iduberge et Begghe"[718].]

(d) [IDUBERGE . Her parentage is confirmed only by the spurious charter dated 23 Jun 1180 (probably written in [1720], as noted above) under which "Robertus de Ghoer miles, dominus in Bierlos et Castri Stephani in Corswarem" donated revenue from property with the consent of "filiorum meorum Arnoldi clerici, Fastrati et Roberti militum et filiarum mearum Iduberge et Begghe"[719].]

(e) [BEGGHE . Her parentage is confirmed only by the spurious charter dated 23 Jun 1180 (probably written in [1720], as noted above) under which "Robertus de Ghoer miles, dominus in Bierlos et Castri Stephani in Corswarem" donated revenue from property with the consent of "filiorum meorum Arnoldi clerici, Fastrati et Roberti militum et filiarum mearum Iduberge et Begghe"[720].]

2. [BEATRIX [de Looz] (-after 1132). The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that "dominam Beatricem de Los, comitissam de Aerschot" sent donations to "comitis Arnoldi Lossensis" after hearing that he intended to found Averboden abbey[721]. This is the only reference yet found to the the wife of Arnout Graaf van Aarschot. If it is correct, it must refer to Graaf Arnout [III] who witnessed the charter dated to [1136] by which Alexander Bishop of Liège confirmed the foundation of Averboden abbey by "comes Ernulfus de Los"[722]. Although the source does not specify the relationship between Beatrix and Arnaud Comte de Looz, the chronology suggests that they could have been brother and sister. In line with the speculation of Daris concerning the existence of two comtes de Looz named Arnaud, from a chronological point of view it appears likely that Beatrix was the sister of Comte Arnaud [II]. However, the Vita Andreæ is a late source and is not reliable on all points of detail. The extent to which the report is accurate is therefore difficult to assess. m ARNOUT [III] Graaf van Aarschot, son of --- ([1080/1100]-after [1136]).]

LOUIS [I] de Looz, son of ARNAUD [II] Comte de Looz, Graf von Rieneck & his wife [Aleide ---] ([1125/30]-11 Aug 1171). "Arnoldus…comes de Los cum Lodovico filio meo" founded Averboden abbey by charter dated 1135[723]. "Arnoldus…comes de Los cum Lodovico filio meo" donated property to Averboden abbey, which they had founded, by charter dated 1135[724]. Comte de Looz. "Ludovicus…comes in Los" confirmed donations to Averboden abbey, including the donation by "comes de Duras…Godinus", by undated charter, dated 1154[725]. The Annales Sancti Disibodi (Continuatio) name "…Luodewicus comes de Lohim…" among those present with the king when he celebrated Christmas at Worms in 1155[726]. Stadtgraf von Mainz 1159/62. Graf von Rieneck 1155/59. Vogt von Averbode.

m AGNES von Metz, daughter of FOLMAR [VIII] Graf von Metz und Homburg & his wife Mechtild von Dagsburg (-before 1180). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Heiress of Longwy. "Agnes…Comitissa de Los…quam filii mei" donated the hospital of Grathem to the abbey of Villers by charter dated 1174 which names "domino nostro Ludovico comite"[727]. “Gerardus...comes de Los dominaque matre mea Agneta comitissa filioque eius Hugone fratre meo” granted privileges to “ville nostre de Brustemie”, with the consent of “Rogero...de Curtereces et sorore eius Yda”, by charter dated 1175[728].

Comte Louis [I] & his wife had seven children:

1. AGNES (-26 Mar 1191, bur Scheyern). Wegener cites a source dated [1156/58] which names "Otto pal. comes" and his wife Agnes[729]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not so far been identified. If it is correct, the date of her marriage suggests that she was one of her parents´ older children. The necrology of Scheftlarn records the death "VII Kal Apr" of "Agnes ducissa"[730]. The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "VII Kal Apr" of "Agnes ducissa Bavarie"[731]. The necrology of Weltenburg records the death "VII Kal Mar" of "Agnes ducissa"[732]. m ([1156/58] or before) OTTO von Wittelsbach, son of OTTO [IV] von Scheyern Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach & his wife Heilika von Pettendorf (-Pfullendorf 11 Jul 1183, bur Scheyern). Pfalzgraf 1149. Duke of Bavaria 1180.

2. ARNAUD . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1147-1155, 1159.

3. GERARD [II] ([1145/50]-after 1194). Comte de Looz 1171/82. “Gerardus...comes de Los dominaque matre mea Agneta comitissa filioque eius Hugone fratre meo” granted privileges to “ville nostre de Brustemie”, with the consent of “Rogero...de Curtereces et sorore eius Yda”, by charter dated 1175[733]. Graf von Rieneck 1179/87.

- see below.

4. HUGUES (-after 1175). “Gerardus...comes de Los dominaque matre mea Agneta comitissa filioque eius Hugone fratre meo” granted privileges to “ville nostre de Brustemie”, with the consent of “Rogero...de Curtereces et sorore eius Yda”, by charter dated 1175[734]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records the death in [1172] (which must be incorrectly dated in light of the charter dated 1175 quoted above) of "Hugo…etate quidam inferior… frater eiusdem Gerardi [=Gerardus comes Lonensis", and refers to his surviving wife without giving her name[735]. m --- (-after 1175). The name of the wife of Hugues is not known. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records the death in [1172] (which must be incorrectly dated in light of the charter dated 1175 quoted above) of "Hugo…etate quidam inferior… frater eiusdem Gerardi [=Gerardus comes Lonensis", and refers to his surviving wife without giving her name[736].

5. BONNE (-after 1202). "Gerardus…comes de Los" donated property to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, with the consent of "uxoris nostre et heredum nostrorum", by charter dated 1194 witnessed by "Aleidis uxor nostra comitissa de Los, Ludovicus filius noster, Guda soror nostra de Grymberghe, Ysmena soror nostra quandoque Lotharingiæ ducissa…"[737]. "Walterus Bertholdus…cum coniuge mea Guda filiisque Waltero et Sophia uxore sua et Egidio" confirmed a donation to Everbode by charter dated 1200[738]. “Walterus Bertouyt et uxor mea Goda et filii nostri Walterus Bertout et Egidius” granted freedom from tolls to Dunes abbey by charter dated 1202[739]. m WALTER [III] Berthout Heer van Grimbergen, son of WALTER [II] Berthout Heer van Mechelen & his wife [Margareta van Grimbergen] (-after 1202).

6. IMAGINE (-5 Jun 1214). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium refers to "Godefrido Lovanensi duce" as "sororio suo [=Gerardus comes Lonensis]"[740], but does not name his wife. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Godefridus" married "Ymaynam, filiam comitis Lossensis" after his first wife died[741]. "Godefridus…Dux et Marchio Lotharingie", at the request of "uxoris nostre Imaine ducisse Lotharingie", confirmed the donations to Averboden by "frater eius comes Gerardus de Loen", by charter dated 1188[742]. "Gerardus…comes de Los" donated property to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, with the consent of "uxoris nostre et heredum nostrorum", by charter dated 1194 witnessed by "Aleidis uxor nostra comitissa de Los, Ludovicus filius noster, Guda soror nostra de Grymberghe, Ysmena soror nostra quandoque Lotharingiæ ducissa…"[743]. Abbess of Münsterbilsen 1203. The necrology of Everbode records the death "pridiæ non Iun" of "Imainæ quondam ducisse Brabantiæ et abbatissæ Bilisiæ"[744]. m (1172 or after) as his second wife, GODEFROI VII Duke of Lower Lotharingia, son of GODEFROI VI Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Duke of Louvain & his wife Lutgardis von Sulzbach (1142-10 Aug 1190, bur Louvain, église collégiale de Saint Pierre).

7. LAURETTE (-before 1184). The Genealogica ex Stirpe Sancti Arnulfi names "Loreta filia comitis de Los" as wife of "Theobaldus comes de Monceons"[745]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Loretam filiam comitis Ludovici, sororem comitis Geraudi Losensis dyocesis Leodiensis" as first wife of "comes Barri Theobaldus"[746]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. Heiress of Longwy. m firstly (divorced 1174) GILLES Comte de Duras, de Montaigu et de Clermont, son of GODEFROI Comte de Montaigu, de Clermont et de Duras & his wife Juliane de Duras (-before 1193). m secondly ([1176]) as his first wife, THIBAUT de Bar Seigneur de Briey, Steinay and Longwy, son of RENAUD II Comte de Bar & his wife Agnes de Blois ([1160]-12/13 Feb 1214, bur Saint-Mihiel). He succeeded his brother in 1190 as THIBAUT I Comte de Bar.

GERARD [II] de Looz, son of LOUIS [I] Comte de Looz & his wife Agnes von Metz ([1145/50]-after 1194). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Looz 1171/82. “Gerardus...comes de Los dominaque matre mea Agneta comitissa filioque eius Hugone fratre meo” granted privileges to “ville nostre de Brustemie”, with the consent of “Rogero...de Curtereces et sorore eius Yda”, by charter dated 1175[747]. Graf von Rieneck 1179/87. Vogt of Mainz St Peter and of the church of St Peter & St Alexander at Aschaffenburg: "Gerhardus Moguntine civitatis Prefectus et Aschaffenburgensis ecclesie advocatus, per manum uxoris mee Adelheidis" sold property "in Bessenbach et Hegebach sitas" to the archbishopric of Mainz by charter dated 28 Mar 1187[748]. "Godefridus…Dux et Marchio Lotharingie", at the request of "uxoris nostre Imaine ducisse Lotharingie", confirmed the donations to Averboden by "frater eius comes Gerardus de Loen", by charter dated 1188[749]. “Comite Gerhardo de Rineche et uxore eiusdem Adelheide comitissa” consented to the church of Würzburg buying “prædium Ronvelt et Roth” by charter dated Apr 1189[750]. "Gerardus…comes de Los" donated property to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, with the consent of "uxoris nostre et heredum nostrorum", by charter dated 1194 witnessed by "Aleidis uxor nostra comitissa de Los, Ludovicus filius noster, Guda soror nostra de Grymberghe, Ysmena soror nostra quandoque Lotharingiæ ducissa…"[751].

m (before 1179) ADELHEID van Gelre, daughter of HEINRICH Graaf van Gelre & his wife Agnes von Arnstein. "Gerhardus Moguntine civitatis Prefectus et Aschaffenburgensis ecclesie advocatus, per manum uxoris mee Adelheidis" sold property "in Bessenbach et Hegebach sitas" to the archbishopric of Mainz by charter dated 28 Mar 1187[752]. “Comite Gerhardo de Rineche et uxore eiusdem Adelheide comitissa” consented to the church of Würzburg buying “prædium Ronvelt et Roth” by charter dated Apr 1189[753]. "Gerardus…comes de Los" donated property to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, with the consent of "uxoris nostre et heredum nostrorum", by charter dated 1194 witnessed by "Aleidis uxor nostra comitissa de Los, Ludovicus filius noster, Guda soror nostra de Grymberghe, Ysmena soror nostra quandoque Lotharingiæ ducissa…"[754]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. 1179/1213.

Comte Gérard [II] & his wife had [ten] children:

1. LOUIS [II] (-29/30 Jul 1218). "Gerardus…comes de Los" donated property to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, with the consent of "uxoris nostre et heredum nostrorum", by charter dated 1194 witnessed by "Aleidis uxor nostra comitissa de Los, Ludovicus filius noster, Guda soror nostra de Grymberghe, Ysmena soror nostra quandoque Lotharingiæ ducissa…"[755]. His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 1213 under which "Louis comte de Looz" confirmed a donation to Herckenrode by "son père Gérard comte de Looz"[756]. Comte de Looz. "Henricus dux Lotharingiæ et marchio et…Luduicus comes de Lon" agreed to divide "terram de Mussal" if "comes de Dasborc" died without heirs by charter dated 1197[757]. He claimed to succeed his wife in 1203 as LODEWIJK I Count of Holland, deposed in 1206. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Wilhelmus comes Orientalis Frisie" conspired after the death of his brother Count Dirk VII in 1203, with the support of "Florencius frater suus Traiectensis prepositus, Otto comes de Benthem ipsius patruus" and others, against "Ludovicum comitem de Loon…ac Adelheidim Hollandie viduam", in a later passage recording that "Ludovicus comes de Loen" was defeated and expelled from Holland[758]. “Lodowicus comes de Los” resigned “castrum de Chalmunt...suum...alodium” to Henri I Duke of Brabant by charter dated [14 Oct/24 Dec] 1206, which names “obsides comitis: Rogerus de Merehem, Theodericus de Althena...”[759]. "Ludewicus comes de Lon et Heinricus prepositus Traiectensis et Arnoldus frater eius et Ada comitissa" donated property to Eberbach, at the request of "fratris nostri Gerhardi comitis de Renecken", by charter dated 1213[760]. "Gerhardo comite de Rinecke" sold “predium suum in Ingelnheim et Isenhiem” to Erbach, with the consent of “fratres comitis memorati Ludwicus comes de Lon et...Heinricus Traiectensis et Aschaffinb. prepositus atque Ada comitissa”, and guaranteeing the consent of “Arnoldo fratre ipsius comitis qui nunc in Anglia obses tenetur”, by charter dated 10 May 1213[761]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1218 of "comes de Los Ludovicus"[762]. m (Dordrecht [5] Nov 1203) ADA of Holland, daughter of DIRK VII Count of Holland & his wife Adelheid von Kleve ([1188]-after 12 Mar 1226). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Adelheidim et Adam" as the two daughters of Count Dirk VII & his wife, specifying that Ada was betrothed to "Ludovicus comes de Loon" against the wishes of the people of Holland[763]. The Annales Egmundani record the betrothal in 1203 of "filiam suam [=Theodericus comes Hollandiæ] Ada" to "comiti de Lone", specifying that the county was transferred to the latter[764]. The Gesta Episcopum Traiectensium refers to "Theoderico comite Hollandie filia sua unica" when recording her marriage to "Lodowico comiti de Loen" after her father's death[765]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Ludovicus de Loon" came "ab Holtena Dordracum" where his marriage to "Adelheidis comitisse…Adam puellam de regali stirpe progenita" immediately after her father's death and before he was buried[766]. She succeeded her father in 1203 as ADA Ctss of Holland, but was deposed by her uncle the same year. "Ludewicus comes de Lon et Heinricus prepositus Traiectensis et Arnoldus frater eius et Ada comitissa" donated property to Eberbach, at the request of "fratris nostri Gerhardi comitis de Renecken", by charter dated 1213[767]. "Domina Ada comitissa de Los et domina Y. de Heinsberghe…" witnessed a charter dated 1220 under which Dirk [I] Heer van Heinsberg in favour of Herkenrode abbey[768]. "Hinricus comes Seinensis et uxor eius Mechtildis et Ada quondam comitissa de Lois" donated "quicquid iuris habebant in bonis Conradi militis de Molandino" to the Knights Templars, except for advocatius of "S. Gertrudis in Brole" which Graf Heinrich did not renounce, by charter dated 12 Mar 1226[769].

2. GERARD [III] (-[15 May/24 Oct] 1216). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 10 May 1213 which confirmed the sale by "Gerhardo comite de Rinecke" of property "in Ingelheim et Isenheim" to Eberbach convent, approved by "fratres comitis memorati, Ludwicus comes de Lon et…Heinricus Trajectensis et Aschaffenburg prepositus atque Ada comitissa"[770]. Graf von Rieneck.

- see below.

3. ARNAUD [III] (-[12 Feb/20 Sep] 1221). "Gerhardo comite de Rinecke" sold “predium suum in Ingelnheim et Isenhiem” to Erbach, with the consent of “fratres comitis memorati Ludwicus comes de Lon et...Heinricus Traiectensis et Aschaffinb. prepositus atque Ada comitissa”, and guaranteeing the consent of “Arnoldo fratre ipsius comitis qui nunc in Anglia obses tenetur”, by charter dated 10 May 1213[771]. "Ludewicus comes de Lon et Heinricus prepositus Traiectensis et Arnoldus frater eius et Ada comitissa" donated property to Eberbach, at the request of "fratris nostri Gerhardi comitis de Renecken", by charter dated 1213[772]. His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 1218 under which "Louis comte de Looz" confirmed a donation to Herckenrode, with the consent of "ses frères Henri et Arnold"[773]. Graf von Rieneck 1213/21. Comte de Looz 1218/20. m (1206) as her first husband, ALEIDIS de Brabant, daughter of HENRI I "le Guerroyeur" Duke of Brabant & his first wife Mathilde de Flandre (-[5 Feb 1261/1267]). The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ refers to the third of the four daughters of "Henricus dux" as the wife of "comes de Alvernia" and mother of "Robertum comitem Bolonie et Alvernie et fratres eius et sorores"[774]. She married secondly ([1 Feb 1224/3 Feb 1225]) as his second wife, Guillaume [X] Comte d'Auvergne. "Willelmus…comes Arverniæ et Aleydis quondam comitissa de Los" renounced an inheritance from "dominus dux Lotharingiæ", presumably in connection with their forthcoming marriage although the document does not specify this, by charter dated 1 Feb 1224[775]. She married thirdly ([1247/21 Apr 1251]) as his [second/third] wife, Arnout [II] Heer van Wesemaal. "Robertus comes Claremontis et Alverniæ, Aleydis mater eius, et Arnoldus dominus de Wensemale maritus" confirmed agreement concerning property by charter dated 21 Apr 1251[776]. Her third marriage is confirmed by a letter dated 1260 from "Ernoul chevalier Seigneur de Wesemale et Alys que fu contesse d´Auvergne sa femme" granted their rights in the county of Boulogne to "nostre cousine germaine la contesse Mahaut de Boloigne"[777]. "Robertus comes Alverniæ" confirmed his agreement with Henri Duke of Brabant that, if “Arnoldum dominum de Wesemale” died before “domina Aleyde comitissa Arverniæ uxore sua”, the latter would be invested with the county of Boulogne, by charter dated 5 Feb 1260 (O.S.)[778].

4. HENRI (-2 Aug 1218). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 10 May 1213 which confirmed the sale by "Gerhardo comite de Rinecke" of property "in Ingelheim et Isenheim" to Eberbach convent, approved by "fratres comitis memorati, Ludwicus comes de Lon et…Heinricus Trajectensis et Aschaffenburg prepositus atque Ada comitissa"[779]. "Ludewicus comes de Lon et Heinricus prepositus Traiectensis et Arnoldus frater eius et Ada comitissa" donated property to Eberbach, at the request of "fratris nostri Gerhardi comitis de Renecken", by charter dated 1213[780]. Canon of St Lambert at Liège. Provost of the Franciscans at Maastricht [1200]/1213. Provost of St Alexander at Aschaffenburg 1209/1216. "Gerhardus comes de Renekken…domine Cunegundis comitisse uxoris sue" donated property to Eberbach, with the consent of "suorum heredum…Ludewici comitis de Lon et domini Heinrici Traiectensis et Aschaffenburgensis prepositi", by charter dated 1213, witnessed by "Ludewicus filius Gerhardi comitis"[781]. Graf von Hochstaden 1214. Comte de Duras 1216. Comte de Looz 1218. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1218 of "comes de Los Ludovicus cum fratre suo Henrico"[782]. m ([1214]) as her second husband, MECHTILD von Vianden, widow of LOTHAR [I] Graf von Hochstaden, daughter of FRIEDRICH [III] Graf von Vianden [Sponheim] & his wife Mechtild von Neuerburg (-before 1241). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that the mother of Konrad Archbishop of Köln was "sorore comitis Henrici Viennensis" and that she married secondly "Henricus frater comitis Losensis, quondam prepositus Traiectensis"[783]. Comte Henri & his wife had one child:

a) IMAGINE (-21 Oct 1270). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Ymainam abbatissam de Salesines" as daughter of the mother of Konrad Archbishop of Köln "sorore comitis Henrici Viennensis" and her second husband "Henricus frater comitis Losensis, quondam prepositus Traiectensis"[784]. Abbess of Salzinnes 1239. Abbess of Georgenthal 1239/58. Abbess of Flines 1261.

5. THIERRY (-1207 or after). "…Theodoricus frater comitis de Lon…" witnessed the charter dated 1197 under which "Henricus dux Lotharingiæ et marchio et…Luduicus comes de Lon" agreed to divide "terram de Mussal" if "comes de Dasborc" died without heirs[785]. Seneschal of Nicomedia 1204.

6. GUILLAUME (-killed in battle Russion, Thrace Jan 1206). Crusader 1203. Villehardouin records that "Dietrich von Los", governor of Rousion, left "his brother Vilain" in command of his army after returning to Constantinople, and that he was killed in battle there soon after[786].

7. IMAGINE [Ismenia] (-after Aug 1244). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "castellano Sancti-Audomari domino Wilelmo…primogenitus Wilelmus" married "sororem comitis Lossensis Imaginam" but died childless[787]. "Willelmus S. Aud. castellanus et Ismenia uxor mea" abandoned marshes to the abbey of Saint-Bertin by charter dated Apr 1208[788]. "Guillemus S. Aud. castellanus et Ysmena uxor mea" exempted the inhabitants of Fauquemberghes from taxes after a fire by charter dated May 1222[789]. Her date of death is set by a charter dated Aug 1244 under which Guillaume Châtelain de Saint-Omer made arrangements for the dower of his wife if his brother predeceased her[790]. m (before Apr 1208) GUILLAUME [V] Châtelain de Saint-Omer, son of GUILLAUME [IV] Châtelain de Saint-Omer Seigneur de Fauquemberques & his first wife Ida d'Avesnes ([1170/71]-[Mar 1245/1 Aug 1247]).

8. MATHILDE (-1249 or after). Her parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 1231 under which "Arnold comte de Looz et de Chiny" confirmed exemptions of the abbey of Munsterbilsen at the request of "l´abbesse Mathilde, fille du précédent comte de Looz"[791]. Abbess of Münsterbilsen 1220/49.

GERARD [III] de Looz, son of GERARD [II] Comte de Looz Graf von Rieneck & his wife Adelheid van Gelre (-[15 May/24 Oct] 1216). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 10 May 1213 which confirmed the sale by "Gerhardo comite de Rinecke" of property "in Ingelheim et Isenheim" to Eberbach convent, approved by "fratres comitis memorati, Ludwicus comes de Lon et…Heinricus Trajectensis et Aschaffenburg prepositus atque Ada comitissa"[792]. Graf von Rieneck. "Gerhardus comes de Rynecke" donated "decimam in Laufaba", granted to him by his father, to the church of Aschaffenburg by charter dated 1188 which names "fratrem meum L. comitem de Lon"[793]. "Ludewicus comes de Lon et Heinricus prepositus Traiectensis et Arnoldus frater eius et Ada comitissa" donated property to Eberbach, at the request of "fratris nostri Gerhardi comitis de Renecken", by charter dated 1213[794]. "Gerhardo comite de Rinecke" sold “predium suum in Ingelnheim et Isenhiem” to Erbach, with the consent of “fratres comitis memorati Ludwicus comes de Lon et...Heinricus Traiectensis et Aschaffinb. prepositus atque Ada comitissa”, and guaranteeing the consent of “Arnoldo fratre ipsius comitis qui nunc in Anglia obses tenetur”, by charter dated 10 May 1213[795]. "Gerhardus comes de Renekken…domine Cunegundis comitisse uxoris sue" donated property to Eberbach, with the consent of "suorum heredum…Ludewici comitis de Lon et domini Heinrici Traiectensis et Aschaffenburgensis prepositi", by charter dated 1213, witnessed by "Ludewicus filius Gerhardi comitis"[796].

m (1204) KUNIGUNDE von Zimmern, daughter of SIBODO [III] Graf von Zimmern & his wife ---. "Gerhardus comes de Renekken…domine Cunegundis comitisse uxoris sue" donated property to Eberbach, with the consent of "suorum heredum…Ludewici comitis de Lon et domini Heinrici Traiectensis et Aschaffenburgensis prepositi", by charter dated 1213, witnessed by "Ludewicus filius Gerhardi comitis"[797]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. 1216.

Comte Gérard [III] & his wife had five children:

1. LOUIS [Ludwig] (-before 11 Aug 1236). "Gerhardus comes de Renekken…domine Cunegundis comitisse uxoris sue" donated property to Eberbach, with the consent of "suorum heredum…Ludewici comitis de Lon et domini Heinrici Traiectensis et Aschaffenburgensis prepositi", by charter dated 1213, witnessed by "Ludewicus filius Gerhardi comitis"[798]. Graf von Rieneck.

- GRAFEN von RIENECK.

2. ARNAUD [IV] (-[24 Nov 1272/Feb 1273]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Looz [1220].

- see below.

3. GERARD (-before 17 Jan 1272). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

4. BERTOLD . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon at Würzburg 1240.

5. IMAGINE . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1219/50. m GOSWIN [III] Heer van Born, son of ---. 1216/90.

ARNAUD [IV] de Looz, son of GERARD [III] de Looz Graf von Rieneck & his wife Kunigunde von Zimmern (-[24 Nov 1272/Feb 1273]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Looz [1220]. Comte de Chiny [1228]. “Arnulphus comes de Chinneo et de Loz” notified an agreement between Orval abbey and “dominum Ludemarum de Firmitate et Jacobum de Staueles milites” concerning “nemore Belloniscampaniæ”, in the presence of “domini Egidii de Rupeforti”, by charter dated 1230[799]. "Arnoldus…comes de Los et de Chiny" confirmed donations to Averboden by charter dated 1232[800]. "Arnoux cuens de Los et de Chisni" acknowledged "Phelippe contesse de Bar…et Thiebaut son fil" as his suzerains in respect of "la terre de Chisni…que je tieng de par ma femme Jehanne la contesse" by charter dated Feb 1240[801].

m (before 1230) JEANNE de Chiny, daughter of LOUIS [IV] Comte de Chiny & his wife Mathilde d'Avesnes (-17 Jan 1271). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Joanna" as oldest of the three daughters of "comiti de Cisneio" and his wife "Machtildem", adding that Jeanne married "comiti Lossensi Arnulfo" and naming their four sons and two daughters[802]. “...Comitissa de Chinniaco, soror domini Bouchardi de Avenis et filie eius...” and others requested the archbishop of Reims to confirm their agreement regarding the Flanders succession by charter dated [Feb] 1235, confirmed before 8 Apr 1235 by the archbishop[803]. "Arnoux cuens de Los et de Chisni" acknowledged "Phelippe contesse de Bar…et Thiebaut son fil" as his suzerains in respect of "la terre de Chisni…que je tieng de par ma femme Jehanne la contesse" by charter dated Feb 1240[804]. "Arnous comte de Los et de Chiny et Jehanne comtesse des memes lieux" declared having given a dowry to "Nicholon chevalier seigneur de Kyening" for his marriage to "leur fille Julienne" by charter dated 1267[805]. The necrology of Orval records the death “XVI Kal Feb” of “Joanna comitissa de Chiny” and her donation of “molendinum de Herbeval”[806].

Comte Arnaud [IV] & his wife had [ten] children:

1. JEAN [I] (-19 Jan 1278). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 1247 under which "Jean fils ainé d´Arnold comte de Looz" confirmed the purchase of property by the abbey of Orienten[807]. He succeeded his father in [1272/73] as Comte de Looz et de Chiny. m firstly ([1258]) MATHILDE von Jülich, daughter of WILHELM Graf von Jülich & his wife Richardis van Gelre. Levoldus’s mid-14th century Genealogia comitum de Marka records that “Engelbertus filius...Everhardi comitis” married “filiam borchgravii de Arberch, filiam sororis Gerardi comitis Iuliacensis, qui aliam habuit sororem matrem comitis Losensis Arnoldi”[808]. According to Butkens, an unnamed daughter of Wilhelm [IV] Graf von Jülich married "Jean Comte de Los qui mourut 1280"[809]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified. m secondly ISABELLE de Condé, daughter of JACQUES de Condé Seigneur de Bailleul & his wife Agnès de Rœulx (-after 1280). "Nichols de Condeit Seigneur de Moriames" recorded disputes between "Arnous Cuens de Los" and "madame Isabeau masseur et Jean et Jacquemin ses fils" and that "Arnous" had granted his possessions "en la terre de Warc, Agimont et Givet" to "Jean et Jacquemin ses freres enfans susdite" in return for their renunciation of claims "en la comté de Los", by charter dated Apr 1280[810]. Comte Jean [I] & his first wife had one child:

a) ARNAUD [V] (-22 Aug 1327). Levoldus’s mid-14th century Genealogia comitum de Marka records that “Engelbertus filius...Everhardi comitis” married “filiam borchgravii de Arberch, filiam sororis Gerardi comitis Iuliacensis, qui aliam habuit sororem matrem comitis Losensis Arnoldi”[811]. He succeeded his father in 1278 as Comte de Looz et de Chiny. "Nichols de Condeit Seigneur de Moriames" recorded disputes between "Arnous Cuens de Los" and "madame Isabeau masseur et Jean et Jacquemin ses fils" and that "Arnous" had granted his possessions "en la terre de Warc, Agimont et Givet" to "Jean et Jacquemin ses freres enfans susdite" in return for their renunciation of claims "en la comté de Los", by charter dated Apr 1280[812]. “Arnoldus comes Lossensis” donated property to the Augustines at Hasselt, with the consent of “dominæ Margaretæ uxoris nostræ”, by charter dated 11 Mar 1296[813]. "Arnould comte de Los et de Chiny et Marguerite ma femme" granted privileges to the citizens of Chiny by charter dated 22 May 1301[814]. m (27 Jul 1280) MARGARETA von Vianden, daughter of PHILIPP [I] Graf von Vianden & his wife Marie van Perwez [Brabant] (-8 Mar 1318). “Arnoldus comes Lossensis” donated property to the Augustines at Hasselt, with the consent of “dominæ Margaretæ uxoris nostræ”, by charter dated 11 Mar 1296[815]. "Arnould comte de Los et de Chiny et Marguerite ma femme" granted privileges to the citizens of Chiny by charter dated 22 May 1301[816]. Comte Arnoul [V] & his wife had [seven] children:

i) LOUIS [III] (-22 Apr 1336). He succeeded his father in 1327 as Comte de Looz et de Chiny. Levoldus’s mid-14th century Chronica Comitum de Marka records the death in 1336 of “comes Ludovicus” and the dispute between “dominum episcopum et capitulum” and “dominum Theodericum dominum de Hensberch comitis defuncti ex sorore nepotem” regarding the succession[817]. m ([25 Jan/22 May] 1313) as her second husband, MARGUERITE de Lorraine, widow of GUY de Flandre Graf van Zeeland, daughter of THIBAUT II Duke of Lorraine & his wife Isabelle de Rumigny (-1 Oct [1348/1349], bur [Abbaye d'Orval]). The testament of “Raoul Duc de Loherenne et marchis”, dated Aug 1346, appoints as executors “...ma...tante dame Margueritte de Lorraine comtesse de Chiny...”[818]. The necrology of Orval records the death “Kal Oct” of “domina Margareta de Lotharingia comitissa de Los et Chiney” and her donation[819].

ii) MATHILDE de Looz (-21 Mar 1313). "Theodericus dominus de Heinsberg…cum…Godefridi militis filii nostri et Mechtildis uxoris sue" appointed the deacon of the church at Heinsberg by charter dated 22 Dec 1301[820]. "Godefridus dominus de Heynsbergh et de Blankenbergh necnon Mechtildis de Los eius legitima" confirmed the right of "Arnoldus d. de Randenroyde et…Katherina eiusdem legitima" to repurchase "duo molendina sua…in…villa de Linghe" by charter dated 15 Mar 1307[821]. The necrology of Burtscheid records the death “XII Kal Apr” of “Methildis comitissa de Los” and her donation [822]. m (before 1299) GOTTFRIED Herr von Heinsberg, son of DIETRICH Herr von Heinsberg [Sponheim] & his wife Jeanne de Louvain (-1331). Children (follow the hyperlinks for other children):

(a) DIETRICH von Heinsberg (-1361). Follow his hyperlink for other sources and for his descendants. Comte de Looz et de Chiny, which he claimed after the death of his maternal uncle. “Guillaume de Hurle seigneur de Rumen, Jeanne de Guwebecke sa femme, et Arnout von Hurle leur fils” ceded “les comtés de Loen et de Chiny...[et] aussi les droits qui pourraient leur échoir par le décès de Louis comte de Loen et de Chiny” to “Diederich seigneur de Heinsberg et de Blankenberg” by charter dated 1335 “op de derde Indictien. Stile de Liége”[823]. Levoldus’s mid-14th century Chronica Comitum de Marka records the death in 1336 of “comes Ludovicus” and the dispute between “dominum episcopum et capitulum” and “dominum Theodericum dominum de Hensberch comitis defuncti ex sorore nepotem” regarding the succession[824]. Jean de Hocsem records an apostolic process in 1343 “contra dominum de Heinsberg, nam filio suo defuncto” relating to his control of the county of Looz (excommunicated “in octava Epyphanie”, extended to the whole county of Looz “ante medium martii”)[825].

(b) JOHANN [I] von Heinsberg (-1334). Follow his hyperlink for his sources and marriage. Children (follow the hyperlinks for other children):

(1) GOTTFRIED von Heinsberg (-1395). Follow his hyperlink for other sources, his marriage, and his descendants. Comte de Looz et de Chiny. Herr von Heinsberg und Dalenbroich. “Goedart Graf zu Loon und Chiny, Herr zu Heinsberg und Blankenberg” confirmed a settlement with “Ritter Gumprecht Vogt zu Köln und Herrn zu Alpen” concerning the succession of “Strop zu Wassenberg...ein Verwandter Gumprechts” at Epprath, with the consent of “[Gumprechts] Verwandten Heinrich, Sohn seines verstorbenen Oheims Heinrich von Garsdorf”, by charter dated 21 Mar 1361[826]. Daris describes the disputes relating to the county of Looz which was invaded by the bishop of Liège in May 1361[827]. Another claimant to the county, Arnoul d’Oreilhe Heer van Rummen (descended from Gottfried von Heinsberg’s paternal grandmother’s younger sister Jeanne, see below) bought Gottfried’s rights to the county in 1363[828]. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) also records the circumstances surrounding the succession to the county of Looz and the different claimants[829]. Thereafter, Gottfried and his descendants were often described as “von/van Loen/de Looz” in primary sources, but without the comital title.

iii) [GUILLAUME de Looz (-after Oct 1317). Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of "Villermo nato…comitis Lassensis" and "Ysabela nata…Raynaldi comitis Gelrie" despite 4^o consanguinity dated 22 Oct 1317[830]. It is assumed that Guillaume was the son of Arnoul [V] who was the ruling comte de Looz at the date of this document, although it does not name the proposed bridegroom´s father. If this is correct, Guillaume presumably predeceased his older brother. Betrothed (Papal dispensation 22 Oct 1317) to ISABELLA van Gelre, daughter of REINALD I Graaf van Gelre & his second wife Marguerite de Flandre (before Aug 1299-Köln 1354). Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of "Villermo nato…comitis Lassensis" and "Ysabela nata…Raynaldi comitis Gelrie" despite 4^o consanguinity dated 22 Oct 1317[831].]

iv) [MARIE de Looz (-1325). A register of fiefs compiled in 1408 by André de Maubeuge records that “Geert” married firstly “Marie des graven dochter van Loon”[832]. The Chronicon Diestense records that “Gerardus primogenitus...domini Arnoldi” married firstly “Mariam filiam comitis de Loen” who died in 1325 “sabbato post festum purificacionis beate Marie virginis”[833]. These sources do not name Marie’s father. From a chronological point of view, it seems more likely that she was the daughter of Arnoul [V] Comte de Looz than of his father Jean [I] (who is named as her father in Europäische Stammtafeln[834]). Jean Duke of Brabant confirmed an agreement between “Gérard seigneur de Diest marquis d’Anvers” and the inhabitants of Diest confirming a franchise charter, by charter dated 24 Jun 1307, sealed by “Marie van Loen dame de Diest, Jean de Diest chanoine de Cambrai, Thomas et Arnoul de Diest qu’on appelle de Westphalie, frères”[835]. "Gerardus dominus de Diest et castellanus Antverpiensis…necnon…domina Johanna de Flandria eius coniunx" founded the church of Zeelhem, for the souls of "dominæ Mariæ piæ memoriæ dominæ quondam de Diest", by charter dated 1 Feb 1328[836]. m (before 24 Jun 1307) as his first wife, GERHARD Heer van Diest, son of ARNOUT [V] Heer van Diest, Borchgraeve van Antwerpen & his wife Isabelle de Mortagne (-[25 Jul 1333/Apr 1334]).]

v) [YOLANDE de Looz . Europäische Stammtafeln names “Jolanda” as the first wife of Dietrich Luf and mother of his daughter Elisabeth, without providing any family background or dates[837]. Her family origin is indicated by the charter dated 19 May 1330 under which her husband ‘Theodericus Luof de Cleve dominus de Kervenem” donated property “infra munimentum oppidi Cranenborch” to Bedebur in memory of “sui patris et Jolante de Loen sui quondam thoralis”[838]. Arnold Berg suggests that Yolande was the daughter of Arnoul [V] Comte de Looz et de Chiny, supported by the chronology, the repeated use of the name Yolande in the family of Arnoul [V]’s wife (inherited from her Courtenay ancestors), and the resultant consanguinity which would have necessitated the Papal dispensation for the first marriage of Yolande’s daughter Elisabeth von Kleve[839]. The date of her marriage is indicated because Yolande’s daughter had children born in the early 1330s by her first marriage. If this dating is correct, Yolande was one of her parents’ younger children. m (before [1315]) as his first wife, DIETRICH LUF von Kleve Graf von Hülchrath, son of DIETRICH LUF von Kleve Graf von Hülchrath & his second wife Lisa von Virneburg (-10 Jul 1332).]

vi) JEANNE de Looz (-after 1335, bur Oriente abbey). Vrouw van Quatbeke. Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the charter dated 21 Jul 1313 under which Willem II Count of Holland confirmed the agreement between “Gherard Heer van Voirne Burchgrave van Zeeland ende Heylewyfe Vrouwe van Vorne Burchgravinne van Zeland”, with the consent of “Heren Arnoud Grave van Loen, Heren Gherarde van Wezemale Here van Marchem, ende met Jehanna van Loen Vrouwe van Quaetbeke”, for the marriage between [her daughter] “Joncvrouwen Machtilde siere nichten ende hare oudster dochter Joncvrouwe ban Berghen up den Zoom” and “onsen [refers to Gerard Heer van Vorne] oudsten erfsoene” with the consent of “...myn Here Jan Here van Arkel onsen [refers to Gerard Heer van Vorne] neve”[840]. This is partially confirmed by Jacques de Hemricourt who records that “mess. Johan” married “a la dame de Berghes sor le Zome...filhe alle dame de Quekebeke sereur al conte Ernut de Louz, quy apres ce reprist a marit monss. Wilhelme d’Oreilhe saingnon de Rumines”[841]. m firstly ARNOUT van Wesemaal Heer van Bergen op Zoom, son of GERARD van Wesemaal Heer van Bergen op Zoom & his wife --- (-[27 Sep 1312/21 Jul 1313]). m secondly (Papal dispensation 28 Oct 1318) GUILLAUME d’Oreilhe Heer van Rummen, son of JEAN d’Oreilhe Seigneur de Velroux & his wife --- Dame de Velroux (-after 25 Sep 1334, bur Oriente abbey). Jeanne & her second husband had children:

(a) ARNOUL d’Oreilhe (-Liège after 4 May 1373). Follow his hyperlink for other sources and family members. [Comte de Looz]: he bought rights to the county of Looz from Gottfried Herr von Heinsberg (grandson of the oldest sister of Arnoul’s mother, see above) in 1363 and adopted the title “comte de Looz”[842]. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) records the circumstances surrounding the succession to the county of Looz and the different claimants[843]. He was defeated by forces of the bishop of Liège, who destroyed his castle at Rummen 14 Oct 1365, and forced to abandon his claim to Looz[844].

vii) MARGUERITE de Looz . “Arnoldus olim comes Lossensis et Ludovicus eius filius primogenitus comes de Los et de Chiney” granted “castrum nostrum de Duras” as dowry to “nostra filia legitima Margareta” for her marriage to “fideli nostro Wilielmo de Duras dicto de Novo Castro armigero”, with the consent of “Adolfi…episcopi Leodiensis et…Arnoldi filii et posteri fratris Wilhelmi de Los domini de Novo Castro in Arduenna militis”, by charter dated 14 Jan 1327 (O.S.)[845]. m (contract 14 Jan 1328) GUILLAUME de Neufchâteau, son of --- (-after 25 Sep 1334).

Comte Jean [I] & his second wife had two children:

b) JEAN de Looz (-Brescia [1310/11]). "Nichols de Condeit Seigneur de Moriames" recorded disputes between "Arnous Cuens de Los" and "madame Isabeau masseur et Jean et Jacquemin ses fils" and that "Arnous" had granted his possessions "en la terre de Warc, Agimont et Givet" to "Jean et Jacquemin ses freres enfans susdite" in return for their renunciation of claims "en la comté de Los", by charter dated Apr 1280[846]. Seigneur d’Agimont.

- SEIGNEURS d’AGIMONT.

c) JACQUEMIN de Looz . "Nichols de Condeit Seigneur de Moriames" recorded disputes between "Arnous Cuens de Los" and "madame Isabeau masseur et Jean et Jacquemin ses fils" and that "Arnous" had granted his possessions "en la terre de Warc, Agimont et Givet" to "Jean et Jacquemin ses freres enfans susdite" in return for their renunciation of claims "en la comté de Los", by charter dated Apr 1280[847].

2. --- de Looz . Betrothed (Feb 1246) to CATHERINE de Lorraine, daughter of MATHIEU II Duke of Lorraine & his wife Catherine de Limbourg (-after 1279). The marriage contract between "Arnous cuens de Lous et de Chieney et…Jehenne la comtesse sa femme…nostre ansnei fil apres nostre fil le premier ainé" and "Maheu duc de Lorreigne et Marchis…sa fille Catherine" is dated Feb 1246[848].

3. [son . "Ad petitionem…comitis de Losz: filium suum" is named in a charter dated 5 Jul 1251 which lists canons at Trier cathedral[849]. It is not known whether this son is the same person as one of the other sons of Comte Arnaud [IV] who are named in the present document.]

4. LOUIS de Looz (-[16 Sep/3 Dec] 1299). "Lois fis le comte de Los et de Chinei, sires d´Estables et…Jehenne sa femme dame de Blanmont" confirmed the donations to the abbey of Orval made by "Arnous cuens de Los et de Chinei notre pere et Jehenne sa femme comtesse…notre mere" by charter dated Feb 1258[850]. A charter dated 1267 records the division of territories between "Loys, Arnolz der prevos de Boloigne, Henry et Gérars freires, tui fil le conte de Loz et de Chigney", naming "nostre père Arnolz cuens de Loz et de Chisney et notre mère Jehanne contesse", under which "Arnolz" received "la terre de Ware", "Henriz…la terre d´Angimont", and "Gerars…Chavancey le Chastel"[851]. "Louis comte de Chiny et Jeanne d´Anis de Blamont comtesse du même lieu" founded the priory of Sussy in the county of Chiny by charter dated 1286[852]. “Loys cuens de Chiney et...Johenne contesse de Chiney et dame de Blanmont sa fame” claimed a share in the succession of “Henrit conte de Bair peire à moi Jehenne dessus dite et...à...ma...meire Phelippe contesse de Bair qui fut et en l’escheoite de...Henri et...Renaut de Bair mes freire qui furent“ from “Henrit conte de Bair” by charter dated 7 Jun 1294[853]. m (before Feb 1258) as her second husband, JEANNE de Bar, widow of FRIEDRICH von Salm Seigneur de Blâmont, daughter of HENRI II Comte de Bar & his wife Philippa de Dreux [Capet] (-31 Aug, before Aug 1299, bur Orval). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "dominam de Albo-monte, germanam comitis Barrensis Theobaldi, relictam domini Henrici de Salmis" married "Ludovicus [comes] de Chini"[854]. "Lois fis le comte de Los et de Chinei, sires d´Estables et…Jehenne sa femme dame de Blanmont" confirmed the donations to the abbey of Orval made by "Arnous cuens de Los et de Chinei notre pere et Jehenne sa femme comtesse…notre mere" by charter dated Feb 1258[855]. "Louis comte de Chiny et Jeanne d´Anis de Blamont comtesse du même lieu" founded the priory of Sussy in the county of Chiny by charter dated 1286[856]. “Loys cuens de Chiney et...Johenne contesse de Chiney et dame de Blanmont sa fame” claimed a share in the succession of “Henrit conte de Bair peire à moi Jehenne dessus dite et...à...ma...meire Phelippe contesse de Bair qui fut et en l’escheoite de...Henri et...Renaut de Bair mes freire qui furent“ from “Henrit conte de Bair” by charter dated 7 Jun 1294[857]. The necrology of Orval records the death “pridie Kal Sep” of “Joanna comitissa de Chiney et domina de Blanmont” and her donation of “mansum in Ivodio”[858].

5. ARNAUD de Looz . A charter dated 1267 records the division of territories between "Loys, Arnolz der prevos de Boloigne, Henry et Gérars freires, tui fil le conte de Loz et de Chigney", naming "nostre père Arnolz cuens de Loz et de Chisney et notre mère Jehanne contesse", under which "Arnolz" received "la terre de Ware", "Henriz…la terre d´Angimont", and "Gerars…Chavancey le Chastel"[859]. Seigneur de Ware.

6. HENRI de Looz . A charter dated 1267 records the division of territories between "Loys, Arnolz der prevos de Boloigne, Henry et Gérars freires, tui fil le conte de Loz et de Chigney", naming "nostre père Arnolz cuens de Loz et de Chisney et notre mère Jehanne contesse", under which "Arnolz" received "la terre de Ware", "Henriz…la terre d´Angimont", and "Gerars…Chavancey le Chastel"[860]. Seigneur d´Agimont.

7. GERARD de Looz (-after Apr 1284). A charter dated 1267 records the division of territories between "Loys, Arnolz der prevos de Boloigne, Henry et Gérars freires, tui fil le conte de Loz et de Chigney", naming "nostre père Arnolz cuens de Loz et de Chisney et notre mère Jehanne contesse", under which "Arnolz" received "la terre de Ware", "Henriz…la terre d´Angimont", and "Gerars…Chavancey le Chastel"[861]. Seigneur de Chauvency: "Gerars de Los chevaliers sires de Chauenci" acknowledged owing revenue from "la venne de Duras" to “nostre...frere...Jehan conte de Los” by charter dated 29 Aug 1276[862]. “Gérard de Loz seigneur de Chauvency” acknowledged holding “sa ville d’Olizy” from “son...frère Louis comte de Chiny” by charter dated Apr 1284[863].

- SEIGNEURS de CHAUVENCY.

8. ELISABETH de Looz (-before 1251). The Chronicle of Baudouin d´Avesnes records that "Thomas", son of "Thomas dominus de Veruin ex Mathilde primogenita filia comitis de Retest", married "Ysabellam filiam comitis Losensis Arnulphi", who died childless[864]. m as his first wife, THOMAS de Coucy Seigneur de Vervins, son of THOMAS de Coucy Seigneur de Vervins & his wife Mathilde de Rethel (-before 1276).

9. [ALEIDIS ). Some secondary sources show Aleidis as another daughter of Arnaud [IV] Comte de Looz and her two marriages shown below. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been identified, despite extensive searches[865]. The name of the first wife of Albert van Voorne, but not her parentage, is confirmed by the charter dated 28 Aug 1293 under which Floris V Count of Holland confirmed that {her husband’s widow] "Katherine vrouwe van Voerne burchgravinne van Zeelant, onse nichte, ende Gherart haer zoene" had agreed with [Aleidis’s daughter] “joncfrou Mabelian van Hoerne” concerning her inheritance from “haer Aelbrecht here van Vorne burchgrave van Zeelant...Aleyde vrou van Voern hare moeder”[866]. However, until more information comes to light, it is suggested that her parentage and her identification as the wife of the two noblemen shown here should be treated with caution. m firstly (after 1254) as his second wife, DIRK [II] Heer van Valkenburg, son of DIRK [I] Heer van Valkenburg & his first wife Isolda van Limburg (-killed in battle Köln 14 Oct 1268). m secondly (after 1268) as his first wife, ALBERT van Voorne Burggraaf van Zeeland, son of HENDRIK Heer van Voorne Burggraaf van Zeeland & his [second] wife --- ([1240 or after]-Dec 1287).]

10. [MARGUERITE de Looz (-before 1275). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed only by a monumental inscription at the Carmelite Abbey in Brussels which records the death of her son "monseinour ly cuens Geerarts sire de Hornes, Wiert, Altena, etc., grand-veneur héréditable de l´Empire…fieulx à monseinour ly cuens Willaumes, sire des dits lieux, et à madame Marguerite, fiele a ly cuens Arnould de Looz"[867]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed only by a monumental inscription at the Carmelite Abbey in Brussels which records the death of her son "monseinour ly cuens Geerarts sire de Hornes, Wiert, Altena, etc., grand-veneur héréditable de l´Empire…fieulx à monseinour ly cuens Willaumes, sire des dits lieux, et à madame Marguerite, fiele a ly cuens Arnould de Looz"[868]. This inscription is discussed in detail by van de Boel who suggests that it is unreliable as a later production[869]. The language clearly indicates that the inscription is not contemporary. However, it is not known whether it might have been based on information from earlier reliable sources. This possibility should not be dismissed as other parts of the same inscription, relating to other members of the Horn family, are corroborated by other documentation. A connection between the Looz and Horn families is indicated by the confirmation given by Arnaud [V] Comte de Looz to Geraard van Horne for his grant of property to his wife (see below). However, the document in question does not specify any family relationship between the two, in contrast to the case of one of the witnesses whom Comte Arnaud describes as “nostrum consanguineum”. It is possible, therefore, that the confirmation was given only because Comte Arnaud was Geraard´s suzerain. The chronology of the Looz family indicates that it is possible for a daughter of Comte Arnaud [V] to have married Willem [IV] van Horne. m [as his first wife,] WILLEM [IV] Heer van Horne, son of WILLEM [III] Heer van Horne & his wife --- (-killed in battle Zierickzee 1304, bur Keysersbosch).]

F. COMTES de MOHA

Vanderkindere states that the county of Moha, whose territory was situated on the right bank of the river Mehaigne within the pagus of Hesbaie, was originally a seigneurie which adopted the status of a county because it was held by the counts of Dachsburg in Alsace[870]. It was not one of the four original counties which developed in the pagus of Hesbaie nor a pagus itself. The county of Moha was discussed by Daris in 1872[871]. The seigneurs de Moha are shown in this document until the acquisition by Albert [II] of the counties of Egisheim and Dachsburg as a result of his marriage with the heiress of those counties. Later counts of Moha are shown in the document ALSACE. After the death in 1212 of the last count of Dachsburg and Egisheim of the family of the seigneurs de Moha, his territories were inherited by his nephew Henri I Duke of Brabant, as shown by the undated charter under which "Adelbertus…comes Metensis et de Dasbourch" appointed "nepotem meum ducem Lotharingiæ" as his heir "de castro meo Dasbourgh et abbatia de Hessen, de castro Gerbaden, abbatia de Altorf, de castro de Drotein, de castro Albapai, de abbatia et advocatia de Herbreheym…comitatu et advocatia…de Metis…allodium de Musal et Waleve"[872]. Prior to this, Moha had been claimed by the counts of Looz as well as the dukes of Brabant, a settlement of the dispute being agreed in 1197, the date of a charter under which "Henricus dux Lotharingiæ et marchio et…Luduicus comes de Lon" agreed to divide "terram de Mussal" if "comes de Dasborc" died without heirs[873]. This latter arrangement was presumably superseded by the testament which appointed the duke of Brabant as sole heir to Moha.

1. ALBERT [I] de Moha (-after 1059). "...Albertum de Musal..." subscribed the charter dated 1031 under which "Godeschalcus præpositus" founded a college of canons at Liège Saint-Barthélemy[874]. Archbishop Poppo of Trier confirmed the donation by "comitem Kadelonem et eius contectalem Irmingart" by undated charter, placed in the compilation with charters dated [1040/44], subscribed by "Duci Godefrido, Adalberto de Musel, comes Becelinus…"[875]. Comte de Moha: “...Ottonis advocati et fratris eius Emmonis comitis de Los, Alberti comitis de Musal...” signed the charter dated 1059 under which “Fredericus...Lothariencium dux” donated a serf to Saint-Trond[876].

2. ALBERT [II] [de Moha] (-24 Aug 1098). It is possible that Albert [II] was the son of Albert [I] but the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified. Graf von Egisheim und Dachsburg 1089. Comte de Moha: "Albertus comes de Musau" donated property "ecclesias unam in Monte Sancti Martini et alteram in Villari" to the church of Verdun Sainte-Vanne by charter dated 10 May 1096[877]. The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "IX Kal Sep" of "Albertus comes Dasburgensis qui nobis cellam Montis Sancti Martini…dedit"[878].

- GRAFEN von EGISHEIM und DACHSBURG.

G. SEIGNEURS d’AGIMONT

JEAN de Looz, son of JEAN [I] Comte de Looz et de Chiny & his second wife Isabelle de Condé (-Brescia [1310/11]). "Nichols de Condeit Seigneur de Moriames" recorded disputes between "Arnous Cuens de Los" and "madame Isabeau masseur et Jean et Jacquemin ses fils" and that "Arnous" had granted his possessions "en la terre de Warc, Agimont et Givet" to "Jean et Jacquemin ses freres enfans susdite" in return for their renunciation of claims "en la comté de Los", by charter dated Apr 1280[879]. Seigneur d’Agimont.

[m firstly ---. This first marriage is suggested because of the possible birth date of Jean’s oldest son Jean, which indicates that he was probably much older than his three siblings. Bearing in mind that Jean de Looz-Agimont’s known wife Marie de Nesle had children by her second marriage, it is possible that she was not the mother of her husband’s oldest son.]

m [secondly] [as her first husband,] MARIE de Nesle Dame de Warcq et de Gernomont, daughter of JEAN [II] de Nesle Seigneur de Falvy & his wife Marie van Oudenaarde (-after 1328). Père Anselme (naming her “Marguerite”) records her parentage and marriage without citing any source on which he bases the information[880]. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified. [She may have married secondly (after [1310/11]) Aubert [III] Seigneur de Longueval: According to Goethals, Aubert [III] de Longueval married “Marie de Neelle, fille de Jean de Neelle seigneur de Faluy et de Herelle et de Mari d’Audenarde [qui] venait de perdre son mari Jean de Los seigneur d’Agimont [mort] en Italie en 1310” and by her had three children[881]. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified. From a chronological point of view, it appears possible so long as Marie was one of her parents’ younger children.]

Jean [I] & his [first/second] wife had one child:

1. JEAN [II] de Looz ([before 1290?]-before 28 Dec 1323). His parentage is confirmed by Jacques de Hemricourt who names “monss. Iohan de Louz saingnor d’Agymont fil de frere le conte Ernut de Louz” when recording his marriage[882]. His birth date is suggested based on the estimated birth dates of his descendants. The question of his mother’s identity is discussed above. Seigneur d´Agimont. Seigneur de Walhain et de Hemricourt, de iure uxoris. Borman & Poncelet record that Jean [II] died “vers 1323”, without citing the source on which this date is based[883]. m (1307 or before) MATHILDE de Walhain, daughter of GODEFROI de Walhain & his wife Marie de Hemricourt ([1288]-after 6 Feb 1315). Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 12 Mar 1300 which records an agreement between the executors and heirs of [her maternal grandfather] “de bonne memoire messire Guillaume chevalier seigneur jadit de Hemricourt et advocit delle ville de Lantremenge” and Malmédy abbey relating to “[la] ville de Lantremenge” and notes that “Nous Saige veuve relicte dudit feu chevalier [et Marie sa fille] espeuze a noble homme messire Henry chevalier seigneur de Battressem” committed to obtain the ratification of “Mathilde fille delle devandite Marye laquel de nostre...premier maryt Godffroid de Walhan chevalier avons suscitez, a laquele est devolue le proprietez de nostre biens d’icelle laissez attocherat l’eage des ans suffisantes”[884]. Jacques de Hemricourt records that the daughter of “monss. Ernut saingnor de Walhehain” [error for Godefroi de Walhain] and his wife married “on noble baron monss. Iohan de Louz saingnor d’Agymont fil de frere le conte Ernut de Louz”[885]. The difficulties with identifying Mathilde’s correct parentage are discussed under her mother in the document BRABANT/LOUVAIN. Heiress of Walhain and Hemricourt. Her marriage is confirmed by the book of fiefs of Jean III Duke of Brabant which names “Mahaus de Walhaing tenet Wailhang...Dominus Johannes de Agimont tenet modo”[886]. Borman & Poncelet note Mathilde’s marriage “dès 1307”[887]: the primary source which confirms this date has not been identified, although it is consistent with her estimated date of birth. “Jehan sires d’Agimont et de Walehaing et...Mahaulx sa femme, dame de ces meismes lieux” issued a charter dated 6 Feb 1314 (N.S.)[888]. Jean [II] & his wife had two children:

a) JEAN [III] de Looz ([1315 or before?]-after 30 Apr 1374). Jacques de Hemricourt names “mons. Iohan de Louz” as the son of “monss. Iohan de Louz saingnor d’Agymont fil de frere le conte Ernut de Louz” and his wife[889]. His birth date is suggested based on the estimated birth and marriage dates of his daughter Isabelle. Seigneur d’Agimont, de Walhain, d’Eghezée et de Hemricourt. Jean de Looz-Agimont and his daughter Marie sold “les seigneuries de Hemricourt et de Lantremange avec la bouteilerie de l’évêque de Liège” to “Arnoul seigneur de Rummen et de Quabeek, prétendant au comté de Looz”, guaranteeing the sale against claims made by “Jean sire de Rochefort et d’Ayshove, mari d’Isabelle d’Agimont, par une assignation sur la terre de Walhain”, by charter dated 27 Oct 1357[890]. m JOHANNA van Gavre, daughter of RASO van Gavre Seigneur de Hérimez & his wife --- Vrouw van Aischove] ([1320/25?]-after 27 Oct 1355). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Iohan de Louz” married “filhe don nobles barons de Flandres...saingnor d’Ayshove et de Herymeis, quy n’avoit plus d’enfans et estoit de nobles sanc de Gaveres”[891]. Johanna must have outlived her supposed brother Jan as Flemish and Hainaut custom excluded “représentation en matière de succession féodale”[892]. “Rasse de Gavre sire de Herines” declared that he bought revenue “assignée sur le winage de Givet” from the Ctss de Namur provided “Jean de Loz sire d’Agimont...jouira de cette rente et, qu’après sa mort, elle retournera à Marie fille dudit sire d’Agimont et de la fille dudit Rasse de Gavre”, by charter dated 27 Oct 1355[893]. Dame de Hérimez et d’Aischove. Jean & his wife had two children:

i) ISABELLE de Looz ([before 1340]-[1384/88]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Isabeal et Marie” as the two daughters of “mons. Iohan de Louz” and his wife[894]. The date of her first marriage is estimated from the birth of her grandson Jean [III] de Rochefort in [1376/77], suggesting that Isabelle was not born later than [1340]. Dame d’Agimont, de Givet, d’Ayschove, de Hérimez et de Brigelette. Jacques de Hemricourt records that the older daughter of “[ly] saingnor d’Agimont” married “ly sires de Rochefort”, naming him “mess. Iohans...sires de Rochefort” in a later passage[895]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified. Isabelle is recorded as deceased in a charter dated 4 Feb 1389[896]. m firstly ([before 1355]) JEAN [I] Seigneur de Rochefort, son of THIERRY Seigneur de Walcourt et de Rochefort & his wife Agnes de Haneffe (-1365). m secondly ([1366/10 Jun 1373]) as his first wife, JAN [III] van de Aa Heer van Gruuthuse, son of JAN [II] van de Aa Heer van Gruuthuse en Grimbergen & his wife Marie van Gistel (-after [1395?]).

ii) MARIE de Looz . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Isabeal et Marie” as the two daughters of “mons. Iohan de Louz” and his wife[897]. Dame de Walhain et d’Eghezée. Jacques de Hemricourt records the marriage of “Thiris...sires de Seraing et de Warfesees et assi de Walhain de part madame sa femme” and “le filhe de...saignnor d’Agimont”[898]. Jean de Looz-Agimont and his daughter Marie sold “les seigneuries de Hemricourt et de Lantremange avec la bouteilerie de l’évêque de Liège” to “Arnoul seigneur de Rummen et de Quabeek, prétendant au comté de Looz”, guaranteeing the sale against claims made by “Jean sire de Rochefort et d’Ayshove, mari d’Isabelle d’Agimont, par une assignation sur la terre de Walhain”, by charter dated 27 Oct 1357[899]. Thil records that Marie de Looz-Agimont married secondly after 1382 “Arnold, fils naturel d’Arnoul de Rummen, l’acquéreur des seigneuries familiales de Hemricourt”[900]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified. m firstly (before 1363) THIERRY de Haneffe Seigneur de Seraing-le-Château, son of EUSTACHE de Haneffe Seigneur de Seraing-le-Château & his wife --- de Warfusée (-[1382]). m secondly (after 1382) ARNOUL d’Oreilhe bastaard van Rummen, illegitimate son of ARNOUL de Montferrant dit d’Oreilhe Heer van Rummen en Quabeek & his mistress ---.

b) JACQUES de Looz (-24 Jan 1374). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Seigneur de Warcq et de Château-Thierry. m KUNIGUNDE von Berperg, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her family origin and marriage has not been identified. Möller records “Kunigunde von Berperg” as wife of “Jacobs von Loos-Agimont, Herrn zu Château-Thierry” (no source cited)[901]. Jacques & his wife had one child:

i) MARIE de Looz (-[12 May 1398/2 Mar 1408]). “Maria van Loene” (and similar) is named as the wife and widow of Reinhard Herr zu Reifferscheid in sources dated between 11 Nov 1375 and 3 Dec 1391 (follow her second husband’s hyperlink for extracts). Möller records “Maria…Tochter Jacobs von Loos-Agimont, Herrn zu Château-Thierry, und der Kunigunde von Berperg” as Reinhard’s wife, correcting his “Heinsberger Tafel” in which he named her as “Tochter Gottfrieds von Loen-Heinsberg und der Philippa von Jülich” (no source cited)[902]. Fahne names “Maria von Loen”, Reinhard’s wife, as Gottfried’s daughter[903], which must be incorrect as Marie had several children by her first marriage, while Gottfried’s children were born after 1358 (see his marriage date, in the document LIMBURG). The primary source which confirms Marie’s first marriage directly has not been identified, but it is indicated by the 23 Nov 1419 charter cited below which records Marie de Looz having acknowledged a debt to “ihrem Sohn Arnold von Bulant”. Europäische Stammtafeln records “Arnold II von Boland †1370/72” as Marie’s first husband[904]. “Marie von Loin dame de Stoltzenburg” permitted “Frédéric de Brandenburg et à sa fille Kunigont, conjoints” to occupy “la partie de Stoltzenburg, qui avait été la propriété de feu son fils Arnolt, de même que la cour de Hosingen...” by charter dated 12 May 1398, sealed by “Dederich seigneur de Dollendorf”[905]. By charter dated 23 Nov 1419, Johann Pfalzgraf bei Rhein confirmed the settlement of a dispute between “Wilhelm Herr zu Saffenberg wegen seiner Gattin Metza von Reifferscheid” and “Dietrich von Brandenburg Herr zu Stolzenburg”, noting (1) that Dietrich had granted “ein Viertel von Schloß und Herrschaft Stolzenburg” to “Wilhelm und Metza oder einen von ihnen”, that (2) Dietrich confirmed that ”der verstorbene Arnold von Bulant und seine Schwester Kunigund Mutter Dietrichs” had made payments relating to property taken from “dem verstorbenen Reiner von Reifferscheid und seiner Frau Maria von Loos”, Marie de Looz having acknowledged a debt to “ihrem Sohn Arnold von Bulant”, sealed by “...Agnes von Glymes Frau Dietrichs”[906]. The following document suggests that Marie was deceased at the time: “Kunigunt dame de Bollant et de Stoltzenburg” acknowledged a debt owed to “Eberhardt von der Marcken seigneur d’Arburg et de Nueremburg son neveu”, secured by “la moitié du château de Stoltzemburg possédée jadis par son frère Arnolt (l’autre moitié ayant appartenu à sa mère Marie de Loue) et les villages d’Etzelbrücken, Grentzingen et Schieren” by charter dated 2 Mar 1407 (O.S.)[907]. m firstly ARNOLD [II] van Bolant [Bouland], son of --- (-[1370/72]). m secondly ([1 Nov 1373/11 Nov 1375]) REINHARD [I] Herr zu Reifferscheid, son of JOHANN [IV] Herr von Reifferscheid & his wife Mechtild van Randerode (-[22 Feb/[1/8] Mar] 1388]).

Jean [I] & his [second] wife had four children:

2. LOUIS de Looz dit d´Agimont (-1345 or after). His parentage is confirmed by Jacques de Hemricourt who names “noble mons. Lowis d’Agimont saingnor de Wark deleis Maysiers...fis de frere le conte Eernut de Louz de secon mariage” when recording his marriage[908]. Seigneur de Neuf-Château en Ardennes et de Warcq. m YOLANDE van Oudenaarde, daughter of ARNOUL van Oudenaarde Seigneur de Lumain & his wife Alix de Dammartin-Warfusée (-after 1377). Jacques de Hemricourt names “ly ainsnee...mariée al noble mons. Lowis d’Agimont saingnor de Wark deleis Maysiers...fis de frere le conte Eernut de Louz de secon mariage” as the oldest of the five daughters of “mons. Ernut avoweit de Hasbaing et saingnor de Lumaing” and his wife[909]. Heiress of Lumain and of the advocacy of Hesbaie. Louis & his wife had one child:

a) MARIE de Looz (-25 Sep 1410, bur Liège Sainte-Croix). Jacques de Hemricourt records that the daughter of “mons. Lowis d’Agimont saingnor de Wark deleis Maysiers...fis de frere le conte Eernut de Louz de secon mariage” and his wife married “mons. Evrart delle Marche et frere germanin delle evesque Englebert delle Marche jadit evesque de Liege”[910]. Heiress of Lumain. An epitaph at Liège Sainte-Croix records the death 25 Sep “14--” of “madame Marye de Loez dame de Lymay et de Noeffcasteau en --- haute voueres de Hesbain, jadit feme monsignour Evrar delle Marche chlrs”[911]. The obituary of Liège Sainte-Croix records the death 25 Sep of “nobilis dne Marie de Los dne de Lymay et de Novo castro advocatricis Hasbanie nec non...dni Ludovici de Los patris eius et dne Yolente de Lemborg matris sue”[912]. Chestret de Haneffe dates her death to 1410, noting she was still living 18 Nov 1409 and that “l’avouerie de Hesbaye fut relevée par suite de son décès le 14 décembre 1410”[913]. m (before 30 Jan 1351, Papal dispensation 25 May 1362) EBERHARD von der Mark Herr zu Arenberg, son of ENGELBERT [II] Graf von der Mark & his [second] wife Mechtild von Arberg (-1387).

3. ARNAUD de Looz (-before 2 Sep 1373). His parentage is confirmed by Jacques de Hemricourt who names “mess. Ernus d’Agymont freres a mons. Lowy” when recording his marriage[914]. m MARIE de Thiennes Dame de Thiennes et de Faulx, daughter of THIERRY Seigneur de Thiennes et de Faulx & his wife --- de Chantraines. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Ernus d’Agymont freres a mons. Lowy” married the oldest daughter of “[li] saingnor de Thines en Condroz et de Faaz en la conteit de Namur” and his wife the daughter of “Johan de Chantraines de leis Warnant”[915]. Arnaud & his wife had three children:

a) JEAN de Looz . Jacques de Hemricourt names “mess. Iohan et mess. Lowys d’Agimont chevaliers, des queis ilh n’est demoreis nus hoirs” as the two sons of “mess. Ernus d’Agymont freres a mons. Lowy” and his wife[916].

b) LOUIS de Looz . Jacques de Hemricourt names “mess. Iohan et mess. Lowys d’Agimont chevaliers, des queis ilh n’est demoreis nus hoirs” as the two sons of “mess. Ernus d’Agymont freres a mons. Lowy” and his wife[917].

c) MARGUERITE de Looz . Jacques de Hemricourt names “une filhe...Margritte promirement mariée al fil mons. Sarazien de Chastelier, secondement a mons. Rasson saingor de Chailes...tircement mariée a mons. Wilhelme Prost de Melyens chevalier esquevin de Liege” as the daughter of “mess. Ernus d’Agymont freres a mons. Lowy” and his wife, adding that she was childless by both her first and second marriages and naming her children by her third marriage[918]. m firstly --- de Chastelier, son of SARRACIN de Chastelier & his wife ---. m secondly RASO Seigneur de Chailes, son of ---. m thirdly GUILLAUME Prost de Melyens, son of ---.

4. JEAN de Looz ([1305/10?]-after 1340). His parentage was confirmed in a communication from Thierry d’Orjo[919]. Assuming that Jean was his parents’ youngest son, he was probably born towards the end of his father’s life. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Jean’s wife has not been identified. Jean & his wife had one child:

a) JEANNE de Looz ([1330?]-). Her parentage and marriages were confirmed in a communication from Thierry d’Orjo[920]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriages has not been identified. Her date of birth is estimated from the likely birth date of her father, bearing in mind that her daughter Marguerite married in 1363. Roland indicates that Jeanne was the daughter of “Jean III de Looz chevalier sire d’Agimont et de Mathilde de Walhain”[921]. m firstly JEAN de Walcourt Heer van de Aa, son of THIERRY [III] de Walcourt Heer van de Aa & his wife Marguerite de Houdeng Dame de Braine-le-Château (-[1359/62]). m secondly ([1362]) JAN [II] Heer van Petershem, son of .

5. MARGUERITE de Looz (-bur Braine-l’Alleud). Tarlier & Wauters record her family origin and marriage (which they date to 1325) and note that her husband granted her “ses fiefs tenus du duché [de Brabant], du consentement de Jean III son suxerain”, stating that husband and wife were buried “dans l’église de Braine”[922]. m (Papal dispensation 22 Mar 1329) NICOLAS de Barbançon Seigneur de Villiers-Seigneur-Nicole et de Braine-l´Alleud, son of NICOLAS de Barbançon Seigneur de Villiers-Seigneur-Nicole et de Braine-l´Alleud & his first wife Alexandrine de Ruès Dame d´Hussignies et de Boussut-lez-Walcourt (-[1331/45], bur Braine-l’Alleud).

H. SEIGNEURS de BERLO

Berlo, now called Berloz, is today a suburb of Waremme in the Belgian province of Liège, about 20 km west of the city of Liège. As can be seen below, the successful reconstruction of the Berlo family in the 13th to early 15th centuries is challenging. Many of the connections are verified only by Jacques de Hemricourt’s late 14th century works, which include passages which are contradictory.

1. ROBERT [I] de Berlo (-after [1147/55]). “...Robertus de Berlo...” witnessed the charter dated to [1147/55] under which the abbot of Saint-Vaast recorded his agreement with “Eustachium de Halmalio” concerning a mill owned by the church of Haspres[923].

2. ROBERT [I] de Berlo (-after 1220). “Robert de Berlo chevalier” is named in charters of the abbey of Val Notre-Dame dated 1214, 1215 and 1220[924].

Two brothers:

1. GONTHIER de Berlo (-after 6 Dec 1253). "...Fastredus de Bierloz marescalcus domini Leodiensis episcopi et Gonterus frater eius..." witnessed the charter dated 6 Jan 1233 (O.S.) under which "Henricus marchio Namucensis comes Viennensis et Margareta marchionissa et comitissa uxor nostra" confirmed holding "castrum Sansonum" from the bishop of Liège[925]. "...Domino Fastrado marescallo, domino Anthonio de Warfeseez, domino Gonthero de Berloz..." witnessed the charter dated 21 Apr 1234 under which "J. comes de [Roceyo] dominus Petrepontis" confirmed that "Willericus de Apia" relinquished rights “in Havelanges quam Goseez” in favour of the bishop of Liège[926]. “Arnaldus comes de Los” granted property “in territorio de Niel et de Ginglehen” to “domino Arnuldo de Corwaremme” by charter dated 4 Apr 1239, witnessed by “nobili viro Wilelmo domino de Pitresen, domino Gontero et domino Fastrado de Berlois fratribus, domino Wilelmo de Tongris...”[927]. "...Gonterus de Berle, Libertus de Seline, Fastrardus de Berle…" witnessed the charter dated 1242 under which "Godefridus dominus de Parweys" confirmed the foundations of "avunculo meo domino Gotberto de Brul et a domino Ægidio filio suo de Herge" at Milen[928]. "...Ghonterus de Berlos milites" witnessed the charter dated Nov 1248 under which "Godefridus dominus de Peruez" declared having sold “advocatiam...in villa de Hugardis” to the bishopric of Liège[929]. “Arnoldus comes de Los et de Chyney” and “Gunterus de Borlo miles” settled disputes between the abbot of Saint-Trond and “Hugonem de Borlo militem...de consilio...Willelmi fratris sui”, represented by “Vastradum de Berlo militem”, concerning rights in Borlo by charter dated 5/6 Dec 1253[930]. m --- de Héron, daughter of GERARD de Héron & his wife ---. The mid-13th century book of Guillaume Ryckel Abbot of Saint-Trond records that “quondam Gerardus de Hyrans miles” had two daughters of whom one married “Baldwinus de Thorenbus vel Thorenbusel miles” and the other “Gunterus de Borlos”, by whom she had “Gerardum militem et plures alios pueros”[931]. Gonthier & his wife had one child:

a) GERARD [I] de Berlo dit de Héron (-after 19 Jun 1257). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 23 Sep 1243 under which “Gerardus miles de Heiran” recognised Floreffe abbey as his suzerain, sealed by “sigilli patris mei Gonteri militis de Berlois”[932]. Maréchal of the bishopric of Liège: “G. miles de Herans marescalcus domini H…Leodiensis electi” acknowledged rights of Liège Saint-Lambert over “nemore de Ramilhuel” by charter dated 16 Feb 1254[933]. A charter dated Mar 1254, relating to “la dime de Hoton et de Melroit” donated to Val-Saint-Lambert, records the presence of “...sangnor Gerar de Herans le marescal”[934]. A charter dated 30 May 1254 records an arbitration before “mon saignor Gerart de Herant mareschal le veske de Liege”[935]. “Gérard de Héron chevalier” is listed among “les hommes delle Chise Dieu ou allodiaux de Liège” 19 Jun 1257[936]. m --- de Velroux, daughter of RENIER Seigneur de Velroux & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Gerart de Heran chevalier” married the daughter of “monss. Renier de Vellerous”[937]. Gérard [I] & his wife had three children:

i) GERARD [II] de Berlo (-after 16 May 1306). Jacques de Hemricourt names “mess. Gerars de Bierlouz” as the son of “mons. Gerart de Heran chevalier” and his wife the daughter of “monss. Renier de Vellerous”[938].

- see below.

ii) --- de Berlo . Jacques de Hemricourt names “dois filhes...ly une mariée a monss. Colars de Bossut de leis Covien, s’en issirent Houwars et Gerars de Bossut...” and his wife the daughter of “monss. Renier de Vellerous”[939]. m NICOLAS de Boussu-en-Fagne, son of ---.

iii) --- de Berlo . Jacques de Hemricourt names “dois filhes...ly atre sereure fut mariée alle Maleaise, s’en issit Iohan delle Maleaise, dont y sont ly hoirs assy” as the daughters of “mons. Gerart de Heran chevalier” and his wife the daughter of “monss. Renier de Vellerous”[940]. m --- de la Malaise, son of ---.

2. FASTRE [I] de Berlo (-after 6 Dec 1253). “...Fastradus de Berlo...” witnessed the charter dated 1221 under which “Anselme chevalier de Versaines” sold “sa dîme de Houpertingen”, held from the Comte de Looz, to Herckenrode abbey[941]. Val May 1224. Maréchal of the bishopric of Liège: "de militibus...Antonius de Warfesees, Fastredus de Bierloz marescalcus domini Leodiensis episcopi et Gonterus frater eius..." witnessed the charter dated 6 Jan 1233 (O.S.) under which "Henricus marchio Namucensis comes Viennensis et Margareta marchionissa et comitissa uxor nostra" confirmed holding "castrum Sansonum" from the bishop of Liège[942]. "...Domino Fastrado marescallo, domino Anthonio de Warfeseez, domino Gonthero de Berloz..." witnessed the charter dated 21 Apr 1234 under which "J. comes de [Roceyo] dominus Petrepontis" confirmed that "Willericus de Apia" relinquished rights “in Havelanges quam Goseez” in favour of the bishop of Liège[943]. “Fastradus de Berlos mariscalcus...” witnessed the charter dated Jun 1235 under which Jean Bishop of Liège confirmed "villa de Jerra...advocatiam" to Flône abbey[944]. "Arnaldus dominus de Biafort iuxta Hoium" hypothecated "decimas...de Bens, de Beafort, de Giures, de Viler, de Louignes, de Ahiers, et de Lauacherecce" to Liège Saint-Lambert by charter dated 25 Jun 1235, witnessed by “Fastradus de Berlo...Otto de Wafresees, Eustacius dictus li Persans de Honeffe, Radulphus de Cella, Rigaldus, Egidius fratres mei milites”[945]. "...Gonterus de Berle, Libertus de Seline, Fastrardus de Berle…" witnessed the charter dated 1242 under which "Godefridus dominus de Parweys" confirmed the foundations of "avunculo meo domino Gotberto de Brul et a domino Ægidio filio suo de Herge" at Milen[946]. “Fastré chevalier de Berlo, Eustache et Fastré ses fils” permitted “Wéri chevalier d’Oleye” to dispose of property at Oleye by charter dated 31 Mar 1248[947]. Fastré de Berlo witnessed the charter dated 18 Jun 1256 of the abbey of Saint-Trond[948]. “Arnoldus comes de Los et de Chyney” and “Gunterus de Borlo miles” settled disputes between the abbot of Saint-Trond and “Hugonem de Borlo militem...de consilio...Willelmi fratris sui”, represented by “Vastradum de Berlo militem”, concerning rights in Borlo by charter dated 5/6 Dec 1253[949]. m ---. The name of Fastré’s wife is not known. Fastré [I] & his wife had two children:

a) EUSTACHE de Berlo (-before 8 Jul 1272). “Fastré chevalier de Berlo, Eustache et Fastré ses fils” permitted “Wéri chevalier d’Oleye” to dispose of property at Oleye by charter dated 31 Mar 1248[950]. m ---. The name of Eustache’s wife is not known. Eustache & his wife had [five] children:

i) ROBERT de Berlo (-after 8 Jul 1272). “Dame Sibille abbesse de la Paix-Dieu au nom de damoiselle Anne religieuse en cette abbaye” and “Robert, Fastré et Guillaume fils de feu Eustache de Berlo et Clarin de Ville époux de Marie fille dudit Eustache” donated property “à Hodeige et à Laminne” to “Guillaume de Berlo chanoine de Saint-Paul à Liège” by charter dated 8 Jul 1272[951].

ii) FASTRE [III] de Berlo (-after 24 Oct 1281). “Dame Sibille abbesse de la Paix-Dieu au nom de damoiselle Anne religieuse en cette abbaye” and “Robert, Fastré et Guillaume fils de feu Eustache de Berlo et Clarin de Ville époux de Marie fille dudit Eustache” donated property “à Hodeige et à Laminne” to “Guillaume de Berlo chanoine de Saint-Paul à Liège” by charter dated 8 Jul 1272[952]. Liège Sainte-Croix granted “un moulin...à Waremme, près du pont...” to “Fastré de Berlo, fils de feu Eustache de Berlo, chevalier” by charter dated 24 Oct 1281, witnessed by “Gérard seigneur de Berlo et Arnoul de Corswarem chevaliers...”[953]. same person as...? FASTRE [IV] de Berlo . m as her first husband, AGNES de Blehen, daughter of ---. Jacques de Hemricourt names “dame Agnes quy fut sereur a mons. Piere de Blehen...” as wife of “Fastreit de Bierlouz”, adding that she married secondly “mons. Gerar de Blehen”[954]. She married secondly Gérard de Blehen. In a later passage, Jacques de Hemricourt records that the younger daughter of “vielhes mons. Thomas de Hemricourt” married “a Blehen” and had “le vielhe messire Gerart de Blehen” whose daughter married “a Bierlouz” and that “mess. Gerars de Blehen fis de viez mons. Godefroid de Blehen” married “a dame Agnes sereure de monss. Pire de Blehen, qui en devant avoit marit Fastreit de Bierlouz” by whom (“dedit Fastreit”) she had “une filhe...mariée a mons. Wilhelme de Warfeseez manant a Pepenges”[955]. Fastré [IV] & his wife had children:

(a) --- de Berlo . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Wilhelme de Pepenge” married “alle filhe Fastreit de Bierlouz engenrée en dame Agnes quy fut sereur a mons. Piere de Blehen...”[956]. m GUILLAUME de Warfusée dit de Pépenge, son of RASO [III] Seigneur de Warfusée & his first wife --- de Vierve.

iii) GUILLAUME de Berlo (-after 8 Jul 1272). “Dame Sibille abbesse de la Paix-Dieu au nom de damoiselle Anne religieuse en cette abbaye” and “Robert, Fastré et Guillaume fils de feu Eustache de Berlo et Clarin de Ville époux de Marie fille dudit Eustache” donated property “à Hodeige et à Laminne” to “Guillaume de Berlo chanoine de Saint-Paul à Liège” by charter dated 8 Jul 1272[957]. m as her first husband, --- de Blehen, daughter of [GODEFROI] Seigneur de Blehen & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that the younger daughter of “vielhes mons. Thomas de Hemricourt” married “a Blehen” and had “le vielhe messire Gerart de Blehen” whose daughter married “a Bierlouz” and that “mess. Gerars de Blehen fis de viez mons. Godefroid de Blehen” married “a dame Agnes sereure de monss. Pire de Blehen, qui en devant avoit marit Fastreit de Bierlouz” by whom (“dedit Fastreit”) she had “une filhe...mariée a mons. Wilhelme de Warfeseez manant a Pepenges”[958]. In a later passage, Jacques de Hemricourt clarifies that “ly filhe de viez monss. Godefroid quy fut sereure a monss. Gerart, monss. Badewiens et Iohans de Blehen” married “Wilhelme de Bierlouz et croy que che Wilhelme fut frere a Fastreit de Bierlouz quy soy maritat a dame Agnes sereur de monss. Pire de Blehen”, and that she married secondly “a on saingnor Gontir Conrar de Bierlouz avoweit de Sclachins quy estoit veves”[959]. She married secondly Gonthier Conrad de Berlo. [Jacques de Hemricourt, in one passage, indicates that Guillaume and his wife were the parents of the six siblings whom he shows elsewhere as the children of Gérard [V] de Berlo].

iv) MARIE de Berlo . “Dame Sibille abbesse de la Paix-Dieu au nom de damoiselle Anne religieuse en cette abbaye” and “Robert, Fastré et Guillaume fils de feu Eustache de Berlo et Clarin de Ville époux de Marie fille dudit Eustache” donated property “à Hodeige et à Laminne” to “Guillaume de Berlo chanoine de Saint-Paul à Liège” by charter dated 8 Jul 1272[960]. m CLARIN de Ville, son of ---.

v) [ANNE (-after 8 Jul 1272). “Dame Sibille abbesse de la Paix-Dieu au nom de damoiselle Anne religieuse en cette abbaye” and “Robert, Fastré et Guillaume fils de feu Eustache de Berlo et Clarin de Ville époux de Marie fille dudit Eustache” donated property “à Hodeige et à Laminne” to “Guillaume de Berlo chanoine de Saint-Paul à Liège” by charter dated 8 Jul 1272[961]. The document does not specify that Anne was another daughter of Eustache de Berlo but this appears likely.]

b) FASTRE [II] de Berlo (-after 18 Mar 1269). “Fastré chevalier de Berlo, Eustache et Fastré ses fils” permitted “Wéri chevalier d’Oleye” to dispose of property at Oleye by charter dated 31 Mar 1248[962]. Maréchal of the bishopric of Liège: A charter dated 18 Mar 1269 records an agreement between “Garsilio de Vallibus” and the abbey of Val-Dieu, naming “...Fastradi de Berloz marescalci...”[963].

c) [GUILLAUME de Berlo (-after 8 Jul 1272). “Dame Sibille abbesse de la Paix-Dieu au nom de damoiselle Anne religieuse en cette abbaye” and “Robert, Fastré et Guillaume fils de feu Eustache de Berlo et Clarin de Ville époux de Marie fille dudit Eustache” donated property “à Hodeige et à Laminne” to “Guillaume de Berlo chanoine de Saint-Paul à Liège” by charter dated 8 Jul 1272[964]. The document does not specify any family relationship between the donors and the donee, but it is likely that they were closely related: maybe Guillaume was their paternal uncle.]

GERARD [II] de Berlo, son of GERARD [I] de Berlo dit de Héron & his wife --- de Velroux (-after 16 May 1306). “...Gérard de Berloz...” witnessed the charter dated 10 Nov 1276 under which Jean Bishop of Liège recorded a dispute between Val Saint-Lambert and Jean Comte de Looz[965]. Maréchal of the bishopric of Liège: “mes sire Gerars li marescaus le vesque” is named among those who fought during the so-called “Guerre de la Vache” in 1278[966]. Seigneur de Berlo. Letters dated 4 Apr 1280 record that “Gerars sire de Berlos chevalier” held “la forteresse de Berlo” from “[le] comte Ernon de Los”[967]. “...Henricus dominus de Pittershem, Gerardus dominus de Berle, Wilelmus de Novo Castro...milites...” witnessed the charter dated Aug 1282 under which “Arnoldus comes Lossensis” sold “advocatiam ville de Halegteren” to Saint-Trond “Vastradum de Berlo militem”, concerning rights in Borlo by charter dated 5/6 Dec 1253[968]. “Robert de Wavrin seigneur de Saint-Venant, Gérard seigneur de Bierlos et Louis seigneur de Harmale chevaliers” were named arbitrators in a charter dated 30 Sep 1283 to resolve a dispute between Val Saint-Lambert and the Soheit family[969]. A charter dated 1291 records the arbitration of another dispute submitted to “Gérard de Berloz chevalier”[970]. “W[illelmo] comite de Salmis, domino Jacobo domino de Clermont, domino Gerardo de Berloz...militibus...” are named as “nostris hominibus feodalibus” of the bishop of Liège in a charter dated 17 Apr 1295[971]. “...Gerar de Berlos...” witnessed the charter dated 19 Nov 1297 under which records rights of the bishopric of Liège during the vacancy of the see[972]. “Gérard de Berlo et Guillaume de Warues chevaliers, Rasson fils du susdit Gérard...” witnessed the charter dated 5 Jan 1298 (O.S.) which records an agreement between Val Saint-Lambert and citizens of Seraing[973]. Chestret de Haneffe records that Gerard de Berlo was named in charters of Liège Saint-Jacques dated 4 Dec 1293, 21 Jun 1296, 6 Dec 1305, and 16 May 1306[974]. Avoué de Sclessin: Hemricourt’s Abrégé des Guerres d’Awans et de Waroux records that “Mess. Anthone [de Iemeppe]” requested help from “monss. Gerars de Bierlouz avoveit de Sclachiens peire de mons. Gontier Conrar, et ly saing. de Warous ly jovenes monss. Hustin de Seraing et Wilhelme son freire, quy estoient oncles alle dit monss. Anthone” after “ly sires d’Awans” attacked his newly built “casteal a Gemeppe” in 1298[975]. “Gérard de Berlo chevalier agissant au nom de Gérard son petit-fils, enfant mineur de feu Gérard son fils” donated rights in the mill at Chantoigne to Stavelot abbey by charter dated 6 Oct 1304[976].

[m firstly (before 10 Apr 1262) AGNES, daughter of ---. “Jacobus dominus de Claromonte et Henricus dominus de Harmale” noted that "domicella Agnes uxor Gerardi de Berloz" donated land "apud Hotines", which she held "de feodo nostro in dotem...dotata...per dictum Gerardum maritum eius", to Flône abbey, with the consent of "sui mamburni et tutoris...domini Rassonis militis de Warfeseie", by charter dated 10 Apr 1262[977]. The chronology indicates that Agnes’s “tutor” was Raso [II] Seigneur de Warfusée. The consent of her “tutor” suggests that Agnes was still a minor at the time of the donation, despite the reference to her husband, which indicates that it was probably made as part of the arrangements for her marriage. The “tutor” was presumably Agnes’s close relative. If that is correct, the chronology suggests that Raso [II] was too old to have been her father: Agnes is shown in this document as Raso’s possible granddaughter, only in order to place her somewhere in the Warfusée family. The identity of Agnes’s husband is uncertain. She could have been a second wife of Gérard de Berlo dit de Héron, married late in his life, or a first wife of Gérard Seigneur de Berlo. The use of the name Raso by Gerard’s son, shown below, suggests that the latter possibility is more likely.]

m [secondly] GEILE de Velroux, daughter of HERMAN de Velroux dit de Sclessin & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Herman de Sclachiens freire a mons. Warnier le chien et secon fis a monss. renier de Vellerous” had a daughter “Geyle” who was mother of “mess. Gerars de Bierlouz et mess. Gontirs Conar ses fis”[978]. Heiress of the avouerie of Sclessin.

Gérard [II] & his [first/second] wife had one child:

1. RASO de Berlo (-after 5 Jan 1299). “Gérard de Berlo et Guillaume de Warues chevaliers, Rasson fils du susdit Gérard...” witnessed the charter dated 5 Jan 1298 (O.S.) which records an agreement between Val Saint-Lambert and citizens of Seraing[979].

Gérard [II] & his [second] wife had two children:

2. GERARD [III] de Berlo (-before 6 Oct 1304). A charter dated 5 Jan 1299 names “Gérard de Berlo et de Raes” as son of Gérard de Berlo[980]. “Gérard de Berlo chevalier agissant au nom de Gérard son petit-fils, enfant mineur de feu Gérard son fils” donated rights in the mill at Chantoigne to Stavelot abbey by charter dated 6 Oct 1304[981]. [It is possible that Gérard was killed during the local wars which took place at the end-13th/early 14th century: Hemricourt’s Abrégé des Guerres d’Awans et de Waroux records “gran hayme” between “les enfans de Flemale dune part” and “le voweit de Sclachiens et cheaz de linage de Sclachiens et de Bierlouz d’atrepart” and records that “Pevereal Dothée...cuzien germain alle saingnor d’Awans” killed “an la savenire a Liege droit sor Mouze al devant del hospitaz, Gerars de Bierlouz cuzienz al voweit de Sclachiens”[982]. The event can probably be dated to [1297/98] from the context, as the following article in the text records events in 1298 (assuming that the narrative is chronological). The difficulty is that the victim Gérard de Berlo was called “cuzienz” of the avoué de Sclessins, whereas Gérard [II] (senior) Avoué de Sclessins was the father of Gérard [III] (junior). It is therefore possible that Gérard de Berlo, who was killed, was a more distant relative, and that Gérard [III] son of the avoué de Sclessins died under other circumstances, although no other reference has been found to another Gérard de Berlo of the right age.] m ---. The early death of Gérard de Berlo suggests that the following marriage maybe correct. [same person as...? --- de Berlo . The identity of this person is uncertain. It should be noted that Hemricourt’s text (which appears to be the only primary source which records her parentage and marriages) does not name her first husband. It also describes him as “seigneur de Berlo”, a title which Gérard de Berlo never held as he predeceased his father. m as her first husband, --- de Duras, daughter of ---. She married secondly Gerhard von der Mark. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Gerars delle Marche chevaliers bannerez” married “alle sereur de saingnor de Duras adont vivant” who had previously married “al saingnor de Bierlouz”[983]. Europäische Stammtafeln names her “Isabelle, widow of Gérard de Berlo, daughter of Jean Seigneur de Duras”[984]. No primary source has been identified which confirms any of these three names, which are probably speculative.] Gérard [III] & his wife had one child:

a) GERARD [IV] de Berlo (-after Jun 1316). “Gérard de Berlo chevalier agissant au nom de Gérard son petit-fils, enfant mineur de feu Gérard son fils” donated rights in the mill at Chantoigne to Stavelot abbey by charter dated 6 Oct 1304[985]. He signed the peace of Fexhe in Jun 1316 (information reproduced in many secondary sources without any source citation, the primary source on which it is based has not been identified). [same person as...? GERARD [V] de Berlo . Jacques de Hemricourt names “monss. Gerars saingnor de Bierlouz” as son of the first marriage of “[li] sereur de saingnor de Duras adont vivant” who had previously married “al saingnor de Bierlouz”[986]. m ---. The name of Gérard’s wife is not known. Hemricourt, in one passage, indicates that Gérard [V] de Berlo was the father of the six siblings who are shown below.]

3. GONTHIER CONRAD de Berlo (-after [1335]). A charter dated 1298 names “Gérard de Berlo voué de Sclessin [et] son fils Gonthier Conrard”[987]. Avoué de Sclessin, inherited from his father presumably because his nephew Gérard was a minor at the time and so excluded from the succession. Hemricourt’s Abrégé des Guerres d’Awans et de Waroux names “messire Gontir Conrar de Bierlouz avoweit de Sclachiens” among those who took part in hostilities at the time of the battle of Dommartin (dated to 1325)[988]. “Wathi de Warfusée seigneur de Moumale, Gontier Conrard de Berlo, chevaliers...” signed the peace agreement to end the war in Liège, undated but maybe dated to [1335][989]. m firstly ---. The identity of Gonthier Conrad’s first wife has not been confirmed, but his first marriage is confirmed by Jacques de Hemricourt who describes him as “veves” when recording his marriage to the widow of Guillaume de Berlo (see below). m secondly as her second husband, --- de Blehen, widow of GUILLAUME de Berlo, daughter of [GODEFROI] Seigneur de Blehen & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt states that “ly filhe de viez monss. Godefroid quy fut sereure a monss. Gerart, monss. Badewiens et Iohans de Blehen” married “Wilhelme de Bierlouz et croy que che Wilhelme fut frere a Fastreit de Bierlouz quy soy maritat a dame Agnes sereur de monss. Pire de Blehen”, and that she married secondly “a on saingnor Gontir Conrar de Bierlouz avoweit de Sclachins quy estoit veves”[990]. Gonthier Conrad & his first wife had children:

a) [RASO de Berlo . Avoué de Sclessin. The primary source which confirms Raso’s parentage has not been identified. However, his succession to the avouerie de Sclessin suggests that he was the oldest son of Gonthier Conrad de Berlo, presumably born from the latter’s first marriage. m --- de Brus, daughter of JEAN de Brus & his wife --- de Leutes. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Iohan de Brus” married “alle filhe mons. Iakeme de Leutes” and that their daughter married “monsieur Rasse de Bierlouz avoweit de Sclachins”, naming their children “Iohan de Brus...marieis a une des filhes monss. Ernus de Corswareme jadit saingnor de Momale et ly filhe...mariée a monsieur Iohan de Nandreu saingnor de Vellerous”[991].]

Gonthier Conrad & his second wife had three children:

b) CONRAD de Berlo . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Conrar de Froidbixhe et dois sereurs, de quele Conrar n’est demoreis nus hoirs legitime, mais ilh en font plusieurs bastars et bastarde” as the children of “mons. Gontir Conrar de Bierlouz” and his [second] wife[992].

c) AGNES de Berlo . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Conrar de Froidbixhe et dois sereurs” as the children of “mons. Gontir Conrar de Bierlouz” and his [second] wife, adding that “une des sereurs dedit Conrar...Angnes” married “a Iohan de Waleve manant a Vileir deleis Hanut” by whom she had “Iohan de Vileir et Conrardin et une filhe quy est none alle Vaz-Nostre-Dame. Ly dis Iohans de Vileir est novellement marieis alle femme Wilhelme de Tyleur, quy fut fis Wilhelme de Montengneez esquevin de Tyleur et Conrardin ses freires est assy tot novellement marieiz alle filhe Iohan de Riwecheaz”[993]. m JEAN de Walève, son of ---.

d) --- de Berlo . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Conrar de Froidbixhe et dois sereurs” as the children of “mons. Gontir Conrar de Bierlouz” and his [second] wife[994]. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Wilhelme ly Polain Daleur dit Longue espee” married “une des filhes monssieur Gontier Conrar de Bierlo avoué de Sclessin sen furent et encor sont plusseurs enfans”[995]. m GUILLAUME le Polain d’Aleur dit Longue Epée, son of JEAN le Polain de Waroux & his second wife --- d’Awans.

1. GERARD [VI] de Berlo . This Gérard de Berlo has not otherwise been identified. m --- de Huy, daughter of HUBAILLE de Huy & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt names “Houbailhe de Huy” adding that “de queil Houbailhe issit ly femme monss. Gerart de Bierlouz le viez”[996].

Six siblings. Jacques de Hemricourt records their parentage in two contradictory passages, either as the children of Gérard [V] de Berlo or of Guillaume de Berlo. The fact that Jean de Berlo is titled “seigneur de Berlo” suggests seniority in the Berlo lineage and therefore that the former alternative is the more likely possibility. If their father was Gérard [V] de Berlo, their mother could not have been (recorded as the wife of Guillaume de Berlo) as dispensation for her second marriage to Gonthier Conrad de Berlo (probable paternal uncle of Gérard [V]) would have been unlikely.

1. GERARD [VII] de Berlo (-killed in battle Bassewilre). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “monss. Gerars saingnor de Bierlouz”, son of the first marriage of “[li] sereur de saingnor de Duras adont vivant”, had four sons “dont ly trois fis ainsneis...escuwiers” died without heirs[997]. Jacques de Hemricourt names “Gerar quy morit alle batailhe de Bossewike, Wilhelme et Libier, quy morirent en Flandre alle siege de Gan, mess. Iohans ly plus jovenes quy fut sires de Bierlouz et dois sereurs” as the children of “Wilhelme de Bierlouz” and his wife[998].

2. GUILLAUME de Berlo (-Gent). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “monss. Gerars saingnor de Bierlouz”, son of the first marriage of “[li] sereur de saingnor de Duras adont vivant”, had four sons “dont ly trois fis ainsneis...escuwiers” died without heirs[999]. Jacques de Hemricourt names “Gerar quy morit alle batailhe de Bossewike, Wilhelme et Libier, quy morirent en Flandre alle siege de Gan, mess. Iohans ly plus jovenes quy fut sires de Bierlouz et dois sereurs” as the children of “Wilhelme de Bierlouz” and his wife[1000].

3. LIBERT de Berlo (-Gent). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “monss. Gerars saingnor de Bierlouz”, son of the first marriage of “[li] sereur de saingnor de Duras adont vivant”, had four sons “dont ly trois fis ainsneis...escuwiers” died without heirs[1001]. Jacques de Hemricourt names “Gerar quy morit alle batailhe de Bossewike, Wilhelme et Libier, quy morirent en Flandre alle siege de Gan, mess. Iohans ly plus jovenes quy fut sires de Bierlouz et dois sereurs” as the children of “Wilhelme de Bierlouz” and his wife[1002].

4. JEAN de Berlo (-[1395]). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “monss. Gerars saingnor de Bierlouz”, son of the first marriage of “[li] sereur de saingnor de Duras adont vivant”, had four sons of which “ly quars...Iohan fut chevalier et sires de Bierloz”, adding that he had died “novellement” leaving “plusieurs jovenes enfans”[1003]. Jacques de Hemricourt names “Gerar quy morit alle batailhe de Bossewike, Wilhelme et Libier, quy morirent en Flandre alle siege de Gan, mess. Iohans ly plus jovenes quy fut sires de Bierlouz et dois sereurs” as the children of “Wilhelme de Bierlouz” and his wife[1004]. Seigneur de Berlo. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Iohan...chevalier et sires de Bierloz” had died “novellement” leaving “plusieurs jovenes enfans”[1005]. m MARIA van Gavre, daughter of WILLEM van Gavre Heer van Steenkerke & his second wife Jeanne [de Berlo/de Thiennes]. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Marie de Gavre”, daughter of “mons. Wilhelme de Gauvre dit de Herimeis saingnor de Stenkerke” and his wife “ly tirce filhe de...saingnor de Thynes”, married “ly saingnor de Bierlo”, a second passage naming her husband “Iohan...chevalier et sires de Bierloz”[1006]. Jean & his wife had four children .

a) JEAN de Berlo . Jacques de Hemricourt names “quarte jovenes enfans...Iohan et Wilhelme et dois filhettes” as the children of “mess. Iohan saingnor de Bierlouz” and his wife[1007].

b) GUILLAUME de Berlo . Jacques de Hemricourt names “quarte jovenes enfans...Iohan et Wilhelme et dois filhettes” as the children of “mess. Iohan saingnor de Bierlouz” and his [first] wife[1008].

c) --- de Berlo . Jacques de Hemricourt names “ly ainsnée at Libiert fil mess. Gerart Morea de Hallet, ly seconde at Rasse de Brus et est dame de Bierlo et ont grans nombre d’enfans” as the daughters of “ly saingnor de Bierlo” and his [second] wife[1009]. m GERARD Moreau Seigneur de Halley, son of ---.

d) --- de Berlo (-after [1400]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “ly ainsnée at Libiert fil mess. Gerart Morea de Hallet, ly seconde at Rasse de Brus et est dame de Bierlo et ont grans nombre d’enfans” as the daughters of “ly saingnor de Bierlo” and his [second] wife[1010]. Dame de Berlo. m RASO de Brus, son of ---.

5. --- de Berlo . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “une des sereurs de...mons. Iohan saingnor de Bierlouz” married firstly “alle jovene monss. Iohan saingnor de Langdris quy morit sains hoirs” and secondly “al monss. Rogier de Bixte deleis Stockehem”[1011]. Jacques de Hemricourt names “Gerar quy morit alle batailhe de Bossewike, Wilhelme et Libier, quy morirent en Flandre alle siege de Gan, mess. Iohans ly plus jovenes quy fut sires de Bierlouz et dois sereurs” as the children of “Wilhelme de Bierlouz” and his wife, adding that the older sister married firstly “al jovene mons. Iohan saingnor de Langdris qui morit sains hoirs” and secondly “alle fil mons. Rogier de Bixte deleis Stokehem et est demorée veves sains hoirs”[1012]. m firstly JEAN Seigneur de Langdris, son of ---. m secondly ROGER Seigneur de Bichte, son of ---.

6. ISABELLE de Berlo (-17 Jan 1414). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly atre sereur de...mons. Iohan saingnor de Bierlouz le jovene” married “a monss. Ernut de Corswareme saingnor de Nyle chevalier” who died “novellement” leaving “des beaz jovenes enfans”[1013]. Jacques de Hemricourt names “Gerar quy morit alle batailhe de Bossewike, Wilhelme et Libier, quy morirent en Flandre alle siege de Gan, mess. Iohans ly plus jovenes quy fut sires de Bierlouz et dois sereurs” as the children of “Wilhelme de Bierlouz” and his wife, adding that the younger sister married “a monss. ernut de Corswareme saingnor de Nyle” by whom she had “dois enfans Ernut et Gerart quy sont encors jovenes”[1014]. m ARNAUD [V] Seigneur de Corswarem et de Niel, son of ARNOUL [IV] Seigneur de Corswarem & his wife Catherine d’Argenteau Dame de Nettines (-7 Oct 1397).

I. SEIGNEURS de CORSWAREM

As noted below, Goethals suggests a relationship between this family and the seigneurs de Berlo (see the previous section in the present document).

1. ROBERT de Corswarem (-before 1251). Goethals records that “Robert de Berlo dit de Corswarem, Seigneur de Corswarem et de Frezin, fils de Fastré seigneur de Berlo, de Corswarem et de Frezin et d’Aleyde de Limbourg” died at the siege of Damieta in 1249, stating that his widow Marguerite entrusted her son Arnaud to repatriate his remains[1015]. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been identified. Robert has not been identified in the Berlo family, although the name Robert was used in that family numerous times. No “Aleyde” has been identified in the Limburg family (see the document LIMBURG, HEINSBERG, VALKENBURG). Robert is named as deceased in his wife’s 1251 charter quoted below. m MARGUERITE [de Jeneffe], daughter of --- (-[27 Jan 1262, bur Liège Franciscans]). “Madame Margarite li veve de Corwaremme ki fu feme a mon saignor Robin de Corwaremme le chevalier” donated revenue from “Hers” to La Paix-Dieu abbey by charter dated 1251, witnessed by “freres Libers de Corwaremme, freres Wilhiames li maistre dele Pais Deu...”[1016]. Marguerite was closely related to the Jeneffe family, as shown by the charter dated Oct 1239 under which “Balduinus de Gineffe advocatus et castellanus de Waremme et dominus Willelmus de Hemricurt advocatus de Lantremenges” noted that [her son] “Willelmus miles de Corwaremme nepos noster” swore with “domine Margarete matris sue de Corwaremme et domini Balduini de Gineffe” to observe the testament of “frater Arnoldus de Corwaremme frater eius uterinus”[1017]. Goethals records the death of Marguerite 27 Jan 1262 and her burial “chez les frères Mineurs à Liège”[1018]. Robert & his wife had children:

a) ARNAUD [I] de Corswarem (-after Oct 1239). Seigneur de Corswarem. “Arnaldus comes de Los” granted property “in territorio de Niel et de Ginglehen” to “domino Arnuldo de Corwaremme” by charter dated 4 Apr 1239, witnessed by “nobili viro Wilelmo domino de Pitresen, domino Gontero et domino Fastrado de Berlois fratribus, domino Wilelmo de Tongris...”[1019]. The Oct 1239 charter quoted below records that Arnaud joined the Franciscan order.

b) GUILLAUME de Corswarem . “Balduinus de Gineffe advocatus et castellanus de Waremme et dominus Willelmus de Hemricurt advocatus de Lautremenges” notified that “Willelmus miles de Corswaremme nepos noster” confirmed the consecration of a chapel by “domine Margrete matris sue de Corswaremme et domini Balduini de Gineffe...frater suus” in accordance with the testament of “frater Arnoldus de Corwaremme frater eius uterinus”, made by the last-named before he entered the Franciscan order, noting that “dominus...Willelmus...[domino Willelmo filio suo]” requested “avunculos suos...dominum Balduinum, dominum Arnoldum et dominum Robertum fratres de Gineffe et dominum Fastradum de Berlois et dominum Willelmum et dominum Robertum milites de Hemmericurt et Libertum de Rosueth” to act as guarantors, by charter dated Oct 1239, witnessed by “fratre Roberto et fratre Liberto fratribus de Corwaremme...de ordine fratrum minorum...”[1020].

c) ROBERT de Corswarem . Franciscan monk: “Balduinus de Gineffe advocatus et castellanus de Waremme et dominus Willelmus de Hemricurt advocatus de Lautremenges” notified that “Willelmus miles de Corswaremme nepos noster” confirmed the consecration of a chapel by “domine Margrete matris sue de Corswaremme et domini Balduini de Gineffe...frater suus” in accordance with the testament of “frater Arnoldus de Corwaremme frater eius uterinus” by charter dated Oct 1239, witnessed by “fratre Roberto et fratre Liberto fratribus de Corwaremme...de ordine fratrum minorum...”[1021]. Goethals says that Robert and his wife Judith were “les auteurs du rameau de Nandres”[1022]. If that is correct, Robert must have left the Franciscans.

d) LIBERT de Corswarem (-after 1251). Franciscan monk: “Balduinus de Gineffe advocatus et castellanus de Waremme et dominus Willelmus de Hemricurt advocatus de Lautremenges” notified that “Willelmus miles de Corswaremme nepos noster” confirmed the consecration of a chapel by “domine Margrete matris sue de Corswaremme et domini Balduini de Gineffe...frater suus” in accordance with the testament of “frater Arnoldus de Corwaremme frater eius uterinus” by charter dated Oct 1239, witnessed by “fratre Roberto et fratre Liberto fratribus de Corwaremme...de ordine fratrum minorum...”[1023]. “Madame Margarite li veve de Corwaremme ki fu feme a mon saignor Robin de Corwaremme le chevalier” donated revenue from “Hers” to La Paix-Dieu abbey by charter dated 1251, witnessed by “freres Libers de Corwaremme, freres Wilhiames li maistre dele Pais Deu...”[1024].

The following brothers were grandsons of Robert de Corswarem, as shown by the charter dated 26 Oct 1298 quoted below, but the primary source which confirms the identity of their father has not been identified. Goethals says that he was Guillaume, named above, “selon Jalheau”[1025].

1. ARNAUD [II] de Corswarem (-after 26 Oct 1298). Seigneur de Corswarem. “Arnaldus comes Losensis” notified the agreement between La Paix-Dieu abbey and “Liberto de Corwaremme dicto de Nil armigero fratre domini Arnoldi de Corwaremme militis” whereby the latter confirmed donations made by “domina Margareta quondam de Corwaremme avia ipsius Liberti ac dominus Arnoldus quondam miles filius dicte domine Margarete” to the poor of the city of Liège by charter dated 26 Oct 1298, witnessed by “nobilibus viris domino Waltero de Warfeseis domino de Mumalia, domino Waltero domino de Oghen militibus...”[1026]. Goethals states that Arnaud married “Suzanne de Gryse, fille de Baudouin de Gryse chevalier”[1027].

2. LIBERT de Corswarem . “Arnaldus comes Losensis” notified the agreement between La Paix-Dieu abbey and “Liberto de Corwaremme dicto de Nil armigero fratre domini Arnoldi de Corwaremme militis” whereby the latter confirmed donations made by “domina Margareta quondam de Corwaremme avia ipsius Liberti ac dominus Arnoldus quondam miles filius dicte domine Margarete” to the poor of the city of Liège by charter dated 26 Oct 1298[1028].

1. ARNAUD de Corswarem . Jacques de Hemricourt names his grandson “nommeis mess. Ernus de Corwareme com ses peires et son tayon”[1029]. Presumably this was the same person as Arnaud [II] who is named above. m --- Chabot, daughter of JACQUES Chabot & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records the second marriage of “mons. Waltier de Momale freres germain de...mons. Rasses alle petitte boke” and “on veve et done Weve...delle vielhe dame de Gudeghoven...filhe saingnor Iacque Chabot de Noevis esquevin et citain de Liege”, and in a later passage that “monss. Ernut de Corswareme seigngnor de Nyle...fis delle sereure la vielhe Dame de Ghudeghoven, laqueil Dame de Ghudeghoven fut apres femme al dit saingnor de Momale” married the daughter of “de Warfuzees...Waltir...” as shown below[1030]. Arnaud & his wife had two children:

a) ARNAUD [III] de Corswarem (-25 Apr 1338). Jacques de Hemricourt records that the daughter of “de Warfuzees...Waltir...Sires de Momale...et...la filhe mons. Lambert de Chantemierle” married “monss. Ernut de Corswareme seigngnor de Nyle...fis delle sereure la vielhe Dame de Ghudeghoven, laqueil Dame de Ghudeghoven fut apres femme al dit saingnor de Momale”[1031]. Seigneur de Corswarem. m ALIDE de Warfusée, daughter of GAUTHIER de Warfusée dit de Momele & his first wife --- de Chantemerle (-25 Mar 1330). Heiress of Momale. Jacques de Hemricourt records that the daughter of “de Warfuzees...Waltir...Sires de Momale...et...la filhe mons. Lambert de Chantemierle” married “monss. Ernut de Corswareme seigngnor de Nyle...fis delle sereure la vielhe Dame de Ghudeghoven, laqueil Dame de Ghudeghoven fut apres femme al dit saingnor de Momale”[1032]. Arnaud [III] & his wife had two children:

i) ARNAUD [IV] de Corswarem ). Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “monss. Ernut de Corswareme seigngnor de Nyle...” and his wife “ly fis nommeis mess. Ernus de Corwareme com ses peires et son tayon, ilh fur sires de Nyle...ly premier sires de Momale”[1033].

- see below.

ii) --- de Corswarem . Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “monss. Ernut de Corswareme seigngnor de Nyle...” and his wife “une filhe, laqueile fut mariée a monss. Franke de Kersbeyke manant a Tinlement et morit sains hoirs”[1034]. m FRANS van Kersbeek, son of ---.

b) CATHERINE de Corswarem ). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Catherine, quy fut mariée al bon Monss. Renart d’Argenteal quy werriat a cheaz de Liege” as daughter of “Ernus de Corswaremme et delle Damoyselle de Noevis”[1035]. m RENAUD [IV] Seigneur d’Argenteau, son of RENAUD [III] Seigneur d’Argenteau & his wife --- de Visé (-1357).

ARNAUD [IV] de Corswarem, son of ARNAUD [III] Seigneur de Corswarem & his wife Alide de Warfusée ). Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “monss. Ernut de Corswareme seigngnor de Nyle...” and his wife “ly fis nommeis mess. Ernus de Corwareme com ses peires et son tayon, ilh fur sires de Nyle...ly premier sires de Momale”[1036].

m [CATHERINE] d’Argenteau, daughter of THIERRY d’Argenteau Seigneur de Emptinne & his wife Jeanne de Ghoor. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Ernus de Corwareme” married “[alle] filhe de monss. Thiry d’Argenteal saingnor Denetines en Condroz frere al bon monss. Renart saingnor d’Argenteal quy werriat a chiaz de Liege”[1037], in a later passage recording “une vailhante Dame mariée à Monss. Ernut de Corwaremme Saingnor de Nyle quy acquit la Saingnorie de Momalle...” as the daughter of “Mess. Thiris Sires Dennetines...” and his wife[1038]. Ernst names her Catherine (no source cited)[1039].

Arnaud [IV] & his wife had eight children:

1. ARNAUD [V] de Corswarem (-7 Oct 1397). Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “mess. Ernus de Corwareme” and his wife “chink fis et trois filhs...Waltir archidiake de Haynau et monss. Wilhelme andois cannones de saint Lambert...monss. Ernus de Corwareme saingnor de Nyle, monss. Thiri saingnor de Momale et monss. Renart saingnor Dennetines...trois filhes...ly une mariée a monss. Burea de Boneffe et morit sains hoirs, ly seconde a monss. Wilhelme de Hamal saingnor d’Odeur et ly thierce a Iohan saingnor de Brus et de Plainevaz fil de monss. Rasson de Berlouz avoweit de Sclabins chevaliers”[1040]. Seigneur de Corswarem et de Niel. m ISABELLE de Berlo, daughter of --- (-17 Jan 1414). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly atre sereur de...mons. Iohan saingnor de Bierlouz le jovene” married “a monss. Ernut de Corswareme saingnor de Nyle chevalier” who died “novellement” leaving “des beaz jovenes enfans”[1041]. Jacques de Hemricourt names “Gerar quy morit alle batailhe de Bossewike, Wilhelme et Libier, quy morirent en Flandre alle siege de Gan, mess. Iohans ly plus jovenes quy fut sires de Bierlouz et dois sereurs” as the children of “Wilhelme de Bierlouz” and his wife, adding that the younger sister married “a monss. ernut de Corswareme saingnor de Nyle” by whom she had “dois enfans Ernut et Gerart quy sont encors jovenes”[1042].

- SEIGNEURS de CORSWAREM[1043].

2. GAUTHIER de Corswarem . Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “mess. Ernus de Corwareme” and his wife “chink fis...Waltir archidiake de Haynau et monss. Wilhelme andois cannones de saint Lambert...monss. Ernus de Corwareme saingnor de Nyle, monss. Thiri saingnor de Momale et monss. Renart saingnor Dennetines”[1044]. Canon at Liège Saint-Lambert. Archdeacon of Hainaut.

3. GUILLAUME de Corswarem . Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “mess. Ernus de Corwareme” and his wife “chink fis...Waltir archidiake de Haynau et monss. Wilhelme andois cannones de saint Lambert...monss. Ernus de Corwareme saingnor de Nyle, monss. Thiri saingnor de Momale et monss. Renart saingnor Dennetines”[1045]. Canon at Liège Saint-Lambert.

4. THIERRY de Corswarem . Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “mess. Ernus de Corwareme” and his wife “chink fis...Waltir archidiake de Haynau et monss. Wilhelme andois cannones de saint Lambert...monss. Ernus de Corwareme saingnor de Nyle, monss. Thiri saingnor de Momale et monss. Renart saingnor Dennetines”[1046].

5. RENAUD de Corswarem . Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “mess. Ernus de Corwareme” and his wife “chink fis...Waltir archidiake de Haynau et monss. Wilhelme andois cannones de saint Lambert...monss. Ernus de Corwareme saingnor de Nyle, monss. Thiri saingnor de Momale et monss. Renart saingnor Dennetines”[1047].

6. --- de Corswarem . Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “mess. Ernus de Corwareme” and his wife “trois filhs... ly une mariée a monss. Burea de Boneffe et morit sains hoirs, ly seconde a monss. Wilhelme de Hamal saingnor d’Odeur et ly thierce a Iohan saingnor de Brus et de Plainevaz fil de monss. Rasson de Berlouz avoweit de Sclabins chevaliers”[1048]. m BUREAL de Boneffe, son of ---.

7. CATHERINE de Corswarem (-1390). Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “mess. Ernus de Corwareme” and his wife “trois filhs... ly une mariée a monss. Burea de Boneffe et morit sains hoirs, ly seconde a monss. Wilhelme de Hamal saingnor d’Odeur et ly thierce a Iohan saingnor de Brus et de Plainevaz fil de monss. Rasson de Berlouz avoweit de Sclabins chevaliers”[1049]. m GUILLAUME de Hamal Seigneur d’Elderen, son of GILLES de Hamal Seigneur d’Elderen & his wife --- (-2 Feb 1400).

8. --- de Corswarem . Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “mess. Ernus de Corwareme” and his wife “trois filhs... ly une mariée a monss. Burea de Boneffe et morit sains hoirs, ly seconde a monss. Wilhelme de Hamal saingnor d’Odeur et ly thierce a Iohan saingnor de Brus et de Plainevaz fil de monss. Rasson de Berlouz avoweit de Sclabins chevaliers”[1050]. m RASO de Berlo, son of ---.

J. SEIGNEURS de HAMAL

The castle of Hamal, adjacent to Rutten on the banks of the river Ezelsbeek, is located about two kilometres south of Tongeren [Tongres] in the present-day Belgian province of Limburg. The original castle, first mentioned in 1214 when captured by Friedrich II King of Germany, was destroyed in 1346 during a war involving the militia of Tongeren and the bishop of Liège[1051]. The seigneurie de Hamal was an imperial fiefdom and constituted a small buffer territory between the prince-bishopric of Liège and the county of Looz[1052]. Jacques de Hemricourt, when recording the marriage of Guillaume de Hamal (see below), notes that “s’en sont estrais tuit chilh qui sont issus de Casteal de Hamale, dont ly gieste sieroit trop longe a raconteir”, adding that their arms were “d’argent a une faxhe congnelée de geule”[1053]. By contrast, Borman & Poncelet note the Hamal arms as “de gueules à une fasce de cinq fusées d’argent”[1054] which, when Jacques de Hemricourt was writing, had already been recorded as such for more than a century[1055].

Another seigneurie de Hamal was located at Courcelles near Rianwez (property of Bonne-Espérance abbey): the curia of that Hamal is cited in 1145, Clémence de Thuin is recorded as having donated her part of the dîmes from Hamal to Bonne-Espérance in 1162, and Rigaud de Rèves donated rights in the mill at this second Hamal to Bonne-Espérance in 1170[1056]. The Marquis de Trazegnies concludes that a possible Hamal/Thuin connection relates to Hamal-Courcelles not to the Hamal family shown below, although the two Hamal families may have shared a common male-line ancestry considering that they both bore the same arms[1057].

Reconstructing the early generations of the Hamal family is challenging. The Marquis de Trazegnies sums up the situation admirably: “se lancer dans la généalogie des Hamal au Moyen Âge, c’est à peu près comme sauter en parachute de 41.419 mètres d’altitude sans être sûr qu’on ne va pas se retrouver sur la lune… Les sources sont en effet très rares, toutes nos archives ayant été dispersées au cours des siècles. Il reste les chroniqueurs liégeois, comme Jacques de Hemricourt, Santfliet, etc., ainsi que des chartes et des registres civils qui ne brillent pas par leur abondance”[1058]. In his study on the evolution of the Hamal arms, Boissevain suggests that only the Elderen branch (at the end of the present section) is linked with certainty to the earlier seigneurs de Hamal shown below, other branches (including the Hamal-Brialmont, Geer and Cannart families) probably descending through the female line[1059]. The Hamal family was discussed in the 1868 Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique[1060] and studied in 1930 by Bodart[1061].

The ancestry of Guillaume Seigneur de Hamal, shown below, is uncertain. Jalheau names “Daniel de Hamale le vieux Senior de Castro...Sire de Hamale...mort 9 Feb 1256 et...Jeanne...fille d’Arnoul [...Louis] Comte de Looz et d’Alix dite de Louvain” as father of Guillaume de Hamal who is named below, and names his supposed grandfather[1062]. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been identified, but no connection with the Looz family has been found in the Looz sources. Potargent and Galicia’s study of the Jonckholt family (younger branch of Hamal) repeats this parentage, suggesting that Daniel was great-grandson of “Florent...qui vivait vers 1100”: the Marquis de Trazegnies comments that “en réalité cette ascendance semble bien fumeuse”[1063]. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “messires Libiert sires de Geneffe” married “la filhe monssaingnor Wilhelme le Ryche Hamale”, but Borman comments that “l’existence de ce sire de Hamal, qui doit se placer dans la seconde moitié du XIIe siècle, n’est pas authentiquement établie”[1064]. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique observes that “l’enchaînement des premières générations de la famille de Hamal est extrêmement difficile à établir”, suggests errors committed by Hemricourt relating to the family, and notes the unreliability of epitaphs recorded in the church of Hamal (since destroyed)[1065]. Considering the extreme uncertainty regarding supposed earlier generations, the reconstruction shown below starts with Guillaume who lived in the mid-13th century, although certain parts of the earlier reconstruction indicated by Potargent and Galicia do seem credible.

1. GUILLAUME de Hamal (-[before 20 Mar 1269], [bur Elderen]). Seigneur de Hamal. “Willelmus de Hammale” renounced rights over “decimam de Dippebeke” by charter dated Dec 1243[1066]. “Arnoldus de Elsloo miles” granted “advocatiam et omne judicium de villa de Hamale” to “domino Willelmo de Hamale militi” by charter dated 21 Apr 1248[1067]. His marriage and the parentage of his oldest three sons named below are recorded by Jacques de Hemricourt in the passage quoted below. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) notes an epitaph “dans l’église de S’Heeren Elderen” which records the death 10 Oct 1279 and burial of “dominus Wilhelmus miles dominus de Hamele”[1068]. Kockerols provides a full description and reproduction of this epitaph[1069]. The epitaph’s date is inconsistent with the 20 Mar 1268 (O.S.) quoted below in which Guillaume is named as deceased. The 27 Dec 1281 charter quoted below under Guillaume’s son Eustache indicates that Guillaume was deceased before the succession of Arnoul [V] Comte de Looz (in 1278), which indicates that 10 Oct 1279 is the incorrect date. m --- de Haneffe, daughter of EUSTACHE [I] Seigneur de Haneffe & his wife --- de Jauche. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Istasses ly viez Persans de Haneffe” and his wife had five daughters, of whom “...ly quarte al saingnor de Hamale...” [who is unnamed][1070]. The Marquis de Trazegnies names her “Mathilde”[1071]. The primary source which confirms this name has not been identified. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) identifies her husband as Guillaume shown above[1072], which the chronology suggests is a reasonable supposition. Borman, in his edition of Hemricourt, notes that he was part author of this 1868 article and that [writing in 1910] “aucun document nouveau n’est venu ni informer ni confirmer mes conclusions [y contenues]”[1073]. Guillaume & his wife had four children:

a) DANIEL de Hamal (-[7 Jan 1290, bur Hamal]). “Arnulz chevaliers de le Slov et sires delle ville d’Otei” [Arnoul d’Elsloo Seigneur d’Othée] confirmed that “sires Eustasse chevaliers de Hamal filz de mon saingnor Wilhaume chevalier ki ja fut de Hamale” donated property “de la ville d’Otei” to the poor of the city of Liège by charter dated 20 Mar 1268 (O.S.), witnessed by “mon saingnor Danyal de Hamale, mon saingnor Wilhiame son frere...monsaingnor Eustasse de Hamale chevalier...Daniel de Riwechon filh mon saingnor Heneman chevalier ki ja fut de Hamale...”[1074]. Seigneur de Hamal. “Dominus Daniel de Hamale miles nec non Stasmannus et Lodevicus filii eius” are named in a charter dated Feb 1273[1075]. Daniel de Hamal witnessed a charter dated 19 Dec 1279[1076]. An epitaph at Hamal recorded the death “in crastino Ephic” 1289 (O.S.) of “domini Daniel miles dns de Hamale” and “Maria de Hosemont eius uxor” who died “in nocte Tbi et Valeriani”[1077]. Considering the uncertainty regarding the Hamal epitaphs which is noted in the introduction to the present section, this date is shown in square brackets above. m MARIE Surlet, daughter of LOUIS de Müllenarck dit Surlet & his wife Marguerite de Hozémont [Rulant] (-[13 Apr ----, bur Hamal]). Jalheau names Daniel’s wife “Marie Surlet dite de Hozémont morte le 13 avril 1289, fille aînée de Louis de Moylenarcke surnommé Surlet, Echevin de Liège et de Marguerite fille de Gerard de Rulant Comte de Hozémont”[1078]. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Lowys Surles le viez...ly promier [filhe]...Maroie” married “Monss. Daneal de Hamalle” and has “dois fis et dois filhes...Mess: Lowys de Hamalles, Istasse de Hamale, Margriette quy fut mariée a Ernekin de Seraing et une atre quy fut marie alle voweit de Rewechon”, noting that Eustache died “sans hoir”, and provides information concerning Louis’s descendants[1079]. An epitaph at Hamal recorded the death of “domini Daniel miles dns de Hamale” and “Maria de Hosemont eius uxor” who died “in nocte Tbi et Valeriani”[1080]. Considering the uncertainty regarding the Hamal epitaphs which is noted in the introduction to the present section, this date is shown in square brackets above. Daniel & his wife had four children:

i) EUSTACHE de Hamal (-10 Aug [1282, bur Hamal]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “dois fis et dois filhes...Mess: Lowys de Hamalles, Istasse de Hamale, Margriette quy fut mariée a Ernekin de Seraing et une atre quy fut marie alle voweit de Rewechon” as children of “Monss. Daneal de Hamalle” and his wife, noting that Eustache died “sans hoir” [incorrect, see below][1081]. “Dominus Daniel de Hamale miles nec non Stasmannus et Lodevicus filii eius” are named in a charter dated Feb 1273[1082]. An epitaph at Hamal recorded the death “in die beati Laurentii” 1282 of “dominus Eustatius juvenis de Hamalia miles”[1083]. The necrology of Borcette abbey records the death “III Id Aug” of Eustache de Hamal[1084]. m ---. The name of Eustache’s wife is not known. Eustache & his wife had two children:

(a) GUILLAUME de Hamal (-[25 May 1316, bur Hamal]). His parentage is confirmed by his epitaph, quoted below. He succeeded his grandfather as Seigneur de Hamal.

- see below.

(b) EUSTACHE de Hamal (-after 1322). He was named in documents dated 1314, 1318 and 1322[1085].

ii) LOUIS de Hamal (-[13 Mar 1300, bur Hamal]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “dois fis et dois filhes...Mess: Lowys de Hamalles, Istasse de Hamale, Margriette quy fut mariée a Ernekin de Seraing et une atre quy fut marie alle voweit de Rewechon” as children of “Monss. Daneal de Hamalle” and his wife[1086]. “Dominus Daniel de Hamale miles nec non Stasmannus et Lodevicus filii eius” are named in a charter dated Feb 1273[1087]. An epitaph [place not specified, presumably Hamal] records the death 13 Mar 1299 (O.S.) of “dominus Ludowicus de Hamale miles”[1088]. Considering the uncertainty regarding the Hamal epitaphs which is noted in the introduction to the present section, this date is shown in square brackets above. m --- de Gothem, daughter of GUILLAUME “Longue Epée” de Gothem & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that Louis, son of Daniel de Hamal, married “la filhe Monss: Wilhelme Longe Espée de Gottehem” and had “dois fis...Daneal de Hamale et Dans Iohans moynes de saint Iake...apres...de saint Hubert en Ardenne”, adding that Daniel married “a Tongre” and had “trois fis [...ly ainsneis...Lowys] et une filhe mariée a Iohan Groit de Rewechon”[1089].

iii) MARGUERITE de Hamal . Jacques de Hemricourt names “dois fis et dois filhes...Mess: Lowys de Hamalles, Istasse de Hamale, Margriette quy fut mariée a Ernekin de Seraing et une atre quy fut marie alle voweit de Rewechon” as children of “Monss. Daneal de Hamalle” and his wife[1090]. m COLART de Seraing, son of ---.

iv) --- de Hamal . Jacques de Hemricourt names “dois fis et dois filhes...Mess: Lowys de Hamalles, Istasse de Hamale, Margriette quy fut mariée a Ernekin de Seraing et une atre quy fut marie alle voweit de Rewechon” as children of “Monss. Daneal de Hamalle” and his wife[1091]. m --- Avoué de Russon, son of ---.

b) EUSTACHE de Hamal (-[10 Aug 1282, bur Hamal]). “Arnulz chevaliers de le Slov et sires delle ville d’Otei” [Arnoul d’Elsloo Seigneur d’Othée] confirmed that “sires Eustasse chevaliers de Hamal filz de mon saingnor Wilhaume chevalier ki ja fut de Hamale” donated property “de la ville d’Otei” to the poor of the city of Liège by charter dated 20 Mar 1268 (O.S.), witnessed by “mon saingnor Danyal de Hamale, mon saingnor Wilhiame son frere...monsaingnor Eustasse de Hamale chevalier...Daniel de Riwechon filh mon saingnor Heneman chevalier ki ja fut de Hamale...”[1092]. “Arnoldus comes Lossensis” granted “advocatiam villæ de Haleghtere” to “dominum Eustachium de Hamele militem”, confirming an agreement between “dominum Arnoldum bonæ memoriæ comitem Lossensis” and “dominum Wilhelmum de Hamele bonæ memoriæ militem quondam patrem dicti domini Eustachii”, by charter dated 27 Dec 1281[1093]. An epitaph at Hamal records the burial of “dominus Eustatius iuvenis de Hamale miles” who died 1282 “in die Laurentii”[1094].

- SEIGNEURS d’OTHEE, HAMAL de SOY[1095].

c) GUILLAUME de Hamal (-after 1296). “Arnulz chevaliers de le Slov et sires delle ville d’Otei” [Arnoul d’Elsloo Seigneur d’Othée] confirmed that “sires Eustasse chevaliers de Hamal filz de mon saingnor Wilhaume chevalier ki ja fut de Hamale” donated property “de la ville d’Otei” to the poor of the city of Liège by charter dated 20 Mar 1268 (O.S.), witnessed by “mon saingnor Danyal de Hamale, mon saingnor Wilhiame son frere...monsaingnor Eustasse de Hamale chevalier...Daniel de Riwechon filh mon saingnor Heneman chevalier ki ja fut de Hamale...”[1096]. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) notes charters dated 1285, 1293 and 1296 in which he is named[1097]. m CATHERINE de Mulken, daughter of GILLES de Mulken & his wife --- (-after 1285). She is named in a charter dated 1285[1098]. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) notes a charter dated 1312 which names her[1099]. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

i) GILLES de Hamal (-24 Sep 1354, bur Elderen). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified, although it is indicated by his succession to Elderen. Seigneur d’Elderen, Herne & Schalkhoven. An epitaph at Elderen records the death 24 Sep 1354 of “dominus Egidius de Hamala miles et dominus de Eldris”[1100].

- see below.

d) JEAN de Hamal (-after 1285). Seigneur de Hern et de Schalkhoven. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) notes that Jean sold land in his seigneuries to Herckenrode, ratified “par le comte de Looz” by charter dated 25 May 1284[1101]. He is named in a charter dated 1285[1102]. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) notes that Jean transferred “ses seigneuries à son frère Guillaume” in 1300, without citing the source which confirms this information[1103].

Two siblings. Their precise parentage has not been ascertained. The chronology suggests that they were descendants of the Hamal de Soy family, maybe children or grandchildren of Eustache de Hamal whose epitaph records his death 10 Aug 1282 (see above).

1. EUSTACHE de Hamal . He is named as brother of Cécile in the secondary source cited below. The primary source which names him has not been identified.

2. CECILE de Hamal ([1280/90?]-after 9 Sep 1321). Her possible date of birth is suggested by the chronology of her first husband’s family. Borman records that “Rase de Liedekerke dit de Beaufort écuyer sire de Beaufort” married “Cécile de Hamal (sœur d’Eustache)” who married secondly “Jean le Soris”[1104]. Cécile de Hamal, widow of Jean le Soris, with “Henri le Beau son mambour”, listed fiefs inherited from her [second] husband by charter dated 9 Sep 1321[1105]. m firstly RASO van Gavre Seigneur de Beaufort, son of SIGER van Gavre Seigneur de Beaufort & his wife Sophie de Beaufort (-after 24 Nov 1299). m secondly JEAN le Soris, son of --- (-before 9 Sep 1321).

GUILLAUME de Hamal, son of EUSTACHE de Hamal & his wife --- (-[25 May 1316, bur Hamal]). His parentage is confirmed by his epitaph, quoted below. He succeeded his grandfather as Seigneur de Hamal. An epitaph at Hamal recorded the death “in die beati Laurentii” 1282 of “dominus Eustatius juvenis de Hamalia miles” and “die beati Urbani” 1316 of “Wilhelmus miles dominus de Hamalia filius domini Eustatii predicti”[1106]. Considering the uncertainty regarding the Hamal epitaphs which is noted in the introduction to the present section, this date is shown in square brackets above.

m ---. The name of Guillaume’s wife is not known. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) suggests that “elle aurait été sœur d’Engelbert de la Marck évêque de Liège” [son of Engelbert [II] Graf von der Mark, see the document FRANCONIA LOWER RHINE], based on the following document[1107]. The Chronicon Cornelii Zantfleit (written 1445/61) records the siege in Sep 1346 of the castle of [her son] “dominus Hammalia...nepos et marescallus episcopi Engilberti” during the Liège/Huy war[1108]. However, “nepos” could in the mid-14th century indicate a more remote family relationship than nephew, especially when referring to a connection with a prominent ecclesiastical personage. In addition, the Annuaire’s suggested relationship would presumably require a Papal dispensation for the first marriage of Jean de Hamal’s daughter Isabelle (see below). No record of such dispensation has been found, although the document in question may not have survived. At a stretch, the term “nepos” could even indicate Jean’s family relationship with the Mark family which resulted from his own daughter’s marriage.

Guillaume & his wife had one child:

1. JEAN de Hamal (-30 Jun 1386, bur Hamal). Seigneur de Hamal. Jacques de Hemricourt names him “mons. Iohan saing. de Hermale quy tenut estoit pour le plus loyal et prodomme Chevalier quy fuist en ce pays” when recording his marriage[1109]. Maréchal of the bishopric of Liège: Poncelet provides details of his career[1110]. The Chronicon Cornelii Zantfleit records the siege in Sep 1346 of the castle of “dominus Hammalia...nepos et marescallus episcopi Engilberti” during the Liège/Huy war[1111]. An epitaph at Hamal records the burial of “monsignour Johans sires de Hamale” who died 30 Jun 1386 and of “dame Marie de Romines dame de Hamalle ladit femme a mosigr. Jehans sire de Hamale” who died 3 Apr 1358[1112]. m MARIE d’Oreilhe, daughter of GUILLAUME d’Oreilhe Heer van Rummen & his wife Jeanne de Looz Vrouw van Quatbeke (-3 Apr 1358, bur Hamal). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly filhe dedit monss. Wilhelme et sereur alle dit monss. Ernut de Romynes” married “mons. Iohan saing. de Hermale”[1113]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified. An epitaph at Hamal records the burial of “monsignour Johans sires de Hamale” who died 30 Jun 1386 and of “dame Marie de Romines dame de Hamalle ladit femme a mosigr. Jehans sire de Hamale” who died 3 Apr 1358[1114]. Jean & his wife had three children:

a) GUILLAUME de Hamal (-killed in battle Bäsweiler 22 Aug 1371). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Iohan saing. de Hermale” and his wife had “on fis...mess. Wilhelmes...chevalier et morit sains hoirs alle batailhe a Bossewyke...”[1115]. An epitaph at Hamal records the burial of “here Willem van Hamel ridder, heren Jans zon, here van Hamel was” who was killed “in den strit te Boeswilre en den lande van Ghoutken” 12 Aug 1372 [date inaccurate][1116].

b) MARIE de Hamal . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Iohan saing. de Hermale” and his wife had “dois filhes... une mariée en la Dukeit de Iuley au Marissaz Dalfre et ly atre a monss. Englebiert delle Marche...”[1117]. Fahne names her husband “Conrad von Alfter”, parentage as shown here[1118]. Dame de Hamal et de Montfort-sur-Ourthe[1119]. This couple were ancestors of the Fürsten von Salm-Reifferscheidt, who claim the county of Looz by virtue of this descent[1120]. m (1360) KONRAD von Alfter, son of JOHANN von Alfter Marshall of Köln & his wife Richardis von Kerpen (-after 1374). Marshall of the archbishopric of Köln.

c) ISABELLE de Hamal (-after 1370). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Iohan saing. de Hermale” and his wife had “dois filhes... une mariée en la Dukeit de Iuley au Marissaz Dalfre et ly atre a monss. Englebiert delle Marche...”[1121]. Heiress of Vogelsanck, Houthalem and Zolder. In another passage, Jacques de Hemricourt records that “[la] filhe do...saingnor de Hamale” married firstly “Englebiert delle Marche saingnor de Lovirvaz et oncle delle evesque Englebert”, and secondly, as his second wife, “Renars sires de Schoenvorst“[1122]. In a later passage, Hemricourt records that Engelbert’s daughter, after “Mons, Gerar de Bastoigne chevalier” died, “cest meisme Dame apres se remariée dois fois”: secondly “Monss. Waltier de Binkehem” and thirdly “alle Viez. Saing. de Schoenevorst”, adding that she remained “nus hoirs” and was “maintenant...recluze a Colongne”, while another passage clarifies that “Mons. Watier de Binkehem...de lignage d’Awans...son Escuwier et de son hosteit” abducted “le Dame de Lovirvaz quy avoit esteit femme a Mons. Englebiert delle Marche et...filhe de mons. Iohan le bon Saignor de Hamale engenrée en la sereur de Saing”, and that “ly dis Sires de Hamale” complained of his violence to the bishop of Liège[1123]. “Englebiers de la Marche sires de Lovierval chevaliers” donated revenue from property bought from “Thiebaus Boles” to Malonne abbey, for the souls of “luy et de me dame Isabeaul de Hamalle se...espeuse”, by charter dated 7 Aug 1362[1124]. m firstly as his second wife, ENGELBERT von der Mark Seigneur de Loverval, son of EBERHARD [I] Graf von der Mark & his second wife --- (-after 1362). m secondly WALTER van Binckham, son of ---. m thirdly ([1370]) as his second wife, REINOUD Mascherell Heer van Schoonvoorst, son of RASO van Oulpixhe & his wife --- de Jardin (-Rhodes 27 Dec 1375).

GILLES de Hamal, son of GUILLAUME de Hamal Seigneur d’Elderen & his wife Catherine de Mulken (-24 Sep 1354, bur Elderen). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified, although it is indicated by his succession to Elderen. Seigneur d’Elderen, Herne & Schalkhoven. An epitaph at Elderen records the death 24 Sep 1354 of “dominus Egidius de Hamala miles et dominus de Eldris”[1125]. Kockerols provides a full description and reproduction of this epitaph[1126].

m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Gilles’s wife has not been identified. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) notes that “on lui donne pour femme Marguerite de Kersbeeck” [Kersbeek/Kersbeke] without providing any indication of the source which confirms this information[1127].

Gilles & his wife had one child:

1. GUILLAUME de Hamal (-2 Feb 1400). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified, although it is indicated by his succession to Elderen. Seigneur d’Elderen. He is named by Jacques de Hemricourt when recording his marriage (see below). An epitaph in the church of Zepperen recorded the death “op onser Vrouwen Kertsemys dach” 1400 of “heere Willem van Hamel ridder heer tzer Elderen”[1128]. m CATHERINE de Corswarem, daughter of ARNOUL [IV] Seigneur de Corswarem & his wife Catherine d’Argenteau Dame de Nettines (-1390). Jacques de Hemricourt names the children of “mess. Ernus de Corwareme” and his wife “trois filhs... ly une mariée a monss. Burea de Boneffe et morit sains hoirs, ly seconde a monss. Wilhelme de Hamal saingnor d’Odeur et ly thierce a Iohan saingnor de Brus et de Plainevaz fil de monss. Rasson de Berlouz avoweit de Sclabins chevaliers”[1129]. Guillaume & his wife had three children:

a) ARNAUD de Hamal (-17 Aug 1456, bur Elderen). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “delle Dame d’Oudeur..est demoreis uns fils beaz enfans et gratieus, quy est at temps presens ly plus riches enfans a marier quy soit en nostre pays”, but does not name this son[1130]. Seigneur d’Elderen, Herne & Schalkhoven. His parentage is confirmed by the following document. “Arnoldus filius condam domini Wilhelmi de Hamal domini de Eldris” confirmed holding “villas de Herne et de Schachoven”, in the same way as his father, from Liège by charter dated 13 Mar 1400[1131]. An epitaph at Elderen records the burial of “dnus Arnoldus de Hamel baro et miles dominus de Eldris, Herne, Schalchoven, Bilrevelt, Opharen, Trasegnez, Silly, Masnny, Wanez, Rocourt, Yrehonwyz, Hacheniez, Goderniez, Heppegnies et Monchealz” who died 17 Aug 1456[1132].

- SEIGNEURS de TRAZEGNIES.

b) THIERRY de Hamal (-after 1419). The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) records his parentage, noting that he was “pélerin de la Terre-Sainte pour la seconde fois en 1419”[1133].

c) MARGUERITE de Hamal . Stroobant records her parentage and marriage, noting a charter dated 8 Jul 1440 under which [her husband’s brother and heir] “Pierre de Bousies” listed “sa terre de Tyberchamps”, at the request of [her brother] “Arnould de Hamal seigneur de ‘S Heeren-Elderen...Trazegnies...”[1134]. As her husband fought in the French/English war in Brittany in 1380, the chronology of the Hamal family suggests that he must have been considerably older than Marguerite. m EUSTACHE [II] de Bousies Seigneur de Vertaing, son of EUSTACHE [I] de Bousies Seigneur de Vertaing & his wife Agnes de Bierne Dame de Feluy, Tyberchamps ([before 1460?]-after 1415).

K. SEIGNEURS de HANEFFE (WARFUSEE)

THIERRY de Neufchâteau, son of EUSTACHE de Warfusée Seigneur de Neufchâteau et de Warfusée & his wife --- von Hochstaden (-bur Huy, Franciscan church). Jacques de Hemricourt names “mons. Renart saingnor de Noef-Casteal, mons. Thiry saingnor de Haneffe, monsieur Iohan saingnor de Duras de part sa femme et mons. Lambert singnor Dabeez depart sa femme assy” as the four sons of “Eustache”, adding in a later passage that Thierry was buried “az freires Meneurs a Huy”[1135]. Seigneur de Haneffe.

m --- van Arkel, daughter of --- Heer van Arkel & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Thiry saingnor de Haneffe” married “alle filhe de saingnor d’Arkle en la dukeit de Geulres”[1136].

Thierry & his wife had one child:

1. EUSTACHE [I] de Haneffe dit “le Vieux Persant de Haneffe” (-after 25 Jun 1235). Jacques de Hemricourt names “mess. Istasses ly viez Persans de Haneffe” as the son of “mons. Thiry saingnor de Haneffe” and his wife[1137]. Seigneur de Haneffe. "Arnaldus dominus de Biafort iuxta Hoium" hypothecated "decimas...de Bens, de Beafort, de Giures, de Viler, de Louignes, de Ahiers, et de Lauacherecce" to Liège Saint-Lambert by charter dated 25 Jun 1235, witnessed by “Fastradus de Berlo...Otto de Wafresees, Eustacius dictus li Persans de Honeffe, Radulphus de Cella, Rigaldus, Egidius fratres mei milites”[1138]. m --- de Jauche, daughter of --- Seigneur de Jauche & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Istasses ly viez Persans de Haneffe” married the [older] daughter of “ly sires de Iaiche en Braybant”[1139]. Eustache [I] & his wife had seven children:

a) EUSTACHE [II] de Haneffe (-after 1304). Jacques de Hemricourt names “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans sires de Haneffe et mess. Thiris Tabareax sires de Seraing” as the two sons of “mess. Istasses ly viez Persans de Haneffe” and his wife[1140]. m firstly --- de Rulant, daughter of --- Seigneur de Rulant & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans ainsneis fis de vielh et promerain monss. Persans” married firstly “alle filhe don noble bannerez en Leiffe le saingnor de Rulant”[1141]. m secondly as her second husband, --- de Beausaint, widow of ---, daughter of ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans ainsneis fis de vielh et promerain monss. Persans” married secondly “alle dame de Beazen...veve...cuziens al duke de Loheraines do linage de Remeigny, dont ly bons Houkes de Florines fut et chilh de Fangnoles assi”[1142]. Eustache [II] & his first wife had four children:

i) JEAN de Haneffe (-killed in battle Nierbonne near Huy 27 May 1328). Jacques de Hemricourt names “mess. Iohans...sires de Haneffe” as the son of “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans ainsneis fis de vielh et promerain monss. Persans” and his first wife, adding that he died “alle batailhe de Thier de Nierbonne de leis Huy en service de ceaz delle citeit de Liege, alencontre delle evesque Adulphe delle Marche et de cheaz de Huy”[1143]. m --- d’Ochain, son of --- Seigneur d’Ochain & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Iohans sires de Haneffe ainsneis fis de secon mons. Persant” married “la filhe monss. Watier saingnor Doxhen en Condros”, her father’s only child[1144]. Jean & his wife had three children:

(a) GAUTHIER de Haneffe (-after 25 Sep 1334). “...Wathy Seigneur de Haneffe...” signed the commission dated 25 Sep 1334 which restored peace in Liège[1145]. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Waltirs chevaliers”, son of “mess. Iohans sires de Haneffe ainsneis fis de secon mons. Persant” and his wife, died unmarried “en le royalme de Grenate sor les sarazins” and left “sa terre de Haneffe et Doxhen” to “Wery son cuzien fil de saingnor de Rochefort” who was rebaptised in the river Jordan as “Waltirs” in memory of his predecessor[1146].

(b) AGNES de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Iohans sires de Haneffe ainsneis fis de secon mons. Persant” and his wife had two daughters, the older of whom married “ly aisnée...al noble saignor de Rochefort bannereis...mess Thiris”[1147]. Roland names her “Agnès fille aînée de Jean de Warfusée seigneur de Haneffe et d’Aélide d’Ochain dame d’Ochain en Condroz” without specifying the additional sources on which this information is based[1148]. m THIERRY [V] Seigneur de Walcourt et de Rochefort, son of THIERRY [IV] Seigneur de Walcourt et de Rochefort & his wife Mechtild von Blankenheim (-after 20 Feb 1365).

(c) --- de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly second filhe monss. Iohan saingnor de Haneffe” married “mons. Badewien saingnor de Geneffe et castelain de Wareme filh de...mons. Wilhelme le...castelain de Waresme” who was killed with his unmarried brother Guillaume “alle batailhe de Thier de Nierbonne deleis Huy en la compagnie de saingnor de Hanesse”, by whom she had “une filhe deseagie tant soilement...mariee promirement a un noble chevalier de Haynau...monss. Iohan de Sore [marriage not consummated] et...a mons. Gierlax de Mondersdorp saignor de Monjardien...chevalier” by whom she had children, and secondly “mons. Henry de Pitresen” by whom she had “un...fiz...mess. Iohan de Pitresen qui fut senissaz delle conteir de Louz et morit sains hoirs”[1149]. m firstly BAUDOUIN Seigneur de Geneffe Châtelain de Waremme, son of GUILLAUME Châtelain de Waremme & his wife --- (-killed in battle Nierbonne near Huy). m secondly HENRI de Petershem, son of ---.

ii) --- de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans ainsneis fis de vielh et promerain monss. Persans” and his first wife had three daughters, adding in a later passage that the eldest daughter married “moss. Henry saingnor de Hermalles” who died “alle batailhe a Domartien”[1150]. m HENRI Seigneur de Hermalles, son of --- (-killed in battle Dommartin).

iii) --- de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans ainsneis fis de vielh et promerain monss. Persans” and his first wife had three daughters, adding in a later passage that the second daughter married “moss. Iohan Botier saingnor d’Aaz et Hermeez fil monss. Rigaut d’Aaz” who was buried “a Vivengnis”, giving details of their descendants[1151]. m JEAN Botier Seigneur d’Aaz et de Hermée, son of --- (-bur Vivengnis).

iv) ALIX de Haneffe (-bur Liège Franciscan church). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans ainsneis fis de vielh et promerain monss. Persans” and his first wife had three daughters, adding in a later passage that the third daughter “damoyselle Aelus se fut Begine” and was buried “en cour delle englise des freres Meneurs en Liege”, next to the tomb of her brother Thierry[1152].

Eustache [II] & his second wife had three children:

v) HUGUES de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Houwet de Champ...ainsneis et...mons. Thiry...sires de Seraing delle succession mons. Thiris Tabareul son oncle” as the two sons of “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans ainsneis fis de vielh et promerain monss. Persans” and his second wife[1153]. m --- Hustin, daughter of ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Houweis de Champ ainsneis fis de dit secon mariage” married “alle sereur mons. Pire Hustien saingnor de Netines en Condros”, recording to the names of their children[1154].

vi) THIERRY de Haneffe (-20 Feb 1357, bur Liège Franciscan church). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Houwet de Champ...ainsneis et...mons. Thiry...sires de Seraing delle succession mons. Thiris Tabareul son oncle” as the two sons of “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans ainsneis fis de vielh et promerain monss. Persans” and his second wife, adding that Thierry was “sires de Seraing et de Herkes deleis Tongres delle succession mons. Thiry Tabarial son oncle”[1155]. Seigneur de Seraing-le-Château.

- SEIGNEURS de SERAING.

vii) --- de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that the daughter of “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans ainsneis fis de vielh et promerain monss. Persans” and his second wife married “mons. Iohan saingnor de Gemeppe en Ardenne”[1156]. m JEAN Seigneur de Gemeppe, son of ---.

b) THIERRY de Haneffe (-after 1312). Jacques de Hemricourt names “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans sires de Haneffe et mess. Thiris Tabareax sires de Seraing” as the two sons of “mess. Istasses ly viez Persans de Haneffe” and his wife, adding that Thierry died without heirs and was succeeded by “le bon monss. Thiry saingnor de Seraing, dont ilh estoit oncles”[1157]. Seigneur de Seraing-le-Château. [m HELVIDE de Walhain, daughter of ARNOUL [V] Seigneur de Walhain & his first wife Mathilde de Perwez (-after 1304). The testament of “Ernouls chevaliers sires de Wallehaing”, dated 1304, refers to money “rendues a dit seignour de Bautresain en nom de Jehan nostre fil cui Diex assoille...par le grei de Helvit et de Ade germaines sereurs a dit Jehan et de mon seignour Thiri de Haneffe, baron a leditte Helvit”, suggesting that the executors consult “nostre...ante l’abbesse de Salezinnes et a nostre...fille Helvid de Serang et a demiselle Margrite”[1158]. Helvide’s husband has not otherwise been identified but the chronology suggests that he was Thierry who died after 1312.]

c) --- de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Istasses ly viez Persans de Haneffe” and his wife had five daughters, of whom “ly une mariee al viez mons. Corbeal d’Awans...”, in a later passage naming him “monss. Hombier Corbeal d’Awans second de ce nom”, recording that he “morit promirs...tuweis alle pongniche a Lonchins” during the civil wars of Awans and Waroux[1159]. m HUMBERT Corbeau Seigneur d’Awans, son of --- (-killed in battle Lonchin).

d) --- de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Istasses ly viez Persans de Haneffe” and his wife had five daughters, of whom “...ly seconde al saingnor d’Argenteal...”, giving details of their descendants in a later passage[1160]. m THIERRY Seigneur d’Argenteau, son of RENAUD [II] Seigneur d’Argenteau & his wife [Joie ---] (-[24 Apr 1281/5 Mar 1288]).

e) BEATRIX de Haneffe (-after Jul 1274). The wife of Henri Seigneur de Beaufort is named in two different sources, one specifying her parentage, the other her name. For presentational purposes, it is assumed that both documents refer to the same person, although the possibility of two different marriages cannot be excluded. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Istasses ly viez Persans de Haneffe” and his wife had five daughters, of whom “...ly tirce al saingnor de Bealfor sor Mouze...qui ont des hoirs; desqueis issirent ly saingnors de Beafort, qui vendirent leur terre al conte de Namur”[1161]. “Beatrix relicte de jadis Henry seigneur de Beaufort chevalier, comme aussy mademoiselle Clemence fille dudit seigneur Henry...mademoiselle Sophie fille ainée du souvent dit Henry” donated “la disme de Benz, de Beaufort et de Gyvres” to Solières by charter dated Jul 1274[1162]. m HENRI Seigneur de Beaufort, son of ARNAUD [I] Seigneur de Beaufort & his first wife --- de Walhain (-[24 Jun 1273/Jul 1274]).

f) --- de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Istasses ly viez Persans de Haneffe” and his wife had five daughters, of whom “...ly quarte al saingnor de Hamale...”[1163]. The Marquis de Trazignies calls her “Mathilde”[1164]. The primary source which confirms this name has not been identified. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) identifies her husband as Guillaume[1165], which the chronology suggests is a reasonable supposition. Borman, in his edition of Hemricourt, notes that he was part author of this 1868 article and that [writing in 1910] “aucun document nouveau n’est venu ni informer ni confirmer mes conclusions [y contenues]”[1166]. m GUILLAUME Seigneur de Hamal, son of --- (-[before 20 Mar 1269, bur Elderen]).

g) --- de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Istasses ly viez Persans de Haneffe” and his wife had five daughters, of whom “...ly 5 a mons. Godefroit de Hemricourt saingnor de Herkes deleis Tongres, quy fut freire al bon saingnor de Hemricourt...mess. Wilhelme Macler”, adding that his couple had “on fil...mess. Wilhelme quy morit sains hoirs” and that “Moylerepas delle dukeit de Iuley robat le Dame dont ilh fut gran guerre”[1167]. m firstly GODEFROI de Hemricourt Seigneur de Herck, son of ---. m secondly --- Seigneur de Moylerepas, son of ---.

L. SEIGNEURS de LUMAIN (LUMMEN), AVOUES de HESBAIE

The repetition of the names Wiger and Renier, as well as the chronology, suggests that the following individuals were descended in a direct line, father to son, from Wiger [I], although no primary source has yet been identified which confirms that this speculation is correct.

1. WIGER [I] (-[20 Jul 1054/1055]). Avoué de Liège [Saint-Lambert]. [“Gislebertus et Arnulfus comites fratres mei, Wigerus advocatus, Godefridus de Florines...” witnessed the charter dated 1015 of Baldric Bishop of Liège relating to Hanret and Celles[1168]. Considering that Wiger was still named as avoué in 1054, it is uncertain whether this reference can be to the same person.] "...Wigerum advocatum..." subscribed the charter dated 1031 under which "Godeschalcus præpositus" founded a college of canons at Liège Saint-Barthélemy, which records donations made “per manus Wigeri advocati”[1169]. “Reginhardus Leodicensium...episcopus”, through “advocati Wigeri”, donated property to the church of Saint-Laurent by charter dated 3 Nov 1034, signed by “comitis Arnulphi, Gisleberti comitis, comitis Gozelonis, Wiggeri advocati...”[1170]. Heinrich III King of Germany confirmed an exchange of property between Worms and Liège Saint-Martin, acting through “advocatorum utriusque sue ecclesie, id est Hezelonis Wormatiensium et Wigeri Leodiensium”, by charter dated 20 Jul 1054[1171].

Two brothers:

1. RENIER [I] (-after 1080). Avoué de Liège [Saint-Lambert]. “Otto comes et advocatus, Reinerus advocatus, Libertus frater eius...” witnessed the charter dated 1055 under which “Imera genere ingenua” dedicated herself to Saint-Trond[1172]. "Reinerus advocatus..." subscribed the charter dated 5 Feb 1078 under which "Ermengardis" donated property "in Wereme...in Berlenges et in Jalmin...apud Lon...in Rumines...in Curinge..." to Liège Saint-Lambert[1173]. “Otto comes et advocatus, Reynerus advocatus et Libertus frater eius...” witnessed the charter dated 1080 under which Alar Abbot of Saint-Trond declared a donation made by “Sigerus de Anderlecht nobilis cum matre Reilende...”[1174]. same person as...? RENIER [II] (-after 1116). It is unlikely that the same person held the office of avoué from 1055 to after 1116, although the precise date when the junior Renier succeeded to the junior cannot be ascertained. Avoué de Liège [Saint-Lambert]. “Comites Cono, Arnuldus de Loz, Reinerus, advocatus...” subscribed the charter dated to [25 Dec 1094/23 Sep 1095] under which Otbert Bishop of Liège donated “allodium de Hildenesen in Taxandria...et unum mansum in Herlechen” to the chapter of the Holy Cross, Liège[1175]. “Reinerus advocatus Leodiensis” is named in a charter of Ida Ctss de Boulogne dated 1096[1176]. "Rainerus advocatus qui recepit ipsius allodii traditionem..." subscribed the charter dated 14 Jun 1096 under which Otbert Bishop of Liège bought "castellum de Couino" from "comite Balduino de Mont"[1177]. “...Reinerus advocatus...” witnessed the charter dated 1 Jun 1101 under which Emperor Heinrich IV confirmed the rights of “Albertus comes Namucensium” over the church of Andenne[1178]. “...Reinerus et Wilelmus aduocati...” subscribed the charter dated 1106, after 7 Aug, under which Otbert Bishop of Liège confirmed the donation made by “Willebertus et uxor eius Gifeldis” Huy Notre-Dame[1179]. "Fredericus sancte Marie sanctique Lamberti...prepositus" and "Reinerum advocatum" settled disputes regarding "advocatia de Landenes et Nordrenges et Hallei" by charter dated 1116[1180].

2. LIBERT (-after 1080). “Otto comes et advocatus, Reinerus advocatus, Libertus frater eius...” witnessed the charter dated 1055 under which “Imera genere ingenua” dedicated herself to Saint-Trond[1181]. “Otto comes et advocatus, Reynerus advocatus et Libertus frater eius...” witnessed the charter dated 1080 under which Alar Abbot of Saint-Trond declared a donation made by “Sigerus de Anderlecht nobilis cum matre Reilende...”[1182].

Two brothers:

1. WIGER [II] de Waremme (-after 1131). Avoué de Liège Saint-Lambert. Avoué [de Hesbaye]. “...Wigerus advocatus...” witnessed the charter dated 1124 under which “Walterus de Trudeneris” donated property “in minori Avernas in comitatu de Steps” to Liège Saint-Laurent[1183]. "Lamberti comitis, Gvidrici de Walecurte, Gvigeri advocati..." subscribed the charter dated 1127 under which Renaud Archbishop of Reims granted "quomodo de beneficio...ad castellum...Bullion" to the bishop of Liège[1184]. “...Wiger aduocatus...” subscribed the charter dated 25 May 1129 under which Alexander Bishop of Liège notified an agreement between Huy Notre-Dame and the inhabitants of Ulbeek[1185]. “...Vingeri advocati et Reineri...” witnessed the charter dated 1131 under which Alexander Bishop of Liège confirmed the foundation of "Parchensis cœnobii"[1186]. m ---. The name of Wiger’s wife is not known. Wiger & his wife had one child:

a) --- de Waremme . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 1139 under which “Albero...Leodiensis ecclesiæ episcopus” restored Stablo, referring to the unlawful claims made by “avunculum nostrum Namucensem comitem Godefridum”, and by “germanus noster Eustachius Leodii advocatus” who occupied “villam Turnines” claiming that “Wigerus de Woronna cujus filiam uxorem duxerat” had been granted the property by “prædicto avunculo nostro Namucense comite”[1187]. m EUSTACHE de Chiny Avoué de [Hesbaye], son of OTTO [II] Comte de Chiny & his wife Alix de Namur (-after 1156).

2. RENIER [III] (-after 1134). “...Vingeri advocati et Reineri...” witnessed the charter dated 1131 under which Alexander Bishop of Liège confirmed the foundation of "Parchensis cœnobii"[1188]. “...Reinerus frater Waheri advocati...” witnessed the charter dated 1134 under which Alexander Bishop of Liège founded Geronsart abbey near Namur[1189].

Any family connection between Guillaume and the other individuals named above has not been established.

1. GUILLAUME (-after 21 Sep 1130). Avoué de Liège. “...Reinerus et Wilelmus aduocati...” subscribed the charter dated 1106, after 7 Aug, under which Otbert Bishop of Liège confirmed the donation made by “Willebertus et uxor eius Gifeldis” Huy Notre-Dame[1190]. Emperor Heinrich V confirmed land “in Wasegga” to Liège Saint-Laurent by undated charter in the presence of “...Wilhelmum civitatis advocatum...”[1191]. “...Wilelmus aduocatus...” subscribed the charter dated 1130, after 21 Sep, under which Alexander Bishop of Liège granted rights to Neufmoustier abbey, near Huy[1192].

EUSTACHE de Chiny, son of OTTO [II] Comte de Chiny & his wife Alix de Namur (-after 1156). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1139 under which “Albero...Leodiensis ecclesiæ episcopus” restored Stablo, referring to the unlawful claims made by “avunculum nostrum Namucensem comitem Godefridum”, and by “germanus noster Eustachius Leodii advocatus” who occupied “villam Turnines” claiming that “Wigerus de Woronna cujus filiam uxorem duxerat” had been granted the property by “prædicto avunculo nostro Namucense comite”[1193]. Avoué de Liège Saint-Lambert. "Lambertus comes, Eustachius advocatus..." subscribed the charter dated 25 Feb 1140 under which Alberon Bishop of Liège notified that "Manassem nobilem virum de Hirge" had sold "allodia sua...in pago Hasbania...Miele et Musin" to Brogne abbey[1194]. "Eustachius advocatus…" signed the charter dated 1146 under which Henri Bishop of Liège confirmed donations to Flone made by "Theodericus miles..."[1195]. Avoué de Hesbaie. The Triumphus Sancti Lamberti Martyris records that “Eustachius advocatus de Hasbania” led the knights of Liège[1196]. “...Eustachius advocatus...” witnessed the charter dated 1156 under which Henri Bishop of Liège confirmed the possessions of Vlierbeek abbey near Louvain[1197].

m --- de Waremme, daughter of WIGER de Waremme Avoué de Liège Saint-Lambert & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 1139 under which “Albero...Leodiensis ecclesiæ episcopus” restored Stablo, referring to the unlawful claims made by “avunculum nostrum Namucensem comitem Godefridum”, and by “germanus noster Eustachius Leodii advocatus” who occupied “villam Turnines” claiming that “Wigerus de Woronna cujus filiam uxorem duxerat” had been granted the property by “prædicto avunculo nostro Namucense comite”[1198].

Eustache & his wife had two children:

1. LOUIS de Lumain [Lummen] (-1207). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Avoué de Hesbaie. “...Ludovicus advocatus Hasbanie...” witnessed the charter dated 1163 under which Henri Bishop of Liège confirmed the property of the church of Diest[1199]. Alexander Bishop of Liège notified donations to Alne, including the donation of “à Fontaines...l’avouerie” made by “Gérard de Thuin du consentement de sa femme Béatrix et de ses co-héritiers”, by charter dated 1165, witnessed by “...Lodovicus advocatus Hasbanie...Manisserus de Hirge, Arnulphus de Sirche, Guedericus de Walecurt...”[1200]. Seigneur de Lumain. A charter dated 1177 records Louis Seigneur de Lumain as avoué de Hesbaie[1201]. "Ludovici advocate Hasbanie" sold the advocacy of Flône, and other rights relating to churches in Liège, to "domino comiti Hainoensi…Balduino", by charter dated 1190, witnessed by "Wilhelmus frater comitis Hainoensis, Alardus de Cimai, Nicholaus de Barbentione…"[1202]. “Ludovicus advocatus Hasbaniensis...” subscribed the charter dated [6 Apr/1 Jul] 1197 under which Albert Bishop of Liège restored property to Huy Notre-Dame taken by “Iohannes miles de Flauion”[1203]. m --- de Rumigny, daughter of NICOLAS [III] Seigneur de Florennes et de Rumigny & his wife Eva de Chièvres. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Iulianum…Raynaldo de Roseto maritatem de quo…Rogerum et Clementiam [uxor] Gerardo de Haslut et Yolandem [uxor] Henrici de Hirge et advocato Hasbaniensi et apud Winti in Flandria" as daughters of "Nicholaus qui et Ruminium et Florinas castra posedit" & his wife[1204]. Roland says that “advocato Hasbaniensi” can only refer to “Louis seigneur de Lummen, qui figure en qualité d’avoué de Hesbaye dans bon nombre de chartes de 1163 à 1204”[1205]. Louis & his wife had one child:

a) daughter . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Continuatio of the Chronicon Lamberti Parvi which records the death in 1207 of "Lodovicus advocatus Hasbaniæ" and the succession of "Fredericus gener eius, filius ducis Ardennæ"[1206], a charter dated 1177 recording Louis Seigneur de Lumain as advocate of Hesbaie[1207]. Heiress of Lumain. m FREDERIK van Limburg, son of HENDRIK III Duke of Limburg & his wife Sophie [von Saarbrücken] (-[Apr 1211/May 1212]).

2. EUSTACHE (-after 29 Sep 1171). "...Eustachius frater advocati Hasbanie..." witnessed the charter dated 29 Sep 1171 under which Emperor Friedrich I notified that Rodolphe Bishop of Liège had donated "benefitium...in villa Harstallii" to the church of Liège[1208].

FREDERIK van Limburg, son of HENDRIK III Duke of Limburg & his wife Sophie [von Saarbrücken] (-[Apr 1211/May 1212]). "Henricus de Lemborc" founded the abbey of "Vallis Sancti Lamberti", with the consent of "filiorum meorum Henrici, Waleranni, Frederici et Gerardi", by charter dated 1196[1209]. "Henricus filius Henrici filii Walerami ducis de Limburg" donated property to Rolduc [Rode] abbey, with the consent of "filiis meis Henrico, Waleramo, Friderico, Gerardo, ac filiabus meis Jutta de Valkenburg et Mathilde", in the presence of "domino Goswino de Valkenburg genero nostro", by charter dated 1202[1210]. Seigneur de Lumain. Avoué de Hesbaie. The Vitæ Odiliæ Liber III de Triumpho S. Lamberti in Steppes records that "Hasbanie advocatus" died leaving only "duas puellas parvulas", as a result of which "Rasoni militi" was appointed to take charge of the standard of St Lambert (of which the advocate was normally responsible) during the war between the people of Liège and the duke of Brabant (dated to May 1212)[1211].

m --- de Lumain, daughter and heiress of LOUIS Seigneur de Lumain/Lummen, Avoué de Hesbaie [Chiny] & his wife --- de Rumigny. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Continuatio of the Chronicon Lamberti Parvi which records the death in 1207 of "Lodovicus advocatus Hasbaniæ" and the succession of "Fredericus gener eius, filius ducis Ardennæ"[1212], a charter dated 1177 recording Louis Seigneur de Lumain as advocate of Hesbaie[1213].

Frederik & his wife had two children:

1. MATHILDE de Lumain . The Vitæ Odiliæ Liber III de Triumpho S. Lamberti in Steppes records that "Hasbanie advocatus" died leaving only "duas puellas parvulas"[1214]. Heiress of Lumain and of the avouerie de Hesbaie. Her marriage and parentage are confirmed by the charter dated Nov 1261 under which “Jehans...sires d’Audenarde” granted revenue from vines, as he had granted to “mon signor Loeis d’Audenarde signor de Marke, avoe de Hasbaing men cousin”, to “Ernous ainsnes fix et oirs de celui Loeis”, reserving “ara Mahaus dame de Marke avoeresse de Hasbaing mere celui Ernoul”[1215]. m LODEWIJK van Oudenaarde Heer van Maarke, son of EVERARD RADULF van Oudenaarde Heer van Maarke & his wife --- (-before Nov 1261).

2. daughter . The Vitæ Odiliæ Liber III de Triumpho S. Lamberti in Steppes records that "Hasbanie advocatus" died leaving only "duas puellas parvulas"[1216].

LODEWIJK van Oudenaarde, son of EVERARD RADULF van Oudenaarde Heer van Maarke & his wife --- (-before Nov 1261). His parentage is indicated by the codicil dated Aug 1242 under which “Arnould d’Audenarde” appointed his executors, in the presence of “Louis son neveu, Jean de Wanes, Wautier de Ligne le jeune et Thierri son frère…”[1217]. Heer van Maarke.

m MATHILDE de Lumain, daughter of FREDERIK van Limburg Seigneur de Lumain Avoué de Hesbaie & his wife --- de Lumain (-after Nov 1261). The Vitæ Odiliæ Liber III de Triumpho S. Lamberti in Steppes records that "Hasbanie advocatus" died leaving only "duas puellas parvulas"[1218]. Her marriage and parentage are confirmed by the charter dated Nov 1261 under which “Jehans...sires d’Audenarde” granted revenue from vines, as he had granted to “mon signor Loeis d’Audenarde signor de Marke, avoe de Hasbaing men cousin”, to “Ernous ainsnes fix et oirs de celui Loeis”, reserving “ara Mahaus dame de Marke avoeresse de Hasbaing mere celui Ernoul”[1219].

Lodewijk & his wife had two children:

1. ARNOUD van Oudenaarde (-1283 or after). Avoué de Hesbaie, inherited from his mother. “Jehans...sires d’Audenarde” granted revenue from vines, as he had granted to “mon signor Loeis d’Audenarde signor de Marke, avoe de Hasbaing men cousin”, to “Ernous ainsnes fix et oirs de celui Loeis”, reserving “ara Mahaus dame de Marke avoeresse de Hasbaing mere celui Ernoul”, by charter dated Nov 1261[1220]. Seigneur de Lumain. m as her first husband, MARIE [de Chaumont], daughter of --- (-8 Apr 1301, bur Cordeliers de Valenciennes). Europäische Stammtafeln names “Marie de Chaumont” as the wife of Arnoud van Oudenaarde without providing details of her parentage[1221]. It is possible that her suggested family origin is speculative, on the basis that her son was described as seigneur de Chaumont, a seigneurie which he could have inherited from his mother. Marie has not been identified in the Chaumont families in Vexin (see the document NORTHERN FRANCE NOBILITY). No connection has yet been found between Marie de Chaumont and Chaumont-en-Porcien. She married secondly --- Seigneur de Berlaimont. An inscription at the Cordeliers, Valenciennes records the burial of "Madame Marie dame de Berlaymont advocatesse d’Audenaerde" who died 8 Apr 1301[1222]. The name of Marie’s second husband has not been confirmed. It seems unlikely that “Marie de Chaumont” was the same person as “Marie de Pinon”, second wife of Gilles [VII] Seigneur de Berlaimont, as there is no record linking Chaumont with the Pinon/Coucy family. The most likely possibility is that Marie was the wife either of Gilles [VIII] or Henri de Berlaimont. If that is correct, the chronology suggests that she was her husband’s first wife. Arnoud & his wife had one child:

a) LODEWIJK van Oudenaarde (-1315). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur de Lumain. Seigneur de Chaumont. Avoué de Hesbaie. “Loys avoés de Hasbaing, sires de Chaumont” sold property to Philippine Ctss de Hainaut by charter dated 1306[1223]. m YOLANDE van Diest, daughter of ARNOUT [V] Heer van Diest & his wife Isabelle de Mortagne (-1326). The Chronicon Diestense names “Gerardum, Johannem, Thomam, Arnoldum dominum de Rumpmen, Arnoldum dictum de Westphale et unicam filiam Yolentam” as the children of “Arnoldus...quintus dominus de Diest” and his wife “Elisabeth de Britannia”, adding that Yolande married “domino de Lumpnen”[1224]. A register of fiefs compiled in 1408 by André de Maubeuge records that “Yolentie”, daughter of “heer Aert van Diest borchgraef van Antwerpen” and his wife “Lysbeth van Bretaingnen uyt Vranckryck”, married “den heer van Lummen ende van Peer, voocht van Haspegouw”[1225]. Her parentage and marriage are suggested by a charter dated 21 Dec 1337 under which "Jean et Thomas de Diest" agreed to divide their succession, naming Arnoud van Oudenaarde "Voght van Haspengowe, Hier van Lumpne, van Tsamond en van Harmale onsen neven"[1226]. Lodewijk & his wife had one child:

i) ARNOUD van Oudenaarde (-after 7 Aug 1339). "Jean et Thomas de Diest" agreed to divide their succession, naming Arnoud van Oudenaarde "Voght van Haspengowe, Hier van Lumpne, van Tsamond en van Harmale onsen neven", by charter dated 21 Dec 1337[1227]. “Arnoldus advocatus Hasbaniensis dominus de Lummene, de Chamont miles” freed land “prope Hereke juxta Craghenpoel” by charter dated 1 Oct 1337[1228]. Seigneur de Lumain. Seigneur de Chaumont. Avoué de Hesbaie. “Arnoldus advocatus Hasbanie dominus de Lummen, de Hermale et de Chamont miles et domina Aleydis uxor nostra” divided their properties “in Hermale, in Chamont et in Vilen” between “nostras filias...Julianam, Elyzabeth, Mariam, Aleydim et Felicitatem”, appointing executors “dominum Thomam de Dyest dominum de Zeelhem, Theodericum dominum de Hanef, Walterum dominum de Mosmale et Johannem dominum de Hamele milites”, by charter dated 7 Aug 1339[1229]. m (contract 12 Oct 1318) ALIX de Hermalle, daughter & heiress of HENRI Seigneur de Hermalle [Warfusée] & his wife Jeanne de Haneffe (-1357, bur Hermalle). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Henry de Hermalles secon de ce nom” married “la filhe mons. Istasse Persan saingnor de Haneff...sereur germaine a mons. Iohan saingnor de Haneffe et alle femme mons. Iohan Botier d’Aaz et a Damoiyss. Aely le Beghine” and that their only daughter “Alys” married “mons. Ernut avoweit de Hasbaing et saingnor de Lumaing, quy estoit de...sang de Lemborch, de Dyest et Doudenarde”[1230]. The marriage contract between “monsigneur Henri sire de Hermale chevalier et damoiselle Aeliz sa fille de nostres dyocese de Liege” and “Ernul de Lumeng avocit de Hesbaing esquyer de la dite dyocese” is dated 12 Oct 1318, witnessed by “Loys conte de Chiny, Thomas de Dyeste, Rasse de Warfusees le jovene sire de Heripont chevaliers...”[1231]. She is named in her husband’s 7 Aug 1339 charter quoted above. Arnoud & his wife had six children:

(a) YOLANDE van Oudenaarde (-after 1377). Jacques de Hemricourt names “ly ainsnee...mariée al noble mons. Lowis d’Agimont saingnor de Wark deleis Maysiers...fis de frere le conte Eernut de Louz de secon mariage” as the oldest of the five daughters of “mons. Ernut avoweit de Hasbaing et saingnor de Lumaing” and his wife[1232]. Heiress of Lumain and of the advocacy of Hesbaie. m LOUIS de Looz dit d’Agimont Seigneur de Neuf-Château en Ardennes et de Wark, son of JEAN de Looz & his wife Marie de Nesle (-1345 or after).

(b) JULIANA van Oudenaarde (-after 29 Jul 1373). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly seconde filhe...Dame de Hermalles” of “mons. Ernut avoweit de Hasbaing et saingnor de Lumaing” and his wife married “alle saingnor de Waveres en Braybant”, by whom she had “mess. Wilhelmes quy morit sans hoirs et dois filhes, ly ainsnée at a mary mons. Wilhelme Lardenois le jovene saingnor de Spontin et de Waveres, et ly atre at mons. Englebert de Haccourt saignor de Hermalles et de Haversen”, and giving details of their descendants[1233]. “Arnoldus advocatus Hasbanie dominus de Lummen, de Hermale et de Chamont miles et domina Aleydis uxor nostra” divided their inheritance between “nostras filias...Julianam, Elyzabeth, Mariam, Aleydim et Felicitatem”, appointing executors “dominum Thomam de Dyest dominum de Zeelhem, Theodericum dominum de Hanef, Walterum dominum de Mosmale et Johannem dominum de Hamele milites”, by charter dated 7 Aug 1339[1234]. Heiress of Hermalle. Baudouin d’Ursel dates her first marriage to before 15 Jul 1356[1235]. “Dame Juliane de Lumagne dame de Wavere et de Spontin”, with the consent of “messire Wilheame sires de Spontin son marit et mambour”, divided her rights in “Hermalle”, in the name of “Wilheame de Wavere son fil” who inherited them “par l’obbit messire Johan de Wavere son pere”, with “damoiselle Marie de Wavere fille de la dite dame Juliane” by charter dated 29 Jul 1373[1236]. m firstly JAN van Brabant Heer van Waver, son of WILLEM Heer van Waver & his wife Margareta --- (-[1367]). m secondly ([1367/15 Apr 1368]) as his second wife, GUILLAUME Seigneur de Spontin “l’Ardinois”, son of JACQUES Seigneur de Spontin & his wife --- ([after 1315/20?]-7 Apr 1385, bur Spontin).

(c) ELISABETH van Oudenaarde . “Arnoldus advocatus Hasbanie dominus de Lummen, de Hermale et de Chamont miles et domina Aleydis uxor nostra” divided their properties “in Hermale, in Chamont et in Vilen” between “nostras filias...Julianam, Elyzabeth, Mariam, Aleydim et Felicitatem”, appointing executors “dominum Thomam de Dyest dominum de Zeelhem, Theodericum dominum de Hanef, Walterum dominum de Mosmale et Johannem dominum de Hamele milites”, by charter dated 7 Aug 1339[1237].

(d) MARIE van Oudenaarde . “Arnoldus advocatus Hasbanie dominus de Lummen, de Hermale et de Chamont miles et domina Aleydis uxor nostra” divided their properties “in Hermale, in Chamont et in Vilen” between “nostras filias...Julianam, Elyzabeth, Mariam, Aleydim et Felicitatem”, appointing executors “dominum Thomam de Dyest dominum de Zeelhem, Theodericum dominum de Hanef, Walterum dominum de Mosmale et Johannem dominum de Hamele milites”, by charter dated 7 Aug 1339[1238].

(e) ALIX van Oudenaarde . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly quarte filhe de Hermalles...Alys” of “mons. Ernut avoweit de Hasbaing et saingnor de Lumaing” and his wife married “a mons. Lambert saingnor d’Ouppey, de Chaymont en Braibant et de Harsta”, naming their two sons and three daughters, and giving details of their descendants[1239]. “Arnoldus advocatus Hasbanie dominus de Lummen, de Hermale et de Chamont miles et domina Aleydis uxor nostra” divided their properties “in Hermale, in Chamont et in Vilen” between “nostras filias...Julianam, Elyzabeth, Mariam, Aleydim et Felicitatem”, appointing executors “dominum Thomam de Dyest dominum de Zeelhem, Theodericum dominum de Hanef, Walterum dominum de Mosmale et Johannem dominum de Hamele milites”, by charter dated 7 Aug 1339[1240]. m LAMBERT Seigneur d’Oupeye, son of LAMBERT Seigneur d’Oupeye & his wife Marie de Houssimbour (-[1376/77]). Maréchal of the bishopric of Liège[1241].

(f) FELICITAS van Oudenaarde . “Arnoldus advocatus Hasbanie dominus de Lummen, de Hermale et de Chamont miles et domina Aleydis uxor nostra” divided their properties “in Hermale, in Chamont et in Vilen” between “nostras filias...Julianam, Elyzabeth, Mariam, Aleydim et Felicitatem”, appointing executors “dominum Thomam de Dyest dominum de Zeelhem, Theodericum dominum de Hanef, Walterum dominum de Mosmale et Johannem dominum de Hamele milites”, by charter dated 7 Aug 1339[1242]. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly chinquiéme filhe de Hermalles” of “mons. Ernut avoweit de Hasbaing et saingnor de Lumaing” and his wife married “al saingnor de Bealren” but died childless[1243]. Borman & Poncelet record “Jean de Herbigny Seigneur de Beauraing, 1386, 1400”, son of “Jean de Herbigny seigneur de Beauraing et de Dercy” and his wife --- de Harzé [Clermont-Walcourt], and as father of two children[1244]. Presumably this was the same person as the husband of Felicitas, who would have been his first wife. It should be pointed out that Goethals indicates a different origin for Felicitas’s husband: “--- de Spontin sire de Beauraing”, son of Jacques Seigneur de Spontin and heir of his supposed mother Isabelle de Beauraing[1245]. Thierry d’Orjo highlights the absence of any proof of this family origin of Jacques’s wife[1246]. m as his first wife, JEAN de Herbigny Seigneur de Beauraing, son of JEAN de Herbigny Seigneur de Beauraing et de Dercy & his wife --- de Harzé [Clermont-Walcourt].

2. LODEWIJK van Oudenaarde (-after 1280). Jan Heer van Oudenaarde en Rosoy promised to deliver Lodewijk van Maarke his cousin to the count of Flanders if he captured him, by charter dated 128[0/9][1247].

M. SEIGNEURS de NEUFCHÂTEAU (WARFUSEE)

EUSTACHE de Warfusée, son [OTTON & his wife ---] . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasses sires de Warfezéez et de Domartien, ly secons...Thomas...sires de Hermolles, le tiers...Ernus sires de Harduemont, de Hautepenne et d’Awir, et ly quatrieme...Istasse...sires de Nœf-chasteal en la terre de Dollehain et de Hanueffe...et...une sereur mariée a Walhen” as the five children of Otton[1248]. Seigneur de Neufchâteau et de Haneffe.

m (after [1194/97]) --- von Hochstaden, daughter of DIETRICH Graf von Ahr und Hochstaden & his wife Luitgard von Dagsburg. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Eustache” married “la filhe de conte de Hoghstroite en a haute Almaingne...sires de Dolhehen” and his wife, heiress of “Noef-Casteal enla terre de Dolhehen [Dale] et de Haneffe”, the marriage having been arranged by the bride’s widow during her widowhood which she passed at Haneffe[1249].

Eustache & his wife had four children:

1. RENARD de Neufchâteau ). Jacques de Hemricourt names “mons. Renart saingnor de Noef-Casteal, mons. Thiry saingnor de Haneffe, monsieur Iohan saingnor de Duras de part sa femme et mons. Lambert singnor Dabeez depart sa femme assy” as the four sons of “Eustache”[1250]. Seigneur de Neufchâteau. m ---. The name of Renard’s wife is not known. Renard & his wife had children:

a) RENIER de Neufchâteau . Jacques de Hemricourt names “on fis...mess. Renier quy demorat sires de Noef-Casteal et plusieurs filhes assy” as the children of “mons. Renart saingnor de Noef-Casteal”[1251].

b) daughters . Jacques de Hemricourt names “on fis...mess. Renier quy demorat sires de Noef-Casteal et plusieurs filhes assy” as the children of “mons. Renart saingnor de Noef-Casteal”[1252].

2. THIERRY de Neufchâteau (-bur Huy, Franciscan church). Jacques de Hemricourt names “mons. Renart saingnor de Noef-Casteal, mons. Thiry saingnor de Haneffe, monsieur Iohan saingnor de Duras de part sa femme et mons. Lambert singnor Dabeez depart sa femme assy” as the four sons of “Eustache”, adding in a later passage that Thierry was buried “az freires Meneurs a Huy”[1253]. Seigneur de Haneffe.

- SEIGNEURS de HANEFFE.

3. JEAN de Neufchâteau ). Jacques de Hemricourt names “mons. Renart saingnor de Noef-Casteal, mons. Thiry saingnor de Haneffe, monsieur Iohan saingnor de Duras de part sa femme et mons. Lambert singnor Dabeez depart sa femme assy” as the four sons of “Eustache”[1254]. Seigneur de Duras, de iure uxoris. m --- de Duras, daughter of ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “monss. Iohan de Noef-Casteal” married the heiress of Duras, and that four of their descendants “saingnor de Duras” were buried “en labie de Myle deleis Saintron” [Mylen, near Saint-Trond][1255].

4. LAMBERT de Neufchâteau ). Jacques de Hemricourt names “mons. Renart saingnor de Noef-Casteal, mons. Thiry saingnor de Haneffe, monsieur Iohan saingnor de Duras de part sa femme et mons. Lambert singnor Dabeez depart sa femme assy” as the four sons of “Eustache”[1256]. Seigneur d’Abée, de iure uxoris. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “messire Lambert de Noef-casteal” married “la damoyselle d’Abeez” who was heiress, and gives details of their descendants[1257].

Three siblings, parents not yet identified, they were presumably descended from Jean de Neufchâteau Seigneur de Duras who is named above. From a chronological point of view, they could be his grandchildren.

1. --- de Duras . Seigneur de Duras. m ---. One child:

a) GUILLAUME de Neufchâteau [de Duras] (-after 25 Sep 1334). “...Monsieur Guillaume de Duras...” signed the commission dated 25 Sep 1334 which restored peace in Liège[1258]. m (contract 14 Jan 1328) MARGUERITE de Looz, daughter of ARNOUL [V] Comte de Looz et de Chiny & his wife Margareta von Vianden. “Arnoldus olim comes Lossensis et Ludovicus eius filius primogenitus comes de Los et de Chiney” granted “castrum nostrum de Duras” as dowry to “nostra filia legitima Margareta” for her marriage to “fideli nostro Wilielmo de Duras dicto de Novo Castro armigero”, with the consent of “Adolfi…episcopi Leodiensis et…Arnoldi filii et posteri fratris Wilhelmi de Los domini de Novo Castro in Arduenna militis”, by charter dated 14 Jan 1327 (O.S.)[1259]. Guillaume & his wife had [one child]:

i) [JEAN de Duras (-after 13 Feb 1368). Seigneur de Duras. “Dominus Johannes de Duras” acquired land “in territorio de Duras...ex reportatione domini Johannis castellani de Montenaken domini de Bilrevelt et eius fratris Godefridi de Bilrevelt” by charter dated 13 Feb 1368, in the presence of “dominis Arnoldo de Steynvordia militis...”[1260]. m --- de Langdris, daughter of GERARD de Langdris & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Gerars de Langdris” married “a Saintrom nient solont son estat” and had “une filhe...marié a mons. Iohan saingnor de Duras dont ly hoirs sont a present”[1261].]

2. --- de Duras . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Gerars delle Marche chevaliers bannerez” married “alle sereur de saingnor de Duras adont vivant” who had previously married “al saingnor de Bierlouz”[1262]. Europäische Stammtafeln names her “Isabelle, widow of Gérard de Berlo, daughter of Jean Seigneur de Duras”[1263]. No primary source has been identified which confirms any of these three names, which are probably speculative. m firstly --- Seigneur de Berlo, son of ---. m secondly GERHARD von der Mark Heer van Rodichem en Bicht, son of ENGELBERT [I] Graf von der Mark & his second wife Elisabeth van Valkenburg ([1266/67]-after 23 Sep 1344).

3. --- de Duras . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly vielhe dame de Bierlouz filhe de vielhe saingnor de Duras...une sereure germaine” married “al viez monss. Iohan de Geilekercke a dont manant a Treit”, by whom she had “ly jovenes mess. Iohan de Gheilekercke quy soy mariat alle filhe monsieur Lowy Duffey chevalier esquevin de Liege”, of whom “trois filhes quy n’ont nint ufeis de conseilhe de leurs amis” and the fourth married “a Englebiert de Iupilhe escwier, et croye qu’l en sont demoreis uns enfans deseagiez”[1264]. m JOHANN von Geilenkirchen, son of ---.

N. SEIGNEURS d’OREILHE [OREYE], HEREN van RUMMEN (MONTFERRANT)

Oreye is located in the present-day Belgian province of Liège, canton Waremme. Borman records that the castle of Montferrant, all trace of which has disappeared, was located “sur la limite qui sépare les communes de Heers et d’Opheers”[1265].

[Two] brothers, parents not identified:

1. GUILLAUME de Montferrant (-after 1243). “...Guillaume et Ulric de Montferrant chevaliers” witnessed the charter dated 2 Jan 1239 (O.S.) under which Henri provost of Liège cathedral notified a donation to Val Saint-Lambert made by “Eustache de Anz dit de Marlières...”[1266]. “Guillaume chevalier de Montferrant” sold property at Rummen to Oriente abbey, with the consent of “ses fils Adam et Arnould de Montferrant”, by charter dated 1240[1267]. Borman & Poncelet note his mention in 1243 without citing the corresponding source[1268]. m ---. The name of Guillaume’s wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had children:

a) ADAM de Montferrant (-after 1240). “Guillaume chevalier de Montferrant” sold property at Rummen to Oriente abbey, with the consent of “ses fils Adam et Arnould de Montferrant”, by charter dated 1240[1269].

b) ARNOUL de Montferrant . “Guillaume chevalier de Montferrant” sold property at Rummen to Oriente abbey, with the consent of “ses fils Adam et Arnould de Montferrant”, by charter dated 1240[1270].

2. [ULRIC de Montferrant (-after 1268). “...Guillaume et Ulric de Montferrant chevaliers” witnessed the charter dated 2 Jan 1239 (O.S.) under which Henri provost of Liège cathedral notified a donation to Val Saint-Lambert made by “Eustache de Anz dit de Marlières...”[1271]. The primary source which confirms that the two witnesses were brothers has not been identified, but a close family relationship is probable. Borman & Poncelet note his mention in 1268 without citing the corresponding source[1272].]

1. IVAN de Montferrant . Jacques de Hemricourt names “monssieur Iwen de Montferat” as father of the children shown below but provides no other information about his life. m ---. The name of Iwan’s wife is not known. Iwan & his wife had twelve children:

a) ADAM de Montferrant (-after Mar 1262). Jacques de Hemricourt names “mons. Adan fil a monssieur Iwen de Montferat quy out les onze filhes...” when recording his marriage[1273]. Seigneur d’Oreilhe: “Adam de Montferrant seigneur d’Oreilhe” is named in a charter dated 1256[1274]. “Adam miles de Orle” donated property “juxta villam...Tis sive Tille...” to Saint-Trond, with the consent of “domine Elizabet uxoris nostre...ac heredum nostrorum”, by charter dated Mar 1261 (O.S.)[1275]. m ELISABETH d’Oreilhe, daughter of ARNOUL [I] Seigneur d’Oreilhe & his wife --- (-after Mar 1262). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “[li] tirs fil monss. Libier Saingn. de Geneffe...mess. Ernus Sire Dorelhe” had one daughter who married “mons. Adan fil a monssieur Iwen de Montferat quy out les onze filhes...”[1276]. “Adam miles de Orle” donated property “juxta villam...Tis sive Tille...” to Saint-Trond, with the consent of “domine Elizabet uxoris nostre...ac heredum nostrorum”, by charter dated Mar 1261 (O.S.)[1277]. Three of her possible relatives are named in the following document: [her son] Guillaume Seigneur d’Oreilhe et de Rummen named “Johannes frater noster...Arnoldus dictus de Glinden avunculus noster...Balduinus de Urle avunculus noster...Johannes de Arscot consanguineus noster, milites” in a charter dated 1268[1278]. Adam & his wife had six children:

i) GUILLAUME [I] d’Oreilhe (-[24 Nov 1294/12 May 1298]). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Adan fil a monssieur Iwen de Montferat” had “siez fis...Monssieur Wilhelme Doreilhe Monss. Iohan d’Oreilhe, Badewien Butoir, Adan et Gerar”, all of whom died without heirs except for Guillaume[1279].

- see below.

ii) JEAN d’Oreilhe (-after 1268). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Adan fil a monssieur Iwen de Montferat” had “siez fis...Monssieur Wilhelme Doreilhe Monss. Iohan d’Oreilhe, Badewien Butoir, Adan et Gerar”, all of whom died without heirs except for Guillaume[1280]. Guillaume Seigneur d’Oreilhe et de Rummen named “Johannes frater noster...Arnoldus dictus de Glinden avunculus noster...Balduinus de Urle avunculus noster...Johannes de Arscot consanguineus noster, milites” in a charter dated 1268[1281].

iii) BAUDOUIN d’Oreilhe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Adan fil a monssieur Iwen de Montferat” had “siez fis...Monssieur Wilhelme Doreilhe Monss. Iohan d’Oreilhe, Badewien Butoir, Adan et Gerar”, all of whom died without heirs except for Guillaume[1282].

iv) BUTOIR d’Oreilhe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Adan fil a monssieur Iwen de Montferat” had “siez fis...Monssieur Wilhelme Doreilhe Monss. Iohan d’Oreilhe, Badewien Butoir, Adan et Gerar”, all of whom died without heirs except for Guillaume[1283].

v) ADAM d’Oreilhe (-after 24 Nov 1294). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Adan fil a monssieur Iwen de Montferat” had “siez fis...Monssieur Wilhelme Doreilhe Monss. Iohan d’Oreilhe, Badewien Butoir, Adan et Gerar”, all of whom died without heirs except for Guillaume[1284]. “Arnoldus filius domini Willelmi militis de Orelo et Adam ipsius domini Willelmi militis frater” promised to confirm the donation bequeathed to Parc-les-Dames by “dominus Willelmus predictus”, where “sorore Aleyde sanctimoniali sua filia” had made her vows, by charter dated 24 Nov 1294[1285]. m ---. The name of Adam’s wife is not known. Adam & his wife had one child:

(a) JEAN d’Oreilhe (-after 17 Jun 1315). A charter dated 17 Jun 1315 records “la grosse dîme de Rummen” received by “Johannes filius quondam Ade de Oreilhe armiger”[1286].

vi) GERARD d’Oreilhe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Adan fil a monssieur Iwen de Montferat” had “siez fis...Monssieur Wilhelme Doreilhe Monss. Iohan d’Oreilhe, Badewien Butoir, Adan et Gerar”, all of whom died without heirs except for Guillaume[1287].

b) --- de Montferrant (-before 1222?). Dongelberghe records that “Arnoldus dominus de Wesemal miles senior” [from the context indicating Arnout [II], although Dongelberghe appears to conflate him with Arnout [I]] married “filiam natu maiorem Iwani domini de Montferrant” with whom he was living in 1220 (no source cited)[1288]. Jacques de Hemricourt records that, of the “onze filhes monss. Iwen de Montferat”, the eldest married “alle saingnor de Wezemale en Braybant...mess. Ernus de Vivirs”[1289]. Testing the uncertain chronology of the children of Iwan de Montferrant against the Wesemaal family is difficult, although the death of her supposed brother Adam de Montferrant “after Mar 1262” appears consistent with his oldest sister marrying Arnout [II]. Hemricourt’s reference to “de Vivirs” has not been explained. If the marriage is correct, she died before [1222], the suggested date of her supposed husband’s marriage to Beatrix van Breda. [m ([before 1215/20?]) as his first wife, ARNOUT [II] Heer van Wesemaal, son of ARNOUT [I] Heer van Wesemaal & his wife --- ([1185/95?]-[5 Feb 1261/May 1265]).]

c) --- de Montferrant . Jacques de Hemricourt records that, of the “onze filhes monss. Iwen de Montferat”, the second married “a castelain de Montengnis”[1290]. Borman names him Guillaume[1291]. In a later passage, Hemricourt records that “ly bastars de Wezemale et ly castelain de Montengniez”, from the context the latter being the son of this couple, were killed “alle batailhe a Waremme”[1292]. Borman names “Jean châtelain de Montenaken chevalier” killed at Waremme 7 Jun 1313 “époux d’Isabelle de Neufchâteau”[1293]. m GUILLAUME Châtelain de Montenaken, son of ---.

d) --- de Montferrant . Jacques de Hemricourt records that, of the “onze filhes monss. Iwen de Montferat”, the third married “a monss. badewien Saing. de Geneffe castelain de Waremme, tayon de bon castelain”[1294]. m BAUDOUIN Seigneur de Geneffe, Châtelain de Waremme, son of ---.

e) --- de Montferrant . Jacques de Hemricourt records that, of the “onze filhes monss. Iwen de Montferat”, the fourth married “a monss. Wilhelme le Viez Saingnor d’Awans”[1295]. m GUILLAUME Seigneur d’Awans, son of ---.

f) --- de Montferrant . Jacques de Hemricourt records that, of the “onze filhes monss. Iwen de Montferat”, the fifth married “a monss. Istasse le Viez Frank homme de Holegnoul”[1296]. m EUSTACHE franchomme de Holgnoul, son of ---.

g) --- de Montferrant . Jacques de Hemricourt records that, of the “onze filhes monss. Iwen de Montferat”, the sixth married “alle Saingnor de Coyterebe deleis Bruxelle...Simons”[1297]. m SIMON Seigneur de Quadrebbe, son of ---.

h) --- de Montferrant . Jacques de Hemricourt records that, of the “onze filhes monss. Iwen de Montferat”, the seventh married “alle Saingnor de Meadrenge...Iwen”[1298]. m IWAN Seigneur de Meadrenge, son of ---.

i) --- de Montferrant . Jacques de Hemricourt records that, of the “onze filhes monss. Iwen de Montferat”, the eighth married “alle Saingnor de Gochoncourt deleis Tinlemont”[1299]. m --- Seigneur de Gossoncourt, son of ---.

j) --- de Montferrant . Jacques de Hemricourt records that, of the “onze filhes monss. Iwen de Montferat”, the ninth married “alle Saing. de Haleybeke...messire Iohan”[1300]. m JEAN Seigneur de Hellebecq, son of ---.

k) --- de Montferrant . Jacques de Hemricourt records that, of the “onze filhes monss. Iwen de Montferat”, the tenth was mother of “cheaz de Glenners et de Rycle en la conteit de Louz, quy portent d’or a lyon de sable”[1301]. m --- de Gelene et de Rikel, son of ---.

l) --- de Montferrant . Jacques de Hemricourt records that, of the “onze filhes monss. Iwen de Montferat”, the eleventh was mother of “chilh de Wynes et de Berghines en Braybant, quy portent d’argent a lyon d’azure et crient Wynes”[1302]. m --- de Wyne et de Berghine, son of ---.

GUILLAUME [I] d’Oreilhe, son of ADAM de Montferrant Seigneur d’Oreilhe & his wife Elisabeth d’Oreilhe (-[24 Nov 1294/12 May 1298]). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Adan fil a monssieur Iwen de Montferat” had “siez fis...Monssieur Wilhelme Doreilhe Monss. Iohan d’Oreilhe, Badewien Butoir, Adan et Gerar”, all of whom died without heirs except for Guillaume[1303]. Seigneur d’Oreilhe. Heer van Rummen. Guillaume Seigneur d’Oreilhe et de Rummen named “Johannes frater noster...Arnoldus dictus de Glinden avunculus noster...Balduinus de Urle avunculus noster...Johannes de Arscot consanguineus noster, milites” in a charter dated 1268[1304]. The 24 Nov 1294 charter of his son Arnoul suggests that Guillaume was alive at that date, while he is named as deceased in the 12 May 1298 charter of his son Jean, the two charters quoted below.

m ---. The name of Guillaume’s wife is not known.

Guillaume [I] & his wife had four children:

1. ARNOUL [II] d’Oreilhe (-before 1318). Jacques de Hemricourt records that Guillaume d’Oreilhe, son of Adam de Montferrant, had “dois fis et une filhe...Monss. Ernus Saingnor Doreilhe et Monssieur Iohan Doreilhe Saingnor de Rumynes...”[1305]. “Arnoldus filius domini Willelmi militis de Orelo et Adam ipsius domini Willelmi militis frater” promised to confirm the donation bequeathed to Parc-les-Dames by “dominus Willelmus predictus”, where “sorore Aleyde sanctimoniali sua filia” had made her vows, by charter dated 24 Nov 1294[1306]. Seigneur d’Oreilhe. He died before 1318, the date of his son’s charter cited below. m ---. The name of Arnoul’s wife is not known. Arnoul [II] & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME [II] d’Oreilhe (-[Nov 1368/13 Jul 1370]). Jacques de Hemricourt records that Arnoul d’Oreilhe, son of Guillaume Seigneur d’Oreilhe, had “on fil...Mess. Wilhelme quy fut Sires Doreilhe”[1307]. Seigneur d’Oreilhe. Guillaume Seigneur d’Oreilhe chevalier with “monsangneur Jehan son oncle” sealed a charter dated 1318 “des échevins d’Oreye”[1308]. Guillaume Seigneur d’Oreilhe is named as vassal of the comte de Namur in a charter dated 1346[1309]. “Le chevalier Guillaume d’Oreye et messire Guillaume son fils” are named in a charter dated 30 Mar 1360[1310]. The early Nov 1368 charter quoted below, in which Guillaume’s son Arnoul [III] is not named seigneur d’Oreilhe, suggests that Guillaume was still alive at the time. He is named as deceased in the 13 Jul 1370 charter of his son Arnoul [III], quoted below. m ---. The name of Guillaume’s wife is not known. Borman suggests that “[elle] doit avoir appartenu à la famille de Rosée, car cette seigneurie passa plus tard à ses descendants”[1311]. Guillaume [II] & his wife had two children:

i) ARNOUL [III] d’Oreilhe (-[13 Jul 1370/22 Dec 1383]). Jacques de Hemricourt records that Guillaume d’Oreilhe, son of Arnoul Seigneur d’Oreilhe, had “dois fis...Monssieur Ernus Saing. Doreilhe et Monss. Wilhelme”[1312]. Seigneur de Rosée. Seigneur de Termes (part). He is named in the early Nov 1368 charter quoted below under his wife. Seigneur d’Oreilhe. A charter dated 13 Jul 1370 records “Messire Arnolt de Orelhe chevalier, fil ainnez de jadit messire Wilheame d’Orelhe chevalier” holding “sa seigneurie d’Oreye” as a fief from the county of Looz in succession to his father[1313]. He died before the 22 Dec 1383 charter of his son cited below. m (before Nov 1368) BEATRIX du Bois, daughter of [EDOUARD [I] Seigneur du Bois & his wife ---]. Two documents suggest her parentage: “Weris de Walcourt chevalier seigneur de Termes en partie, sa femme Jean du Bos, Arnoud d’Oreye chevalier seigneur de Rosée et dudit Termes en partie, sa femme Béatrice du Bos, ainsi qu’Audouares dou Bos écuyer, également seigneur partiel de Termes” suspended charges on the inhabitants of Termes in light of damage caused during recent wars, by charter dated early Nov 1368[1314]. Fragments of an enquiry dated end-15th/early 16th century into the succession of “la terre de Rosée” record the death before 22 Jun 1477 of “Guillaume d’Oreye-Rummen, descendant d’Arnoud et de Béatrice de Bois”[1315]. Arnoul [III] & his wife had one child:

(a) GUILLAUME [III] d’Oreilhe (-after 22 Dec 1383). Guillaume, minor son of Arnoul, is recorded in a charter dated 22 Dec 1383 as holding “le relief d’Oreye, à l’intervention de Walter de Holede, son tuteur”[1316]. Guillaume [III] or his brother presumably left descendants as indicated by the following document: fragments of an enquiry dated end-15th/early 16th century into the succession of “la terre de Rosée” record the death before 22 Jun 1477 of “Guillaume d’Oreye-Rummen, descendant d’Arnoud et de Béatrice de Bois”[1317]. Borman & Poncelet record this last Guillaume d’Oreilhe as descendant of Guillaume, younger brother of Arnoul [III][1318]. This has not been verified.

ii) GUILLAUME d’Oreilhe (-after 1374). Jacques de Hemricourt records that Guillaume d’Oreilhe, son of Arnoul Seigneur d’Oreilhe, had “dois fis...Monssieur Ernus Saing. Doreilhe et Monss. Wilhelme”[1319]. “Le chevalier Guillaume d’Oreye et messire Guillaume son fils” are named in a charter dated 30 Mar 1360[1320]. Guillaume received compensation in 1374 for his imprisonment “à Basweiler, sous Robert de Namur”[1321]. m --- de Barbançon, daughter of GUILLAUME de Barbançon Seigneur de Jeumont & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that Guillaume d’Oreilhe, son of Arnoul Seigneur d’Oreilhe, had “dois fis...Monssieur Ernus Saing. Doreilhe et Monss. Wilhelme”, the latter marrying “en Haynau alle sereur Monss. Gerart de Ieumont”[1322]. Borman records that she was “fille de Guillaume de Barbançon seigneur de Jeumont”, but cites no source which confirms her parentage[1323].

2. JEAN d’Oreilhe (-24 Sep 1332). Jacques de Hemricourt records that Guillaume d’Oreilhe, son of Adam de Montferrant, had “dois fis et une filhe...Monss. Ernus Saingnor Doreilhe et Monssieur Iohan Doreilhe Saingnor de Rumynes, quy de part sa femme fut Sires de Vellerous”[1324]. Seigneur de Velroux, de iure uxoris. Heer van Rummen.

- see below.

3. --- d’Oreilhe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that Guillaume d’Oreilhe, son of Adam de Montferrant, had “dois fis et une filhe”, the latter marrying “Godefrois de Blanmont escuwiers” by whom she had “dois filhes”, of whom the older married “Monssieur Prommekien de Wotrenges” and the younger “morit sains hoirs”[1325]. m GODEFROI de Blanmont, son of ---.

4. ALIX d’Oreilhe (-after 12 May 1298). Nun at Parc-les-Dames. “Arnoldus filius domini Willelmi militis de Orelo et Adam ipsius domini Willelmi militis frater” promised to confirm the donation bequeathed to Parc-les-Dames by “dominus Willelmus predictus”, where “sorore Aleyde sanctimoniali sua filia” had made her vows, by charter dated 24 Nov 1294[1326]. “Jehans sires de Velrus fis a mon sangnor Wilhiame de Orelh chevalier ki ja fut” donated revenue to “damme Alis nonne de Parke me sur” by charter dated 12 May 1298[1327].

JEAN d’Oreilhe, son of GUILLAUME [I] Seigneur d’Oreilhe & his wife --- (-24 Sep 1332). Jacques de Hemricourt records that Guillaume d’Oreilhe, son of Adam de Montferrant, had “dois fis et une filhe...Monss. Ernus Saingnor Doreilhe et Monssieur Iohan Doreilhe Saingnor de Rumynes, quy de part sa femme fut Sires de Vellerous”[1328]. Seigneur de Velroux, de iure uxoris. “Jehans sires de Velrus fis a mon sangnor Wilhiame de Orelh chevalier ki ja fut” donated revenue to “damme Alis nonne de Parke me sur” by charter dated 12 May 1298[1329]. Heer van Rummen. Guillaume Seigneur d’Oreilhe chevalier with “monsangneur Jehan son oncle” sealed a charter dated 1318 “des échevins d’Oreye”[1330]. Borman records his death 24 Sep 1332[1331].

m (before 12 May 1298) --- de Velroux, daughter of RENIER Seigneur de Velroux & his wife Marguerite Surles. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “apres le mort dedit Iohan Dachou...Dame Margriette Surles sa femme soy remariat a Monss. Renier Saing. de Vellerous” and had seven daughters, of whom the eldest married “Monss. Iohan Doreilhe Saing. de Vellerous de part sa dite femme”[1332]. Her marriage is dated from the 12 May 1298 charter quoted above in which her husband is named seigneur de Velroux.

Jean & his wife had five children:

1. GUILLAUME d’Oreilhe (-1335 or after, bur Oriente abbey). Jacques de Hemricourt names the two sons and three daughters of “monss. Iohan Doteilhe saing. de Vellerous de part sa dite femme” and his wife, of whom the older son “mess. Wilhelmes sires de Romynes” who was “scuwier alle Dame de Quakebeyke filhe le conte Ernus de Looz, s’il en amat la dite Dame et le prist a marit contre volunteit de ses amis”[1333]. Heer van Rummen. Sénéchal du comte de Looz. Jalheau records his parentage and marriage, noting that he was écuyer to her future wife whom he married in opposition to her family[1334]. “Guillaume de Hurle seigneur de Rumen, Jeanne de Guwebecke sa femme, et Arnout von Hurle leur fils” ceded “les comtés de Loen et de Chiny...[et] aussi les droits qui pourraient leur échoir par le décès de Louis comte de Loen et de Chiny” to “Diederich seigneur de Heinsberg et de Blankenberg” by charter dated 1335 “op de derde Indictien. Stile de Liége”[1335]. m (Papal dispensation 28 Oct 1318) as her second husband, JEANNE de Looz, widow of ARNOUT van Wesemaal Heer van Bergen op Zoom, daughter of ARNOUL [V] Comte de Looz et de Chiny & his wife Margareta von Vianden (-after 1335, bur Oriente abbey). Vrouw van Quatbeke. Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the charter dated 21 Jul 1313 under which Willem II Count of Holland confirmed the agreement between “Gherard Heer van Voirne Burchgrave van Zeeland ende Heylewyfe Vrouwe van Vorne Burchgravinne van Zeland”, with the consent of “Heren Arnoud Grave van Loen, Heren Gherarde van Wezemale Here van Marchem, ende met Jehanna van Loen Vrouwe van Quaetbeke”, for the marriage between [her daughter] “Joncvrouwen Machtilde siere nichten ende hare oudster dochter Joncvrouwe ban Berghen up den Zoom” and “onsen [refers to Gerard Heer van Vorne] oudsten erfsoene” with the consent of “...myn Here Jan Here van Arkel onsen [refers to Gerard Heer van Vorne] neve”[1336]. This is partially confirmed by Jacques de Hemricourt who records that “mess. Johan” married “a la dame de Berghes sor le Zome...filhe alle dame de Quekebeke sereur al conte Ernut de Louz, quy apres ce reprist a marit monss. Wilhelme d’Oreilhe saingnon de Rumines”[1337]. “Guillaume de Hurle seigneur de Rumen, Jeanne de Guwebecke sa femme, et Arnout von Hurle leur fils” ceded “les comtés de Loen et de Chiny...[et] aussi les droits qui pourraient leur échoir par le décès de Louis comte de Loen et de Chiny” to “Diederich seigneur de Heinsberg et de Blankenberg” by charter dated 1335 “op de derde Indictien. Stile de Liége”[1338]. Guillaume & his wife had two children[1339]:

a) ARNOUL d’Oreilhe (-Liège after 4 May 1373). “Guillaume de Hurle seigneur de Rumen, Jeanne de Guwebecke sa femme, et Arnout von Hurle leur fils” ceded “les comtés de Loen et de Chiny...[et] aussi les droits qui pourraient leur échoir par le décès de Louis comte de Loen et de Chiny” to “Diederich seigneur de Heinsberg et de Blankenberg” by charter dated 1335 “op de derde Indictien. Stile de Liége”[1340]. Jacques de Hemricourt names “mess. Ernus sires de Romynes...bannerez et de merveilheux estat et despens” as son of “mess. Wilhelmes sires de Romynes” and his wife, adding that he died without heirs at Liège after losing his war with the bishop of Liège who forced him to abandon his claims to the county of Looz[1341]. Heer van Rummen. Heer van Quatbeke. Grand bailli de Brabant 1357. Jean de Looz-Agimont and his daughter Marie sold “les seigneuries de Hemricourt et de Lantremange avec la bouteilerie de l’évêque de Liège” to “Arnoul seigneur de Rummen et de Quabeek, prétendant au comté de Looz”, guaranteeing the sale against claims made by “Jean sire de Rochefort et d’Ayshove, mari d’Isabelle d’Agimont, par une assignation sur la terre de Walhain”, by charter dated 27 Oct 1357[1342]. [Comte de Looz]: he bought rights to the county of Looz from Gottfried Herr von Heinsberg (grandson of the oldest sister of Arnoul’s mother) in 1363 and adopted the title “comte de Looz”[1343]. The Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868) records the circumstances surrounding the succession to the county of Looz and the different claimants[1344]. He was defeated by forces of the bishop of Liège, who destroyed his castle at Rummen 14 Oct 1365, and forced to abandon his claim to Looz[1345]. His testament, dated 4 May 1373, bequeathed property “sa terre de Rummen” to “Jeanne l’aînée de ses enfants bâtards”[1346]. m (after May 1346) as her second husband, ELISABETH de Flandre Dame de Somerghem, widow of SIMON di Mirabello Seigneur de Perwez, illegitimate daughter of LOUIS de Flandre Comte de Nevers & his mistress --- ([1305/10?]-[27] Mar 1365). Follow her hyperlink for discussion about her parentage Du Chesne records the death 27 Mar 1365 of "Elizabeth Dame de Somerghem fille naturelle du Comte Louys de Nevers" (no source cited)[1347]. Arnoul had three illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

i) JEANNE d’Oreilhe (-after 1373). Her father’s testament, dated 4 May 1373, bequeathed property “sa terre de Rummen” to “Jeanne l’aînée de ses enfants bâtards”[1348]. Jeanne de Rummen “assistée d’Arnold et Nicolas ses frères naturels” registered “le relief de Rummen devant la cour féodale de Liège” (undated)[1349].

ii) ARNOUL d’Oreilhe bastaard van Rummen (-after 1382). Jeanne de Rummen “assistée d’Arnold et Nicolas ses frères naturels” registered “le relief de Rummen devant la cour féodale de Liège” (undated)[1350]. m (after 1382) as her second husband, MARIE de Looz Dame de Walhain et d’Eghezée, widow of THIERRY de Haneffe Seigneur de Seraing-le-Château, daughter of JEAN de Looz Seigneur d’Agimont & his wife Johanna van Gavre Dame d´Hérimez, Vrouw van Aischove. Jacques de Hemricourt names “Isabeal et Marie” as the two daughters of “mons. Iohan de Louz” and his wife[1351]. Dame de Walhain et d’Eghezée. Jacques de Hemricourt records the marriage of “Thiris...sires de Seraing et de Warfesees et assi de Walhain de part madame sa femme” and “le filhe de...saignnor d’Agimont”[1352]. Jean de Looz-Agimont and his daughter Marie sold “les seigneuries de Hemricourt et de Lantremange avec la bouteilerie de l’évêque de Liège” to “Arnoul seigneur de Rummen et de Quabeek, prétendant au comté de Looz”, guaranteeing the sale against claims made by “Jean sire de Rochefort et d’Ayshove, mari d’Isabelle d’Agimont, par une assignation sur la terre de Walhain”, by charter dated 27 Oct 1357[1353]. Thil records that Marie de Looz-Agimont married secondly after 1382 “Arnold, fils naturel d’Arnoul de Rummen, l’acquéreur des seigneuries familiales de Hemricourt”[1354]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified. . .

iii) NICOLAS d’Oreilhe (-after 1373). Jeanne de Rummen “assistée d’Arnold et Nicolas ses frères naturels” registered “le relief de Rummen devant la cour féodale de Liège” (undated)[1355].

b) MARIE d’Oreilhe (-3 Apr 1358, bur Hamal). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly filhe dedit monss. Wilhelme et sereur alle dit monss. Ernut de Romynes” married “mons. Iohan saing. de Hermale”[1356]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified. An epitaph at Hamal records the burial of “monsignour Johans sires de Hamale” who died 30 Jun 1386 and of “dame Marie de Romines dame de Hamalle ladit femme a mosigr. Jehans sire de Hamale” who died 3 Apr 1358[1357]. m JEAN Seigneur de Hamal, son of GUILLAUME Seigneur de Hamal & his wife --- (-30 Jun 1386, bur Hamal).

2. RENIER d’Oreilhe (-killed in battle Nierbonne, near Huy 1328). Jacques de Hemricourt names the two sons of “monss. Iohan Doteilhe saing. de Vellerous de part sa dite femme” and his wife “mess. Wilhelmes sires de Romynes et Renechon”, adding in a later passage that “Renechon” died “alle batailhe à Nyerbonne deleis Huy”[1358]. Borman & Poncelet record his death in 1328[1359]. m --- GERTRUDE d’Esneux, daughter of THOMAS d’Esneux & his wife --- (-after 1350). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Renechon” married “alle filhe monss. Thomas d’Asteneuz”[1360]. Borman & Poncelet record her name “Gertrude” and her mention in 1340 and 1350[1361]. Renier & his wife had one child:

a) AGNES d’Oreilhe (-11 Mar 1375, bur Dominican church). Dame de Velroux. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Renechon” and his wife had “une filhe mariée la promier fois a monss. Iohan de Chierf saing. de Barveal chevalier quy morits sains hoirs et puis soy remariat ly Dame a Ernut fil Watier de Nandreu dit de Corwaremme escuwier et fut Dame de Vellerous”, by whom she had “un fis...Iohan quy novellement at pris l’ordene de chevalerie et est Sire de Vellerous, sy fut marieis alle filhe monss. Rasse de Bierlo avoweit de Sclachien chevalier et en at on fil de jovene eage”[1362]. Borman notes that she was a minor in 1340 but in a charter dated 1350 was wife of “Jean seigneur de Barvaux”[1363]. She was unmarried 2 Dec 1365 when she named her “mambour Renechon, fils de Guy de Fexhe”[1364]. Borman records her death 11 Mar 1375 and burial “aux Frères-Précheurs”[1365]. m firstly (before 1350) JEAN de Cerf Seigneur de Barvaux, son of --- (-[1357/Nov 1365]). m secondly (-after 2 Dec 1365) ARNOUL de Corswarem Seigneur de Nandrin, son of GAUTHIER de Corswarem Seigneur de Nandrin & his wife ---.

3. --- d’Oreilhe . Jacques de Hemricourt records the three daughters of “monss. Iohan Doteilhe saing. de Vellerous de part sa dite femme” and his wife, of whom the eldest married “Bertran de Liers freire a Monss. Iohan ly Viez voweit de Liers”[1366]. m BERTRAND de Liers, son of ---.

4. MARGUERITE d’Oreilhe (-after 1367). Jacques de Hemricourt records the three daughters of “monss. Iohan Doteilhe saing. de Vellerous de part sa dite femme” and his wife, of whom the second married “a Iohan de Meirs fil saing. Gilhon Rigo esquevin de Liege”[1367]. Borman & Poncelet record her name “Marguerite” and her mention as a widow in 1367[1368]. m JEAN Avoué de Meers “le vieux”, son of ---.

5. --- d’Oreilhe . Jacques de Hemricourt records the three daughters of “monss. Iohan Doteilhe saing. de Vellerous de part sa dite femme” and his wife, of whom the third married “Guys de Fexhe deleis selliens”[1369]. m GUY de Fexhe-lez-Slins, son of ---.

O. SEIGNEURS de SERAING (HANEFFE)

Seraing is located in the south-western suburbs of Liège, while Haneffe is about 10 kilometres to the west, south-east of Waremme.

THIERRY de Haneffe, son of EUSTACHE Seigneur de Haneffe [Warfusée] & his second wife --- de Beausaint (-20 Feb 1357, bur Liège Franciscan church). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Houwet de Champ...ainsneis et...mons. Thiry...sires de Seraing delle succession mons. Thiris Tabareul son oncle” as the two sons of “ly secons mess. Istasses Persans ainsneis fis de vielh et promerain monss. Persans” and his second wife, adding that Thierry was “sires de Seraing et de Herkes deleis Tongres delle succession mons. Thiry Tabarial son oncle”[1370]. Seigneur de Seraing-le-Château.

m --- de Presles, daughter of ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Thiry...sires de Seraing” married “al hoir de Prailes”[1371].

Thierry & his wife had two children:

1. EUSTACHE de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Thiry...sires de Seraing” and his wife had two children “mess. Istasse de Seraing et une filhe...mariée a on bannerez de Braybant saingnor de Rochelaer, mais elle morit sains hoirs”[1372]. Seigneur de Seraing-le-Château. m (1335) --- de Warfusée, daughter of GAUTHIER de Warfusée dit de Momele & his second wife --- Chabot. Jacques de Hemricourt records the marriage in 1335 of “mons. Istasse fil de...mons. Thiri de Haneffe saingnon de Seraing le Casteal” and “delle filhe mons. Waltier de Momale freres germain de...mons. Rasses alle petitte boke” as part of the peace settlement to end the war between “cheaz d’Awans et de Warous”, on condition her uncle granted her “sa...terre de Warfezées et de Herypont”, adding that Eustache died soon afterwards leaving three children “Thiris quy puis fut sires de Seraing et de Warfesees et assi de Walhain de part madame sa femme, Waltier et Istasses...andois chevaliers et morirent mult jovenes sains hoirs”[1373]. Eustache & his wife had three children:

a) THIERRY de Haneffe (-[1382]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Thiris quy puis fut sires de Seraing et de Warfesees et assi de Walhain de part madame sa femme, Waltier et Istasses...andois chevaliers et morirent mult jovenes sains hoirs” as the children of “mons. Istasse fil de...mons. Thiri de Haneffe saingnon de Seraing le Casteal” and his wife[1374]. Seigneur de Seraing-le-Château. m (before 1363) as her first husband, MARIE de Looz Dame de Walhain et d’Eghezée, daughter of JEAN de Looz Seigneur d’Agimont & his wife Johanna van Gavre Dame d´Hérimez, Vrouw van Aischove. Jacques de Hemricourt records the marriage of “Thiris...sires de Seraing et de Warfesees et assi de Walhain de part madame sa femme” and “le filhe de...saignnor d’Agimont”[1375]. She married secondly (after 1382) Arnoul d’Oreilhe bastaard van Rummen. Thierry & his wife had two children:

i) JEANNE de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt names “dame Iohanne femme de noble...Gerart d’Enghien castelain de Mons en Haynau et saingnor de Haurech et de Byeme, quy de part...sa femme est a present sires de Seraing et de Warfezées” as the older daughter of “Thiris quy puis fut sires de Seraing et de Warfesees” and his wife, noting that they had “un fils chevalier...Gerard et une fille” neither of whom were married at the time of writing[1376]. Dame de Seraing et de Warfusée. m GERARD d’Enghien Châtelain de Mons, son of ---.

ii) MARIE de Haneffe (-before 1 Sep 1459). Jacques de Hemricourt names “madame Marie femme a Mons. Englebert delle Marche saingnor de Lovirva, quy de part...sa dite femme est saingnor de Walhain” as the younger daughter of “Thiris quy puis fut sires de Seraing et de Warfesees” and his wife, who was childless[1377]. Dame de Walhain. Under letters patent dated 1 Sep 1459 “messire Antoine de Glimes seigneur de Walhain et de Melin” promised to make payments from “une rente héréditaire créée en sa faveur par Jean Van Wouve et dame Marie de Serain conjointe décédés sur leur seigneurie de Walhain” to “Guillaume Brant van Asia...”[1378]. m firstly ENGELBERT von der Mark Heer van Vogelsanck, son of ENGELBERT von der Mark Seigneur de Loverval & his second wife Isabelle de Hamal (-Liège 8 Mar 1422, bur Liège St Jacques). m secondly JAN van Woude, son of NIKLAAS van Woude & his wife Katharina van Boutersem (-before 1 Sep 1459). Butkens records his parentage[1379]. The primary source which confirms that the information is correct has not been identified.

b) GAUTHIER de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Thiris quy puis fut sires de Seraing et de Warfesees et assi de Walhain de part madame sa femme, Waltier et Istasses...andois chevaliers et morirent mult jovenes sains hoirs” as the children of “mons. Istasse fil de...mons. Thiri de Haneffe saingnon de Seraing le Casteal” and his wife[1380]. m as her first husband, JEANNE de Thynes, daughter of THIERRY Seigneur de Thynes et de Faulx & his wife --- de Chantraines. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “ly tirce filhe de...saingnor de Thynes” married firstly “mons. Waltirs de Seraing”, by whom she was childless, and secondly “mons. Wilhelme de Gauvre dit de Herimeis saingnor de Stenkerke” by whom she had 19 children of whom thirteen were living[1381]. She married secondly as his second wife, Guillaume [I] de Gavre dit de Herimée Seigneur de Steenkerke.

c) EUSTACHE de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Thiris quy puis fut sires de Seraing et de Warfesees et assi de Walhain de part madame sa femme, Waltier et Istasses...andois chevaliers et morirent mult jovenes sains hoirs” as the children of “mons. Istasse fil de...mons. Thiri de Haneffe saingnon de Seraing le Casteal” and his wife[1382].

2. --- de Haneffe . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mons. Thiry...sires de Seraing” and his wife had two children “mess. Istasse de Seraing et une filhe...mariée a on bannerez de Braybant saingnor de Rochelaer, mais elle morit sains hoirs”[1383]. Jacques de Hemricourt records that the third daughter of “monss. Heyneman de Hoctebierge” married “a on chevalier Days en Refays” and had a daughter “dont ly sires de Rochelars issit, quy fut marieius alle filhe de...mons. Thiry de Haneffe saingnor de Seraing” who died “sains hoir”[1384]. m --- Heer van Rotselaar, son of --- & his wife --- d’Ays.

P. SEIGNEURS de WARFUSEE

The reconstruction of the early generations of this family is based only on Jacques de Hemricourt’s late 14th century Miroir des Nobles de Hesbaye. As noted below, the earlier part of Hemricourt’s narrative cannot be accurate as he tries to fit five generations of ancestry into a period of approximately 80 years. However, his chronicle specifies personal knowledge of individuals whom he records in the later generations. The difficulty is the impossibility of assessing the point at which legend becomes fact (the first three generations are shown below in square brackets to highlight the difficulty). A further difficulty with Hemricourt’s work is the distortion of the original text by later translations into modern French which add their own interpretation. The original medieval French text, published by Salbray in 1673, is accompanied by his own inaccurate translation. Jalhau’s 1791 edition is an interpretation of the original text in modernised language, the order of the information rearranged and grouped by family and accompanied by commentary in footnotes which adds his own perspective on the family relationships but which is not always verifiable. To avoid problems presented by these later texts, only the original text from Salbray’s edition has been used.

1. [RASO [de Dommartin] . Jacques de Hemricourt’s late 14th century Miroir des Nobles de Hesbaye records that “uns nobles chevaliers...Rasse alle barbe freres al conte de Domartien en Goyelle” was exiled by Philippe II King of France and settled at “Warniz” [Huy] where he married “ly sires de Warfezée...Alys...sa filhe” and built a castle “preis de Warfezéez” which he called “Domartin” in remembrance of his ancestry[1385]. Considering that the same source records that Raso’s supposed great-great-grandson died in 1272, this report appears to be chronologically impossible. m ALIX de Warfusée, daughter of LIBERT Seigneur de Warfusée & his wife Agnes ---. Raso & his wife had children:]

a) [LIBERT [de Sureal] . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Libiert Sureal...et...Houwe Dawir” as the two sons of “Rasse alle barbe...de Domartien en Goyelle” and his wife, adding that Libert inherited “Warfezée, Domartien, Harduemon...”[1386]. m ---. The name of Libert’s wife is not known. Libert & his wife had three children:]

i) [OTTON . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Otton...Renart et Dant Everart...Abbes de Saint Loren” as the three sons of Libert[1387]. m ---. The name of Otton’s wife is not known. Otton & his wife had four children:]

(a) RASO [I] (-after 18 Apr 1209). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasses sires de Warfezéez et de Domartien, ly secons...Thomas...sires de Hermolles, le tiers...Ernus sires de Harduemont, de Hautepenne et d’Awir, et ly quatrieme...Istasse...sires de Nœf-chasteal en la terre de Dollehain et de Hanueffe...et...une sereur mariée a Walhen” as the five children of Otton[1388]. Seigneur de Warfusée.

- see below.

(b) THOMAS . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasses sires de Warfezéez et de Domartien, ly secons...Thomas...sires de Hermolles, le tiers...Ernus sires de Harduemont, de Hautepenne et d’Awir, et ly quatrieme...Istasse...sires de Nœf-chasteal en la terre de Dollehain et de Hanueffe...et...une sereur mariée a Walhen” as the five children of Otton, in a later passage providing details of Thomas’s descendants[1389]. Seigneur de Hermalle.

(c) ARNAUD . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasses sires de Warfezéez et de Domartien, ly secons...Thomas...sires de Hermolles, le tiers...Ernus sires de Harduemont, de Hautepenne et d’Awir, et ly quatrieme...Istasse...sires de Nœf-chasteal en la terre de Dollehain et de Hanueffe...et...une sereur mariée a Walhen” as the five children of Otton, in a later passage providing details of Arnaud’s descendants[1390]. Seigneur de Harduemont et de Hautepenne.

(d) EUSTACHE de Warfusée . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasses sires de Warfezéez et de Domartien, ly secons...Thomas...sires de Hermolles, le tiers...Ernus sires de Harduemont, de Hautepenne et d’Awir, et ly quatrieme...Istasse...sires de Nœf-chasteal en la terre de Dollehain et de Hanueffe...et...une sereur mariée a Walhen” as the five children of Otton[1391]. Seigneur de Neufchâteau et de Haneffe.

- SEIGNEURS de NEUFCHÂTEAU.

(e) --- de Warfusée . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasses sires de Warfezéez et de Domartien, ly secons...Thomas...sires de Hermolles, le tiers...Ernus sires de Harduemont, de Hautepenne et d’Awir, et ly quatrieme...Istasse...sires de Nœf-chasteal en la terre de Dollehain et de Hanueffe...et...une sereur mariée a Walhen” as the five children of Otton, a later passage stating that the daughter married “en Braybant al saingnor de Walhehain...bannerez”[1392]. m ARNOUL [III] Seigneur de Walhain, son of GUILLAUME de Walhain & his wife --- (-after 13 Jul 1233).

ii) [RENARD . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Otton...Renart et Dant Everart...Abbes de Saint Loren” as the three sons of Libert, adding that Renard died without heirs[1393].]

iii) [EVERARD . Abbé de Saint-Laurent. Jacques de Hemricourt names “Otton...Renart et Dant Everart...Abbes de Saint Loren” as the three sons of Libert[1394].]

b) [HUGUES [d’Awyr] . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Libiert Sureal...et...Houwe Dawir” as the two sons of “Rasse alle barbe...de Domartien en Goyelle” and his wife, adding that Hugues inherited “Lexhi, Limont, Geneffe, Warous, la Vowerie d’Awans...”, a later passage providing details of the descendants of Hugues[1395].]

Two brothers:

1. FASTRE de Dommartin de Warfusée (-after 1190). "...Fastradus de Domartin..." witnessed the charter dated 29 Sep 1171 under which Emperor Friedrich I notified that Rodolphe Bishop of Liège had donated "benefitium...in villa Harstallii" to the church of Liège[1396]. "...Fastradus de Donmartin et Breto frater eius..." witnessed the charter dated 1178 under which the chapter of Liège donated "hereditatem de Thinelemont" to “dominus Godefridus dux Lotharingie...filio suo Alberto canonico ecclesie nostre”[1397]. "...Fastredus de Dunmartin et frater eius" witnessed the charter dated 1185 under which Raoul Bishop of Liège borrowed from "curiam de Hugardes" to redeem assets “curie de Bavenchin”[1398]. "...Fastrardus de Wafisees..." witnessed the charter dated 1190 under which the chapter of Liège notified that "ecclesia Florinensis" had purchased property “de Lyers”[1399].

2. BRETO (-after 1185). "...Fastradus de Donmartin et Breto frater eius..." witnessed the charter dated 1178 under which the chapter of Liège donated "hereditatem de Thinelemont" to “dominus Godefridus dux Lotharingie...filio suo Alberto canonico ecclesie nostre”[1400]. "...Fastredus de Dunmartin et frater eius" witnessed the charter dated 1185 under which Raoul Bishop of Liège borrowed from "curiam de Hugardes" to redeem assets “curie de Bavenchin”[1401].

RASO [I] de Warfusée, son of [OTTON & his wife ---] (-after 18 Apr 1209). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasses sires de Warfezéez et de Domartien, ly secons...Thomas...sires de Hermolles, le tiers...Ernus sires de Harduemont, de Hautepenne et d’Awir, et ly quatrieme...Istasse...sires de Nœf-chasteal en la terre de Dollehain et de Hanueffe...et...une sereur mariée a Walhen” as the five children of Otton[1402]. Seigneur de Warfusée. “...Rasso de Warfesies...” witnessed the charter dated 18 Apr 1209 under which Hugues Bishop of Liège acknowledged the allegiance of Philippe Marquis de Namur for Samson castle[1403].

m ---. The name of Raso’s wife is not known.

Raso [I] & his wife had seven children:

1. OTTON de Warfusée (-after 1240). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Otton, Ernul” as the two sons of “Messires Raes premier seigneur de Warfusée”[1404]. Seigneur de Warfusée. "Arnaldus dominus de Biafort iuxta Hoium" hypothecated "decimas...de Bens, de Beafort, de Giures, de Viler, de Louignes, de Ahiers, et de Lauacherecce" to Liège Saint-Lambert by charter dated 25 Jun 1235, witnessed by “Fastradus de Berlo...Otto de Wafresees, Eustacius dictus li Persans de Honeffe, Radulphus de Cella, Rigaldus, Egidius fratres mei milites”[1405]. “Domnus Balduinus de Geneffia...Fastradus de Beroz, Otto et Arnulphus fratres de Warpheses...” witnessed the charter dated 1240 which records an arbitral sentence awarding property “apud Latines” claimed by “Gisbertum Quadekint militem” to Val-Notre-Dame abbey[1406]. m ---. The name of Otton’s wife is not known. Otton & his wife had two children:

a) RASO [II] de Warfusée (-1270, bur Liège Franciscan Church). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasson...et...Watier” as the two sons of Otton Seigneur de Warfusée, adding that Raso died in 1270 and was buried “en capitele des Freres Meneurs a Liege”[1407]. Seigneur de Warfusée. m --- de Héripont, daughter of ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Rasses saingnor de Warfezées secon de ce nom” married “delle Dame de Herypont en Haynau”[1408]. Raso & his wife had [three] children:

i) daughter . Jacques de Hemricourt names “le Dame de Daveles et mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” as the two children of “Rasses saingnor de Warfezées secon de ce nom” and his wife “delle Dame de Herypont en Haynau”, adding in a later passage that she married “Warnier saingnor de Daveles en la conteit de Namur...bannerez et fis de Monss. Thibaut Dyelezeez saingnor de Lonchamps de secon mariage...en Dame Iuwette sereur ...saingnor de Hemricourt...Monss. Wilhelme Malclerc” and giving details of their descendants[1409]. m WARNIER Seigneur de Dave, son of THIBAUT d’Elzée Seigneur de Longchamp & his wife Ivette de Hemricourt.

ii) RASO [III] de Warfusée (-after 12 Oct 1318). Jacques de Hemricourt names “le Dame de Daveles et mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” as the two children of “Rasses saingnor de Warfezées secon de ce nom” and his wife “delle Dame de Herypont en Haynau”[1410]. Seigneur de Warfusée.

- see below.

iii) [--- . m ---.] One child:

(a) [AGNES . “Jacobus dominus de Claromonte et Henricus dominus de Harmale” noted that "domicella Agnes uxor Gerardi de Berloz" donated land "apud Hotines", which she held "de feodo nostro in dotem...dotata...per dictum Gerardum maritum eius", to Flône abbey, with the consent of "sui mamburni et tutoris...domini Rassonis militis de Warfeseie", by charter dated 10 Apr 1262[1411]. The chronology indicates that Agnes’s “tutor” was Raso [II] Seigneur de Warfusée. The consent of her “tutor” suggests that Agnes was still a minor at the time of the donation, despite the reference to her husband, which indicates that it was probably made as part of the arrangements for her marriage. The “tutor” was presumably Agnes’s close relative. If that is correct, the chronology suggests that Raso [II] was too old to have been her father: Agnes is shown in this document as Raso’s possible granddaughter, only in order to place her somewhere in the Warfusée family. The identity of Agnes’s husband is uncertain. She could have been a second wife of Gérard de Berlo dit de Héron, married late in his life, or a first wife of Gérard Seigneur de Berlo. The use of the name Raso by Gerard’s son, shown below, suggests that the latter possibility is more likely. m (before 10 Apr 1262) [as his first wife,] [GERARD [II] de Berlo, son of GERARD [I] de Berlo dit de Héron & his wife --- de Velroux (-after 16 May 1306)].]

b) GAUTHIER de Warfusée (-after 10 Jul 1296, bur Tinlemont Franciscan Church). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasson...et...Watier” as the two sons of Otton Seigneur de Warfusée, adding that Gauthier was “mons...de Momale...appelleis ly bon Waufflars de Momale” and died without heirs “az freres meneurs a Tinlemont”[1412]. “Rasses sires de Warfusees chevaliers” committed to protecting the interests of Liège Saint-Paul on his lands by charter dated 10 Jul 1296, sealed by “...mon singneur Watier de Warfusees chevalier notre...oncle”[1413].

2. ARNAUD de Warfusée (-after 1240). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Otton, Ernul” as the two sons of “Messires Raes premier seigneur de Warfusée”[1414]. “Domnus Balduinus de Geneffia...Fastradus de Beroz, Otto et Arnulphus fratres de Warpheses...” witnessed the charter dated 1240 which records an arbitral sentence awarding property “apud Latines” claimed by “Gisbertum Quadekint militem” to Val-Notre-Dame abbey[1415]. m firstly as her second husband, --- de l’Isle, widow of PONCHAR, daughter of LAMBUCHE de l’Isle & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Arnaud de Warfusée” married firstly “a Huy a une veve sereur don riche borgois de Liege...saingnor Lambuche d’Ilhe...devant...femme Ponchar luzerier de Huy”, providing details of the couple’s eight children[1416]. m secondly --- d’Atrive, daughter of ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Arnaud de Warfusée” married secondly “alle sereur Wilhelme d’Atrive”, providing details of the couple’s only son[1417].

3. ALIX de Warfusée . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Alys abbeisse delle Vaz Nostre Dame et une atre quy fut dame de Bretonbur en la terre des Warfezées...mariée a on vailhant banneresse de linage de Lemborg et de Hazedale...Heyneman de Sconvorst autrement Days” as two of the five daughters of “Messires Raes premier seigneur de Warfusée”[1418]. Abbesse of Val Notre-Dame.

4. --- de Warfusée . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Alys abbeisse delle Vaz Nostre Dame et une atre quy fut dame de Bretonbur en la terre des Warfezées...mariée a on vailhant banneresse de linage de Lemborg et de Hazedale...Heyneman de Sconvorst autrement Days” as two of the five daughters of “Messires Raes premier seigneur de Warfusée”, in a later passage naming the three sons of Heineman van Schoonvorst[1419]. m HEINEMAN van Schoonvorst, son of ---.

5. --- de Warfusée . Jacques de Hemricourt records that the third daughter of “Rasson saingnor de Warfezees promerain de ce nom” married “mos. Iakemmé delle vaz en Famenne”, naming their children[1420]. m JACQUES de Lavaux, son of ---.

6. --- de Warfusée . Jacques de Hemricourt records that the fourth daughter of “Rasson saingnor de Warfezees promerain de ce nom” married “mos. Geraart saingnor d’Oxhem”, naming their children[1421]. m GERARD Seigneur d’Ochain, son of ---.

7. --- de Warfusée . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Messires Raes premier seigneur de Warfusée” had five daughters but does not name the fifth or provide details of her marriage[1422].

RASO [III] de Warfusée, son of RASO [II] Seigneur de Warfusée & his wife --- de Héropont (-after 12 Oct 1318) . Jacques de Hemricourt names “le Dame de Daveles et mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” as the two children of “Rasses saingnor de Warfezées secon de ce nom” and his wife “delle Dame de Herypont en Haynau”, adding in a later passage that Raso lived to “environ cent ans”[1423]. Seigneur de Warfusée. “Rasses sires de Warfusees chevaliers” committed to protecting the interests of Liège Saint-Paul on his lands by charter dated 10 Jul 1296, sealed by “...mon singneur Watier de Warfusees chevalier notre...oncle”[1424]. Seigneur de Héripont. The marriage contract between “monsigneur Henri sire de Hermale chevalier et damoiselle Aeliz sa fille de nostres dyocese de Liege” and “Ernul de Lumeng avocit de Hesbaing esquyer de la dite dyocese” is dated 12 Oct 1318, witnessed by “Loys conte de Chiny, Thomas de Dyeste, Rasse de Warfusees le jovene sire de Heripont chevaliers...”[1425].

m firstly --- de Vierve, daughter of ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” married “une...filhe de saingnor de Virve”[1426].

m secondly --- de Waroux, daughter of GUILLAUME Seigneur de Waroux & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” married secondly “alle filhe Monss. Wilhelme saingno de Warous” by whom he was childless[1427].

m thirdly as her second husband, --- de Wassebert, widow of --- Seigneur de Heers, daughter of ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” married thirdly “filhe du saingnor de Wassebert quy avoit esteit femme a saingnor de Heers” by whom he had ten children[1428].

Raso [III] & his first wife had ten children:

1. RASO [IV] de Warfusée “à la petite bouche” . Jacques de Hemricourt names “monss. Rasson alle petite boke...sires de Warfezées et de Herypont et qui morit sains hoirs” as the first son of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his wife “une...filhe de saingnor de Virve”, in a later passage stating that he died aged nearly 80 without direct heirs[1429]. Seigneur de Warfusée. “...Monseigneur Raes Seigneur de Warfusée...” signed the commission dated 25 Sep 1334 which restored peace in Liège[1430].

2. GAUTHIER de Warfusée dit de Momele (-after [1335]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Wathi de Momale...Wilhelme de Pepenge, Robier de Thilirs, Iohans de Warfezées dis ly Rosjeaz, Gerars et sires Ottes cannones de Soingnies en Haynau” as the younger sons of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his wife “une...filhe de saingnor de Virve”[1431]. “Arnaldus comes Losensis” notified the agreement between La Paix-Dieu abbey and “Liberto de Corwaremme dicto de Nil armigero fratre domini Arnoldi de Corwaremme militis” whereby the latter confirmed donations made by “domina Margareta quondam de Corwaremme avia ipsius Liberti ac dominus Arnoldus quondam miles filius dicte domine Margarete” to the poor of the city of Liège by charter dated 26 Oct 1298, witnessed by “nobilibus viris domino Waltero de Warfeseis domino de Mumalia, domino Waltero domino de Oghen militibus...”[1432]. “Wathi de Warfusée seigneur de Moumale, Gontier Conrard de Berlo, chevaliers...” signed the peace agreement to end the war in Liège, undated but maybe dated to [1335][1433]. m firstly --- de Chantemerle, daughter of LAMBERT de Chantemerle & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt names “une le filhe mons. Lambert de Chantemierle chevalier, quy fut peire a mons. Rasson, mons. Istasse et Iohan de Chantemierlet” as the first wife of “mons. Waltier de Momale freres germain de...mons. Rasses alle petitte boke”[1434]. m secondly as her second husband, --- Chabot, widow of --- Seigneur de Guigoven, daughter of JACQUES Chabot & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records the second marriage of “mons. Waltier de Momale freres germain de...mons. Rasses alle petitte boke” and “on veve et done Weve...delle vielhe dame de Gudeghoven...filhe saingnor Iacque Chabot de Noevis esquevin et citain de Liege”[1435]. Gauthier & his first wife had one child:

a) ALIDE de Warfusée (-25 Mar 1330). Jacques de Hemricourt names “une filhe mariée a mons. Ernut de Corswareme” as the heiress of “mons. Waltier de Momale freres germain de...mons. Rasses alle petitte boke” and daughter of his first marriage, adding in a later passage that her husband was “fis delle sereure la vielhe dame de Ghudeghoven...apres ce femme al dit saingnor de Momale” and that their children were “un fil [...mess. Ernus de Corswareme com ses peires...sires de Nyle...seigneur de Moumale...[quy épouza] filhe de mons. Thiry d’Argenteal saingnor Denetines en Condroz frere al...mons. Renart saingnor d’Argenteal] et une filhe...mariée a mons. Franke de Kersbeyke manant a Tinlement et morit sains hoirs”, and names their descendants[1436]. Heiress of Momale. m ARNAUD [III] Seigneur de Corswarem, son of --- (-25 Apr 1338).

Gauthier & his second wife had one child:

b) --- de Warfusée . Jacques de Hemricourt records the marriage in 1335 of “mons. Istasse fil de...mons. Thiri de Haneffe saingnon de Seraing le Casteal” and “delle filhe mons. Waltier de Momale freres germain de...mons. Rasses alle petitte boke” as part of the peace settlement to end the war between “cheaz d’Awans et de Warous”, on condition her uncle granted her “sa...terre de Warfezées et de Herypont”, adding that Eustache died soon afterwards leaving three children “Thiris quy puis fut sires de Seraing et de Warfesees et assi de Walhain de part madame sa femme, Waltier et Istasses...andois chevaliers et morirent mult jovenes sains hoirs”[1437]. m (1335) EUSTACHE de Haneffe, son of THIERRY de Haneffe Seigneur de Seraing-le-Château & his wife ---. He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Seraing-le-Château.

3. GUILLAUME de Warfusée dit de Pépenge . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Wathi de Momale...Wilhelme de Pepenge, Robier de Thilirs, Iohans de Warfezées dis ly Rosjeaz, Gerars et sires Ottes cannones de Soingnies en Haynau” as the younger sons of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his wife “une...filhe de saingnor de Virve”[1438]. m --- de Berlo, daughter of FASTRE de Berlo & his wife Agnes de Blehen. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Wilhelme de Pepenge” married “alle filhe Fastreit de Bierlouz engenrée en dame Agnes quy fut sereur a mons. Piere de Blehen...”[1439]. Guillaume & his wife had children:

a) RASSO . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasses, Iohans, Wilhelme et Fastreit, ly queis Iohans et Wilhelme sont morts sains hoirs” as the sons of “Wilhelme de Pepenge” and his wife, adding that Rasso “est marieis a Saintron sen sont ly hoirs”[1440].

b) JEAN . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasses, Iohans, Wilhelme et Fastreit, ly queis Iohans et Wilhelme sont morts sains hoirs” as the sons of “Wilhelme de Pepenge” and his wife[1441].

c) GUILLAUME . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasses, Iohans, Wilhelme et Fastreit, ly queis Iohans et Wilhelme sont morts sains hoirs” as the sons of “Wilhelme de Pepenge” and his wife[1442].

d) FASTRE . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasses, Iohans, Wilhelme et Fastreit, ly queis Iohans et Wilhelme sont morts sains hoirs” as the sons of “Wilhelme de Pepenge” and his wife[1443].

e) daughter . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Wilhelme de Pepenge” and his wife had four daughters, of whom “une fut mariée a mons. Gilhe delle Tour de Hanut...atre...mariée a Ameyle de Mobiens...ly tirce...Iohanne est canonesse de Mostiers sor Sambre et ly quatre fut canonesse la meisme et soy mariat ultre le greit de ses amis a Iohan Hoxien de Blarey”[1444]. m GILLE de la Tour de Hanut, son of ---.

f) daughter . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Wilhelme de Pepenge” and his wife had four daughters, of whom “une fut mariée a mons. Gilhe delle Tour de Hanut...atre...mariée a Ameyle de Mobiens...ly tirce...Iohanne est canonesse de Mostiers sor Sambre et ly quatre fut canonesse la meisme et soy mariat ultre le greit de ses amis a Iohan Hoxien de Blarey”[1445]. m AMEL de Mouhin, son of ---.

g) daughter . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Wilhelme de Pepenge” and his wife had four daughters, of whom “une fut mariée a mons. Gilhe delle Tour de Hanut...atre...mariée a Ameyle de Mobiens...ly tirce...Iohanne est canonesse de Mostiers sor Sambre et ly quatre fut canonesse la meisme et soy mariat ultre le greit de ses amis a Iohan Hoxien de Blarey”[1446]. Canoness at Moustier sur Sambre.

h) daughter . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Wilhelme de Pepenge” and his wife had four daughters, of whom “une fut mariée a mons. Gilhe delle Tour de Hanut...atre...mariée a Ameyle de Mobiens...ly tirce...Iohanne est canonesse de Mostiers sor Sambre et ly quatre fut canonesse la meisme et soy mariat ultre le greit de ses amis a Iohan Hoxien de Blarey”[1447]. m JEAN Hoxien de Blaret, son of ---.

4. ROBERT de Thilice . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Wathi de Momale...Wilhelme de Pepenge, Robier de Thilirs, Iohans de Warfezées dis ly Rosjeaz, Gerars et sires Ottes cannones de Soingnies en Haynau” as the younger sons of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his wife “une...filhe de saingnor de Virve”[1448]. m ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Robiers de Thiliers” married “en Haynau asseis prez de Nivelles”[1449]. Robert & his wife had children:

a) son . m ---. Two children:

i) ROBERT . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Robiers de Thiliers” and his wife had “plusieurs enfans” and names [their grandchildren] “Robiers maintenant vivans est issu d’elle ainsneit et a femme la filhe mons. Gierlax de Bolan saingnor de Roley et...un atre frere…Dan Gerar…moynes de Saint Loren”[1450]. m --- de Boulant, daughter of GERLACH de Boulant Seigneur de Roley & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Robiers de Thiliers” and his wife had “plusieurs enfans” and names [their grandchildren] “Robiers maintenant vivans est issu d’elle ainsneit et a femme la filhe mons. Gierlax de Bolan saingnor de Roley”[1451].

ii) GERARD . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Robiers de Thiliers” and his wife had “plusieurs enfans” and names [their grandchildren] “Robiers maintenant vivans est issu d’elle ainsneit...et...un atre frere…Dan Gerar…moynes de Saint Loren”[1452]. Monk at Liège Saint-Laurent.

b) children . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Robiers de Thiliers” and his wife had “plusieurs enfans”[1453].

5. JEAN de Warfusée dit le Rousseau (-killed in battle Dommartin 1325). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Wathi de Momale...Wilhelme de Pepenge, Robier de Thilirs, Iohans de Warfezées dis ly Rosjeaz, Gerars et sires Ottes cannones de Soingnies en Haynau” as the younger sons of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his wife “une...filhe de saingnor de Virve”[1454]. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Iohan de Warfezee...et Gerars ses freres” died “alle batailhe de Domartien”[1455]. m IVETTE de Jemeppe, daughter of NICOLAS de Jemeppe-sur-Meuse dit de Boumale & his wife --- (-10 May 1357, bur Jemeppe-sur-Meuse). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Iohans de Werfuzées dis ly Rosseaz” married “Iuwette filhe Colay de Iemeppe sor Mouze autrement de Bomale”[1456]. Jean & his wife had two children:

a) RASSO de Warfusée de Jemeppe (-[1366/67]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “mess. Rasses de Iemeppe [...marissaz delle evesqueit de Liege] et sa sereure Damoyss. Aely femme Houwet de Bassines viskant a present” as the children of “Iohans de Werfuzées dis ly Rosseaz” and his wife[1457]. Maréchal of the bishopric of Liège 1365/66[1458]. m firstly MARGUERITE Moreau, daughter of JEAN Moreau de Horion & his wife Mabille de Velroux (-after 1337). m secondly CATHERINE Obert, daughter of JEAN Obert de Huy dit de Fanchon & his wife --- (-after 24 Oct 1373). Rasso had one daughter by each marriage[1459].

b) ALIX de Warfusée de Jemeppe . Jacques de Hemricourt names “mess. Rasses de Iemeppe [...marissaz delle evesqueit de Liege] et sa sereure Damoyss. Aely femme Houwet de Bassines viskant a present” as the children of “Iohans de Werfuzées dis ly Rosseaz” and his wife, adding that Alix died childless[1460]. m HUGUES de Bassines, son of ---.

6. GERARD (-killed in battle Dommartin 1325). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Wathi de Momale...Wilhelme de Pepenge, Robier de Thilirs, Iohans de Warfezées dis ly Rosjeaz, Gerars et sires Ottes cannones de Soingnies en Haynau” as the younger sons of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his wife “une...filhe de saingnor de Virve”[1461]. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Iohan de Warfezee...et Gerars ses freres” died “alle batailhe de Domartien”, Gérard dying childless[1462].

7. OTTON . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Wathi de Momale...Wilhelme de Pepenge, Robier de Thilirs, Iohans de Warfezées dis ly Rosjeaz, Gerars et sires Ottes cannones de Soingnies en Haynau” as the younger sons of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his wife “une...filhe de saingnor de Virve”[1463]. Canon at Sougnies.

8. ISABELLE de Warfusée . Jacques de Hemricourt names “dame Isabeal femme Monss. Iohan siangnor de Langdris...Maha nonne delle Vauz Nostre Dame et...Maroie...femme a Renart saingnor d’Abees escuwiers” as the daughters of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his wife “une...filhe de saingnor de Virve”, adding in a later passage that her husband died “alle batailhe de Domartien”, as well as giving his parents’ names and details of the couple’s five sons and daughter with details of their descendants[1464]. m JEAN Seigneur de Langdris, son of JEAN Seigneur de Langdris & his wife --- des Canges (-killed in battle Dommartin 1325).

9. MATHILDE de Warfusée . Jacques de Hemricourt names “dame Isabeal femme Monss. Iohan siangnor de Langdris...Maha nonne delle Vauz Nostre Dame et...Maroie...femme a Renart saingnor d’Abees escuwiers” as the daughters of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his wife “une...filhe de saingnor de Virve”[1465]. Nun at Val Notre-Dame.

10. MARIE de Warfusée . Jacques de Hemricourt names “dame Isabeal femme Monss. Iohan siangnor de Langdris...Maha nonne delle Vauz Nostre Dame et...Maroie...femme a Renart saingnor d’Abees escuwiers” as the daughters of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his wife “une...filhe de saingnor de Virve”, in a later passage naming his father, the couple’s six children, and providing details of their descendants[1466]. m RENARD Seigneur d’Abée, son of LAMBERT Seigneur d’Abée & his wife ---.

Raso [III] & his third wife had ten children:

11. RASO . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasson saingor de Warous, Wilhelme de Warous, Libier de Moge, Waltier de Moge” as the sons of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his third wife[1467]. Seigneur de Waroux. m ---, daughter of --- Avoué d’Amaing & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Raso” married “la filhe de Voweit Damaing”, and provides details of the couple’s eight children and their descendants[1468].

12. GUILLAUME de Warfusée de Waroux . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasson saingor de Warous, Wilhelme de Warous, Libier de Moge, Waltier de Moge” as the sons of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his third wife[1469]. m --- de Hologne, daughter of BAUDOUIN de Hologne & --- de Velroux. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Wilhelme de Warous” married “la filhe de...escuwier Badewin de Holongne jadit escquevin de Liege” who married “une des onze filles de Velroux”, and provides details of the couple’s eight children and their descendants[1470].

13. LIBERT de Warfusée de Moge dit de Sefawes . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasson saingor de Warous, Wilhelme de Warous, Libier de Moge, Waltier de Moge” as the sons of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his third wife[1471]. m --- de la Neufville, son of GILLE de la Neufville & his wife --- Marteau. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Libert” married “alle filhe Gilchon delle Noewilhe quy out a femme la sereur Iohan Marteal Mirmonte saingnor delle Noevilhe en Condros”, and provides details of the couple’s four children and their descendants[1472].

14. GAUTHIER . Jacques de Hemricourt names “Rasson saingor de Warous, Wilhelme de Warous, Libier de Moge, Waltier de Moge” as the sons of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his third wife[1473].

15. daughter . Jacques de Hemricourt names “le femme Iohan saingnor de Lamines, une atre...femme Alexandre delle Tour de Wandres, une atre...Damoiss. Oede...femme Iohans de Mes le Hallier de Liege, Dame Marie nonne delle Vauz Nostre Dame, une atre nonain alle Paix Dieu et une atre nonnain à Saint Victeur delets Huy” as the daughters of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his third wife, providing details of the descendants of Jean de Lamine and his wife in a later passage[1474]. m JEAN Seigneur de Lamine, son of ---.

16. daughter . Jacques de Hemricourt names “le femme Iohan saingnor de Lamines, une atre...femme Alexandre delle Tour de Wandres, une atre...Damoiss. Oede...femme Iohans de Mes le Hallier de Liege, Dame Marie nonne delle Vauz Nostre Dame, une atre nonain alle Paix Dieu et une atre nonnain à Saint Victeur delets Huy” as the daughters of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his third wife, providing details of the children of Alexandre de la Tour in a later passage[1475]. m ALEXANDRE de la Tour de Wandre, son of ---.

17. daughter . Jacques de Hemricourt names “le femme Iohan saingnor de Lamines, une atre...femme Alexandre delle Tour de Wandres, une atre...Damoiss. Oede...femme Iohans de Mes le Hallier de Liege, Dame Marie nonne delle Vauz Nostre Dame, une atre nonain alle Paix Dieu et une atre nonnain à Saint Victeur delets Huy” as the daughters of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his third wife, providing details of the children of Jean de Metz in a later passage[1476]. m JEAN de Metz, son of ---.

18. daughter . Jacques de Hemricourt names “le femme Iohan saingnor de Lamines, une atre...femme Alexandre delle Tour de Wandres, une atre...Damoiss. Oede...femme Iohans de Mes le Hallier de Liege, Dame Marie nonne delle Vauz Nostre Dame, une atre nonain alle Paix Dieu et une atre nonnain à Saint Victeur delets Huy” as the daughters of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his third wife[1477]. Nun at Val Notre-Dame.

19. daughter . Jacques de Hemricourt names “le femme Iohan saingnor de Lamines, une atre...femme Alexandre delle Tour de Wandres, une atre...Damoiss. Oede...femme Iohans de Mes le Hallier de Liege, Dame Marie nonne delle Vauz Nostre Dame, une atre nonain alle Paix Dieu et une atre nonnain à Saint Victeur delets Huy” as the daughters of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his third wife[1478]. Nun at la Paix-Dieu.

20. daughter . Jacques de Hemricourt names “le femme Iohan saingnor de Lamines, une atre...femme Alexandre delle Tour de Wandres, une atre...Damoiss. Oede...femme Iohans de Mes le Hallier de Liege, Dame Marie nonne delle Vauz Nostre Dame, une atre nonain alle Paix Dieu et une atre nonnain à Saint Victeur delets Huy” as the daughters of “mess. Rasses ly tiers de ce nom” and his third wife[1479]. Nun at Huy Saint-Victor.

Chapter 9. LIEGE

The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Liugas, quod de ista parte est…" to King Ludwig, and "…comitatum…Liugas, quod de ista parte est Mosæ et pertinet ad Veosatum…" to King Charles[1480], demonstrating that the county of Liège straddled both banks of the river Meuse. It is likely that the county formed part of the territories of Reginar [I] Comte de Hainaut, which were confiscated by Emperor Arnulf in 898 and granted to Comte Sieghard. The county was probably part of the lands restored to Reginar's son Giselbert (later duke of Lotharingia) in the early 920s. Vanderkindere suggests that it was granted to his vassal Immo after duke Giselbert's death[1481]. The later history of the county of Liège is unclear. However, it is apparent that the county soon lost its authority to the bishops of Liège and to the abbots of Stavelot.

A. COMTES de LIEGE (LUIHGAU)

1. SIEGHARD (-after 915). Comte de Liège. Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany confirmed the property of Stift Kievermunt, including "in pago Leuchia in comitatu Sigarhardi in villa…Uuandria", at the request of "Gebehardus comes", by charter dated 9 Oct 902[1482]. Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany confirmed the church of Liège's holding of the abbey of Lobbes "in pago ac in comitatu Hainuense" in the presence of "comes…Sigohardus", by charter dated 18 Jan 908[1483]. The date when Sieghard was installed as Comte de Hainaut is uncertain but it probably occurred after 898 when Regino records that Comte Reginar [I] was deprived of his lands by Zwentibold King of Lotharingia[1484]. It is assumed that Sieghard retained at least part of the county after Reginar was rehabilitated by King Ludwig IV, but the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified. A charter dated 25 Aug 915 records a donation "ad Tectis villam...in pago Luviensi atque in comitatu Sichardi" to Liège Saint-Lambert[1485].

1. EMMO [II] [Immo] (-[11 Jun 958/17 Jan 966]). Vanderkindere suggests that the county of Liège was granted to his vassal Immo after duke Giselbert's death in 939[1486]. [Comte de Liège]. Widukind names "comitem…Immonem" as a vassal of Giselbert Duke of Lotharingia[1487]. "Otto…rex" granted property to "cuidam fideli nostro Rabangar" at the request of "Ymmonis…comitis" by charter dated 15 May 945[1488]. "Otto…rex" granted property confiscated from "Ymmo in villa Castra et in pago Darnegouue ac in comitatu Rotberti comitis", at the request of "Godefridi comitis", to "fideli nostro Tietboldo" by charter dated 11 Jun 958[1489]. The precise nature and extent of Emmo's revolt is not known. However, the appointment of associate-dukes of Lotharingia by Bruno, Archbishop of Köln and Duke of Lotharingia, followed shortly afterwards. This suggests that the rebellion may have been extensive and required considerable force to suppress. "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "curtem Galmina [Jamine]…que quondam Rudolfi erat…in pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen in exchange for property "in pago Liuhgouui in comitatu Richarii…in pago Auvlgowi in comitatu Eberhardi, Limberge…" by charter dated 17 Jan 966[1490]. m ---. The name of Emmo's wife is not known. Graf Emmo & his wife had one child:

a) daughter . Widukind records that "Immo" offered "unicam filiam" to "Ansfrid" as a means of capturing the latter[1491]. The chronology suggests that this may refer to Ansfrid [II], although the wording of this passage suggests that the marriage proposal was a ruse and that the marriage itself never took place. Another possibility is suggested by Vanderkindere, who suggests that the daughter of Emmo married Rudolf, son of Nibelung, to explain the transmission of the name “Immo/Emmo” into the Looz family[1492], and indicates that Rudolf and this supposed wife were parents of Giselbert Comte de Looz and his two brothers[1493]. While this cannot be the only explanation for the introduction of “Immo/Emmo” into the Looz family, Vanderkindere does also cite the charter dated 1078 under which "Ermengardis comitissa" donated property among which "…allodium…apud Gelmines [Jamine]..." to the church of Saint-Barthélemy de Liège[1494], the same property which had been granted to her father Comte Emmo, and suggests that the donor was somehow connected with the same family. As highlighted by Lancaster[1495], the main problem with Vanderkindere’s suggestion is that Otto was recorded as the father of Baldric [II] Bishop of Liège, which indicates the false logic on which Vanderkindere based his argument. [m ANSFRID [II], son of --- (-after 969).] [m RUDOLF Graf, son of NIBELUNG Graf in der Betuwe & his wife --- de Louvain (-after 24 Jun 943).]

1. RICHER (-[12 Feb/15 Mar] 973). The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[1496]. Comte de Hainaut [964]. "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in loco Uillare…terram olim Godefridus bone memorie dux noster" to the convent of Saint-Ghislain (in Hainaut) at the request of "Richarius comes" by charter dated 2 Jun 965[1497]. Comte de Liège. "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen in exchange for property "in pago Liuhgouui in comitatu Richarii…in pago Auvlgowi in comitatu Eberhardi, Limberge…" by charter dated 17 Jan 966[1498]. [Emperor Otto I donated property to the monastery at Crespin, at the request of "Richizonis atque Amelrici comitum", by charter dated 12 Feb 973[1499]: is this the same person?] "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "quod eatenus Richarius comes in beneficium…habuisse" to Kloster Echternach by charter dated 15 Mar 973[1500]. Vanderkindere suggests that Richer was the same person as Richizo, basing his suggestion it seems only on the similarity of the two names[1501].

1. DIEPOLD (-after 27 Apr 1072). Comte in the county of Liège. Heinrich III King of Germany granted "in villis Harive, Vals, Apine, Falchenberch...in pago Livgowe et in comitatu Dietbaldi comitis" to "Irmingardæ...nepti nostræ", at the request of “ducum Gozelonis filiique sui Gotefredi”, by charter dated 15 Feb 1041[1502]. Heinrich III King of Germany donated property acquired from "Heinrico duce adiacens Giminiaco et Haruia in comitatu Tioboldi" to Aachen Marienstift by charter dated 8 Aug 1042[1503]. Heinrich IV King of Germany confirmed the donation by his father of property "capellam in monte Luouesberth…cum predio in villis Haruia et Vals in pago Leuua et in comitatu Tietbaldi sito" to Aachen Marienstift by charter dated 4 Mar 1059[1504]. Comte in the county of Ardenne. Heinrich IV King of Germany donated property "Herne in pago Hardvenne in comitatu…Diepoldi" to Aachen Marienstift by charter dated 27 Apr 1072[1505].

B. SEIGNEURS d’ARGENTEAU

Argenteau is located in the north-eastern outskirts of Herstal on the right bank of the Meuse, about 10 kilometres north-east of Liège. Poswick, noting the 25 Jun 1070 charter, under which Heinrich IV King of Germany confirmed the possessions of the church of Liège and which confirmed the imperial right to enter “castrum...Argentel...cum omni intrandi et exeundi libertate”, records its status as an imperial fief[1506]. Poswick provides a full description of the seigneurie d’Argenteau together with some information on certain aspects of its administration[1507].

1. HUBERT d’Argenteau (-after 1029). “Hubertus de Castro Argentello” witnessed the 1029 charter which records the foundation of the chapter of Florennes Saint-Gengoux[1508].

2. JEAN d’Argenteau (-after 1097). “Joannes de Argentel” joined with “Engelbertus et Willelmus de Sumanio [Soumagne]” in a donation to Liège Saint-Laurent, confirmed by Otbert Bishop of Liège by charter dated 1097[1509].

Any connection between Thierry de Ciney and the persons shown above has not been established. Poswick suggests that his mother Mathilde may have been related to the earlier Argenteau family, to explain her son being named “Theodericus de Argenteal”[1510].

1. THIERRY [I] de Ciney [d’Argenteau], son of GUILLAUME de Ciney & his wife Mathilde --- (-1166). He is named in the 1141/1137 charter cited above under his father. “Manassem nobilem virum de Hirge” donated property to Brogne after deciding to leave for Jerusalem by charter dated 24 Feb 1140, witnessed by “...Theodericus de Argentel, et frater eius Wilelmus de Cennaco, Cono de Han...”[1511]. “De liberis hominibus, Theodericus de Argenteal...” witnessed the charter dated 1140 under which “Gillebertus de Radekeim” [Reckheim] founded a hospital “in præfata villa”[1512]. “Comes Otto de Duras, Guillelmus Advocatus de Cinei, Theodorus de Argentel frater eius, Manasse de Hierge...” witnessed the charter dated 1141 under which Albéron Bishop of Liège confirmed the foundation of Geronsart monastery[1513]. Thierry d’Argenteau witnessed a charter dated 1166 under which Alexandre Bishop of Liège confirmed a donation to Bonne-Espérance abbey[1514].

2. RENAUD [I] d’Argenteau (-after 1190). Poswick suggests that the chronology indicates that Renaud [I] was the son of Thierry d’Argenteau[1515]: no source confirms his parentage. “...Rainardi de Argentel...” witnessed the 1 Apr 1184 charter under which Henri Comte de Namur et de Luxembourg named Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut as his heir[1516]. “...Raynardus de Argential...” witnessed the 1190 charter under which the chapter of Liège church notified that the church of Florenne had received property at Liers[1517].

Two brothers, the primary source which confirms their parentage has not been identified, although the chronology suggests that they may have been sons of Renaud [I].

1. HENRI [I] d’Argenteau (-[1235/36?]). “Lodovicus comes de Los, Theodericus de Walecurt, Henricus de Argenteal...” witnessed the 1213 charter which records an agreement between Henri Bishop of Liège and “dominum Walterum Bertolt” concerning their respective rights in Mechelen[1518]. Jean d’Outremeuse records Henri’s support in 1213 for the bishop of Liège against the duke of Brabant, who was defeated 13 Oct 1213 in the battle of Steppes with the participation of “Albert li comte de Sayne, Henri de Argenteal et son freire...”[1519]. "Theodericus de Althena, Heinricus de Archentyl, Rutgerus de Bremich milites, Godefridus de Kessenich..." witnessed the charter dated 15 May 1219 which records the sale of "villam in Wishem” to “Wilhelmo de Hurne...advocato in Wishem"[1520]. Seigneur d’Argenteau, Heer van Kessenich (de iure uxoris?, follow this hyperlink for discussion): "Heinricus...dominus de Kesnik et de Argentel" donated his rights in "nemoris in Bakenburch prope Udelenberge media pars” to the Norbertine convent at Heinsberg “Wilhelmo de Hurne...advocato in Wishem" by charter dated 2 Mar 1223 (O.S.)[1521]. “Guillaume de Mosen” sold a forest near Grandpré to Villers abbey by charter dated Jun 1224, confirmed by Philippe Marquis de Namur subject to the approval of Henri d’Argenteau, fiefholder of the forest, approved by “les suzerains Henri d’Argenteau et Renaud son fils, encore mineur” by charter dated Oct 1224, confirmed by the bishop of Liège by charter dated 16 Apr 1229[1522]. Henri I Duke of Brabant authorised “domini H. de Argentorio” to sell land “apud Hermale que a nobis habebat in feodo” to “O. celeraraio sancti Pauli Leodii” by charter dated Aug 1224[1523]. “Walrannus de Lemborg” swore allegiance to the bishop of Liège for “terre mee...in villa de Sytert [Sittard]”, naming “Henrici de Argentel et Rigaudi de Hauquis” representing the bishop in assessing a sum due, by charter dated 1 Apr 1230[1524]. Jean d’Outremeuse records Henri’s participation in a battle between Liège and Brabant in 1236[1525]: the [1235] charter cited below, in which Henri’s son is named “R. miles vir nobilis et dominus de Argenteal”, suggests that this 1236 date may not be accurate. m [firstly] ([1210?]) [MATHILDE] [de Houffalize], daughter of --- (-[before 1224?]). Poswick names “Mahaut, sœur de Henri [I] de Houffalise” as wife of Henri [I] Seigneur d’Argenteau (no source cited confirming her name), suggesting the couple married “vers 1210” (which would be consistent with the likely birth date of their son)[1526]. Her family connection is indicated by the Jul 1240 charter cited below under her son. Assuming that “nepos” in that document was used in its strict sense of nephew, Renaud’s mother was Henri’s sister. Assuming that “nepos” was used in its strict sense of nephew, Renaud’s mother was Henri’s sister. However, her marriage in [1210?] seems early if [Mathilde] was indeed Henri’s sister, especially given Henri’s own marriage “before 1231”. Alternatively, therefore, the term could have been used in an extended sense indicating a more remote family relationship, in which case Mathilde could have been Henri de Houffalize’s cousin or even related to Henri’s wife (in which case she would not have been “de Houffalize”). The family relationship is also indicated by the 12 May 1254 charter cited below: “avunculus” in its strict sense would mean maternal uncle, but numerous examples have been observed where the term was used just as flexibly as “nepos”. If her husband’s suggested second marriage is correct, [Mathilde] would have died before 1224. [m secondly (before 2 Mar 1224) --- van Kessenich, daughter of --- (-[2 Mar/Jun] 1224). This possible second marriage is one suggestion to explain why Henri [I] was named “dominus de Kesnik” in the 2 Mar 1223 (O.S.) charter cited above. Follow her hyperlink for more discussion of the question.] Henri [I] & his [first] wife had one child:

a) RENAUD [II] d’Argenteau ([1210/12?]-[23 Jun 1272/24 Apr 1281]). His birth date, estimated from his parents’ suggested marriage date, would presumably be consistent with Renaud being of age in the 25 Jun 1228 charter cited below, but being named “encore mineur” in the Oct 1224 charter cited above under his father. “Renardus, domini Henrici de Argenteal filius...ætatem habens legitimam” consented to the sale “de silva et fundo de Arch” made by “dominus Wilhelmus de Mosen vir nobilis” to Villers abbey by charter dated 25 Jun 1228[1527]. Henri d’Argenteau granted “un alleu...à Suheers” to “son fils Renaud”, who donated it to Herckenrode abbey, by charter dated Jan 1228 (O.S.)[1528]. Avoué de Ciney: a charter dated Jun 1235 records “Godefroid de Herten (Hertines) chevalier” selling “ses dîmes grosse et petite de Soheit (Sohaing)” to Val-Saint-Lambert, naming “Cautions...Renard de Argentel avoué de Chimai...”[1529]. Seigneur d’Argenteau: “R. miles vir nobilis et dominus de Argenteal” donated property to Val-Dieu by charter dated [1235][1530]. "Henricus de Huphalise" promised Henri Duke of Brabant that “Renaldus nepos meus de Argenteal” would assign to him the same amount of land “infra castellaniam de Argenteal” which he had sold to Vigner convent by charter dated Jul 1240[1531]. “Renaldus dominus de Argenteal advocatus Ceunacensis” acknowledged having no further rights to Arch forest by charter dated 12 May 1254, present “domino H. de Hufalise avunculo meo...”[1532]. A charter dated 7 Jul 1262 records the chapter of Saint-Lambert ceding “terre...inter villam de Richele et villam...de Vizeto” to “domino Renaldo de Argenteal militi”, who in turn enfeoffed “Robino de Vizeto fratri villici nostri Ludenelli”[1533]. “Renaud d’Argenteau” received a payment from the abbey of Saint-Feuillen au Rœulx which was paid “à son fils Gauthier” by charter dated 1266[1534]. Henri Bishop of Liège guaranteed the renunciation of his rights “in territorio quam in villa...Crux in Hanonia” in favour of Saint-Feuillen au Rœulx by “Renaldus miles dominus de Argential...vivente uxore sua Joya”, with the consent of “Theodericus miles, Henricus et Walterus, clerici, fratres de Argential, filii dicti Renaldi”, by charter dated May 1267[1535]. “Renaldus dominus de Argenteal miles et nobilis mulier Joja eius uxor” granted “omnia bona allodialia...in territorio de Timion” to “filio nostro Henrico clerico” by charter dated 21 May 1269[1536]. Other charters dated 23 Jun 1272 relating to the same property name “Renaldum dominum de Argenteal militem et...Jojam eius uxorem”[1537]. Renaud presumably died before the 24 Apr 1281 charter of his two sons cited below. m JOIE, daughter of --- (-after 23 Jun 1272). Henri Bishop of Liège guaranteed the renunciation of certain rights in favour of Saint-Feuillen au Rœulx by “Renaldus miles dominus de Argential...vivente uxore sua Joya”, with the consent of “Theodericus miles, Henricus et Walterus, clerici, fratres de Argential, filii dicti Renaldi”, by charter dated May 1267[1538]. “Renaldus dominus de Argenteal miles et nobilis mulier Joja eius uxor” granted “omnia bona allodialia...in territorio de Timion” to “filio nostro Henrico clerico” by charter dated 21 May 1269[1539]. Other charters dated 23 Jun 1272 relating to the same property name “Renaldum dominum de Argenteal militem et...Jojam eius uxorem”[1540]. Renaud [II] & his wife had three children (none of the documents cited above guarantee that Joie was the mother of the following children; indeed, the absence of her name among Renaud’s known descendants suggests that she was not):

i) THIERRY [II] d’Argenteau (-[24 Apr 1281/5 Mar 1288]). Henri Bishop of Liège guaranteed the renunciation of certain rights in favour of Saint-Feuillen au Rœulx by “Renaldus miles dominus de Argential...vivente uxore sua Joya”, with the consent of “Theodericus miles, Henricus et Walterus, clerici, fratres de Argential, filii dicti Renaldi”, by charter dated May 1267[1541]. Seigneur d’Argenteau.

- see below.

ii) HENRI d’Argenteau (-after 1300). Henri Bishop of Liège guaranteed the renunciation of certain rights in favour of Saint-Feuillen au Rœulx by “Renaldus miles dominus de Argential...vivente uxore sua Joya”, with the consent of “Theodericus miles, Henricus et Walterus, clerici, fratres de Argential, filii dicti Renaldi”, by charter dated May 1267[1542]. “Renaldus dominus de Argenteal miles et nobilis mulier Joja eius uxor” granted “omnia bona allodialia...in territorio de Timion” to “filio nostro Henrico clerico” by charter dated 21 May 1269[1543]. Canon at Liège Saint-Denis. Poswick cites other charters dated 1281, 13 May 1294, and 1330 in which Henri was named[1544].

iii) GAUTHIER d’Argenteau (-after 1268). “Renaud d’Argenteau” received a payment from the abbey of Saint-Feuillen au Rœulx which was paid “à son fils Gauthier” by charter dated 1266[1545]. Henri Bishop of Liège guaranteed the renunciation of certain rights in favour of Saint-Feuillen au Rœulx by “Renaldus miles dominus de Argential...vivente uxore sua Joya”, with the consent of “Theodericus miles, Henricus et Walterus, clerici, fratres de Argential, filii dicti Renaldi”, by charter dated May 1267[1546]. Poswick cites two charters dated 1268 in which Gauthier was named[1547]. Canon at Köln St Georg[1548].

2. --- d’Argenteau (-after 13 Oct 1213). He fought with his brother at the battle of Steppes, as reported by Jean d’Outremeuse (cited above).

THIERRY [II] d’Argenteau, son of RENAUD [II] Seigneur d’Argenteau & his wife [Joie ---] (-[24 Apr 1281/5 Mar 1288]). Henri Bishop of Liège guaranteed the renunciation of certain rights in favour of Saint-Feuillen au Rœulx by “Renaldus miles dominus de Argential...vivente uxore sua Joya”, with the consent of “Theodericus miles, Henricus et Walterus, clerici, fratres de Argential, filii dicti Renaldi”, by charter dated May 1267[1549]. Seigneur d’Argenteau. A charter dated 24 Apr 1281 records that “Theodericus miles de Argenteal...et Henricus clericus eius frater” donated “advocatiam ville et banni de Cennaco” to Jean Bishop of Liège[1550]. Thierry presumably died before the 5 Mar 1288 charter cited below under his son.

m --- de Haneffe, daughter of EUSTACHE [I] Seigneur de Haneffe dit “le Vieux Persant de Haneffe” & his wife --- de Jauche. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Istasses ly viez Persans de Haneffe” and his wife had five daughters, of whom “...ly seconde al saingnor d’Argenteal...”, giving details of their descendants in a later passage[1551].

Thierry [II] & his wife had two children:

1. RENAUD [III] d’Argenteau (-[23 Apr 1325/18 Nov 1327]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Mess: Renars” as son of “[ly] saingnor d’Argenteal” and his wife[1552]. Seigneur d’Argenteau. Avoué de Ciney. Poswick cites sources dated 5 Mar 1288, 1312, 23 Jun 1312, 22 Apr 1314, 18 Jun 1316, 10 Jul 1322, and 23 Apr 1325 in which he was named[1553]. Poswick records a document dated 18 Nov 1327 which his son Renaud [IV] being confirmed in property from the succession of his father[1554]. m --- de Visé, daughter of RENIER de Dommartin Seigneur de Visé & his wife ---. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Mess: Renars”, son of “[ly] saingnor d’Argenteal” & his wife, married “alle filhe Monss: Renier de Viseit”[1555]. Renaud [III] & his wife had four children:

a) RENAUD [IV] d’Argenteau (-[1356/58]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Mess. Renars nommeis ly bon et ly wailhans Sires d’Argenteal quy weriat a cheaz de Liege quy abatirent sa fortreche...” as older son of Renaud [III] and his wife[1556].

- see below.

b) THIERRY d’Argenteau (-after 1356). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Mess. Thiris Sires Dennetines...” as younger son of Renaud [III] and his wife[1557]. Seigneur d’Emptinne [en Condroz]. Poswick cites sources dated 1335 and 1356 in which he was named[1558]. m JEANNE de Ghoor, daughter of --- Seigneur de Ghoor & his wife --- de Fexhe. Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Mess. Thiris Sires Dennetines...” married “alle filhe de Saingnor de Ghore engenrée en la sereur de bon Monss. Henry de Fexhe”[1559]. Thierry & his wife had two children:

i) RENAUD d’Argenteau (-18 Oct 1360, bur Liège Franciscans). Jacques de Hemricourt names “Mess. Renars Sires d’Ennetines” as the son of “Mess. Thiris Sires Dennetines...” and his wife[1560]. Seigneur d’Emptinne. An epitaph (no longer existing) at Liège Franciscans recorded the burial of “Renars de Argenteal, Chevalier Sires de Emptinnes” who died 18 Oct 1360[1561].

ii) [CATHERINE] d’Argenteau ). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “mess. Ernus de Corwareme” married “[alle] filhe de monss. Thiry d’Argenteal saingnor Denetines en Condroz frere al bon monss. Renart saingnor d’Argenteal quy werriat a chiaz de Liege”[1562], in a later passage recording “une vailhante Dame mariée à Monss. Ernut de Corwaremme Saingnor de Nyle quy acquit la Saingnorie de Momalle...” as the daughter of “Mess. Thiris Sires Dennetines...” and his wife[1563]. Ernst names her Catherine (no source cited)[1564]. m ARNAUD [IV] de Corswarem Seigneur de Niel, son of ARNAUD [III] Seigneur de Corswarem & his wife Alide de Warfusée.

c) [CATHERINE] d’Argenteau . Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Pietre de Broul le tir fil Monss. Lambert de Fexhe et del sereur Monss. Renart d’Argenteal...sa femme” had “dois fil et une filhe...Monss. Lambert Franbax Chevalier, et Rayvelkien de Brouk, quy andois sont mors sains hoirs...et...une sereur mariée a Ays...”[1565]. Ernst names her Catherine (no source cited)[1566]. m PIERRE de Fexhe dit de Brouck, son of LAMBERT de Fexhe & his wife ---.

d) --- d’Argenteau . Jacques de Hemricourt names “une filhe mariée alle Saingnor de Rode en la terre de Falcomont” as the daughter of Renaud [III] and his wife, and their son “Mess. Winans de Rode...”[1567]. m --- de Rode, son of ---.

2. --- d’Argenteau . Jacques de Hemricourt names “une filhe mariée al Saignor de Bealmont en Leiffe, dont chilh de Bealmont sont issus” as daughter of “[ly] saingnor d’Argenteal” & his wife[1568]. Bärsch/Schannat gives some information about her husband’s family “Schönberg oder Beaumont, auch in Urkunden Schönberg im Oisling genannt”[1569]. m --- Herr von Schönberg [Eiffel], son of ---.

RENAUD [IV] d’Argenteau, son of RENAUD [III] Seigneur d’Argenteau & his wife --- de Visé (-[1356/58]). Jacques de Hemricourt records “Mess: Renars, qui weriat a cheaz de Liege issit” as son of “Mess: Renars [d’Argenteal]” & his wife[1570], a later passage naming him “Mess. Renars nommeis ly bon et ly wailhans Sires d’Argenteal quy weriat a cheaz de Liege quy abatirent sa fortreche...”[1571]. Seigneur d’Argenteau. Poswick cites numerous sources dated between 8 Oct 1318 and 1356 in which he was named[1572].

m CATHERINE de Corswarem, daughter of ARNOUL de Corswarem Seigneur de Niel & his wife --- Chabot de Nouvice. Jacques de Hemricourt names “Catherine, quy fut mariée al bon Monss. Renart d’Argenteal quy werriat a cheaz de Liege” as daughter of “Ernus de Corswaremme et delle Damoyselle de Noevis”[1573].

Renaud [IV] & his wife had children:

1. RENAUD [V] d’Argenteau (-[late 1362/early 1363]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “trois fis et dois filhes...Monss. Renart qui morit sains marier, Monss. Iohan Saingnor d’Awelbonrive, Moss. Gerart Saingnor d’Argenteal...” as children of “Monss. Renart d’Argenteal quy werriat a cheaz de Liege” and his wife[1574]. Seigneur d’Argenteau. A document dated 10 Aug 1360, recording property of Liège Saint-Lambert, includes a reference to property “joindantes alle terre messire Renart d’Argenteal” donated “advocatiam ville et banni de Cennaco” to Jean Bishop of Liège[1575]. The date of his death is not known, but the succession of his brother Gérard, who is recorded as deceased 2 Nov 1363 (see below), and the death of his second brother Jean in 1362, suggest Renaud [V]’s death in [late 1362/early 1363].

2. JEAN d’Argenteau (-Syria 1362, bur Maastricht Cordeliers). Jacques de Hemricourt names “trois fis et dois filhes...Monss. Renart qui morit sains marier, Monss. Iohan Saingnor d’Awelbonrive, Moss. Gerart Saingnor d’Argenteal...” as children of “Monss. Renart d’Argenteal quy werriat a cheaz de Liege” and his wife[1576]. Seigneur de Wilhonrieu/Viljaeren[1577]. An epitaph at Maastricht Cordeliers recorded the burial of Jean who died “en Syrie l’an 1362” and of “Catherine son épouse fille de Henri Seigneur de Gronsfeld, morte en 1380”[1578]. m as her first husband, KATHARINA van Gronsfeld, daughter of HENDRIK Heer van Gronsveld & his wife Mechtild van der Heyden (-1380, bur Maastricht Cordeliers). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Mess. Iohan d’Argenteal Sire Dawelbonrive” married “al filhe Monss. Henry Saingnor de Groules Lannet”[1579]. She married secondly (before 1372) Thierry Seigneur de Welckenhausen “chevalier, prévôt de La Roche, en Ardenne”[1580]. An epitaph at Maastricht Cordeliers recorded the burial of Jean who died “en Syrie l’an 1362” and of “Catherine son épouse fille de Henri Seigneur de Gronsfeld, morte en 1380”[1581]. Jean & his wife had two children:

a) MATHILDE d’Argenteau (-after 1418). Jacques de Hemricourt names “dois filhes, dont Dame Maha ly Ainsnée fut marie a Monss. Iohan Saingnor d’Orgo et de Barce Chevalier, s’en est un jovenes fis, quy novellement at pris l’ordene de chevalerie et est nommeit Mess. Iohan d’Orgo; et quant laditte Dame Maha fut veüe elle soy remariat a Monss. Rasson Saingnore de Lamynes, s’en est une jovene filhete...” as the older child of Jean d’Argenteau Seigneur d’Awilhonrien & his wife[1582]. Poswick records documents dated 5 Feb 1381, 1391, 3 Jan 1398, 6 Aug 1416, and 1418 in which she was named[1583]. m firstly (before 5 Feb 1381) JEAN Seigneur d’Orgeo et de Barse, son of GUILLAUME Seigneur d’Orgeo et de Harduemont & his wife --- de Strée[1584] (-before 1391). m secondly RAES de Hemricourt Seigneur de Laminne et d’Oleye, son of JEAN de Hemricourt Seigneur de Laminne & his wife Mathilde de Warfusée[1585].

b) CATHERINE d’Argenteau ). Jacques de Hemricourt names “dois filhes...ly atre filhe dedit Monss. Iohan d’Argenteal est mariée a Monss. Conrar de Schoenvorst Saingnor d’Eslot...” as the younger child of Jean d’Argenteau Seigneur d’Awilhonrien & his wife[1586]. “Henrich here ind Mechtelt vander Heyden vrouwe zo Gronsselt, Diederich here ind Kathrine van Gronsselt, vrouwe zo Welchenhausen, Johan elste son zo Gronsselt, ind Frambach vanden Broecke, Ritteren” confirmed the terms of the marriage between “Kathrinen dochter was heren Johans des heren van Erkentele onse eenckelen, dochter ind nichte” and “Coenraede des heren sone van Schoenuorst” by charter dated 10 Sep 1372[1587]. m (contract 10 Sep 1372) CONRAD Mascherell van Schoonvorst Seigneur d’Elsloo, son of REINOUD Mascherell Heer van Schoonvorst & his first wife Katharina von Wildenberg (-murdered Louvain 7 Mar 1403).

3. GERARD d’Argenteau (-[late 1362/2 Nov 1363]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “trois fis et dois filhes...Monss. Renart qui morit sains marier, Monss. Iohan Saingnor d’Awelbonrive, Moss. Gerart Saingnor d’Argenteal...” as children of “Monss. Renart d’Argenteal quy werriat a cheaz de Liege” and his wife[1588]. Seigneur d’Esneux: a document dated 1 Sep 1353 records a dispute between Liège Saint-Lambert and “Gerar d’Argenteal eskuwier et saingneur delledit vilhe d’Astenoir” relating to fishing rights in the Ourthe river[1589]. Seigneur d’Argenteau. Ernst records that “Gérard succéda, on ne sait pas en quelle année, à son frère Renaud IV dans la seigneurie d’Argenteau” (no source cited)[1590]. This succession is confirmed by Jacques de Hemricourt recording “Moss. Gerart Saingnor d’Argenteal” in the passage cited above, but no other primary source has been identified in which Gérard is named as seigneur d’Argenteau. A document dated 2 Nov 1363 records that “Renard de Sept-Fawes (del Seyfaw)” requested a record of his property “entre Moge et le Seyfaw” which he had acquired from “feu Gérard d’Argenteal, seigneur d’Esneux et chevalier”, noting the purchase from “feu Gérard d’Argenteal, Madame Philippe de Houffalize sa femme”[1591]. m (contract 1358) PHILIPPOTTE de Houffalize, daughter of THIERRY de Grandpré Seigneur de Houffalize & his wife Agnès de Berlaimont Dame de la Flamengerie et de la Chapelle en Thiérache (-after Jun 1397). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Mess. Gerars Sire d’Argenteal...hardis et entreprendans ultre mesure et sains pawour” married “[ly] ainsnée fille de...Monss. Thiry Saingnor de Huffalize, de Rochy et delle Flamengerie” and had “dois enfans...Mess. Iohans Sires d’Argenteal quy at pris a femme la filhe Monss. Wilhelme de Horion le Viez, et Monss. Renars quy est Sires de Huffalize et quy s’est mariéis al filhe du Saingnor de Brandeberch et de Houbines”[1592]. The marriage contract of “Gérard d’Argenteau” and “Philippe d’Houffalize” is dated 1358[1593]. A charter dated 2 Nov 1363 names “feu Gerard d’Argenteal et Philippe de Houffalise sa femme”[1594]. Dame de Houffalize. “Phelippe dame de Huffalise, Gérard de Trebus chevalier, Béatrix sa femme” donated “des terres...au territoire de Baines, dépendant du douaire de ladite Phelippe, mère de Béatrix” to Foigny by charter dated Jun 1397[1595]. Gérard & his wife had two children:

a) JEAN d’Argenteau ([1359/61]-[1397/1409]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “dois enfans...Mess. Iohans Sires d’Argenteal...et Monss. Renars quy est Sires de Huffalize” as the children of Gérard d’Argenteau and his wife[1596]. Seigneur d’Argenteau.

- see below.

b) RENAUD [I] d’Argenteau ([1360/63]-[28 Apr 1434/1435]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “dois enfans...Mess. Iohans Sires d’Argenteal...et Monss. Renars quy est Sires de Huffalize” as the children of Gérard d’Argenteau and his wife[1597]. Seigneur de Houffalize.

- SEIGNEURS de HOUFFALIZE.

4. ALEIDE d’Argenteau . Jacques de Hemricourt names “trois fis et dois filhes...le Dame de Renneberghs femme Monss. Warnier Saingnor de Renneberghs, et le Dame de Temples femme a Monss. Waltirs delle Sasse le jovene” as children of “Monss. Renart d’Argenteal quy werriat a cheaz de Liege” and his wife, in a later passage naming the descendants “delle Dame de Rennebergh” and “del Dames de Temples”[1598]. Borman records a charter dated 11 Sep 1349 which names Renaud [IV]’s five children, naming the daughters “Aylis et Marie, cette dernière seule était mariée, à ce moment, avec messire Waltiers de la Sauz, chevaliers”[1599]. m (after 11 Sep 1349) WERNER de Mérode Seigneur de Rimbourg [Renneberg] Châtelain de Daelhem, son of GERARD de Mérode Seigneur de Rimbourg & his wife Guillemine de Mulrepas[1600].

5. MARIE d’Argenteau . Jacques de Hemricourt names “trois fis et dois filhes...le Dame de Renneberghs femme Monss. Warnier Saingnor de Renneberghs, et le Dame de Temples femme a Monss. Waltirs delle Sasse le jovene” as children of “Monss. Renart d’Argenteal quy werriat a cheaz de Liege” and his wife, in a later passage naming the descendants “delle Dame de Rennebergh” and “del Dames de Temples”[1601]. Borman records a charter dated 11 Sep 1349 which names Renaud [IV]’s five children, naming the daughters “Aylis et Marie, cette dernière seule était mariée, à ce moment, avec messire Waltiers de la Sauz, chevaliers”[1602]. m (before 11 Sep 1349) GAUTHIER de la Saule Seigneur des Temples, son of GAUTHIER de la Saule dit de Temples & his wife --- de Rouveroy[1603].

JEAN d’Argenteau, son of GERARD d’Argenteau Seigneur d’Argenteau & his wife Philippotte de Houfalize ([1359/61]-[1397/1409]). Jacques de Hemricourt names “dois enfans...Mess. Iohans Sires d’Argenteal...et Monss. Renars quy est Sires de Huffalize” as the children of Gérard d’Argenteau and his wife[1604]. Seigneur d’Argenteau. “Renauls d’Argenteaul, Sire de Houffalise, écuyer, et Jean son frère, Sire d’Argenteal, chevalier” confirmed a sale made by “Jehans, dit Rousseau de Wibren, leur bourgeois de Houffalise” by charter dated Mar 1378[1605]. “Johans sire dargenteal et dasceneur chevaliers et Renars dargenteal se freres legitime sire de Hufallieze escuier” divided the succession of their parents by charter dated 6 Apr 1383[1606]. “(Jean sire d’) et Renier d’Argenteau, sire de Houffalize, frères” received payments on account from Brabant, dated 1387[1607]. “Henne et Jacques, frères de Wych, dits Schurgin” promised “Jean seigneur d’Argenteau et à Reynard d’Argenteau, seigneur de Houffalise, frères” not to take revenge “de ce qu’ils les avaient faits prisonniers” by charter dated 14 May 1398[1608]. Poswick records other charters dated Feb 1388, 17 Oct 1390, Nov/Dec 1393, 9 Mar 1394, and 1397 in which he was named[1609].

m (Jun 1389) JEANNE de Horion, daughter of GUILLAUME de Horion & his wife --- (-after Nov 1420). Jacques de Hemricourt records that “Mess. Iohans Sires d’Argenteal”, older son of Gérard and his wife, married “la filhe Monss. Wilhelme de Horion le Viez”[1610]. Poswick dates the marriage Jun 1389 (no source cited)[1611].

Jean & his wife had three children:

1. GUILLAUME d’Argenteau (-[1459]). His parentage is confirmed by the 15 Mar 1436 charter cited below under his brother. Seigneur d’Argenteau. Poswick records documents dated between 5 Sep 1410 and 16 Mar 1458 in which he was named[1612]. m MARGUERITE de Rochefort, daughter of JEAN [III] Seigneur de Rochefort et d’Agimont & his wife Marguerite d’Autel. Poswick records her parentage and marriage (no source cited)[1613]. Guillaume & his wife had children:

a) JACQUES d’Argenteau (-[Mar] 1499). Seigneur d’Argenteau.

- SEIGNEURS d’ARGENTEAU[1614].

b) JEAN d’Argenteau (-1511, bur Esneux). Seigneur d’Esneux.

- SEIGNEURS d’ESNEUX, COMTES d’ARGENTEAU[1615].

c) GUILLAUME d’Argenteau (-21 Feb 1478, bur Huy Franciscans). Seigneur d’Ochain.

- SEIGNEURS d’OCHAIN, COMTES de MERCY-ARGENTEAU, COMTES d’ARGENTEAU et de DONGELBERG[1616].

d) WARNIER d’Argenteau (-before 1505). Seigneur de Bricquemont.

- SEIGNEURS de BRICQUEMONT[1617].

e) FRANÇOISE d’Argenteau (-1488). She is named as oldest daughter of her father in the 15 Mar 1436 charter cited below under her paternal uncle. “Jean de Malberg seigneur de Ste. Marie, Guillaume de Bollant seigneur de Roley, Jean d’Argenteau sr d’Estenet, Werner de Gronsfelt seigneur de Buychin, Guillaume de Vylers seigneur de Cappel et Frédéric van Wylre” agreed the marriage contract between “Frédéric de Brandenbourg sr de Clervaux” and “Françoise d’Argenteau, fille aînée de Guillaume seigneur d’Argenteau” by charter dated 28 Mar 1443[1618]. A charter dated 26 May 1462 records that “Jean de Fischbach et Marguerite de Bastogne sa femme” owed a certain sum to “Frédéric de Brandenburch seigneur de Clervaux et à Françoise d’Argenteau sa femme”[1619]. m (contract 28 Mar 1443) FRIEDRICH von Brandenburg Seigneur de Clervaux, son of FRIEDRICH von Brandenburg Seigneur de Clervaux & his wife Marie de Meysembourg Dame de Clervaux (-[1470/71]).

2. JEAN d’Argenteau (-[1460]). Seigneur d’Esneux [1406][1620]. “Jehan d’Argenteal, fils de feu Jean d’Argenteal, chevalier” acknowledged a debt owed to “Francheuse (Françoise), fille aînée de son frère Guillaume d’Argenteal et à Aely, fille de feu sa sœur, et de Jean de Rienchen, ses deux cousines” by charter dated 15 Mar 1436[1621]. Poswick records documents dated 28 Mar 1443, 25 Aug 1452, and 23 Jul 1457 in which he was named, suggesting that he died “vers 1460”[1622]. m as her second husband, BEATRICE de Mons, widow of SIMON le Poullain d’Oudorpe Seigneur de Julémont, daughter of PAUL Mulkin de Mons & his wife Isabelle de Fraipont. Poswick records her parentage and two marriages[1623].

3. --- d’Argenteau (-before 15 Mar 1436). She is named with her husband and daughter in the 15 Mar 1436 charter cited above. m (contract 6 Mar 1424[1624]) JEAN de Rienchen, son of ---.

Chapter 10. GRAVEN van MAASGAU (MASAU)

Both banks of the Maas valley, from Maastricht to the county of Teisterbant and as far as the county of Tettuaria on the right bank, comprised two counties, Upper and Lower Maasgau (or Masau): the division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Masau subterior…[et] Masau superior…" between the two[1625]. The document does not specify which count(s) ruled the two counties. Only two sources link Giselbert [I], named below, to a specific county: in 841 he was recorded as "comes Mansuariorum" (Maasgau?), and in 863 "Sodoia [Soye, near Namur]” was recorded as "in pago Darnau…in comitatu Giselberti". The precise extent of his comital jurisdiction is therefore uncertain.

1. GISELBERT [I], son of --- (-after 14 Jun 877, maybe after 6 Sep 885). Giselbert’s parentage is unrecorded in contemporary documents, although his close connections with the Carolingian imperial family suggest an illustrious origin. Many theories have been proposed connecting him with earlier counts, particularly with those named Giselbert and Reginar, but the number of possibilities is too numerous for useful speculation. Nithard records that, after the death of Emperor Ludwig I, “all men living between the Meuse and the Seine (“omnes inter Mosam et Sequanam”)” approached his youngest son King Charles II, who received “those who had come from the Charbonnière [la forêt Charbonnière between Sambre and Scheldt, in the present-day Belgian province of Hainaut[1626]] and the land on this side of it [=south-west of the forest[1627]] (“a Carbonariis et infra ad se venientes”)” at Quierzy [dated to 24 Aug 840[1628]], but adds that “Beyond the Charbonnière [=north-west of the forest[1629]] (“Extra vero”)…Herefrid, Gislebert, Bovo (“Herenfridus, Gislebertus, Bovo”), and the others duped by Odulf [lay abbot of Saint-Josse, département Pas-de-Calais[1630]] (“ab Odulfo decepti") disregarded their sworn fealty and defected”[1631]. Graaf [van Maasgau]: in a later passage, Nithard records that, after King Charles II arrived at Reims [Aug 841], "his uncle Hugo and Giselbert count of the Maasgau ("Huc avunculus eius nec non et Gislebertus comes Mansuariorum")…sent word that they would join Charles with other men if he should enter their territory”[1632]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Gisalbertus vassallus Karoli" abducted "filiam Hlotharii imperatoris" and married her in Aquitaine in 846[1633], and in 848 "legatos…ad…Hlotharium in Theodonis villa placitum habentem pro Gisalberto", who "eodem anno ad fidem eius venerat", meeting to agree their reconciliation[1634]. An agreement between King Charles II and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Gislebertus…"[1635]. Comte in Darnau: "Ansfridus…comes…et Hildiwardus filius meus" donated property "in pago Darnau, in marca vel villa Sodoia…super fluvium Geldiun, in comitatu Giselberti" to Lorsch by charter dated 5 Oct 863[1636]. An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II, presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travelled across the Meuse[1637]. [Emperor Karl III granted property "in pago Condruscio…Alnith" to "Gislebertus…comes…fidelis suis Teodone" by charter dated 6 Sep 885[1638]: it is uncertain whether this document refers to Giselbert [I], considering its late date. m (Aquitaine 846) --- of Lotharingia, daughter of Emperor LOTHAIRE I & his wife Ermengarde de Tours ([825/30]-). The Gesta Francorum records that "Gisalbertus, vassallus Karoli" abducted "filiam Hlotharii imperatoris" and took her to Aquitaine where they were married[1639]. The Annales Fuldenses also record that "Gisalbertus vassallus Karoli" abducted "filiam Hlotharii imperatoris" and married her in Aquitaine in 846[1640]. The Annales Mettenses date this event in 846[1641]. Settipani states that the emperor recognised the marriage in 849[1642]: 848? – see above. Rösch says that this daughter is often named Ermengarde but that there is no contemporary proof that this is correct[1643].

Two possible brothers. Most secondary sources assume that they were sons of Giselbert [I]. The chronology and the family’s later naming pattern suggest that this may be correct, but no primary source has been found which confirms their parentage.

1. REGINAR [I] "Langhals/Longneck" ([850]-Meerssen [25 Aug 915/19 Jan 916]). The Annales Hanoniæ name "Rignerius Montensis comes" (although the reference to his being “Comte de Mons” appears anachronistic) as the ally of "Francone episcopo Leodiensi" against the Vikings in 870, and in a later undated passage "Raginerus" fighting "cum Frissonibus in Walacria contra Rollonem"[1644], although it is unclear from the context whether these references are to "Raginerus dictus Longi-colli". [Comte de Hainaut].

- see below.

2. [ALBERT ([860]-after [928/36]). "Albertus" donated "villam…Aldanias…in pago Arduennense" to Stavelot by charter dated 3 Oct [932], which names "fratre meo Raginero, dux Gislebertus consanguineus meus"[1645].]

REGINAR [I] "Langhals/Longneck", son of --- ([850]-Meerssen [25 Aug 915/19 Jan 916]). [The Annales Hanoniæ name "Manicherius filius [Albonis]" (in a later passage clarified to be "Manicerius Registensis dominus") as "pater aut avunculus primi Ragineri" and "Raginerus dictus Longi-colli filius eius"[1646], which must be incorrect.] The Annales Hanoniæ name "Rignerius Montensis comes" (although the reference to his being “Comte de Mons” appears anachronistic) as the ally of "Francone episcopo Leodiensi" against the Vikings in 870, and in a later undated passage "Raginerus" fighting "cum Frissonibus in Walacria contra Rollonem"[1647], although it is unclear from the context whether these references are to "Raginerus dictus Longi-colli". Guillaume de Jumièges records that “Rollo” attacked “Walgrenses...gens barbara”, devastated “in Walgras” allied with “Alstemus rex Anglorum”, and defeated “Rainerium Longi-colli Hasbacensem et Hainaucensem ducem et Radebodum Frisiæ regionis principem” whose help “Walgris” had sought[1648]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois Fontaines also refers to "Rainerus Hainonensium comes et Hasbanii dux" fighting the Vikings, dated to 876[1649]. An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travelled across the Meuse[1650]. The date when Reginar was installed as Comte de Hainaut is uncertain but was probably during the last quarter of the 9th century. "Ragenarius comes…et coniuge mea Hersenda" confirmed the donation of revenue from "Sathanacense atque Mousense" to Saint-Dagobert de Stenay made by "Carolus…Augustus Imperiali" by charter dated to after 886[1651]. The Annales Vedastini name "Balduinus…comes et Rodulfus frater eius necnon et Ragnerus" when recording that they joined Zwentibold of Lotharingia in 895[1652]. The Breve Chronicon Epternacense names “Reinerus” as abbot of Echternach from 897 to 915[1653]. Regino records that in 898 Zwentibold King of Lotharingia banished "Reginarium ducem…sibi fidissimum et unicum consiliarium" who went with "Odacro comite et quibusdam aliis, cum mulieribus et parvulis" to "Durfos" (near "Mosa fluvius") where they were besieged[1654]. The passage appears to be the only indication that Reginar was granted the title duke. Reginar was presumably rehabilitated after King Zweintibold was murdered, as shown by the following charter. Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany confirmed an exchange of property between Kloster Stablo and "Reginarius comes" by charter dated 10 Sep 902[1655]. King Ludwig IV also confirmed an exchange of property involving "Reganarius comes" by charter dated 20 Oct 906[1656], and a donation of property "…in pago ac in comitatu Hainuense" to the church of Tongern at the request of "Kepehardus et Reginharius comites" by charter dated 18 Jan 908[1657]. "Raginarius comes" and the abbot of Stavelot granted property "in pago Hasbanio in locis Honavi, Versines et Serangio" to "quidam fidelium nostrorum Harduinus" by charter dated 911, signed by "Ragenarii comitis, Issaac comitis, Macineri comitis…"[1658]. Reginar was installed as marchio by Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks in 915. Lay-abbot of St Servatius at Maastricht before May 898, and of Stablo and Malmédy 900-902. Richer records the death of "Ragenerus vir consularis et nobilis cognomento Collo-Longus" at "apud Marsnam palatium"[1659].

m [firstly] HERSENDA, daughter of ---. "Ragenarius comes…et coniuge mea Hersenda" confirmed the donation of revenue from "Sathanacense atque Mousense" to Saint-Dagobert de Stenay made by "Carolus…Augustus Imperiali" by charter dated to after 886[1660].

m [secondly] ALBERADA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 10 Feb 968 under which her daughter-in-law "Gerberga…Francorum regina" donated "alodo…Marsnam in comitatu Masaugo" to Reims Saint-Rémy, confirmed by "comitibus Emmone et Ansfrido", for the souls of "senioris nostri piæ memoriæ Gisleberti suique…patris…et matris Rageneri et Albradæ"[1661]. The estimated birth date of her son Giselbert suggests that Alberada may have been her husband´s second wife, assuming that the charter which names his other wife Hersenda can be dated to soon after 886 (see above). Another possibility is that both documents refer to the same person, one or other having incorrectly represented her name. Maybe heiress of Hainaut[1662]. Guillaume de Jumièges describes how the wife of "Rainier au long cou" returned captured prisoners to Rollo and paid him gold, silver and all the taxes of the duchy, but does not name her[1663].

Count Reginar [I] & his [second] wife had three children:

1. GISELBERT [II] ([885/900]-drowned in the Rhine, near Andernach 2 Oct 939). Richer records that "Gisleberto eius filio" succeeded on the death of "Ragenerus vir consularis et nobilis cognomento Collo-Longus"[1664]. The Miraculæ S. Maximi names "Gisilbertus admodum iuvenis dux", in a passage dated to the early 10th century[1665]. Abbot of Stablo 915/925. On the death of Giselbert's father in [915/16], Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks refused to install Giselbert as marchio[1666]. Giselbert rebelled against King Charles III in 918 and took refuge with Heinrich Duke of Saxony (later king of Germany). Flodoard records in 920, in relation to the dispute between "Hilduinum episcopum et Richarium abbatem" relating to “episcopatu Tungrensi”, that “Gisleberto” (who at first supported the appointment of “Hilduinum” as bishop) had left “Karolo rege” and been appointed “principi” by “plurimi Lotharienses”[1667]. The Breve Chronicon Epternacense records that “Giselbertus filius eius” succeeded “Reinerus” as abbot of Echternach in 924, although the dating of this passage appears faulty[1668]. King Charles III "le Simple" restored Kloster Susteren to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 19 Jan 916 which names "fidelium nostrorum…Widricus comes palatii, Richuuinus comes, Gislebertus, Matfridus, Beringerius comites, Theodericus comes, Reinherus comes, Erleboldus"[1669]. Giselbert rebelled against King Charles III in 918, and sought help from Heinrich of Saxony (later king of Germany). He later opposed Heinrich after his accession in Germany, and maybe planned to install himself as independent ruler in Lotharingia in 920[1670]. Richer records that Giselbert was awarded the vacant properties "Traiectum, Iuppilam, Harstalium, Marsnam, Littam, Capræmontem" after he returned to favour[1671]. Widukind records that "Isilberhtum…adolescentem" was "nobili genere ac familia antiqua natus" when Heinrich I King of Germany betrothed his daughter to him, maybe dated to [925][1672]. Flodoard's Annals record that "Berengarius" captured "Giselbertum" and only freed him after receiving "filiis Ragenarii fratris ipsius Gisleberti" as hostages, after which Giselbert ravaged the lands of "Berengarii, Ragenariique fratris sui et Isaac comitis"[1673]. The king's forces under Eberhard [Konradiner] secured Lotharingia's submission to German overlordship in 925[1674]. Abbot of St Maximin at Trier 925/934. Created dux in 928 by Heinrich I King of Germany, effectively creating him GISELBERT Duke of Lotharingia. Liutprand names him "Gislebertum Lotharingorum ducem" when recording his marriage[1675]. "Gysalbertus dux rectorque S. Traiectenses ecclesie" donated property "Gulisam…in pago [Ardunensi] in comitatu Everhardi" to Trier by charter dated 928, subscribed by "Walgeri comitis, Thiedrici comitis, Cristiani comitis, Folcoldi comitis"[1676]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property to the canons of Crespin at the request of "Gisleberti ducis" by charter dated 24 Oct 931[1677]. He took part in a campaign of pillaging along the Rhine with Eberhard ex-Duke of Franconia and Heinrich, brother of Otto I King of Germany, and was drowned[1678]. Flodoard's Annals record that "Gislebertus…dux et Otho, Isaac atque Theodericus comites" offered the French crown to Louis IV "d'Outremer" King of the West Franks in 939[1679]. Regino records that "Gisalbertus" was drowned in the Rhine in 939[1680]. m ([928/929]) as her first husband, GERBERGA of Germany, daughter of HEINRICH I King of Germany & his second wife Mathilde [Immedinger] (Nordhausen [913/14]-Reims 5 May 984, bur Abbaye de Reims). Richer records the marriage of "Gisleberto eius filio [Rageneri…Collo-Longus]" and "Heinrici Saxoniæ ducis filiæ Gerbergæ"[1681]. Liutprand states that the wife of "Gislebertum Lotharingorum ducem" was "regis sororem"[1682]. As her marriage to Giselbert coincided approximately with her husband being created dux, it is assumed that the marriage was arranged as part of the terms confirming Giselbert's submission to King Heinrich. Gerberga married secondly (end 939) Louis IV "d'Outremer" King of France. Flodoard names her "Gerbergam" when recording her second marriage[1683]. Her second husband gave her the Abbey of Notre-Dame de Laon in 951, taken from his mother on her second marriage. Abbess of Notre Dame de Soissons in 959[1684]. "Gerberga…Francorum regina" donated "alodo…Marsnam in comitatu Masaugo" to Reims Saint-Rémy, confirmed by "comitibus Emmone et Ansfrido", for the souls of "senioris nostri piæ memoriæ Gisleberti suique…patris…et matris Rageneri et Albradæ", by charter dated 10 Feb 968, signed by "Arnulfi comitis…Emmonis comitis, Ansfridi comitis…"[1685]. Count Giselbert [II] & his wife had four children:

a) ALBERADE ([929/30]-). "Mathilde et Alberada" are named as daughters of "Gerberga" in the Continuator of Flodoard, which specifies that Alberade was mother of Ermentrudis but does not name Alberada's husband[1686]. Two epitaphs in the church of Saint-Rémy, Marly relate to "Ragenolde" and "Albrada", although neither refers to each other[1687]. Bouchard highlights the absence of proof that the husband of Alberade of Lotharingia was Ragenold Comte de Roucy[1688]. The parentage of the couple's children is deduced by a combined reading of the different sources which refer to them. However, none of these sources name both parents, so the marriage of Alberade and Ragenold is not without all doubt. Alberade is named in a letter to Poppo of Stablo[1689]. m RAGENOLD Comte de Roucy, son of --- (-10 May 967, bur Saint-Rémy).

b) HADUIDIS (before [934]-). The Liber Memoriales of Remiremont records a donation by "Dumnus Gislibertus dux…Dumna Girberga, Ainricus, Haduidis…", undated but dated to [934][1690], which suggests that the last two were children of the first two, although this is not without doubt. [m ---. As mentioned below, nothing is known about the possible husband of Haduidis.]

i) [GUY (-after 991). The Acta Concilii Remensis ad Sanctum Basolum (dated to 991) quotes Bruno Bishop of Langres referring to "…meumque consobrinum comitem Guidonem"[1691]. This Comte Guy has not otherwise been identified. If "consobrinus" is used in its strict sense, he must have been the son of Bishop Bruno's maternal aunt. Of these, the sister of Lothaire King of France, uterine sister of bishop Bruno's mother, was Mathilde Queen of Burgundy, who is not known to have had a son named Guy, and in any case her sons would presumably not have been referred to as "comes". Guy is not one of the known sons of Gerberga Ctss de Vermandois, the bishop's maternal aunt of the full blood, and in any case it would presumably only have been Gerberga's oldest son Héribert who would have been called "comes". This leaves only Haduidis (or an otherwise unrecorded sister) as the possible mother of Guy. If this is correct, nothing is known of her marriage.]

c) HENRI (before [934]-[943/45]). The Liber Memoriales of Remiremont records a donation by "Dumnus Gislibertus dux…Dumna Girberga, Ainricus, Haduidis…", undated but dated to [934][1692]. [Duke of Lotharingia 943]. Widukind records that "Conrado" was installed as Duke of Lotharingia after the deaths of "Oddone, Lothariorum præside, ac regis nepote Heinrico"[1693]. It is suggested that "regis nepote Heinrico" was the son of Giselbert Duke of Lotharingia, and so nephew of Otto I King of Germany. If this is correct, it appears from this passage that he was briefly installed as Duke of Lotharingia before dying soon afterwards.

d) GERBERGA ([935]-after 7 Sep 978). Settipani names her as the wife of Comte Albert, and gives her parentage, but does not cite the primary source on which this is based. A list of members of the Cathedral of Paris lists (in order) "Albertus comes, Girberga comitissa, Harbertus, Otto, Lewultus, Girbertus, Gondrada, Ricardus, Harbertus comes…", the first four individuals named apparently being Comte Albert, his wife and three sons, and the last named maybe his brother or nephew[1694]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage more precisely has not yet been identified. m ([949/54]) [as his second wife,] ALBERT [I] Comte de Vermandois, son of HERIBERT [II] Comte de Vermandois & his wife Adela [Capet] (-8 Sep 987).

2. REGINAR [II] ([885/900]-932 or after). The Annales Hanoniæ name "Raginerus" as son of "Raginerus dictus Longi-colli"[1695]. The primary source which confirms that Reginar [II] was Comte de Hainaut has not yet been identified, but this is probably correct.

a) REGINAR [III] (920-973). The Annales Hanoniæ name "Raginerus" as son of "Raginerus [filius Ragineri dicti Longi-colli]"[1696]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the possession of Kloster Süsteren by Prüm abbey by charter dated 1 Jun 949, signed by "Cuonradus dux, Herimannus dux, Hezzo comes, Godefridus comes, Rudolfus comes, Reginherus comes"[1697]. He succeeded his father as Comte de Hainaut, although the date he took control of the county is not known.

- COMTES de HAINAUT.

b) RUDOLF (-after 24 Jan 966). His parentage is confirmed by Flodoard recording, in 944, that "Hugo dux" requested "Herimann[us]…qui missus erat…" to besiege "castella Ragnarii ac Rodulfi fratrum, Ludowici regis fidelium"[1698], on the assumption that "Ragnarii" refers to Count Reginar [III] (see above). "Otto…rex" confirmed the possession of Kloster Süsteren by Prüm abbey by charter dated 1 Jun 949, signed by "Cuonradus dux, Herimannus dux, Hezzo comes, Godefridus comes, Rudolfus comes, Reginherus comes"[1699], the order of subscribers' names suggesting that Rudolf may have been considered senior to Reginar although it is not certain that this inevitably means that he was older. Graf von Maasgau: "Otto…rex" granted property "Cassallo…in pago Masalant in comitatu Ruodolfi" to "vassallo nostro Ansfrid" at the request of "nostri fidelis Conradis ducis" by charter dated 7 Oct 950[1700]. Comte de Hesbaie: "Otto…rex" granted Kloster Alden-Eyck "in pago Huste in comitatu Ruodulphi" to the bishopric of Liège by charter dated 4 Jul 952[1701]. "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed the donations to the convent of Nivelles by "Regenarius comes" of property "in pago Ardenna super fluvia Aisna in comitatu Waudricia in villa Villaro" and by "predicti Regenarii filius nomine Liechardus in pago Hasbanensi in villa Gingolonham" and by "Rodolphus comes villa Lentlo" by charter dated 24 Jan 966[1702]. The charter dated 17 Jan 966, under which "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "curtem Galmina…que quondam Rudolfi erat…n pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen[1703], describes that Rudolf's property was confiscated, presumably at the same time as his brother Reginar [III] was banished.

c) other children: COMTES de HAINAUT.

3. daughter. Flodoard's Annals refers to the wife of "Berengarius" as "sororem [Gislebertum]" but does not name her[1704]. m BERENGAR Comte de Namur, son of --- (-before 946).

Chapter 11. GRAFEN von TUBALGO

South of the river Waal, lay the county of Duffel (Dubla or Tubalgo) east of Rijkswald, in the area in which the town of Kleve later developed[1705]. The county lay north of the county of Hattuaria and subsequently formed part of the county of Kleve[1706].

1. EHRENFRIED [II], son of [EBERHARD Graf von Bonn & his wife ---] (-before 970). The Ehrenfried is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[1707] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Zülpich: a charter dated 24 Jan 942 refers to property "in pago Tulpiacense in comitatu Erinfridi comitis in villa vel marka…Merlesheim"[1708]. Graf von Bonn: a charter dated 945 refers to "in pago Bunnensi in comitatu Eremfridi comitis in villa Brunheim"[1709]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947, signed by "Heinrici fratris regis, Herimanni ducis, Cuonradi comitis, Erenfridi comitis, Gebehardi comitis, Ekkihardi comitis, Hugonis comitis"[1710]. Graf von Hattuaria: "Otto…rex" confirmed the privileges of Kloster Gandersheim including property "villa Mundulinhgeim in pago Hatteri in comitatu Erenfridi" by charter dated 4 May 947[1711]. Graf von Tubalgo: "Otto…rex" confirmed the rights of Kloster Echternach in property "in villam…Rinera in pago Tubalgouue in comitatu Irinuridi comitis" by charter dated 4 Aug 947[1712]. Graf im Ruhr-Keldachgau: a charter dated 950 refers to "locum in comitatu Eremfridi comitis Huppolderroth dictum" (Hubbeliath, east of Düsseldorf in the Keldachgau)[1713].

Chapter 12. GRAFEN von ZÜLPICH

The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…in Ribuarias comitatus quinque…" to King Ludwig[1714]. Vanderkindere identifies these five counties as Jülich, Zülpich, Eifel, Bonn and Köln[1715]. Zülpich was acquired before 1124 by the archbishopric of Köln, as shown by the charter of that date under which Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln founded a church "in castro meo episcopali…Zulpiacum", witnessed by "Paganus comes, Theodericus comes de Ara, Herimannus de Hengebach, Theodericus et frater eius Adelgerus de Gladebach…"[1716].

1. EHRENFRIED [II], son of [EBERHARD Graf von Bonn & his wife ---] (-before 970). Ehrenfried is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[1717] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Zülpich: a charter dated 24 Jan 942 refers to property "in pago Tulpiacense in comitatu Erinfridi comitis in villa vel marka…Merlesheim"[1718]. Graf von Bonn: a charter dated 2 Aug 945 refers to property "in pago Bunnensi in comitatu Eremfridi comitis in villa Brunheim"[1719]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947, signed by "Heinrici fratris regis, Herimanni ducis, Cuonradi comitis, Erenfridi comitis, Gebehardi comitis, Ekkihardi comitis, Hugonis comitis"[1720]. Graf von Hattuaria: "Otto…rex" confirmed the privileges of Kloster Gandersheim including property "villa Mundulinhgeim in pago Hatteri in comitatu Erenfridi" by charter dated 4 May 947[1721]. Graf von Tubalgo: "Otto…rex" confirmed the rights of Kloster Echternach in property "in villam…Rinera in pago Tubalgouue in comitatu Irinuridi comitis" by charter dated 4 Aug 947[1722]. Graf im Ruhr-Keldachgau: a charter dated 950 refers to "locum in comitatu Eremfridi comitis Huppolderroth dictum" (Hubbeliath, east of Düsseldorf in the Keldachgau)[1723].

Two brothers:

1. WERNER [Garnier] (-killed in battle 973). Graf von Zülpich: Bruno Archbishop of Köln confirmed an exchange of property "Baldau, quam Sigifredus comes…acquireret" for "in villa Nohas…in pago Heislensi in comitatu Tulpiaco" between the abbot of Stavelot and "comite Warnero fideli nostro...cum consensu uxoris et filiorum...suorum" by charter dated 31 Oct 953 ("regnante rege Ottone fratre nostro, anno xviii, Godefrido duce")[1724]. Comte de Hesbaye: "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen in exchange for property "in pago Liuhgouui in comitatu Richarii…in pago Auvlgowi in comitatu Eberhardi, Limberge…" by charter dated 17 Jan 966[1725]. Comte de Hainaut 973. The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[1726]. Sigebert's Chronica records that "Raginerus et Lantbertus" (sons of Reginar [III] Comte de Hainaut) returned from exile in 973 and killed "Guarnero et Rainaldo", who occupied their father's county, "apud Perronam" and besieged "super Hagnam fluvium castello Buxude"[1727]. Thietmar records that "Lantbertus, Reinherii filius…cum fratre…Reingerio" killed "Wirinharium et eius germanum Reinzonem"[1728]. m ---. Werner’s wife consented to her husband’s 31 Oct 953 charter quoted above but is not named in the document. Werner & his wife had children:

a) sons . They consented to their father’s 31 Oct 953 charter quoted above but are not named in the document.

2. RENAUD (-killed in battle Peronne 973). The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[1729]. Sigebert's Chronica records that "Raginerus et Lantbertus" (sons of Reginar [III] Comte de Hainaut) returned from exile in 973 and killed "Guarnero et Rainaldo", who occupied their father's county, "apud Perronam" and besieged "super Hagnam fluvium castello Buxude"[1730]. Thietmar records that "Lantbertus, Reinherii filius…cum fratre…Reingerio" killed "Wirinharium et eius germanum Reinzonem"[1731].

1. BRUNO von Hengebach (-25 Feb [1063/64]). Graf in Zülpich. Theoduin Bishop of Liège confirmed that “Bruno comes de Hengebach” donated “libertatis predium in Harvia” to Liège Sainte-Croix by charter dated 1063[1732]. The necrology of Siegburg records “pridie Non Jun” that “Bruno comes et uxor eius Mathilda de Erenbreitstein” donated “prædium in Gulse”[1733]. The Memorial Book of Köln St Maria records the death “V Kal Mar” of “Bruno de Hengbach” and his donation including “de decimatione ville in Dutlo”[1734]. Emperor Heinrich IV restored "predium…Prümizfelt quidam comes Bruno de Hengebach…tradidit…cum uxore sua Mathilde", taken by "comes Henricus de Lintburc", to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 3 Aug 1101[1735]. m MATHILDE [von Ehrenbreitstein], daughter of [--- Graaf van Zutphen & his wife ---] (-before 3 Aug 1101, bur Prüm St Salvator). The necrology of Siegburg records “pridie Non Jun” that “Bruno comes et uxor eius Mathilda de Erenbreitstein” donated “prædium in Gulse”[1736]. Anno Archbishop of Köln founded Siegburg abbey and listed its properties, including the donation of "Flatlena...decimationem...in Zulpiaco que in beneficio fuerat Sicconis comitis" made by "Mathilda Brunonis quondam coniuge", by charter dated to [1064][1737]. Anno Archbishop of Köln confirmed possessions of Siegburg abbey, including the donation of "Flattena...decimationem...in Zulpiaco, quæ in beneficio fuerat Sicconis comitis" made by "Mathilda Brunonis quondam coniuge", by charter dated 1064[1738]. Emperor Heinrich IV restored "predium…Prümizfelt quidam comes Bruno de Hengebach…tradidit…cum uxore sua Mathilde", taken by "comes Henricus de Lintburc", to the abbey of Prüm (where Mathilde was buried) by charter dated 3 Aug 1101[1739]. No direct indication has been found that Mathilde, wife of Bruno von Heimbach, was the sister of Ermengarde Ctss de Montaigu. However, the reference to "Prümizfelt" in the 1101 charter which names Mathilde and her husband suggests a close relationship as the same place is named in the undated charter, dated to [1040/44], under which "comitem Kadelonem [Gozelon Comte de Montaigu] et eius contectalem Irmingart" donated hereditary property "de chorte Prümizvelt"[1740]. The absence of any reference to Bruno and Ermentrude being siblings suggests that a relationship by marriage is a more likely possibility. If this is correct, one explanation is that Prümizvelt was inherited by supposed sisters Ermengarde and Mathilde from one of their parents. Indeed, if this was not the case, it is difficult to explain why his wife Mathilde would have been named in the 1101 charter with Bruno. If Ermengarde and Mathilde were sisters, it is not certain that they shared the same father: the reference to Mathilde “von Ehrenbreitstein” indeed suggests that their fathers were different.

[Three] siblings:

1. [SICCO (-after 1076). Sicco’s parentage has not been traced. The charters dated 20 Aug 1051 and 1056 quoted below suggest a close family connection with the Ezzonen Pfalzgrafen von Lothringen. Sicco’s family relationship with Eveza (see below) is confirmed by the Vita Wolfhelmi Abbatis Brunwilarensis which names “Frumoldus” and “domina Eveza...ex...comitis Sicconis...stirpe” as parents of Abbot Wolfhelm[1741], although it is not certain that Sicco was Eveza’s brother. Graf in Bonn: "Bezecha" a nun at Köln St Ursula donated property "in pago Bonnensi in comitatu Sikkonis in villa Walathorp" to her convent by charter dated 1047, signed by "Heinrici palatini comitis, Thederici comitis, Kristiani comitis, Gerhardi comitis…"[1742]. Emperor Heinrich III confirmed the foundation of Kloster Brauweiler by charter dated 18 Jul 1051 which names "Richeza regina quondam Poleniæ…pro remedio anime sue fratrisque sui beate memorie Ottonis ducis aliorumque parentum suorum in monasterio Brunwilarensi sepultorum…per manum Heinrici palatini comitis filii patrui sui" and witnessed by "Heinricus comes palatinus, Sicco comes, Starchri comes…"[1743]. Emperor Heinrich III confirmed properties of Braunweiler made by “Richeza...regina quondam” [Richenza [Ezzonen] Queen of Poland], including the donation of "VI arpennas Clottono" which was "Sicconis comitis beneficium" and “castrum suum Chuochomo” donated by “Heinrico palatini comiti filio patrui sui” [i.e. son of the patruus of Queen Richenza”] on condition of being “defensor et advocatus” of “ipsum predium Clotono” but suggesting that Sicco also claimed “advocatiam a palatino comite”, by charter dated 20 Aug 1051[1744]. “Heinrico comite palatino, Ruotgero advocato, Gerhardo comite, Gozuino, Storkero, Siccone comite” witnessed the charter dated 7 Sep 1054 under which "Richeza regina" donated property to Brauweiler[1745]. "Richeza Polonie regina" confirmed her donations to Brauweiler, including “predium meum Clotteno...per manum Henrici palatini comitis filii patrui mei” where “Sicconem et alios milites meos” also donated property, by charter dated 1056, witnessed by “Henricus comes palatinus, Sicco comes...”[1746]. Graf in Ahrgau: Emperor Heinrich IV confirmed the donation of "octo mansos in loco Sinceche...in pago Argowe in comitatu Sicconis comitis" made to Kloster Borscheid near Aachen made by his mother “Agnes imperatrix augusta” by charter dated 1064[1747]. Graf in Zülpich. Anno Archbishop of Köln confirmed possessions of Siegburg abbey, including the donation of "decimationem...in Zulpiaco, quæ in beneficio fuerat Sicconis comitis" made by "Mathilda Brunonis quondam coniuge", by charter dated 1064[1748]. "Gertrudis" donated property "in villa…Chessencih…et…in villa…Wesseno" to Deutz abbey by charter dated to [1073/75], subscribed by "Christiani comitis…Arnoldi comitis, Franconis comitis, Ruperti comitis, Sicconis comitis…"[1749]. Hildolf Archbishop of Köln confirmed various donations, including "Gulesa, Beddendorf et decimationem in Zulpiaco” held by “Siggonis comitis” and “terciam partem ecclesie in Hohenchirechon” [unclear whether this was also held by Sicco], to the abbey of Siegburg by charter dated 1076[1750].]

2. EVEZA . The Vita Wolfhelmi Abbatis Brunwilarensis names “Frumoldus” and “domina Eveza...ex...comitis Sicconis...stirpe” as parents of “Wolphelmus in Ribuarensi pago ex illustri prosapia ortus”[1751]. m FRUMOLD [I], son of ---. Frumold & his wife had four children:

a) FRUMOLD [II] . The Vita Wolfhelmi Abbatis Brunwilarensis names “Frumoldus” as “frater germanus” of Abbot Wolfhelm[1752].

b) WOLFHELM (-22 Apr 1091). The Vita Wolfhelmi Abbatis Brunwilarensis names “Frumoldus” and “domina Eveza...ex...comitis Sicconis...stirpe” as parents of “Wolphelmus in Ribuarensi pago ex illustri prosapia ortus”[1753]. Abbot of Brauweiler. The Vita Wolfhelmi Abbatis Brunwilarensis records the death “X Kal Mai...1091” of Abbot Wolfhelm[1754].

c) OSWENDA . The Vita Wolfhelmi Abbatis Brunwilarensis records that Abbot Wolfhelm had “sorores sanctimoniales duæ...una Oswenda...altera...Berta”[1755].

d) BERTA . The Vita Wolfhelmi Abbatis Brunwilarensis records that Abbot Wolfhelm had “sorores sanctimoniales duæ...una Oswenda...altera...Berta”[1756].

3. HEINRICH (-27 Aug 1066). Abbot of Köln St. Pantaleon. The Vita Wolfhelmi Abbatis Brunwilarensis records that “Henricus abbas monasterii sancti Pantaleonis”, “avunculus” of “Wolphelmus in Ribuarensi pago ex illustri prosapia ortus”, installed him at Gladbach monastery[1757]. The Annales Colonienses Maximi record the death in 1052 of “Domnus Aaron abbas” who was succeeded by “Hemericus”[1758]. The Annales Colonienses Maximi record the death in 1066 of “Domnus Hemericus abbas”[1759].

The following three individuals have not been connected with any of the earlier counts in Zülpich who are shown above. It is not known whether they exercised any administrative jurisdiction within the county. In the witness lists of the charters quoted below, they are all listed in the category of noblemen, closely following the names of counts or lords. Charters from the Lower Rhine area in the early to mid-12th century do not normally specify whether an individual nobleman was “dominus” in a particular area. However, it can be seen from the lists quoted below that many of the other nobles included can be categorised as “Herr” of their territory, particular examples being the lords of Gladbach and Hengebach. It is therefore a reasonable supposition that these three individuals linked in the documents with Zülpich were “Herren von Zülpich”. If that is correct, Zülpich provides another example in western Germany where a county ruled by counts was effectively downgraded and lost comital status. The explanation for this change of status in the case of Zülpich has not been found.

1. HERMANN von Zülpich (-after 13 Apr 1104). Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the donation of property "in Horenchusen…[et] in Dorwilere" made to Köln St Maria by "Meginherus de Randenrode cum neque uxorem neque filium haberet", in the presence of "fratre suo Hartberno", by charter dated 13 Apr 1104 witnessed by "Gerhart de Gelleron comes, Gerhart comes de Iulicho et frater eius Gerlach, Gerhart de Hochstaden, Dieterich de Mere, Heriman de Zulpico…"[1760].

2. JOHANN von Zülpich (-after 1139). Bruno [II] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the donation to Irresheim made by “Randolfum...ministerialem Walerammi ducis” by charter dated 1136, witnessed by "Heinricus comes de Kessele, Tidericus de Gladebach et Gerlacus frater eius, Tidericus de Hengebach, Iohannes de Zulpiaco, Godefridus de Comeza, Gozewinus de Hunenhoue, Eadmundus de Stameheim"[1761]. Arnold [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the donation to Camp abbey made by “Theodericus de Ulfela...” by charter dated 1138, witnessed by "Friderico comite de Hukeneswagene, Arnuldo de Betenburch, Conrado advocato, Emuntdo de Stamheim, Iohanne de Tulpeio, Conrado de Embreca, Erenberto de Megenzel, Ezelino de S. Petro, Gerardo filio Brunonis, Werinbaldo de Bemede, Godebaldo de Dolendorf"[1762]. Arnold [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the donation of “montem...iuxta Regimagum” to Siegburg by charter dated 1139, witnessed by "Adolfus advocatus, Heinricus comes de Seine, Udo de Bruch, Iohannes de Zulpiaco..."[1763].

3. GOTTFRIED von Zülpich (-after 22 Feb 1166). Reinold Archbishop of Köln confirmed that “matrona Hildegundis cometissa de Are” donated “castrum suum Mere” to the archbishopric by charter dated 22 Feb 1166, witnessed by "...Ministeriales S. Petri:...Godefridus de Zulpecho..."[1764].

[1] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, pp. 193-5.

[2] Warner, D. A. (trans.) The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (2001) (Manchester University Press), 1. 23, p. 84.

[3] Vanderkindere, A. (1902) La formation territoriale des principautés belges au moyen-âge (Brussels), Vol. II, p. 243.

[4] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 119.

[5] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, p. 195.

[6] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, pp. 119-20.

[7] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 120, citing "Miræus I, 20".

[8] D O I 318, p. 432.

[9] Chronicon Laureshamense, MGH SS XXI, p. 393.

[10] Nicholas, D. (1992) Medieval Flanders (Longman), p. 44.

[11] D H II 186, p. 221.

[12] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 109, quoting Miræus I, 41, no. 3 ex MS Catalogo Abbatum Gemblacensium.

[13] Warner, D. A. (trans.) The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (2001) (Manchester University Press), 4.31 and 4.32, pp. 174 and 175, footnote 103 stating that Ansfrid's father was a brother of Queen Mathilde but no corroboration of this has been found.

[14] Miraeus (Le Mire), A. (1723) Opera diplomatica et historica, 2nd edn. (Louvain), Tome I, XXXVII, p. 48.

[15] Chronicon Laureshamense, MGH SS XXI, p. 393.

[16] Ægidii Aurenvallenses, Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium II 40, MGH SS XXV, p. 51.

[17] Grote, H. (1877) Stammtafeln (reprint Leipzig, 1984), p. 496.

[18] Annales Colonienses 995, MGH SS I, p. 99.

[19] Thietmar 4.35, pp. 176-7.

[20] Bruch, H. (ed.) (1973) Chronologia Johannis de Beke (The Hague), 40, p. 75, available at < http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten /KroniekVanJohannesDeBekeTot1430/latijn> (31 Aug 2006).

[21] Duaci (ed.) (1624) Vincentius Bellovacensis Speculum Historiale, lib. 24, cap. 157, quoted in Chronologia Johannes de Beke 40, p. 75.

[22] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I 16, MGH SS IV, p. 708.

[23] Beka's Egmondscii Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 106.

[24] Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium, continuatio 9, MGH SS IV, p. 48.

[25] Annalista Saxo 1037.

[26] D H II 186, p. 221.

[27] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 123, citing "Heda, edit. 1643, 100; cf. S. Muller, 81".

[28] Mommsen, T. E. and Morrison, K. F. (trans.) (1962) Imperial Lives and Letters of the Eleventh Century (New York), "Wipo, On the election and consecration of Conrad II (1024)", from "The Deeds of Conrad II (Gesta Chuonradi II imperatoris)", reproduced in Hill, pp. 192-201. .

[29] Bloch, H. (ed.) ´Die älteren Urkunden des Klosters S. Vanne zu Verdun´, Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für lothringische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 10th year, 1898 (“Verdun Saint-Vanne (1898)”), XXXVII, p. 443.

[30] Bernoldi Chronicon 1044, MGH SS V, p. 425.

[31] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenbücher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und Lüneburg (Hannover), Lüneburg.

[32] D H III 152, p. 192.

[33] Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.

[34] Nicholas (1992), pp. 49-50.

[35] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, pp. 194-5.

[36] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 230.

[37] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 238.

[38] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 242.

[39] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 343.

[40] Adnuntatio domni Karoli, MGH LL 1, p. 469.

[41] Karoli II Imp. Conventus Carisiacensis, MGH LL 1, p. 537.

[42] Historia Walciodorensis monasterii 1, MGH SS XIV, p. 505.

[43] Historia Walciodorensis monasterii 1, MGH SS XIV, p. 505.

[44] Beyer, H. (ed.) (1860) Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien (Coblenz), Vol. I, (“Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch I”), 134, p. 141, consulted at <http:/www.rlb.de/mrHist/> (12 Dec 2007).

[45] D Zw 13, 39.

[46] Reginonis Chronicon 897, MGH SS I, p. 607.

[47] Reginonis Chronicon 898, MGH SS I, p. 608.

[48] Reginonis Chronicon 899, MGH SS I, p. 601.

[49] Vita Iohannis Gorziensis 55, MGH SS IV, p. 352.

[50] D Zw 27, p. 65.

[51] Gade, J. A. (1951) Luxemburg in the Middle Ages (Leiden), p. 48.

[52] D LK 17, p. 120.

[53] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 153, p. 216.

[54] Miraeus (Le Mire), A. (1723) Opera diplomatica et historica, 2nd edn. (Louvain), Tome II, II, p. 805.

[55] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 159, p. 222.

[56] Miraeus (Le Mire) (1723), Tome II, II, p. 805.

[57] Vita Iohannes Gorziensis 105, MGH SS IV, p. 367.

[58] Tabula Genealogica ex Codice Bibl. Regiæ Monacensis, MGH SS II, p. 314.

[59] D O I 210, p. 289.

[60] Poull, G. (1994) La Maison souveraine et ducale de Bar (Presses Universitaires de Nancy), p. 8.

[61] Miraeus (Le Mire) (1723), Tome II, II, p. 805.

[62] D O I 210, p. 289.

[63] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 179, p. 241.

[64] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 211, p. 271.

[65] 'Obits mémorables tirés de nécrologes luxembourgeois, rémois et messins', Revue Mabillon VI (1910-1911), p. 268.

[66] D´Herbomez, A. (ed.) (1898) Cartulaire de l´abbaye de Gorze, Mettensia II (Paris) ("Gorze"), 98, p. 181.

[67] Gorze 98, p. 181.

[68] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 179, p. 241.

[69] D O I 91, p. 173.

[70] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 179, p. 241.

[71] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 206, p. 266.

[72] Poull (1994), p. 10.

[73] ES I.2 200B.

[74] Rösch, S. (1977) Caroli Magni Progenies (Verlag Degener & Co, Neustadt an der Aisch), p. 141.

[75] Wegener, W. (1965/67) Genealogischen Tafeln zur mitteleuropäischen Geschichte (Verlag Degener), p. 73.

[76] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1024, MGH SS XXIII, p. 782.

[77] Calmet, A. (1748) Histoire de Lorraine (Nancy), Tome II, Preuves, col. cxcvi-cxcviii.

[78] Calmet (1748), Tome II, Preuves, col. ccvii.

[79] ES I.2 202.

[80] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 179, p. 241.

[81] Poull (1994), p. 9.

[82] Varin, P. (1844) Archives législatives de la ville de Reims (Paris) Seconde Partie, Statuts, Vol. I, p. 96.

[83] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 179, p. 241.

[84] D O I 216, p. 298.

[85] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 212, p. 272.

[86] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 179, p. 241.

[87] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 212, p. 272.

[88] Verdun Saint-Vanne (1898), XIV, p. 400.

[89] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 212, p. 272.

[90] Varin (1844) Statuts, Vol. I, p. 91.

[91] D O III 238, p. 655.

[92] Verdun Saint-Vanne (1898), XIV, p. 400.

[93] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 212, p. 272.

[94] Annales Remenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 82.

[95] Annales Mosomagenses, MGH SS III, p. 160.

[96] McKitterick, R. (1983) Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987 (Longman, London and New York), p. 327.

[97] Annales Mosomagenses, MGH SS III, p. 161.

[98] Varin (1844) Statuts, Vol. I, p. 65.

[99] D O III 238, p. 655.

[100] D H II 492, p. 626.

[101] D LD 141, p. 197.

[102] Halkin, J. and Roland, C. J. (eds.) (1909) Recueil des Chartes de l'abbaye de Stavelot-Malmédy, Tome I (Brussels) (“Stavelot”), 50, p. 120.

[103] D LD 141, p. 197.

[104] Stavelot 50, p. 120.

[105] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch I, 184, p. 246.

[106] Gorze 114, p. 207.

[107] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 179, p. 241.

[108] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 212, p. 272.

[109] Gerbert 58, p. 56.

[110] Gerbert 59, p. 58.

[111] Gebert 58, p. 56.

[112] Guadet, J. (ed.) (1845) Richeri Historiarum (Paris), III.CIII, p. 126.

[113] Gebert 58, p. 56.

[114] Gebert 58, p. 56.

[115] Flodoard (Continuator) 977, MGH SS III, p. 408.

[116] McKitterick (1983), p. 325.

[117] McKitterick (1983), p. 327.

[118] RHGF, Tome X, XIX, p. 591.

[119] Richer III.CIII, p. 126.

[120] D O II 280, p. 325.

[121] DD K II, p. 161.

[122] Reiffenberg, Baron de (1848) Monuments pour servir à l’histoire des provinces de Namur, de Hainaut et de Luxembourg (Brussels), Tome VIII, Antiquitas Ecclesiæ Andaginensis Sancti Petri, p. 54.

[123] Kurth, G. (ed.) (1903) Chartes de l´abbaye de Saint-Hubert en Ardenne (Brussels) ("Ardenne Saint-Hubert"), Tome I, X, p. 11.

[124] Chronicon S. Huberti Andaginensis 58, MGH SS VIII, p. 597.

[125] Reiffenberg (1848), Tome VIII, Antiquitas Ecclesiæ Andaginensis Sancti Petri, p. 54.

[126] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, X, p. 11.

[127] Genealogica comitum Buloniensium MGH SS IX, pp. 300-1.

[128] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andaginensis 77 (96), MGH SS VIII, p. 610.

[129] D H IV 398, p. 526.

[130] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 19, MGH SS XIII, pp. 255-6.

[131] Historia Andaginensis Monasterii, 110, Veterum Scriptorum, Tome IV, col. 1002.

[132] Stavelot I, 143, p. 289.

[133] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 19, MGH SS XIII, p. 256.

[134] Hermanni Monachi de miraculis S. Mariæ Laudunensis, Liber I, Cap. II, Patrologia Latina, Tome CLVI, col. 966.

[135] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 19, MGH SS XIII, p. 256.

[136] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 19, MGH SS XIII, pp. 255-6.

[137] Stavelot, Vol. I, 143, p. 289, and Veterum Scriptorum, Tome II, col. 86.

[138] Herbomez, A. d' (ed.) (1898) Chartes de l'abbaye de Saint-Martin de Tournai, Tome I (Brussels), I, p. 54.

[139] Rousseau, F. (ed.) (1936) Actes des Comtes de Namur de la Première Race 946-1196 (Brussels) ("Namur"), p. cxxviii.

[140] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 19, MGH SS XIII, pp. 255-6.

[141] Laurentii Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium Continuatio, 3, MGH SS VIII, p. 518.

[142] Annales Sancti Vitoni Virdunensis, MGH SS VIII, p. 527.

[143] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 19, MGH SS XIII, pp. 255-6.

[144] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 242.

[145] Murray, A. V. (2000) The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: a dynastic history 1099-1125 (Prosopographica & Genealogica), p. 17.

[146] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 905, MGH SS XXIII, p. 753.

[147] Genealogica comitum Buloniensium MGH SS IX, p. 301.

[148] Stavelot I, 143, p. 289.

[149] Namur, 33, p. 70.

[150] Stavelot I, 208, p. 413.

[151] Namur 7, p. 77.

[152] Stavelot I, 164, p. 534.

[153] Namur 33, p. 70.

[154] Stavelot I, 143, p. 289.

[155] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, XCI, p. 115.

[156] Stavelot I, 164, p. 534.

[157] Namur 33, p. 70.

[158] Stavelot I, 240, p. 461.

[159] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, XCI, p. 115.

[160] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1168, MGH SS XXIII, p. 853.

[161] Genealogica comitum Buloniensium MGH SS IX, p. 301.

[162] Chronicon Hanonense quod dicitur Balduini Avennensis 47, MGH SS XXV, p. 420.

[163] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 511.

[164] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1168, MGH SS XXIII, p. 853.

[165] Balduinus de Avennis Genealogia, RHGF XIII, p. 560.

[166] Chronicon Hanonense quod dicitur Balduini Avennensis 47, MGH SS XXV, p. 420.

[167] ES VII 112.

[168] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, XCI, p. 115.

[169] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 220.

[170] Roland, C. ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’, Annales de la Société Archéologique de Namur, Tome 20 (Namur, 1893), p. 68.

[171] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), pp. 63-9.

[172] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), pp. 77-81.

[173] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), pp. 82-3.

[174] Miraeus (Le Mire), A. (1723) Opera diplomatica et historica, 2nd edn. (Louvain), Tome II, Supplement, IX, p. 810.

[175] Veterum Scriptorum, Tome I, col. 412.

[176] Schoonbroodt, J. G. (1875) Inventaire analytique et chronologique des archives de l’abbaye du Val-Saint-Lambert, Lèz-Liège (Liège) (“Val-Saint-Lambert Inventaire (1875)”), Tome I, 2, p. 2.

[177] Barbier, J. ‘Documents concernant les monastères de Waulsort et d’Hastière’, Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome XVI (Louvain, Bruxelles), II, V, pp. 7, 11.

[178] Foppens, J. F. (1748) Diplomatum Belgicorum nova collectio, sive supplementum ad opera diplomatica Auberti Miræi (Brussels), Tome IV, Caput XII, p. 183.

[179] Lahaye, L. (ed.) ´Chartes de l´abbaye de Brogne´, Bulletin de la comisión royale d´histoire, Tome LXXVI (Brussels, 1907) ("Brogne"), 1, p. 665.

[180] Kupper, J. L. ‘La donation de la comtesse Ermengarde à l’église de Liège (1078)’, Bulletin de la Commission royale d’histoire, Académie royale de Belgique, Tome 179 (2013), p. 10, footnote 26.

[181] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andeginensis 18 (26), MGH SS VIII, p. 578.

[182] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), p. 89.

[183] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, XVIII, p. 19.

[184] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), p. 89.

[185] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 167.

[186] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), p. 10, footnote 29.

[187] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 168.

[188] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 324, p. 377.

[189] D H IV 471, p. 639.

[190] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), p. 7, citing Boeren, P. C. (1938) De oorsprong van Limburg en Gelre en enkele naburige heerschappijen (Maastricht-Vroenhoven), pp. 36, 65, 101-3, 106-7 and other secondary sources.

[191] See the map at Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), p. 29.

[192] Bormans, E. & Schoolmeisters, E. (1893) Cartulaire de l´église Saint-Lambert de Liège (Brussels) ("Liège Saint-Lambert"), Tome I, XXVI, p. 38.

[193] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, Pars IV, V, p. 505.

[194] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), p. 22.

[195] Poncelet, E. (1911) Inventaire analytique des chartes de la collégiale Sainte-Croix à Liège (Brussels), 7, p. 6, and 17, p. 13.

[196] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), Annexe IV, p. 42.

[197] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 167, quoting Le Glay, A. J. G. (1849) Glossaire topographique de l’ancien Cambrésis (Cambrai), p. 20.

[198] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), p. 15, footnote 44, quoting Obituaire de la collégiale de Fosses, Archives de l’Etat de Namur, Archives ecclésiastiques, Chapitre de Fosses, p. 144 n. 119.

[199] Bloch, H. (ed.) ´Die älteren Urkunden des Klosters S. Vanne zu Verdun´, Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für lothringische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 14th year, 1901 (“Verdun Saint-Vanne (1902)”), Necrology, p. 137.

[200] Reiffenberg, Baron de (1844) Monuments pour servir à l’histoire des provinces de Namur, de Hainaut et de Luxembourg (Bruxelles), Tome I, Chartrier de Namur, I, p. 125.

[201] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), p. 9, quoting Balau, S. (1903) Les sources de l’histoire de Liège au moyen âge. Etude critique (Bruxelles), pp. 237-8.

[202] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), p. 9, quoting Lambot, C. ‘Les membres du chapitre de Fosses dans le dernier quart du Xie siècle’, Annales de la Société archéologique de Namur, Tome 47 (1953-54), pp. 421-38, reprinted in Revue bénédictine, Tome 79 (1969), pp. 288-303, at 290, 295-99.

[203] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), pp. 15-16, and Annexe VI, p. 47.

[204] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 141.

[205] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), p. 19, footnote 67, and p. 23.

[206] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andeginensis 18 (26), MGH SS VIII, p. 578.

[207] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andeginensis 18 (26), MGH SS VIII, p. 578.

[208] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, Caput XII, p. 183.

[209] Brogne, 1, p. 665.

[210] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, XVIII, p. 19.

[211] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), Annexe IV, p. 42.

[212] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andeginensis 18 (26), MGH SS VIII, p. 578.

[213] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, XVIII, p. 19.

[214] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), Annexe IV, p. 42.

[215] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, XVIII, p. 19.

[216] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andeginensis 18 (26), MGH SS VIII, p. 578.

[217] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, XVIII, p. 19.

[218] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andeginensis 18 (26), MGH SS VIII, p. 578.

[219] Brogne, 1, p. 665.

[220] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, Caput XII, p. 183.

[221] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, XVIII, p. 19.

[222] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, Pars IV, V, p. 505.

[223] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), Annexe IV, p. 42.

[224] Evrard, M. (ed.) ´Documents relatifs à l´abbaye de Flône´, Analectes pour servir à l´histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome XXIII (Louvain, 1892) ("Flône"), I, p. 282.

[225] Dillo, M. & Van Synghel, G. A. M. (eds.) (2000) Oorkondonboek van Noord-Brabant tot 1312 (The Hague) (“Oorkondenboek Noord-Brabant”), II De heerlijkheden Breda en Bergen op Zoom, Eerste stuk, nr. 893, p. 29.

[226] RHC, Historiens occidentaux, Tome IV (Paris, 1879), Alberti Aquensis Historia Hierosolymitana ("Albert of Aix (RHC)"), Liber II, Cap. XI, p. 306.

[227] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber II, Cap. XXIII, p. 317.

[228] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1106, MGH SS XXIII, p. 816.

[229] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andeginensis 18 (26), MGH SS VIII, p. 578.

[230] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1106, MGH SS XXIII, p. 816.

[231] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), p. 110.

[232] Vannérus ‘Esch-sur-la-Sûre’ (1905), p. 436, footnote 1) continued on p. 436,

[233] ES VIII 35.

[234] Chibnall, M. (ed. and trans.) The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80), Book IX, p. 167, the editor in footnote 5 identifying him as Conan count of Montacute. She is not listed among the children of Eustache III Comte de Boulogne & his wife Ida of Lotharingia given in Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book IX, p. 175.

[235] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), p. 98. quoting Collégiale de Dinant, cartulaire dit Livre rouge, fol. 249, aux Archives de l’Etat à Namur.

[236] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber II, Cap. XXIII, p. 317.

[237] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber III, Cap. XXVIII and XXIX, pp. 358-9.

[238] RHC, Historiens occidentaux I, Historia Rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum ("L'estoire de Eracles Empereur et la conqueste de la terre d'Outremer"), (“WT”) IV.VII, p. 165.

[239] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), p. 98. quoting Collégiale de Dinant, cartulaire dit Livre rouge, fol. 249, aux Archives de l’Etat à Namur.

[240] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1101, MGH SS XXIII, p. 815.

[241] WT VI.XVII, p. 263.

[242] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber II, Cap. XXIII, p. 317.

[243] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber IV, Cap. XLVII, p. 422.

[244] Flône, VIII, p. 294.

[245] Halkin, J. ‘Documents concernant le prieuré de Saint-Séverin-en-Condroz, de l’ordre de Cluny’, Compte rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d’Histoire ou Recueil de ses Bulletins, Série 5, Tome IV (Bruxelles, 1894), Documents, II, p. 176.

[246] ES I.2 236.

[247] ES VII 109.

[248] Flône, XIII, p. 303.

[249] Flône, XXIII and XXV, pp. 323 and 326.

[250] Piot, C. (1870) Cartulaire de l´abbaye de Saint-Trond (Brussels), Tome I (“Saint-Trond”), LI, p. 68.

[251] ‘Documents relatifs à l’abbaye norbertine de Heylissem’, Analectes pour servir à l´histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome XXIV (Louvain, 1893) (“Heylissem”), XIV, p. 205.

[252] Heylissem, XVII, p. 210.

[253] ES VIII 25.

[254] Heylissem, XXI, p. 214.

[255] Heylissem, XXII, p. 216.

[256] Heylissem, XIV, p. 205.

[257] Heylissem, XVII, p. 210.

[258] Flône, XXXII, p. 337.

[259] Heylissem, XXII, p. 216.

[260] Miraeus (1723), Tome II, Supplement, Pars III, LXVIII, p. 1181.

[261] Heylissem, XXXI, p. 234.

[262] Heylissem, XIV, p. 205.

[263] Miraeus (1723), Tome II, Supplement, Pars III, LXVIII, p. 1181.

[264] Flône, XXXII, p. 337.

[265] Heylissem, XIV, p. 205.

[266] Miraeus (1723), Tome II, Supplement, Pars III, LXVIII, p. 1181.

[267] Flône, XXX, p. 333.

[268] Flône, XXXII, p. 337.

[269] Heylissem, XIV, p. 205.

[270] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), p. 344, footnote 1.

[271] Orjo, T. d’ ‘Les Walcourt’, Le Parchemin (Nov-Dec 2004), p. 427.

[272] ES VII 109.

[273] Heylissem, XIV, p. 205.

[274] Orjo ‘Les Walcourt’ (2004), p. 427.

[275] Compte rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d’Histoire, Tome XIII (Bruxelles, 1886), Analectes de diplomatique, série 4, XXXI, p. 191.

[276] Herimanni, Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis 34, MGH SS XIV, p. 287.

[277] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 506.

[278] D’Herbomez, A. (1895) Histoire des châtelains de Tournai de la maison de Mortagne (Tournai), Tome II, Preuves, 6, p. 7.

[279] D’Herbomez (1895), Tome II, Preuves, 10, p. 13.

[280] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, CXIV, p. 717.

[281] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), p. 98. quoting Collégiale de Dinant, cartulaire dit Livre rouge, fol. 249, aux Archives de l’Etat à Namur.

[282] Rodulfi, Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium XI.13, MGH SS X, p. 303.

[283] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 243.

[284] ES I.2 200.

[285] Flodoardi Annales 926, MGH SS III, pp. 376-7.

[286] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 87, p. 47.

[287] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 169, p. 233.

[288] ES I.2 200.

[289] D O I 27, p. 113.

[290] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 103, p. 59.

[291] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 186, p. 248.

[292] ES I.2 200.

[293] D O I 316, p. 429.

[294] ES I.2 200.

[295] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 105, p. 60.

[296] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 111, p. 66.

[297] ES I.2 200.

[298] Ennen, L. & Eckertz, G. (eds.) (1860) Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln, Band I (Köln) ("Köln Quellen"), 10, p. 462.

[299] Lacomblet, T. J. (ed.) (1860) Archiv für die Geschichte des Niederrheins (Düsseldorf) (“Niederrheinisches Urkundenbuch“), Tome IV.1, 604, p. 761.

[300] D O I 85, p. 166.

[301] D O I 89, p. 171.

[302] D O I 93, p. 175.

[303] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 248, and Köln Quellen, Band I, 11, p. 464.

[304] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 213, p. 272.

[305] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 213, p. 272.

[306] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 111, p. 66.

[307] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 245, p. 301.

[308] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 119, p. 73.

[309] ES I.2 200.

[310] ES I.2 200.

[311] ES I.2 200.

[312] Reginonis Chronicon, 890, MGH SS I, p. 602.

[313] ES I.2 200.

[314] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 182, p. 113.

[315] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 202, p. 129.

[316] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 301, p. 197.

[317] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 314, p. 207.

[318] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 342, p. 231.

[319] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 354, p. 242.

[320] Günther, W. (ed.) (1822) Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus (Coblenz), Theil I, 139, p. 297.

[321] Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus, Theil I, 149, p. 322.

[322] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, p. 195.

[323] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 221.

[324] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 221, quoting "Analectes XVI, 9".

[325] Analectes pour servir à l´histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome XVI (Louvain, 1879), Documents Waulsort, III, p. 8.

[326] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 221, footnote (5).

[327] Bernard, A. and Bruel, A. (eds.) (1878) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny ( Paris) Tome V, 3659, p. 5.

[328] Cluny Tome V, 3659, p. 5.

[329] Cluny Tome V, 3659, p. 5.

[330] Flône, VII, p. 292.

[331] Flône, X, p. 296.

[332] Flône, VII, p. 292.

[333] Bernard, A. and Bruel, A. (eds.) (1878) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny ( Paris) Tome V, 3659, p. 5.

[334] Vannérus ‘Esch-sur-la-Sûre’ (1905), p. 436, footnote 1) continued on p. 436,

[335] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 214.

[336] Vita Meingoldi Comitis, MGH SS XV.1, p. 558.

[337] Ægidii Aurenvallenses, Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium II 40, MGH SS XXV, p. 51.

[338] Ægidii Aurenvallenses, Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium II 40, MGH SS XXV, p. 51.

[339] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1860), vijfde deel, p. 65.

[340] Vita Meingoldi Comitis 6-7, MGH SS XV.1, p. 558.

[341] Ægidii Aurenvallenses, Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium II 40, MGH SS XXV, p. 51.

[342] Vita Meingoldi Comitis 6-7, MGH SS XV.1, pp. 558-9.

[343] Ægidii Aurenvallenses, Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium II 40, MGH SS XXV, p. 51.

[344] Vita Meingoldi Comitis 1, MGH SS XV.1, p. 557.

[345] Vita Meingoldi Comitis 1 and 2, MGH SS XV.1, pp. 557-8.

[346] Vita Meingoldi Comitis 1, MGH SS XV.1, p. 557.

[347] Vita Meingoldi Comitis 1 and 2, MGH SS XV.1, pp. 557-8.

[348] Ægidii Aurenvallenses, Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium II 40, MGH SS XXV, p. 51.

[349] MGH SS XXV, p. 40 footnote 10, which quotes "Dummler, Ostfranskisches Reich II, 358".

[350] Vita Meingoldi Comitis 21, MGH SS XV.1, p. 562.

[351] Vita Meingoldi Comitis 6-7, MGH SS XV.1, p. 558.

[352] Ægidii Aurenvallenses, Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium II 40, MGH SS XXV, p. 51.

[353] Ægidii Aurenvallenses, Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium II 40, MGH SS XXV, p. 51.

[354] Vita Meingoldi Comitis 6-7, MGH SS XV.1, pp. 558-9.

[355] Thietmar 4.31, p. 174.

[356] Annales S. Maximini Trevirensis 931, MGH SS II, p. 213.

[357] Gesta Treverorum 29, MGH SS VIII, p. 168, manuscripts B and C.

[358] MGH SS VIII, p. 168 footnote 12, which cites "Jahrbücher I, 1, p. 60" and "Opera Ratherii, p. 208 n. 22".

[359] Continuator Reginonis, 956, MGH SS I, p. 623.

[360] Thietmar 4.31, p. 174.

[361] D O I 128, p. 209.

[362] D O I 370, p. 507.

[363] Codex Laureshamensis (1768), Tome I, LXXV, p. 127.

[364] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 295.

[365] Thietmar 4.31, p. 174.

[366] ES I.2 200.

[367] Widukindi Liber II, 28, MGH SS III, p. 444.

[368] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XXXII, p. 41 footnote (3).

[369] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XXXII, p. 41.

[370] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XXXII, p. 41 footnote (3).

[371] MGH SS XIII, Catalogus Abbatum Gemblacensium, pp. 291-2.

[372] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XXXII, p. 41 footnote (3).

[373] Thietmar 4.31 and 4.32, pp. 174 and 175, footnote 103 stating that Ansfrid's father was a brother of Queen Mathilde but no corroboration of this has been found.

[374] Chronicon Laureshamense, MGH SS XXI, p. 393.

[375] Ægidii Aurenvallenses, Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium II 40, MGH SS XXV, p. 51.

[376] Grote (1877), p. 496.

[377] D O II 280, p. 325.

[378] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 215.

[379] D O III 14, p. 410.

[380] D O III 16, p. 413.

[381] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 65.

[382] Annales Colonienses 995, MGH SS I, p. 99.

[383] Sigeberti Chronica 997, MGH SS VI, p. 353.

[384] Thietmar 4.35, pp. 176-7.

[385] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 40, p. 75.

[386] Duaci (ed.) (1624) Vincentius Bellovacensis Speculum Historiale, lib. 24, cap. 157, quoted in Chronologia Johannes de Beke 40, p. 75.

[387] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I 16, MGH SS IV, p. 708.

[388] Beka's Egmondscii Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 106.

[389] Thietmar 4.34, p. 176.

[390] Habets, J. (ed.) (1889) Archieven van het kapitel der hoogadellijke rijksabdij Thorn, Eerste Deel ("Thorn"), 3, p. 6.

[391] Thietmar 4.32, p. 175, footnote 105 stating that she was named Benedicta.

[392] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I 16, MGH SS IV, p. 708.

[393] Thorn, 3, p. 6.

[394] Gesta Treverorum 29, MGH SS VIII, p. 168, manuscripts B and C.

[395] Raf Ceustermans, in a private email to the author dated 11 Aug 2011.

[396] Vita Richardi abbatis S Vidoni Virdunensis 9, MGH SS XI, p. 285.

[397] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I 16, MGH SS IV, p. 708.

[398] Raf Ceustermans, in a private email to the author dated 11 Aug 2011.

[399] Dhondt, J. ´Het Onstaan van het hertogdom Brabant´, Brabants Heem V (1953), p. 77.

[400] DD K II, p. 161.

[401] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), pp. 77-81.

[402] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), pp. 82-3.

[403] Barbier, J. ‘Documents concernant les monastères de Waulsort et d’Hastière’, Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome XVI (Louvain, Bruxelles), II, p. 7.

[404] Veterum Scriptorum, Tome II, col. 58, and D H III 51, p. 64.

[405] Roland, C. ‘Un faux diplôme de Conrad II’, Bulletin de la Commission royale d’histoire, Académie royale de Belgique, Tome 76 (1907), pp. 557-8.

[406] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 219.

[407] Veterum Scriptorum, Tome II, col. 56, and D K II 189, p. 251.

[408] Roland ‘Un faux diplôme de Conrad II’ (1907), p. 562.

[409] Roland ‘Un faux diplôme de Conrad II’ (1907), Appendice, p. 566.

[410] Veterum Scriptorum, Tome II, col. 56, and D K II 189, p. 251.

[411] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 219.

[412] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), p. 82.

[413] Roland ‘Un faux diplôme de Conrad II’ (1907), pp. 563-4.

[414] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), pp. 82-3.

[415] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 137, p. 85.

[416] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 138, p. 86.

[417] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 146, p. 90.

[418] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 138, p. 86.

[419] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 153, p. 94.

[420] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 177, p. 110.

[421] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 182, p. 113.

[422] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 225, p. 146.

[423] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, p. 194.

[424] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 243.

[425] Mittlerheinisches Urkundenbuch I, 180, p. 242.

[426] MGH Epistola VII 111, p. 102, and 129, p. 114, quoted in Hlawitschka, E. Die Anfänge des Hauses Habsburg-Lothringen, Genealogische Untersuchungen zur Geschichte Lothringens und des Reiches im 9. 10 and 11 Jahrhundert (Saarbrücken, 1969), p. 159. .

[427] D Lo I 83, p. 204.

[428] D Lo I 84, p. 206 (marked "Verunechtet?" in the compilation).

[429] D Lo I 96, p. 233.

[430] D Lo I 137, p. 307.

[431] D Lo II 5, p. 389.

[432] Adnuntatio domni Karoli, MGH LL 1, p. 469.

[433] Karoli II Imp. Conventus Carisiacensis, MGH LL 1, p. 537.

[434] MGH Epistola VII 111, p. 102, and 129, p. 114, quoted in Hlawitschka (1969), p. 159. .

[435] Verdun Saint-Vanne (1898), p. 384.

[436] D Zw 25, p. 62.

[437] D LK 57, p. 183.

[438] D LK 76, p. 212.

[439] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 213, p. 272.

[440] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 245, p. 301.

[441] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 251, p. 307.

[442] MGH Diplomata II, D O III 81, p. 489.

[443] Lacomblet, T. J. (ed.) (1860) Archiv für die Geschichte des Niederrheins, Band III (Düsseldorf), Memorienbuch des Canonichenstifts St Gereonis zu Cöln ("Köln St Gereon Memorienbuch"), p. 116.

[444] Köln St Gereon Memorienbuch, p. 117.

[445] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, pp. 277 and 304.

[446] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 305.

[447] ES I.2 200.

[448] Köln Quellen, Band I, 10, p. 462.

[449] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 248, quoting Lacomblet IV, no. 604.

[450] D O I 85, p. 166.

[451] D O I 89, p. 171.

[452] D O I 93, p. 175.

[453] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 248, and Köln Quellen, Band I, 11, p. 464.

[454] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.1, MGH SS IV, p. 702. The date 1006 is in the margin of I.8, p. 704, another passage referring to his marriage.

[455] ES VIII 131a.

[456] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.1, MGH SS IV, p. 702. The date 1006 is in the margin of I.8, p. 704, another passage referring to his marriage.

[457] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 134, MGH SS XI, p. 134, undated but other paragraphs suggest the range [1008/1017].

[458] D H II 112, p. 137.

[459] D H II 186, p. 221.

[460] D H II 438, p. 560.

[461] Thioderici Aeditui Tuitiensis Opuscula, MGH SS XIV, p. 564.

[462] Thietmar 7.53, p. 346.

[463] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum II.8, MGH SS IV, p. 713.

[464] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum II.10 and 11, MGH SS IV, p. 714.

[465] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum II.18, MGH SS IV, p. 718.

[466] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum II.8, MGH SS IV, p. 713.

[467] Annales Rodenses, MGH SS XVI, p. 689.

[468] Veterum Scriptorum, Tome II, col. 56, and D K II 189, p. 251.

[469] Ritz, W. (1824) Urkunden und Abhandlungen zur Geschichte des Niederrheins und der Niedermaas (Aachen), Band I, p. 53.

[470] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andaginensis 42 (54), MGH SS VIII, p. 591.

[471] Kurth, G. (1903) Chartes de l’abbaye de Saint-Hubert en Ardenne (Brussels), Tome I, p. 52, footnote 1.

[472] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, XXVI, p. 38.

[473] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andaginensis 42 (54), MGH SS VIII, p. 591.

[474] Reiffenberg (1848), Tome VIII, Antiquitas Ecclesiæ Andaginensis Sancti Petri, p. 55.

[475] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, LXVII, p. 77.

[476] Reiffenberg (1848), Tome VIII, Antiquitas Ecclesiæ Andaginensis Sancti Petri, p. 55.

[477] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, LXVII, p. 77.

[478] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 286, p. 187.

[479] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andaginensis 42 (54), MGH SS VIII, p. 591.

[480] Rodulfi Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium III, MGH SS X, p. 241.

[481] Annales Rodenses, MGH SS XVI, p. 689.

[482] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, p. 195.

[483] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, pp. 130-1.

[484] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 184, p. 246.

[485] D O III 45, p. 445.

[486] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 131, citing "Butkens, I, pr. 22".

[487] D H III 35, p. 44.

[488] Gestorum Abbatum Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia, I, 7, MGH SS X, p. 371.

[489] Guizot, M. (ed.) (1826) Histoire des ducs de Normandie, par Guillaume de Jumiège (Paris) (“WJ”), II.8, p. 38.

[490] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 998, MGH SS XXIII, p. 749.

[491] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 133, citing "Martène, Coll., II, 38".

[492] Gestorum Abbatum Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia, I, 7, MGH SS X, p. 371.

[493] Annales Bertiniani II 844.

[494] Vita Hludowici Imperatoris 50, MGH SS II, p. 637.

[495] Flodoardi Annales 944, MGH SS III, p. 390.

[496] D O I 111, p. 194.

[497] D O I 128, p. 209.

[498] D O I 154, p. 235.

[499] D O I 318, p. 432.

[500] D O I 316, p. 429.

[501] Veterum Scriptorum II, pp. 46-7.

[502] D O I 316, p. 429.

[503] Calmet (1748), Tome II, Preuves, col. ccxxv.

[504] Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium I.95, MGH SS VII, p. 439.

[505] Sigeberti Chronica 973, MGH SS VI, p. 351.

[506] Thietmari Chronicon VII, 32, MGH SS III, p. 851.

[507] Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium I.95, MGH SS VII, p. 439.

[508] Sigeberti Chronica 973, MGH SS VI, p. 351.

[509] Thietmari Chronicon VII, 32, MGH SS III, p. 851.

[510] D O II 97, p. 111.

[511] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1021, MGH SS X, p. 382. Footnote 43 refers to a second donation dated "4 Non Nov 1024".

[512] Saint-Trond, IX, p. 14.

[513] Heylissem, XIV, p. 205.

[514] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1021, MGH SS X, p. 382. Footnote 43 refers to a second donation dated "4 Non Nov 1024".

[515] Saint-Trond, IX, p. 14.

[516] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1021, MGH SS X, p. 382.

[517] Saint-Trond, IX, p. 14.

[518] Saint-Trond, IX, p. 14.

[519] Goffinet, H. (1879) Cartulaire de l’abbaye d’Orval (Brussels) (“Orval”), I, p. 1.

[520] Rodulfi Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium, Liber IX, 31, MGH SS X, p. 289.

[521] Mantelius, J. (1717) Historiæ Lossensis (Liège), p. 56.

[522] Baerten, J. ‘Les origines des comtes de Looz et la formation territoriale du comté’, Revue belge de philologie et d´histoire, Tome 43, fasc. 2 (1965), p. 486.

[523] Vita Arnulfi Episcopi Suessioniensis I.3, MGH SS XV.2, p. 879.

[524] Saint-Trond, Tome I, XIII, p. 18.

[525] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1060, MGH SS X, p. 385.

[526] Saint-Trond, Tome I, XV, p. 20.

[527] Foppens (Miraeus) (1723), Tome I, LIII, p. 62.

[528] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XL p. 663.

[529] Saint-Trond, Tome I, XVII, p. 24.

[530] Saint-Trond, Tome I, XIX, p. 26.

[531] Rodulfi Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium, Liber IX, 31, MGH SS X, p. 289.

[532] Mantelius (1717), p. 56.

[533] Baerten ‘Les origines des comtes de Looz’ (1965), p. 486.

[534] Vita Arnulfi Episcopi Suessioniensis I.3, MGH SS XV.2, p. 879.

[535] D H IV 398, p. 526.

[536] Rodulfi, Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium XI.4, MGH SS X, p. 299.

[537] Saint-Trond, XX, p. 27.

[538] Andenne, Part I, 1, p. 1.

[539] Saint-Trond, XXIII, p. 33.

[540] Saint-Trond, XXVII, p. 37.

[541] Saint-Trond, XXX, p. 40.

[542] Saint-Trond, Tome I, XXXI, p. 40.

[543] Goffinet, H. ‘Sur Albéron II Evêque de Liège’, Bulletin de l’Institut archéologique Liègeois, Tome XI (Liège, 1872), p. 8, quoting Revue Catholique (1858), p. 408.

[544] Flône, VIII, p. 294.

[545] Rodulfi, Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium X.3, MGH SS X, p. 291.

[546] Rodulfi, Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium XII.14, MGH SS X, p. 311.

[547] Goffinet ‘Albéron II Evêque de Liège’ (1872), p. 8, quoting Revue Catholique (1858), p. 408.

[548] Rodulfi, Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium X.3, MGH SS X, p. 291.

[549] Saint-Trond, XXIII, p. 33.

[550] Goffinet ‘Albéron II Evêque de Liège’ (1872), p. 8, quoting Revue Catholique (1858), p. 408.

[551] Saint-Trond, XXXVI, p. 46.

[552] Saint-Trond, LI, p. 68.

[553] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Secunda II.4, MGH SS X, p. 343.

[554] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 507.

[555] Saint-Trond, LI, p. 68.

[556] Heylissem, XIV, p. 205.

[557] Heylissem, XVII, p. 210.

[558] ES VIII 25.

[559] Heylissem, XXI, p. 214.

[560] Heylissem, XXII, p. 216.

[561] Rodulfi, Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium X.3, MGH SS X, p. 291.

[562] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Secunda II.1, MGH SS X, p. 342.

[563] Saint-Trond, LVII, p. 79.

[564] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Secunda I1.6-8, MGH SS X, p. 343.

[565] Goffinet ‘Albéron II Evêque de Liège’ (1872), p. 8, quoting Revue Catholique (1858), p. 408.

[566] Saint-Trond, LI, p. 68.

[567] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Secunda II.4, MGH SS X, p. 343.

[568] Goffinet ‘Albéron II Evêque de Liège’ (1872), p. 8, quoting Revue Catholique (1858), p. 408.

[569] Saint-Trond, LI, p. 68.

[570] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Secunda II.4, MGH SS X, p. 343.

[571] Miraeus (1723), Tome II, Supplement, Pars III, LXVIII, p. 1181.

[572] Saint-Trond, LI, p. 68.

[573] Saint-Trond, LXXI, p. 94.

[574] Saint-Trond, LXXIX, p. 105.

[575] Aegidii Aurævallensis Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium, Liber III, 36, MGH SS XXV, p. 108.

[576] Saint-Trond, XCV, p. 130.

[577] Klaversma, T. (1978) De geslachten van Altena en Horne tot ca. 1300, p. 8, available at <http://www.showeert.nl/artikelen/1.1%20hornes;%20weert-wessem-horn//klaversma%20altena-horne%20pshal114.pdf> [20 Jun 2012].

[578] Saint-Trond, p. 3 footnote 1, quoting Ernst, S. P. (1847) Histoire de Limbourg, Tome VI (Liège), XLVII, p. 136 in respect of the 1143 mention only.

[579] Saint-Trond, LI, p. 68.

[580] Saint-Trond, LVII, p. 79.

[581] Klaversma (1978), p. 8.

[582] Wouters, M. J. (1849) Notice historique sur l´ancienne abbaye d´Averboden (Gand), 6, p. 87.

[583] Saint-Trond, XCIII, p. 122.

[584] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 157.

[585] Flône, I, p. 282.

[586] Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique (“Analectes”), Tome IV (1867, Louvain/Brussels), Documents extraits du cartulaire du chapitre de Fosses, I, p. 396.

[587] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, Notitia Ecclesiarum Belgii, LII, p. 670.

[588] Flône, I, p. 282.

[589] Analectes, Tome IV (1867), Documents extraits du cartulaire du chapitre de Fosses, I, p. 396.

[590] Bormans, S. (ed.) (1875) Cartulaire de la commune de Couvin (Namur) ("Couvin"), 1, p. 2.

[591] WT I.XVII, p. 45.

[592] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber II, Cap. I, p. 299.

[593] WT X.III, p. 404.

[594] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber II, Cap. XXII, p. 315.

[595] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber IV, Cap. XLVII, p. 422.

[596] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber VII, Cap. XXI, p. 521.

[597] Analectes, Tome IV (1867), Documents extraits du cartulaire du chapitre de Fosses, I, p. 396.

[598] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 131.

[599] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 184, p. 246.

[600] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 131, quoting "Miræus III, 297".

[601] Baerten, J. ‘Les origines des comtes de Looz et la formation territoriale du comté’, Revue belge de philologie et d´histoire, Tome 43, fasc. 2 (1965), p. 468.

[602] Mantelius (1717), Lib. III, pp. 34-8.

[603] Lancaster, A. ‘Rebooting Discussion about the Ancestry of the First Counts of Loon’, The Medieval Low Countries, 8 (2021) (Brepols, 2022), pp. 51-96.

[604] Sloet, L. (1872) Oorkondenbock der graafschappen Gelre en Zutphen, Vol. I, p. 79.

[605] Mantelius (1717), Lib. III, p. 34.

[606] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 138.

[607] Vanderkindere, L. ‘A propos d’une charte de Baldéric d’Utrecht’, Académie royale de Belgique, Bulletin de la Classe des Lettres et des Sciences morales et politiques et de la Classe des beaux-arts, 1900, No. 1 (Bruxelles, 1900), p. 49, and Table II, p. 53.

[608] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, Pars IV, V, p. 505.

[609] Lancaster ‘First Counts of Loon’ (2022), p. 72.

[610] Mantelius (1717), Lib. III, p. 38.

[611] Lancaster ‘First Counts of Loon’ (2022), pp. 54-5, 59-64.

[612] Butkens, C. (1724) Trophées tant sacrés que profanes du duché de Brabant (The Hague), Vol. I, Livre II, p. 50.

[613] Lancaster ‘First Counts of Loon’ (2022), pp. 76-.

[614] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1007, MGH SS X, p. 382.

[615] ES XVIII 56.

[616] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1007, MGH SS X, p. 382.

[617] Vita Arnulfi Episcopi Suessioniensis I.3, MGH SS XV.2, p. 879.

[618] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1007, MGH SS X, p. 382.

[619] ES XVIII 56.

[620] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1007, MGH SS X, p. 382.

[621] Annales Quedlinburgenses, 1008, MGH SS III, p. 79.

[622] Sigeberti Chronica 1008, MGH SS VI, p. 354.

[623] Anselmi Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensis, 31, MGH SS VII, p. 206.

[624] Sigeberti Continuatio auctarium Gemblacense 1015, MGH SS VI, p. 391.

[625] Foppens, J. F. (1734) Diplomatum Belgicorum nova collectio, sive supplementum ad opera diplomatica Auberti Miræi (Brussels), Tome III, Pars II, XVII, p. 297.

[626] Thietmari Chronicon, Liber VIII, 13, MGH SS III, p. 869.

[627] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1017, MGH SS X, p. 382.

[628] Annales Quedlinburgenses, 1018, MGH SS III, p. 84.

[629] Anselmi Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensis, 31, MGH SS VII, p. 207.

[630] Borman, C. de & Poncelet, E. (1925) Œuvres de Jacques de Hemricourt (Brussels), Tome II, p. 123.

[631] Foppens (1734), Tome III, Pars II, XVII, p. 297.

[632] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 141.

[633] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, XXII, p. 32.

[634] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1007, MGH SS X, p. 382.

[635] ES XVIII 56.

[636] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 123.

[637] Foppens (1734), Tome III, Pars II, XVII, p. 297.

[638] Orval, I, p. 1.

[639] Miraeus (1723), Tome II, VIII, p. 809.

[640] D K II 87, p. 118.

[641] Verdun Saint-Vanne (1898), XXXVII, p. 442.

[642] Vita Arnulfi Episcopi Suessioniensis I.3, MGH SS XV.2, p. 879.

[643] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1007, MGH SS X, p. 382.

[644] Vita Arnulfi Episcopi Suessioniensis I.3, MGH SS XV.2, p. 879.

[645] Vita Arnulfi Episcopi Suessioniensis I.3, MGH SS XV.2, p. 879.

[646] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1060, MGH SS X, p. 385.

[647] Daris, J. (1865) Histoire de la bonne ville, de l’église et des comtes de Looz (Liège), Tome II, Documents historiques de l´église de Looz, I, p. 1.

[648] Vita Arnulfi Episcopi Suessioniensis I.3, MGH SS XV.2, p. 879.

[649] Saint-Trond, XIII, p. 18.

[650] Saint-Lambert Liège Obituaire, p. 10.

[651] Annalista Saxo 1056.

[652] Berlière, U. ‘Fragment d’un nécrologe de l’abbaye de Saint-Jacques à Liège’, Bulletin de la Commission Royale d’Histoire, Vol. XVC (Brussels, 1931), p. 231, quoted in Verdonk, H. ‘De Herkomst van de Heren van Herlaer’, De Brabantse Leeuw (2000), p. 138. [information provided by Ed von Gohren in a private email to the author dated 2 Dec 2011]

[653] Verdonk ‘De Herkomst van de Heren van Herlaer’, p. 138, citing Kahnsnitz (1992) Die Grunde von Lauch und Sayn, Fürstenbündnisse des 13. Jahrhunderts (Nürnberg), p. 90, and Bogler, T. (1983) Abdijkerk Maria-Laach (München), p. 3. [information provided by Ed von Gohren in a private email to the author dated 2 Dec 2011]

[654] Wouters, M. J. (1849) Notice historique sur l´ancienne abbaye d´Averboden (Gand), Annexes, Vita B. Andreæ primi abbatis Averbodiensis monasterii, XIII, p. 147.

[655] Klaversma, T. ´De geschlachten van Altena en Horne tot ca. 1300´, Publications de la Société Historique et Archéologique dans le duché de Limbourg (“PSAHL”), tome 114 (1978), p. 38 footnote 155 (information provided by Ed von Gohren in a private email to the author dated 27 Sep 2011).

[656] Recueil généalogique de familles originaires des Pays-Bas (Rotterdam, 1775), p. 322.

[657] Foppens, J. F. (1748) Diplomatum Belgicorum nova collectio, sive supplementum ad opera diplomatica Auberti Miræi (Brussels), Tome IV, Pars IV, V, p. 505.

[658] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, XXVI, p. 38.

[659] Daris, J. (1864) Histoire de la bonne ville, de l’église et des comtes de Looz (Liège), Tome I, p. 394.

[660] Vita Arnulfi Episcopi Suessioniensis I.3, MGH SS XV.2, p. 879.

[661] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 6.

[662] ES II 154.

[663] Kerbl, R. (1979) Byzantinische Prinzessinnen in Ungarn zwischen 1050-1200 und ihr Einfluß auf das Arpadenkönigreich (VWGÖ, Vienna), pp. 1-57.

[664] Kerbl (1979), p. 8.

[665] Wouters, M. J. (1849) Notice historique sur l´ancienne abbaye d´Averboden (Gand), Annexes, Vita B. Andreæ primi abbatis Averbodiensis monasterii, XIII, p. 147.

[666] Vita Arnulfi Episcopi Suessioniensis I.3, MGH SS XV.2, p. 879.

[667] Rodulfi, Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium X.2, MGH SS X, p. 291.

[668] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1086, MGH SS X, p. 386.

[669] Ernst (1847), Tome VI, XXIX, p. 113.

[670] Andenne, Part I, 1, p. 1.

[671] Saint-Trond, XXIII, p. 33.

[672] Cartulaire ou recueil de chartes et documents inédits de l´église collégiale de Saint Paul actuellement cathédrale de Liège (Liège, 1878) ("Liège Saint-Paul"), p. 2.

[673] Ernst (1847), Tome VI (Liège), XXXVII, p. 124.

[674] Wouters (1849), Annexes, Vita B. Andreæ primi abbatis Averbodiensis monasterii, XIII, p. 147.

[675] Klaversma ´De geschlachten van Altena en Horne tot ca. 1300´, PSAHL, tome 114 (1978), p. 38 footnote 155 (information provided by Ed von Gohren in a private email to the author dated 27 Sep 2011).

[676] Wolters, M. J. (ed.) (1849) Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis (Gand) 90, p. 48.

[677] Wouters (1849), Annexes, Vita B. Andreæ primi abbatis Averbodiensis monasterii, XIII, p. 147.

[678] Klaversma ´De geschlachten van Altena en Horne tot ca. 1300´, PSAHL, tome 114 (1978), p. 37, and. 38 footnote 155 (information provided by Ed von Gohren in a private email to the author dated 27 Sep 2011).

[679] Wouters (1849), Annexes, Vita B. Andreæ primi abbatis Averbodiensis monasterii, XIII, p. 147.

[680] Wouters (1849), Annexes, Vita B. Andreæ primi abbatis Averbodiensis monasterii, XIII, p. 147.

[681] Wouters (1849), Annexes, Vita B. Andreæ primi abbatis Averbodiensis monasterii, XIII, p. 147.

[682] Vita Arnulfi Episcopi Suessioniensis I.3, MGH SS XV.2, p. 879.

[683] Rodulfi, Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium X.2, MGH SS X, p. 291.

[684] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1086, MGH SS X, p. 386.

[685] Oorkondenboek Noord-Brabant, II, Eerste stuk, nr. 893, p. 29.

[686] Ernst (1847), Tome VI, XXIX, p. 113.

[687] Flône, I, p. 282.

[688] Andenne, Part I, 1, p. 1.

[689] Gudenus, V. F. de (1743) Codex Diplomaticus Moguntiaca (Goettingen), Tome I, XVIII, p. 37

[690] Liège Saint-Paul, p. 2.

[691] Menzel, K. & Sauer, W. (eds.) (1885) Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus, Band I, Part 1 (Wiesdaden), 164, p. 94.

[692] Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus, Band I, Part 1, 168, p. 97.

[693] Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus, Band I, Part 1, 169, p. 98.

[694] Gudenus (1743), Tome I, XXVI, p. 60.

[695] Ernst (1847), Tome VI, XXXVII, p. 124.

[696] Daris, J. ´Notes chronologiques sur les Comtes de Looz´, Bulletin de la Société scientifique et littéraire du Limbourg, Tome VIII (Tongres, 1867), p. 98 (no citation reference for the full document).

[697] Daris ´Comtes de Looz´ (1867), p. 98 (no citation reference for the full document).

[698] Daris ´Comtes de Looz´ (1867), p. 98 (no citation reference for the full document).

[699] Daris ´Comtes de Looz´ (1867), p. 98 (no citation reference for the full document).

[700] Flône, VI, p. 291.

[701] Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus, Band I, Part 1, 188, p. 128.

[702] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XC, p. 100.

[703] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XCII, p. 101.

[704] Wouters (1849), Annexes, 1, p. 79.

[705] Wouters (1849), Annexes, 2, p. 81.

[706] Flône, VIII, p. 294.

[707] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 116, p. 59.

[708] Borman, C. de ´Chartes apocryphes publiées par Foppens´, Bulletin de la Commission Royale d´Histoire, Tome LXXXII (Brussels, 1913), pp. 198-99, 207-08 (available for download at Internet Archive), reference provided by Comte Baudouin d´Ursel in a private email to the author dated 26 Dec 2010.

[709] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XC, p. 100.

[710] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 84, p. 45.

[711] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 84, p. 45.

[712] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 116, p. 59.

[713] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 116, p. 59.

[714] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 116, p. 59.

[715] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 116, p. 59.

[716] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 116, p. 59.

[717] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 116, p. 59.

[718] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 116, p. 59.

[719] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 116, p. 59.

[720] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 116, p. 59.

[721] Wouters (1849), Annexes, Vita B. Andreæ primi abbatis Averbodiensis monasterii, XIII, p. 147.

[722] Wouters (1849), Annexes, 2, p. 81.

[723] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XC, p. 100.

[724] Wouters (1849), Annexes, 1, p. 79.

[725] Wouters (1849), Annexes, 6, p. 81.

[726] Annales Sancti Disibodi (Continuatio) 1155, MGH SS XVII, p. 29.

[727] Daris (1865), Tome II, Documents historiques de l´église de Looz, III, p. 2.

[728] Saint-Trond, XCIII, p. 122.

[729] MB 9, 458, cited in Wegener (1965/67), p. 250.

[730] Necrologium Scheftlariense, Freising Necrologies, p. 116.

[731] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.

[732] Necrologium Weltenburgense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 369.

[733] Saint-Trond, XCIII, p. 122.

[734] Saint-Trond, XCIII, p. 122.

[735] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Secunda IV.23, MGH SS X, pp. 358-9.

[736] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Secunda IV.23, MGH SS X, pp. 358-9.

[737] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, CXXIV, p. 160.

[738] Butkens (1724), Vol. II, p. 65, "Extraict des chartes de l´abbaye d´Everbode".

[739] Cronica et cartularium monasterii de Dunis (Bruges, 1864) (“Dunes”), LXIII-No. 263, p. 180.

[740] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Secunda IV.25, MGH SS X, p. 359.

[741] Oude Kronik van Brabant, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1855), deerde deel, Part 1, p. 62.

[742] Wouters (1849), Annexes, 14, p. 98.

[743] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, CXXIV, p. 160.

[744] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 44, "Extraict du livre des obituaires de l´abbaye d´Everbode".

[745] Genealogica ex Stirpe Sancti Arnulfi descendentium Mettensis 3, MGH SS XXV, p. 383.

[746] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1214, MGH SS XXIII, p. 899.

[747] Saint-Trond, XCIII, p. 122.

[748] Gudenus, V. F. de (1747) Codex Diplomaticus sive Anecdotorum, res moguntinas, francicas, trevirenses, colonienses, finitimarumque regionum (Goettingen), Tome II, XI, p. 21.

[749] Wouters (1849), Annexes, 14, p. 98.

[750] Lang, C. H. (1822) Regesta Boicarum (Munich), Vol. I, p. 347.

[751] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, CXXIV, p. 160.

[752] Gudenus, Tome II, XI, p. 21.

[753] Regesta Boicarum (1822), Vol. I, p. 347.

[754] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, CXXIV, p. 160.

[755] Ardenne Saint-Hubert, Tome I, CXXIV, p. 160.

[756] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 159, p. 89, extract only (in translation), citing Notice historique sur l´ancienne abbaye de Herckenrode, p. 57 (not yet consulted).

[757] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 49, "Extraicts des registres de Brabant".

[758] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 63b and 63c, pp. 149 and 157.

[759] Oorkondenboek Noord-Brabant, II, Eerste stuk, 934, p. 144.

[760] Baur, L. (ed.) (1862) Hessische Urkunden, Band II (Darmstadt), 37, p. 49.

[761] Gudenus (1743), Tome I, CLXI, p. 429

[762] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1218, MGH SS XXIII, p. 907.

[763] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 59a, p. 131.

[764] Annales Egmundani 1203, MGH SS XVI, p. 473.

[765] Gesta Episcopum Traiectensium 15, MGH SS XXIII, p. 408.

[766] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 61, p. 141.

[767] Hessische Urkunden, Band II, 37, p. 49.

[768] Ernst (1839), Tome III, p. 365, quoting Villenfagne d´Ingihoul, H. N. de (1810) Mélange pour server à l´histoire civile, politique et littéraire du ci-devant pays de Liège, p. 459.

[769] Eltester, L. & Goerz, A. (eds.) (1874) Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien (Coblenz), Vol. III, ("Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch III"), 279, p. 226.

[770] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 156, p. 85.

[771] Gudenus (1743), Tome I, CLXI, p. 429

[772] Hessische Urkunden, Band II, 37, p. 49.

[773] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 171, p. 97, extract only (in translation), citing Notice historique sur l´ancienne abbaye de Herckenrode, p. 64 (not yet consulted).

[774] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.

[775] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 70, "Extraicts des chartes de Brabant".

[776] Baluze, S. (1708) Histoire généalogique de la maison d’Auvergne (Paris) ("Baluze (1708) Auvergne"), Tome II, p. 108.

[777] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 98, "Lettre tirée des chartes de Brabant".

[778] Baluze (1708) Auvergne, Tome II, p. 105.

[779] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 156, p. 85.

[780] Hessische Urkunden, Band II, 37, p. 49.

[781] Hessische Urkunden, Band II, 40, p. 52.

[782] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1218, MGH SS XXIII, p. 907.

[783] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1238, MGH SS XXIII, p. 943.

[784] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1238, MGH SS XXIII, p. 943.

[785] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 49, "Extraicts des registres de Brabant".

[786] Shaw, M. R. B. (trans.) (1963) Joinville and Villehardouin, Chronicles of the Crusades (Penguin), 18, pp. 134-5.

[787] Balduinus de Avennis Genealogia, RHGF XIII, p. 562.

[788] Giry, A. ´Les chàtelains de Saint-Omer (1042-1386)´, Bibliothèque de l´Ecole des Chartes, Tome 35 (1874), p. 354, quoting Grand cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, ms. de la bibl. de Saint-Omer, no. 803, t. II, p. 69.

[789] Giry ´Les chàtelains de Saint-Omer´ (1874), p. 355, quoting Archives du Nord Premier cartulaire d´Artois, fol. 76.

[790] Giry ´Les chàtelains de Saint-Omer´ (1874), p. 355, quoting Archives du Nord, B. 49, cop. notar. de 1457.

[791] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 197, p. 107, extract only (in translation), citing Notice historique sur le chapitre de Munsterbilsen, p. 54 (not yet consulted).

[792] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 156, p. 85.

[793] Gudenus, Tome II, XII, p. 22.

[794] Hessische Urkunden, Band II, 37, p. 49.

[795] Gudenus (1743), Tome I, CLXI, p. 429

[796] Hessische Urkunden, Band II, 40, p. 52.

[797] Hessische Urkunden, Band II, 40, p. 52.

[798] Hessische Urkunden, Band II, 40, p. 52.

[799] Orval, CLXXIV, p. 207.

[800] Wouters (1849), Annexes, 21, p. 106.

[801] Jeantin (1851), p. 264.

[802] Balduinus de Avennis Genealogia, RHGF XIII, p. 561.

[803] Duvivier, C. A. (1894) La querelle des d’Avesnes et des Dampierre jusqu’à la mort de Jean d’Avesnes (Paris), Tome II, Preuves, XLI-XLII, pp. 61-4.

[804] Jeantin (1851), p. 264.

[805] Ernst (1847), Tome VI, CCCXXVI, 47, p. 435.

[806] Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome III (Louvain, Brussels, 1866), p. 224.

[807] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 235, p. 123, extract only (in translation), citing Notice historique sur la commune de Rummen, p. 303 (not yet consulted).

[808] Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum, Nova Series, Tome VI (Berlin, 1929), Genealogia Comitum de Marka, pp. 101-2.

[809] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, p. 560.

[810] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 114, "Extraict des registres de S. Lambert à Liege".

[811] Genealogia Comitum de Marka, pp. 101-2.

[812] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 114, "Extraict des registres de S. Lambert à Liege".

[813] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, CCIX, p. 778.

[814] Jeantin (1851), p. 157.

[815] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, CCIX, p. 778.

[816] Jeantin (1851), p. 157.

[817] Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum, Nova Series, Tome VI (Berlin, 1929), Chronica Comitum de Marka, p. 79.

[818] Calmet, A. (1728) Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Lorraine (Nancy), Tome II, Preuves, col. dcxii.

[819] Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome III (Louvain, Brussels, 1866), p. 237.

[820] Kremer (1769), Band I, X, p. 15.

[821] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 59, p. 43.

[822] Bosbach ‘Das älteste Burtscheider Nekrologium’ (1898), p. 113.

[823] Chartes de la famille de Reinach déposées aux archives du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (Luxembourg, 1877), (“Reinach (1877)”), 231, p. 38.

[824] Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum, Nova Series, Tome VI (Berlin, 1929), Chronica Comitum de Marka, p. 79.

[825] Kurth, G. (1927) La chronique de Jean de Hocsem (Bruxelles), Cap. XXVIII, pp. 310-11, available at <https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/90817> (21 Jul 2022).

[826] Aders, G. (1977) Urkunden und Akten der Neuenahrer Herrschaften und Besitzungen (Köln), 310, p. 98.

[827] Daris, J. (1864) Histoire de la bonne ville, de l’église et des comtes de Looz, Tome I (Liège), pp. 555-6.

[828] Jalheau (1791), p. 206.

[829] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 177.

[830] Sauerland, H. V. (1905) Urkunden und Regesten zur Geschichte der Rheinlande aus dem vatikanischen Archiv (Bonn) (“Rheinlande Vatikanischen”), Band I, 471, p. 224.

[831] Rheinlande Vatikanischen, Band I, 471, p. 224.

[832] Raymaekers, F. J. ‘Chronicon Diestense’, Compte rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d’Histoire ou Recueil de ses Bulletins, Series 3, Tome 2 (Brussels, 1861), p. 404.

[833] Raymaekers ‘Chronicon Diestense’ (1861), p. 405.

[834] ES XVIII 57.

[835] Stallaert, C. ‘Inventaire analytique des chartes concernant les seigneurs de la ville de Diest’ Compte rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d’Histoire ou Recueil de ses Bulletins, Series 4, Tome 3 (Brussels, 1876), p. 203.

[836] Foppens (1734), Tome III, Pars I, CLXXX, p. 157.

[837] ES XVIII 22.

[838] Berg, A. ‘Zur alteren Genealogie der Fürsten von Horn’, Genealogie (1978), pp. 44-5, citing “‘s-Gravenhage, Hoge Raad van Adel. Sammlung van Spaen Nr. 164”. I am grateful to Bert M. Kamp for drawing my attention to this source in a private email dated 3 Dec 2014.

[839] Berg ‘Fürsten von Horn’ (1978), p. 45.

[840] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel, p. 135.

[841] Salbray, de (1673) Miroir des nobles de Hasbaye, composé en forme de Chronique par Jacques de Hemricourt (Brussels) (“Hemricourt (1673)”), Abrégé des Guerres d’Awans et de Waroux, p. 114.

[842] Jalheau (1791), p. 206.

[843] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 177.

[844] Jalheau (1791), p. 206.

[845] Wouters (1855) Duras, Annexes, 18, p. 104.

[846] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 114, "Extraict des registres de S. Lambert à Liege".

[847] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 114, "Extraict des registres de S. Lambert à Liege".

[848] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 231, p. 121.

[849] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch III, 1110, p. 821.

[850] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 254, p. 137.

[851] Jeantin (1851), p. 435.

[852] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, Pars II, CV, p. 258.

[853] Natalis de Wailly ‘Actes en langue vulgaire du XIIIe siècle dans la collection de Lorraine à la Bibliothèque Nationale’, Notices et extraits de manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale (Paris, 1878), Tome XXVIII, 2e partie, 325, p. 238.

[854] Balduinus de Avennis Genealogia, RHGF XIII, p. 561.

[855] Codex Diplomaticus Lossensis, 254, p. 137.

[856] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, Pars II, CV, p. 258.

[857] Natalis de Wailly ‘Actes en langue vulgaire Lorraine’ (1878), Tome XXVIII, 2e partie, 325, p. 238.

[858] Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome III (Louvain, Brussels, 1866), p. 235.

[859] Jeantin (1851), p. 435.

[860] Jeantin (1851), p. 435.

[861] Jeantin (1851), p. 435.

[862] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome II, DCLXXIV, p. 255.

[863] Gachard, M. ‘Notice d’une Collection de documents concernant le comté de Chiny qui est conservée dans les Archives départementales de la Moselle, à Metz’, Compte rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d’Histoire ou Recueil de ses Bulletins, Series 3, Tome 10 (Brussels, 1869), p. 138.

[864] Du Chesne, A. (1631) Preuves de l´Histoire des maisons de Guines, d´Ardres, Gand et Coucy (Paris) (“Du Chesne (1631), Guines, Preuves”), p. 383.

[865] By CC and by Jean Bunot, communicated by email 28 Aug 2022.

[866] Van Den Bergh, L. P. C. (1873) Oorkondenboek van Holland en Zeeland, Eerste afdeeling, Tweede deel (Amsterdam) ("Oorkondenboek Holland Eerste afdeeling, Tweede deel (1873)"), 856, p. 394.

[867] Wolters, M. J. (1850) Notice historique sur l´ancien comté de Hornes (Gand), p. 33, quoting an unnamed volume at "la bibliothèque de l´ancienne chamber héraldique à Bruxelles…au revers de la page 184".

[868] Wolters (1850), p. 33, quoting an unnamed volume at "la bibliothèque de l´ancienne chamber héraldique à Bruxelles…au revers de la page 184".

[869] Van de Boel, W. M. (1974) Het wapen der Hornes, Publications de la Société historique et archéologique dans le Limbourg, p. 273, available at <http://www.showeert.nl/artikelen/1.1%20hornes;%20weert-wessem-horn//boel%20wapen-hornes%20pshal110.pdf> [8 Jul 2012].

[870] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, pp. 130 and 151.

[871] Daris, J. ‘Le Comté de Moha’, Bulletin de l’Institut archéologique Liègeois, Tome XI (Liège, 1872), pp. 259-72.

[872] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 234, "Lettres tirées des chartes de Brabant".

[873] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 49, "Extraicts des registres de Brabant".

[874] Foppens (Miraeus) (1723), Tome II, VIII, p. 809.

[875] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 324, p. 377.

[876] Saint-Trond, XIII, p. 18.

[877] Verdun Saint-Vanne (1902), 1902, LXII, p. 86.

[878] Verdun Saint-Vanne (1902), Necrology, p. 145.

[879] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 114, "Extraict des registres de S. Lambert à Liege".

[880] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 334.

[881] Goethals, F. V. (1862) Miroir des notabilités nobiliaires de Belgique, des Pays-Bas et du Nord de la France (Brussels), Tome II, p. 794, no citation reference.

[882] Hemricourt (1673), p. 112.

[883] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 393.

[884] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 34.

[885] Hemricourt (1673), p. 112.

[886] Galesloot, L. (1865) Le livre des feudataires de Jean III Duc de Brabant (Bruxelles), p. 200. .

[887] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 393.

[888] Godding, P. ‘Pléthore d’enfants, fin de race. Le testament d’Arnoud de Walhain (1304)`, Wavriensia, Tome XXXVIII (Wavre, 1989), p. 119 footnote 60, citing Kurth, G. Chartes de l’abbaye de Saint-Hubert en Ardenne, Tome II, no. 361, p. 468 [not yet consulted].

[889] Hemricourt (1673), p. 112.

[890] Thill, J. ‘Histoire d’Oleye et de Lantremenge sous l’ancien régime: les seigneuries’, Bulletin de l’Institut archéologique liégeois, Tome XCIV (Liège, 1982), p. 55, citing Cartulaire de l’Eglise Saint-Lambert, Tome VI, p. 110 [not yet consulted]. .

[891] Hemricourt (1673), p. 112.

[892] Orjo, T., Le Parchemin 393 (May-Jun 2011), p. 236, not yet consulted, reference provided by Bert M. Kamp in an email to the author dated 2 Sep 2018.

[893] Borgnet, J. ‘Analyses des chartes namuroises qui se trouvent aux archives départementales du Nord, à Lille’, Compte rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d’Histoire ou Recueil de ses bulletins, Série 3, Tome 5 (Bruxelles, 1863), 8, Cartulaire de Namur, 131, p. 81.

[894] Hemricourt (1673), p. 112.

[895] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 21, 92.

[896] Orjo, T. d’ ‘Les Walcourt (suite). Les rameaux cadets des Rochefort fin XIVe et début Xve siècles’, Le Parchemin 437 (Sep-Oct 2018), p. 546.

[897] Hemricourt (1673), p. 112.

[898] Hemricourt (1673), p. 21.

[899] Thill ‘Oleye et Lantremenge’ (1982), p. 55, citing Cartulaire de l’Eglise Saint-Lambert, Tome VI, p. 110 [not yet consulted]. .

[900] Thill ‘Oleye et Lantremenge’ (1982), p. 55, citing Cartulaire de l’Eglise Saint-Lambert, Tome VI, p. 110 [not yet consulted]. .

[901] Möller, W. (1933) Stammtafeln westdeutscher Adelsgeschlechter im Mittelalter (Darmstadt), Band II, Tafel LVI, Reifferscheid, notes. I am grateful to Bert M. Kamp for sending a copy of this page (10 Oct 2022).

[902] Möller (1933), Band II, Tafel LVI, Reifferscheid, notes.

[903] Fahne, A. (1866) Geschichte der Grafen jetzigen Fürsten zu Salm-Reifferscheid (Köln), Band I, p. 98.

[904] ES VII 113 (Boland) and ES XXVI 121.

[905] Würth-Paquet, F. X., & Van Werveke, N. ‘[Chartes de Clervaux]’, Publications de la Section historique de l’Institut R. G.-D. de Luxembourg, Année 1883 - XXXVI (XIV) (Luxembourg, 1883) (“Clervaux (1883)”), 620, p. 121.

[906] Frick, H. (1933) Quellen zu Geschichte von Bad Neuenahr (Bad Neuenahr), 901b, p. 203.

[907] Clervaux (1883), 698, p. 134.

[908] Hemricourt (1673), p. 67.

[909] Hemricourt (1673), p. 67.

[910] Hemricourt (1673), p. 67.

[911] Chestret de Haneffe, J. de (1898) Histoire de la Maison de la Marck (Liège), p. 97.

[912] Chestret de Haneffe (1898), p. 97.

[913] Chestret de Haneffe (1898), p. 97, citing for the 18 Nov 1409 source “Le Fort, t. XIV, fol. 166”.

[914] Hemricourt (1673), p. 71.

[915] Hemricourt (1673), p. 71.

[916] Hemricourt (1673), p. 71.

[917] Hemricourt (1673), p. 71.

[918] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 71, 142-3.

[919] Information provided by Thierry d’Orjo in an email dated 28 Dec 2018.

[920] Information provided by Thierry d’Orjo in an email dated 28 Dec 2018.

[921] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), p. 416.

[922] Tarlier, J. & Wauters, A. (1869) La Belgique ancienne et moderne : géographie et histoire des communes belges, province de Brabant, canton de Nivelles (Brussels), pp. 102-3, no sources cited.

[923] Saint-Trond, LIV, p. 74.

[924] Poncelet, E. ‘Les Maréchaux d’armée de l’évêché de Liège’, Bulletin de l’Institut Archéologique Liégeois, Tome XXXII (Liège, 1902), p. 132.

[925] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, CCXLVIII, p. 319.

[926] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, CCLIII, p. 323.

[927] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 4.

[928] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, V, p. 537.

[929] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, CCCCXLV, p. 540.

[930] Saint-Trond, CCXXV, p. 264.

[931] Pirenne, H. (1896) Le livre de l’abbé Guillaume de Ryckel (1249-1272) (Gand), p. 224.

[932] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 144, quoting Barbier, V. (1892) Histoire de l’abbaye de Floreffe, Tome II, p. 98.

[933] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), Annexes, XX, p. 278.

[934] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), Annexes, XXI, p. 279.

[935] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), Annexes, XXII, p. 280.

[936] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), XX, p. 146, citing Barbier (1892), Tome II, p. 98.

[937] Hemricourt (1673), p. 244.

[938] Hemricourt (1673), p. 244.

[939] Hemricourt (1673), p. 244.

[940] Hemricourt (1673), p. 244.

[941] Daris, J. ‘Analyse du cartulaire de l’abbaye de Herckenrode’, Bulletin de l’Institut Archéologique Liégeois, Tome XI (Liège, 1872), p. 37.

[942] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, CCXLVIII, p. 319.

[943] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, CCLIII, p. 323.

[944] Flône, XLV, p. 352.

[945] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, CCLXXV, p. 350.

[946] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, V, p. 537.

[947] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 134.

[948] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 135.

[949] Saint-Trond, CCXXV, p. 264.

[950] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 134.

[951] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 166.

[952] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 166.

[953] Poncelet (1911) Liège Sainte-Croix, 132, p. 58.

[954] Hemricourt (1673), p. 28.

[955] Hemricourt (1673), p. 130.

[956] Hemricourt (1673), p. 28.

[957] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 166.

[958] Hemricourt (1673), p. 130.

[959] Hemricourt (1673), p. 132.

[960] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 166.

[961] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 166.

[962] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 134.

[963] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), Annexes, XL, p. 295.

[964] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 166.

[965] Val-Saint-Lambert Inventaire (1875), Tome I, 352, p. 128.

[966] Poncelet, E. ‘La guerre dite de la vache de Ciney’, Compte Rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d’Histoire ou Recueil de ses Bulletins, Série 5, Tome III (Brussels, 1893), p. 347.

[967] Schoonbroodt, J. G. (1863) Inventaire analytique et chronologique des chartes du chapitre de Saint-Lambert, à Liège (Liège) (“Liège Saint-Lambert Inventaire (1863)”), 349, p. 91, and Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome II, DCCXIX, p. 329.

[968] Saint-Trond, CCXCIII, p. 362.

[969] Val-Saint-Lambert Inventaire (1875), Tome I, 373, p. 138.

[970] Val-Saint-Lambert Inventaire (1875), Tome I, 391, p. 146.

[971] Saint-Trond, CCCXIII, p. 398.

[972] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome II, DCCCLIII, p. 543.

[973] Val-Saint-Lambert Inventaire (1875), Tome I, 409, p. 153.

[974] Chestret de Haneffe, J. ‘Anthisnes. Une seigneurie ecclésiastique sous l’ancien régime. La seigneurie de Vien’, p. 174.

[975] Hemricourt (1673), Article XI, p. 335.

[976] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 421, citing Halkin & Roland Cartulaire de Stavelot-Malmédy, Tome II, p. 120.

[977] Flône, XCIII, p. 397.

[978] Hemricourt (1673), p. 241.

[979] Val-Saint-Lambert Inventaire (1875), Tome I, 409, p. 153.

[980] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 175.

[981] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 421, citing Halkin & Roland Cartulaire de Stavelot-Malmédy, Tome II, p. 120.

[982] Hemricourt (1673), Abrégé des Guerres d’Awans et de Waroux, Article X, p. 334.

[983] Hemricourt (1673), p. 103.

[984] ES VI 16, and ES XVIII 16.

[985] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 421, citing Halkin & Roland Cartulaire de Stavelot-Malmédy, Tome II, p. 120.

[986] Hemricourt (1673), p. 104.

[987] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 175.

[988] Hemricourt (1673), Abrégé des Guerres d’Awans et de Waroux, Article LV, p. 360.

[989] Hemricourt (1673), Acte de la Paix des douze de l’Evesché de Liege, p. 366.

[990] Hemricourt (1673), p. 132.

[991] Hemricourt (1673), p. 163.

[992] Hemricourt (1673), p. 133.

[993] Hemricourt (1673), p. 133.

[994] Hemricourt (1673), p. 133.

[995] Hemricourt (1673), p. 273.

[996] Hemricourt (1673), p. 319.

[997] Hemricourt (1673), p. 104.

[998] Hemricourt (1673), p. 133.

[999] Hemricourt (1673), p. 104.

[1000] Hemricourt (1673), p. 133.

[1001] Hemricourt (1673), p. 104.

[1002] Hemricourt (1673), p. 133.

[1003] Hemricourt (1673), p. 104.

[1004] Hemricourt (1673), p. 133.

[1005] Hemricourt (1673), p. 104.

[1006] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 72, 104, 133.

[1007] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 72, 133.

[1008] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 72, 133.

[1009] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 72, 133.

[1010] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 72, 133.

[1011] Hemricourt (1673), p. 104.

[1012] Hemricourt (1673), p. 133.

[1013] Hemricourt (1673), p. 104.

[1014] Hemricourt (1673), p. 133.

[1015] Goethals, F. V. (1857) Miroir des notabilités nobiliaires de Belgique, des Pays-Bas et du Nord de la France (Brussels), Tome I, p. 909, no citation reference.

[1016] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 11.

[1017] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 4.

[1018] Goethals (1857), Tome I, p. 910, no citation reference.

[1019] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 4.

[1020] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 4.

[1021] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 4.

[1022] Goethals (1857), Tome I, p. 910, no citation reference.

[1023] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 4.

[1024] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 11.

[1025] Goethals (1857), Tome I, p. 910, no citation reference.

[1026] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 31.

[1027] Goethals (1857), Tome I, p. 910, no citation reference.

[1028] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 31.

[1029] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 21-4.

[1030] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 21, 23.

[1031] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1032] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1033] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1034] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1035] Hemricourt (1673), p. 26.

[1036] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1037] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1038] Hemricourt (1673), p. 151.

[1039] Ernst, S. P. (1806) Tableau historique et chronologique des Suffragans ou co-évêques de Liège (Liège), p. xvii, footnote (2).

[1040] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1041] Hemricourt (1673), p. 104.

[1042] Hemricourt (1673), p. 133.

[1043] Goethals (1857), Tome I, pp. 912-46.

[1044] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1045] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1046] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1047] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1048] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1049] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1050] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1051] Castle Hamal, Tongeren, Limburg, Belgium at <http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMZ1FQ_Castle_Hamal_Hamal_Tongeren_Limburg_Belgium> (consulted 3 Nov 2018), which does not cite sources.

[1052] Trazegnies (2018) Un anniversaire, p. 1.

[1053] Hemricourt (1673), p. 101.

[1054] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 236.

[1055] O. de Trazegnies, in an email dated 30 Jun 2019.

[1056] Trazegnies, O. de (2018) Otton III (IV) de Trazegnies (v.1198-v.1241/42) [as yet unpublished manuscript, copy sent by the author to Medieval Lands by email 14 Oct 2018], pp. 31-2.

[1057] O. de Trazegnies, in an email dated 30 Jun 2019.

[1058] Trazegnies, O. de (2018) Les Hamal de Soy et le rameau légitime de Petite-Somme [as yet unpublished manuscript, copy sent by the author to Medieval Lands by email 14 Oct 2018], p. 1.

[1059] Trazegnies (2018) Les Hamal de Soy, p. 1, citing Boissevain, B. H. Brisures héraldiques personnelles et héréditaires dans l’écu «Hamal ancien» (XIIIe-XVe s.), dans le rapport du IVe Congrès International Généalogique et Héraldique, pp. 115-33.

[1060] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), pp. 169-83.

[1061] Bodart, W. ‘La famille de Hamal’, Annales de l’Institut archéologique du Luxembourg à Arlon, Vol. 61 (1930), pp. 1-57 [not consulted].

[1062] Jalheau (1791), p. 155.

[1063] Trazegnies (2018) Un anniversaire, p. 1, citing Potargent, P & Galicia, Z. (1987) Jonckholt: de geschiedenis van een heerlijkheid en van een geslacht (Stad Bilzen).

[1064] Borman, C. de (1910) Œuvres de Jacques de Hemricourt (Brussels), Tome I, 772, p. 376, footnote 7.

[1065] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), pp. 169-71.

[1066] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 172.

[1067] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 325, p. 170.

[1068] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 174.

[1069] Kockerols, H. (2016) Le monument funéraire médiéval dans l’ancien diocèse de Liège, p. 602.

[1070] Hemricourt (1673), p. 90.

[1071] Trazegnies (2018) Un anniversaire, p. 1, no citation reference.

[1072] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 174.

[1073] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 145, footnote 1.

[1074] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 20.

[1075] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 340, footnote 1, quoting Archives de l’Etat à Hasselt (no precise citation reference).

[1076] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 175, no citation reference.

[1077] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 340, footnote 1, quoting Archives de l’Etat à Hasselt (no precise citation reference).

[1078] Jalheau (1791), p. 155.

[1079] Hemricourt (1673), p. 231.

[1080] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 340, footnote 1, quoting Archives de l’Etat à Hasselt (no precise citation reference).

[1081] Hemricourt (1673), p. 231.

[1082] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 340, footnote 1, quoting Archives de l’Etat à Hasselt (no precise citation reference).

[1083] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 176.

[1084] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 175.

[1085] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 236, citing “Poncelet Fiefs, p. 139” [not yet consulted].

[1086] Hemricourt (1673), p. 231.

[1087] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 340, footnote 1, quoting Archives de l’Etat à Hasselt (no precise citation reference).

[1088] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 175.

[1089] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 231-2.

[1090] Hemricourt (1673), p. 231.

[1091] Hemricourt (1673), p. 231.

[1092] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 20.

[1093] Mantelius, J. (1717) Historiæ Lossensis (Liège), p. 217.

[1094] Trazegnies (2018) Les Hamal de Soy, p. 2.

[1095] Trazegnies (2018) Les Hamal de Soy, pp. 2-27.

[1096] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 20.

[1097] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 180, no citation references.

[1098] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 236, citing Lahaye, L. (1921) Inventaire analytique des chartes de la collégiale de Saint-Jean l’Evangéliste à Liège, Vol. I, pp. 106, 107, 109-11 [not yet consulted].

[1099] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 180, no citation reference.

[1100] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 180.

[1101] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 174, citing “Cartulaire de Herckenrode” (no precise reference).

[1102] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 236, citing Lahaye (1921), Vol. I, pp. 106, 107, 109-11 [not yet consulted].

[1103] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 174.

[1104] Borman, C. de (1910) Œuvres de Jacques de Hemricourt (Brussels), Tome I, p. 144, footnote 6 continued from previous page.

[1105] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 144, footnote 6 continued from previous page, citing “Poncelet Fiefs 251”.

[1106] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 176.

[1107] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 176.

[1108] Veterum Scriptorum (1729), Tome V, Chronicon Cornelii Zantfliet, col. 245.

[1109] Hemricourt (1673), p. 223.

[1110] Poncelet ‘Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), pp. 232-7.

[1111] Veterum Scriptorum (1729), Tome V, Chronicon Cornelii Zantfliet, col. 245.

[1112] Poncelet ‘Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), pp. 236-7.

[1113] Hemricourt (1673), p. 223.

[1114] Poncelet ‘Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), pp. 236-7.

[1115] Hemricourt (1673), p. 223.

[1116] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 179.

[1117] Hemricourt (1673), p. 223.

[1118] Fahne (1858), Band I, Abteiling 2, p. 4.

[1119] Poncelet ‘Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 237.

[1120] Trazegnies (2018) Un anniversaire, p. 6.

[1121] Hemricourt (1673), p. 223.

[1122] Hemricourt (1673), p. 57.

[1123] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 57, 223, 268-9.

[1124] Barbier, V. (1894) Histoire de l’abbaye de Malonne (Namur), Documents, 65, p. 356.

[1125] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 180.

[1126] Kockerols (2016), p. 604.

[1127] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 180.

[1128] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 180.

[1129] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1130] Hemricourt (1673), p. 24.

[1131] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 182.

[1132] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 183.

[1133] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 181, no citation reference.

[1134] Stroobant, C. (1858) Histoire de la commune de Feluy (Brussels), pp. 57, 67, 71.

[1135] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 89-90.

[1136] Hemricourt (1673), p. 90.

[1137] Hemricourt (1673), p. 90.

[1138] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, CCLXXV, p. 350.

[1139] Hemricourt (1673), p. 90.

[1140] Hemricourt (1673), p. 90.

[1141] Hemricourt (1673), p. 91.

[1142] Hemricourt (1673), p. 91.

[1143] Hemricourt (1673), p. 91.

[1144] Hemricourt (1673), p. 92.

[1145] Hemricourt (1673), Commission…[de] la Paix, p. 365.

[1146] Hemricourt (1673), p. 92.

[1147] Hemricourt (1673), p. 92.

[1148] Roland ‘Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort’ (1893), p. 393.

[1149] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 95-6.

[1150] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 91, 97.

[1151] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 91, 97.

[1152] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 91, 98.

[1153] Hemricourt (1673), p. 91.

[1154] Hemricourt (1673), p. 98.

[1155] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 91, 99.

[1156] Hemricourt (1673), p. 91.

[1157] Hemricourt (1673), p. 90.

[1158] Godding ‘Le testament d’Arnoud de Walhain (1304)’ (1989), p. 131.

[1159] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 90, 100-1.

[1160] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 90, 101.

[1161] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 90, 101.

[1162] Sacré, F. ‘Documents pour servir à l’histoire de l’abbaye de Solières’, Annales, Cercle hutois des Sciences et Beaux-arts, Tome IV (Huy, 1882), p. 53.

[1163] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 90, 101.

[1164] Trazegnies (2018) Un anniversaire, p. 1, no citation reference.

[1165] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 174.

[1166] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 145, footnote 1.

[1167] Hemricourt (1673), p. 90.

[1168] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 123.

[1169] Foppens (Miraeus) (1723), Tome II, VIII, p. 809.

[1170] Veterum Scriptorum, Tome IV (1729), col. 1164.

[1171] D H III, 325, p. 443.

[1172] Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome II (Louvain, Brussels 1865), p. 6.

[1173] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, XXVI, p. 38.

[1174] Saint-Trond, Tome I, XIX, p. 26.

[1175] Dillo, M. & Van Synghel, G. A. M. (eds.) (2000) Oorkondonboek van Noord-Brabant tot 1312 (The Hague) (“Oorkondenboek Noord-Brabant”), II De heerlijkheden Breda en Bergen op Zoom, Eerste stuk, nr. 893, p. 29.

[1176] Saint-Génois, J. (1837) Histoire des Avoueries en Belgique (Brussels), p. 108, quoting Historia Affligemensis, m.s. Archives de St. Bavon à Gand.

[1177] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, XXIX, p. 46.

[1178] Andenne, Part I, 1, p. 1.

[1179] Schoolmeesters, E. & Bormans, S. ‘Notice d’un Cartulaire de l’ancienne église collégiale et archidiaconale de Notre-Dame, à Huy’, Compte rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d’Histoire ou Recueil de ses Bulletins, 4th series, Tome I (Brussels, 1873), V, p. 103.

[1180] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, XXXII, p. 52.

[1181] Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome II (Louvain, Brussels 1865), p. 6.

[1182] Saint-Trond, Tome I, XIX, p. 26.

[1183] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XLV, p. 276.

[1184] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, XXXV, p. 56.

[1185] Schoolmeesters & Bormans ‘Notre-Dame, à Huy’ (1873), VI, p. 108.

[1186] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, LXXXII, p. 92.

[1187] Patrologia Latina, Vol. 189, XIII, col. 1477.

[1188] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, LXXXII, p. 92.

[1189] Miraeus (1723), Tome II, XX, p. 818.

[1190] Schoolmeesters & Bormans ‘Notre-Dame, à Huy’ (1873), V, p. 103.

[1191] Veterum Scriptorum, Tome IV (1729), col. 1176.

[1192] Schoolmeesters & Bormans ‘Notre-Dame, à Huy’ (1873), VIII, p. 112.

[1193] Patrologia Latina, Vol. 189, XIII, col. 1477.

[1194] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, XXXIX, p. 63.

[1195] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, XXXVII, p. 376.

[1196] Chapeauville, J. (1613) Gesta Pontificum Leodiensium Scrip. (Liège), Tome II, Caput XVII, p. 597.

[1197] Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome I (Louvain, Brussels 1864), p. 360.

[1198] Patrologia Latina, Vol. 189, XIII, col. 1477.

[1199] Raemakers, F. J. E. ‘Notice historique sur l’église primaire de Saint-Sulpice à Diest’, Messager des Sciences historiques ou Archives des Arts et de la Bibliographie de Belgique, Vol. 33 (Gand, 1859), p. 30 footnote (1).

[1200] Devillers, L. (1865) Description analytique de cartulaires et de chartriers de Hainaut (Mons), Tome I, p. 68.

[1201] Ernst (1839), Tome III, p. 373, citing Miræus Opera diplomatica, Tome II, p. 1183.

[1202] Flône, XXXIII, p. 338.

[1203] Schoolmeesters & Bormans ‘Notre-Dame, à Huy’ (1873), XIV, p. 122.

[1204] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 505.

[1205] Roland, C. G. ‘Histoire généalogique de la maison de Rumigny-Florennes’, Annales de la Société Archéologique de Namur, Tome 19 (Namur, 1891), p. 158.

[1206] Chronicon Lamberti Parvi, a Reinerio Monacho Continuatum, 1207, Veterum Scriptorum, Tome V, p. 22.

[1207] Ernst (1839), Tome III (Liège), p. 373, citing Miræus Opera diplomatica, Tome II, p. 1183.

[1208] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, LIII, p. 89.

[1209] Ernst (1847), Tome VI, LXXVI, p. 164.

[1210] Ernst (1847), Tome VI, LXXXI, p. 167.

[1211] Vitæ Odiliæ Liber III de Triumpho S. Lamberti in Steppes, 3, MGH SS XXV, p. 175.

[1212] Chronicon Lamberti Parvi, a Reinerio Monacho Continuatum, 1207, Veterum Scriptorum, Tome V, p. 22.

[1213] Ernst (1839), Tome III, p. 373, citing Miræus Opera diplomatica, Tome II, p. 1183.

[1214] Vitæ Odiliæ Liber III de Triumpho S. Lamberti in Steppes, 3, MGH SS XXV, p. 175.

[1215] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 17.

[1216] Vitæ Odiliæ Liber III de Triumpho S. Lamberti in Steppes, 3, MGH SS XXV, p. 175.

[1217] Saint-Genois, J. de (1782) Monumens Anciens (Lille), Tome I, p. 550.

[1218] Vitæ Odiliæ Liber III de Triumpho S. Lamberti in Steppes, 3, MGH SS XXV, p. 175.

[1219] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 17.

[1220] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 17.

[1221] ES VII 95.

[1222] Ernst (1839), Tome III, p. 379, quoting Mémoires de M. Le Fort, Archives de la province de Liège.

[1223] Reiffenberg, Baron de (1844) Monuments pour servir à l’histoire des provinces de Namur, de Hainaut et de Luxembourg (Brussels), Tome I, Cartulaires de Hainaut, CX, p. 487.

[1224] Raymaekers, F. J. ‘Chronicon Diestense’, Compte rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d’Histoire ou Recueil de ses Bulletins, Series 3, Tome 2 (Brussels, 1861), p. 403.

[1225] Raymaekers ‘Chronicon Diestense’ (1861), p. 404.

[1226] Ernst (1839), Tome III, p. 379, quoting Kremer (1787) Academische Beiträger, p. 98.

[1227] Ernst (1839), Tome III, p. 379, quoting Kremer (1787) Academische Beiträger, p. 98.

[1228] Raymaekers ‘Chronicon Diestense’ (1861), XLV, p. 502.

[1229] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 61.

[1230] Hemricourt (1673), p. 67.

[1231] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 38.

[1232] Hemricourt (1673), p. 67.

[1233] Hemricourt (1673), p. 68.

[1234] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 61.

[1235] Ursel, Cte B. d’ ‘Donbelberg’, Le Parchemin, 359 (Sep-Oct 2005), p. 344.

[1236] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 78.

[1237] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 61.

[1238] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 61.

[1239] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 69-70.

[1240] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 61.

[1241] Poncelet, E. ‘Les Maréchaux d’armée de l’évêché de Liège’, Bulletin de l’Institut Archéologique Liégeois, Tome XXXII (Liège, 1902), p. 242.

[1242] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 61.

[1243] Hemricourt (1673), p. 70.

[1244] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 242.

[1245] Goethals (1859) Beaufort-Spontin, p. 127.

[1246] Thierry d’Orjo, by email dated 2 Jul 2019.

[1247] Ernst (1839), Tome III, p. 379, citing Saint-Genois Monumens anciens, Tome I, pp. 550, 596 and 780.

[1248] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 9-10.

[1249] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 87-8.

[1250] Hemricourt (1673), p. 89.

[1251] Hemricourt (1673), p. 90.

[1252] Hemricourt (1673), p. 90.

[1253] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 89-90.

[1254] Hemricourt (1673), p. 89.

[1255] Hemricourt (1673), p. 103.

[1256] Hemricourt (1673), p. 89.

[1257] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 105-10.

[1258] Hemricourt (1673), Commission…[de] la Paix, p. 365.

[1259] Wouters (1855) Duras, Annexes, 18, p. 104.

[1260] Wouters (1855) Duras, p. 54.

[1261] Hemricourt (1673), p. 32.

[1262] Hemricourt (1673), p. 103.

[1263] ES VI 16, and ES XVIII 16.

[1264] Hemricourt (1673), p. 104.

[1265] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 396, footnote 4, citing “Borman (1897) Ancien pays de Looz, pp. 32, 41”.

[1266] Val-Saint-Lambert Inventaire (1875), Tome I, 165, p. 59.

[1267] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 388, footnote 6.

[1268] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 319.

[1269] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 388, footnote 6.

[1270] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 388, footnote 6.

[1271] Val-Saint-Lambert Inventaire (1875), Tome I, 165, p. 59.

[1272] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 319.

[1273] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1274] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 388, footnote 6, citing “Bormans Cartulaire de Saint-Denis, no. 40”.

[1275] Saint-Trond, CCLV, p. 305.

[1276] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1277] Saint-Trond, CCLV, p. 305.

[1278] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 2, quoting “Cartulaire d’Averboden, fol. 278v”.

[1279] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1280] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1281] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 2, quoting “Cartulaire d’Averboden, fol. 278v”.

[1282] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1283] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1284] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1285] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 30.

[1286] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 1, quoting “Poncelet Fiefs 14”.

[1287] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1288] Dongelberghe (1690) Prœlium Woeringanum (Brussels), p. 130.

[1289] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 266-7.

[1290] Hemricourt (1673), p. 266.

[1291] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 396, footnote 7, no citation reference.

[1292] Hemricourt (1673), p. 267.

[1293] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 398, footnote 4, no citation reference.

[1294] Hemricourt (1673), p. 266.

[1295] Hemricourt (1673), p. 266.

[1296] Hemricourt (1673), p. 266.

[1297] Hemricourt (1673), p. 267.

[1298] Hemricourt (1673), p. 267.

[1299] Hemricourt (1673), p. 267.

[1300] Hemricourt (1673), p. 267.

[1301] Hemricourt (1673), p. 267.

[1302] Hemricourt (1673), p. 267.

[1303] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1304] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 2, quoting “Cartulaire d’Averboden, fol. 278v”.

[1305] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1306] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 30.

[1307] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1308] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 4, quoting “Charte d’Oriente, citée par De Raadt, III, 72”.

[1309] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 4, citing “Piot Namur, p. 215” and “De Raadt, III, 72”.

[1310] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 4, citing “Piot Namur, no. 880”.

[1311] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 4.

[1312] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1313] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 5, citing “De Borman Fiefs Looz, p. 99”.

[1314] Trazegnies (2018) Otton III, p. 64.

[1315] Trazegnies (2018) Otton III, p. 66, footnote 20 citing “A.E.N., fonds Jacquier de Rosée, no. 714, dossier Bois non paginé”.

[1316] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 5, no citation reference, but from the context another extract from “Piot Namur”.

[1317] Trazegnies (2018) Otton III, p. 66, footnote 20 citing “A.E.N., fonds Jacquier de Rosée, no. 714, dossier Bois non paginé”.

[1318] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 319, citing “Bormans Fiefs de Namur, I, pp. 164, 252, 308”.

[1319] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1320] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 4, citing “Piot Namur, no. 880”.

[1321] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 390, footnote 6 continued from p. 389, citing “De Raadt III 73”.

[1322] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1323] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 390, footnote 6 continued from p. 389, citing “De Raadt III 73”.

[1324] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1325] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1326] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 30.

[1327] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 31.

[1328] Hemricourt (1673), p. 262.

[1329] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 31.

[1330] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 389, footnote 4, quoting “Charte d’Oriente, citée par De Raadt, III, 72”.

[1331] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 325, footnote 3, citing “Naveau, p. 47”.

[1332] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 222-3.

[1333] Hemricourt (1673), p. 223.

[1334] Jalheau, C. F. (1791) Miroir des nobles de Hesbaye par Jacques de Hemricourt (Liège), p. 205.

[1335] Chartes de la famille de Reinach déposées aux archives du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (Luxembourg, 1877), (“Reinach (1877)”), 231, p. 38.

[1336] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel, p. 135.

[1337] Hemricourt (1673), Abrégé des Guerres d’Awans et de Waroux, p. 114.

[1338] Reinach (1877), 231, p. 38.

[1339] Trazegnies (2018) Otton III (IV), p. 24, no citation references.

[1340] Reinach (1877), 231, p. 38.

[1341] Hemricourt (1673), p. 223.

[1342] Thill ‘Oleye et Lantremenge’ (1982), p. 55, citing Cartulaire de l’Eglise Saint-Lambert, Tome VI, p. 110 [not yet consulted]. .

[1343] Jalheau (1791), p. 206.

[1344] Annuaire de la noblesse de Belgique (1868), p. 177.

[1345] Jalheau (1791), p. 206.

[1346] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 326, footnote 3, citing “De Troostembergh, M. (1902) L’Ancien pays de Looz, p. 23”.

[1347] Du Chesne (1631), Guines, Preuves, p. 565.

[1348] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 326, footnote 3, citing “De Troostembergh, M. (1902) L’Ancien pays de Looz, p. 23”.

[1349] Borman (1910), Tome I, pp. 326-7, footnote 3, citing “no. 41, fol. 68”.

[1350] Borman (1910), Tome I, pp. 326-7, footnote 3, citing “no. 41, fol. 68”.

[1351] Hemricourt (1673), p. 112.

[1352] Hemricourt (1673), p. 21.

[1353] Thill ‘Oleye et Lantremenge’ (1982), p. 55, citing Cartulaire de l’Eglise Saint-Lambert, Tome VI, p. 110 [not yet consulted]. .

[1354] Thill ‘Oleye et Lantremenge’ (1982), p. 55, citing Cartulaire de l’Eglise Saint-Lambert, Tome VI, p. 110 [not yet consulted]. .

[1355] Borman (1910), Tome I, pp. 326-7, footnote 3, citing “no. 41, fol. 68”.

[1356] Hemricourt (1673), p. 223.

[1357] Poncelet, E. ‘Les Maréchaux d’armée de l’évêché de Liège’, Bulletin de l’Institut archéologique liégeois, Tome XXXII (Liège, 1902), pp. 236-7.

[1358] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 223-4.

[1359] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 320, no source citation.

[1360] Hemricourt (1673), p. 224.

[1361] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 320, no source citation.

[1362] Hemricourt (1673), p. 224.

[1363] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 328, footnote 5.

[1364] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 328, footnote 5, citing “Reg. 41, fol. 3v”.

[1365] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 328, footnote 5.

[1366] Hemricourt (1673), p. 223.

[1367] Hemricourt (1673), p. 223.

[1368] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 320, no source citation.

[1369] Hemricourt (1673), p. 223.

[1370] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 91, 99.

[1371] Hemricourt (1673), p. 99.

[1372] Hemricourt (1673), p. 99.

[1373] Hemricourt (1673), p. 21.

[1374] Hemricourt (1673), p. 21.

[1375] Hemricourt (1673), p. 21.

[1376] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 21-2.

[1377] Hemricourt (1673), p. 22.

[1378] Galesloot, L. (1870) Inventaire des archives de la cour féodale de Brabant, Vol. I (Bruxelles), Registres dits Leenbrieven, Fol. 210v, p. 165.

[1379] Butkens (1724), Vol. II, p. 212.

[1380] Hemricourt (1673), p. 21.

[1381] Hemricourt (1673), p. 72.

[1382] Hemricourt (1673), p. 21.

[1383] Hemricourt (1673), p. 99.

[1384] Hemricourt (1673), p. 134.

[1385] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 6-8.

[1386] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 8-9.

[1387] Hemricourt (1673), p. 9.

[1388] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 9-10.

[1389] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 9-10, 66-80.

[1390] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 9-10, 81-6.

[1391] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 9-10.

[1392] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 9-10, 111.

[1393] Hemricourt (1673), p. 9.

[1394] Hemricourt (1673), p. 9.

[1395] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 8-9, 138-46.

[1396] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, LIII, p. 89.

[1397] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, LVIII, p. 96.

[1398] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, LXII, p. 103.

[1399] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, LXXII, p. 117.

[1400] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, LVIII, p. 96.

[1401] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, LXII, p. 103.

[1402] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 9-10.

[1403] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 131.

[1404] Hemricourt (1673), p. 11.

[1405] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, CCLXXV, p. 350.

[1406] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 6.

[1407] Hemricourt (1673), p. 11.

[1408] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1409] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 12, 15-16.

[1410] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1411] Flône, XCIII, p. 397.

[1412] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 11-12.

[1413] Thimister, C. J. (1878) Cartulaire ou recueil de chartes et documents inédits de l’église collégiale de Saint-Paul (Liège), p. 107.

[1414] Hemricourt (1673), p. 11.

[1415] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 6.

[1416] Hemricourt (1673), p. 43-4.

[1417] Hemricourt (1673), p. 43-4.

[1418] Hemricourt (1673), p. 11.

[1419] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 11, 13, 45-58.

[1420] Hemricourt (1673), p. 59.

[1421] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 59-66.

[1422] Hemricourt (1673), p. 11.

[1423] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1424] Thimister (1878) Liège Saint-Paul, p. 107.

[1425] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 38.

[1426] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1427] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1428] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1429] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 12, 20.

[1430] Hemricourt (1673), Commission…[de] la Paix, p. 365.

[1431] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1432] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 31.

[1433] Hemricourt (1673), Acte de la Paix des douze de l’Evesché de Liege, p. 366.

[1434] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 22-3.

[1435] Hemricourt (1673), p. 21.

[1436] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 21, 23-4.

[1437] Hemricourt (1673), p. 21.

[1438] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1439] Hemricourt (1673), p. 28.

[1440] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 28-9.

[1441] Hemricourt (1673), p. 28.

[1442] Hemricourt (1673), p. 28.

[1443] Hemricourt (1673), p. 28.

[1444] Hemricourt (1673), p. 28.

[1445] Hemricourt (1673), p. 28.

[1446] Hemricourt (1673), p. 28.

[1447] Hemricourt (1673), p. 28.

[1448] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1449] Hemricourt (1673), p. 29.

[1450] Hemricourt (1673), p. 29.

[1451] Hemricourt (1673), p. 29.

[1452] Hemricourt (1673), p. 29.

[1453] Hemricourt (1673), p. 29.

[1454] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1455] Hemricourt (1673), p. 30.

[1456] Hemricourt (1673), p. 29.

[1457] Hemricourt (1673), p. 29.

[1458] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), p. 246.

[1459] Poncelet ‘Les Maréchaux de Liège’ (1902), pp. 248-9, and Hemricourt (1673), p. 29.

[1460] Hemricourt (1673), p. 29.

[1461] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1462] Hemricourt (1673), p. 30.

[1463] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1464] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 12, 30-2.

[1465] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1466] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 12, 33-5.

[1467] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1468] Hemricourt (1673), p. 36.

[1469] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1470] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 37-9.

[1471] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1472] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 39-40.

[1473] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1474] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 12, 40-1.

[1475] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12, 42.

[1476] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12, 42.

[1477] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1478] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1479] Hemricourt (1673), p. 12.

[1480] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, pp. 194-5.

[1481] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 164.

[1482] D LK 18, p. 122.

[1483] D LK 57, p. 183.

[1484] Reginonis Chronicon 898, MGH SS I, p. 608.

[1485] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, X, p. 14.

[1486] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 164.

[1487] Widukindi Liber II, 23, MGH SS III, p. 444.

[1488] D O I 66, p. 146.

[1489] D O I 194, p. 275.

[1490] D O I 316, p. 429.

[1491] Widukindi Liber II, 28, MGH SS III, p. 444.

[1492] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 138.

[1493] Vanderkindere ‘A propos d’une charte de Baldéric d’Utrecht’ (1900), p. 49, and Table II, p. 53.

[1494] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, Pars IV, V, p. 505.

[1495] Lancaster ‘First Counts of Loon’ (2022), p. 72.

[1496] Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium I.95, MGH SS VII, p. 439.

[1497] D O I 291, p. 408.

[1498] D O I 316, p. 429.

[1499] D O I 426, p. 579.

[1500] D O I 428, p. 581.

[1501] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 165.

[1502] D H III, 74, p. 98.

[1503] D H III 94, p. 120.

[1504] D H IV 50, p. 65.

[1505] D H IV 254, p. 323.

[1506] Poswick, E. (1905) Histoire de la seigneurie libre et impériale d’Argenteau (Brussels), pp. 3-4, citing Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, XXIV, p. 34.

[1507] Poswick (1905), pp. 179-206.

[1508] Poswick (1905), p. 3, citing “Cartulaire de l’église de Florennes, fol. 13; manuscrit du XVIIe siécle”.

[1509] Poswick (1905), p. 4, citing “Cartulaire de Saint-Laurent, t. I, fol. ix, au Séminaire de Liège”, and Pièces justificatives, II, p. 210.

[1510] Poswick (1905), p. 7, footnote (5).

[1511] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, LXXX, p. 689.

[1512] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, Caput XV, p. 514.

[1513] Foppens (1748), Tome IV, Caput XXXIV, p. 372.

[1514] Poswick (1905), p. 10, citing “Cartulaire de Bonne-Espérance, t. VIII, fol. 49, au séminaire de ce nom, province de Hainaut”.

[1515] Poswick (1905), pp. 10-11.

[1516] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, LX, p. 100.

[1517] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, LXXII, p. 117.

[1518] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, CVIII, p. 169.

[1519] Poswick (1905), pp. 11-12, citing “Jean d’Outremeuse Ly mireur des histors, t. V, pp. 78, 87, 89, 92”.

[1520] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 81, p. 45.

[1521] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 110, p. 60.

[1522] Poswick (1905), pp. 12-13, citing “Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Grandpré, t. I, pp. 4, 5, 6, 15”.

[1523] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, CXLV, p. 209.

[1524] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome I, CCII, p. 265.

[1525] Poswick (1905), p. 14, citing “Jean d’Outremeuse Ly mireur des histors, t. V, p. 227”.

[1526] Poswick (1905), p. 14.

[1527] Poswick (1905), Pièces justificatives, IV, p. 212.

[1528] Poswick (1905), p. 13, citing “Daris Notices sur les églises, t. IV, p. 94; Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Herckenrode, t. I, fol. 83”.

[1529] Val-Saint-Lambert Inventaire (1875), Tome I, 127, p. 46.

[1530] Ernst (1806) Tableau, p. xiii.

[1531] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 82.

[1532] Poswick (1905), p. 14, citing “Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Grandpré, t. I, p. 35”, p. 16, citing the same pp. 31, 32, Pièces justificatives, VI, p. 213.

[1533] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome II, DLXXXII, p. 135.

[1534] Poswick (1905), p. 17, citing “Cartulaire de Saint-Feuillen au Rœulx, p. 259, aux archives générales du Royaume”.

[1535] Bibliothèque de la Faculté de Philosophie et lettres de l’université de Liège, Fascicule V, Delescluse, A. & Brouwers, D. (1900) Catalogue des actes de Henri de Gueldre Prince-évêque de Liège (Brussels), 139, p. 393.

[1536] Analectes pour servir à l’Histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, Tome IX (1872), Documents concernant la paroisse de Thiméon extraits du cartulaire de Floreffe, XI, p. 272.

[1537] Analectes, Tome IX (1872), Floreffe, XII, XIII, XIV, pp. 272, 273, 274.

[1538] Delescluse & Brouwers (1900), 139, p. 393.

[1539] Analectes, Tome IX (1872), Floreffe, XI, p. 272.

[1540] Analectes, Tome IX (1872), Floreffe, XII, XIII, XIV, pp. 272, 273, 274.

[1541] Delescluse & Brouwers (1900), 139, p. 393.

[1542] Delescluse & Brouwers (1900), 139, p. 393.

[1543] Analectes, Tome IX (1872), Floreffe, XI, p. 272.

[1544] Poswick (1905), p. 18.

[1545] Poswick (1905), p. 17, citing “Cartulaire de Saint-Feuillen au Rœulx, p. 259, aux archives générales du Royaume”.

[1546] Delescluse & Brouwers (1900), 139, p. 393.

[1547] Poswick (1905), p. 18.

[1548] Borman & Poncelet (1925), Tome II, p. 139.

[1549] Delescluse & Brouwers (1900), 139, p. 393.

[1550] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome II, DCCXXI, p. 333.

[1551] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 90, 101.

[1552] Hemricourt (1673), p. 101.

[1553] Poswick (1905), pp. 19-20.

[1554] Poswick (1905), p. 22.

[1555] Hemricourt (1673), pp. 101, 151.

[1556] Hemricourt (1673), p. 151.

[1557] Hemricourt (1673), p. 151.

[1558] Poswick (1905), pp. 20-1.

[1559] Hemricourt (1673), p. 151.

[1560] Hemricourt (1673), p. 151.

[1561] Ernst (1806) Tableau, p. xvii, footnote (2).

[1562] Hemricourt (1673), p. 23.

[1563] Hemricourt (1673), p. 151.

[1564] Ernst (1806) Tableau, p. xvii, footnote (2).

[1565] Hemricourt (1673), p. 49.

[1566] Ernst (1806) Tableau, p. xvii.

[1567] Hemricourt (1673), p. 151.

[1568] Hemricourt (1673), p. 101.

[1569] Bärsch, G. (1852) Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel von Johann Friedrich Schannat, Band III, Erste Abtheilung, Erster Abschnitt (Aachen, Leipzig), pp. 41-38.

[1570] Hemricourt (1673), p. 101.

[1571] Hemricourt (1673), p. 151.

[1572] Poswick (1905), pp. 22-8.

[1573] Hemricourt (1673), p. 26.

[1574] Hemricourt (1673), p. 26.

[1575] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome IV, MDXXXVIII, p. 325.

[1576] Hemricourt (1673), p. 26.

[1577] Poswick (1905), p. 29.

[1578] Ernst (1806) Tableau, p. xxi.

[1579] Hemricourt (1673), p. 27.

[1580] Poswick (1905), p. 29, citing Chestret de Haneffe, J. (1875) Histoire de la seigneurie impériale de Gronsveld (Ruremonde), p. 27, and “Cartulaire de Houffalise”.

[1581] Ernst (1806) Tableau, p. xxi.

[1582] Hemricourt (1673), p. 27.

[1583] Poswick (1905), p. 29.

[1584] Poswick (1905), p. 29.

[1585] Poswick (1905), p. 29.

[1586] Hemricourt (1673), p. 27.

[1587] Franquinet, G. D. (1874) Les Schoonvorst d’après des documents inédits (Ruremonde), Annexes, VIII, p. 80.

[1588] Hemricourt (1673), p. 26.

[1589] Liège Saint-Lambert, Tome IV, MCCCCXVI, p. 177.

[1590] Ernst (1806) Tableau, p. xxii.

[1591] Val-Saint-Lambert Inventaire (1875), Tome I, 629, p. 236.

[1592] Hemricourt (1673), p. 27.

[1593] Laurent, C. ‘Houffalize et ses anciens seigneurs’, Institut archéologique de Luxembourg, Annales, Tome XIV, 28 fasc. (Arlon, 1882) (“Laurent ‘Houffalize’ (1882)”), 170, p. 66.

[1594] Laurent ‘Houffalize’ (1882), 177, p. 67.

[1595] Barthélemy, E. de (1879) Analyse du cartulaire de l’abbaye de Foigny (Vervins), DCC, p. 116.

[1596] Hemricourt (1673), p. 27.

[1597] Hemricourt (1673), p. 27.

[1598] Hemricourt (1673), p. 26.

[1599] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 34, footnote 5, citing “Chartrier de Saint Mathieu à la Chaine”.

[1600] Poswick (1905), p. 30.

[1601] Hemricourt (1673), p. 26.

[1602] Borman (1910), Tome I, p. 34, footnote 5, citing “Chartrier de Saint Mathieu à la Chaine”.

[1603] Poswick (1905), p. 30.

[1604] Hemricourt (1673), p. 27.

[1605] Laurent ‘Houffalize’ (1882), p. 72.

[1606] Poswick (1905), Pièces justificatives, XII, p. 217.

[1607] De Raadt, J. T. (1898) Sceaux armories des Pays-Bas et des pays avoisinants, Vol. I, p. 179.

[1608] Clervaux (1883), 621, p. 121.

[1609] Poswick (1905), pp. 32-3.

[1610] Hemricourt (1673), p. 27.

[1611] Poswick (1905), p. 33.

[1612] Poswick (1905), pp. 34-.

[1613] Poswick (1905), p. 34.

[1614] Poswick (1905), pp. 38-52, extinct in the senior male line 11 Aug 1590.

[1615] Poswick (1905), pp. 85-108, extinct in the senior male line 26 Apr 1742.

[1616] Poswick (1905), pp. 109-62, extinct in the male line 2 May 1888.

[1617] Poswick (1905), pp. 177-62, extinct in the male line after 7 Jul 1614.

[1618] Clervaux (1883), 895, p. 175.

[1619] Clervaux (1883), 1138, p. 237.

[1620] Poswick (1905), p. 33.

[1621] Clervaux (1883), 850, p. 166.

[1622] Poswick (1905), pp. 33-4.

[1623] Poswick (1905), p. 33.

[1624] Poswick (1905), p. 34.

[1625] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, pp. 194-5.

[1626] Scholz, B. W. with Rogers, B. (2000) Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories (University of Michigan Press) (“Nithard (2000)”), p. 205, footnote 4.

[1627] Nithard (2000), p. 205, footnote 4.

[1628] Nithard (2000), p. 143.

[1629] Nithard (2000), p. 205, footnote 4.

[1630] Nithard (2000), p. 205, footnote 5.

[1631] Nithard (2000), II.2, p. 143, Latin quotes from Nithardi Historiarum, II. 2, MGH SS II, p. 656. .

[1632] Nithard. (2000), III.2, p. 158, Latin quotes from Nithardi Historiarum, III. 2, MGH SS II, p. 663.

[1633] Annales Fuldensium Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 846, MGH SS I, p. 364.

[1634] Annales Fuldensium Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 848, MGH SS I, p. 365.

[1635] Adnuntatio domni Karoli, MGH LL 1, p. 469.

[1636] Chronicon Laureshamense, MGH SS XXI, p. 370.

[1637] Karoli II Imp. Conventus Carisiacensis, MGH LL 1, p. 537.

[1638] D Karl 130, p. 208, headed "verunechtet" in the compilation.

[1639] Gesta quorundam regum Francorum 846, MGH SS I, p. 364.

[1640] Annales Fuldensium Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 846, MGH SS I, p. 364.

[1641] Annales Mettenses, RHGF VII, p. 186.

[1642] Settipani, C. and Kerrebrouck, P. van (1993) La préhistoire des Capétiens 481-987, 1ère partie, Mérovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens (Villeneuve d'Ascq), p. 264.

[1643] Rösch (1977), p. 89.

[1644] Iacobi de Guisia Annales Hanoniæ XIV.X and XIV.XVI, MGH SS XXX Part 1, pp. 172 and 174.

[1645] Stavelot 60, p. 142.

[1646] Iacobi de Guisia Annales Hanoniæ VIII.XII and XIII.XXXIX, MGH SS XXX Part 1, pp. 114 and 163.

[1647] Iacobi de Guisia Annales Hanoniæ XIV.X and XIV.XVI, MGH SS XXX Part 1, pp. 172 and 174.

[1648] Willelmi Gemmetensis monachi Historiæ Normannorum, Du Chesne, A. (1619) Historiæ Normannorum Scriptores Antiqui (Paris) (“Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619)”), Liber II, VIII, p. 226.

[1649] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 998, MGH SS XXIII, p. 749.

[1650] Karoli II Imp. Conventus Carisiacensis, MGH LL 1, p. 537.

[1651] Calmet (1748), Tome II, Preuves, col. cxliv.

[1652] Annales Vedastini 895, MGH SS I p. 529.

[1653] Breve Chronicon Epternacense, Veterum Scriptorum IV, cols. 507 and 509.

[1654] Reginonis Chronicon 898, MGH SS I, p. 608.

[1655] D LK 16, p. 119.

[1656] D LK 50, p. 174.

[1657] D LK 57, p. 183.

[1658] Veterum Scriptorum II, p. 38.

[1659] Richer I.XXXIV, p. 70.

[1660] Calmet (1748), Tome II, Preuves, col. cxliv.

[1661] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XXXVII, p. 48.

[1662] Rösch (1977), p. 108.

[1663] WJ II.8, p. 40.

[1664] Richer I.XXXIV, p. 70.

[1665] Ex Sigehardi Miraculis S. Maximini 11, MGH SS IV, p. 231.

[1666] McKitterick (1983), p. 309.

[1667] Flodoard 920, MGH SS III, p. 369.

[1668] Breve Chronicon Epternacense, Veterum Scriptorum IV, col. 507.

[1669] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 159, p. 222.

[1670] Fuhrmann, H., trans. Reuter, T. (1995) Germany in the high middle ages c.1050-1200 (Cambridge University Press), p. 140.

[1671] Richeri Historiæ I, 39, MGH SS III, p. 580.

[1672] Widukindi I, 30, MGH SS III, p. 430.

[1673] Flodoardi Annales 924, MGH SS III, p. 373.

[1674] Reuter, T. (1991) Germany in the early middle ages c.800-1056 (Longman), pp. 140-1.

[1675] Liudprandi Antapodosis IV.20, MGH SS III, p. 321.

[1676] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 169, p. 233.

[1677] D H I 30, p. 65.

[1678] Thietmar 2.34, p. 117.

[1679] Flodoardi Annales 939, MGH SS III, p. 386.

[1680] Reginonis Chronicon, Continuator Reginonis Trevirensis 939, MGH SS I, p. 618.

[1681] Richer I.XXXV, p. 70.

[1682] Liudprandi Antapodosis IV.20, MGH SS III, p. 321.

[1683] Flodoard 939, MGH SS III, p. 386.

[1684] Settipani (1993), p. 330.

[1685] Miraeus (1723), Tome I, XXXVII, p. 48.

[1686] Flodoard Addit codex 1 (inserted after 966), MGH SS III, p. 407.

[1687] RHGF, Tome IX, p. 105.

[1688] Bouchard, C. B. (1987) Sword, Miter, and Cloister: Nobility and the Church in Burgundy 980-1198 (Cornell University Press), p. 169.

[1689] Siegfried of Gorze, letter to Poppo of Stablo, in Gisebrecht, W. von (ed.) (1885) Geschichte der deutschen Kaizerseit, 5^th ed., II (Leipzig), pp. 714-8, cited in Bouchard (1987), p. 269, the author highlighting the absence of sources which name her husband.

[1690] Hlawitschka, E. (ed.) (1970) Liber Memorialis von Remiremont (Berlin, MGH), p. 9, Hlawitschka (1969), p. 57, suggesting the estimated date.

[1691] Acta Concilii Remensis ad Sanctum Basolum, auctore Gerberto Archiepiscopo 9, MGH SS III, p. 661.

[1692] Liber Memorialis von Remiremont, p. 9, Hlawitschka (1969), p. 57, suggesting the estimated date.

[1693] Widukindi Res Gestæ Saxonicæ II.33, MGH SS III, p. 447.

[1694] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Eglise cathedrale de Paris, p. 1015.

[1695] Iacobi de Guisia Annales Hanoniæ VIII.XII, MGH SS XXX Part 1, p. 114.

[1696] Iacobi de Guisia Annales Hanoniæ VIII.XII, MGH SS XXX Part 1, p. 114.

[1697] D O I 111, p. 194.

[1698] Flodoardi Annales 944, MGH SS III, p. 390.

[1699] D O I 111, p. 194.

[1700] D O I 128, p. 209.

[1701] D O I 154, p. 235.

[1702] D O I 318, p. 432.

[1703] D O I 316, p. 429.

[1704] Flodoardi Annales 924, MGH SS III, p. 373.

[1705] Van den Bergh, L. P. C. (1852) Handboek der Middel-Nederlandsche Geographie (Leiden), p. 205.

[1706] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 277.

[1707] ES I.2 200.

[1708] Köln Quellen, Band I, 10, p. 462.

[1709] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 248, quoting Lacomblet IV, no. 604.

[1710] D O I 85, p. 166.

[1711] D O I 89, p. 171.

[1712] D O I 93, p. 175.

[1713] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 248, and Köln Quellen, Band I, 11, p. 464.

[1714] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, p. 194.

[1715] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 243.

[1716] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 299, p. 195.

[1717] ES I.2 200.

[1718] Köln Quellen, Band I, 10, p. 462.

[1719] Niederrheinisches Urkundenbuch IV, 604, p. 761.

[1720] D O I 85, p. 166.

[1721] D O I 89, p. 171.

[1722] D O I 93, p. 175.

[1723] Vanderkindere (1902), Tome II, p. 248, and Köln Quellen, Band I, 11, p. 464.

[1724] Veterum Scriptorum II, pp. 46-7.

[1725] D O I 316, p. 429.

[1726] Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium I.95, MGH SS VII, p. 439.

[1727] Sigeberti Chronica 973, MGH SS VI, p. 351.

[1728] Thietmari Chronicon VII, 32, MGH SS III, p. 851.

[1729] Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium I.95, MGH SS VII, p. 439.

[1730] Sigeberti Chronica 973, MGH SS VI, p. 351.

[1731] Thietmari Chronicon VII, 32, MGH SS III, p. 851.

[1732] Ernst (1847) Vol. VI, XXII, p. 107.

[1733] Annalen des historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein, VIII (Köln, 1860), Necrologium Sigebergense, p. 223.

[1734] Lacomblet, T. J. (1857) Archiv für die Geschichte des Niederrheins (Düsseldorf), Band II, p. 50.

[1735] D H IV 471, p. 639.

[1736] Annalen des historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein, VIII (Köln, 1860), Necrologium Sigebergense, p. 223.

[1737] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 202, p. 129.

[1738] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 203, p. 130.

[1739] D H IV 471, p. 639.

[1740] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 324, p. 377.

[1741] Ex Vita Wolfhelmi Abb. Brunwilarensis 2, MGH SS XII, p. 182.

[1742] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 182, p. 113.

[1743] D H III 273, p. 370.

[1744] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 186, p. 117.

[1745] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 189, p. 121.

[1746] Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus, Theil I, 56, p. 130.

[1747] Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus, Theil I, 62, p. 141.

[1748] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 203, p. 130.

[1749] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 225, p. 146.

[1750] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 228, p. 147.

[1751] Ex Vita Wolfhelmi Abb. Brunwilarensis 2, MGH SS XII, p. 182.

[1752] Ex Vita Wolfhelmi Abb. Brunwilarensis 25, MGH SS XII, p. 190.

[1753] Ex Vita Wolfhelmi Abb. Brunwilarensis 2, MGH SS XII, p. 182.

[1754] Ex Vita Wolfhelmi Abb. Brunwilarensis 35, MGH SS XII, p. 194.

[1755] Ex Vita Wolfhelmi Abb. Brunwilarensis 25, MGH SS XII, p. 190.

[1756] Ex Vita Wolfhelmi Abb. Brunwilarensis 25, MGH SS XII, p. 190.

[1757] Ex Vita Wolfhelmi Abb. Brunwilarensis 7, MGH SS XII, p. 184.

[1758] Annales Colonienses Maximi, 1052, MGH SS XVII, pp. 742-3.

[1759] Annales Colonienses Maximi, 1066, MGH SS XVII, p. 743.

[1760] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 263, p. 170.

[1761] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 324, p. 215.

[1762] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 328, p. 218.

[1763] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 336, p. 225.

[1764] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 415, p. 286.