During the 9th to 11th centuries, the territory of the future kingdom of Aragon included the counties of Pallars (Chapter 2) and Ribagorza (Chapter 3), as well as the county of Aragon itself (see the document ARAGON KINGS). Rudimentary genealogies of the three comital families are included in the collection of documents known as the Codex de Roda, written in Navarre in the late 10th century[1]. Each county was autonomous. It is unclear whether any or all of these counties formed part of the so-called "March of Spain" which was established by the Carolingian Frankish monarchs in the early 9th century in the area which later developed into Catalonia (see the document CATALONIA). This document also sets out a small amount of information on the Condes de Bailo (Chapter 1) and the vizcondes de Villamur in the late 12th century (Chapter 2.D).

The process which led to the eventual unification of these counties into the kingdom of Aragon started in [1018] when Sancho III "el Mayor" King of Navarre occupied Ribagorza as part of his territorial expansion. On his death in 1035, his sons shared their father's territories. His son Ramiro was installed as king of Aragon, while Gonzalo was king of Ribagorza and Sobrarbe. Ramiro defeated his brother Gonzalo in 1045 and annexed his territories to the kingdom of Aragon, whose boundaries were henceforth relatively stable. The 11th and 12th century nobility of the kingdom of Aragon is named in charter subscriptions and dating clauses, set out in Chapter 5.A of the present document. It is extremely difficult to reconstruct noble families successfully for that period as the evidence to prove the inheritance of tenencias within the same families is lacking. It is likely that many of these early nobles were descended from the noble families in Navarre (see the document NAVARRE NOBILITY) but the documentation is not sufficiently explicit to enable links to be made. The multiplication of the number of tenencias granted by the kings of Aragon during the period of unification of the crowns of Aragon and Navarre between 1076 and 1134 enabled many other noble families in Aragon to establish themselves[2]. This document includes some information on the families of Azagra, Luna and Pimentel (Chapter 5), although this is far from complete. Other families included Alagón, Azlor, Bardaxi, Calasanz, Cornel, Eril, Fortuñones, Galíndez, Jiménez de Urrea, Lizana and Urrea, about which no information has yet been collected. In addition, several of the younger branches of the family of the kings of Aragon established themselves as nobility based in Aragon (Chapter 4).

Chapter 1. CONDES de BAILO

According to Jaurgain, Bailo (which he calls "Buil") was conquered from the Moors in the 830s, around the same time that "Aznar Sancho Comte de Gascogne" conquered Jaca[3]. The names of this family suggest a close relationship with the early dukes of Gascony (see the document GASCONY) but the precise relationship cannot be ascertained from the limited amount of information which is contained in the surviving primary sources.

DONAT, son of --- . His name is known only from the patronymic attributed to his son. According to Jaurgain, he was the son of Loup Duke of Gascony but he cites no primary source on which this is based and it appears to be no more than a guess[4].

m ---. The name of Donat´s wife is not known.

Donat & his wife had one child:

1. DATO Donat (-[833/46])). "Dato Donati comite, Garsia vice comite, Galindo Azenarii" subscribed the charter dated Oct [833] under which "Azenario Sancius comes" instructed two priests "Aldaire et Dolgrin" to restore "la terre de Cazaux" to the abbey of Pessan[5]. Jaurgain states that "Dato Donati comite" who subscribed this charter was not the son of Donat Loup Comte de Bigorre[6]. He does not cite the primary source on which he bases this assertion, although it is true that from a chronological point of view it seems unlikely that they were the same person. Conde. m ---. The name of Dato´s wife is not known. Dato & his wife had one child:

a) [GARCIA Dato (after Jan [846]). "Garsiano comite, Garcia-Dat, Azenario vicecomite, Sancho-Atilio" subscribed the charter dated Jan [846] under which "Dolgrin" donated "la terre de Cazaux" to the abbey of Pessan, for the soul of "Aner Sancio comite"[7]. His patronymic, as well as the chronology, suggests that Garcia was the son of Dato Donat, but this is not stated directly in any of the primary sources consulted.]

2. GARCIA . Conde de Bailo. The chronology of the his daughter´s husband´s family suggests that Garcia must have count in the early 10th century. He could not therefore have been the same person as Garcia Dato (see above). m ---. The name of Garcia´s wife is not known. Garcia & his wife had one child:

a) QUIXILO . The Codex de Roda names "domna Quissilo filia de domno Garsea comitis Bagilliensis" as wife of "Sanzio Scemonis"[8]. m SANCHO Jiménez, son of JIMENO García de Pamplona & his wife Sancha Aznárez.

Chapter 2. CONDES de PALLARS

A. CONDES de PALLARS, CONDES de PALLARS-JUSSÀ

The county of Pallars lay to the east of the county of Ribagorza and west of the county of Urgel, in the north-eastern part of what is today the autonomous region of Aragon in Spain. The earliest references to “comitatu Paliarense” occur in charters dated between 849 and 871, which record donations made and privileges granted to the monasteries of Villanova Gerri, Burgal and Alaon by counts who were also counts of Toulouse (Fredelon, Raymond [I] and Bernard - see the document TOULOUSE, KINGS, DUKES & COUNTS)[9]. It is assumed therefore that Pallars at that time formed part of the county of Toulouse and was not ruled by its own counts. Some time towards the end of the 9th century, the county of Pallars was conquered by the Moors: the 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, records that “Bernardus comes...Ripacurcensis...cum Ato episcopus frater eius” expelled (“expulit”) “Mauros...de Ripacurciensi” that they may expel them “de Paliarensi terra” (“expulliset”)[10]. Thereafter the territory of Pallars was incorporated into Ribagorza and ruled by Raimundo [I] Conde de Ribagorza (see below, Chapter 3). The county was granted to Raimundo [I]´s younger son Isarn ("Domnus Isarnus comes et marchio…in Paliarensis" is first named in a charter dated to [945][11]) and eventually inherited by Isarn´s younger brother Lope with whose descendants it remained for several centuries. The reference to French kings in the dating clauses of the charters of Santa María de Gerri, dated between the early 11th and the late 13th centuries, indicate that the county of Pallars was under the suzerainty of France throughout that period[12].

1. ISARN [Aznar], son of RAIMUNDO [I] Conde de Ribagorza & his wife --- (-after 13 Sep 953). The Codex de Roda names "Uernardo et domno Miro ac domno Lope seu domno Ysarno [Aznarium]" as the children of "Regemondo" and his wife, recording that Isarn was captured "in Tutela" and released by "rex Sanzio Garseanis"[13]. Conde de Pallars. "Domnus Isarnus comes et marchio…in Paliarensis" founded the monastery of Burgals, with the consent of "fratrum meorum sive filiis", and offered "filia mea…Ermengarde" as a nun, by charter dated to [945][14]. “Isarnus comes et uxor mea Adalizis comitissa et filius meus Guilelmus comes” donated “Alodio de Sesui cum ecclesia...Sancti Licerii...et...vineam que fuit Raimundi patris mei” to the monastery of Gerri by charter dated 13 Sep 947[15]. "Soniarius comes" donated property to the monastery of Grasse by charter dated 30 Jun 953, witnessed by "Isarni comitis…"[16]. The testament of "Isarnus...comes Paliarensis et marchio", dated 13 Sep 953, bequeathes property to "fratris meo Otto episcopo" and to “Sanctæ Mariæ et Sancti Vincentii Gerrensis cœnobii...cum consilio...Sinegentis comtissæ”, and places “filiam meam Ermengarde in mudeburdo Sanctæ Mariæ Gerrensis et Sancti Vincentii”, signed by “Isarni comitis, Attonis episcopi, Adalpis, Ennecone, Asnero Galindes, Gimerane”[17]. m firstly ADELASIA, daughter of --- (-after 13 Sep 947). “Isarnus comes et uxor mea Adalizis comitissa et filius meus Guilelmus comes” donated “Alodio de Sesui cum ecclesia...Sancti Licerii...et...vineam que fuit Raimundi patris mei” to the monastery of Gerri by charter dated 13 Sep 947[18]. m secondly SENEGUNDIS, daughter of --- (-after 13 Sep 953). The testament of "Isarnus...comes Paliarensis et marchio", dated 13 Sep 953, bequeathes property to "fratris meo Otto episcopo" and to “Sanctæ Mariæ et Sancti Vincentii Gerrensis cœnobii...cum consilio...Sinegentis comtissæ”, and places “filiam meam Ermengarde in mudeburdo Sanctæ Mariæ Gerrensis et Sancti Vincentii”, signed by “Isarni comitis, Attonis episcopi, Adalpis, Ennecone, Asnero Galindes, Gimerane”[19]. Jaurgain suggests that the signatory “Adalpis” was “Adalais”, indicating Isarn´s wife who is named in the 13 Sep 947 document[20]. He assumes therefore that Isarn married only once, that “Sinegentis” was a nickname given to Adelasia because she was childless, and that Isarn´s daughter Ermengarda was born from an earlier otherwise unrecorded marriage. The name “Senegundis/Sénégonde” was, however, not unusual in southern France at the time (see for example the mother of Raymond [I] Comte de Toulouse), suggesting that Jaurgain´s hypothesis may not be correct. Lacarra hypothesises that Isarn´s wife was GUINIGUENTES, daughter of AZNAR Dato & his wife ---. The Codex de Roda records that “Regemondo accepit uxor ---“ and lists as their children “Uernardo, et domno Miro, ac domno Lope, seu domno Ysarno...”; the following sentence records that "Istius uxor domna Giniguentes Asnari Datus filia fuit"[21]. Lacarra suggests that, if Conde Raimundo was the husband of “Giniguentes”, her name would have followed his in the first sentence and that it is a reasonable interpretation that the second sentence relates to the wife of Isarn, particularly because “Giniguentes” is so similar to “Sinegentis”[22]. Isarn & his first wife had two children:

a) GUILLERMO (-before 13 Sep 953). Conde [de Pallars]. “Isarnus comes et uxor mea Adalizis comitissa et filius meus Guilelmus comes” donated “Alodio de Sesui cum ecclesia...Sancti Licerii...et...vineam que fuit Raimundi patris mei” to the monastery of Gerri by charter dated 13 Sep 947[23].

b) ERMENGARDA (-after 13 Feb 953). "Domnus Isarnus comes et marchio…in Paliarensis" founded the monastery of Burgals, with the consent of "fratrum meorum sive filiis", and offered "filia mea…Ermengarde" as a nun, by charter dated to [945][24]. Abbess of San Pedro de Burgals. "Ermengardis abbatissa" donated property "in comitatu Palierense infra terminus de valle Anabi" to the monastery of Grasse, for the souls of "…fratri meo Wilgelmo comite", by charter dated 24 Oct 950[25]. The testament of "Isarnus...comes Paliarensis et marchio", dated 13 Sep 953, bequeathes property to "fratris meo Otto episcopo" and to “Sanctæ Mariæ et Sancti Vincentii Gerrensis cœnobii...cum consilio...Sinegentis comtissæ”, and places “filiam meam Ermengarde in mudeburdo Sanctæ Mariæ Gerrensis et Sancti Vincentii”[26].

2. LOPE, son of RAIMUNDO [I] Conde de Ribagorza & his wife --- (-after 947). The Codex de Roda names "Uernardo et domno Miro ac domno Lope seu domno Ysarno" as the children of "Regemondo" and his wife[27]. A different version is provided by a Fragmentum historicum in the cartulary of Alaon, according to which “Lupum” was the son of “Borrellus Paliarensis comes”, son of Bernardo [I] Conde de Ribagorza[28]. m GOTRUDA de Cerdanya, illegitimate daughter of MIRÓN [II] Conde de Cerdanya & his mistress Vigilia de Ampurias (-[956/63]). "Gollegod comitissa" donated property "in comitatu Ausona" to Vic by charter dated 18 May 953[29]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Lope & his wife had four children:

a) RAIMUNDO [II] (-after Jan 1026). His parentage is indicated by a charter dated 30 Dec 1035 under which "Stephania…cometissa et filio suo Bernardo chomite" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, for the souls of "suscensoribus nostrorum vel Ramundo comite filio Goldergoto et Suniario filio Goldergoto, Wilelmo comite filio Ermetruit"[30]. Conde de Pallars. “Raimundus comes” donated “villam...Anchos majors” to the monastery of Gerri, with the consent of “fratrum meorum”, by charter dated Apr 966, signed by “Raimundus, Borrellus, Suniarius...”[31]. “Ragimundus comes et fratres meos...Borellus et Suniarius et Sunifredus” donated “alodes terminatus quod terminavit Isarnus comes et Lopus” to “domum Sancti Vicenti et Sancti Stephani” by charter dated to [970][32]. “El conde don Ramón y su hermano el conde don Suñer” donated “la parroquia de la Spelunca de Teodoro” to the monastery of San Pedro de las Malezas by charter dated Oct 976[33]. "Ragimundus…comes et coniux mea Major comitissa" donated "villa…Suverte" to the abbey of Gerri by charter dated 30 Jul 978[34]. “Ragimundus...comes et coniux mea Maior comitissa” donated “villa...Suverte” to Lavaix monastery by charter dated 3 Aug 978[35]. “Raimundus comes et marchio de terra Paliarensi” returned property to the monastery of Gerri, with the consent of “fratrum meorum Borelli et Richildis de Adlote et Sunierii et Singifredi sive filiorum...nostrorum”, by charter dated 6 Mar [981/85][36]. “Regimundus...comes” donated “ecclesia...Sancti Martini...in villa in Castanesa, quale porcionem expecto” to Alaon by charter dated 10 Aug 1015[37]. “Reimundus...chomes et marchio et coniux sua Maior comitissa” granted property “in castro...Avileto” to “Bernardo et coniux sua Golderoto” by charter dated Jan 1026, witnessed by “Ato vicecomite”[38]. m (before 30 Jul 978) MAYOR, daughter of --- (-after Jan 1026). "Ragimundus…comes et coniux mea Major comitissa" donated "villa…Suverte" to the abbey of Gerri by charter dated 30 Jul 978[39]. “Ragimundus...comes et coniux mea Maior comitissa” donated “villa...Suverte” to Lavaix monastery by charter dated 3 Aug 978[40]. “Raimundus...comes et coniux mea Maior comitissa” donated “villa...Archas” to Ovarra monastery by charter dated 11 Aug 981[41]. “Reimundus...chomes et marchio et coniux sua Maior comitissa” granted property “in castro...Avileto” to “Bernardo et coniux sua Golderoto” by charter dated Jan 1026, witnessed by “Ato vicecomite”[42]. Raimundo [II] & his wife [had children]:

i) [children . An indication that Raimundo had children is given by the charter dated 6 Mar [981/85] under which “Raimundus comes et marchio de terra Paliarensi” returned property to the monastery of Gerri, with the consent of “fratrum meorum Borelli et Richildis de Adlote et Sunierii et Singifredi sive filiorum...nostrorum”[43]. If this is correct, these children presumably predeceased their father without leaving descendants.]

b) BORELL [I] (-before 994). “Raimundus comes” donated “villam...Anchos majors” to the monastery of Gerri, with the consent of “fratrum meorum”, by charter dated Apr 966, signed by “Raimundus, Borrellus, Suniarius...”[44]. “Ragimundus comes et fratres meos...Borellus et Suniarius et Sunifredus” donated “alodes terminatus quod terminavit Isarnus comes et Lopus” to “domum Sancti Vicenti et Sancti Stephani” by charter dated to [970][45]. “Raimundus comes et marchio de terra Paliarensi” returned property to the monastery of Gerri, with the consent of “fratrum meorum Borelli et Richildis de Adlote et Sunierii et Singifredi sive filiorum...nostrorum”, by charter dated 6 Mar [981/85][46]. Conde de Pallars. “Borrellus chomis Lopone condam prolis...chomis et marchio de terra Pallariense sub potestate fratrum meorum Reimundo chomite et...Sungerum chomite” donated “terra in comitatu Palariense in territorio Speluncha Gorranse in loco...ad Guncheru” to Alaon by charter dated to [963/94][47]. The testament of “Borrellus comes et senescalius”, undated, bequeathed “meum alode...de flumine Nocaria usque in Çescande” to “filios meos Ysarno et Mirone”, “Spluga de Grasset” to “Guillermo filio meo”, “vineas de Tenies” to “filia mea Ermengarda”, “alodem de Alinse” to “filia mea Ava”, “domum Sancti Petri...in Malesis” to “muliere mea...Ermengarda dum vivit”, and “alodem de Tirvia” to Gerri monastery “si Ermengaudus filius meus voluerit redimere”[48]. m as her first husband, ERMENTRUDE, daughter of ---. She married secondly as his first wife, her first husband's brother, Sunyer [I] Conde de Pallars. Her name and second marriage are indicated by a charter dated 30 Dec 1035 under which "Stephania…cometissa et filio suo Bernardo chomite" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, for the souls of "suscensoribus nostrorum vel… Wilelmo comite filio Ermetruit"[49]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[50], she was Ermentrude de Rouergue (there called "Ermengarde"), daughter of Raymond [I] Comte de Rouergue & his wife Richarde ---, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. The testament of “Borrellus comes et senescalius”, undated, bequeathed “domum Sancti Petri...in Malesis” to “muliere mea...Ermengarda dum vivit”[51]. Borell [I] & his wife had six children:

i) ARMENGOL (-after 1030). The testament of “Borrellus comes et senescalius”, undated, bequeathed “alodem de Tirvia” to Gerri monastery “si Ermengaudus filius meus voluerit redimere”[52]. Conde de Pallars. m ---. The name of Armengol's wife is not known. Armengol & his wife had one child:

(a) RAIMUNDO (-after 1030). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

ii) ISARN . The testament of “Borrellus comes et senescalius”, undated, bequeathed “meum alode...de flumine Nocaria usque in Çescande” to “filios meos Ysarno et Mirone”[53].

iii) MIRON . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

iv) GUILLERMO . The testament of “Borrellus comes et senescalius”, undated, bequeathed “Spluga de Grasset” to “Guillermo filio meo”[54].

v) ERMENGARDA . The testament of “Borrellus comes et senescalius”, undated, bequeathed “vineas de Tenies” to “filia mea Ermengarda”[55].

vi) AVA . The testament of “Borrellus comes et senescalius”, undated, bequeathed “alodem de Alinse” to “filia mea Ava”[56].

c) SUNYER (-1010). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Sumarius” as the son of “Lupus”[57]. "Suniarius…comes hac marchisus" confirmed earlier donations to the abbey of la Grasse by "avus meus Raimundus comes et patruus meus Ysarnus hac frater illius Atonis episcopus…frater meus Raimundus comes" by charter dated 7 Nov 1007 subscribed by "Raimundus comes, Guillelmus suo fratre"[58]. Conde de Pallars.

- see below.

d) SUNIFREDO (-after 6 Mar [981/85]). “Ragimundus comes et fratres meos...Borellus et Suniarius et Sunifredus” donated “alodes terminatus quod terminavit Isarnus comes et Lopus” to “domum Sancti Vicenti et Sancti Stephani” by charter dated to [970][59]. “Raimundus comes et marchio de terra Paliarensi” returned property to the monastery of Gerri, with the consent of “fratrum meorum Borelli et Richildis de Adlote et Sunierii et Singifredi sive filiorum...nostrorum”, by charter dated 6 Mar [981/85][60].

e) RIQUILDA (-after 6 Mar [981/85]). “Raimundus comes et marchio de terra Paliarensi” returned property to the monastery of Gerri, with the consent of “fratrum meorum Borelli et Richildis de Adlote et Sunierii et Singifredi sive filiorum...nostrorum”, by charter dated 6 Mar [981/85][61]. The epithet given to Riquilda in this document may indicate that she was married. [m --- de Adlote, son of ---.]

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

SUNYER de Pallars, son of LOPE de Pallars & his wife Gotruda de Cerdanya (-1010). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Sumarius” as the son of “Lupus”[62]. “Raimundus comes” donated “villam...Anchos majors” to the monastery of Gerri, with the consent of “fratrum meorum”, by charter dated Apr 966, signed by “Raimundus, Borrellus, Suniarius...”[63]. “Ragimundus comes et fratres meos...Borellus et Suniarius et Sunifredus” donated “alodes terminatus quod terminavit Isarnus comes et Lopus” to “domum Sancti Vicenti et Sancti Stephani” by charter dated to [970][64]. “El conde don Ramón y su hermano el conde don Suñer” donated “la parroquia de la Spelunca de Teodoro” to the monastery of San Pedro de las Malezas by charter dated Oct 976[65]. "Suniarius…comes hac marchisus" confirmed earlier donations to the abbey of la Grasse by "avus meus Raimundus comes et patruus meus Ysarnus hac frater illius Atonis episcopus…frater meus Raimundus comes" by charter dated 7 Nov 1007 subscribed by "Raimundus comes, Guillelmus suo fratre"[66]. His parentage is also indicated by a charter dated 30 Dec 1035 under which "Stephania…cometissa et filio suo Bernardo chomite" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, for the souls of "suscensoribus nostrorum vel Ramundo comite filio Goldergoto et Suniario filio Goldergoto, Wilelmo comite filio Ermetruit"[67]. Conde de Pallars.

m firstly as her second husband, his sister-in-law, ERMENTRUDE, widow of BORELL [I] Conde de Pallars, daughter of ---. Her name and second marriage are indicated by a charter dated 30 Dec 1035 under which "Stephania…cometissa et filio suo Bernardo chomite" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, for the souls of "suscensoribus nostrorum vel… Wilelmo comite filio Ermetruit"[68]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[69], she was Ermentrude de Rouergue, daughter of Raymond [I] Comte de Rouergue & his wife Richarde ---, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. The testament of “Borrellus comes et senescalius”, undated, bequeathed “domum Sancti Petri...in Malesis” to “muliere mea...Ermengarda dum vivit”[70].

m secondly TODA de Ribagorza, daughter of RAIMUNDO [II] Conde de Ribagorza & his wife Gersende de Fezensac (-after 1010). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” records that “Tota soror Unifredi” married “post mortem Ysarni fratris sui...Suniarium nepotem suum” and that, childless after her husband died, she sent “ad Castellam per nepotem suum...Guillelmum Ysarni, quem genuerat Ysarnus prefatus ex concubina, qui erat in curia regis Sancii avunculi sui”[71]. “Garsinnis chometissa et...Isarnus...comes sive germana mea Tota chometissa” donated “villa...Chalvaria, alia Chastello Citi, alios duos Morecenes” to Ovarra monastery by charter dated Dec [990], subscribed by “Garsinnis chometissa et filio meo Isarno et Tota filia mea”[72].

Sunyer & his first wife had two children:

1. RAIMUNDO [III] ([995/1000]-after Oct 1049). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Raymundum Sumarii et Guillelmum Sumarii” as the sons of “Sumarius”[73]. His birth date is estimated on the assumption that his mother´s first husband died “before 994” as shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[74]. Conde de Pallars-Jussà. “…Comite Guillelmo in Ripa-curtia, comite Raimundo in Palliares” are named in the dating clause of a charter dated 22 Sep 1005 under which “Atho vicecomes de Sola” confirmed the foundation of the monastery of Alaon[75]. A charter of Santa Maria de Gerri dated Apr 18 names "Raimundi Suniarii comtis et uxor mea comitissa…Maior"[76]. The document is dated to [1012] in the compilation but this appears early assuming that his birth date is correctly estimated as shown above. “Reimundo comite et coniux mea...Ermesindis comitissa” sold “castro in comitatum Ribacursense...Castellone ad Tauri” to “Ricolfo filio Ariolf et coniux suam...Eicolina” by charter dated 14 Dec 1040[77]. “Raimundus chomes Paliarense et uxor mea Ermessendis chomitissa” sold “rocha...Sancti Laurentii” to “Arnallus de Tost et uxor tua Arsem” by charter dated 15 Oct 1044[78]. “Raimundus...chomes Paliarense et coniuge sua Ermesindis...comitissa” sold “kastro de Sancti Laurencii cum...espelluncha de Miralles” to “Arnald Mir de Tost et uxor tua Arsindis” by charter dated 2 Mar 1046[79]. “Raimundo...comite” sold “terra...in apendicio de castro Orriti” to “Mir Daco” by charter dated Oct 1049[80]. m firstly (repudiated [1027/28]) MAYOR, daughter of [GARCÍA Fernández Conde de Castilla & his wife Ava de Ribagorza] (-after [early 1035]). A charter of Santa Maria de Gerri dated Apr 18 names "Raimundi Suniarii comtis et uxor mea comitissa…Maior"[81]. Her parentage is stated in the end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” which records that, after the death of “Guillelmum Ysarni, quem genuerat Ysarnus prefatus ex concubina”, Ribagorza was inherited by “rex Sancius...jure propinquitatis”, explained because “Major comitissa soror comitis Sancii de Castella” married “comitis Paliarensis Raimundi Suniarii” and remained in Ribagorza after their marriage was ended “consanguinitatis causa”, and because “rex Sancius Pampilonensis” married “filiam predicti comitis Sancii de Castella...Majorem”[82]. However, this appears doubtful. If she was Conde García's daughter, it is surprising that she did not witness the 8 Mar 974 agreement under which her supposed sister Urraca was consecrated to the monastery of Covarrubias. In addition, the considerable age difference between her and her supposed husband (if, as stated in Europäische Stammtafeln[83], his mother's first husband died before 994) seems unlikely. A more likely possibility is that Mayor was the daughter, not sister, of Sancho Conde de Castilla. After her repudiation, she returned to Castile where she is recorded in 1028 as abbess of the monastery of San Miguel de Pedroso and in early 1035 with Sancho III King of Navarre[84]. m secondly ERMESINDA, daughter of --- (-after 2 Mar 1046). “Reimundo comite et coniux mea...Ermesindis comitissa” sold “castro in comitatum Ribacursense...Castellone ad Tauri” to “Ricolfo filio Ariolf et coniux suam...Eicolina” by charter dated 14 Dec 1040[85]. “Raimundus chomes Paliarense et uxor mea Ermessendis chomitissa” sold “rocha...Sancti Laurentii” to “Arnallus de Tost et uxor tua Arsem” by charter dated 15 Oct 1044[86]. “Raimundus...chomes Paliarense et coniuge sua Ermesindis...comitissa” sold “kastro de Sancti Laurencii cum...espelluncha de Miralles” to “Arnald Mir de Tost et uxor tua Arsindis” by charter dated 2 Mar 1046[87]. Raimundo & his [second] wife had three children:

a) RAIMUNDO [IV] (-[1098/1 Apr 1100]). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Raymundum” as the son of “Raymundum Sumarii”[88]. Conde de Pallars-Jussà. “Raimundus comes Paliarensis” donated “castrum de Muro...[et] medietatem...in castro de Arenio...intra comitatum Paliarensem” [presumably by way of dower, although this is not stated in the document] to “uxori meæ Valentiæ comitissæ” by charter dated 27 Oct 1056, subscribed by “Miro Mironis, Bernardi Atonis vicecomitis...”[89]. “Raimundus...comes et uxor mea Valencia comitissa...cum filio Petro” confirmed the donation of “villa Sabort...in comitatu Palliarensi” to the church of Urgell by charter dated 27 Oct 1069[90]. “Raimundus...comes et Valentia comitissa” granted tax concessions to Alaón by charter dated 1 Jul 1073[91]. “Raimundus Paliarensis comes...proles condam Raimundi comitis cum uxore mea Valença comitissa filiis quoque nostris Petro et Arnallo” donated property “in terra...vicecomitis Arnalli” to Tremp by charter dated 7 Nov 1079[92]. m (before 10 Oct 1056) VALENCIA de Tost, daughter of ARNAU Mir de Tost & his wife Arsenda --- (-after [1098/1 Apr 1100]). “Raimundus comes Paliarensis” donated “castrum de Muro...[et] medietatem...in castro de Arenio...intra comitatum Paliarensem” [presumably by way of dower, although this is not stated in the document] to “uxori meæ Valentiæ comitissæ” by charter dated 27 Oct 1056, subscribed by “Miro Mironis, Bernardi Atonis vicecomitis...”[93]. Her parentage is confirmed by the undated charter under which her grandson "Arnau Mir…et seu fill Ramon Roger comtes del Pallars Jussà" confirmed a donation to Santa Maria de Gerri by "avia mea Valenzia"[94]. “Arnallus Mironis, Arsendis uxoris eius...Letgardis vicecomitisse, Valencie comitisse Pailarensis...sorores hoc donum confirmamus...Berengarius vicecomiti...” subscribed the charter dated 4 Apr 1065 under which “Arnallus Mironis et coniux m[ea Arsendis]” donated property to Ager Sant Pere[95]. “Raimundus...comes et uxor mea Valencia comitissa...cum filio Petro” confirmed the donation of “villa Sabort...in comitatu Palliarensi” to the church of Urgell by charter dated 27 Oct 1069[96]. The testament of “Arnallus Mironis filius”, dated 11 Aug 1072, bequeathed property to “Gerallum nepto meo et...Ledgardam filiam meam...nepto meo Arnallo et...filiam meam Valentiam comitissam...”[97]. “Raimundus...comes et Valentia comitissa” granted tax concessions to Alaón by charter dated 1 Jul 1073[98]. “Raimundus Paliarensis comes...proles condam Raimundi comitis cum uxore mea Valença comitissa filiis quoque nostris Petro et Arnallo” donated property “in terra...vicecomitis Arnalli” to Tremp by charter dated 7 Nov 1079[99]. Valencia survived her husband, as shown by the undated charter under which [her son] “Petrus comes...cum fratribus meis Arnallo atque Bernardo” donated property to Muri Santa Maria “in cujus cimiterio...patris mei corpus sepultum est”, with the support of “genitrice nostra...post obitum genitoris nostra”[100]. Raimundo [IV] & his wife had [four] children:

i) PEDRO [I] (-[after 1113]). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Petrum…et Bernardum et Arnaldum” as the three sons of “Raymundus”, adding that Pedro succeeded his father but died childless[101]. The testament of “Arsendis”, dated 23 May 1068, bequeathes property to “...filia mea Valentia[...filio suo Arnallo]...filiam nostram Ledgardis sive ad Gerallo filio suo...Dalmacius nepto meo...Raimundus frater eius...Petro Bernardi nepoto meo...Gerallo nepto meo...”[102]. “Raimundus...comes et uxor mea Valencia comitissa...cum filio Petro” confirmed the donation of “villa Sabort...in comitatu Palliarensi” to the church of Urgell by charter dated 27 Oct 1069[103]. “Raimundus Paliarensis comes...proles condam Raimundi comitis cum uxore mea Valença comitissa filiis quoque nostris Petro et Arnallo” donated property “in terra...vicecomitis Arnalli” to Tremp by charter dated 7 Nov 1079[104]. Conde de Pallars-Jussà. “Petrus...comes Pallariensis” founded Muri Santa Maria, for the souls of “parentum meorum Raymundi...atque Valentiæ”, by charter dated 1 Apr 1100[105]. “Petrus comes...cum fratribus meis Arnallo atque Bernardo” donated property to Muri Santa Maria “in cujus cimiterio...patris mei corpus sepultum est”, with the support of “genitrice nostra...post obitum genitoris nostra”, by undated charter, which also lists donations made by “Arnallus...Adalais prædicti Arnalli conjux” in the presence of “domini comitis Petri et vicecomitis Petri”, by “Bernardus” for the souls of “genitoris mei domini Raymundi genitricisque meæ venerabilis memoriæ dominæ Valentiæ”, and by “vicecomitissa Loreta supradicti comitis Raymundi conjugisque eius Valentiæ filia”[106]. “Petrus Raimundi Paliarensis comes” donated property to the church of Urgell by charter dated to [1104][107].

ii) ARNAU [I] (-[after 1111]). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Petrum…et Bernardum et Arnaldum” as the three sons of “Raymundus”[108]. Conde de Pallars-Jussà.

- see below.

iii) BERNARDO [I] (-1131). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Petrum…et Bernardum et Arnaldum” as the three sons of “Raymundus”, adding that Bernardo succeeded his brother as count[109]. The testament of “Arsendis”, dated 23 May 1068, bequeathes property to “...filia mea Valentia[...filio suo Arnallo]...filiam nostram Ledgardis sive ad Gerallo filio suo...Dalmacius nepto meo...Raimundus frater eius...Petro Bernardi nepoto meo...Gerallo nepto meo...”[110]. “Petrus comes...cum fratribus meis Arnallo atque Bernardo” donated property to Muri Santa Maria “in cujus cimiterio...patris mei corpus sepultum est”, with the support of “genitrice nostra...post obitum genitoris nostra”, by undated charter, which also lists donations made by “Bernardus” for the souls of “genitoris mei domini Raymundi genitricisque meæ venerabilis memoriæ dominæ Valentiæ”[111]. Conde de Pallars-Jussà. A Fragmentum historicum in the cartulary of Alaon records the death in 1131 of “Bernardus comes Palliarensis”[112]. m [TODA], daughter of ---. Bernardo [I] & his wife had one child:

(a) DULCE [I] (-[after 1192]). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Dolziam” as the daughter of “Bernardus”[113]. Condesa de Pallars-Jussà.

iv) LORETA . “Petrus comes...cum fratribus meis Arnallo atque Bernardo” donated property to Muri Santa Maria “in cujus cimiterio...patris mei corpus sepultum est”, with the support of “genitrice nostra...post obitum genitoris nostra”, by undated charter, which also lists donations made by “vicecomitissa Loreta supradicti comitis Raymundi conjugisque eius Valentiæ filia”[114]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m SANCHO Vizconde .

b) SUNYER (-after 1103).

c) RICARDA . m GARCÍA Lizo, son of ---.

2. GUILLERMO [II] (-before 30 Dec 1035). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Raymundum Sumarii et Guillelmum Sumarii” as the sons of “Sumarius”[115]. Conde de Pallars-Subirà.

- see below.

ARNAU [I] de Pallars, son of RAIMUNDO [IV] Conde de Pallars-Jussà & his wife Valencia de Test (-[after [1111]). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Petrum…et Bernardum et Arnaldum” as the three sons of “Raymundus”[116]. The testament of “Arsendis”, dated 23 May 1068, bequeathes property to “...filia mea Valentia[...filio suo Arnallo]...filiam nostram Ledgardis sive ad Gerallo filio suo...Dalmacius nepto meo...Raimundus frater eius...Petro Bernardi nepoto meo...Gerallo nepto meo...”[117]. The testament of “Arnallus Mironis filius”, dated 11 Aug 1072, bequeathed property to “Gerallum nepto meo et...Ledgardam filiam meam...nepto meo Arnallo et...filiam meam Valentiam comitissam...”[118]. “Raimundus Paliarensis comes...proles condam Raimundi comitis cum uxore mea Valença comitissa filiis quoque nostris Petro et Arnallo” donated property “in terra...vicecomitis Arnalli” to Tremp by charter dated 7 Nov 1079[119]. “Petrus comes...cum fratribus meis Arnallo atque Bernardo” donated property to Muri Santa Maria “in cujus cimiterio...patris mei corpus sepultum est”, with the support of “genitrice nostra...post obitum genitoris nostra”, by undated charter, which also lists donations made by “Arnallus...Adalais prædicti Arnalli conjux” in the presence of “domini comitis Petri et vicecomitis Petri”[120]. Conde de Pallars-Jussà. “Ermengaudus comes et marchio et uxor eius comitissa Maria” settled a dispute between Ager Sant Pere and “Arnallus Raimundi nepos Arnalli Mironi de Tost” by charter dated 10 Jan 1102[121].

m firstly ALMODIS de Cerdanya, daughter of ENRIC de Cerdanya & his wife ---. The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that Enric had two daughters, of whom one married "Palearensi Comiti" and the other "Vicecomiti de Landres"[122].

m secondly ADELAIDA, daughter of ---. “Petrus comes...cum fratribus meis Arnallo atque Bernardo” donated property to Muri Santa Maria “in cujus cimiterio...patris mei corpus sepultum est”, with the support of “genitrice nostra...post obitum genitoris nostra”, by undated charter, which also lists donations made by “Arnallus...Adalais prædicti Arnalli conjux” in the presence of “domini comitis Petri et vicecomitis Petri”[123].

Arnaldo [I] & his first wife had one child:

1. ARNAU MIRÓN [I] de Pallars (-[1174/15 Sep 1177]). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” records that, after the death of Bernardo, “filius fratris sui Arnaldi Raymundi” succeeded to the county, adding that the Fragmentum was written during his time in 1154[124]. Conde de Pallars-Jussà. Señor en Ricla (inherited from his [second] wife’s family): the dating clause of a charter dated Dec 1146 records “…In Aricla comité de Pallars…”[125]. "Arnau Mir…et seu fill Ramon Roger comtes del Pallars Jussà" confirmed a donation to Santa Maria de Gerri by "avia mea Valenzia" by undated charter[126]. "Arnallus Paliarensis comes et Raimundus filius meus" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 7 Mar 1170[127]. [m firstly [as her first husband,] ESTEFANIA [de Urgell, daughter of ARMENGOL [VI] Comte de Urgell & his first wife Arsenda de Cabrera] (-after 1144). The primary source which confirms her parentage and [first] marriage has not yet been identified. Secondary sources state that she married secondly Bernardo Roco. This appears to be based on a charter dated 29 May "Era 1251" (1212) which names "Armengol comes Urgelli avunculus eius" referring to "Bernaldo Roco duci et signifero" (her supposed son by this second marriage)[128]. However, no children of "Bernardo Roco" are named as possible heirs in the testament of Armengol [VII] Comte de Urgell (her brother) in case of failure of his own descendants, despite the fact that he names three other nephews. The conclusion is probably therefore that the mother of Bernardo [II] Roco was an illegitimate daughter of Comte Armengol [VI] and not his daughter Estefania. If her second marriage is correct, Estefania de Urgell must have been repudiated by her first husband, although no other indication that this is the case has yet been found.] m [secondly] ([1145]) ORIA, daughter of ATO Orella Señor en Sos y en Ricla & his wife Tota Iñíguez ([1126/29?]-1178 or after, maybe after 1182). Her birth is estimated from her parents’ chronology. By undated charter (dated to the early 1130s?) "[unnamed] uxor d’Ataurela" granted “Morata cum Mores et…infra usque ad Mareca…Petrauta [Peralta de Alcofea, see 1105 charter cited above under Ïñigo Galíndez] cum…in terra Osche” to “Maiori nate” and “hereditates…in Alagon cum illas de Bardosella” to “Minori”, while “matri…dum vixerit” [retained] “Cásues [Casbas] cum illis quas habuit in Bait” which would revert after her death to “maiori filie”[129]. Her marriage is dated to [1145] based on the dating clause of a charter dated Dec 1146 which records “…In Aricla [Ricla, no doubt inherited from Oria’s family] comité de Pallars…”[130]. “Aurea Paliarensis comitissa fundatrix supradicti monasterii” founded the convent at Casbas with the bishop of Huesca by charter dated 1173, confirmed 1178 “in villa de Casvis quam habeo iure hereditario”[131]. “domna Oria comitissa Palearensis” donated "meam partem hereditatis de Marecha” to Zaragoza San Salvador, for the souls of “filii mei Raimundi, comitem Palearensis…matris mee”, noting that the church already had “aliam medietatem” [see the charter cited above under her mother], by charter dated 15 Sep 1177[132]. Oria’s charter dated 1178 donated "les castra et villæ de Morata et de Santa Agra en vallée de Jalón…une jovata de terre à Ricla…” to Casbas[133]. The testament of Oria Ctss de Pallars, dated 1178, bequeathed property to “Arnal de Pallars…la moitié de la villa d’Ypasa…Pedro Ortiz quatre exaricos à Ricla…Pedro de Sos…Gómez, son neveu, fils de doña Blasquita, le lieu d’Arnellas”, and, “au cas où sa petite-fille et héritière Valença mourrait”, “à [sa sœur] Jusiana…la ville d’Alcolea”, “à Enneco de Aveo son honor de Mores dans la vallée du Jalon” and “à Tota, fille de Lopalins de Aveo, un exarico (propriétaire musulman avec ses terres) à Calaturab (Calatorao), également dans le ribera de Jalón”[134]. Esteban Bishop of Huesca confirmed the foundation of the monastery of Casbas, with the consent of “la condesa Aurea de Pallars”, by charter dated 1182[135]: it is unclear whether Oria was still alive at that date or whether this charter was correctly dated. Follow Oria’s hyperlink for discussion of sources which incorrectly identity her as a member of the Entenza family. Arnaldo Mirón [I] & his [second] wife had two children:

a) RAIMUNDO [V] de Pallars (-Sep 1177, bur Cásouas). "Arnau Mir…et seu fill Ramon Roger comtes del Pallars Jussà" confirmed a donation to Santa Maria de Gerri by "avia mea Valenzia" by undated charter[136]. "Arnallus Paliarensis comes et Raimundus filius meus" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 7 Mar 1170[137]. Conde de Pallars-Jussà. “domna Oria comitissa Palearensis” donated "meam partem hereditatis de Marecha” to Zaragoza San Salvador, for the souls of “filii mei Raimundi, comitem Palearensis…matris mee”, noting that the church already had “aliam medietatem” [see the charter cited above under her mother], by charter dated 15 Sep 1177, which refers to "anniversarium predicti Raimundi comitis in VIII die post festum nativitatis Sancte Marie" and his burial "in Cásouas"[138]. m ANGLESA de Cardona, daughter of RAMÓN FOLCH [III] Vizconde de Cardona & his wife Isabel Sibila de Urgel. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Raimundo [V] & his wife had one child:

i) VALENCIA (-Sep 1185). Condesa de Pallars-Jussà. The testament of Oria Ctss de Pallars, dated 1178, bequeathed property “au cas où sa petite-fille et héritière Valença mourrait” (see above)[139]. “Garcias Petris, comes Pallarensis, et donna cometessa Valenza, uxor mea” granted exemptions to “populatoribus de Arnellas” by charter dated Sep 1185, witnessed by “Petrus, maiordomnus domni regis, Petrus Suviza, Gasanto Martin de Lara, G. Grosso, Rodric Martinez”[140]. m (before Sep 1185) GARCÍA Pérez [de Subiza?], son of ---. Conde de Pallars-Jussà. Figuière names him “García Pérez [de Subiza], comte de Pallars”[141]: if that is correct, the second witness to the Sep 1185 charter may have been his father or a close relative.

b) ARNAU (-after 1178). The testament of Oria Ctss de Pallars, dated 1178, bequeathed property to “Arnal de Pallars…la moitié de la villa d’Ypasa…”[142].

Arnaldo [I] & his second wife had two children:

2. RAIMUNDO de Talarn . m ---. The name of Raimundo's wife is not known. Raimundo & his wife had one child:

a) RAIMUNDO .

3. BERENGUER .

B. CONDES de PALLARS-SUBIRÀ

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

GUILLERMO [II] de Pallars, son of SUNYER [I] Conde de Pailhars & his first wife Ermengarde [de Rouergue] (-before 30 Dec 1035). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Raymundum Sumarii et Guillelmum Sumarii” as the sons of “Sumarius”[143]. Conde de Pallars-Subirà. A charter of Santa Maria de Gerri dated Apr 22 [1013] names "Guilelmus comes et uxor mea Stephania comitissa"[144]. “Guillermus...comis et Stephania comitissa” donated “villa...Arravonse” to San Pedro, Santa Cruz and San Lorenzo by charter dated 23 Jul 1015[145].

m ESTEFANÍA, daughter of --- (-after 19 Dec 1037). A charter of Santa Maria de Gerri dated Apr 22 [1013] names "Guilelmus comes et uxor mea Stephania comitissa"[146]. The parentage of Estefanía is not known, but it has been suggested that she was Estefania de Urgel, daughter of Armengol [I] Conde de Urgel & his wife Tetberga ---. The basis for this speculation is not known. “Guillermus...comis et Stephania comitissa” donated “villa...Arravonse” to San Pedro, Santa Cruz and San Lorenzo by charter dated 23 Jul 1015[147]. "Stephania…cometissa et filio suo Bernardo chomite" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, for the souls of "suscensoribus nostrorum vel Ramundo comite filio Goldergoto et Suniario filio Goldergoto, Wilelmo comite filio Ermetruit", by charter dated 30 Dec 1035[148]. "Domnus Bernardus Guilelmi…comes vel marchio et Stefania mater sua" sold "Bardina de…villa…Burgi" to "Miro" by charter dated 19 Dec 1037[149]. “Bernardus...comes et Stephania comitissam...matrem eius” donated “alode comitale...in Vivo Lavata” to Lavaix, for the soul of “Guillermum comite”, by undated charter[150].

Guillermo [II] & his wife had four children:

1. BERNARDO de Pallars (-after 19 Dec 1037). "Stephania…cometissa et filio suo Bernardo chomite" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, for the souls of "suscensoribus nostrorum vel Ramundo comite filio Goldergoto et Suniario filio Goldergoto, Wilelmo comite filio Ermetruit", by charter dated 30 Dec 1035[151]. Conde de Pallars-Subirà. His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 28 May 1076 under which his brother "Artallus…comes" referred to acts of "patrem meum Wigelmo…[et] frater meus Bernardus" relating to Santa Maria de Gerri[152]. "Domnus Bernardus Guilelmi…comes vel marchio et Stefania mater sua" sold "Bardina de…villa…Burgi" to "Miro" by charter dated 19 Dec 1037[153]. “Bernardus...comes et Stephania comitissam...matrem eius” donated “alode comitale...in Vivo Lavata” to Lavaix, for the soul of “Guillermum comite”, by undated charter[154].

2. ARTALDO [I] (-[13/19] Apr 1082). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 18 Jun [before 1070] under which "Artallus comes filius Gylelmo" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri[155]. Conde de Pallars-Subirà. "Artaldus maior…comes cum uxori mea Constancia comitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated Sep 1050[156]. "Artallus…comes et marchio cum coniugem meam Luciam comitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 22 Jun 1059[157]. "Artallus…comes et coniux mea Lucia" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 22 Apr 1068[158]. “Artaldus comes et filius meus Artaldus” acknowledged damage caused to Cuxá by charter dated 20 Oct 1076[159]. "Artaldus comes" donated "villa de Pez…in valle Espluga" to the church of Le Puy, confirmed by "filius meus Artaldus, alter filius meus Guillelmus, alter Odo", by charter dated to [1075][160]. "Artallus…comes" referred to acts of "patrem meum Wigelmo…[et] frater meus Bernardus" relating to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 28 May 1076[161]. "Artaldus…comes et uxor mea Lucia comitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 8 Jul 1081[162]. "Artallus…comes" restored property to the abbey of Gerri by charter dated 25 Dec 1081[163]. "Artallus…comes" restored property to the abbey of Gerri by charter dated 25 Dec 1081[164]. "Artaldus comes filius Guillermo" agreed to share revenues from "Petra-Media…castro" with the abbot of Gerri by charter dated to [1081][165]. m firstly (before Sep 1050) CONSTANZA, daughter of ---. "Artaldus maior…comes cum uxori mea Constancia comitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated Sep 1050[166]. m secondly (contract 27 Jan 1057) LUCIE de la Marche, daughter of BERNARD Comte de la Marche & his wife Amelia ---. An undated charter, dated to [1054], records that Guillem [II] Comte de Besalú agreed to marry "Lucia hermana de…la condesa Almodis"[167]. The marriage contract between “Artallus comes” and “Raimundum comitem Barchinonæ...et Almodem comitissam...Luciæ soror...Almodis” is undated[168]. Bofarull and Mascaró indicate that the marriage contract is dated 27 Jan 1057, presumably referring to another version of the same document[169]. "Artallus…comes et marchio cum coniugem meam Luciam comitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 22 Jun 1059[170]. "Artallus…comes et coniux mea Lucia" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 22 Apr 1068[171]. "Artaldus…comes et uxor mea Lucia comitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 8 Jul 1081[172]. "Artallus comes…frater meus Odo materque nostra Lucia" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 19 Apr 1082[173]. A charter dated to [1082/88] records a judgment by "Artalli comiti seu et Otone frater eius et Regemundo Guillelmi avunculi eius seu et Lucia comitissa mater eius"[174]. Artaldo [I] & his second wife had three children:

a) ARTALDO [II] (-[before 1124]). "Artaldus comes" donated "villa de Pez…in valle Espluga" to the church of Le Puy, confirmed by "filius meus Artaldus, alter filius meus Guillelmus, alter Odo", by charter dated to [1075][175]. Conde de Pallars-Subirà.

- see below.

b) GUILLERMO (-after [1075]). "Artaldus comes" donated "villa de Pez…in valle Espluga" to the church of Le Puy, confirmed by "filius meus Artaldus, alter filius meus Guillelmus, alter Odo", by charter dated to [1075][176].

c) OT (-1122). "Artaldus comes" donated "villa de Pez…in valle Espluga" to the church of Le Puy, confirmed by "filius meus Artaldus, alter filius meus Guillelmus, alter Odo", by charter dated to [1075][177]. "Artallus comes…frater meus Odo materque nostra Lucia" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 19 Apr 1082[178]. A charter dated to [1082/88] records a judgment by "Artalli comiti seu et Otone frater eius et Regemundo Guillelmi avunculi eius seu et Lucia comitissa mater eius"[179]. "Artallus…Paliarensis comes…et Eislonza uxor mea…comitissa et Odo frater meus" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, on the advice of "Tedbaldi consubrini mei", by charter dated 25 Mar 1090[180]. Bishop of Urgel. The Vita et miracula Sancti Odonis Episcopi Urgellensi names “Odo de...genere comitatuum Palariensium...Artallo, patre suo Pallarensium comite et matre sua Luciana”[181].

3. RAIMUNDO (-after 1091). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1082/88] which records a judgment by "Artalli comiti seu et Otone frater eius et Regemundo Guillelmi avunculi eius seu et Lucia comitissa mater eius"[182]. [m ---. The name of Raimundo´s wife is not known. Raimundo & his wife had [one] child:

a) [TETBALDO (-after 25 Mar 1090). "Artallus…Paliarensis comes…et Eislonza uxor mea…comitissa et Odo frater meus" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, on the advice of "Tedbaldi consubrini mei", by charter dated 25 Mar 1090[183]. The precise parentage of Tedbaldo is not known. The absence of a geographical epithet attached to his name suggests that he was a relative in the male line. If that is correct, Raimundo is the only known paternal uncle of Conde Artaldo [II].]

4. ELDIONDIS . m GUITARDO Isarno de Vallferrera .

ARTALDO [II] de Pallars, son of ARTALDO [I] Conde de Pallars-Subirà & his second wife Lucie de la Marche (-[before 1124]). "Artaldus comes" donated "villa de Pez…in valle Espluga" to the church of Le Puy, confirmed by "filius meus Artaldus, alter filius meus Guillelmus, alter Odo", by charter dated to [1075][184]. “Artaldus comes et filius meus Artaldus” acknowledged damage caused to Cuxá by charter dated 20 Oct 1076[185]. "Artaldus comes de Paliars" donated property "[ecclesiam]…Geire…situs supra rivum Nuchera in episcopate Urgellensi", with the consent of "uxore mee…Heislonze", to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 8 Aug 1080, signed by "Artallus comes…Neilonza comitissa"[186]. Conde de Pallars-Subirà. "Artallus…comes" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 13 Apr 1082, subscribed by "Artal filii eius"[187]. C "Artallus comes…frater meus Odo materque nostra Lucia" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 19 Apr 1082[188]. A charter dated to [1082/88] records a judgment by "Artalli comiti seu et Otone frater eius et Regemundo Guillelmi avunculi eius seu et Lucia comitissa mater eius"[189]. "Artallus…comes et marchio et uxor mea Leonza" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 1 Mar 1085, subscribed by "Guillem Arnallo de Perwes, Dodo fratri eius"[190]. "Artallus…Paliarensis comes…et Eislonza uxor mea…comitissa et Odo frater meus" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, on the advice of "Tedbaldi consubrini mei", by charter dated 25 Mar 1090[191].

m (before 1083) ESLONZA Martínez, daughter of MARTÍN Pérez de Tordesillas & his wife Mayor Ansúrez (-after [1112]). "Artaldus comes de Paliars" donated property "[ecclesiam]…Geire…situs supra rivum Nuchera in episcopate Urgellensi", with the consent of "uxore mee…Heislonze", to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 8 Aug 1080, signed by "Artallus comes…Neilonza comitissa"[192]. "Artallus…comes et marchio et uxor mea Leonza" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 1 Mar 1085[193]. The testament of "Eisloza comitissa…Paliarensis" is dated to [1112], records that she was "germana de Stephania quæ ad me attendit", and was subscribed by "Artalli comitis…"[194].

Artaldo [II] & his wife had two children:

1. ARTALDO [III] (-[before 1167]). Conde de Pallars-Subirà. "Artallus…Paliarensis comes et marchio…cum uxore mea Agnes" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 6 Sep 1137[195]. "Artallus comes Paliarensis et filius meus Artalli" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 28 May 1158, subscribed by "Petri vicecomitis"[196]. m INES, daughter of ---. "Artallus…Paliarensis comes et marchio…cum uxore mea Agnes" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 6 Sep 1137[197]. Artaldo [III] & his wife had two children:

a) ARTALDO [IV] (-[1182/1 May 1192]). "Artallus comes Paliarensis et filius meus Artalli" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 28 May 1158, subscribed by "Petri vicecomitis"[198]. Conde de Pallars-Subirà. "Artallus Paliarensis comes et coniux Guilelma comitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 13 Nov 1171[199]. m GUILLELMA, daughter of --- (-after 1205). "Artallus Paliarensis comes et coniux Guilelma comitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 13 Nov 1171[200]. "Doña Guillelma condesa de Pallas" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, for the soul of "Don Artal" with the consent of "su hijo Don Bernardo", by charter dated 1 May 1192[201]. Artaldo [IV] & his wife had two children:

i) BERNARDO [III] (-[after 1199]). "Doña Guillelma condesa de Pallas" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, for the soul of "Don Artal" with the consent of "su hijo Don Bernardo", by charter dated 1 May 1192[202]. Conde de Pallars-Subirà. "Bernardus de Pallars, comendador de Sena et de Sexena" granted property to "hominibus de Sera et de Sexena" by charter dated Oct 1174[203].

ii) GUILLELMA (-[after 1250]). Condesa de Pallars-Subirà. Her first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 15 May 1204 under which "Raimundus de Castroveteri" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, on the advice of "domine Guilelme comitisse Paliarensis et filie sue Guilelme et Guilelmi d´Eril mariti sui", by charter dated 15 May 1204[204]. "Guilelma…Palearensis comitissa et…Guilelma filia eius et…Guilelmus de Eril" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 27 Dec 1205[205]. Her second marriage is indicated by the charter dated 9 Jan 1221 under which "domina Gylelma…comitissa Pallarensis" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, with the advice of "domini Rogerii Palarensis comitis", by charter dated 9 Jan 1221[206]. "Guillelma comitissa Paliarensis" sold "comitatum Paliarensem" to "Rogerio Convenarum, comiti Paliarensi" for "XV cim milia morabatinos bono auro", by charter dated 6 Mar 1229[207]. m firstly GUILLERMO Señor de Eril, son of --- (-after 27 Dec 1205). He succeeded as Conde de Pallars-Subirà. m secondly ([1217]) as his second wife, ROGER [II] de Couserans Vicomte de Carcassonne, son of ROGER [I] Vicomte de Carcassonne & his wife --- de Foix (-after 1240). He succeeded as Conde de Pallars-Subirà. Guillelma & her first husband had one child:

(a) GUILLELMA de Eril (-after 27 Dec 1205). Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 15 May 1204 under which "Raimundus de Castroveteri" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, on the advice of "domine Guilelme comitisse Paliarensis et filie sue Guilelme et Guilelmi d´Eril mariti sui", by charter dated 15 May 1204[208]. "Guilelma…Palearensis comitissa et…Guilelma filia eius et…Guilelmus de Eril" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 27 Dec 1205[209].

b) INES . m RAMÓN Señor de Eril, son of ---.

2. ARTALDO .

C. CONDES de PALLARS-SUBIRÀ (VICOMTES de CARCASSONNE)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

ROGER [II] de Couserans, son of ROGER [I] Vicomte de Carcassonne et de Couserans & his wife --- de Foix (-[before 6 Mar 1229?]). Vicomte de Carcassonne. He succeeded as Conde de Pallars-Subirà, de iure uxoris. Père Anselme says that Roger [II] was dead in 1211, without citing the source on which this date is based[210]. Considering his second marriage noted below, this date must be incorrect. Insufficient data points have been found to estimate his correct date of death with confidence. However, the following document does provide a possible clue: by charter dated 6 Mar 1229, [his wife] "Guillelma comitissa Paliarensis" sold "comitatum Paliarensem" to "Rogerio Convenarum, comiti Paliarensi" for "XV cim milia morabatinos bono auro"[211]. If the buyer was her husband, it is surprising that the document does not specify the fact. One possibility is that the buyer was the seller’s stepson. This would also be consistent with Roger [III] having no right to Pallars by inheritance, a sale being necessary to acquire the county. If this speculation is correct, Roger [II] would have died before 6 Mar 1229.

m firstly ---. The name of Roger's first wife is not known. The fact of this first marriage is suggested by the chronology of the life of Roger [II]’s son Roger [III], in particular his first marriage with Cécile de Forcalquier. Although no document has been found which dates Cécile, the chronology of her family suggests that she may have been born in the last decade of the 12th century. If that is correct, the age difference with her husband would be surprising if he was the son of his father’s wife Guillelma.

m secondly ([1217]) as her second husband, GUILLELMA Vizcondesa de Pallars, widow of GUILLERMO [III] Conde de Pallars-Subirà Señor de Eril, daughter of ARTALDO [IV] Conde de Pallars-Subirà & his wife Guillermina --- (-[after 1250]). Her first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 15 May 1204 under which "Raimundus de Castroveteri" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, on the advice of "domine Guilelme comitisse Paliarensis et filie sue Guilelme et Guilelmi d´Eril mariti sui", by charter dated 15 May 1204[212]. "Guilelma…Palearensis comitissa et…Guilelma filia eius et…Guilelmus de Eril" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 27 Dec 1205[213]. Her second marriage is indicated by the charter dated 9 Jan 1221 under which "domina Gylelma…comitissa Pallarensis" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, with the advice of "domini Rogerii Palarensis comitis", by charter dated 9 Jan 1221[214]. "Guillelma comitissa Paliarensis" sold "comitatum Paliarensem" to "Rogerio Convenarum, comiti Paliarensi" for "XV cim milia morabatinos bono auro", by charter dated 6 Mar 1229[215].

Roger [II] & his first wife had two children:

1. ROGER [III] de Couserans (-after 1256). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. [As noted above, it is possible that the buyer in the following document was Roger [III]: "Guillelma comitissa Paliarensis" sold "comitatum Paliarensem" to "Rogerio Convenarum, comiti Paliarensi" for "XV cim milia morabatinos bono auro" by charter dated 6 Mar 1229[216]. This would also be consistent with Roger [III] not being Guillelma’s son, as he would have had no right to Pallars by inheritance and would have needed to purchase the county.] Conde de Pallars-Subirà. "Rogerius, filius domini Rogerii, Paleriensis comitis" swore hommage to Teobaldo I King of Navarre by charter dated 21 Sep 1244[217]. Père Anselme says that Roger [III] died after 1256, noting that “un mémoire porte qu’il se retira dans un cloître”, but does not cite the sources on which this information is based[218]. m firstly CECILE de Forcalquier, daughter of BERTRAND [II] Comte de Forcalquier [Barcelona-Urgel] & his wife Cécile de Béziers. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. As noted below, Palau i Baduell names “Cecilia de Forcalquier” as mother of Roger [IV] whom he calls “fill natural” of Roger [III], indicating illegitimacy. This suggests doubt about the validity of his parents’ marriage, but the circumstances have not been ascertained. m secondly SIBILA de Berga, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Roger [III] & his first wife had one child:

a) ROGER [IV] (-[1257/Sep 1267]). Palau i Baduell calls Roger “un fill natural” by “Cecília de Forcalquier” when recording that he carried out successives invasions of Pallars with the help of “seu fill Arnau d’Espanha” and was excluded from the succession by the testament of his father dated 1256[219]. Vicomte de Couserans et de Casadan.

- VICOMTES de COUSERANS.

Roger [III] & his second wife had four children:

b) RAIMUNDO ROGER [I] (-1295). Conde de Pallars-Subirà. "Arnaldus Rogerii comes Pallariensis" confirmed a donation by "dominus Raimundus comes Pallieriensis" to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 16 Sep 1260[220]. "Dominus Arnaldus Rogerii…comes Pallariensis et uxor nostra domina Sanxa Pallierensi comitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 8 Aug 1270, subscribed by "Raimundi Rogerii fratris domini comitis"[221]. m BLANCA de Bellera, daughter of --- & his wife Sibila de Peralta (-after 21 Apr 1296). “Blancha...comitissa Pallariensis” appointed “domino Raymundo de Bellera fratri suo” relating to her dower from “Raymundo Rogerii bonæ memoriæ comiti de Pallars”, by charter dated 21 Apr 1296 which names her brother “dominum quondam Guillelmum de Bellera” and “matris prædictorum Sibilliæ quondam de Peralta”[222].

c) ARNAU ROGER [I] (-[1 Oct 1288/[Feb] 1289]). Conde de Pallars-Subirà. "Arnaldus Rogerii comes Pallariensis" confirmed a donation by "dominus Fredolus comes Pallariensis" to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 16 Sep 1260[223]. "Arnaldus Rogerii comes Pallariensis" confirmed a donation by "dominus Raimundus comes Pallieriensis" to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 16 Sep 1260[224]. "Dominus Arnaldus Rogerii…comes Pallariensis et uxor nostra domina Sanxa Pallierensi comitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 8 Aug 1270, subscribed by "Raimundi Rogerii fratris domini comitis"[225]. The testament of Arnau Roger Conde Pallars, dated 1 Oct 1288, appointed executors including “Bort de Pallars hijo ilegitimo del testador” but does not name his wife or children[226]. m firstly SANCHA de Villamur, daughter of ---. "Dominus Arnaldus Rogerii…comes Pallariensis et uxor nostra domina Sanxa Pallierensi comitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 8 Aug 1270, subscribed by "Raimundi Rogerii fratris domini comitis"[227]. The primary source which confirms her family origin has not been identified. m secondly ([1281/82]) [LASCARA] de Vintimille, daughter of GUILLAUME PIERRE de Vintimille & his wife Evdokia Laskarina (-after 23 Dec 1309). The primary source which confirms expressly that the wife of Arnau Roger [I] Conde de Pallars was the daughter of Guillaume Pierre de Vintimille and his wife has not been identified. However, her name in the charters quoted below indicates that she must have been the daughter of Evdokia Laskarina. According to Europäische Stammtafeln, the second wife of Arnau Roger [I] Conde de Pallars was Evdokia[228]. This is proved incorrect by the various Spanish charters (see the document PROVENCE) in which Evdokia is consistently named “infantissa” (honouring the fact that she was the ruler’s daughter, in line with Spanish practice), in contrast to her daughter [Lascara] de Vintimille who was recorded in other charters (see below) as widow of Conde Arnau Roger but never with this honorific to which she was not entitled as the ruler’s granddaughter. Secondary sources available on the web indicate that Baucells i Reig reached the same conclusion[229], but as his article has not been consulted it has not proved possible to ascertain whether he used the same argument. It should be noted that Miret y Sans, in his article on Evdokia in the early 20th century, failed to notice the distinction of the titles accorded to mother and daughter and assumed that the conde de Pallars was Evdokia’s second husband[230]. It is unlikely that “Lascara” was this daughter’s baptismal name. It was presumably accorded to her in contemporary documentation in honour of her illustrious maternal ancestry, the same as her mother. No document has been found which specifies any other name. “Berenguer de Calders” acknowledged holding property from “domine Laschere...comitisse Pallariensis...nomine vestri sponsalicii et R. de Urgio tutori testamentarii Sibilie, Beatricis et Violant filiarum et heredum...dicte domine comitisse et domino Arnaldo Rogerii...comiti Pallariense quondam et Guillelmo de Castroveteri manumissori testamenti dicti domini comitis” by charter dated 11 Mar 1288 (O.S.)[231]. “Domina Laschera...comitissa Pallariensis” renounced claims against Santa Maria de Serrateix, naming “Sibiliam de Berga filiam nostram”, by charter dated 24 Apr 1290, confirmed by charter dated 17 and 18 May 1295[232]. Jaime II King of Aragon obliged “dona Liscara comtessa de Paillars” to enter “el monestir de Jonqueres a Barçelona”, because of her relationship with “al noble en Bernat de Sarriá almirayl e conseyler vostre”, by charter dated 5 Jul [maybe dated to 1307/08][233]. King Jaime II confirmed “la casa de Palau Salatá del Vallés” to “dompne Laschare olim comitisse Pallariensis” by charter dated 23 Dec 1309[234]. Arnau Roger & his second wife had three children:

i) SIBILA (-1330). “Berenguer de Calders” acknowledged holding property from “domine Laschere...comitisse Pallariensis...nomine vestri sponsalicii et R. de Urgio tutori testamentarii Sibilie, Beatricis et Violant filiarum et heredum...dicte domine comitisse et domino Arnaldo Rogerii...comiti Pallariense quondam et Guillelmo de Castroveteri manumissori testamenti dicti domini comitis” by charter dated 11 Mar 1288 (O.S.)[235]. “Domina Laschera...comitissa Pallariensis” renounced claims against Santa Maria de Serrateix, naming “Sibiliam de Berga filiam nostram”, by charter dated 24 Apr 1290, confirmed by charter dated 17 and 18 May 1295[236]. Condesa de Pallars-Subirà. Zurita names “la Condesa Sibilia” and her husband “Ugo de Mataplana”[237]. “Sibilia comitissa Pallariensi” appointed “Ugonem de Mataplana maritum nostrum” as her proxy by charter dated 27 May 1297[238]. “Sibilia comitissa Pallariensi filia et heres...A. Rogerii quondam comitis Pallariensis uxorque...Hugueti de Mataplana” reached agreement with King Jaime II, with the consent of “dicti mariti nostri et nobilis dompne Laschare matris nostre et nobilis Raimundo de Urgio...tutor...Beatricis et Violan filiarum dicti Arnaldi Rogerii”, by charter dated 27 May 1297[239]. The Dominicans’ Acta Capituli Generalis apud Traiectum, celebrated 1330, record “suffragia pro defunctis...pro...domina Sibillia quondam comitissa de Pallariis”[240]. Her descendants were later Condes de Pallars[241]. m (before 27 May 1297) UGO de Mataplana Barón de Mataplana, son of --- (-1328). Conde de Pallars-Subirà, de iure uxoris. Ugo & his wife had children:

(a) ARNAU ROGER [II] de Mataplana (-after 1352). Santiago records that “Urraca de Entenza” married “Bernardo Roger conde de Pallás, hijo del conde Hugo de Mataplana”, but direct without heirs, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[242]. Conde de Pallars. m firstly ALAMANDA de Rocaberti, daughter of ---. This first marriage is recorded in Europäische Stammtafeln[243]. m secondly URRACA de Entenza, daughter of GOMBALD Barón de Entenza Señor de Alcolea & his wife Constanza de Antillón Señora de Antillón (-before 15 May 1338). The testament of "don Gombalt d´Entenca senyor d´Alcolea", dated 12 Sep 1304, bequeathes property to "…Hurraqua d´Entiença filia mía", and appoints "Tharesa d´Entiença filla mía e de dona Gostança d´Antillyon muller mía" as his heir, and his daughter Urraca in default "no haviendo otros fillos de la dita muller mía"[244]. The testament of "Infantissa Theresia…domini infantis Alfonsi consors ac comitissa Urgelli", dated 23 Oct 1327, bequeathes property to "…Urache d´Entiença sorori nostre…Castellane uxor quondam Emanuelis de Entiença de domo nostra…Sanccie Roderici de domo nostra…Mayllete d´Entiença…Teresie filie Emanuelis d´Entiença…domicellabus nostris…Teresie Gombaldi sorori nostre moniali monasterii de Casvis…Poncio Ugonis fratri nostro naturali…Guillelmi d´Entiença fratri nostro naturali…Iohanni Martini d´Entiença…"[245]. Santiago records that “Urraca de Entenza” married “Bernardo Roger conde de Pallás, hijo del conde Hugo de Mataplana”, but died without heirs, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[246]. Pedro IV King of Aragon notified “domine Constancie...Maioricharum regine, sorori nostre” of the death of “nobilis Urracha d’Entença, amitta comuni nostra” by charter dated 15 May 1338[247]. m thirdly (contract 1 Dec 1352) as her first husband, ELEONORE de Comminges, daughter of PIERRE-RAYMOND [I] de Comminges & his wife Françoise de Fezensac (-after 3 Dec 1396). Père Anselme records the contract for her first marriage dated 1 Dec 1252 (error for 1352)[248]. She married secondly Gaillard de la Mothe. Père Anselme records her testament dated 3 Dec 1396, under which she named her niece Marguerite de Comminges as her heir[249]. Arnau Roger [II] & his [first] wife had children:

- CONDES de PALLARS[250].

(b) [RAMON ROGER de Pallars . The Crónica of King Pedro IV records that “Ramon Rogèr de Pallars” offered his services to the king who granted him rights “en lo còmtat de Pallars e de la baronia de Cervelló” and invested him as “comte de Pallars”, undated but appears to be recorded among events in 1343[251].]

ii) BEATRIZ (-after 1330). “Berenguer de Calders” acknowledged holding property from “domine Laschere...comitisse Pallariensis...nomine vestri sponsalicii et R. de Urgio tutori testamentarii Sibilie, Beatricis et Violant filiarum et heredum...dicte domine comitisse et domino Arnaldo Rogerii...comiti Pallariense quondam et Guillelmo de Castroveteri manumissori testamenti dicti domini comitis” by charter dated 11 Mar 1288 (O.S.)[252]. “Sibilia comitissa Pallariensi filia et heres...A. Rogerii quondam comitis Pallariensis uxorque...Hugueti de Mataplana” reached agreement with King Jaime II, with the consent of “dicti mariti nostri et nobilis dompne Laschare matris nostre et nobilis Raimundo de Urgio...tutor...Beatricis et Violan filiarum dicti Arnaldi Rogerii”, by charter dated 27 May 1297[253]. Vizcondesa de Villamur. m GUILLERMO [IV] de Anglesola Señor de Bellpuig, son of ---.

iii) VIOLANTE (-after 1311). “Berenguer de Calders” acknowledged holding property from “domine Laschere...comitisse Pallariensis...nomine vestri sponsalicii et R. de Urgio tutori testamentarii Sibilie, Beatricis et Violant filiarum et heredum...dicte domine comitisse et domino Arnaldo Rogerii...comiti Pallariense quondam et Guillelmo de Castroveteri manumissori testamenti dicti domini comitis” by charter dated 11 Mar 1288 (O.S.)[254]. “Sibilia comitissa Pallariensi filia et heres...A. Rogerii quondam comitis Pallariensis uxorque...Hugueti de Mataplana” reached agreement with King Jaime II, with the consent of “dicti mariti nostri et nobilis dompne Laschare matris nostre et nobilis Raimundo de Urgio...tutor...Beatricis et Violan filiarum dicti Arnaldi Rogerii”, by charter dated 27 May 1297[255]. Zurita records that “Doña Violante de Pallas, hermana de la Condesa Doña Sibilia” married “Don Ximeno Cornel hijo de D. Pedro Cornel y de D. Urraca Artal de Luna”, and names their son “Don Thomas Cornel” and his descendants, in 1297[256]. m (1297) JIMENO Cornel, son of PEDRO Cornel & his wife Urraca Artal de Luna.

Arnaldo Roger had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:

iv) BORT de Pallars (-after 1 Oct 1288). The testament of Arnau Roger Conde Pallars, dated 1 Oct 1288, appointed executors including “Bort de Pallars hijo ilegitimo del testador” but does not name his wife or children[257].

v) SIBILA . m --- Señor de Villaflor, son of ---.

d) GERALDA (-[1283]). m GUILLERMO [II] de Erill Señor de Erill, son of ---.

e) ORPAIX . m PEDRO Vizconde de Villamur, son of ---.

2. ARNAUD de Comminges (-after Dec 1244). Seigneur d’Almazan. Père Anselme records that he swore homage to Raymond Comte de Toulouse in Dec 1244 in the presence of “Roger de Cominges comte de Paillas son frère, d’autres Roger, fils du comte de Pierre-Arnaud [not yet identified] et de Bertrand d’Espagne”[258].

The relationship between the following person, if he existed, and the main family of the Condes de Pallars has not yet been established:

1. [FREDOLO (-after 16 Sep 1260). Conde de Pallars. "Arnaldus Rogerii comes Pallariensis" confirmed a donation by "Dominus Fredolus comes Pallariensis" to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 16 Sep 1260[259]. It should be noted that "Arnaldus Rogerii comes Pallariensis" confirmed a donation by "dominus Raimundus comes Pallieriensis" to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated the same date[260]. The question arises whether the former document is merely a mistranscription of the latter and that Fredelo did not exist as a separate person.]

D. VIZCONDES de VILLAMUR

1. ATO (-after Jan 1026). Vizconde. “Reimundus...chomes et marchio et coniux sua Maior comitissa” granted property “in castro...Avileto” to “Bernardo et coniux sua Golderoto” by charter dated Jan 1026, witnessed by “Ato vicecomite”[261].

2. BERNARDO ATO (-after 27 Oct 1056). Vizconde [de Villamur]. “Raimundus comes Paliarensis” donated “castrum de Muro...[et] medietatem...in castro de Arenio...intra comitatum Paliarensem” [presumably by way of dower, although this is not stated in the document] to “uxori meæ Valentiæ comitissæ” by charter dated 27 Oct 1056, subscribed by “Miro Mironis, Bernardi Atonis vicecomitis...”[262].

3. ARNAU (-after 7 Nov 1079). Vizconde [de Villamur]. “Raimundus Paliarensis comes...proles condam Raimundi comitis cum uxore mea Valença comitissa filiis quoque nostris Petro et Arnallo” donated property “in terra...vicecomitis Arnalli” to Tremp by charter dated 7 Nov 1079[263].

4. PEDRO . Vizconde [de Villamur]. “Petrus comes...cum fratribus meis Arnallo atque Bernardo” donated property to Muri Santa Maria by undated charter, which also lists donations made by “Arnallus...Adalais prædicti Arnalli conjux” in the presence of “domini comitis Petri et vicecomitis Petri”[264]. The document must be dated to the early 12th century because of the presence of Pedro Conde de Pallars.

5. PEDRO (-after 28 May 1158). Vizconde. "Artallus comes Paliarensis et filius meus Artalli" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 28 May 1158, subscribed by "Petri vicecomitis"[265]. same person as…? P--- (-after 31 Oct [1192]). Vizconde de Villamur. "P. viscomite de Villamur et coniux que mee domna Sanca et filiis et filiabus nostris" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 31 Oct [1192][266]. m SANCHA, daughter of --- (-after 31 Oct [1192]). "P. viscomite de Villamur et coniux que mee domna Sanca et filiis et filiabus nostris" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 31 Oct [1192][267]. P--- & his wife had [four or more] children:

a) sons . "P. viscomite de Villamur et coniux que mee domna Sanca et filiis et filiabus nostris" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 31 Oct [1192][268].

b) daughters . "P. viscomite de Villamur et coniux que mee domna Sanca et filiis et filiabus nostris" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri by charter dated 31 Oct [1192][269].

Chapter 3. CONDES de RIBAGORZA

A. CONDES de RIBAGORZA

The county of Ribagorza was part of the territory which later evolved into the kingdom of Aragon, situated in the foothills of the Pyrenees approximately between the rivers Esera (to the west) and Noguesa Ribagorza (to the east). Its main town was Benabarre. It was bound on the east by the county of Pallars, and on the west by the district of Sobrarbe. Charters from the early 9th century record donations to Alaon made by counts named Bego and Berenger, who were also counts in the county of Toulouse (see the document TOULOUSE, KINGS, DUKES & COUNTS)[270]. In 833/34, a count named Galindo was recorded in the territory[271]. He has not otherwise been identified, but his name suggests a connection with the contemporary counts of Aragon (see the document ARAGON KINGS). From the late 9th century until [1018], the county of Ribagorza was ruled by the family of counts who are set out below in Part A. In [1018], Ribargorza´s independent existence ceased when it was occupied by Sancho III "el Mayor" King of Navarre. When King Sancho divided his territories between his sons when he died in 1035, Ribargorza was joined with Sobrarbe to form the fleeting kingdom which was granted to his son Gonzalo. Ramiro I King of Aragon defeated his half-brother Gonzalo in 1045 and annexed his territories to the kingdom of Aragon. The condes de Ribagorza have been studied by Serrano (in 1912)[272] and Valls Taberner (in 1915)[273].

The origin of the family of the counts of Ribagorza is not known. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, indicates that the counts ruled “jussu Caroli regis magni”, presumably indicating simply that they were vassals of the Carolingian West Frankish kings/emperors rather than that they held the county at the time of Charlemagne, but more significantly adds “de cujus progenie esse ferebatur”[274]. No further details of this possible Carolingian ancestry have been found. The names of counts Raimundo [I] and Bernardo [I] suggest a connection with the family of the comtes de Toulouse, which was recorded between 848 and 871 as ruling the neighbouring county of Pallars (see the introduction to Chapter 2 of the present document). Other names used in the family, including Miron, Isarn (a variant of Aznar), and Lope suggest a local connection with counts in neighbouring Aragon and Catalonia.

1. GALINDO (-after [833/May 834]). Conde [de Ribagorza]. “Galindo...chomis” donated property to “abba Asaldus” at the monastery of Alaon, as his predecessor “Teodedus abba” had received, by charter dated to [833/May 834][275].

1. LOPE (-[before Apr 920]). Conde [de Ribagorza]. He is named as father of Raimundo in the charter dated Apr 920 under which the inhabitants of “in pago Paliarensi et in villa Baiene” donated property to “Regimundo comite filio Luponi comiti” who accepted it for the soul of “patris mei Luponi comitis”[276]. No reference to Conde Lope has been found in his own capacity. m ---. The name of Lope´s wife is not known. Lope & his wife had one child:

a) RAIMUNDO (-after Apr 920). It is possible that Raimundo was the same person as Raimundo [I] Conde de Ribagorza who is shown below. Conde [de Ribagorza]. “Godemirus abba” [of Gerri] exchanged property with “Raimundo comite” by charter dated 18 Aug 908[277]. In the court of “Regemundo comite”, “Adefonsus chausarius de seniore meo Isarno comite” recognised that “ecclesia domum Sancti Martini...in villa Sequere” belonged to Gerri by charter dated 29 Apr 910[278]. The inhabitants of “in pago Paliarensi et in villa Baiene” donated property to “Regimundo comite filio Luponi comiti” who accepted it for the soul of “patris mei Luponi comitis” by charter dated Apr 920[279].

[Two possible brothers]. The chronology suggests that it is unlikely that they were the same persons as the sons of Conde Raimundo [I] who inherited the county of Pallars. Maybe they were brothers of Conde Raimundo:

1. ISARN (-after 27 Apr 923). Conde [de Ribagorza]. In the court of “Regemundo comite”, “Adefonsus chausarius de seniore meo Isarno comite” recognised that “ecclesia domum Sancti Martini...in villa Sequere” belonged to Gerri by charter dated 29 Apr 910[280]. In the court of “Isarno comite”, “terminos inter Villanova et Cenzoui” were granted to the abbot of San Genesio and Santa Maria, in the presence of “ipso comite Isarno et Lopone comite”, by charter dated 27 Apr 923[281].

2. [LOPE (-after 27 Apr 923). Conde [de Ribagorza]. In the court of “Isarno comite”, “terminos inter Villanova et Cenzoui” were granted to the abbot of San Genesio and Santa Maria, in the presence of “ipso comite Isarno et Lopone comite”, by charter dated 27 Apr 923[282].]

1. MIRON (-after Apr 915). Conde [de Ribagorza]. “Albaricus” sold “III parte in...terra in castro Arinio in villa...Sancta Candida” to “domno Mirone” by charter dated Feb 913[283]. “Gaio” sold “tercia parte de terra...in Sancta Candida” to “domno Mirone comite” by charter dated Apr 915[284].

1. GUILLEM (-after Mar 947). Conde [de Ribagorza]. “Atus...episcopus...et...Guillermus...comis” donated “ecclesia...in Spelunche” to the monastery of Santa Maria and San Pedro de Lavaix by charter dated Mar 947[285].

Brother and sister, parents not known:

1. RAIMUNDO [I] (-after 893). Ibn-Hayyân records that Muhammad ibn Lubb was obliged to sell Zaragoza to Raymond comte de Pallars in 884 but that the town was recaptured by the sultan[286]. Conde de Ribargorza. “Rex Fortunio Garcianes” reviewed the territories of the monastery of San Julián de Labasal, at the request of “comite Galindo Asnar”, by charter dated 893, whose dating clause records “...Garcia Sanz in Gallias, Raimundus in Paliares, pagani...Mohomet Ebenlupu in Balleterra et Mohomet Atauel in Osca...”[287]. m ---. The Codex de Roda records that “Regemondo accepit uxor ---“ and lists as their children “Uernardo, et domno Miro, ac domno Lope, seu domno Ysarno...”; the following sentence records that "Istius uxor domna Giniguentes Asnari Datus filia fuit"[288]. Lacarra suggests these sentences should be interpreted to indicate that “Giniguentes” was the wife of Raimundo´s son Isarn. He says that, if Conde Raimundo was the husband of “Giniguentes”, her name would have followed his in the first sentence and that it is a reasonable interpretation that the second sentence relates to the wife of Isarn, particularly because “Giniguentes” is so similar to “Sinegentis” (recorded elsewhere as the name of Isarn´s wife)[289]. Raimundo [I] & his wife had five children:

a) BERNARDO [I] [Unifredo] (-[Mar 950/Nov 956], bur Ovarra). The Codex de Roda names "Uernardo et domno Miro ac domno Lope seu domno Ysarno" as the children of "Regemondo" and his wife[290]. Conde de Ribagorza.

- see below.

b) MIRÓN (-after 3 Jul 954). The Codex de Roda names "Uernardo et domno Miro ac domno Lope seu domno Ysarno" as the children of "Regemondo" and his wife[291]. “Miro comis” donated “tres villas...prope apendicio de castro Arinio...Frexanatum...Arias...Ginalbo” to the abbot of Alaon by charter dated 3 Jul 954[292]. m GEMO, daughter of ---. “Guilgemus...chomis” donated “de castello Sangici et de Os...decimam” to Ovarra monastery, for the souls of “mee Guilgelmo chomite et patrem meo Mirone chomite et matrem meam Gemo chomitissa”, by charter dated Nov 975[293]. Mirón & his wife had one child:

i) GUILLEM (-after Nov 975). Conde de Ribagorza. A charter dated Jun 962 records testimony given “in judiciio Willelmo comite” relating to property of Alaon monastery[294]. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, names “Arnaldus, Wilelmus, Isarnus, Miro, Berengarius, Bego” as “comites” after “Unifredus comes filius Ragimundi” but does not specify the family relationships between them[295]. “Guilgemus...chomis” donated “de castello Sangici et de Os...decimam” to Ovarra monastery, for the souls of “mee Guilgelmo chomite et patrem meo Mirone chomite et matrem meam Gemo chomitissa”, by charter dated Nov 975[296].

c) ATO (-955). Bishop of Pallars. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, records that “Bernardus comes...Ripacurcensis...cum Ato episcopus frater eius” expelled (“expulit”) “Mauros...de Ripacurciensi” that they may expel them “de Paliarensi terra” (“expulliset”)[297]. The late 11th century/early 12th century “Cronicó II d´Alaó”, representing a continuation of the 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, records that “in temporibus Bernardi...comitis, Ato frater eius” held “episcopatum in Ripacurcia et in Aran et Paliaris et Superarbi”, adding that he also wished to be “episcopi in Ilerda”[298]. “Atus...episcopus...et...Guillermus...comis” donated “ecclesia...in Spelunche” to the monastery of Santa Maria and San Pedro de Lavaix by charter dated Mar 947[299]. The testament of "Isarnus...comes Paliarensis et marchio", dated 13 Sep 953, bequeathes property to "fratris meo Otto episcopo" and to “Sanctæ Mariæ et Sancti Vincentii Gerrensis cœnobii...cum consilio...Sinegentis comtissæ”, and places “filiam meam Ermengarde in mudeburdo Sanctæ Mariæ Gerrensis et Sancti Vincentii”[300].

d) ISARN [Aznar] (-after 13 Sep 953). The Codex de Roda names "Uernardo et domno Miro ac domno Lope seu domno Ysarno [Aznarium]" as the children of "Regemondo" and his wife, recording that Isarn was captured "in Tutela" and released by "rex Sanzio Garseanis"[301]. Conde de Pallars.

- CONDES de PALLARS.

e) LOPE (-after 947). The Codex de Roda names "Uernardo et domno Miro ac domno Lope seu domno Ysarno" as the children of "Regemondo" and his wife[302]. A different version is provided by the end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada”, according to which “Lupum” was the son of “Borrellus Paliarensis comes”, son of Bernardo [I] Conde de Ribagorza (see above)[303].

- CONDES de PALLARS.

2. DADILDIS . The Codex de Roda records that "Garsea Scemenonis" married secondly "domna Dadildi de Paliares soror Regimundi comitis"[304]. m as his second wife, GARCÍA II Jiménez King of Pamplona, son of [JIMENO] & his wife -- (-after 885).

BERNARDO [I] [Unifredo], son of RAIMUNDO [I] Conde de Ribagorza & his wife --- (-[Mar 950/Nov 956], bur Ovarra). The Codex de Roda names "Uernardo et domno Miro ac domno Lope seu domno Ysarno" as the children of "Regemondo" and his wife[305]. Conde de Ribagorza. Al-Udri records that "Sanyo señor de Pamplona" allied himself with "Amrus ibn Muhammad señor de Barbastro", who brought "Bernat ibn Raymund señor de Pallars", to attack "el castillo de Monzón", dated A.H. 207 [919/20][306]. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, records that “Bernardus comes...Ripacurcensis...cum Ato episcopus frater eius” expelled (“expulit”) “Mauros...de Ripacurciensi” that they may expel them “de Paliarensi terra” (“expulliset”)[307]. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, records that “Bernardus comes...Ripacurcensis” married “filiam Galindonis...Tota” with whom he obtained “Superarbiam terram” and populated it[308]. The late 11th century/early 12th century “Cronicó II d´Alaó”, representing a continuation of the 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, records that “Bernardus comes” held “comitatum de Lecrimas usque in Madirero”[309]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” records that “Bernardus comes Ripacurcie” built the monastery of Ovarra and was buried there with his wife[310]. “Bernardus comes Ripacurcie et uxor mea Tota comitissa filia Galindonis comitis Aragonis” founded Ovarra “in pao Ripacurcense...prope flumen Hysavana”, with the consent of “filiorum nostrorum Raymundus comes et Borellus comes”, by charter dated Jul “Era DCCLXXXI” [misdated][311]. “Unifredus...comis” donated “villarum meum Manciverti” to “Adtroharius presbiter...advocatus abbas in monasterio...Lavavis” by charter dated 30 Apr 939[312]. “Bernardus...comes” donated “una vinea in villa...Calvaria...in loco...ad Fonte Nocis” to the monastery of Ovarra by charter dated Sep 947[313]. “Unifredo conde de Ribagorza” donated property to Alaon by charter dated May 949, signed by “Hunifredus chomis et alium nomen vochabulo est Bernardus”[314]. “Unifredus...comes” donated “locum...Sancto Vincencio in valle Supedrunio” to Lavaix by charter dated Mar 950[315].

m TOTA, daughter of GALINDO [II] Aznar Conde de Aragón & his first wife Acibella de Gascogne (-after Apr 941, bur Ovarra). The Codex de Roda names "domna Tota…domnus Redemtus episcopus et domno Miro" as the children of "Galindo Asnari" and his first wife Acibella, stating that Toda married "Uernardi comitis"[316]. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, records that “Bernardus comes...Ripacurcensis” married “filiam Galindonis...Tota” with whom he obtained “Superarbiam terram” and populated it[317]. “Eldebonus et uxor mea Tanani” sold property “in Lorroi” to “Tota commetissa” by charter dated Feb [930/36][318]. “Galito” sold “terra in valle Ripacorca in loco...villa Singalli” to “Tota Galindonis” by charter dated May 939[319]. “Dulcidius et uxor mea Helesea” sold “terra in valle Ripachorca in loco...Intramas Aquas” to “Tota chomitissa” by charter dated May 940[320]. “Centullus” sold property “in castro Poga Circuso in loco...in Rio Petruso” to “Tota Galindonis” by charter dated Apr 941[321]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Totam filiam Galindonis comitis Aragonensis” as wife of “Bernardus comes Ripacurcie”, adding that they built the monastery of Ovarra where they were both buried[322]. “Bernardus comes Ripacurcie et uxor mea Tota comitissa filia Galindonis comitis Aragonis” founded Ovarra “in pao Ripacurcense...prope flumen Hysavana”, with the consent of “filiorum nostrorum Raymundus comes et Borellus comes”, by charter dated Jul “Era DCCLXXXI” [misdated][323].

Bernardo [I] & his wife had [six] children:

1. RAIMUNDO [II] (-[960/Dec 964]). The Codex de Roda names "Regemundo ac domno Galindo seu domna Aba" as the children of "Uernardus" and his wife[324]. “Bernardus comes Ripacurcie et uxor mea Tota comitissa filia Galindonis comitis Aragonis” founded Ovarra “in pao Ripacurcense...prope flumen Hysavana”, with the consent of “filiorum nostrorum Raymundus comes et Borellus comes”, by charter dated Jul “Era DCCLXXXI” [misdated][325]. Conde de Ribagorza. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, names “Ragimundus comes...filius eius [Bernardus comes...Ripacurcensis...[et] filiam Galindonis...Tota” adding that he lived “temporibus Ludovici filii Karoli” [Louis IV “d´Outremer” King of the West Franks, which is anachronistic in light of the dates of this family as noted from other sources][326]. The late 11th century/early 12th century “Cronicó II d´Alaó”, representing a continuation of the 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, records that “Bernardus comes” when he died divided “comitatum tribus” between “suis filiis: Raimundo Ripacurcia, Borrello Paliaris, Mironi de flumine Nogarole usque in Nogariam”, adding that when Miro died his territory was divided between his brothers and that “Raimundus tenuit Ripacurciam usque in Caton et Valle Boinam et Sanctum Petrum de Nubibus et Superarsi usque in Madirero”[327]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Regimundum et Borrelum et Mironem” as the three sons of “Bernardus comes Ripacurcie” and his wife, adding that Raimundo inherited Ribagorza including “villam bonam et sanctum Petrum de nubibus et Superarbiam usque ut in Madierro”[328]. “Ragimundus...comes...et coniux mea [Gar]sindis...comitissa” elevated Roda to a bishopric by charter dated 1 Dec 956[329]. “Regimundus…commes…et coniux mea Eresindis” donated property for the monastery of San Vicente by charter which is dated 1 Dec “anno regnante Leutario rege” and also quotes the date “957”[330]. “Ragimundus...comes et marchio” donated property “in pao Esterritano...pennella Girundella et...villare...Salinas” to Lavaix by charter dated Mar 958[331]. “Raymundus comes et Gassindis comitissa” consecrated “domum Sanct Cecilie...in comitatu Ripacornsem in castro Fontova” by charter dated 1 Jan [960][332]. “Raymundus comes filius Bernardi” donated “villas Sillvi et Villa Recones et Rio Petruso” to the monastery of Orvara in exchange for dower given to “filia mea Ava” by charter dated [960][333]. m GERSENDE de Fezensac, daughter of GUILLAUME García Comte de Fezensac & his wife --- (-after Dec [990]). The Codex de Roda names "domna --- Gilelmo Garsias filia" as the wife of "Regemundus"[334]. Another passage in the Codex de Roda names "Regemundus de Fedenzac, et Oton, ac Fridolo, et Bernardo, at domna ---" as the children of "Gilelmo Garsies" and his unnamed wife, stating that the unnamed daughter was the mother of "domne Abe comitisse"[335]. Her name is indicated by the undated charter under which “Unifredus comes” donated property “ad Stum Petrum de Lastanosa”, for the souls of “parente meo Raimundo comite et…matre mea Gersinde comittissa”[336]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Garsendis…de Gallis” as wife of “Regimundi…comes Ripacurcie”[337]. “Ragimundus...comes...et coniux mea [Gar]sindis...comitissa” elevated Roda to a bishopric by charter dated 1 Dec 956[338]. “Regimundus…commes…et coniux mea Eresindis” donated property for the monastery of San Vicente by charter which is dated 1 Dec “anno regnante Leutario rege” and also quotes the date “957”[339]. “Raymundus comes et Gassindis comitissa” consecrated “domum Sanct Cecilie...in comitatu Ripacornsem in castro Fontova” by charter dated 1 Jan [960][340]. “Hunifredus chomes et fratres mei et mater mea” donated property to “Oriulfo presbitero” by charter dated 29 Dec 964[341]. “Hunifredus comis et matrem suam Arsindis chomitissa et filia mea Tota et nuru sua Sancia...et fratres mei...Arnallus et Isarnus sive episcopus Hodisindus cuius diocescum est Ripacorcense” granted pasturage rights to Alaon by charter dated Jul 975[342]. “Garsinnis chometissa et...Isarnus...comes sive germana mea Tota chometissa” donated “villa...Chalvaria, alia Chastello Citi, alios duos Morecenes” to Ovarra monastery by charter dated Dec [990], subscribed by “Garsinnis chometissa et filio meo Isarno et Tota filia mea”[343]. Raimundo [II] & his wife had six children:

a) UNIFREDO (-[980/81], bur Alaon). The Codex de Roda names "domno Unifredus ac domnus Arnaldus, seu Ysarno, ac domna Aba Castelle comitissa" as the children of "Regemundus" and his wife[344]. A Fragmentum historicum in the cartulary of Alaon names “Unifredus, Arnaldus et Isarnus et Odisendus Episcopus” as the sons of “Regimundi…comitis”[345]. Conde de Ribagorza. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, names “Unifredus comes filius Ragimundi...et Odissendus frater eius episcopus” adding that he lived “temporibus Lotarii” [Lothaire King of the West Franks][346]. “Hunifredus chomes et fratres mei et mater mea” donated property to “Oriulfo presbitero” by charter dated 29 Dec 964[347]. “Unifredus comes” donated property “ad Stum Petrum de Lastanosa”, for the souls of “parente meo Raimundo comite et…matre mea Gersinde comittissa”, by undated charter[348]. A charter dated 970 records the appointment of the abbot of Alaon after consulting “domnus Unif[redus co]mite et fratres eius Arnaldo et Isarno”[349]. “Unifredo [comite]...et conjux mea Sancia nomine Tota” consecrated “ecclesiam...beati Stephani...in comitatum Riparcuciense prope...abne...Isavena” by charter dated 19 Sep 972[350]. “Atho Ripa-curiæ comes…” confirmed a donation by charter dated 8 Feb 973, naming “…comite Vaifaredo congermano meo in Ripa-curia et in Pallaria” in the dating clause[351]. The word “congermano” suggests that “Vaifaredo” and Ato were brought up together, although it is uncertain whether this also implies a blood relationship. Ato´s birth is fixed to [924/25], and no references have been found to his father after that date. It is possibly that Ato´s father died soon afterwards and that his mother remarried with the father of “Vaifaredo”. “Hunifredus comis et matrem suam Arsindis chomitissa et filia mea Tota et nuru sua Sancia...et fratres mei...Arnallus et Isarnus sive episcopus Hodisindus cuius diocescum est Ripacorcense” granted pasturage rights to Alaon by charter dated Jul 975[352]. “Hunifredo chomite et conjux sua Sancia” requested the consecration of the churches of Santa Maria and San Pedro at Alaon by charter dated 30 May 977[353]. “Hunifredus...comis dux atque marchio” donated “cellulam...Sancta Candida” to Alaon by charter dated 978, witnessed by “Galindo Mangonis et domno Actoni filium Mironi et domnus Altemirus et domnus Galindo”[354]. “Hunifredus...comis et...Sancia conjugem suam” donated the church of Santa Maria “in illo rio prope castro Acisculis” to Alaon by charter dated Mar 979[355]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” records that “Unifredus frater [error for filius]…Regimundi comes Ripacurcie“ was buried with his wife at Alaon[356]. m SANCHA, daughter of --- (-after Mar 979, bur Alaon). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Sanciam” as wife of “Unifredus frater [error for filius]…Regimundi comes Ripacurcie“, adding that she died childless and was buried with her husband at Alaon[357]. “Unifredo [comite]...et conjux mea Sancia nomine Tota” consecrated “ecclesiam...beati Stephani...in comitatum Riparcuciense prope...abne...Isavena” by charter dated 19 Sep 972[358]. [“Hunifredus comis et matrem suam Arsindis chomitissa et filia mea Tota et nuru sua Sancia...et fratres mei...Arnallus et Isarnus sive episcopus Hodisindus cuius diocescum est Ripacorcense” granted pasturage rights to Alaon by charter dated Jul 975[359]. The use of the possessive adjectives “mea...sua” complicates the interpretation of the family relationships which are stated in this document: if “filia mea Tota” relates to “Hunifredus comis”, the chronology is unfavorable for “nuru sua Sancia” to have been Tota´s daughter-in-law, if “filia mea Tota” relates to “Arsindis chomitissa”, “nuru sua Sancia” could still not apply to Tota who was childless. One possibility is that “mea...sua” are used inconsistently, that “nuru sua Sancia” relates to “Arsindis chomitissa”, and that therefore Sancha was Hunifredo´s wife.] “Hunifredo chomite et conjux sua Sancia” requested the consecration of the churches of Santa Maria and San Pedro at Alaon by charter dated 30 May 977[360]. “Hunifredus...comis et...Sancia conjugem suam” donated the church of Santa Maria “in illo rio prope castro Acisculis” to Alaon by charter dated Mar 979[361]. Unifredo & his wife had [one child]:

i) [TODA (-after Jul 975). “Hunifredus comis et matrem suam Arsindis chomitissa et filia mea Tota et nuru sua Sancia...et fratres mei...Arnallus et Isarnus sive episcopus Hodisindus cuius diocescum est Ripacorcense” granted pasturage rights to Alaon by charter dated Jul 975[362]. As noted above, there are difficulties in interpreting the family relationships represented in this document because of the inconsistent use of the possessive adjectives “mea...sua”. One possibility is that “filia mea Tota” refers to the daughter of Unifredo, although this seems less likely than that she was the daughter of “Arsindis chomitissa”.]

b) ARNALDO (-after 990). The Codex de Roda names "domno Unifredus ac domnus Arnaldus, seu Ysarno, ac domna Aba Castelle comitissa" as the children of "Regemundus" and his wife[363]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Unifredus, Arnaldus et Isarnus et Odisendus Episcopus” as the sons of “Regimundi…comitis”[364]. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, names “Arnaldus, Wilelmus, Isarnus, Miro, Berengarius, Bego” as “comites” after “Unifredus comes filius Ragimundi” but does not specify the family relationships between them[365]. “Hunifredus chomes et fratres mei et mater mea” donated property to “Oriulfo presbitero” by charter dated 29 Dec 964[366]. “Arnaldus...comis et marchio” donated “in pago Exterritano...vila Ventolano” to the monastery of Lavaix by charter dated Mar 966[367]. A charter dated 970 records the appointment of the abbot of Alaon after consulting “domnus Unif[redus co]mite et fratres eius Arnaldo et Isarno”[368]. “Hunifredus comis et matrem suam Arsindis chomitissa et filia mea Tota et nuru sua Sancia...et fratres mei...Arnallus et Isarnus sive episcopus Hodisindus cuius diocescum est Ripacorcense” granted pasturage rights to Alaon by charter dated Jul 975[369].

c) ISARN [Aznar] (-killed in battle Monte Sion after Dec [990]). The Codex de Roda names "domno Unifredus ac domnus Arnaldus, seu Ysarno, ac domna Aba Castelle comitissa" as the children of "Regemundus" and his wife[370]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Unifredus, Arnaldus et Isarnus et Odisendus Episcopus” as the sons of “Regimundi…comitis”, adding in a later passage that Isarn succeeded his brother as count but was killed by the Moors “in Monte Sion”[371]. “Hunifredus chomes et fratres mei et mater mea” donated property to “Oriulfo presbitero” by charter dated 29 Dec 964[372]. A charter dated 970 records the appointment of the abbot of Alaon after consulting “domnus Unif[redus co]mite et fratres eius Arnaldo et Isarno”[373]. “Hunifredus comis et matrem suam Arsindis chomitissa et filia mea Tota et nuru sua Sancia...et fratres mei...Arnallus et Isarnus sive episcopus Hodisindus cuius diocescum est Ripacorcense” granted pasturage rights to Alaon by charter dated Jul 975[374]. Conde de Ribagorza. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, names “Arnaldus, Wilelmus, Isarnus, Miro, Berengarius, Bego” as “comites” after “Unifredus comes filius Ragimundi” but does not specify the family relationships between them[375]. “Garsinnis chometissa et...Isarnus...comes sive germana mea Tota chometissa” donated “villa...Chalvaria, alia Chastello Citi, alios duos Morecenes” to Ovarra monastery by charter dated Dec [990], subscribed by “Garsinnis chometissa et filio meo Isarno et Tota filia mea”[376]. Isarn had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

i) GUILLEM Isárnez (-[1018]). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” records that “Tota soror Unifredi” married “post mortem Ysarni fratris sui...Suniarium nepotem suum” and that, childless after her husband died, she sent “ad Castellam per nepotem suum...Guillelmum Ysarni, quem genuerat Ysarnus prefatus ex concubina, qui erat in curia regis Sancii avunculi sui”[377]. Conde de Ribagorza. “…Comite Guillelmo in Ripa-curtia, comite Raimundo in Palliares” are named in the dating clause of a charter dated 22 Sep 1005 under which “Atho vicecomes de Sola” confirmed the foundation of the monastery of Alaon[378]. “Vilelmus Isarni prolis...comes” granted property “in Supetrungo” to “fidele meum Bradilane” by charter dated Mar “anno II regnante Guilelmo comite”[379]. “Uilgelmus chomes” donated “villa...Archas Iufed” to Ovarra, for the souls of “meos parentes...Garsindis comitissa et Ysarno comite patrem meo et Tota comitissa”, by charter dated Jul 1003[380]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” records that, after the death of “Guillelmum Ysarni, quem genuerat Ysarnus prefatus ex concubina”, Ribagorza was inherited by “rex Sancius...jure propinquitatis”, explained because “Major comitissa soror comitis Sancii de Castella” married “comitis Paliarensis Raimundi Suniarii” and remained in Ribagorza after their marriage was ended “consanguinitatis causa”, and because “rex Sancius Pampilonensis” married “filiam predicti comitis Sancii de Castella...Majorem”[381].

d) ODISENDO (-after Jul 975). Bishop of Pallars 956. The 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, from the archives of Roda, names “Unifredus comes filius Ragimundi...et Odissendus frater eius episcopus” adding that he lived “temporibus Lotarii” [Lothaire King of the West Franks][382]. The late 11th century/early 12th century “Cronicó II d´Alaó”, representing a continuation of the 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, records that “Odisendus frater Uinifredus comitis” succeeded “Oriulfus” in “episcopatum in Ripacurcia et in Aran et Paliaris et Superarbi”[383]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Unifredus, Arnaldus et Isarnus et Odisendus Episcopus” as the sons of “Regimundi…comitis”[384]. “Hunifredus comis et matrem suam Arsindis chomitissa et filia mea Tota et nuru sua Sancia...et fratres mei...Arnallus et Isarnus sive episcopus Hodisindus cuius diocescum est Ripacorcense” granted pasturage rights to Alaon by charter dated Jul 975[385].

e) AVA (-after 995, bur San Pedro de Cerdaña). The Codex de Roda names "domno Unifredus ac domnus Arnaldus, seu Ysarno, ac domna Aba Castelle comitissa" as the children of "Regemundus" and his wife[386]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” records that “Ova filia Regimundi” married “comitis Sanctii de Castella” (error for García)[387]. “Raymundus comes filius Bernardi” donated “villas Sillvi et Villa Recones et Rio Petruso” to the monastery of Orvara in exchange for dower given to “filia mea Ava” by charter dated [960][388]. "Garcia comes" and his wife "Ava" donated property to the monastery of Arlanza by charter dated 12 Jul 970[389]. "Garsea Ferrandiz comite…cum coniuge mea Ava comitissa" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 26 Apr 971[390]. "Garssia Ferdinandi…comes et imperator Castelle…cum uxore mea Abba comitisse" granted fuero to Castrojeriz by charter dated 8 Mar 974, subscribed by "Sanctio filio nostra, Urraca filia nostra…"[391]. "Garsias Ferdinandez…cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of San Cosme y San Damian de Covarrubias, offering "filiam…nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978[392]. According to popular legend, she fomented revolt against her husband and even offered her hand in marriage to a Muslim in exchange for killing Count García, but the historical accuracy of this is doubtful[393]. m ([958/61]) GARCÍA Fernández Conde de Castilla, son of FERNANDO González Conde de Castilla & his first wife Sancha Sánchez de Navarra (-Córdoba 29 Jul 995, bur Tres Santos, Córdoba, later moved to San Pedro de Cerdaña).

f) TODA (-after 1010). The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” records that “Tota soror Unifredi” married “post mortem Ysarni fratris sui...Suniarium nepotem suum” and that, childless after her husband died, she sent “ad Castellam per nepotem suum...Guillelmum Ysarni, quem genuerat Ysarnus prefatus ex concubina, qui erat in curia regis Sancii avunculi sui”[394]. [“Hunifredus comis et matrem suam Arsindis chomitissa et filia mea Tota et nuru sua Sancia...et fratres mei...Arnallus et Isarnus sive episcopus Hodisindus cuius diocescum est Ripacorcense” granted pasturage rights to Alaon by charter dated Jul 975[395]. As noted above, there are difficulties in interpreting the family relationships represented in this document because of the inconsistent use of the possessive adjectives “mea...sua”. One possibility is that “filia mea Tota” refers to the daughter of Unifredo, although this seems less likely than that she was the daughter of “Arsindis chomitissa”.] “Garsinnis chometissa et...Isarnus...comes sive germana mea Tota chometissa” donated “villa...Chalvaria, alia Chastello Citi, alios duos Morecenes” to Ovarra monastery by charter dated Dec [990], subscribed by “Garsinnis chometissa et filio meo Isarno et Tota filia mea”[396]. m as his second wife, SUNYER Conde de Pallars, son of LOPE de Pallars & his wife Gotruda de Cerdanya (-1010).

2. GALINDO (-after 930). The Codex de Roda names "Regemundo ac domno Galindo seu domna Aba" as the children of "Uernardus" and his wife[397]. m ([930]) as her second husband, VELASQUITA de Navarra, widow of MUNIO [Vélaz] Conde de Vizcaya, daughter of SANCHO I García King of Navarre & his second wife Toda Aznárez. The Codex de Roda names "Garsea rex et domna Onneca et domna Sanzia et domna Urraca…domna Belasquita, necnon et domna Orbita" as the children of "Sanzio Garseanis" and his wife "Tota Asnari", stating that Velasquita married "domni Momi comitis Bizcahiensis", secondly "domni Galindi filium Uernardi comitis et domne Tute" and thirdly "Furtunio Galindonis"[398]. She married thirdly Fortún Galíndez Señor en Nájera.

3. BORRELL . The late 11th century/early 12th century “Cronicó II d´Alaó”, representing a continuation of the 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, records that “Bernardus comes” when he died divided “comitatum tribus” between “suis filiis: Raimundo Ripacurcia, Borrello Paliaris, Mironi de flumine Nogarole usque in Nogariam”, adding that when Miro died his territory was divided between his brothers[399]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Regimundum et Borrelum et Mironem” as the three sons of “Bernardus comes Ripacurcie” and his wife, adding that Borrell inherited Pallars[400]. “Bernardus comes Ripacurcie et uxor mea Tota comitissa filia Galindonis comitis Aragonis” founded Ovarra “in pao Ripacurcense...prope flumen Hysavana”, with the consent of “filiorum nostrorum Raymundus comes et Borellus comes”, by charter dated Jul “Era DCCLXXXI” [misdated][401]. m ---. The name of Borrell´s wife is not known. Borrell & his wife had [one child]:

a) [LOPE . The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Lupum” as the son of “Borrellus Paliarensis comes” and names the descendants of Lope[402]. This contradicts the Codex de Roda, according to which Lope was the son of Raimundo [I] Conde de Ribagorza (see below).]

4. MIRO . The late 11th century/early 12th century “Cronicó II d´Alaó”, representing a continuation of the 11th century “Crónico de Domènec”, records that “Bernardus comes” when he died divided “comitatum tribus” between “suis filiis: Raimundo Ripacurcia, Borrello Paliaris, Mironi de flumine Nogarole usque in Nogariam”, adding that when Miro died his territory was divided between his brothers[403]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” names “Regimundum et Borrelum et Mironem” as the three sons of “Bernardus comes Ripacurcie” and his wife, adding that Miro inherited land “de Noharia flumine usque in Nochariolam” but died childless, his lands being divided between his brothers[404].

5. AVA . The Codex de Roda names "Regemundo ac domno Galindo seu domna Aba" as the children of "Uernardus" and his wife[405].

6. [daughter . Her parentage and marriage are indicated by Al-Udri who records that "un emisario de su cuñado Raymund señor de Pallars" offered shelter to "Muhammad ibn Lubb", but betrayed her husband (see above), dated to A.H. 316 [929] from the context[406]. It is assumed that "Raymund señor de Pallars" indicates Raimundo [II] Conde de Ribagorza, which would mean that the wife of Muhammad ibn Lubb was the daughter of Conde Bernardo [I], but this is not beyond all doubt. m (before 929) MUHAMMAD ibn Lubb, son of LUBB ibn Muhammad (-murdered [Jul/Aug] 929).]

B. KING of RIBAGORZA and SOBRARBE 1035-1045

1. GONZALO de Navarra, son of SANCHO III "el Mayor" King of Navarre & his wife Munia Mayor de Castilla (-murdered Monclus 26 Jun 1045, bur San Victorian). "Sancius…rex" recommended the rule of St Benedict to the monastery of Leire by charter dated 21 Oct 1022, subscribed by "Eximina regina mater regis, Regina domna Muma, Garsia et Ranimirus, Gundesalbus et Fernandus"[407]. Under the division of territories organised by his father prior to his death, he received Sobrarbe and Ribagorza in north Aragon, succeeding in 1035 as GONZALO King of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. His half-brother Ramiro I King of Aragon defeated him and annexed Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. The Crónica de San Juan de Peña states that Gonzalo was killed "en el puent de Monclus" and buried "en Sant Vitorian"[408]. The end 13th century “Crònica d´Alaó Renovada” records that “rex Sancius Pampilonensis...filium suum Gonzaldum” was installed by his father “in Rippacurtiam...comitem in ibi” but was killed “apud Alascorre”[409].

Chapter 4. FAMILY of the KINGS of ARAGON (JUNIOR BRANCHES)

A. BARONES de AYERBE

PEDRO de Aragón, son of JAIME I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon & his third wife Teresa Gil de Vidaure ([1259]-1318). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "Jayme de Xérica et…Pedro de Ayerue" as the children of King Jaime and "Doña Teresa Gil de Bidaure"[410]. Under the testament of "Jacobus…Rex Aragoniæ, Majoricarum et Valenciæ, Comes Barchinonæ et Urgelli, et Dominus Montispessulani", dated 26 Aug 1272, the king made bequests to "…filios nostros Jacobum et Petrum quos legitime…ex Domna Teresia Ægidii de Bidaure…"[411]. Señor de Ayerbe.

m ALDONZA de Cervera, daughter of JAIME de Cervera & his wife ---. Zurita records that King Jaime I arranged the marriage in his lifetime of “Don Pedro Señor de la Baronia de Ayerue” and “Doña Aldonça de Ceruera hija de D. Iayme de Ceruera”[412].

Pedro & his wife had three children:

1. BLANCA de Ayerbe . m FERNANDO López de Luna, son of ---. Ricohombre de Aragón.

2. PEDRO de Ayerbe . Barón de Ayerbe, Granén, Robres y Arnueso. m (before 28 Dec 1312) VIOLANTE, daughter of ---. “Iolant uxor...Petri domini de Ayerbio” issued a charter dated 28 Dec 1312[413]. “Iolant de Grecia” issued a charter dated 17 Aug 1314[414]. Her name in the second charter shows the probability that Violante was descended from Evdokia Laskarina and her husband Guillaume Pierre de Vintimille. One possibility is that she was the daughter of Arnau Roger [I] Conde de Paillars and his wife [Lascara], who was the daughter of Evdokia and her husband. If that is correct, this would have been Violante’s second marriage. This suggestion appears inconsistent with Zurita who records that “Doña Violante de Pallas, hermana de la Condesa Doña Sibilia” married “Don Ximeno Cornel hijo de D. Pedro Cornel y de D. Urraca Artal de Luna”, and names their son “Don Thomas Cornel” and his descendants, in 1297[415], unless Violante married Pedro as her second husband. Mistress (1): MARÍA Bertrán de Alivern, daughter of ---. Pedro & his wife had two children:

a) CONSTANZA de Ayerbe . Zurita records that “doña Costança...hija mayor [de don Pedro de Ayerue y de doña Violante de Grecia]” died “donzella” leaving “Maria Perez su hermana” as her heir[416].

b) MARÍA de Ayerbe . Zurita records that “don Pedro Cornel” married “doña Maria Lopez de Ayerue...hija de don Pedro de Ayerue y de doña Violante de Grecia”[417]. She succeeded her father as Baronesa de Ayerbe. m PEDRO Cornel Señor de Alfajarín, son of ---.

Pedro had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

c) SANCHO López de Ayerbe (-1357). Bishop of Tarragona. Archbishop of Tarragona.

d) CONSTANZA de Ayerbe .

3. TERESA de Ayerbe ). m GUILLÉN de Moncada Señor de Fraga, son of --- (-1329).

Pedro had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

4. JAIME de Ayerbe . Barone di Paternoy.

- BARONI di PATERNOY, CONTI di SIMARI, MARCHESI di GROTTERIA, PRINCIPI di CASSANO.

B. BARONES de EJÉRICA [1280]-1362

JAIME Fernández de Aragón, son of JAIME I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon & his third wife Teresa Gil de Vidaure ([1255/60]-1285). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "Jayme de Xérica et…Pedro de Ayerue" as the children of King Jaime and "Doña Teresa Gil de Bidaure"[418]. Under the testament of "Jacobus…Rex Aragoniæ, Majoricarum et Valenciæ, Comes Barchinonæ et Urgelli, et Dominus Montispessulani", dated 26 Aug 1272, the king made bequests to "…filios nostros Jacobum et Petrum quos legitime…ex Domna Teresia Ægidii de Bidaure…"[419]. Barón de Ejérica.

m ([1276]) ELSA Álvarez de Azagra, daughter of ÁLVAR Pérez de Azagra, Señor de Albarracín & his [first] wife Inés de Navarra. Zurita records that King Jaime I arranged the marriage in his lifetime of “D. Iayme Señor de Exerica” and “Doña Elisa hija de Don Aluar Perez de Açagra señor de Albarrazin”[420].

Jaime [I] & his wife had one child:

1. JAIME [II] de Aragón ([1276]-1321). He succeeded his father in 1285 as Barón de Ejérica. Alférez mayor de Aragón. m (1296) BEATRIZ de Lauria Señora de Cocentaina, daughter of ROGER de Lauria, Grand Admiral of Aragon and Sicily & his first wife Margherita di Lancia. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records the marriage of the eldest daughter of "Roger de Luria" and his wife "la sœur de Corral Llança" and "Don Jacques de Xirica, neveu du roi Pierre"[421]. Jaime [II] & his wife had six children:

a) JAIME [III] de Ejérica ([1298]-[11/28] Apr 1335). He succeeded his father in 1321 as Barón de Ejérica. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner names "le noble don Jacques de Xirica…et son frère don Pedro de Xirica" among those present at the coronation of Alfonso IV King of Aragon (in 1328)[422]. Zurita records the death in 1335 of “don Jayme Señor de Exerica”[423]. m (1326) as her second husband, MARIE of Sicily, widow of SANCHO I King of Mallorca, daughter of CHARLES II King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Maria of Hungary (1290-[end Apr 1346/Jan 1347]). Zurita records that “don Jayme Señor de Exerica” married “la Reyna doña Maria hermana del Rey Roberto, muger que fue del Rey don Sancho de Mallorca”, by whom he was childless[424]. She was imprisoned at Jerica, Aragón 1331 by Alfonso IV King of Aragon, transferred to Valencia. Her brother Roberto I King of Sicily arranged her release, and she left Valencia after Jun 1337 for Barjals in Provence[425].

b) PEDRO de Ejérica ([1302]-1362). The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner names "le noble don Jacques de Xirica…et son frère don Pedro de Xirica" among those present at the coronation of Alfonso IV King of Aragon (in 1328)[426]. He succeeded his brother in 1335 as Barón de Ejérica. Zurita records the death in 1335 of “don Jayme Señor de Exerica” and the succession of “don Pedro su hermano”[427]. He supported dowager Queen Leonor, widow of Alfonso IV King of Aragon, in her struggle with her stepson Pedro IV King of Aragon over her own sons' rights, and was threatened with prosecution in 1338. Reconciled with the King, he was appointed Governor of Valencia and became one of Pedro IV's main allies in the latter's struggle with the unionist movement in Aragon led by the King's brother Jaime. m (contract 1328, 1331) BONAVENTURA di Arborea, daughter of UGONE [II] di Basso [Serra=Cervera] Giudice di Arborea & his wife --- (-[1375/78]). Zurita records the marriage contract agreed 1328 between “don Pedro de Exerica” and “doña Buenauentura de Arborea...hija mayor del Iuez de Arborea”[428]. Mistress (1): MARÍA Pérez, daughter of ---. Pedro & his wife had four children:

i) BEATRIZ de Ejérica ([1335]-after 1373). Zurita records the failed negotiations in 1355 to marry “Ugo de Arborea” and “doña Beatriz de Exerica su prima...hija de don Pedro de Exerica y de doña Buenaventura”[429]. Baronesa de Cocentaina. Zurita records that “el Rey don Luys” left “don Antonio de Aragon”, son of “el Rey don Luys”, married “doña Beatriz hija mayor de don Pedro de Exerica” but “no dexarón succession”[430]. The chronology indicates that Beatriz was much older than her husband. m ANTONIO de Aragón bastard of Sicily, illegitimate son of LUIGI King of Sicily & his mistress --- ([1350/55]-).

ii) VENTURA de Ejérica ([1338]-after 1382). m as his second wife, ANDRE de Fenouillet Vicomte d'Ille et de Canet, son of PIERRE de Fenouillet Vicomte de l’Ille-sur-Têt & his wife Marquèse --- (-after 18 Dec 1384).

iii) ELSA de Ejérica ([1340]-after 1380). Zurita records that “don Pedro de Luna Señor de Almonezir y Pola” was appointed “Capitan general” in Sardinia in 1367 “porque doña Elfa de Exerica su muger tenia mucho deudo con el Iuez de Arborea”[431]. m PEDRO Martínez de Luna Señor de Almonacid y Pola, son of PEDRO Martínez de Luna & his wife Marchesa di Saluzzo (-killed in battle Sardinia 1368).

iv) JUANA de Ejérica (1342-after 1382). m JUAN Sánchez Manuel, son of SANCHO Manuel [de Castilla] Señor de Infantado y Carrión & his wife Inés García de Toledo (after 1325-Alcaraz 1390). Conde de Carrión 1368.

Pedro had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

v) JUAN ALONSO de Ejérica (-Apr 1369). Zurita names “Iuan Alonso de Exerica hijo de don Pedro de Exerica”[432]. He succeeded his father in 1362 as Barón de Ejérica. Zurita records the death in Apr 1369 of “don Juan Alonso de Exerica que tenia gran parte del estado que fue de don Pedro de Exerica su padre, aunque no era legitimo” childless, on which his “baronia” reverted to the crown[433].

c) BEATRIZ de Ejérica ([1305]-after 1372). The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Pedro Ponzo" married "D. Beatriz hija de D. Jaime de Xerica"[434]. Zurita names “doña Beatriz de Exerica” as wife of “don Pedro Ponce de Leon Señor de Macehena”[435]. m PEDRO Ponce de León Señor de Marchena, son of FERNANDO Pérez Ponce de León & his wife Isabel de Guzmán.

d) ALFONSO de Ejérica ([1308]-1355). Zurita names “don Alonso Roger de Lauria...hermano de don Pedro de Exerica”[436]. He succeeded his mother as Señor de Cocentaina, adopting the surname "de Lloria". m MARÍA de Cardona, daughter of HUGO Folch [I] Vizconde de Cardona & his wife Beatriz de Anglesola (-1360).

Mistress (1): TERESA del Puerto, daughter of ---. Alfonso had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

i) JUAN ALFONSO de Lloria [Lauria] ([1330]-after 1369). Legitimated 1369[437]. m CONSTANZA de Mallorca, illegitimate daughter of JAIME III [de Aragón] King of Mallorca & his mistress --- ([1337]-).

e) MARÍA Álvarez de Ejérica ([1310]-before 1364). Zurita records the marriage contract agreed 1328 between “don Pedro hijo mayor del Juez de Arborea” and “doña Maria Alvarez de Exerica...hermana mayor de don Jayme”[438]. Betrothed (1328) to PIETRO [III] di Basso di Arborea, son of UGONE di Basso Judge of Arborea & his wife --- (-1347). He succeeded his father in 1336 as Judge of Arborea. m firstly (1335) GUGLIELMO of Sicily Principe di Tarento, Duke of Athens and Neopatrai, son of FEDERIGO I King of Sicily [Aragón] & his wife Eléonore of Sicily [Anjou] (1312-Valencia 22 Aug 1338, bur Palermo). m secondly (Valencia 1338) as his second wife, Infante don RAMÓN BERENGUER de Aragón Conde de Prades, son of JAIME II King of Aragon & his wife Blanche of Sicily [Anjou] ([1308]-Barcelona 1364). Conde de Ampurias 1341.

f) TERESA Álvarez de Ejérica ([1312]-before 1321).

C. FERNÁNDEZ de HIJAR, BARONES de HIJAR

PEDRO Fernández, illegitimate son of JAIME I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon & his mistress Berenguela Fernández (before [1242]-after Jun 1297). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "Ferrant Sanchez de Castro et…Pedro Ferrandez de Ixar" as the children of King Jaime by "otras dueñas"[439]. His birth date is indicated by the following document issued when Pedro had presumably reached the age of majority. The bishop of Valencia reached agreement with “domino Petro Ferrandiç...filio...regis Aragonum” concerning “decimarum...in Bugnol et...in Ribarroga” by charter dated 6 Oct 1260[440]. Zurita names “Doña Berenguela Fernandez” as the mother of “D. Pedro Fernandez” to whom his father granted “la baronia de Ixar”[441]. The bishop of Valencia reached agreement with “domino Petro Ferrandiç...filio...regis Aragonum” concerning “decimarum...in Bugnol et...in Ribarroga” by charter dated 6 Oct 1260[442]. Viceroy in Valencia: “don Pero Ferrándiz fillo del...rey d’Aragón e tenient lugar suyo en el regno de Valencia” granted protections to the “aljama del castiello de Bes...”, and granted property “en término de Bunyol...”, by charter dated 29 Jul 1266, reproduced in the confirmatory charter dated 29 Jan 1308[443]. Barón de Hijar. He accompanied his brother Fernán Sánchez to Palestine in 1269, returning the following year[444]. “Don Pero Ferrández senyor de Íxar” prohibited “iuego de dados en alfóndegas” by charter dated Jun 1297, reproduced in the confirmatory charter dated 23 Feb 1318[445].

m firstly (before 1268) TERESA de Entenza, daughter of GOMBALD de Entenza & his wife Elvira de Luesia (-after 15 Apr 1275). Zurita records that “Don Pedro Fernandez” married firstly “Doña Theresa Gombal de Entença” who was childless[446]. Jaime I King of Aragon confirmed “castrum de Toris” to “dompne Taresie Gombaldi filie Gombaldi de Entenza quondam et uxor Petri Ferrandis filii nostri” by charter dated 15 Apr 1275[447].

m secondly (before 1276) MARQUESA de Navarra, illegitimate daughter of [TEOBALDO II King of Navarre Comte de Champagne & his mistress Marquesa Gil de Rada] (-after 1303). Zurita records that “Don Pedro Fernandez” married secondly “Doña Marquesa hija de Thibaldo Rey de Nauarra, que no se declara, qual de los dos Reyes era, padre o hijo, y es muy verisimil que fue el primero, y de Doña Marquesa Lopez”, adding that she founded “el monasterio de religiosas de la Orden del Santo Sepulchro de Hierusalem de [Zaragoza]”[448]. Despite the suggestion by Zurita, from a chronological point of view it appears more likely that Marquesa was the daughter of King Teobaldo II.

Pedro & his second wife had one child:

1. PEDRO Fernández de Hijar (-after 1323). Barón de Hijar. Señor de Bunyol, which he sold to the king of Aragon with other locations: Jaime II King of Aragon granted “castrum nostrum de Bunyol...Macasta et...de Set Aguas, de Hatava, de Alborach et de Montorton”, bought from “nobili Petro Ferdinandi filio nobilis Petri Ferdinandi quondam”, to “nato nostro infanti Alfonso” by charter dated 21 Dec 1304[449]. m firstly MARÍA Fernández de Luna, daughter of ---. m secondly SIBILA de Anglesola, daughter of ---. Pedro & his [first/second] wife had two children:

a) ALFONSO Fernández de Hijar (-after 1328). Barón de Hijar. m TERESA de Alagón de los Señores de Sástago (-after 1336). Alfonso & his wife had one child:

i) PEDRO Fernández de Hijar (1329-after 1384). Barón de Hijar.

- see below.

b) MARQUESA Fernández de Hijar . m BLASCO de Alagón Señor de Sástago.

PEDRO Fernández de Hijar, son of ALFONSO Fernández de Hijar Barón de Hijar & his wife Teresa de Alagón (1329-after 1384). Barón de Hijar.

m firstly VIOLANTE Cornell, daughter of ---.

m secondly ISABEL de Castro, daughter of ---.

m thirdly ISABEL de Mesia, daughter of ---.

Pedro & his third wife had four children:

1. ALFONSO Fernández de Hijar (-1400). Barón de Hijar. m TODA de Centelles, daughter of GILEBERT [VI] Señor de Centelles & his wife Toda de Vilanova (-1413). Alfonso & his wife had four children:

a) JUANA . m ARTAL de Alagón Señor de Sástago.

b) TERESA (-after 1441). m PEDRO Ximénez de Urrea Señor de Rueda.

c) JUAN Fernández de Hijar ([1384]-after 1454). Barón de Hijar. Señor de Belchite. m firstly MARÍA de Luna, daughter of ---. m secondly TIMBOR de Cabrera, daughter of BERNARDO [IV] Vizconde de Cabrera & his first wife Timbor de Prades [Aragón] (-after 1464). Juan & his second wife had four children:

i) JAIME .

ii) MARGARITA Fernández de Hijar. Mistress of: ALFONSO V King of Aragon, son of FERNANDO I "él de Antequera" King of Aragon & his wife Leonor Urraca de Castilla Ctss de Alburquerque (Medina del Campo 1394-Naples 26 Jun 1458).

iii) JUAN (-after 1487). Created Conde de Aliaga 1461, Duque de Hijar 16 Apr 1483, Duque de Aliaga 10 Oct 1487 and Duque de Lécera 1493. m CATALINA de Beaumont, daughter of CARLOS de Beaumont "Charlot" Conde de Lerín, Constable of Navarre [Navarra-Capet] & his second wife Anne de Curton et de Guiche (-after 17 Feb 1439).

- DUQUES de HIJAR.

iv) ALFONSO (-after 1460).

d) GONZALO (-1433). Archbishop of Tarragona.

2. ISABEL Fernández de Hijar (-before 1410). m (1393) JOFRE [VI] Vizconde de Rocaberti, son of FELIP DALMAU [I] Visconde de Rocaberti & his second wife Esclaramunda de Fenollet (-1403).

3. JUAN GONZALO . m LEONOR de Castro, daughter of ---. Either he or his brother Pedro left descendants, the IXER family, Señores del Valle del Jalón.

4. PEDRO (-after 1413). m BEATRIZ de Cervello, daughter of ---.

Chapter 5. OTHER NOBILITY in ARAGON

A. NOBILITY in ARAGON 11th/12th CENTURIES

The 11th and 12th century nobility of the kingdom of Aragon is named in charter subscriptions and dating clauses and is set out in this Chapter 5.A. It is extremely difficult to reconstruct noble families successfully for that period as the evidence to prove the inheritance of tenencias within the same families is lacking. It is likely that many of these early nobles were descended from the noble families in Navarre (see the document NAVARRE NOBILITY) but the documentation is not sufficiently explicit to enable links to be made. The following are the señoríos in the kingdom of Aragon which are named most frequently in 11th/12th century charters. As will be seen, some are today small villages and appear unlikely candidates for regional power. Most represent fortifications which were constructed in two lines, from west to east, to protect the kingdom from Muslim incursions. The more northerly line consisted of Aibar (in the west), Sangüesa, Javier, Ruesta, Bailo, and Atares (south-west of the town of Jaca). The more southerly line included Sos (in the west), Uncastillo, Luesia, Biel, Agüero, Murillo, Ayerbe, Loarre, and Bolea (north of Huesca). Another group of small towns/castles was settled in the area to the east which was formerly the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza: these included Boltaña, Alquezar, Abizanda, Barbastro, Estada, Monzón, Capella.

1. Abizanda. North of Estada and Barbastro, east of Alquezar.

2. Aibar [Val d´Aibar]. West of Sangüesa, north-east of the Rio Aragón, in the kingdom of Navarre. This castle represented the most westerly point of the northern line of fortifications constructed between Aibar in the west and Boltaña in the east.

3. Alquezar. North-east of Barbastro.

4. Bolea. Small town north-west of Huesca.

5. Boltaña. Small town in Sobrarbe, due west of the monastery of San Victorián and north-west of Ainsa.

6. Buil. Village in Sobrarbe, due south of Boltaña.

7. Calasanz. Small town north-east of Monzón in Sobrarbe.

8. Capella. Small town west of Graus in Sobrarbe.

9. Castella Galez.

10. Elsón. Small town in Sobrarbe.

11. Estada [Stata]. Small town between Barbastro and Graus.

12. Loarre. Small town north-east of Ayerbe.

13. Luesia. East of Uncastello, west of Biel.

14. Montclús. Village in Sobrarbe, south-east of Ainsa and Boltaña.

15. Monesma [Monte Mesma]. Castillo in Ribagorza, north-east of Graus.

16. Monzón. Town south of Barbastro.

17. Nocito. Village north-east of Nueno, which is north of Huesca.

18. Perarrúa [Petra Rubea]. Small town north of Graus on the river Esera.

19. Ruesta [Arrosta]. East of Sangüesa and north-east of Sos.

20. Sos and Uncastello. Two tenencias in the south-west of Navarre, later part of the kingdom of Aragon[450].

21. Villella [Velilla de Cinca]. Small town north-west of Fraga, due east of Lérida.

The progress of the territorial conquests of the kingdom of Aragon to the south is reflected in the dates from which these señoríos first appear in the subscription lists of contemporary charters.

The family of Sancho Galíndez originated presumably in Navarre. However, no reference has yet been found to a nobleman named Galindo who, from a chronological point of view, could have been his father (see the document NAVARRE NOBILITY). The reference to the younger (unnamed) brother of Sancho Galíndez holding Aibar suggests a family connection with Sancha de Aibar, who was the mistress of Sancho III King of Navarre and the mother of Ramiro I King of Aragon. Such a connection could explain the prominence of Sancho Galíndez at the Aragonese court (see below).

1. GALINDO [Sánchez] ([980/90]-). His birth date range is estimated arbitrarily assuming that the birth-date range assigned to his son Sancho is correctly shown below. [Señor en Boltaña. The dating clause of the charter dated 6 Jul 1014, under which Sancho III King of Navarre donated “monasteriolum Sancti Sebastiani de Asahon” to San Juan de la Peña, records “...senior Sancio Galin Sanç in Boltania”[451]. The name is garbled, but if it represents “Galindo Sánchez” the common connection with Boltaña suggests that he was the father of Sancho Galíndez.] m ---. The name of Galindo´s wife is not known. Galindo & his wife had two children:

a) SANCHO Galíndez ([1010/15]-after 25 Nov [1095]). The charters of Sobrarbe San Victorián, in which Sancho Galíndez is consistently recorded as first in the subscription lists, demonstrate his prominence at the Aragonese court from the accession of King Ramiro I in 1035 until 1084. He is also recorded in charters, during the same period, linked to holdings in Ataresa, Arrosta, Sos and Sobrarbe. The co-identity between Sancho Galíndez Señor en Boltaña and the “Sancho Galíndez” who held Ataresa and Sos is confirmed by the series of charters of the monastery of San Andrés de Fanlo dated 16 Mar 1054, 19 Mar 1055, Dec 1055, Feb 1064, 28 Aug 1067, 1067, 29 Jun 1069, Jan 1072 and 27 Jun 1074 which name, respectively, "senior Sanctio Galindez in Atarese et in Voltanna”, “senior Sancio Galindez in Sos”, “senior Sancio Galindiz senior in Boltania”, “senior Santio Galindiz in Sos et in Atarese et in Boltanna”, “senior Santio Galindiiz in Atares et Boltania, “senior Santio Galindez in Voltania et in Atares et in Sos” (two), “senior Santio Galindez in Boltaynna” and “senior Sancio Galindez in Boltania et in Athares et in Sos”[452]. The link with Sancho Galíndez of Arrosta and Sobrarbe is demonstrated by two charters of Leire monastery which are quoted below. Señor en Boltaña. "Sancii regis Ranimiri filio prolis Ermisende regina…Sanz Galinz tenente Boltania..." subscribed the charter dated 22 May 1035 which records the donation of the churches of San Martín de Arasanz, San Pedro de Tou, San Felix y San Juan de Aínsa to Sobrarbe San Victorián made by Ramiro I King of Aragon[453]. The dating clause of a charter dated 25 May 1036, under which “ultima ancilla Christi Blasquita” donated “locum...Ballerani” to San Juan de la Peña, records “...senior Enneco Lopez in Bugili, senior Sancio Galindiz in Boltania...”[454]. King Ramiro I donated the church of San Miguel "prope Calonica Baasa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 1035 [must be misdated, see charter dated May 1049 below], subscribed by "…Senior Sancio Galinz in Boltania..."[455]. “...Senior Sancio Galindiz...” witnessed the charter dated 13 Feb 1043 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon granted “heredidate que fuit de domna Spotosa de Larvesse et de presbiter Ato suo filio” to “Atto Galindiz” in exchange for a horse[456]. “…Senior Sanso Galindoiz dominator Uultania…” subscribed a charter for Leire dated 23 Apr 1044[457]. Ramiro I King of Aragon granted the privilege of ingenuidad to “Sancho Galindez” by charter dated Mar 1046[458]. "...S[enior] Sanz Galindez..." subscribed the charter dated 2 Jan 1045 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon granted freedom to "domno Elia…in castro Luzares"[459]. "Senior Sancio Galindez in Boltania..." subscribed the charter dated May 1049 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated the church of San Miguel "prope Colonica Bassa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[460]. "...Senior Sancio Galinz in Bultania..." subscribed the charter dated 1049 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated "de Matirero usque in Esera et de Serra de Arb…decima" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[461]. Señor en Ataresa. The dating clause of a charter dated 16 Mar 1054, under which “Eximino Cardelli de Belarra...” donated “hereditate de Allue” to San Andrés de Fanlo, records “senior Sanctio Galindez in Atarese et in Voltanna...”[462]. "Ato Galinz…cum fratre meo Galindo" donated "unum excusatum in castro et in villa…Morchato…Sancio Modeger" to Sobrarbe San Victorián, for the soul of "patris nostri Galindoni", by charter dated 1055, subscribed by "S[enior] Sanz Galinz tenente Boltania..."[463]. Señor en Ruesta. Señor en Sos. “…Senior Santio Garindoiz in Arrosta et in Sos…” is named in the dating clause of the charter dated 19 Sep [1055] under which “Domina Santia, filia de senior Eximino Ennecones de Lerda” sold property “molinos…y la padula de San Vicente” to Leire monastery[464]. Señor en Sobrarbe. “…Senior Sancio Galindoiz dominator Superarbe…” subscribed a charter of Sancho IV King of Navarre dated 27 Oct 1057[465]. “…Senior Sancio Galindoiz dominante in Superarbe atque in Sos…” is named in the dating clause of a charter dated [28/31] Dec 1058 under which “Senior Garcia Blascones de Escaloz” donated property in Urdasacu to Leire monastery[466]. "Senior Sancio Galindiz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 Mar 1061 under which "Ranimirus rex Sancius regis prolis" commended "filiam meam Urracam" to the monastery of Santa Cruz de la Serós[467]. A charter dated 13 May 1063 under which “Domna Tota Lopiz de Arboniesse” donated the monastery of Santa María de Arboniés to Leire names “…Senior Sancio Galindoiz in Sos et Athares…” in the dating clause[468]. “…Senior Sancio Galindoiz in Sos, suo germano in Aiuare…” are named in the dating clause of a charter dated 27 Nov 1064 under which “Senior Eximino Garceiz et germanus meus senior Lope Garceiz vel germana nostra domina Sancia” donated property to Leire[469]. The dating clause of a charter dated 1 Nov 1066 under which “domna Tota” donated property to Leire monastery names “…Seniore Sancio Galindiz in Sose…”[470]. “Sancius...Rex filius Ranimiri Regis” donated property to Roda, for the salvation of “mea et uxoris ac filiorum”, by charter dated 18 Aug 1068, witnessed by “Sancio fratre suo de Rex Sancio, Garcia similiter, Senior Sancio Galim de Boltania, Senior Ato Galin in Abinzalla...”[471]. "Senior Sancio Galindez in Boltania..." subscribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1069 under which Sancho I King of Aragon granted rights to settlement at "castellanum de Sirag"[472]. "…Senior Sancio Galindiz in Atares et in Boltania…" is named in the dating clause of the charter dated 27 Oct 1070 under which "domina Sancia, mater Ranimiri regis" granted the monastery of Santa Cecilia de Aibar to "nepte mea domna Sancia"[473]. "S[enior] Sang Galinz tenente Boltania..." subscribed the charter dated Mar 1072 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated "castrum et villam de Gradibus" [Graus] to Sobrarbe San Victorián[474]. [The (third) testament of “Sancho Galindez” is dated 1082 refers to his (unnamed) sons[475].] "S[enior] Sang Galinz tenente Boltania..." subscribed the charter dated May 1084 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated the church of San Felix "prope de Aissa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[476]. "Petrus Sancii regis filii" granted "camium in Tronceto" to “Sanzio Galinz de Oso” in exchange for the church of San Miguel by charter dated Jul 1087[477]. "Sanci Galinz de villa Oso cum filiis et filii meis" donated the church of San Miguel "in castro Tronceto" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 25 Nov [1095], subscribed by “Sanz Galinz et filius meus Petrus et Fortunius et Sancia filia mea”[478]. m firstly ---. The name of Sancho´s first wife is not known. m secondly as her second husband, URRACA, widow of GALINDO Atónez, daughter of --- (-after 1080). “Senior Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” bought property in Uncastillo by charter dated 1062[479]. The (first) testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1063 and bequeathes property to their children Pedro Sánchez, Jimeno Sánchez, Tota, Urraca, and Urraca´s children (presumably by an earlier marriage) Ato Galíndez and Gallo Galíndez[480]. The (second) testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1080 names “Sancho´s daughter Tota…Urraca´s sister Jimena…Pedro Sánchez and Jimeno Sánchez, sons of Sancho Galíndez…Sancho Blazquez and his brothers, nepotes of Sancho”[481]. This marriage and the children shown below are correct if the other two charters from Huesca, quoted above, apply to this Sancho Galíndez. Her two marriages are confirmed by a charter dated 1042, under which Ramiro I King of Aragon confirmed the possessions of San Juan de la Peña, which records the donation made by “domna Blasquita que fuit in Ballerane...ad oram obitus sui...ad suum nepotem domno Eximinio filio de senior Galindo Atones”, the later donation made by “senior Atu Galindez suo germano de supradicto domno Eximinio et senior Enneco Lopez de Aquilue”, and the subsequent dispute which was heard before (among others) “...senior Sancio Galindez et sua matre de domno Eximinio et suo patrastro”[482]. Sancho & his first wife had one child:

i) GALINDO Sánchez (-after Dec 1107). His name and patronymic suggest that Galindo was his father´s oldest child, named after his paternal grandfather. His absence from the testaments of his father and his father´s [second] wife suggests that he was born from an earlier marriage. Señor en Sos, Señor en Arguedas. "...S[enior] Galin Sanz in Sos et in Argedas..." subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1067 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed his father´s donations to Sobrarbe San Victorián[483]. “…Senior Galin Sanz in Sos et in Arguedas…” is named in the dating clause of a charter of Sancho IV King of Navarre dated to [1069/70][484]. "...S[enior] Galin Sanz in Sos et in Argedas..." subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1076 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed the privileges of Sobrarbe San Victorián[485]. “…Senior Galin Sanz, Sos et Athares...” subscribed the charter dated 1079 under which “Mancia Fortunionis” donated property to the monastery of Leire[486]. "Sancius rex Pampilonensium et Aragonensium…cum filio meo Petro" confirmed the rights of the bishop of Pamplona to the town of Pamplona by charter dated 28 Oct [1087], witnessed by "…senior Galin Sanziz de Sos…"[487]. King Sancho I granted “Galindo Sangez” authorisation to build “castelo Liscare” by charter dated May 1088, the dating clause recording “...prenominato senior Galindo Sangez cui donatuum est in Sos, senior Petro Sangez in Luesia et in Morquerlo”[488]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1091, under which King Sancho I granted land “in Carkaras” to “Lope Lopiz”, records “...senior Galin Sanz in Sos et in Arguedas...senior Petro Sangiz in Boltania...”[489]. "Sancius Ranimiri regis filius…Aragonensium et Pampilonensium seu Montisonis rex…cum filio meo Petro" donated the church of Casteller de Zaragoza to the bishop of Pamplona by charter dated 10 Aug 1091, witnessed by "…senior Galin Sanz de Sos…"[490]. Señor en Funes. A charter of Pedro I King of Aragon and Navarre for Irache monastery dated Oct 1097 names “…Senior Galindo Sangiç in Funes et in Argedas…” in the dating clause[491]. "Senior Galindo Sangiz in Sos et in Funes et in Argedas” is named in the dating clause of a charter for the monastery of San Andrés de Fanlo dated 4 Dec 1097[492]. "Petrus Sangiz…Aragonensium et Pampilonensium rex" granted property "villa de Arguiñáriz" to "Senior Didaco Albarez" by charter dated Dec 1099, subscribed by "…senior Galindo Sangiz in Funes et in Arguedas…"[493]. "Petrus rex" granted water for mills to the people of Marcilla by charter dated Apr [1102], witnessed by "…senior Galin Sanz de Funes…"[494]. King Pedro I granted "in Boleia...kasas de Abin Fahre" to “don Galindo” by charter dated Jan 1103, subscribed by “...Senior Galin Sangiz in Funes, Senior Enneco Galindez filio suo in Abeo et in Petralta...”[495]. "Adefonsus Sangiz…rex" granted property to "Garcia Eximinonis meo alferiz" by charter dated Apr 1105, in the dating clause naming "…senior Galin Sangiz in Funes et in Sos…"[496]. King Alfonso I granted "in Tamarit...casas" to “Stephano de Stadella” by charter dated Dec 1107, subscribed by “...Lop Lopiç in Uno Castello, Sanç, Galindo Sanchiç in Funies, Don Rodmiro in Montso, Sanç in Ouego, Sanchiç in Calasanç et in Calazareb”[497]. m ---. The name of Galindo's wife is not known. Galindo & his wife had one child:

(a) ÍÑIGO Galíndez (-[Apr/Jun] 1124). Señor en Abiego, Señor en Petralta. King Pedro I granted "in Boleia...kasas de Abin Fahre" to “don Galindo” by charter dated Jan 1103, subscribed by “...Senior Galin Sangiz in Funes, Senior Enneco Galindez filio suo in Abeo et in Petralta...”[498]. King Alfonso I granted "illo castello de Petra Alta" to “senior Enneco Galindeç” by charter dated Mar 1105, subscribed by “...Senior Galin Sangiç in Funes et in Sos...Senior Enneco Galindeç in supra dicta Petra Alta...”[499]. Señor en Arguedas. "Adefonsus Sangiz…rex" granted rights to the monastery of San Salvador del Pueyo by charter dated May 1108, the dating clause naming "…senior Enneco Galindeç in Arguedas…"[500]. The dating clause of a charter dated Dec 1108, under which King Alfonso I granted "illa almunia de Abinaamet" to “Galin Iohannis et...Fortunio Iohannis ambos germanos”, records “...Senior Eneco Galindez in Argedas et in Abiego...”[501]. Señor en Sos. "Aldefonsus …imperator" confirmed rights to the Hospital de Santa Cristina de Somport by charter dated Aug 1115, the dating clause naming "…senior Enneco Galindez in Sose…"[502]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1116, under which Alfonso I King of Aragon donated “casas de Ramondo Guielmo et de Petro Guielmo suo germano...in Monteson et in Barbastro” to Alaón, records “...senior Enneco Galindez in Sos et in Abiego...”[503]. "Adefonsus …imperator" granted property to "Fortunio Garçeç Caxal meo maiordomi" by charter dated Apr 1116, the dating clause naming "…senior Enneco Galindez in Sos…"[504]. The dating clause of a charter dated May 1116, under which King Alfonso I granted "casas que fuerunt de Hagen" to “Ferraboch”, records “...Senior Lope Lopez in Calahora, Senior Acenar Acenariz in Funes, Senior Enneco Galindez in Sos et in Abiego, Senior Orti Ortiz in Sancta Eulalia, Senior Fertungo Dat in Barbastro, Senior Tizon in Boile et in Monteson, Fortunigo Iohannes in Tamareto”[505]. The dating clause of a charter dated Mar 1117, under which King Alfonso I granted "illa pardina de Anniessia" to “Lope Garcez Peregrino”, records “...Senior Lop Lopiz in Calahorra, Senior Acenar Acenariz in Funes, Senior Enneco Ximenons in Tafalla et Exeia, Senior Enneco Galindez in Sos et Abiego, Senior Lop Garcez in Stella et Aibare, Kastange in Biele, Per Petit in Loarre et in Boleia, Senior Lop Garcez Peregrino in Super Zaragoza, Santio Iohannes in Oscha et Alkezar, Fortun Iohannes in Tamareto, Tizon in Monson”[506]. Señor en Ricla. The dating clause of a charter dated Apr 1124, under which King Alfonso I granted "in Bascosse...casas" to “Guillelmo Sanchiz de Tena”, records “...Don Gaston in Osca et in Uno Castello et in Zaragoça, Senior Enneco Lopez in Soria, Senior Lope Lopez in Calahorra, Senior Enneco Galindez et Ato Orella in Sos et in Rigla, Senior Petro Eximeniz in Alasuas et in Tuberna, Illo Pelegrino in Alagon et in Super Zaragossa, Senior Caxal in Nagara, Senior Enneco Exemenones in Calataiub et in Senebue, Ato Garcez in Barbastro, Senior Tizon in Boil et in Monteson”[507]. Íñigo Galíndez presumably died before Jun 1124, when his son-in-law Ato Orella is named alone in Ricla (see below). m (divorced before Dec 1117) CORNELGA, daughter of SANCHO Garcés de Gavín & his wife ---. Figuière records her parentage and marriage, noting a convenientia dated before Dec 1117 (naming Blasco Blásquez and Galindo Aznárez de Selvazano among the witnesses) which records the couple’s divorce[508]. Íñigo & his wife had [three] children:

(1) [JIMENO Iñíguez (-[before 1124?]). “Exem. Eneguez” donated “suum cavallum et suas armas a sua fine, et sua hereditate de Funes” to the Templars, by undated charter (recorded in a manuscript dated to [1143/49?])[509]: The reference to Funes and his patronymic suggest a connection with Íñigo Galíndez, whose father Galindo Sánchez held Funes (see above). Maybe Jimeno was Íñigo’s son and heir who predeceased his father. This suggestion assumes that this manuscript, although dated to [1143/49], records earlier donations.]

(2) TOTA Iñíguez (-after [1136]). Her first marriage is dated to [1124?], around the time her husband is recorded as holding Ricla with her father. "domna Tota, uxor de Atorella" donated land “in Sunen” [“Suñén, dans la vallée du Jalón…près d’Urrea et de Mareca”[510]] to Zaragoza San Salvador, for the soul of “Atorella mariti mei et pro remedio anime mee et parentum nostrorum” by undated charter[511], dated by Figuière to “peu après” Feb 1130[512]. "Tota filia senior Eneco Galindez" donated property “del castro...Petra de Osca” to “senior Galindo Aznarez de Salvaçano et uxori vestra donna Sancia mea germana” by charter dated Jan 1133[513]. Her second marriage is confirmed by a charter dated 1178 under which her daughter Jusiana (by her first marriage) donated “des terres à Alagón et à Cáscales” to Zaragoza San Salvador, for the souls of “…patris et matris mee et Guillelmi de Montcada fratris mei [=Guillem [II] de Montcada]…”[514]. Follow her husband’s hyperlinks for other sources. m firstly ([1124?]) ATO Orella, son of [LOPE?] --- & his wife Oria de Arnellas (-after Feb 1130). m secondly ([1136?]) as his second wife, GUILLEM RAMON [II] Seneschal of Catalonia, son of GUILLEM RAMON [I] Seneschal of Catalonia & his wife --- (-1173 after 20 Apr).

(3) SANCHA Iñíguez (-after Jan 1133). "Tota filia senior Eneco Galindez" donated property “del castro...Petra de Osca” to “senior Galindo Aznarez de Salvaçano et uxori vestra donna Sancia mea germana” by charter dated Jan 1133[515]. m GALINDO Aznárez [de Selvazano], son of --- (-after Jan 1133). One child:

a. LOPE Galíndez (-after 1137). Figuière records that, under an 1133 charter, his maternal aunt Tota granted “le castrum et alumnia de La Piedra [castrum de illa Petra] près de Huesca” to “son neveu Lope Galíndez, fils de sa sœur Sancha et de Galindo Aznárez de Selvaçano”[516]. This charter has not been seen, although the property is presumably the same as that mentioned in the Jan 1133 charter cited above. ). “…Lop Galindez de Seuil” witnessed the undated charter under which [his maternal aunt] "domna Tota, uxor de Atorella" donated land “in Sunen” to Zaragoza San Salvador [see below][517]: Figuière records that “Lope Galíndez apparaît en 1137 dans une charte de Ramiro II mais disparaît unsuite des chartes” (no citation reference)[518]. same person as…? LOPALINS de Abiego [Aveo] (-[before 1173?]). Figuière says that “Lopalins [see below under his daughter Tota] s’identifie certainement à Lope Galíndez…”, noting that “castrum de illa Petra” (see the Jan 1133 charter) was named in a charter dated 1181, in which “Sancha de Aveo (Abiego)” settled a dispute with the bishop of Huesca concerning “[les] dîmes de illa Petra”, and in charters dated 1216/17 which record the sale of half of the property to Sigena by “Rodrigo de Liçana et Enneco de Abiego”[519]. m [SANCHA de Abiego [Aveo], daughter of --- (-after 1188). Figuière suggests that “Lopalins” married “Sancha de Aveo”, who is named in the 1181 charter cited above, and who donated “la heretat de Masons” to the Templars in 1173 (“per remey de la seva ànima y de la de son marit”, presumably a widow at that time as she was acting in her own name, confirmed by “Don Enneco filio domna Sancia…supradicta”[520]), and “la première prieure de l’abbaye royale de Sigena” (founded 1188)[521]. Lopalins & his wife had two children:

(i) ÍÑIGO de Abiego (-after 1217). He confirmed his mother’s 1173 donation and was joint seller under the 1216/1217 charters (documents cited above). The 1178 testament of Oria Ctss de Pallars [his father’s supposed first cousin] bequeathed “à Enneco de Aveo son honor de Mores dans la vallée du Jalon” and “à Tota, fille de Lopalins de Aveo, un exarico (propriétaire musulman avec ses terres) à Calaturab (Calatorao), également dans le ribera de Jalón”, both “au cas où sa petite-fille et héritière Valença mourrait”[522]. Figuière records that ïñigo was “Senior de Ricla (1187), d’Uncastillo ainsi que d’Olson (1191)” (no source citations)[523].

(ii) TOTA . The 1178 testament of Oria Ctss de Pallars [her father’s supposed first cousin] bequeathed “à Enneco de Aveo son honor de Mores dans la vallée du Jalon” and “à Tota, fille de Lopalins de Aveo, un exarico (propriétaire musulman avec ses terres) à Calaturab (Calatorao), également dans le ribera de Jalón”, both “au cas où sa petite-fille et héritière Valença mourrait”[524].

Sancho & his second wife had six children:

ii) PEDRO Sánchez (-after Mar 1099). The testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1063 and bequeathes property to their children Pedro Sánchez, Jimeno Sánchez, Tota, Urraca, and Urraca´s children (presumably by an earlier marriage) Ato Galíndez and Gallo Galíndez[525]. The (second) testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1080 names “Sancho´s daughter Tota…Urraca´s sister Jimena…Pedro Sánchez and Jimeno Sánchez, sons of Sancho Galíndez…Sancho Blazquez and his brothers, nepotes of Sancho”[526]. Señor en Boltaña. "...S[enior] Petro Sanz in Boltania et in Mercolo..." subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1067 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed his father´s donations to Sobrarbe San Victorián[527]. Señor en Mercorlo. “…Senior Fortunio Sanz in Huarte…Senior Petro Sanz in Boltania et in Mercorlo…” are named in the dating clause of a charter of Sancho IV King of Navarre dated to [1069/70][528]. "...S[enior] Petro Sanz in Boltania et in Mercorlo..." subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1076 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed the privileges of Sobrarbe San Victorián[529]. The dating clause of a charter dated 11 Jan 1083, under which King Sancho I settled a dispute involving the abbot of Fanlo, records “...senior Eximino Sangiz in Sos et in Bailo, frater eius senior domino Petro in Boltania et in Kakauiello...”[530]. The dating clause of a charter dated May 1086, under which King Sancho I consecrated the church of Montearagón, records “...senior Eximino Sangiz in Sos et in Bailo, frater eius senior don Petro in Boltania et in Cacavello...”[531]. Señor en Luesia. King Sancho I authorised “Galindo Sangez” authorisation to build “castelo Liscare” by charter dated May 1088, the dating clause recording “...prenominato senior Galindo Sangez cui donatuum est in Sos, senior Petro Sangez in Luesia et in Morquerlo”[532]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1091, under which King Sancho I granted land “in Carkaras” to “Lope Lopiz”, records “...senior Galin Sanz in Sos et in Arguedas...senior Petro Sangiz in Boltania...”[533]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jun 1091, under which the bishop of Roda confirmed exemptions of Sobrarbe San Victorián, records “...S[enior] don Pedro in Boltania...”[534]. "Sanci Galinz de villa Oso cum filiis et filii meis" donated the church of San Miguel "in castro Tronceto" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 25 Nov [1095], subscribed by “Sanz Galinz et filius meus Petrus et Fortunius et Sancia filia mea”[535]. Pedro I King of Aragon donated the church of Chia to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated Mar 1099, the dating clause of which records "...Adefonsus frater meus in Bel, S[enior] Exemen Garcez in Monteson, S[enior] Petro Sanz in Boltania"[536].

iii) JIMENO Sánchez (-after May 1086). The testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1063 and bequeathes property to their children Pedro Sánchez, Jimeno Sánchez, Tota, Urraca, and Urraca´s children (presumably by an earlier marriage) Ato Galíndez and Gallo Galíndez[537]. The (second) testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1080 names “Sancho´s daughter Tota…Urraca´s sister Jimena…Pedro Sánchez and Jimeno Sánchez, sons of Sancho Galíndez…Sancho Blazquez and his brothers, nepotes of Sancho”[538]. Señor in Sos, Señor in Bailo. The dating clause of a charter dated 11 Jan 1083, under which King Sancho I settled a dispute involving the abbot of Fanlo, records “...senior Eximino Sangiz in Sos et in Bailo, frater eius senior domino Petro in Boltania et in Kakauiello...”[539]. “…Senior Eximino Sanz in Sos…” is named in the dating clause of a charter for Leire dated 1084[540]. “…Senior Eximino Sanz in Bagil et Sos…” is named in the dating clause of a charter of Sancho V King of Navarre (Sancho I King of Aragon) for Leire dated 1084[541]. The dating clause of a charter dated May 1086, under which King Sancho I consecrated the church of Montearagón, records “...senior Eximino Sangiz in Sos et in Bailo, frater eius senior don Petro in Boltania et in Cacavello...”[542].

iv) TOTA Sánchez (-after 1080). The testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1063 and bequeathes property to their children Pedro Sánchez, Jimeno Sánchez, Tota, Urraca, and Urraca´s children (presumably by an earlier marriage) Ato Galíndez and Gallo Galíndez[543]. The (second) testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1080 names “Sancho´s daughter Tota…Urraca´s sister Jimena…Pedro Sánchez and Jimeno Sánchez, sons of Sancho Galíndez…Sancho Blazquez and his brothers, nepotes of Sancho”[544].

v) URRACA Sánchez (-after 1063). The testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1063 and bequeathes property to their children Pedro Sánchez, Jimeno Sánchez, Tota, Urraca, and Urraca´s children (presumably by an earlier marriage) Ato Galíndez and Gallo Galíndez[545].

vi) FORTÚN Sánchez . "Sanci Galinz de villa Oso cum filiis et filii meis" donated the church of San Miguel "in castro Tronceto" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 25 Nov [1095], the dating clause of which records “Senior Exemeno Garcez et Senior Ennecho Sanz in Monteson, in Stata et Estadella senior Raimon Galinz, in Sancto Martino Exemeno Galinz, In Elgezer senior Fortunio Acenarz et senior Garcia Eximenons”, subscribed by “Sanz Galinz et filius meus Petrus et Fortunius et Sancia filia mea”[546].

vii) SANCHA Sánchez . "Sanci Galinz de villa Oso cum filiis et filii meis" donated the church of San Miguel "in castro Tronceto" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 25 Nov [1095], the dating clause of which records “Senior Exemeno Garcez et Senior Ennecho Sanz in Monteson, in Stata et Estadella senior Raimon Galinz, in Sancto Martino Exemeno Galinz, In Elgezer senior Fortunio Acenarz et senior Garcia Eximenons”, subscribed by “Sanz Galinz et filius meus Petrus et Fortunius et Sancia filia mea”[547].

b) [--- Galíndez (-after 27 Nov 1064). Señor en Aibar. “…Senior Sancio Galindoiz in Sos, suo germano in Aiuare…” are named in the dating clause of a charter dated 27 Nov 1064 under which “Senior Eximino Garceiz et germanus meus senior Lope Garceiz vel germana nostra domina Sancia” donated property to Leire[548].]

1. JIMENO Sánchez (-after 29 Sep 1125). Señor en Calatayud. The dating clause of a charter dated 14 Apr 1121, under which "Bonet de Bordel..." sold property to “Raol de Arassunna”, records “...Petro Semenez iusticia in Zaragoza, Senior Lop Garcez Peregrino, presidente in Alagone, Senior Acenar Acenariz presidente in Totela, Semeno Sanz senior de Calataiub”[549]. The dating clause of a charter dated 29 Sep 1125, under which King Alfonso I granted property to "Banço Fertungon meo merino", records “...Ximeno Sanç in Calataiub...”[550].

The following reconstructions are based on Figuière’s study about the sisters Oria Ctss de Pallars-Jussà and Jusiana Ctss de Empúries[551].

Figuière discusses the possible ancestry of Ato Orella, indicating that “Orella” was probably not a patronymic (he reviews various persons named “Aurelio/Oriel”, whose sons seem to have used the patronymic “Auréliez”) but that “Il apparaît qu’Orella était un sobriquet provenant du latin auricula, l’oreille”, and concluding that “le sobriquet Orella ne nous apprend donc rien de son ascendance familiale”[552]. Nevertheless, he suggests that “la villa et castrum d’Arnellas [see Ato’s mother’s name]…devait…s’agir du sponsalicium offert par son mari”, highlighting possible family connections between the other witnesses in the 27 Feb 1117 charter in which Ato’s mother is named (see below) and, following a complex discussion, says that “Ces recoupements ne laissent donc guère de place au doute : Oria de Arnellas était épouse de García Dat de Piracés et sans doute sœur de Tota, épouse de Calvet”. For the purposes of Medieval Lands, it is preferred to leave the identity of Ato Orella’s father as unknown until more data emerges.

Another difficulty relates to the sibling relationship between Ato Orella and Lope López which is confirmed by the undated charter [dated to the early 1130s?] which is cited below. Figuière suggests that “le fait que leurs noms soient si différents indique peut-être qu’ils n’étaient que demi-frères”[553], although this suggestion is not inevitably correct if his other conclusion that “…Orella était un sobriquet…” is right.

1. [LOPE?] --- (-[before 27 Feb 1117?]). m ORIA de Arnellas, daughter of --- (-(after 27 Feb 1117?]). She is named in the 27 Feb 1117 charter which names her son Ato, cited below. Two brothers (their different names suggesting that they may not have shared both parents?):

a) ATO Orella ([before 1090?]-after Feb 1130). [Figuière records “Ato Orella” among the names in a charter dated to [1085/1125] which records the inhabitants of Graus swearing fidelity to the abbot of San Victorián, to whom the king had granted the town[554]. Because of the broad dating range, it is uncertain whether this document refers to the same Ato Orella.] His birth is estimated to “before 1090?” on the assumption that he was a young adult when first named in 1114. Ubieto Arteta recorded Ato Orella as “tenente de Peña (despoblado de Sangüesa) en 1114, de Nocito en 1114, de Alagón en 1121, de Ricla entre 1121 y 1130, de Sangüesa entre 1122 y septiembre de 1129…de Cabañas de Ebro entre 1124 y 1129, de Sos entre 1124 y 1130, de Cello en mayo de 1128, de Cutanda en mayo de 1128, y de Fuentes de Ebro entre diciembre de 1128 y enero de 1129”[555]. “Tota filia de Raimon Sonier et de domna Blaschita” sold property “in illo termino de Griaualo quem in illo de Banasto” to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 27 Feb 1117, subscribed by “Raimon Belenguer, Arnald Belenguer qui sumus filii de supradicta Tota, Senior Fortunio Dat, senior Barbatorta, Garcia Fortunios frater eius, Lop Galinzs filius Calueti, Ato Orella filius de domne Oria de Arnellas”[556]. Señor en Sos y en Ricla. The dating clause of a charter dated Apr 1124, under which King Alfonso I granted "in Bascosse...casas" to “Guillelmo Sanchiz de Tena”, records “...Don Gaston in Osca et in Uno Castello et in Zaragoça, Senior Enneco Lopez in Soria, Senior Lope Lopez in Calahorra, Senior Enneco Galindez et Ato Orella in Sos et in Rigla, Senior Petro Eximeniz in Alasuas et in Tuberna, Illo Pelegrino in Alagon et in Super Zaragossa, Senior Caxal in Nagara, Senior Enneco Exemenones in Calataiub et in Senebue, Ato Garcez in Barbastro, Senior Tizon in Boil et in Monteson”[557]. King Alfonso I granted "in Epila super Rota III Campos" to “Lope Garcez Peregrino” by charter dated Jun 1124, subscribed by “...ipse senior Lope Garcez in Alagon et in supra dicta Epila, Ato Orela in Riccla, Fertungo Lopiç in Soria, Gaiçco in Tiraçona, Senior Forton Garcez Caxal in Nagara, Senior Enneco Fortugones in Larraga, Petro Tiçon in Stella, Castange in Biele, Pere Petit in Boleia, Sancio Iohans in Oscha, Ato Garcez in Petra Selez et in Barbastro, Iohan Galindez in Labata, Senior Tiçon in Boil et in Pomar”[558]. Figuière records that “Atorella…décéda après le mois de février 1130” (no citation reference)[559]. m ([1124?]) as her first husband, TOTA Iñíguez, daughter of ÏNIGO Galíndez Señor en Ricla & his wife Cornelga --- (-after [1136]). Her first marriage is dated to [1124?], around the time her husband is recorded as holding Ricla with her father. "domna Tota, uxor de Atorella" donated land “in Sunen” [“Suñén, dans la vallée du Jalón…près d’Urrea et de Mareca”[560]] to Zaragoza San Salvador, for the soul of “Atorella mariti mei et pro remedio anime mee et parentum nostrorum” by undated charter, witnessed by “Lop Lopiz frater de Atorella, Eneco Sanz de Burbachana, Orti Ortiz, Frontin, Per Ramon de Ricla, Blascho Blaschez, Lop Galinz de Seuil”[561]: although this document is undated, Figuière dates it to “peu après” Feb 1130, maybe referring to an expanded version of the same charter[562]. By another undated charter (presumably dated to the same time, early 1130s?) "[unnamed] uxor d’Ataurela" donated “hereditates quas hec in Mareca” to Zaragoza San Valero, granted “Morata cum Mores et…infra usque ad Mareca…Petrauta cum…in terra Osche” to “Maiori nate” and “hereditates…in Alagon cum illas de Bardosella” to “Minori”, while “matri…dum vixerit” [retained] “Cásues cum illis quas habuit in Bait” which would revert after her death to “maiori filie”, and donated “Omnem fructum istius anni cuiuscumque modi sit de Zaebre” to Zaragoza San Salvador[563]. "Tota filia senior Eneco Galindez" donated property “del castro...Petra de Osca” to “senior Galindo Aznarez de Salvaçano et uxori vestra donna Sancia mea germana” by charter dated Jan 1133[564]. She married secondly ([1136?]) as his second wife, Guillem Ramon [II] Seneschal of Catalonia. Her second marriage is confirmed by a charter dated 1178 under which her daughter Jusiana (by her first marriage) donated “des terres à Alagón et à Cáscales” to Zaragoza San Salvador, for the souls of “…patris et matris mee et Guillelmi de Montcada fratris mei [=Guillem [II] de Montcada]…”[565]. Ato & his wife had two children:

i) ORIA ([1126/29?]-1178 or after, maybe after 1182). Her birth is estimated from her parents’ chronology. By undated charter (dated to the early 1130s?) "[unnamed] uxor d’Ataurela" granted “Morata cum Mores et…infra usque ad Mareca…Petrauta [Peralta de Alcofea, see 1105 charter cited above under Ïñigo Galíndez] cum…in terra Osche” to “Maiori nate” and “hereditates…in Alagon cum illas de Bardosella” to “Minori”, while “matri…dum vixerit” [retained] “Cásues [Casbas] cum illis quas habuit in Bait” which would revert after her death to “maiori filie”[566]. Her marriage is dated to [1145] based on the dating clause of a charter dated Dec 1146 which records “…In Aricla [Ricla, no doubt inherited from Oria’s family] comité de Pallars…”[567]. “Aurea Paliarensis comitissa fundatrix supradicti monasterii” founded the convent at Casbas with the bishop of Huesca by charter dated 1173, confirmed 1178 “in villa de Casvis quam habeo iure hereditario”[568]. “domna Oria comitissa Palearensis” donated "meam partem hereditatis de Marecha” to Zaragoza San Salvador, for the souls of “filii mei Raimundi, comitem Palearensis…matris mee”, noting that the church already had “aliam medietatem” [see the charter cited above under her mother], by charter dated 15 Sep 1177[569]. Oria’s charter dated 1178 donated "les castra et villæ de Morata et de Santa Agra en vallée de Jalón…une jovata de terre à Ricla…” to Casbas[570]. The testament of Oria Ctss de Pallars, dated 1178, bequeathed property to “Arnal de Pallars…la moitié de la villa d’Ypasa…Pedro Ortiz quatre exaricos à Ricla…Pedro de Sos…Gómez, son neveu, fils de doña Blasquita, le lieu d’Arnellas”, and, “au cas où sa petite-fille et héritière Valença mourrait”, “à [sa sœur] Jusiana…la ville d’Alcolea”, “à Enneco de Aveo son honor de Mores dans la vallée du Jalon” and “à Tota, fille de Lopalins de Aveo, un exarico (propriétaire musulman avec ses terres) à Calaturab (Calatorao), également dans le ribera de Jalón”[571]. In addition to the above, the testament of “Donya Oria, comtesa viuda de Pallars” bequeathed property “in Capannas [to the Templars]…[et] in Calaturab [to the Hospitallers]”[572]. Esteban Bishop of Huesca confirmed the foundation of the monastery of Casbas, with the consent of “la condesa Aurea de Pallars”, by charter dated 1182[573]: it is unclear whether Oria was still alive at that date or whether this charter was correctly dated. [The parentage of Oria has been the subject of much inaccurate speculation over the years. Lourdes Ascaso Sarvise says that she was “hija, al parecer, de Bernardo de Entenza, aunque Antonio Durán piensa que pudiera pertenecer a la familia de los Castillazuelo”, adding that she prefers the former theory because some of the properties which she donated to Casbas Santa María “podían provenir de la familia Entenza que poseía la baronía de Alcolea”[574]. However, José de Santiago, in his study of the Entenza family, does not mention Oria and specifically says that Bernat de Entenza had only one child Jusiana[575], (also an error, see below). m ([1145]) [as his second wife,] ARNAU MIRÓN [I] Conde de Pallars-Jussà, son of ARNAU [I] Conde de Pallars & his first wife Almodis de Cerdanya (-(-[1174/15 Sep 1177]).

ii) JUSIANA ([1127/30?]-1193 or after). Her parentage is confirmed by the 1178 testament of her sister Oria, cited below, which records that they were sisters. Her birth is estimated from her parents’ chronology. By undated charter (dated to the early 1130s?) "[unnamed] uxor d’Ataurela" granted “Morata cum Mores et…infra usque ad Mareca…Petrauta cum…in terra Osche” to “Maiori nate” and “hereditates…in Alagon cum illas de Bardosella [Figuière suggests that this includes the Onsella/Onzella valley/Valdonsella, and Bardonsella with territories north of the Ebro between the river Gállego and the Navarre frontier, including Castiliscar[576]]” to “Minori”[577]. Jusiana presumably married around the same time as her sister Oria. “Hugo Impuritanensis comes...cum comitissis Brunissendis...matre mea et Jusiane uxore mea et filio nostro Poncio et Poncio fratre meo” donated the serf “Castilionem filium Petri Juliani” to Santa Maria de Roses by charter dated 7 Dec 1167[578]. "Ugo…comes Impuriarum" donated property to the monastery of Poblet by charter dated 11 Nov 1170, subscribed by "Iosiane comitisse, Poncii filii eorum"[579]. “Jussiana et son mari Ug” issued a charter for repopulating “castrum de Castiliscar” dated Apr 1171[580]. “Brunisendis comitissa” donated “mansum...in parroechia Sancti Iuliani de Virginibus quem inhabitat Guililemus Firma Colades” to Sant Daniel de Girona, for the soul of “viri mei Poncii Ugonis comitis”, with the advice of “filii mei Poncii”, by charter dated 20 Apr 1173, signed by “Brunisendis comitisse, Poncii filii eius, Iusiane comitissa, Poncii filii eius”[581]. “Jusiana…Impuriarum comitissa” donated “castrum Ciscar, in regno Aragonis” to the Hospitallers, for the soul of “domini Ugonis comitis, mariti mei olim defuncti”, by charter dated 27 Mar 1175, witnessed by “Poncii Ugonis, filii eius…”[582]. “Jusiana…comitissa de Empurias et filius meus Ponzuch” donated “castellum…Sischar…in regno Aragonis” to the Hospitallers by charter dated Apr 1176, witnessed by “Poncii Ugonis, filii eius…”[583]. “Poncius Ugonis...Impuriarum comes” confirmed navigation rights from cap de Creus to La Muga for Santa Maria de Roses by charter dated 26 Jan 1184, signed by “Jusiane matris eius...”[584]. “Ponç Ug, consilio matris mee Iusiane” issued a charter dated 1193 (no source citation)[585]. m ([1145?]) HUG [III] Comte de Empúries, son of PONCE [II] Comte de Empúries & his wife Brunisenda --- (-[20 Apr 1173/25 May 1174]).

b) LOPE López (-[Sep 1142/Apr 1144]). His sibling relationship with Ato Orella is confirmed by the Aug 1124 charter cited below, although as noted above their different names suggest that they may not have shared both parents. As Lope’s first mention is about 6 years later than Ato’s, it is likely that he was the younger brother. Olcoz Yanguas records Lope López as teniente in Ricla between Jun 1120 and Dec 1141, in Sos between Aug 1130 and 31 Dec 1134, in Calatayud between Jun 1133 and Dec 1141, in Clamosa between Dec 1134 and Feb 1135, in Mequinenza between 31 Dec 1134 and 1135, and in Zaraqoza between Jan and Jun 1135 and between Apr 1139 and Sep 1142 (full citation references provided)[586]. A charter dated Aug 1124 locates property sold to San Victorián (near Huesca) referring to "…de oriente senior Lop Lopez"[587]. “Lop Lopiz frater de Atorella…” witnessed the undated charter [dated to the early 1130s? see above] under which "domna Tota, uxor de Atorella" donated land “in Sunen” to Zaragoza San Salvador, for the soul of “Atorella mariti mei…”[588]: Señor en Sos y en Ricla: the dating clauses of two charters of Alfonso I King of Aragon dated Jan 1133 record "…Lope Lopeç in Arricla…" and “…Lope Lope Lopez in Ricla et in Sose…”[589]. The dating clause of other charters dated between 1133 and 1136 record “…Lop Lopez in Ricla…” (Sep 1133), “…Lope Lopiz in Sos…” (Jul 1134), “…Lope Lopiç in Sos et in Mikineça…” (31 Dec 1134), “…Lop Lopeç in Arricla et in Calataiub…” (6 Dec 1135), “…Lop Lopeç in Ricla…” (3 Jul 1136), and “…Lop Lopez in Ricla et in Calataiub…” (28 Oct 1136)[590]. During the political uncertainty in Aragon after the death (7 Sep 1134) of King Alfonso I, Alfonso VII King of Castile conquered Zaragoza where he installed Lope López: the dating clause of a charter dated 20 Jan 1135 records "Regnante rex [=King Alfonso VII] frater Aldefonsus [=King Alfonso I]…Remigius in Aragon et in Pampilona et in Super Arbe [=King Ramiro II]. Lo Lopez sennior in Zaragoza per mane de rege de Castella…", while the dating clause in a charter dated 22 Mar 1135 records “Rex de Leon seinor in Zaragoz, et Lop Lopez per sua mane…”[591]. During this period of political turmoil, Lope López maintained alliances with all competing factions (maybe through his high-profile second marriage, see below): the dating clause in a charter dated Jun 1135 records “Regnante Ramiro in Aragon, Rege petit de Leon in Zaracoza, Rege Garsia in Pampilonia…Lop Lopez senior in Zaracoza”[592]. At some stage, presumably in the late 1130s, Sos was conquered by García VI King of Navarre (see Lope’s widow’s Apr 1144 charter cited below) when Lope lost control of Sos (confirmed by two charters dated 7 Jan 1139, issued by King García, which name "…Guillem Azenariz in Sos et in Sangossa…"[593]: no connection has been found between this person and Lope López). Lope made peace with Ramón Berenguer IV Conde de Barcelona who confirmed his retention of Zaragoza and Calatayud, as indicated by the dating clauses in charters dated 26 Apr 1141 (“Anno quando fuit capta Chalamnéra et prenderunt eam illos seniores de terras de Çaragoça. Imperante me…comes Barchinonia in Aragon et regnum eius…Lop Lopeç in predicta Çaragoça et in Calataiub…”), 1 Jul 1141 (“in anno quando comes Raimundus Barchinonensis intravit in Pampilona cum sua hoste super rex Garcia. Imperante me…comes Raimundus…Lope Lopez in predicta Zaracoza et in Calataiub…”), and Nov 1141 (“Comes de Barcilona princebs in Aragone et in Cesaragusta…Lope Lopez senior…”)[594]. “Don Lop de Çeragoza” donated “suas armas et suo caballo a sua fine” to the Templars, by undated charter (recorded in a manuscript dated to [1157/60])[595]. The following charter shows that Lope also retained Ricla: "Raimundus comes Barchinonensis et princeps Aragonensis" granted “castellum…Baschuass” to “Lob Lopez propter multa servicii que mihi fecisti et cotidie facis” by charter dated Dec 1141, witnessed by “comes Rodric Gonzaluez [Lope’s father-in-law, see below] et Gonball de Benauento et Ferriz et Garci Arcez de Oscha”, dating clause “Regnante me Raimundo comité in Aragone et in Suprarbe, et in Ripacorza, et in Paiars, et in Barchinona, et in Oscha, et in Cesaraugusta…et ipso Lop Lopez in Zarachoza et in Ricla et in Chalataiub…”[596]. Lope may have fallen ill before Jan 1142, when he is not named in the dating clause which records “Regnante Raymundus comes senior in Çaragoça et in Aragone…Rodric Petriç [his father-in-law] in Calataiub et in Epila et in Orreia…”[597], although the dating clause of a charter dated Sep 1142 records “…Lop Lopez senior…”[598]. Lope is named as deceased in his widow’s Apr 1144 charter cited below. m firstly SANCHA, daughter of ---. The chronology indicates that Lope’s son named below was born from an earlier marriage. This first wife’s name appears to be confirmed by the following document. “Lop Lopiz et uxor mea Sancia” donated “unam hereditatem de terra quam habemus in Marecha” to the Templars, by undated charter, witnessed by “Pere Ramon de Ricla et Acenar Sanz, et Lop Fortunionis, et Bernardus, archidiaconus” (recorded in a manuscript dated to [1143/49?], repeated in a second manuscript dated to [1157/60])[599]. On the basis of the earlier dating, Figuière indicates that the donor was the son of Lope López (who died [Sep 1142/Apr 1144])[600]. However, another possibility is that the manuscript, although dated to [1143/49], recorded earlier donations and that this donation refers to Lope López senior and his first wife: this suggestion remains tentative until the donation can be dated more precisely by identifying the witnesses. m secondly ([1135?]) TERESA Rodríguez de Lara, daughter of RODRIGO González Señor de Lara y Liebana & his first wife Infanta Sancha de Castilla ([1123/25?]-after Apr 1144). “Donna Teresa” donated “uno molino que habet in Zarachoça, in termino…Caschallo…” to the Templars, for the soul of “Lope Lopeç”, naming “visores et auditores : Garçia Ortiç et Lop de Kastelazol, et Lop Fortunones de Ricla, et Garçia Dominiç”, by charter dated Apr 1144 “quando Raimundus, chomes Barchinonensis…conquesevit Tarazona de Portoles et Dos de rez Garçia”, “regnante…domna Taresa fila comes Rodric in Ricla…”[601]. Figuière identifies the first two “auditores” as “García Ortiz, senior à Fuentes et Pina, et Lope de Castellaçol, fils de Barbatorta”[602]. Figuière dates the marriage “sans doute vers 1135, [à] Teresa Rodríguez de Lara, fille du célèbre comte Rodrigo González” (no source cited)[603]. Lope & his first wife had one child:

i) JIMENO López (-[1143/44?]). Señor en Ricla: Figuière records “Jimeno López, probable frère de Lope López, qui fut senior de Ricla en 1143” (no source citation, source not found), suggesting that he died soon after this date as his stepmother is recorded as holding Ricla in Apr 1144 (see above)[604]. [same person as…? JIMENO López . “Exemen Lopeç” donated “suum cavallum et suas armas a sua fine” to the Templars, by undated charter (recorded in a manuscript dated to [1143/49?])[605]: the donor is not linked to any tenencia in this record, but presumably he could be the son of Lope López senior.] [same person as…? JIMENO López (-after 21 Aug 1149). No indication has been found that this is the same person, but the timing and the coincidence of the name combination are interesting. The dating clause of a charter dated 21 Aug 1149 records “…At Orelia in Rosta et Exemen Lopiz”[606]: it is difficult to interpret the meaning of the phrase “At Orelia in Rosta et…”.]

Lope & his [second] wife had two children (the chronology suggests that both daughters could have been born from their father’s second marriage: maybe “Godina” was named after her maternal grandmother “Goto”):

ii) VELASQUITA de Arándiga (-after Jun 1186). Her parentage is confirmed by her Jun 1186 charter cited below. Figuière suggests her first marriage and records her possible first husband’s supposed parentage (no source citations)[607]. However, his suggestion appears to be based on the dating clause of a charter dated Jun 1164 which records “…don Gomes senior in Arandeca…”[608], although that date is early for the person recorded to have been the son of Velasquita de Arándiga. Figuière records her [second] marriage “peut-être vers 1154” and indicates her [second] husband’s parentage (no source citations)[609]. The 28 Apr 1176 testament of her [second] husband requested “uxor mea Blasquita” to pay his debts[610]. Alfonso II King of Aragon issued a charter dated 1177 “de passage à Zaragoza…in domo domine Blasquite” (concerning “son alférez Jimeno de Artusella et le castrum de Tubo”)[611]. “Dompna Balesquita de Arandeca, filia que fui de seniore Lop Lopez” donated “medietatem de villa…Michera…prope Oscam” to the Templars at Huesca (noting that “ego et Eximinus de Orrea et Petrus de Orrea, consanguinei mei” had divided “totam Micheram” between them), naming “fidancias de salvetate…Martin Lopez, filium de Lopalniz de Anzano, et dompna Escura, sororem de Belasco Maza”, by charter dated Jun 1186, confirmed by “Albert, filius dompna Balesquita” and by “Guillelmus de Sancto Martino, per me et per uxorem meam, filiam de dompna Balesquita” (the two confirmations witnessed, respectively, by "Guillelmus de Anglatola et Arnaldus de Cerbera et Petrus Ferriz” and “R[amon] de Montcata et Lup de Bisvas et Iohannes Porchet")[612]. [m firstly FORTÚN Gómez, son of GÖMEZ & his wife --- (-[1153?]).] m [secondly] GUILLEM de Castellvell, son of GUILLEM [IV] RAMON de Castellvell & his wife Mahalta [de Barcelona] (-[1176/77]).

iii) GODINA (-after 1176). Godina, as a widow, donated the Almunia at Cabañas “construite par son défunt mari, qu’on appellera plus tard la Almunia de doña Godina”, including property at Ricla, to the Hospitallers, by charter dated 1176, confirmed by “Rodrigo, fils de Jimeno [Rodríguez] de Urrea, quam dona Godina fecit filium”[613]. m VELASCO Velásquez, son of --- (-before 1176).

The documents cited below indicate that the following persons were related to the family of Ato Orella. The precise family relationships have not been ascertained.

1. PEDRO de Ortiz (-after 1178). The 1178 testament of Oria Ctss de Pallars bequeathed property to “…Pedro Ortiz quatre exaricos à Ricla…Pedro de Sos…”[614].

[Two supposed brothers]:

1. JIMENO de Orrea (-after Jun 1186). “Dompna Balesquita de Arandeca, filia que fui de seniore Lop Lopez” donated “medietatem de villa…Michera…prope Oscam” to the Templars at Huesca, noting that “ego et Eximinus de Orrea et Petrus de Orrea, consanguinei mei” had divided “totam Micheram” between them, by charter dated Jun 1186[615].

2. PEDRO de Orrea (-after Jun 1186). “Dompna Balesquita de Arandeca, filia que fui de seniore Lop Lopez” donated “medietatem de villa…Michera…prope Oscam” to the Templars at Huesca, noting that “ego et Eximinus de Orrea et Petrus de Orrea, consanguinei mei” had divided “totam Micheram” between them, by charter dated Jun 1186[616].

1. GÓMEZ [no patronymic] (-before Sep 1160). Señor en Ayerbe y en Bolea. Figuière records Gómez as “Senior de Ayerbe et Bolea (1135-54), Juslibol (1137-52), Jaca ([11]45-49), Alfajarín ([11]44-50), Cereso (1110, [11]31-54) et Ruesta” (no source citations)[617]. [Ubieto Arieta records “Gomiz de Arricla: [post obitum suum?] a sua fine suum cavallum et suas armas” (undated, but “redactado entre 1157-1160 en su mayor parte…”[618]) donating to the Templars[619].] Figuière records his date of death (no source cited)[620]. He is named deceased in the Sep 1160 cited below under his daughter Jordana. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Gómez’s wife has not been found. Gómez & his wife had two children:

a) FORTÚN Gómez (-[1153?]). Figuière records that in 1152 was “senior de Juslibol et Alfajarín et en 1153 d’Ayerbe [no source cited for Ayerbe], tenues auparavant par son père”[621]: the dating clause of a charter dated Jul 1152 records “…G(arcia) Ortiç in Çaragoça, Johan Didaç çaualmedina, Arial (in Alagon?), Fortun Gomiç en Deus Libol et in Alfagerin, Galin Semenc in Belgit”[622]. [m as her first husband, VELASQUITA de Arándiga, daughter of LOPE López Señor en Sos y en Ricla & his [second wife Teresa Rodríguez de Lara] (-after Jun 1186). Figuière suggests her first marriage and records her possible first husband’s supposed parentage (no source citations)[623]. However, his suggestion appears to be based on the dating clause of a charter dated Jun 1164 which records “…don Gomes senior in Arandeca…”[624], although that date is early for the person recorded to have been the son of Velasquita de Arándiga. She married [secondly] Guillem de Castellvell. Follow her hyperlink for sources which confirm her [second] marriage.]

b) JORDANA . “Don Deusaiuda et uxor mea dompna Iordana, filia de don Gomiz” sold “hereditatem…in urbe Osca et in villa…Loret” to the Templars at Huesca by charter dated Sep 1160, which adds that they also donated “duos ortos, ipso uno in Almiriz…” for the soul of “don Gomiz, cui sit requies”[625]. m (before Sep 1160) DEUSAIUDA Señor en Sos, son of --- (-after 1177). Figuière records Deusaiuda as “Senior de Sos ([11]54-77), Arguedas ([11]58-66), Biel ([11]54-62), Jaca ([11]64-71)” (no source citations)[626]. [One possible child:]

i) [PEDRO . The testament of Oria Ctss de Pallars, dated 1178, bequeathed property to “…Pedro de Sos…deux exaricos à Agello…”, Figuière suggesting his parentage as shown here, adding that he was Señor de Sos (1178-1180) and “sans doute mort jeune”[627].]

1. GARCÍA --- ([1000/15]-). His birth date range is estimated arbitrarily on the assumption that his son Lope was 30 years old when first mentioned. m ---. The name of García´s wife is not known. García & his wife had one child:

a) LOPE García (-after Feb 1064). Señor en Loarre. The dating clause of a charter dated 16 Mar 1054, under which “Eximino Cardelli de Belarra...” donated “hereditate de Allue” to San Andrés de Fanlo, records “...senior Lope Garcez in Loar”[628]. “...Senior Lope Garceiz in Luar...” subscribed the charter dated 10 Oct 1054 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated “monasterium...Sancti Martini de Sarasso...inter Larosse et Orzasso” to “Eximino presbiter creato meo”[629]. The dating clause of a charter dated 19 Mar 1055, under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated the monastery of San Cucufate de Lecina to San Andrés de Fanlo, records “...senior Lope Garceiz in Luar...”[630]. “…Senior Lope Garceiz dominator Uaigorri…” subscribed a charter of Sancho IV King of Navarre dated 27 Oct 1057[631]. “…Senior Lope Garceiz dominante in Lugarri…” is named in the dating clause of a charter dated [28/31] Dec 1058 under which “Senior Garcia Blascones de Escaloz” donated property in Urdasacu to Leire monastery[632]. A charter dated 13 May 1063 under which “Domna Tota Lopiz de Arboniesse” donated the monastery of Santa María de Arboniés to Leire names “…Senior Lope Garceia in Lugarri…” in the dating clause[633]. The dating clause of a charter dated Feb 1064, under which the abbot of Fanlo bought houses from “dompna Goto et dona Taresa sua filia et de Santio Ranimiriz et de suos germanos”, records “...senior Lope Garcez in Loar et in sancti Mitheri...”[634]. m ---. The name of Lope´s wife is not known. Lope & his wife had [one child]:

i) [FORTÚN López (-after Mar 1105). His patronymic and the common connection with Loarre suggest that Fortún López may have been the son of Lope García. Señor en Loarre. Señor en Bolea. King Pedro I granted "in Boleia...kasas de Abin Fahre" to “don Galindo” by charter dated Jan 1103, subscribed by “...Senior Fortunio Lopiz in Loar et in...Boleia...”[635]. The dating clause of a charter dated May 1103, under which Pedro I King of Aragon donated “villam...Griavalo” to Sobrarbe San Victorián, records “Adefonsus frater in Biele, Senior Fertung Lopez in Loar et in Boleia...”[636]. King Alfonso I granted "illo castello de Petra Alta" to “senior Enneco Galindeç” by charter dated Mar 1105, subscribed by “...Senior Fortunio Lopeç in Luar et in Boleia...”[637].]

1. SANCHO García (-after 19 Mar 1055). Señor en Rusta. The dating clause of a charter dated 19 Mar 1055, under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated the monastery of San Cucufate de Lecina to San Andrés de Fanlo, records “...senior Sancio Garceiz in Rusta...”[638].

1. ÍÑIGO --- ([980/95]-). His birth date range is estimated arbitrarily on the assumption that his son Lope was 30 years old when first mentioned. m ---. The name of Íñigo´s wife is not known. Íñigo & his wife had one child:

a) LOPE Iñíguez (-after 1051). It is probable that this Lope Iñíguez was the same person as one of the other individuals of this name who are noted above, particularly as it seems unlikely that so many different nobles with the same name/patronymic combination should have been alive in Navarre at the same time. Señor en Luesia. “…Senior Lope Ennecones in Luesia…” subscribed a charter dated 1051 for the monastery of San Andrés de Fanlo[639].

Two brothers:

1. FORTÚN Velásquez (-after May 1084). "Sancii regis Ranimiri filio prolis Ermisende regina…Fertung Blasch cum suo fratre Galin Blasch..." subscribed the charter dated 22 May 1035 which records the donation of the churches of San Martín de Arasanz, San Pedro de Tou, San Felix y San Juan de Aínsa to Sobrarbe San Victorián made by Ramiro I King of Aragon[640]. King Ramiro I donated the church of San Miguel "prope Calonica Baasa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 1035 [must be misdated, see charter dated May 1049 below], subscribed by "…Senior Fortung Blaschez in Elesone"[641]. Señor en Montclús. "...Senior Fertunio Belasquiz cum suo fratre Galindo Belasquiz in Montecluso..." subscribed the charter dated May 1049 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated the church of San Miguel "prope Colonica Bassa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[642]. Señor en San Martín. "...Senior Fortunio Blasch in Sancti Martini..." subscribed the charter dated 1049 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated "de Matirero usque in Esera et de Serra de Arb…decima" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[643]. "Ato Galinz…cum fratre meo Galindo" donated "unum excusatum in castro et in villa…Morchato…Sancio Modeger" to Sobrarbe San Victorián, for the soul of "patris nostri Galindoni", by charter dated 1055, subscribed by "...S[enior] Fertunio Blasche tenente Sancto Martino..."[644]. “Sancius...Rex filius Ranimiri Regis” donated property to Roda, for the salvation of “mea et uxoris ac filiorum”, by charter dated 18 Aug 1068, witnessed by “...Senior Fortung Belasch in santo Martino, suo fratre Galindo Belasch in Froceto...”[645]. "...S[enior] Fertunio Blasco cum suo fratre Galin Blasco..." subscribed the charter dated Mar 1072 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated "castrum et villam de Gradibus" [Graus] to Sobrarbe San Victorián[646]. "...S[enior] Fertunio Blasco cum suo fratre Galindo Blasco..." subscribed the charter dated May 1084 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated the church of San Felix "prope de Aissa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[647].

2. GALINDO Velásquez (-after May 1084). "Sancii regis Ranimiri filio prolis Ermisende regina…Fertung Blasch cum suo fratre Galin Blasch..." subscribed the charter dated 22 May 1035 which records the donation of the churches of San Martín de Arasanz, San Pedro de Tou, San Felix y San Juan de Aínsa to Sobrarbe San Victorián made by Ramiro I King of Aragon[648]. "...Senior Fertunio Belasquiz cum suo fratre Galindo Belasquiz in Montecluso..." subscribed the charter dated May 1049 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated the church of San Miguel "prope Colonica Bassa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[649]. Señor en Froceto. “Sancius...Rex filius Ranimiri Regis” donated property to Roda, for the salvation of “mea et uxoris ac filiorum”, by charter dated 18 Aug 1068, witnessed by “...Senior Fortung Belasch in santo Martino, suo fratre Galindo Belasch in Froceto...”[650]. "...S[enior] Fertunio Blasco cum suo fratre Galin Blasco..." subscribed the charter dated Mar 1072 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated "castrum et villam de Gradibus" [Graus] to Sobrarbe San Victorián[651]. "...S[enior] Fertunio Blasco cum suo fratre Galindo Blasco " subscribed the charter dated May 1084 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated the church of San Felix "prope de Aissa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[652].

1. GUILLEM “Servus Dei” (-after May 1084). "Sancii regis Ranimiri filio prolis Ermisende regina…Guillermi Serui Dei" subscribed the charter dated 22 May 1035 which records the donation of the churches of San Martín de Arasanz, San Pedro de Tou, San Felix y San Juan de Aínsa to Sobrarbe San Victorián made by Ramiro I King of Aragon[653]. Señor en Toleto. King Ramiro I donated the church of San Miguel "prope Calonica Baasa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 1035 [must be misdated, see charter dated May 1049 below], subscribed by "…Senior Guelmi Serui Dei in Toleto..."[654]. Señor en San Martín. "...Guillelmi Serui Dei in Toleto et in Sancto Martino" subscribed the charter dated May 1049 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated the church of San Miguel "prope Colonica Bassa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[655]. Señor en Capella. "...Dompno Guillem Serue Dei in Capella..." subscribed the charter dated 5 Jan 1066 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated "caput mansum…Iohan de Pui de Sus" to Santo Tomás de Torre de Ésera[656]. “Sancius...Rex filius Ranimiri Regis” donated property to Roda, for the salvation of “mea et uxoris ac filiorum”, by charter dated 18 Aug 1068, witnessed by “...Guillermus servi Dei in Cabella...”[657]. "...Domino Guillermus Servi Dei in Capella..." subscribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1069 under which Sancho I King of Aragon granted rights to settlement at "castellanum de Sirag"[658]. "...S[enior] Guillermus Servus Dei tenente Toleto" subscribed the charter dated Mar 1072 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated "castrum et villam de Gradibus" [Graus] to Sobrarbe San Victorián[659]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1078, under which King Sancho I granted "locum...Kaster Lenas" to “Gondbal Ramon”, records “...S[enior] Guillermus Servus Dei tenente Toleto" subscribed the charter dated May 1084 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated the church of San Felix "prope de Aissa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[660].

1. ÍÑIGO López (-after May 1084). Señor en Buil. The dating clause of a charter dated 25 May 1036, under which “ultima ancilla Christi Blasquita” donated “locum...Ballerani” to San Juan de la Peña, records “...senior Enneco Lopez in Bugili, senior Sancio Galindiz in Boltania...”[661]. King Ramiro I donated the church of San Miguel "prope Calonica Baasa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 1035 [must be misdated], subscribed by "…Senior Ennecho Lobez in Buil..."[662]. "...Ennecho Lopiz in Boili..." subscribed the charter dated May 1049 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated the church of San Miguel "prope Colonica Bassa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[663]. “...Senior Enneco Lopez in Bugili...” subscribed the charter dated 10 Oct 1054 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated “monasterium...Sancti Martini de Sarasso...inter Larosse et Orzasso” to “Eximino presbiter creato meo”[664]. The dating clause of a charter dated 19 Mar 1055, under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated the monastery of San Cucufate de Lecina to San Andrés de Fanlo, records “...senior Enneco Lopiz in Bugili”[665]. "...S[enior] Ennecho Lobez tenente Boil..." subscribed the charter dated Mar 1072 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated "castrum et villam de Gradibus" [Graus] to Sobrarbe San Victorián[666]. "...S[enior] Ennecho Lopez tenente Boil..." subscribed the charter dated May 1084 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated the church of San Felix "prope de Aissa" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[667].

1. JIMENO Fortúnez . Señor en Luzares. "S[enior] Exemeno Fortunionis…tenente Luzares..." subscribed the charter dated 2 Jan 1045 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon granted freedom to "domno Elia…in castro Luzares"[668].

1. SUNYER Gocifret (-after 10 Oct 1054). "...S[enior] Sunier Gocifret" subscribed the charter dated 2 Jan 1045 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon granted freedom to "domno Elia…in castro Luzares"[669]. Señor en Petra Rubea. "...Don Suniero in Petra Rubea" subscribed the charter dated 1049 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated "de Matirero usque in Esera et de Serra de Arb…decima" to Sobrarbe San Victorián[670]. “...Don Soniero in Petrarruba...” subscribed the charter dated 10 Oct 1054 under which Ramiro I King of Aragon donated “monasterium...Sancti Martini de Sarasso...inter Larosse et Orzasso” to “Eximino presbiter creato meo”[671]. [m ---. The name of Sunyer´s wife is not known Sunyer & his wife had [one child:]

a) [RAMÓN Sunyer . Señor en Monesma. "...Dompno Remon Suiner in Monte Mesma" subscribed the charter dated 5 Jan 1066 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated "caput mansum…Iohan de Pui de Sus" to Santo Tomás de Torre de Ésera[672]. m VELASQUITA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 27 Feb 1117 under which [her daughter] “Tota filia de Raimon Sonier et de domna Blaschita” sold property “in illo termino de Griaualo quem in illo de Banasto” to Sobrarbe San Victorián[673]. Ramón & his wife had one child:

i) TOTA (-after 27 Feb 1117). “Tota filia de Raimon Sonier et de domna Blaschita” sold property “in illo termino de Griaualo quem in illo de Banasto” to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 27 Feb 1117, subscribed by “Raimon Belenguer, Arnald Belenguer qui sumus filii de supradicta Tota, Senior Fortunio Dat, senior Barbatorta, Garcia Fortunios frater eius, Lop Galinzs filius Calueti, Ato Orella filius de domne Oria de Arnellas”[674]. m BERENGUER, son of --- (-before 27 Feb 1117).

1. GARCÍA ([930/50]-). m ---. The name of García´s wife is not known. García & his wife had one child:

a) ATO García ([955/70]-). A charter dated 25 May 1036, under which “ultima ancilla Christi Blasquita” donated “locum...Ballerani” to San Juan de la Peña, quotes an earlier charter under which “senior Ato Garcianes...cum...dompna Blasquita uxor mea et filio meo senior Galinno Atonis et filios eius nepotes meos...abba Eximino cum suos fratres Ato Galindez et senior Galindo Galindez et senior Enneco Lopez cum suo fratre senior Fortunio Lopez...ex genere nostro” donated “ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Ballaran”[675]. m VELASQUITA, daughter of --- (-[25 May 1036/1042]). A charter dated 25 May 1036, under which “ultima ancilla Christi Blasquita” donated “locum...Ballerani” to San Juan de la Peña, quotes an earlier charter under which “senior Ato Garcianes...cum...dompna Blasquita uxor mea et filio meo senior Galinno Atonis et filios eius nepotes meos...abba Eximino cum suos fratres Ato Galindez et senior Galindo Galindez et senior Enneco Lopez cum suo fratre senior Fortunio Lopez...ex genere nostro” donated “ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Ballaran”[676]. Ramiro I King of Aragon confirmed the possessions of San Juan de la Peña, including the donation made by “domna Blasquita que fuit in Ballerane...ad oram obitus sui...ad suum nepotem domno Eximinio filio de senior Galindo Atones” and the later donation made by “senior Atu Galindez suo germano de supradicto domno Eximinio et senior Enneco Lopez de Aquilue”, by charter dated 1042[677]. Ato & his wife had two children:

i) GALINDO Atónez ([980/995]-after 25 May 1036). His birth date range is estimated arbitrarily assuming that the birth-date range of his son Ato is correctly estimated as shown below. A charter dated 25 May 1036, under which “ultima ancilla Christi Blasquita” donated “locum...Ballerani” to San Juan de la Peña, quotes an earlier charter under which “senior Ato Garcianes...cum...dompna Blasquita uxor mea et filio meo senior Galinno Atonis et filios eius nepotes meos...abba Eximino cum suos fratres Ato Galindez et senior Galindo Galindez et senior Enneco Lopez cum suo fratre senior Fortunio Lopez...ex genere nostro” donated “ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Ballaran”[678]. m as her first husband, URRACA ---, daughter of ---. She married secondly as his second wife, Sancho Galíndez. The (first) testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1063 and bequeathes property to their children Pedro Sánchez, Jimeno Sánchez, Tota, Urraca, and Urraca´s children (presumably by an earlier marriage) Ato Galíndez and Gallo Galíndez[679]. Her two marriages are confirmed by a charter dated 1042, under which Ramiro I King of Aragon confirmed the possessions of San Juan de la Peña, which records the donation made by “domna Blasquita que fuit in Ballerane...ad oram obitus sui...ad suum nepotem domno Eximinio filio de senior Galindo Atones”, the later donation made by “senior Atu Galindez suo germano de supradicto domno Eximinio et senior Enneco Lopez de Aquilue”, and the subsequent dispute which was heard before (among others) “...senior Sancio Galindez et sua matre de domno Eximinio et suo patrastro”[680]. Galindo & his wife had three children:

(1) ATO Galíndez ([1010/20]-after Jan 1072). A charter dated 25 May 1036, under which “ultima ancilla Christi Blasquita” donated “locum...Ballerani” to San Juan de la Peña, quotes an earlier charter under which “senior Ato Garcianes...cum...dompna Blasquita uxor mea et filio meo senior Galinno Atonis et filios eius nepotes meos...abba Eximino cum suos fratres Ato Galindez et senior Galindo Galindez et senior Enneco Lopez cum suo fratre senior Fortunio Lopez...ex genere nostro” donated “ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Ballaran”[681]. Ramiro I King of Aragon confirmed the possessions of San Juan de la Peña, including the donation made by “domna Blasquita que fuit in Ballerane...ad oram obitus sui...ad suum nepotem domno Eximinio filio de senior Galindo Atones” and the later donation made by “senior Atu Galindez suo germano de supradicto domno Eximinio et senior Enneco Lopez de Aquilue”[682]. Ramiro I King of Aragon granted “heredidate que fuit de domna Spotosa de Larvesse et de presbiter Ato suo filio” to “Atto Galindiz” in exchange for a horse by charter dated 13 Feb 1043[683]. "Ato Galinz…cum fratre meo Galindo" donated "unum excusatum in castro et in villa…Morchato…Sancio Modeger" to Sobrarbe San Victorián, for the soul of "patris nostri Galindoni", by charter dated 1055, subscribed by "S[enior] Sanz Galinz tenente Boltania, S[enior] Fertunio Blasche tenente Sancto Martino, S[enior] Fertunio Sangons"[684]. Señor en Avinzanla [Abinzanda]. The dating clause of a charter dated Dec 1055, under which “senior Eximino Garcez” exchanged property with “domna Lopa”, records “...senior Sancio Galindiz in Boltania, senior Ato Alinz in Avizanla”[685]. The (first) testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1063 and bequeathes property to their children Pedro Sánchez, Jimeno Sánchez, Tota, Urraca, and Urraca´s children (presumably by an earlier marriage) Ato Galíndez and Gallo Galíndez[686]. “Sancius...Rex filius Ranimiri Regis” donated property to Roda, for the salvation of “mea et uxoris ac filiorum”, by charter dated 18 Aug 1068, witnessed by “Sancio fratre suo de Rex Sancio, Garcia similiter, Senior Sancio Galim de Boltania, Senior Ato Galin in Abinzalla, Senior Fortung Belasch in santo Martino, suo fratre Galindo Belasch in Froceto, Senior Sancio Azenar in Petra-rubea, Guillermus servi Dei in Cabella...”[687]. Señor en Civitate. "...Senior Ato Galindez in --- et in Civitate..." subscribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1069 under which Sancho I King of Aragon granted rights to settlement at "castellanum de Sirag"[688]. Señor en Nocito. "…Senior Ato Galindiz in Abinzada et in Nozito…" is named in the dating clause of the charter dated 27 Oct 1070 under which "domina Sancia, mater Ranimiri regis" granted the monastery of Santa Cecilia de Aibar to "nepte mea domna Sancia"[689]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1072, under which Sancho I King of Aragon sold “terra quod erat porcariza in Novalla” to San Andrés de Fanlo, records “...senior Ato Alinz in Abinzanla”[690]. "Ato Galindonis et uxor mee Englia" sold land in El Plano to "Sentero" by charter dated May [1064/76], subscribed by "Garsia Galindonis, Durando Galindonis"[691]. m ENGLIA, daughter of ---. "Ato Galindonis et uxor mee Englia" sold land in El Plano to "Sentero" by charter dated May [1064/76], subscribed by "Garsia Galindonis, Durando Galindonis"[692].

(2) GALINDO Galíndez (-after 1063). A charter dated 25 May 1036, under which “ultima ancilla Christi Blasquita” donated “locum...Ballerani” to San Juan de la Peña, quotes an earlier charter under which “senior Ato Garcianes...cum...dompna Blasquita uxor mea et filio meo senior Galinno Atonis et filios eius nepotes meos...abba Eximino cum suos fratres Ato Galindez et senior Galindo Galindez et senior Enneco Lopez cum suo fratre senior Fortunio Lopez...ex genere nostro” donated “ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Ballaran”[693]. "Ato Galinz…cum fratre meo Galindo" donated "unum excusatum in castro et in villa…Morchato…Sancio Modeger" to Sobrarbe San Victorián, for the soul of "patris nostri Galindoni", by charter dated 1055[694]. The (first) testament of “Sancho Galindez and his wife Urraca” is dated 1063 and bequeathes property to their children Pedro Sánchez, Jimeno Sánchez, Tota, Urraca, and Urraca´s children (presumably by an earlier marriage) Ato Galíndez and Gallo Galíndez[695].

(3) JIMENO Galíndez . A charter dated 25 May 1036, under which “ultima ancilla Christi Blasquita” donated “locum...Ballerani” to San Juan de la Peña, quotes an earlier charter under which “senior Ato Garcianes...cum...dompna Blasquita uxor mea et filio meo senior Galinno Atonis et filios eius nepotes meos...abba Eximino cum suos fratres Ato Galindez et senior Galindo Galindez et senior Enneco Lopez cum suo fratre senior Fortunio Lopez...ex genere nostro” donated “ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Ballaran”[696]. Abbot. Ramiro I King of Aragon confirmed the possessions of San Juan de la Peña, including the donation made by “domna Blasquita que fuit in Ballerane...ad oram obitus sui...ad suum nepotem domno Eximinio filio de senior Galindo Atones” and the later donation made by “senior Atu Galindez suo germano de supradicto domno Eximinio et senior Enneco Lopez de Aquilue”, by charter dated 1042[697].

ii) daughter . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 25 May 1036, under which “ultima ancilla Christi Blasquita” donated “locum...Ballerani” to San Juan de la Peña, which quotes an earlier charter under which “senior Ato Garcianes...cum...dompna Blasquita uxor mea et filio meo senior Galinno Atonis et filios eius nepotes meos...abba Eximino cum suos fratres Ato Galindez et senior Galindo Galindez et senior Enneco Lopez cum suo fratre senior Fortunio Lopez...ex genere nostro” donated “ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Ballaran”[698]. m LOPE ---, son of ---. Lope & his wife had two children:

(1) ÍÑIGO López . A charter dated 25 May 1036, under which “ultima ancilla Christi Blasquita” donated “locum...Ballerani” to San Juan de la Peña, quotes an earlier charter under which “senior Ato Garcianes...cum...dompna Blasquita uxor mea et filio meo senior Galinno Atonis et filios eius nepotes meos...abba Eximino cum suos fratres Ato Galindez et senior Galindo Galindez et senior Enneco Lopez cum suo fratre senior Fortunio Lopez...ex genere nostro” donated “ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Ballaran”[699]. Ramiro I King of Aragon confirmed the possessions of San Juan de la Peña, including the donation made by “domna Blasquita que fuit in Ballerane...ad oram obitus sui...ad suum nepotem domno Eximinio filio de senior Galindo Atones” and the later donation made by “senior Atu Galindez suo germano de supradicto domno Eximinio et senior Enneco Lopez de Aquilue”[700].

(2) FORTÚN López . A charter dated 25 May 1036, under which “ultima ancilla Christi Blasquita” donated “locum...Ballerani” to San Juan de la Peña, quotes an earlier charter under which “senior Ato Garcianes...cum...dompna Blasquita uxor mea et filio meo senior Galinno Atonis et filios eius nepotes meos...abba Eximino cum suos fratres Ato Galindez et senior Galindo Galindez et senior Enneco Lopez cum suo fratre senior Fortunio Lopez...ex genere nostro” donated “ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Ballaran”[701].

1. FORTÚN Sánchez (-after 20 Mar 1076). "Ato Galinz…cum fratre meo Galindo" donated "unum excusatum in castro et in villa…Morchato…Sancio Modeger" to Sobrarbe San Victorián, for the soul of "patris nostri Galindoni", by charter dated 1055, subscribed by "...S[enior] Fertunio Sangons"[702]. Señor en Huarte. "S[enior] Fertung Sanz in Huarte..." subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1067 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed his father´s donations to Sobrarbe San Victorián[703]. "S[enior] Fertung in Huarte..." subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1076 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed the privileges of Sobrarbe San Victorián[704].

[Three] brothers:

1. SANCHO Aznárez (-after Dec 1093). Señor en San Estebán. Señor en Petra Rubia. "Infante Sancio Ramirez in Fonte Toba et Banabarre, Senior Sanxo Acenarez in Sancto Stephano et in Petra Ruba..." subscribed the charter dated 5 Jan 1066 under which Sancho I King of Aragon donated "caput mansum…Iohan de Pui de Sus" to Santo Tomás de Torre de Ésera[705]. “Sancius...Rex filius Ranimiri Regis” donated property to Roda, for the salvation of “mea et uxoris ac filiorum”, by charter dated 18 Aug 1068, witnessed by “...Senior Sancio Azenar in Petra-rubea...”[706]. "...Senior Sancio Aznares in Petrapubea..." subscribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1069 under which Sancho I King of Aragon granted rights to settlement at "castellanum de Sirag"[707]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1075, under which King Sancho I granted “campo...de Arasse...et...terra kannamine de Uieskasa” to “senior Sancio Acenarez de Uieskasa”, records “...ille med ipse senior Sancio Acenarez in Petra Roba, suo germano Pepino Acenarez in Senabui”[708]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1078, under which King Sancho I granted "locum...Kaster Lenas" to “Gondbal Ramon”, records “......Senior Sancio Azenarez in Petra Roua, Infante Sancio Ramiriz in Banabar...”[709]. King Sancho I granted “Artasona...subtus terminos Aierbe” to “senior Sancio Azenariz et Pepino Acenariz” by charter dated 30 Sep 1087, the dating clause recording “...senior Sancio Acenariz supranominato in Petra Rubia, iam dictus senior Pepino Acenariz in Alkezar et in Arahueste...”[710]. The dating clause of the charter dated Jan 1092, under which “Petrus Sangiz regis filius” granted “villa de Supetra...castro de Zaidí” to “Pere Ramon d´Eril”, records “...senior Sancio Acenarz in Petra rubea...”[711]. The dating clause of the charter dated Dec 1093, under which “Petrus Sangiz” confirmed “alode...de Hotman” to “Cipriane meo repostero”, records “...senior Sancio Acenariz in Petra rueba...”[712]. same person as...? SANCHO Aznárez . m ANDREGOTO, daughter of ---. “Tota filia de s[enior] Sangu Acenariz et de domna Entregoto qui fui uxor de Petro Brocardi” donated “terciam partem de villa Muro Maiore” to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated Jun 1108[713]. Sancho & his wife had one child:

a) TOTA Sánchez (-after Jun 1108). “Tota filia de s[enior] Sangu Acenariz et de domna Entregoto qui fui uxor de Petro Brocardi” donated “terciam partem de villa Muro Maiore” to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated Jun 1108, subscribed by “comes Sancius senior in Montecluso, S[enior] don Calueth in Auizanla, S[enior] Exemen Galinz in Sancto Martino, Barbatorta in Araoste”[714]. m PEDRO Brocard, son of --- (-before Jun 1108).

2. [ÍÑIGO Aznárez (-after 29 Oct 1069). Señor en Girostano. "...Senior Sancio Aznares in Petrapubea, Senior Enecho Açnareç in Girostano..." subscribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1069 under which Sancho I King of Aragon granted rights to settlement at "castellanum de Sirag"[715].]

3. PEPINO Aznárez (-after 30 Sep 1087). The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1075, under which King Sancho I granted “campo...de Arasse...et...terra kannamine de Uieskasa” to “senior Sancio Acenarez de Uieskasa”, records “...ille med ipse senior Sancio Acenarez in Petra Roba, suo germano Pepino Acenarez in Senabui”[716]. Señor in Alquezar, Señor in Arahueste. King Sancho I granted “Artasona...subtus terminos Aierbe” to “senior Sancio Azenariz et Pepino Acenariz” by charter dated 30 Sep 1087, the dating clause recording “...senior Sancio Acenariz supranominato in Petra Rubia, iam dictus senior Pepino Acenariz in Alkezar et in Arahueste...”[717].

1. RAMÓN Galíndez (-after 25 Nov [1095]). Señor en Estada. "...S[enior] Ramon Galindo in Stata..." subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1067 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed his father´s donations to Sobrarbe San Victorián[718]. "...S[enior] Ramon Galindo in Stata..." subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1076 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed the privileges of Sobrarbe San Victorián[719]. “Petrus Sancii regis filius” granted “kasas que fuerunt de Cadima” to “senior Eximino Garceiz” by charter dated Jul 1087, the dating clause of which records “...seniores in Stata: senior Remon Galindez et senior Enneko Sangiz et senior Eximino Garceiz et senior Lope Fortuniones et senior Galindo Garceiz”[720]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jul 1087, under which "Petrus Sancii regis filii" granted "camium in Tronceto" to “Sanzio Galinz de Oso” in exchange for the church of San Miguel, records “comes Sancius in Banabarri, in Stata seniores prenominati, s[enior] Ramon Galin et senior Ennecho Sangiz et s[enior] Lope Fortuniones et s[enior] Exemino Garcez et s[enior] Galin Garzez...”[721]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jun 1091, under which the bishop of Roda confirmed exemptions of Sobrarbe San Victorián, records “...S[enior] Ramon Galiniz in Stata...”[722]. Señor en Estadella. The dating clause of the charter dated Jan 1092, under which “Petrus Sangiz regis filius” granted “villa de Supetra...castro de Zaidí” to “Pere Ramon d´Eril”, records “...senior Ramon Galindo in Stata et Statella...”[723]. "Sanci Galinz de villa Oso cum filiis et filii meis" donated the church of San Miguel "in castro Tronceto" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 25 Nov [1095], the dating clause of which records “...in Stata et Estadella senior Raimon Galinz...”[724].

1. JIMENO García (-after 20 Mar 1076). Senior de Buil. "...S[enior] Exemen Garzez in Boil..." subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1067 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed his father´s donations to Sobrarbe San Victorián[725]. “…Senior Exemen Garceiz in Boil…” is named in the dating clause of a charter of Sancho IV King of Navarre dated to [1069/70][726]. "...S[enior] Exemen Garzez in Boil..." subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1076 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed the privileges of Sobrarbe San Victorián[727].

1. GARCÍA Fortúnez (-after 29 Oct 1069). Señor en Montclús. "...Senior Garcia Fortuniones in Montecluso..." subscribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1069 under which Sancho I King of Aragon granted rights to settlement at "castellanum de Sirag"[728].

1. BERNALDO Mironis (-after 29 Oct 1069). Señor en Obisguarre. "...Domino Bernaldus Miro in Obisguarre..." subscribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1069 under which Sancho I King of Aragon granted rights to settlement at "castellanum de Sirag"[729].

1. RAMÓN (-after 29 Oct 1069). Señor en Castella Galez. "...Domino Remon seniore in Castella Galez..." subscribed the charter dated 29 Oct 1069 under which Sancho I King of Aragon granted rights to settlement at "castellanum de Sirag"[730].

1. GALINDO --- “Kaluet” (-after Jun 1108). Señor en Elsón. Señor en Abinzanda. The dating clause of a charter dated Jun 1091, under which the bishop of Roda confirmed exemptions of Sobrarbe San Victorián, records “...S[enior] don Kaluet in Elson et in Auinzala...”[731]. “Tota filia de s[enior] Sangu Acenariz et de domna Entregoto qui fui uxor de Petro Brocardi” donated “terciam partem de villa Muro Maiore” to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated Jun 1108, subscribed by “comes Sancius senior in Montecluso, S[enior] don Calueth in Auizanla, S[enior] Exemen Galinz in Sancto Martino, Barbatorta in Araoste”[732]. The dating clause of a charter dated Dec 1108, under which King Alfonso I granted "illa almunia de Abinaamet" to “Galin Iohannis et...Fortunio Iohannis ambos germanos”, records “...Senior don Calbet in Elson et in Auizania...”[733]. m ---. The name of Kaluet´s wife is not known. Kaluet & his wife had one child:

a) LOPE Galíndez . “Tota filia de Raimon Sonier et de domna Blaschita” sold property “in illo termino de Griaualo quem in illo de Banasto” to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 27 Feb 1117, subscribed by “...Lop Galinzs filius Calueti...”[734].

1. JIMENO García (-after May 1103). “Petrus Sancii regis filius” granted “kasas que fuerunt de Cadima” to “senior Eximino Garceiz” by charter dated Jul 1087, the dating clause of which records “...seniores in Stata: senior Remon Galindez et senior Enneko Sangiz et senior Eximino Garceiz et senior Lope Fortuniones et senior Galindo Garceiz”[735]. Señor en Monzón. The dating clause of a charter dated Jun 1091, under which the bishop of Roda confirmed exemptions of Sobrarbe San Victorián, records “...S[enior] Exemen Garzez...”[736]. "Sanci Galinz de villa Oso cum filiis et filii meis" donated the church of San Miguel "in castro Tronceto" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 25 Nov [1095], the dating clause of which records “Senior Exemeno Garcez et Senior Ennecho Sanz in Monteson...”[737]. Pedro I King of Aragon donated the church of Chia to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated Mar 1099, the dating clause of which records "...Adefonsus frater meus in Bel, S[enior] Exemen Garcez in Monteson, S[enior] Petro Sanz in Boltania"[738]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1102, under which Pedro I King of Aragon donated “una alumnia in termino de Montson” to Sobrarbe San Victorián, records “Adefonsus frater meus in Biel, Senior Exemeno Garzez in Montson...”[739]. The dating clause of a charter dated May 1103, under which Pedro I King of Aragon donated “villam...Griavalo” to Sobrarbe San Victorián, records “Adefonsus frater in Biele, Senior Fertung Lopez in Loar et in Boleia, Senior Exemino Garcez in Montson, Senior Fertunio Dat in Calasanz”[740].

1. ÍÑIGO Sánchez (-after Dec 1108). “Petrus Sancii regis filius” granted “kasas que fuerunt de Cadima” to “senior Eximino Garceiz” by charter dated Jul 1087, the dating clause of which records “...seniores in Stata: senior Remon Galindez et senior Enneko Sangiz et senior Eximino Garceiz et senior Lope Fortuniones et senior Galindo Garceiz”[741]. Señor en Monzón. The dating clause of a charter dated Jun 1091, under which the bishop of Roda confirmed exemptions of Sobrarbe San Victorián, records “...S[enior] Ennecho Sangiz in Montson”[742]. The dating clause of the charter dated Jan 1092, under which “Petrus Sangiz regis filius” granted “villa de Supetra...castro de Zaidí” to “Pere Ramon d´Eril”, records “...senior Enego Sangiz in Monteson”[743]. "Sanci Galinz de villa Oso cum filiis et filii meis" donated the church of San Miguel "in castro Tronceto" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 25 Nov [1095], the dating clause of which records “Senior Exemeno Garcez et Senior Ennecho Sanz in Monteson...”[744]. Señor en Calasanz. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan [1106], under which Alfonso I King of Aragon granted property in “la Cortina de Araust” to “Gintha de Eisquayn”, records “Don Rademiro in Montison, Senior Enego Sangiz in Calasanz”[745]. "Adefonsus Sangiz…rex" granted property to "Gincha de Eisquayn…" by charter dated Jan 1106, the dating clause naming "…senior Enego Sangiz in Calasanz…"[746]. "Adefonsus Sangiz…rex" granted rights to the monastery of San Salvador del Pueyo by charter dated May 1108, the dating clause naming "…senior Enego Sangeç in Calasanç…"[747]. Señor en Albalat. The dating clause of a charter dated Dec 1108, under which King Alfonso I granted "illa almunia de Abinaamet" to “Galin Iohannis et...Fortunio Iohannis ambos germanos”, records “...Senior Enecho Sangiz in Calasanz et in Albalat...”[748].

1. JIMENO Galíndez (-after Jun 1108). Señor en San Martín. "Sanci Galinz de villa Oso cum filiis et filii meis" donated the church of San Miguel "in castro Tronceto" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 25 Nov [1095], the dating clause of which records “...in Sancto Martino Exemeno Galinz...”[749]. “Tota filia de s[enior] Sangu Acenariz et de domna Entregoto qui fui uxor de Petro Brocardi” donated “terciam partem de villa Muro Maiore” to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated Jun 1108, subscribed by “...S[enior] Exemen Galinz in Sancto Martino...”[750].

1. FORTÚN Aznárez (-after 25 Nov [1095]). Señor en Alquezar. The dating clause of a charter dated Jul 1087, under which "Petrus Sancii regis filii" granted "camium in Tronceto" to “Sanzio Galinz de Oso” in exchange for the church of San Miguel, records “...in Alqezar s[enior] Fortunio Azenarz et s[enior] Sanzio Garzez et s[enior] Blascho Garzez et s[enior] Exemeno Garzez et s[enior] Garcia Exemenons”[751]. "Sanci Galinz de villa Oso cum filiis et filii meis" donated the church of San Miguel "in castro Tronceto" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 25 Nov [1095], the dating clause of which records “...In Elgezer senior Fortunio Acenarz et senior Garcia Eximenons”[752].

1. GARCÍA Jiménez (-after 25 Nov [1095]). The dating clause of a charter dated Jul 1087, under which "Petrus Sancii regis filii" granted "camium in Tronceto" to “Sanzio Galinz de Oso” in exchange for the church of San Miguel, records “...in Alqezar s[enior] Fortunio Azenarz et s[enior] Sanzio Garzez et s[enior] Blascho Garzez et s[enior] Exemeno Garzez et s[enior] Garcia Exemenons”[753]. Señor en Alquezar. "Sanci Galinz de villa Oso cum filiis et filii meis" donated the church of San Miguel "in castro Tronceto" to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 25 Nov [1095], the dating clause of which records “...In Elgezer senior Fortunio Acenarz et senior Garcia Eximenons”[754].

1. DATO --- ([995/1015]-). His birth date range is estimated arbitrarily on the assumption that his son Fortún was 30 years old when first mentioned. The name Dato is found in the family of the Gascon comtes de Bigorre (see the document GASCONY) in the 9th and 10th centuries. m ---. The name of Dato´s wife is not known. Dato & his wife had [two] children:

a) FORTÚN Dato (-after 23 Apr 1044). Señor en Montclús. “…Senior Fortunio Date dominator in Montecluso…” subscribed a charter of Leire monastery dated 23 Apr 1044[755]. same person as…? FORTÚN Dato (-after 1050). Señor en Ipiés. "Senior Fortunio Dat” and “senior Fortunio Date in Ipresse" are named in two charters for the monastery of San Andrés de Fanlo dated 25 Feb 1045 and 1050 respectively[756].

b) [SANCHO Dato (-after 13 Aug 1043). No indication has been found that Fortún Dato and Sancho Dato were brothers except for the common patronymic and the favourable chronology. Stabularius at the royal court. “…Senior Sancio Dat stabularius…” subscribed two charters of Leire monastery dated 13 Apr 1042 and 1042[757]. “…Senior Sancio Dat caualarizo…” subscribed a charter of Leire monastery dated 13 Aug 1043[758].] m ---. The name of Sancho´s wife is not known. Sancho & his wife had [one possible child]:

i) [ÍÑIGO Sánchez (-after 20 Mar 1076). The patronymic of the father of Íñigo Sánchez is not known, However, the reference to the señorío de Montecluso suggests that he may have been closely related to Fortún Dato Señor en Montclús. Señor en Montclús. "...S[enior] Enneg Sanz in Montecluso..." subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1067 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed his father´s donations to Sobrarbe San Victorián[759]. “…Senior Enec Sanz in Montecluso…” is named in the dating clause of a charter of Sancho IV King of Navarre dated to [1069/70][760]. "...S[enior] Enneg Sanz in Montecluso, S[enior] Exemen Garzez in Boil, S[enior] Fertung Sanz in Bail et in Eliso" subscribed the charter dated 20 Mar 1076 under which Sancho I King of Aragon confirmed the privileges of Sobrarbe San Victorián[761].]

1. AZNAR Aznárez . Señor en Montclús. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1102, under which Pedro I King of Aragon donated “una alumnia in termino de Montson” to Sobrarbe San Victorián, records “Adefonsus frater meus in Biel, Senior Exemeno Garzez in Montson, Senior Fortun Dat in Calasanz, Senior Acenar Acenarez in Montecluso”[762].

1. DATO --- ([1030/40]-). His birth date range is estimated arbitrarily on the assumption that his son Fortún was 30 years old when first mentioned. m ---. The name of Dato´s wife is not known. Dato & his wife had one child:

a) FORTÚN Dato (-after Apr 1154). Señor en Calasanz. The dating clause of the charter dated 1095, under which Pedro I King of Aragon confirmed “decimas...ecclesiam de Nabal” to San Victorián, records “...senior Fortunio Dat in Chalasanz...”[763]. Señor en Villella. "Petrus Sangiz…Aragonensium et Pampilonensium rex" granted property "villa de Arguiñáriz" to "Senior Didaco Albarez" by charter dated Dec 1099, subscribed by "…senior Fortunio Date in Calasanz…"[764]. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1102, under which Pedro I King of Aragon donated “una alumnia in termino de Montson” to Sobrarbe San Victorián, records “Adefonsus frater meus in Biel, Senior Exemeno Garzez in Montson, Senior Fortun Dat in Calasanz...”[765]. The dating clause of a charter dated May 1103, under which Pedro I King of Aragon donated “villam...Griavalo” to Sobrarbe San Victorián, records “Adefonsus frater in Biele...Senior Fertunio Dat in Calasanz”[766]. "Senior Fortunio Dat in Calasanz et in Villela” is named in the dating clause of a charter for monastery of San Andrés de Fanlo dated Oct 1103[767]. Señor en Barbastro. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1116, under which Alfonso I King of Aragon donated “casas de Ramondo Guielmo et de Petro Guielmo suo germano...in Monteson et in Barbastro” to Alaón, records “...senior Fortunio Dat in Barbastro...”[768]. The dating clause of a charter dated May 1116, under which King Alfonso I granted "casas que fuerunt de Hagen" to “Ferraboch”, records “...Senior Fertungo Dat in Barbastro...”[769]. "Senior Fortunio Dat" founded an anniversary at Huesca San Pedro el Viejo by charter dated 1126[770]. Ramiro II King of Aragon granted "casas...de...mauro...Mahomat filio de Paloru" to “Fortunio Date de Boleia” by charter dated Jul 1135, the dating clause of which records “...Fortunio Date in Barbastro et in Petra Selce...”[771]. "Pere Ramon d’Estada et Fortunio Dat de Barbastro et Galin Garcez de Artusella et Exemeno Garcez frater et Ramon de Boleia scriptor comitis..." witnessed the charter dated 11 Dec 1146 under which “Fortunio Acenariz de Tarassona” donated “almunia...Comtita” to the Knights Templars[772]. The dating clause of a charter dated Apr 1154, under which Ramón Berenguer IV Conde de Barcelona granted fueros to San Esteban de Luesia, records "...Fertungo Dat in Barbastro...”[773].

1. RAMIRO (-after Dec 1108). Señor en Monzón. The dating clause of a charter dated Jan [1106], under which Alfonso I King of Aragon granted property in “la Cortina de Araust” to “Gintha de Eisquayn”, records “Don Rademiro in Montison, Senior Enego Sangiz in Calasanz”[774]. King Alfonso I granted "in Tamarit...casas" to “Stephano de Stadella” by charter dated Dec 1107, subscribed by “...Don Rodmiro in Montso, Sanç in Ouego, Sanchiç in Calasanç et in Calazareb”[775]. The dating clause of a charter dated Dec 1108, under which King Alfonso I granted "illa almunia de Abinaamet" to “Galin Iohannis et...Fortunio Iohannis ambos germanos”, records “...Don Redmiro in Mo[n]teson et in Boile, Senior Enecho Sangiz in Calasanz et in Albalat, vos ipsos Galindo Iohannes et Fortunio Iohannes in Tamaret et in Montecluso”[776].

Two brothers:

1. [LOPE] Fortúnez “Barbatorta” (-after Dec 1126). If Jimeno López, named below, was the son of this “Barbatorta”, his father was named Lope. [Señor] en Alquezar. The dating clause of the charter dated 1095, under which Pedro I King of Aragon confirmed “decimas...ecclesiam de Nabal” to San Victorián, records “...Barba Torta in Alchezar”[777]. Señor en Ruesta. “Tota filia de s[enior] Sangu Acenariz et de domna Entregoto qui fui uxor de Petro Brocardi” donated “terciam partem de villa Muro Maiore” to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated Jun 1108, subscribed by “...Barbatorta in Araoste”[778]. “Tota filia de Raimon Sonier et de domna Blaschita” sold property “in illo termino de Griaualo quem in illo de Banasto” to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 27 Feb 1117, subscribed by “...senior Barbatorta, Garcia Fortunios frater eius...”[779]. "Barbatorta et filii mei" donated “almunia que fuit de Ibentenia” to Huesca San Pedro el Viejo, for the soul of “uxoris mee domne Sancie”, by charter dated Dec 1126[780]. m SANCHA, daughter of --- (-before Dec 1126). "Barbatorta et filii mei" donated “almunia que fuit de Ibentenia” to Huesca San Pedro el Viejo, for the soul of “uxoris mee domne Sancie”, by charter dated Dec 1126[781]. Barbatorta & his wife had children:

a) sons . "Barbatorta et filii mei" donated “almunia que fuit de Ibentenia” to Huesca San Pedro el Viejo, for the soul of “uxoris mee domne Sancie”, by charter dated Dec 1126[782].

b) [JIMENO López . “Xemen Lopiz, filio de Barbatorta” donated “suo cavallo et suas armas in suo fine” to the Templars, by undated charter (recorded in a manuscript dated to [1157/60])[783]. It has not been confirmed that Jimeno’s father was the same “Barbatorta” who is shown above.]

2. GARCIA Fortúnez . “Tota filia de Raimon Sonier et de domna Blaschita” sold property “in illo termino de Griaualo quem in illo de Banasto” to Sobrarbe San Victorián by charter dated 27 Feb 1117, subscribed by “...senior Barbatorta, Garcia Fortunios frater eius...”[784].

1. ÍÑIGO Fortúnez . Señor en Aneso. King Pedro I granted "in Boleia...kasas de Abin Fahre" to “don Galindo” by charter dated Jan 1103, subscribed by “...Senior Enneco Fortuniones in Annesso...”[785]. Señor en Cereso. “...Sennor Ennego Fragones de Cereso...” confirmed the charter dated Aug 1116 under which Alfonso I King of Aragon donated the monastery of San Martín de Soto to Valvanera[786].

1. FORTÚN Sánchez . Señor en Sarangena. King Alfonso I granted "illo castello de Petra Alta" to “senior Enneco Galindeç” by charter dated Mar 1105, subscribed by “...Senior Galin Sangiç in Funes et in Sos, Senior Lope Lopeç in Uno Castello, Senior Fortunio Lopeç in Luar et in Boleia, Senior Garcia Çekodinç in Albarola et in Tub, Senior Fortunio Sangiç in Sarangena, Senior Enneco Galindeç in supra dicta Petra Alta...”[787].

1. FORTÚN Galíndez . Señor en Manzanares. “...Sennor Frago Galindez de Mazanares...” confirmed the charter dated Aug 1116 under which Alfonso I King of Aragon donated the monastery of San Martín de Soto to Valvanera[788].

1. SANCHO Aznárez (-after Aug 1116). Señor en Arneto. “...Sennor Sancio Azenariz de Arneto...” confirmed the charter dated Aug 1116 under which Alfonso I King of Aragon donated the monastery of San Martín de Soto to Valvanera[789].

1. LOPE García “Peregrino” (-[1133/34]). The dating clause of a charter dated Mar 1117, under which King Alfonso I granted "illa pardina de Anniessia" to “Lope Garcez Peregrino”, records “...Senior Lop Lopiz in Calahorra, Senior Acenar Acenariz in Funes, Senior Enneco Ximenons in Tafalla et Exeia, Senior Enneco Galindez in Sos et Abiego, Senior Lop Garcez in Stella et Aibare, Kastange in Biele, Per Petit in Loarre et in Boleia, Senior Lop Garcez Peregrino in Super Zaragoza, Santio Iohannes in Oscha et Alkezar, Fortun Iohannes in Tamareto, Tizon in Monson”[790]. Señor en Alagón. The dating clause of a charter dated 14 Apr 1121, under which "Bonet de Bordel..." sold property to “Raol de Arassunna”, records “...Petro Semenez iusticia in Zaragoza, Senior Lop Garcez Peregrino, presidente in Alagone, Senior Acenar Acenariz presidente in Totela, Semeno Sanz senior de Calataiub”[791]. King Alfonso I granted "in Epila super Rota III Campos" to “Lope Garcez Peregrino” by charter dated Jun 1124, subscribed by “...ipse senior Lope Garcez in Alagon et in supra dicta Epila, Ato Orela in Riccla, Fertungo Lopiç in Soria, Gaiçco in Tiraçona, Senior Forton Garcez Caxal in Nagara, Senior Enneco Fortugones in Larraga, Petro Tiçon in Stella, Castange in Biele, Pere Petit in Boleia, Sancio Iohans in Oscha, Ato Garcez in Petra Selez et in Barbastro, Iohan Galindez in Labata, Senior Tiçon in Boil et in Pomar”[792]. The dating clause of a charter dated Mar 1132, under which King Alfonso I granted property to “Fertungo Açenarç de Medina”, records "...Senior Lop Garçeç in Alagon et in Epila..."[793]. The testament of "Lope Garcez Pelegrino", dated to [1133/34], refers to property “illa medietate de mea mulier domna Maior” and makes donations of his own half of the property to the Knights Hospitallers and the Knights Templars[794]. m MAYOR, daughter of ---. The testament of "Lope Garcez Pelegrino", dated to [1133/34], refers to property “illa medietate de mea mulier domna Maior” and makes donations of his own half of the property to the Knights Hospitallers and the Knights Templars[795].

1. LOPE --- ([1055/70]-). His birth date range is estimated arbitrarily on the assumption that his son Íñigo was 30 years old when first mentioned. m ---. The name of Lope´s wife is not known. Lope & his wife had [two] children:

a) ÍÑIGO López (-after Apr 1124). Señor en Soria. "Aldefonsus…rex Aragonensium atque Pampilonensium" granted property to the church of Santa María de Pamplona by charter dated [1119], the dating clause naming "…Eneco Lopiz de Soria…"[796]. Alfonso I King of Aragon donated “hereditatem...sub kastro super ripam fluminis Leredme...ad vineam filiorum de Diago Munnioz” to Segovia Cathedral by charter dated Dec 1122, the dating clause of which records “comes dompnus Bertrandus in Karrione, Senior Enneco Ximinones in Extrematura, Senior Enneco Lopez in Soria”[797]. "Alfonsus…rex Aragonensis" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated [1123], confirmed by "…sennor Enneco Lopez dominus Sorie, sennor Fortun Lopez…"[798]. The dating clause of a charter dated Apr 1124, under which King Alfonso I granted "in Bascosse...casas" to “Guillelmo Sanchiz de Tena”, records “...Don Gaston in Osca et in Uno Castello et in Zaragoça, Senior Enneco Lopez in Soria, Senior Lope Lopez in Calahorra, Senior Enneco Galindez et Ato Orella in Sos et in Rigla, Senior Petro Eximeniz in Alasuas et in Tuberna, Illo Pelegrino in Alagon et in Super Zaragossa, Senior Caxal in Nagara, Senior Enneco Exemenones in Calataiub et in Senebue, Ato Garcez in Barbastro, Senior Tizon in Boil et in Monteson”[799].

b) [FORTÚN López (-after Apr [1127]). "Alfonsus…rex Aragonensis" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated [1123], confirmed by "…sennor Enneco Lopez dominus Sorie, sennor Fortun Lopez…"[800]. Señor en Soria. "Adefonsus…rex" donated property to the church of Santa María de Pamplona by charter dated Apr [1127], the dating clause naming "regnante…senior Fertungo Lopiç in Soria…"[801].]

B. AZAGRA (SEÑORES de ALBARRACÍN)

The history of the Azagra family is closely linked to the town of Albarracín, the señorío of which it acquired in the 12th century. Albarracín is located west of Teruel, on what became the south-western frontier area between the kingdom of Aragon and the kingdom of Castile. The town was under Muslim control in the early 12th century: under a charter dated May 1122 Alfonso I King of Aragon granted various territories including "illa civitate de Sancta Maria de Aberrazin...quando Deus...eam mihi dederit" to “don Centullo de Bigorra et de Lorda” [Centule [II] Comte de Bigorre, see the document GASCONY][802]. According to tradition, troops led by “el noble navarro Pedro Fernández de Azagra” helped “Mohamad Aden Sahad rey moro de Valencia y Murcia” [identified as Abu Abd Allah Mohammed bin Said bin Mardanish, known as “el Rey Lobo”, ruler of Murcia from the 1140s to 1172, see the document MOORISH SPAIN] to capture Granada from the Almohades in 1161, and in recognition Pedro Fernández was granted “la plaza de Albarracín y sus aldeas” in [1165]. The grant is confirmed by the bull of Pope Alexander IV dated 1 Apr 1258, which promulgates the union of the churches of Segorbe and Albarracín and records that “quondam Petrus Roderici nobilitate sanguinis” had been granted “quædam castella” [indicating Albarracín] by “claræ memoriæ Lupo rege”[803]. Pedro Fernández assumed the title “vasallo de Santa María y Señor de Albarracín”, independent of the suzerainty of either the king of Castile or the king of Aragon[804]. Zurita, writing in the late-16th century, records that Albarracín was granted by “[el] Rey Lobo, que fue unos de los mejores principes que huuo en la Morisma de España” to “Don Pedro Ruyz de Açagra, hijo de Don Rodrigo der Açagra...sin reconocer el Señorio de los Reyes de Aragon y Castilla” and that it was confirmed to him after the town´s reconquest by the king of Aragon, dated to 1170 from the context[805].

The charters quoted below indicate that the Azagra family was closely connected with García V King of Navarre from his restoration in 1134, and held the señoríos of Funes (east of Calahorra), Valtierra (north of Tudela), and maybe Estella (south-west of Pamplona). No document has yet been identified which conclusively shows members of the same family subscribing charters of the earlier king of Navarre, Alfonso I King of Aragon, which suggests that it had not been in favour with the Aragonese administration. In 1140, Rodrigo de Azagra was granted Zaragoza by Ramón Berenguer IV Comte de Barcelona, although he must have lost the town soon afterwards as it was recorded in the hands of another nobleman in 1141. It is possible that this grant was made during a brief period in which Rodrigo had quarrelled with King García and defected to Aragon. If this hypothesis is correct, the quarrel must have been short-lived as King García made further property grants to Rodrigo de Azagra in 1143. By 1152, the brothers Rodrigo and Gonzalo de Azagra were señores in Tudela. The family also maintained contact with the kings of Castile, as shown by the grant of Aradón by King Alfonso VII to Rodrigo de Azagra some time before 1155. These various documents demonstrate that the Azagra family maintained contact with all four competing power bases in the Iberian peninsula during the period from the 1130s to the 1160s, Navarrese, Aragonese/Catalonian, Castilian, and Muslim.

Reconstruction of the later generations of the Azagra family is based largely on information contained in documents which record the grant of privileges (“fueros”) to the town of Albarracín. Castán Esteban highlights that such freedoms, unusual at that time, were granted to towns throughout the repopulated areas in what became known as the extremadura aragonesa to assure the loyalty of the population in case of counter-attack by the Almohades[806]. In the case of Albarracín, the governing señor enjoyed a certain degree of autonomy from the Aragonese central government which, in contrast to the case of similar towns in the kingdom of Castile, did not appoint a corregidor to represent royal authority. On the other hand, the señor´s powers were restricted by the freedoms granted to the town under the fueros themselves. Albarracín´s special status in accordance with its fueros survived until 1598[807]. One difficulty is that copies of the earliest grants in Albarracín have not survived and details are only known through the quoted sections which appear in later charters. The extent to which these quotes represent only summaries of the early grants is not known.

Two brothers, parents not known. Gisbert suggests that they were sons of Lope García Señor en Estella, who was mayordomo of the king of Navarre in 1107 (identified as the son of García López Señor en Estella, Señor en Aiesa, who died after 1099, in the document NAVARRE NOBILITY)[808]. However, as noted above, it does not appear that the two brothers were in favour with the Aragonese administration of the kingdom of Navarre so it is unlikely that Rodrigo’s appointment to the señorío of Estella would have been in succession to his father. Three further points should be made. Firstly, the chronology suggests that García López Señor en Estella (first recorded with his wife in 1088) would have been too old to have been the father of Rodrigo and Gonzalo de Azagra. Secondly, holdings in the señoríos in Navarre changed frequently, with new grants predominating over hereditary succession. Thirdly, there appear from the early 12th century charters relating to the repopulation of the Ebro valley, published by Lacarra, to have been at least two if not three different noblemen named Lope García in Navarre during the period. In conclusion, it appears unlikely that Gisbert´s suggested parentage of these two brothers can be correct.

1. RODRIGO [Abarca] de Azagra (-after 12 Nov 1155). “Rodrigo de Azagra” donated annual payments to the Templars (recorded in a manuscript dated to [1135/42?])[809]. Señor en Funes: "...Rodric Auarca in Funes" subscribed the charter dated 1137 under which García V King of Navarre granted various churches to the church of Pamplona[810]. Señor en Valtierra: "...Rodrico Auarcha in Funes et Valterra" subscribed the charter dated 1139 under which King García V donated “ecclesiam de Ualterra et ecclesiam de Quatreita” to “dompno Lupo sacristano capellano meo”[811]. King García V granted "in Mont Acút illas duas hereditates quas fuerunt de istis duobus mauribus...de Múza Fortún et de ---" to “don Rodrico” (who subscribed as “Rodric Auarcha domnus istius carte in Funes et in Ualterra”) by charter dated 7 Jan 1139[812]. Señor de Zaragoza: the dating clause of a charter dated 2 Sep 1140 states "in anno quando comes Barchinonensis princeps Aragonensium dedit Zaracoza ad Rodric Auarcha et fuit illa desbarata de rege Garcia in Exeia"[813], although Rodrigo must have lost the town soon afterwards as the dating clause of a charter dated 26 Apr 1141 names “Lop Lopeç in...Çaragoça...”[814]. "...Rodric de Zafra in Ualterra et Gonzalo suo fratre in Funes..." subscribed the charter dated 2 Feb 1141 under which García V King of Navarre granted "Esterquel" to "Bonet" who donated it to the Templars[815]. Señor en Estella: “...Rodrigo de Azacra in Estela...” subscribed the charter dated 1143 under which King García V granted “illa hereditate de Murgan qui fuit de Caxal que teniebat Abolfazam” to [his brother] “don Gonzalbo de Azacra” in exchange for “axerico de Montacut et...de Tulobras”[816]. "Rodrigo de Azafra in Estela...Rodrigo Auarca in Funes et in Balterra..." subscribed the charter dated 1146 under which García V King of Navarre donated "almunia...Almázara" to the Templars[817]. It is assumed that "Rodrigo de Azafra in Estela” and “Rodrigo Auarca in Funes et in Balterra" were the same person (the charter dated 1143 quoted above indicates that Rodrigo de Azagra held Estella, while the other charters quoted above show that he was señor de Funes y Valtierra), but if this is correct it is unclear why there were two separate signatures. "Adefonsus imperator Hispanie…cum uxore mea imperatrice Berengaria filioque meo Sancio" granted property "meam hereditatem…Alcanadre" to "domno Roderico de Azagra" by charter dated 18 Aug 1147[818]. Señor en Tudela: the dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1152 names "Seniores in Tutela don Gonçaluo de Açagra et don Rodrigo suus germanus..."[819]. The dating clause of a charter dated 1155 names “...Rodrico de Açafra in Stella...”[820]. The dating clause of a charter dated Aug 1156 names “Seniores in Tutela don Rodrico de Azacra et don Gonzaluo frater suus...”[821]. "Don Rodericus de Azagra…cum uxore mea domna Tota" donated property "nostram villam Alcanadre" to the Order of the Temple by charter dated 12 Nov 1155[822]. Rodrigo had lost Funes and Valtierra by 1157, as the dating clause of a charter of Sancho IV King of Navarre dated Sep 1157 names “...Eneco de Rada in Aiuar et in Funes...Acenar de Rada in Ualterra...”[823]. "Don Rodericus de Azafra et uxore mea dona Tota et filiis et filiabus nostris" donated property "villa de Aradon" to the Order of the Temple by charter dated 1156, witnessed by "don Gonzaluo de Azagra…"[824]. This last donation is further explained by a charter dated to after 1157 which records that Alfonso VII King of Castile had granted "villa de Aradon" to "don Roderico de Azagra in hereditate", that he had fought for the castle, that King Sancho had then granted it to “Remir Garcez” but that King Alfonso had then confirmed the grant to Rodrigo who with “sua mulier dona Tota” had donated it to the Templars, the document concluding with a statement confirming the Templars’ right to the place[825]. m TODA, daughter of [LOPE García & his wife ---]. "Don Rodericus de Azagra…cum uxore mea domna Tota" donated property "nostram villam Alcanadre" to the Order of the Temple by charter dated 12 Nov 1155[826]. Her parentage is indicated by the undated document under which the sons of Rodrigo de Azagra donated property “que había tenido su abuelo Lope Garcés en Tarazona, Borja y Ejea de los Caballeros” to the Templars[827]. Rodrigo & his wife had [seven or more] children:

a) PEDRO Rodríguez de Azagra (-after 1206). A bull of Pope Alexander IV dated 1 Apr 1258, which promulgates the union of the churches of Segorbe and Albarracín, records that “quondam Petrus Roderici nobilitate sanguinis” had been granted “quædam castella” [indicating Albarracín] by “claræ memoriæ Lupo rege”[828]. Zurita records that Albarracín was granted by “[el] Rey Lobo, que fue unos de los mejores principes que huuo en la Morisma de España” to “Don Pedro Ruyz de Açagra, hijo de Don Rodrigo der Açagra...sin reconocer el Señorio de los Reyes de Aragon y Castilla” and that it was confirmed to him after the town´s reconquest by the king of Aragon, dated to 1170 from the context[829]. Alfonso VIII King of Castle granted "villam…Monterro" to "Martino Gundizalui" by charter dated 19 Dec 1178, witnessed by "…Petrus Roderici filius comitis, Petrus de Arazuri, Petrus Roderici de Azagra, Gomez Garsie…"[830]. Señor de Albarracín. m TODA Pérez de Arazuri, daughter of PEDRO de Arazuri & his wife ---. Salazar y Castro records her parentage and marriage[831]. Pedro & his wife had one child:

i) TODA Pérez (-16 Jan 1216). The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Diego Lopez" married secondly "D. Toda Perez, hija de D. Pedro Rodriguez de Azagra"[832]. The Annales Compostellani record the death “XVII Kal Feb” in 1216 of “Toda Perez uxor Didaci Lupi de Faro”[833]. m (1193) as his second wife, DIEGO López "el Bueno" Conde de Haro, Señor de Vizcaya, son of LOPE Díaz Conde de Haro, Señor de Vizcaya & his second wife Aldonza Rodríguez (-Burgos 16 Sep 1214).

b) MARTÍN Ruiz de Azagra . Zurita names “D. Garcia, D. Martin, D. Gonçalo, Don Rodrigo y Don Hernando” as the brothers of “Don Pedro Ruyz de Açagra”[834].

c) GONZALO Ruiz de Azagra . Zurita names “D. Garcia, D. Martin, D. Gonçalo, Don Rodrigo y Don Hernando” as the brothers of “Don Pedro Ruyz de Açagra”[835]. [“Dona Maria de Murieta uxor que fui domni Gonçalbi de Acecra” donated “unum maurum...Eiça Peitriel in Oblitas” to the church of Santa María de Tudela, “per mandatum dompni Goçalbi domni mei et consilio et voluntate et concessione filiorum et filiarum mearum”, by charter dated Sep 1158, confirmed by “Goçaluo Rodri, Lupus filius predicti Gonçalbi, Petrus filius predicti Gonçalbi”[836]. It is possible that the first subscriber “Goçaluo Rodri” was the son of Rodrigo de Azagra, although if that is correct it is unclear why he would have signed as his father´s third son.]

d) RODRIGO Ruiz de Azagra . Zurita names “D. Garcia, D. Martin, D. Gonçalo, Don Rodrigo y Don Hernando” as the brothers of “Don Pedro Ruyz de Açagra”[837].

e) FERNANDO Ruiz de Azagra (-1200). Zurita names “D. Garcia, D. Martin, D. Gonçalo, Don Rodrigo y Don Hernando” as the brothers of “Don Pedro Ruyz de Açagra”, adding that “Don Hernando” held “el Señorio de Calatayud y Daroca en honor” and was the father of “Don Pedro Fernandez de Açagra Señor de Albarrazin”[838]. Señor de Albarracín.

- see below.

f) daughters . "Don Rodericus de Azafra et uxore mea dona Tota et filiis et filiabus nostris" donated property "villa de Aradon" to the Order of the Temple by charter dated 1156, witnessed by "don Gonzaluo de Azagra…"[839].

2. GONZALO (-before May 1158). Señor en Funes: "...Rodric de Zafra in Ualterra et Gonzalo suo fratre in Funes..." subscribed the charter dated 2 Feb 1141 under which García V King of Navarre granted "Esterquel" to "Bonet" who donated it to the Templars[840]. King García V granted “illa hereditate de Murgan qui fuit de Caxal que teniebat Abolfazam” to “don Gonzalbo de Azacra” in exchange for “axerico de Montacut et...de Tulobras” by charter dated 1143[841]. “Gonzaluo d’Azafra” granted “mea hereditate d’Argetas” to “Iohannes Diaz”, receiving in exchange “hereditate de Murchan”, by charter dated Oct [1147][842]. Señor en Tudela: the dating clause of a charter dated Jan 1152 names "Seniores in Tutela don Gonçaluo de Açagra et don Rodrigo suus germanus..."[843]. "Don Rodericus de Azafra et uxore mea dona Tota et filiis et filiabus nostris" donated property "villa de Aradon" to the Order of the Temple by charter dated 1156, witnessed by "don Gonzaluo de Azagra…"[844]. The dating clause of a charter dated Aug 1156 names “Seniores in Tutela don Rodrico de Azacra et don Gonzaluo frater suus...”[845]. The dating clause of a charter of Sancho IV King of Navarre dated Sep 1157 names “...Gonzalbo de Azafra in Obblitas et in Monte Acuto...”[846]. The dating clause of a charter dated Apr 1158 names "Senior in Tutela don Gonçaluo de Açagra..."[847]. m MARIA de Morieta, daughter of --- (-[Apr 1172/Oct 1178]). Sancho IV King of Navarre granted “aisaricum in Obblitas...Eiza Petriel...et...illam vinea...quam plantavit don Gonzaluo” to “dompne Marie mulier de dompno Gonzaluo de Azafra et filiis ac filiabus uestris” by charter dated May 1158[848]. “Dona Maria de Murieta uxor que fui domni Gonçalbi de Acecra” donated “unum maurum...Eiça Peitriel in Oblitas” to the church of Santa María de Tudela, “per mandatum dompni Goçalbi domni mei et consilio et voluntate et concessione filiorum et filiarum mearum”, by charter dated Sep 1158, confirmed by “Goçaluo Rodri, Lupus filius predicti Gonçalbi, Petrus filius predicti Gonçalbi”[849]. "Dona Maria de Morieta uxor que fuit de don Gonzaluo de Azagra et filii mei Petrus et Rodricus et Martin Gonzaluez et Teresa filia mea" sold property to "Garcie de Arinzano" by charter dated Apr 1172[850]. Gonzalo & his wife had five children:

a) LOPE González . “Dona Maria de Murieta uxor que fui domni Gonçalbi de Acecra” donated “unum maurum...Eiça Peitriel in Oblitas” to the church of Santa María de Tudela, “per mandatum dompni Goçalbi domni mei et consilio et voluntate et concessione filiorum et filiarum mearum”, by charter dated Sep 1158, confirmed by “Goçaluo Rodri, Lupus filius predicti Gonçalbi, Petrus filius predicti Gonçalbi”[851].

b) PEDRO González . "Dona Maria de Morieta uxor que fuit de don Gonzaluo de Azagra et filii mei Petrus et Rodricus et Martin Gonzaluez et Teresa filia mea" sold property to "Garcie de Arinzano" by charter dated Apr 1172[852]. “Dona Maria de Murieta uxor que fui domni Gonçalbi de Acecra” donated “unum maurum...Eiça Peitriel in Oblitas” to the church of Santa María de Tudela, “per mandatum dompni Goçalbi domni mei et consilio et voluntate et concessione filiorum et filiarum mearum”, by charter dated Sep 1158, confirmed by “Goçaluo Rodri, Lupus filius predicti Gonçalbi, Petrus filius predicti Gonçalbi”[853].

c) RODRIGO González . "Dona Maria de Morieta uxor que fuit de don Gonzaluo de Azagra et filii mei Petrus et Rodricus et Martin Gonzaluez et Teresa filia mea" sold property to "Garcie de Arinzano" by charter dated Apr 1172[854].

d) MARTÍN González . "Dona Maria de Morieta uxor que fuit de don Gonzaluo de Azagra et filii mei Petrus et Rodricus et Martin Gonzaluez et Teresa filia mea" sold property to "Garcie de Arinzano" by charter dated Apr 1172[855].

e) TERESA González . "Dona Maria de Morieta uxor que fuit de don Gonzaluo de Azagra et filii mei Petrus et Rodricus et Martin Gonzaluez et Teresa filia mea" sold property to "Garcie de Arinzano" by charter dated Apr 1172[856].

FERNANDO Ruiz de Azagra, son of RODRIGO de Azagra & his wife Toda --- (-1200). Zurita names “D. Garcia, D. Martin, D. Gonçalo, Don Rodrigo y Don Hernando” as the brothers of “Don Pedro Ruyz de Açagra”, adding that “Don Hernando” held “el Señorio de Calatayud y Daroca en honor” and was the father of “Don Pedro Fernandez de Açagra Señor de Albarrazin”[857]. Señor de Albarracín. The testament of "Fernando Ruiz de Azagra famulus Sanctæ Mariæ et señor de Albarracín" was dated 23 Jul 1193 at Santa María de Calatayud[858]. The testament of "Ferrandus Roderici de Azagra dominus Sanctæ Mariæ Varrachinensis", dated 23 Jul 1193, names "filium meum Petrum Ferrandez quæ habeo de uxore mea doña Tharasia Ioannis"[859].

m (before Jun 1191) TERESA Yáñez, daughter of [JUAN Vélaz Señor en Álava, Oñate y Guevara & his wife ---] (-after 11 Jan 1224). The testament of "Ferrandus Roderici de Azagra dominus Sanctæ Mariæ Varrachinensis", dated 23 Jul 1193, names "filium meum Petrum Ferrandez quæ habeo de uxore mea doña Tharasia Ioannis"[860]. Salazar y Castro records her possible parentage and marriage[861].

Fernando & his wife had two children:

1. PEDRO Fernández de Azagra (1192-after 2 Apr 1241). Zurita names “D. Garcia, D. Martin, D. Gonçalo, Don Rodrigo y Don Hernando” as the brothers of “Don Pedro Ruyz de Açagra”, adding that “Don Hernando” held “el Señorio de Calatayud y Daroca en honor” and was the father of “Don Pedro Fernandez de Açagra Señor de Albarrazin”[862]. The testament of "Ferrandus Roderici de Azagra dominus Sanctæ Mariæ Varrachinensis", dated 23 Jul 1193, names "filium meum Petrum Ferrandez quæ habeo de uxore mea doña Tharasia Ioannis"[863]. Salazar y Castro records his parentage and date of birth[864]. Señor de Albarracín. “Dominus P. Ferrandi dominus civitatis Sanctæ Mariæ” donated vines to the church of Segorbe by charter dated 1223[865]. m ELSA Ortiz, daughter of GARCÍA Ortiz & his wife ---. Salazar y Castro records her parentage and marriage[866]. Pedro & his wife had four children:

a) ÁLVARO Pérez de Azagra (-before 8 Jul 1260). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 15 Jul 1243 under which "D. Albar Periz" donated the pueblo of Santa Olalla to "mi muger doña Ignes filla del rey de Navarra", confirmed by "D. Pedro Ferrandez Dazagra vasaillo de Sancta Maria é seinnor de Albarracin"[867]. Señor de Albarracín. “D. Remir Gonzalez alcayat en Sancta Maria” exchanged property, granted to him by “D. Alvar Perez de Açagra mi señor”, with the bishop of Segorbe by charter dated 30 Jan 1255[868]. Betrothed (contract Mar 1237) ELIDA de Navarra, illegitimate daughter of TEOBALDO I King of Navarre, Comte de Champagne & his mistress --- (-[1242]). The marriage contract of "Petrus Ferrandus dominus civitatis S. Mariæ de Alvarracin…filium meum Alvar Petriz" (substituting "secundum filium meum Petrum Ferrandi…tertium filium meum…Garciam Ortiz") and "domino Th…Navarræ, Campaniæ et Briæ comite palatino…Ælidis filiæ eiusdem…regis Navarræ" is dated Mar 1237[869]. m (before 15 Jul 1243) INÉS de Navarra, illegitimate daughter of TEOBALDO I King of Navarre, Comte de Champagne & his mistress ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 15 Jul 1243 under which "D. Alvar Periz" donated the pueblo of Santa Olalla to "mi muger doña Ignis filla del rey de Navarra", confirmed by "D. Pedro Ferrandez Dazagra vasaillo de Sancta Maria é seinnor de Albarracin"[870]. Álvaro & his wife had two children:

i) TERESA Álvarez de Azagra ([1243/45]-[1300 or after]). The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Juan Nuñez el Gordo" married "D. Teresa Alvarez", without specifying her parentage, and that they were parents of "D. Alvaro Nuñez, D. Juan Nuñez, D. Nuño Gonçalez. D. Juana Nuñez la Palomilla, D. Teresa Nuñez"[871]. Señora de Albarracín. A charter dated 1391 relating to Albarracín quotes an earlier charter “privilegio et carta de Doña Teresa Alvarez” dated 8 Jul 1260 (“A. D. 1260” and “la era 1298”, both quoted in the document) under which “doña Teresa Alvarez de Azagra vasalla de Sancta Maria et Señora de Albarracin” confirmed privileges to Albarracín granted by “mi abuelo don Pero Fernandez et mi padre don Alvaro...Perez”, confirmed that neither she nor “mi marido don Juan Nuñez” would interfere with those privileges, and also named as her heir if she died childless “doña Elsa mi hermana” and, if Elsa died childless, “mi tio don Garcia Ortiz” and failing him “don Gonçalo Fernandez mi tio”[872]. The wording of the document suggests that it was dated soon after Teresa´s marriage and soon after her father´s death. The subsequent career of Teresa Álvarez and the date of her death are unclear and have not been corroborated by contemporary primary source documentation. In particular, the following quotes from Zurita (writing in [1560/80] and who does not cite his primary sources) directly contradict the existence of Teresa Díaz de Haro as the apparent second wife of Juan Núñez, as reported by Ayala (see below). Zurita names “Don Iuan Nuñez de Lara y Don Iuan Nuñez y Don Nuño Gonçalez sus hijos, y de Doña Theresa Aluarez de Açagra, Don Alvar Nuñez...” among those who did not support Infante Sancho´s opposition to King Alfonso X in 1283[873]. The passage does not specify that “Don Alvar” was also one of the sons of “Don Iuan Nuñez de Lara”. The placing of his name after that of Teresa Álvarez suggests that he was recorded in some way as her representative. It is unclear whether this means that Teresa was still alive at that date or whether Álvaro was by then her successor, presumably in Albarracín. Zurita records in 1284 that “Don Iuan Nuñez de Lara...de los mas poderosos y grandes Señores de Castilla” made war in Aragon with the help of the king of France from “Albarrazin, que era de Doña Theresa Aluarez de Açagra su muger...hija de D. Aluar Perez de Açagra”[874]. This passage does not help either in determining whether Teresa was still alive at that date. Zurita records that “Don Juan...hizo reconocimiento en nombre de Doña Teresa Aluarez su madre y de Doña Juana y Doña Teresa Aluarez sus hermanas” that “el castillo y villa de Albarrazin” was under “jurisdiccion del Reyno de Aragon” in 1298 and that he was granted Albarracín “en su nombre, y de su madre, y hermanas”[875]. The wording of these two passages suggests that Teresa was still alive at that date, and also indicates that she was the mother of all Juan´s children, but as discussed further in the document CASTILE & LEON NOBILITY (1) this conclusion is directly contradicted by two chronicles of Ayala which record Teresa Díaz de Haro as the wife of Juan Núñez and mother of his daughter Juana. Lastly, Zurita records that Jaime II King of Aragon forced “D. Iuan Nuñez de Lara” to return “Albarrazin...y el castillo de Rodenas” to him in 1300 after declaring that “Don Iuan Nuñez y Doña Teresa Aluarez de Açagra su madre y sus hermanas” had forfeited their rights[876]. Salazar y Castro states that “Doña Teresa Alvarez” was still living in 1300 but, as he cites no primary source, it is not known whether this statement is based on a source other than Zurita´s report[877]. m (before 8 Jul 1260) [as his first wife,] JUAN Núñez de Lara, son of NUÑO González de Lara "el Bueno" & his wife Teresa Alfonso (-early 1294). Estepa Díaz observes that Juan Núñez was named as señor de Albarracín from 1263[878].

ii) ELSA Álvarez de Azagra . A charter dated 1391 relating to Albarracín quotes an earlier charter “privilegio et carta de Doña Teresa Alvarez” dated 8 Jul 1260 under which “doña Teresa Alvarez de Azagra vasalla de Sancta Maria et Señora de Albarracin” confirmed privileges to Albarracín and named as her heir if she died childless “doña Elsa mi hermana” and, if Elsa died childless, “mi tio don Garcia Ortiz” and failing him “don Gonçalo Fernandez mi tio”[879]. Zurita records that King Jaime I arranged the marriage in his lifetime of “D. Iayme Señor de Exerica” and “Doña Elisa hija de Don Aluar Perez de Açagra señor de Albarrazin”[880]. m ([1276]) JAIME Fernández de Aragón Baron de Ejérica, son of JAIME I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon & his third wife Teresa Gil de Vidaure ([1255/60]-1285).

b) PEDRO Pérez [Fernández] de Azagra (-after Mar 1237). The marriage contract of "Petrus Ferrandus dominus civitatis S. Mariæ de Alvarracin…filium meum Alvar Petriz" (substituting "secundum filium meum Petrum Ferrandi…tertium filium meum…Garciam Ortiz") and "domino Th…Navarræ, Campaniæ et Briæ comite palatino…Ælidis filiæ eiusdem…regis Navarræ" is dated Mar 1237[881].

c) GARCÍA Pérez [Ortiz] de Azagra (-killed in battle Luxen 1276). The marriage contract of "Petrus Ferrandus dominus civitatis S. Mariæ de Alvarracin…filium meum Alvar Petriz" (substituting "secundum filium meum Petrum Ferrandi…tertium filium meum…Garciam Ortiz") and "domino Th…Navarræ, Campaniæ et Briæ comite palatino…Ælidis filiæ eiusdem…regis Navarræ" is dated Mar 1237[882]. A charter dated 1391 relating to Albarracín quotes an earlier charter “privilegio et carta de Doña Teresa Alvarez” dated 8 Jul 1260 under which “doña Teresa Alvarez de Azagra vasalla de Sancta Maria et Señora de Albarracin” confirmed privileges to Albarracín and named as her heir if she died childless “doña Elsa mi hermana” and, if Elsa died childless, “mi tio don Garcia Ortiz” and failing him “don Gonçalo Fernandez mi tio”[883]. Zurita records “Don Garcia Ortiz de Açagra” among those killed in battle “a Luxen” in 1276[884]. m ([10 Jul 1266]) LEONOR de Estada, daughter of --- & his wife Toda ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 10 Jul 1266 under which "dopna Tota de Estada", with the consent of "dopne Orie de Estada filie mee", granted "castrum et villam de Secastella, castrum et villam de Podio de Cinca, castrum et villam de Troncedo…" and other properties to "dopne Leonori filie mee" on her marriage to "dopno Garsia Ortiç de Azagra"[885].

d) SANCHA Pérez de Azagra (-after Jul 1242). The Master of Santiago granted Villarubia, Biezma and Villandín to "dona Sancha Perez de Azagra et a vuestra fija donna Milia Lopez" by charter dated Jul 1242[886]. m LOPE ---, son of ---.

2. GARCÍA Fernández (-after 8 Jul 1260). A charter dated 1391 relating to Albarracín quotes an earlier charter “privilegio et carta de Doña Teresa Alvarez” dated 8 Jul 1260 under which “doña Teresa Alvarez de Azagra vasalla de Sancta Maria et Señora de Albarracin” confirmed privileges to Albarracín and named as her heir if she died childless “doña Elsa mi hermana” and, if Elsa died childless, “mi tio don Garcia Ortiz” and failing him “don Gonçalo Fernandez mi tio”[887].

C. LUNA

1. BOCALLA . Zurita records that “Luna” was populated during the reign of King Sancho I who granted “el señorío de Luna a D. Bachalla segun parece en memorias antiguas”, dated to 1091 from the context, and that the Luna families called “Ferrenches y Artales” descended from him[888]. Zurita names “Don Ferriz de Liçana, D. Bachalla, Don Garcia de Atrofillo, Don Lope Ferrench de Luna y Don Gomez de Luna” among those who fought at Zaragoza with King Pedro I in 1096[889].

2. LOPE Ferrench de Luna (-Huesca 1136). Zurita names “Don Ferriz de Liçana, D. Bachalla, Don Garcia de Atrofillo, Don Lope Ferrench de Luna y Don Gomez de Luna” among those who fought at Zaragoza with King Pedro I in 1096[890]. Palacios Sánchez names “Don Lope Ferrench de Luna” as the oldest of the three sons of “Don Bocalla de Luna”, adding that he was ancestor of “los señores y condes de Luna de Aragón”[891]. Zurita names “Lope Ferrench de Luna, Ruy Ximeney de Luna, Pedro Martinez de Luna, Fernando y Gomez de Luna…” among the nobles of Ramiro King of Aragon who were killed at Huesca in 1136[892].

3. GÓMEZ de Luna (-killed in battle Fraga, Aragon 17 Jul 1134). Zurita names “Don Ferriz de Liçana, D. Bachalla, Don Garcia de Atrofillo, Don Lope Ferrench de Luna y Don Gomez de Luna” among those who fought at Zaragoza with King Pedro I in 1096[893]. Zurita names “Don Gomez de Luna” among those killed at the battle of Fraga[894].

4. LÓPEZ de Luna . Palacios Sánchez names “López de Luna” as the third of the three sons of “Don Bocalla de Luna”, adding that he was ancestor of “los López de Luna de Aragón”[895].

5. RODRIGO Jiménez de Luna (-Huesca 1136). Zurita names “Lope Ferrench de Luna, Ruy Ximeney de Luna, Pedro Martinez de Luna, Fernando y Gomez de Luna…” among the nobles of Ramiro King of Aragon who were killed at Huesca in 1136[896].

6. FERNANDO de Luna (-Huesca 1136). Zurita names “Lope Ferrench de Luna, Ruy Ximeney de Luna, Pedro Martinez de Luna, Fernando y Gomez de Luna…” among the nobles of Ramiro King of Aragon who were killed at Huesca in 1136[897].

7. GÓMEZ de Luna (-Huesca 1136). Zurita names “Lope Ferrench de Luna, Ruy Ximeney de Luna, Pedro Martinez de Luna, Fernando y Gomez de Luna…” among the nobles of Ramiro King of Aragon who were killed at Huesca in 1136[898].

8. ALAMAN de Luna . m AMABILIA, daughter of --- (-after 4 Aug 1171). “Dompna Amabilia, mulier de Alaman de Luna, et filius eius Exemeno” sold “unum campum…in Pindel” to the Templars at Huesca by charter dated 4 Aug 1171, naming “fideiussores de salvetat…Iohannes Fortonnons d’Avain, volente hoc et concedente filio suo Petro Iohannis, et Petrus Eximino de Luna”[899]. The guarantors have not otherwise been identified. Alaman & his wife had one child:

a) JIMENO de Luna (-after 4 Aug 1171). “Dompna Amabilia, mulier de Alaman de Luna, et filius eius Exemeno” sold “unum campum…in Pindel” to the Templars at Huesca by charter dated 4 Aug 1171[900]. “Don Ezemen de Luna” donated himself “de vita et de morte, corpus et anima…cum meo cavallo et meas armas de fust et de ferro…”, dated to [1171][901].

Three siblings:

1. ARTAL [I] de Luna (-after 7 Mar 1281). Zurita records the fine and confiscation of property imposed by the king of Aragon on “Don Artal de Luna” dated 12 Mar 1272[902]. Zurita names “D. Artal de Luna y Don Lope Ferrench de Luna su hermano” among those present at a meeting between the kings of Aragon and Castile 7 Mar 1281[903]. m ---. The name of Artal´s wife is not known. Artal & his wife had one child:

a) URRACA Artal de Luna . Zurita names “Don Artal de Luna” and “Don Pedro Cornel...su yerno”[904]. Zurita records that “Doña Violante de Pallas, hermana de la Condesa Doña Sibilia” married “Don Ximeno Cornel hijo de D. Pedro Cornel y de D. Urraca Artal de Luna”, and names their son “Don Thomas Cornel” and his descendants, in 1297[905]. m PEDRO Cornel, son of ---.

2. LOPE Ferrench de Luna (-after Aug 1300). Zurita names “D. Artal de Luna y Don Lope Ferrench de Luna su hermano” among those present at a meeting between the kings of Aragon and Castile 7 Mar 1281[906]. Governor of Aragon. Zurita names “Don Ximeno de Luna Obispo de Zaragoça, hermano de Don Pedro de Martinez y de D. Iuan Martinez de Luna, que fueron hijos de D. Pedro Martinez de Luna el viejo...D. Lope Ferrench de Luna Governador de Aragon...Don Pedro Martinez de Luna...” as present “en la iglesia de San Salvador” with Jaime II King of Aragon in Aug 1300[907]. m ---. The name of Lope´s wife is not known. Lope & his wife had two children:

a) ARTAL [II] de Luna (-Sardinia [1323]). Zurita names “Artal de Luna hijo de Don Lope Ferrench de Luna” in 1283[908]. Señor de Luna. Procurador general of Aragon 1305-1312. Zurita names “ricoshombres...don Artal de Luna y Artal de Luna su hijo...” among the leading nobles in Aragon in 1323[909]. Zurita records the deaths “en la guerra passada de la conquista de Cerdeña” of “don Artal de Luna y don Artal su hijo”[910]. m firstly (Mar 1299) CONSTANZA de Aragón Señora de Segorbe, daughter of JAIME de Aragón Senor de Segorbe & his wife Sancha Fernández. Zurita records the marriage in Mar 1299 of “Artal de Luna hijo de Don Lope” and “D. Jayme Perez señor de Segorbe y Doña Sancha Fernandez Diaz su muger...Doña Costança hija”[911]. m secondly MARTINA Duerte, daughter of ---. Zurita names “doña Martina Duerta” as second wife of “don Artal de Luna”[912]. Artal [II] & his first wife had three children:

i) ARTAL [III] de Luna (-Sardinia [1323]). Zurita names “ricoshombres...don Artal de Luna y Artal de Luna su hijo...” among the leading nobles in Aragon in 1323[913]. Señor de Segorbe. Zurita records the deaths “en la guerra passada de la conquista de Cerdeña” of “don Artal de Luna y don Artal su hijo”, noting that “por la muerte del hijo, el señorio de la ciudad de Segorbe, avia recaido en la Corona Real, que fue de doña Constança su madre hija y heredera de don Iayme Perez señor de Segorbe, hijo del Rey don Pedro”[914].

ii) CONSTANZA (Constança) de Luna ([1310]-Jan 1353). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by Zurita who records the marriage in 1350 of “don Bernaldino hijo de don Bernardo Cabrera” and [her daughter] “doña Margarita de Fox hija del Vizconde de Castalbo...sobrina del Conde de Luna hija de doña Costança de Luna su hermana que fue hija de don Artal de Luna y de doña Costança Perez su muger hija de don Jayme Perez hijo del Rey don Pedro”[915]. Señora de Segorbe/Sogorb {Alto Palancia, Castellón}, Paterna {Horte Oest, Valencia}, La Puebla [de Vallbona], El Alton Mijares {Castellón}. Her husband Roger Bernard [III] in his testament dated 24 Mar 1350 names his wife "nobili Constanciae uxori nostrae"[916]. She was regent of the vizcondad de Castelbón from 1350 to her death. The widowed Constanza granted the property which she had received under her marriage contract to her son by document dated 22 Sep 1351[917]. He refused the grant, but Hugo vizconde de Cardona issued a referee's decision in favour of Constanza by document dated 8 Nov 1351[918]. Her death date is ascertained from letters dated 17 Jan 1353 under which Pedro IV King of Aragon noted that "nobilem quondam Constanciam de Luna vicecomitissam CastriBoni, matrem et tutricem legitimam nobilis et dilecti nostri Rogerii Bernardi de Fuxio vicecomitis Castriboni" had died[919]. m ROGER BERNARD [IV] de Foix Vizconde de Castelbón/Castellbò, son of GASTON [I] Comte de Foix & his wife ([1210]-Orthez {Pyrenées-Atlantiques} 1350).

iii) MARÍA Fernández de Luna (-[1347]). Zurita notes that “don Juan Alonso de Haro Señor de los Cameros”, killed in the orders of the king of Castile, had been married to “doña Maria Fernandez de Luna su sobrina, hija de don Artal de Luna su hermano [referring to Arçebispo don Pedro de Luna] y de doña Costança Perez hija de don Jayme Perez Señor de Segorbe y de doña Sancha Fernandez Diaz su muger”[920]. m firstly JUAN Alfonso de Haro, Señor de Cameros, son of JUAN Alfonso de Haro, Señor de los Cameros & his wife Constanza Alfonso de Meneses (-beheaded Logroño 1333). m secondly (Gibraleón 24 May 1340) as his second wife, JUAN Alfonso de la Cerda Señor de Gibraleón, Huelva, Real de Manzanares y Deza, son of ALFONSO de la Cerda de Castilla Señor de Alba, Bejar y Gibraleón, Seigneur de Lunel & his wife Mathilde de Brienne-Eu (in France [1295]-7 Aug 1347).

Artal [II] & his second wife had one child:

iv) LOPE de Luna (-Pedrola 19 Jun 1360). Señor de Segorbe. Zurita records that the king of Aragon granted “el señorio de Segorbe” to “don Lope de Luna hijo de don Artal y de doña Martina Duerta”[921]. Zurita records the contract of marriage between “don Lope de Luna hijo de don Artal de Luna” and “una hija del Iuez de Arborea”, dated from the context to [1327/28], but notes that the marriage did not take place[922]. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner names "le noble En Llop de Luna" among those present at the coronation of Alfonso IV King of Aragon (in 1328)[923]. Conde de Luna: Zurita records that the king of Aragon granted the title “Conde de Luna” to “don Lope de Luna” 22 Sep 1348[924]. Zurita records the death in 1361 of “don Lope de Luna” and his burial in the “monasterio de Veruela”[925]. Betrothed (1328) to --- di Arborea, daughter of ---. Zurita records the marriage contract agreed 1328 between “una hija del Juez de Arborea” and “don Lope de Luna hijo de don Artal de Luna”, which did not proceed[926]. m firstly (Lérida Jul 1339) as her second husband, Infanta doña VIOLANTE de Aragón, widow of PHILIPPE di Tarento Despot of Romania [Sicily-Anjou], daughter of JAIME II King of Aragon & his second wife Bianca di Sicilia [Anjou] (Barcelona [10/13?] Oct 1310-Pedrola after 19 Jul 1353). Zurita records that “don Lope de Luna hijo de don Artal y de doña Martina Duerta” married “la Infanta doña Violante hermana del Rey don Alonso”[927]. Zurita records the death in 1353 of “la Infanta doña Violante”[928]. m secondly (after 1353) BRIANDE d’Agoult, daughter of FOULQUES d’Agoult Baron de Sault & his wife Alix de Baux-Avellino. Zurita records that “don Lope de Luna” married secondly “doña Brianda de Agaout...natural de la Proença y hija del Conde Beltran de Agaout sobrino de Papa Clemente Quinto”[929]. Europäische Stammtafeln shows Briande as the daughter of Foulques d’Agoult Baron de Sault[930]. If that is correct, her relationship with Pope Clement V, reported in general terms by Zurita, appears to have been through her mother Alix de Baux, whose aunt Cécile de Baux married Raymond de Budos (see the document SOUTHERN ITALY (2)), while one of the Pope’s sisters married another Raymond de Budos (see GASCONY-BORDEAUX & NORTH-EASTERN GASCONY) maybe the son of the older Raymond. The precise relationships of the Budos family have not been studied. Lope & his first wife had one child:

(a) VIOLANTE de Luna . Zurita records “doña Violante de Luna hija de don Lope de Luna...su prima hermana, hija de la Infanta doña Violante su tia” and “doña Maria Cornel hija de don Tomas Cornel” as hostages of the king in 1348 to persuade their fathers to support the war effort[931].

Lope & his second wife had two children:

(b) MARÍA de Luna (-Villareal 29 Dec 1406). Zurita names “doña Maria de Luna que sucedió en el Estado” as older of the two daughters of “don Lope de Luna” by his second wife, noting that María married “el Infante don Martin”[932]. Zurita records the couple’s marriage in Jun 1372 at Barcelona[933]. On her husband's accession, she assumed power in Barcelona as Regent because of his absence in Sicily. Even after her husband's return, she continued politically active. Martin I King of Aragon notified the death “en Villareal...huy dimecres, data de la present” for the death of “la reyna dona Maria, muller nostra” by charter dated 29 Dec 1406[934]. Zurita records the death 29 Dec 1406 in Villareal, near Valencia, of “la Reyna doña Maria muger del Rey don Martin” and her burial “al monasterio de Poblete”[935]. m (Barcelona 13 Jun 1372) as his first wife, Infante don MARTÍN de Aragón Conde de Besalú, son of PEDRO IV "el Ceremonioso" King of Aragon & his third wife Eleonora di Sicilia (Gerona 1356-Barcelona 31 May 1410). Created Duque de Montblanc by his brother. He succeeded his brother in 1396 as MARTÍN I "el Humano" King of Aragon.

(c) BRIANDA de Luna . Zurita names “doña Brianda de Luna que casó en la casa de Urrea y despues con don Luys Cornel Señor de Alfarajin” as younger of the two daughters of “don Lope de Luna” by his second wife[936]. Zurita in an earlier passage records that “don Luys Cornel” married “doña Brianda de Luna, hija del Conde don Lope de Luna, con quien tenia el mismo parentesco que con doña Blanca [de Fox, sobrina del Conde de Luna], por parte de doña Urraca Artar de Luna que fue madre de don Ximeno Cornel y abuela de don Luys, que fue hermana de don Lope Ferrench de Lima abuelo del Conde don Lope”[937]. Zurita records that “doña Brianda de Luna...” wished to separate from “don Lope Ximenez de Urrea” after four years of marriage, marrying her second husband despite an ecclesiastical decision refusing the separation[938]. m firstly LOPE Jiménez de Urrea, son of ---. m secondly LUIS Cornel, son of JIMENO Cornel & his wife Beatriz de Cardona.

Lope had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

(d) FERNANDO López de Luna (-after 1410). Zurita names “don Fernan Lopez de Luna” as illegitimate son of “don Lope de Luna”, adding that he and his wife were ancestors of “los Señores de Ricla y Villafeliz”[939]. Zurita names “...don Antonio de Luna y don Juan Martinez de Luna...don Fernan Lopez de Luna tio del Rey de Sicilia...” among those accompanying Infante don Martín “el Duque de Monblanc” to the kingdom of Sicily in 1392[940]. Zurita records that, after the death of King Martín in 1410, the kingdom was divided by two factions led by “don Pedro Ximenez de Urrea y...don Antonio de Luna”, with “don Artal de Alagon” (despite being “muy cercano pariente de don Pedro de Urrea”) supporting “don Antonio por ser casado con doña Marquesa de Luna su hermana” together with “...don Fernan Lopez de Luna y don Juan su hijo...”[941]. m EMILIA Ruiz de Azagra Señora de Villafeliz, daughter of ---. Zurita records that “don Fernan Lopez de Luna” married “doña Emilia Royz de Açagra Señora de Villafeliz”[942]. Her relationship with the Azagra family, shown above in the present document, has not been traced. Fernando & his wife had two children:

(1) JUAN de Luna . His existence is confirmed by Zurita who, in the extract quoted below, records that his parents had “un hijo secundo”[943]. He was presumably ancestor of “los Señores de Ricla y Villafeliz”, referred to by Zurita as noted above. Zurita records that, after the death of King Martín in 1410, the kingdom was divided by two factions led by “don Pedro Ximenez de Urrea y...don Antonio de Luna”, with “don Artal de Alagon” (despite being “muy cercano pariente de don Pedro de Urrea”) supporting “don Antonio por ser casado con doña Marquesa de Luna su hermana” together with “...don Fernan Lopez de Luna y don Juan su hijo...”[944]. .

(2) ARTAL de Luna . Zurita records that “don Fernan Lopez de Luna” and his wife had “un hijo secundo...don Artal de Luna”[945]. m MARGARITA de Peralta, daughter of NICOLAS Conde di Peralta & his wife ---. Zurita records that “don Artal de Luna” married “en Sicilia con doña Margarita hija del Conde don Nicolas de Peralta, que tenia un gran estado en aquel reyno”, from whom descended “los Condes de Calatabelota”[946].

b) PEDRO de Luna (-1345). Archbishop of Zaragoza. His parentage is confirmed by Zurita who notes that “don Juan Alonso de Haro Señor de los Cameros”, killed in the orders of the king of Castile, had been married to “doña Maria Fernandez de Luna su sobrina, hija de don Artal de Luna su hermano [referring to Arçebispo don Pedro de Luna] y de doña Costança Perez hija de don Jayme Perez Señor de Segorbe y de doña Sancha Fernandez Diaz su muger”[947]. Zurita notes that the “Arçobispo de Zaragoça” was “tio de don Lope”, referring to “don Lope de Luna” second husband of “la Infanta doña Violante tia del Rey” (see above)[948].

3. URRACA Artar de Luna . Her family origin and marriage are confirmed by Zurita who records that “don Luys Cornel” married “doña Brianda de Luna, hija del Conde don Lope de Luna, con quien tenia el mismo parentesco que con doña Blanca, por parte de doña Urraca Artar de Luna que fue madre de don Ximeno Cornel y abuela de don Luys, que fue hermana de don Lope Ferrench de Lima abuelo del Conde don Lope”[949]. m --- Cornel, son of ---.

1. RUY Jiménez de Luna (-after 1291). Zurita names “Don Ruy Ximenez de Luna Comendador de Montaluan, y Ruy Ximenez y Ximeno de Luna sus hijos” in 1291[950]. m ---. The name of Ruy´s wife is not known. Ruy & his wife had two children:

a) RUY Jiménez de Luna . Zurita names “Don Ruy Ximenez de Luna Comendador de Montaluan, y Ruy Ximenez y Ximeno de Luna sus hijos” in 1291[951].

b) JIMENO de Luna . Zurita names “Don Ruy Ximenez de Luna Comendador de Montaluan, y Ruy Ximenez y Ximeno de Luna sus hijos” in 1291[952].

1. LOPE Jiménez de Luna . Zurita names “ricoshombres...Lopez Ximenez de Luna, Lope Fernandez de Luna señor de Lurcenich...Fernando de Luna...Diego Lopez de Luna...” among the leading nobles in Aragon in 1323[953].

2. LOPE Fernandez de Luna . Zurita names “ricoshombres...Lopez Ximenez de Luna, Lope Fernandez de Luna señor de Lurcenich...Fernando de Luna...Diego Lopez de Luna...” among the leading nobles in Aragon in 1323[954].

3. FERNANDO de Luna . Zurita names “ricoshombres...Lopez Ximenez de Luna, Lope Fernandez de Luna señor de Lurcenich...Fernando de Luna...Diego Lopez de Luna...” among the leading nobles in Aragon in 1323[955].

4. DIEGO López de Luna . Zurita names “ricoshombres...Lopez Ximenez de Luna, Lope Fernandez de Luna señor de Lurcenich...Fernando de Luna...Diego Lopez de Luna...” among the leading nobles in Aragon in 1323[956].

5. FERNANDO López de Luna . Ricohombre de Aragón. m BLANCA de Ayerbe, daughter of PEDRO de Aragón Señor de Ayerbe & his wife Aldonza de Cervera ([1290?]-).

1. MARTÍN de Luna . Palacios Sánchez names “Don Martín de Luna” as the second of the three sons of “Don Bocalla de Luna”, adding that he was ancestor of “la rama de los Martínez de Luna, de los condes de Morata y de la illustre casa del condestable de Castilla Don Alvaro de Luna”[957].

2. PEDRO Martínez de Luna (-Huesca 1136). Zurita names “Lope Ferrench de Luna, Ruy Ximeney de Luna, Pedro Martinez de Luna, Fernando y Gomez de Luna…” among the nobles of Ramiro King of Aragon who were killed at Huesca in 1136[958].

1. PEDRO Martínez de Luna “el Viejo” (-after 1253). Zurita names “...Pedro Martinez de Luna…” among the nobles who accompanied Jaime I King of Aragon to Morella in 1250, during the disputes between the king and his oldest son Infante don Alfonso[959]. Otal y Valonga records “Pedro Martinez de Luna” among those named in the 1253 agreement between King Jaime I and Margarita Queen of Navarre[960]. He is named “D. Pedro Martinez de Luna el viejo” by Zurita in the extract quoted below which names his sons. Considering the suggested date of death of his son Pedro, it is likely that Pedro Martínez de Luna “el Viejo” lived many years after 1253. m ---. The name of Pedro´s wife is not known. Pedro & his wife had three children:

a) PEDRO Martínez de Luna (-[1326]). Zurita names “Don Ximeno de Luna Obispo de Zaragoça, hermano de Don Pedro de Martinez y de D. Iuan Martinez de Luna, que fueron hijos de D. Pedro Martinez de Luna el viejo...D. Lope Ferrench de Luna Governador de Aragon...Don Pedro Martinez de Luna...” as present “en la iglesia de San Salvador” with Jaime II King of Aragon in Aug 1300[961]. Otal y Valonga notes the death of Pedro Martínez de Luna “1326” in his genealogical table[962]. m VIOLANTE de Alagón, daughter of ---. Her marriage and family origin are confirmed by Zurita who records that “Don Thomas Cornel”, son of “Doña Violante de Pallas, hermana de la Condesa Doña Sibilia” and “Don Ximeno Cornel hijo de D. Pedro Cornel y de D. Urraca Artal de Luna”, married “Doña Maria de Luna, hija de Don Pedro Martinez de Luna y de Doña Violante de Alagon”[963]. According to Otal y Valonga “doña Violante de Alagón, hermana de don Artal VI Señor de Santiago” was wife of “Pedro Martínez de Luna el viejo”, the couple being parents of María de Luna (wife of Thomas Cornel) shown below[964]. While insufficient data has been found concerning the Alagón and Cornel families to test the chronology of this statement, the naming of Thomas Cornel’s daughter as a hostage in 1348 (see below) suggests that Violante’s husband was more likely the son of Pedro Martínez “el Viejo”. Pedro & his wife had children:

i) PEDRO Martínez de Luna y Alagón (-[before 1343]). Zurita names “ricoshombres...don Pedro de Luna y Alamau de Luna hijos de don Pedro Martinez de Luna...” among the leading nobles in Aragon in 1323[965].

- see below.

ii) ALAMÁN de Luna (-after 1323). Zurita names “ricoshombres...don Pedro de Luna y Alamau de Luna hijos de don Pedro Martinez de Luna...” among the leading nobles in Aragon in 1323[966].

iii) MARÍA de Luna . Zurita records that “Don Thomas Cornel”, son of “Doña Violante de Pallas, hermana de la Condesa Doña Sibilia” and “Don Ximeno Cornel hijo de D. Pedro Cornel y de D. Urraca Artal de Luna”, married “Doña Maria de Luna, hija de Don Pedro Martinez de Luna y de Doña Violante de Alagon”[967]. Zurita records “doña Violante de Luna hija de don Lope de Luna...su prima hermana, hija de la Infanta doña Violante su tia” and “doña Maria Cornel hija de don Tomas Cornel” as hostages of the king in 1348 to persuade their fathers to support the war effort[968]. m TOMÁS Cornel, son of JIMENO Cornel & his wife Violante de Pallas.

b) JUAN Martínez de Luna (-after Aug 1300). Zurita names “Don Ximeno de Luna Obispo de Zaragoça, hermano de Don Pedro de Martinez y de D. Iuan Martinez de Luna, que fueron hijos de D. Pedro Martinez de Luna el viejo...D. Lope Ferrench de Luna Governador de Aragon...Don Pedro Martinez de Luna...” as present “en la iglesia de San Salvador” with Jaime II King of Aragon in Aug 1300[969]. Señor de Mediana. Otal y Valonga records that Juan Martínez de Luna “debió morir...muy pronto y joven casado”[970]. m CONTESINA de Cabrandona, daughter of ---. Otal y Valonga records her marriage without citing the source which confirms the information[971]. Juan & his wife had one child:

i) JUAN Martínez de Luna (-1352). Zurita records the death in 1352 of “don Juan Martinez de Luna...padre del Cardenal de Aragon que fue creado Sumo Pontifice en la scisma...Benedicto XIII” and the succession “en la baronia de Illueca [de] don Juan Martinez de Luna su hijo”[972]. m MARÍA Pérez de Gotor y Zapata Señora de Illueca, daughter of MIGUEL Pérez de Gotor & his wife María Pérez de Zapata. Zurita names “doña Maria Perez de Gotor hija de don Miguel Perez de Gotor y de doña Maria Perez Zapata” as mother of Pope Benedict XIII[973]. Juan & his wife had children:

(1) JUAN Martínez de Luna (-12 Sep 1383, bur Calatayud San Pedro). Zurita records the death in 1352 of “don Juan Martinez de Luna...padre del Cardenal de Aragon que fue creado Sumo Pontifice en la scisma...Benedicto XIII” and the succession “en la baronia de Illueca [de] don Juan Martinez de Luna su hijo”[974]. Otal y Valonga records his date of death and place of burial without citing the source which confirms the information[975]. m firstly TERESA Jiménez de Urrea, daughter of JUAN Jiménez de Urrea Señor de Biota y el Bayo & his wife Sibila de Anglesola. Her family origin and marriage are indicated by Zurita who records that [her son] “don Pedro de Luna” was “sobrino de don Juan [Ximenez de Urrea]”, and that “don Artal de Luna” was “hermano de don Pedro y cavallero de la Orden de S. Juan”[976]. m secondly TERESA Rodríguez y Cro, daughter of --- (-1383, bur Calatayud San Pedro). Otal y Valonga records her marriage, noting that she was “prima hermana de don Juan pues era nieta de doña Teresa de Luna que casó con Garci Álvarez Señor de Albornoz”, without citing the source which confirms the information[977]. Otal y Valonga records her date of death and place of burial without citing the source which confirms the information[978]. Juan & his first wife had one child:

(a) JUAN Martìnez de Luna (-1412). Zurita records that Juan I King of Aragon appointed “don Juan Martinez de Luna” as “camarero del Principe don Enrique”, that “Alvaro de Luna su hermano” was appointed “copero mayor del Rey don Enrique”, and that they had “otro hermano...don Pedro de Luna, que fue proveido del Arçobispo de Toledo en tiempo de Benedito su tio”[979]. Zurita names “...don Antonio de Luna y don Juan Martinez de Luna...don Fernan Lopez de Luna tio del Rey de Sicilia...” among those accompanying Infante don Martín “el Duque de Monblanc” to the kingdom of Sicily in 1392[980]. Otal y Valonga reviews some of his descendants[981].

Juan & his [first/second] wife had one child:

(b) ALDONZA de Luna . Zurita records that “don Antonio de Luna” married firstly “doña Aldonça de Luna hija de don Juan Martinez de Luna Señor de Illueca”[982]. Her parentage is indicated by the family’s chronology. m as his first wife, ANTONIO de Luna, son of PEDRO Martínez de Luna & his wife Elsa de Ejérica [Aragón] (-Mequinenza 1419).

Juan & his second wife had children:

(c) ÁLVARO de Luna . Zurita records that Juan I King of Aragon appointed “don Juan Martinez de Luna” as “camarero del Principe don Enrique”, that “Alvaro de Luna su hermano” was appointed “copero mayor del Rey don Enrique”, and that they had “otro hermano...don Pedro de Luna, que fue proveido del Arçobispo de Toledo en tiempo de Benedito su tio”[983]. Señor de Cornago. Otal y Valonga reviews some of his descendants[984].

(d) PEDRO de Luna (-before 19 Apr 1414). Zurita records that Juan I King of Aragon appointed “don Juan Martinez de Luna” as “camarero del Principe don Enrique”, that “Alvaro de Luna su hermano” was appointed “copero mayor del Rey don Enrique”, and that they had “otro hermano...don Pedro de Luna, que fue proveido del Arçobispo de Toledo en tiempo de Benedito su tio”[985]. Zurita records that “don Pedro de Luna” was “sobrino de don Juan [Ximenez de Urrea]”, and that “don Artal de Luna” was “hermano de don Pedro y cavallero de la Orden de S. Juan”[986]. Archbishop of Toledo. Fernando I King of Aragon sent condolences to Pope Benedict XIII for the death of “nobilis Petri de Luna, nepotis vestri” by charter dated 19 Apr 1414[987].

(e) RODRIGO de Luna . Castellán de Amposta.

(f) ARTAL de Luna . Zurita records that “don Pedro de Luna” was “sobrino de don Juan [Ximenez de Urrea]”, and that “don Artal de Luna” was “hermano de don Pedro y cavallero de la Orden de S. Juan”[988].

(2) PEDRO de Luna (Illueca 1328-Peñiscola 23 May 1423, bur Peñiscola). Cardinal 1375. Pope BENEDICT XIII 1394: Zurita records the death 16 Sep 1394 at Avignon of “Papa Clemente” [Clement VII] and the election of Cardinal “don Pedro de Luna...hijo de don Juan Martinez de Luna...y de doña Maria Perez de Gotor hija de don Miguel Perez de Gotor y de doña Maria Perez Zapata” who adopted the name Benedict XIII[989]. He was deposed in 1417.

c) JIMENO de Luna (-Toledo 1338). Archbishop of Zaragoza. Zurita names “Don Ximeno de Luna Obispo de Zaragoça, hermano de Don Pedro de Martinez y de D. Iuan Martinez de Luna, que fueron hijos de D. Pedro Martinez de Luna el viejo...D. Lope Ferrench de Luna Governador de Aragon...Don Pedro Martinez de Luna...” as present “en la iglesia de San Salvador” with Jaime II King of Aragon in Aug 1300[990]. Zurita records the death in 1338 of “don Ximeno de Luna Arçobispo de Toledo” and the appointment of “don Gil Aluarez de Albornoz arcidiano de Talauera”, who was “muy cercano deudo del arçobispo don Ximeno de Luna, por parte de doña Teresa de Luna, que fue madre de don Gil Aluarez, y el arçobispo don Pedro de Luna se detenia aun por el Papa en su corte”[991].

PEDRO Martínez de Luna y Alagón, son of PEDRO Martínez de Luna & his wife Violante de Alagón (-[before 1343]). Zurita names “ricoshombres...don Pedro de Luna y Alamau de Luna hijos de don Pedro Martinez de Luna...” among the leading nobles in Aragon in 1323[992]. Otal y Valonga notes the death of Pedro Martínez de Luna “a. 1343” in his genealogical table, but in the text notes that “nada he encontrado en las historias referente a las fechas de su nacimiento y muerte”[993].

m (1320) MARCHESA di Saluzzo, daughter of FILIPPO di Saluzzo & his first wife Sibilla di Peralta. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified.

Pedro & his wife had children:

1. PEDRO Martínez de Luna (-killed in battle Sardinia 1368). Señor de Almonacid y Pola. Ayala´s Crónica de Pedro I names “....Don Pedro de Luna, é Don Juan Martinez de Luna, é Don Frey Artal de Luna de la Orden des Espital, hermano del dicho Don Pedro de Luna, Rico omes del Regno de Aragon” among those who invaded Castile in 1359[994]. Zurita records the appointment of “don Pedro de Luna Señor de Almonezir y Pola” as “Capitan general” in Sardinia in 1367 and the death in 1368 of “don Pedro de Luna y don Felipe de Luna su hermano”[995]. m ELSA de Ejérica, daughter of PEDRO de Ejérica [Aragón] Barón de Ejérica & his wife Bonaventura di Arborea ([1340]-after 1380). Zurita records that “don Pedro de Luna Señor de Almonezir y Pola” was appointed “Capitan general” in Sardinia in 1367 “porque doña Elfa de Exerica su muger tenia mucho deudo con el Iuez de Arborea”[996]. Pedro & his wife had children:

a) ANTONIO de Luna (-Mequinenza 1419). Zurita names “...don Antonio de Luna, hijo de don Pedro de Luna, Señor de Almonazir y Pola...” among those accompanying Pedro IV King of Aragon in negotiations with Castile[997]. Zurita names “...don Antonio de Luna y don Juan Martinez de Luna...don Fernan Lopez de Luna tio del Rey de Sicilia...” among those accompanying Infante don Martín “el Duque de Monblanc” to the kingdom of Sicily in 1392[998]. Zurita records that “tras el Marques de Villena seguian D. Antonio de Luna...” at the coronation of King Martín 13 Apr 1399[999]. Zurita records that, after the death of King Martín in 1410, the kingdom was divided by two factions led by “don Pedro Ximenez de Urrea y...don Antonio de Luna”, with “don Artal de Alagon” (despite being “muy cercano pariente de don Pedro de Urrea”) supporting “don Antonio por ser casado con doña Marquesa de Luna su hermana” together with “don Artal su hijo y don Frances de Alagon Señor de Almuniente hermano de don Artal, don Fernan Lopez de Luna y don Juan su hijo...”[1000]. Zurita records that “don Antonio de Luna” was declared a traitor and his properties confiscated for failing to support the “compromiso de Caspe”, his death sentence being suspended until 1419 but not carried out as he died “en Mequinença, lugar de don Guillen Ramon de Moncada su sobrino”[1001]. m firstly ALDONZA de Luna, daughter of JUAN Martínez de Luna Señor de Illueca & his [first/second wife Teresa Jiménez de Urrea/Teresa Rodríguez y Cro]. Zurita records that “don Antonio de Luna” married firstly “doña Aldonça de Luna hija de don Juan Martinez de Luna Señor de Illueca”[1002]. m secondly LEONOR de Cervellon, daughter of ---. Zurita records that “don Antonio de Luna” married secondly “doña Leonor de Ceruellon”[1003]. Antonio & his second wife had one child:

i) ELSA de Luna . Zurita records that “don Antonio de Luna” married secondly “doña Leonor de Ceruellon”, leaving “sola una hija...doña Elfa de Luna” who much later claimed her father’s succession[1004]. Otal y Valonga records her marriage without citing the source which confirms the information[1005]. m JUAN Ruiz de Luna Señor de Villafeliz, son of ---.

b) MARQUESA de Luna . Zurita records that, after the death of King Martín in 1410, the kingdom was divided by two factions led by “don Pedro Ximenez de Urrea y...don Antonio de Luna”, with “don Artal de Alagon” (despite being “muy cercano pariente de don Pedro de Urrea”) supporting “don Antonio por ser casado con doña Marquesa de Luna su hermana” together with “don Artal su hijo y don Frances de Alagon Señor de Almuniente hermano de don Artal...”[1006]. m ARTAL de Alagón Señor de Sástago y Pina, son of ---.

c) ELSA de Luna . Otal y Valonga records her parentage and marriage without citing any sources which corroborate the information[1007]. The information is confirmed by Zurita when recording that “don Antonio de Luna” died “en Mequinença, lugar de don Guillen Ramon de Moncada su sobrino”[1008]. m OTT [III] de Montcada Señor de Montcada e Aytona, son of

d) BEATRIZ de Luna y Aragón . Otal y Valonga records her parentage and marriage without citing any sources which corroborate the information[1009]. m as his second wife, HUGO Folch [II] Conde de Cardona, son of HUGO I Folch de Cardona Vizconde de Cardona & his wife Beatriz de Anglesola (1330-1400).

2. JUAN Martínez de Luna (-after 1359). Ayala´s Crónica de Pedro I names “....Don Pedro de Luna, é Don Juan Martinez de Luna, é Don Frey Artal de Luna de la Orden des Espital, hermano del dicho Don Pedro de Luna, Rico omes del Regno de Aragon” among those who invaded Castile in 1359[1010].

3. FELIPE de Luna (-killed in battle Sardinia 1368). Zurita names “don Felipe de Luna hermano de don Pedro de Luna”[1011]. Zurita records the appointment of “don Pedro de Luna Señor de Almonezir y Pola” as “Capitan general” in Sardinia in 1368[1012]. Zurita records the appointment of “don Pedro de Luna Señor de Almonezir y Pola” as “Capitan general” in Sardinia in 1367 and the death in 1368 of “don Pedro de Luna y don Felipe de Luna su hermano”[1013].

4. ARTAL de Luna (-after 1359). Knight of St John: Ayala´s Crónica de Pedro I names “....Don Pedro de Luna, é Don Juan Martinez de Luna, é Don Frey Artal de Luna de la Orden des Espital, hermano del dicho Don Pedro de Luna, Rico omes del Regno de Aragon” among those who invaded Castile in 1359[1014].

D. PIMENTEL

1. GONZALO Annes Pimentel . m CONSTANZA de Aragón, daughter of PEDRO de Aragón & his wife dona Constanza Mendez Pelita de Silva.

2. RODRIGO Pimentel . Conde de Benevente. m LEONOR Henríquez, daughter of ---.

a) …

i) …

(a) ALFONSO Pimentel . Conde de Benevente. Duque de Benevente. m firstly INÉS Pérez, daughter of PEDRO González 1st Conde de Monteagudo. m secondly ANA de Velasco, daughter of ---. Alfonso & his second wife had one child:

(1) CATALINA Pimentel . m CLAUDIO de Quiñones Conde de Luna, son of FRANCISCO de Quiñones Conde de Luna & his wife María Hurtado de Mendoza.

b) JUAN Alfonso Pimentel (-1437). Conde de Majorga. m as her first husband, ELVIRA de Zúñiga, daughter of PEDRO de Zúñiga Conde de Plasencia & his wife ---. Juan & his wife had one child:

i) LEONOR Pimentel . m (1447) as his second wife, her maternal uncle, ÁLVARO de Zúñiga Duque de Bejar (-1488).

[1] Lacarra, J. M. 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón Vol. I (Zaragoza, 1945).

[2] Ubieto Arteta, Agustín 'Aproximación al studio del nacimiento de la nobleza aragonesa (siglos XI y XII): aspectos genealógicos', Homenaje a don José María Lacarra de Miguel Estudios Medievales II (Zaragoza, 1977), pp. 7-54.

[3] Jaurgain, J. de (1898) La Vasconie, étude historique et critique, première partie (Pau), p. 167, quoting Brugeles, L. C. (1736) Chroniques ecclésiastiques du diocèse d´Auch, Preuves de la II^e partie, p. 34.

[4] Jaurgain (1898), p. 170.

[5] Jaurgain (1898), p. 162, quoting Brugeles, L. C. (1736) Chroniques ecclésiastiques du diocèse d´Auch, Preuves de la II^e partie, p. 34.

[6] Jaurgain (1898), p. 167.

[7] Jaurgain (1898), p. 163, quoting Brugeles, L. C. (1736) Chroniques ecclésiastiques du diocèse d´Auch, Preuves de la II^e partie, p. 35.

[8] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 12, p. 235.

[9] D´Abadals i Vinyals, R. (2009) Els Comtats de Pallars i Ribagorça, Catalunya Carolíngia, Vol. III (Barcelona), Part 2, 40, 41, 55 and 70, pp. 303, 304, 313 and 321.

[10] Pascua, J. (1785) El antiguo obispado de Pallas en Cataluña (Tremp), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[11] Magnou-Nortier, E. and Magnon, A. M. (eds.) (1996) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de la Grasse, Tome I 779-1119 (Paris) (“Grasse”) 57, p. 97.

[12] Puig i Ferreté, I. M. (ed.) (1991) El Monestir de Santa Maria de Gerri (segles XI-XV) Collecció Diplomática Vol. II (Barcelona) ("Santa Maria de Gerri").

[13] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 25, p. 246.

[14] Grasse, 57, p. 97.

[15] D´Abadals i Vinyals, R. (2009) Els Comtats de Pallars i Ribagorça, Catalunya Carolíngia, Vol. III (Barcelona), Part 2, 154, p. 362, and Devic, Dom C., Dom Vaissete, Dulaurier, E. (1875) Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. (Toulouse), Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 87, col. 205.

[16] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 94, col. 215.

[17] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 95, col. 216.

[18] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 154, p. 362, and Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 87, col. 205.

[19] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 95, col. 216.

[20] Jaurgain (1898), II, p. 597.

[21] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', p. 246.

[22] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', p. 245, footnote 24 (second one, headed “Regemundo”).

[23] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 154, p. 362, and Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 87, col. 205.

[24] Grasse, Tome I, 57, p. 97.

[25] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 90, col. 210.

[26] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 95, col. 216.

[27] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 25, p. 246.

[28] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[29] Junyent i Subirà (1980-96) Diplomatari de la Catedral de Vic Segles IX-X (Vic) ("Vic"), 278, p. 234.

[30] Santa Maria de Gerri 6, p. 4.

[31] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 199, p. 388.

[32] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 262, p. 422.

[33] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 237, p. 411.

[34] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 131, col. 288.

[35] Serrano y Sanz, M. (1912) Noticias y documentos históricos del condado de Ribagorza hasta la muerte de Sancho Garcés III (Año 1035) (Madrid), p. 430.

[36] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 269, p. 426.

[37] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 436.

[38] Corral Lafuente, J. L. (ed.) (1984) Cartulario de Alaón (Huesca) (Zaragoza) (“Alaón”), 243, p. 233.

[39] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 131, col. 288.

[40] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 430.

[41] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 433.

[42] Alaón, 243, p. 233.

[43] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 269, p. 426.

[44] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 199, p. 388.

[45] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 262, p. 422.

[46] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 269, p. 426.

[47] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 296, p. 440.

[48] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 320, p. 455.

[49] Santa Maria de Gerri 6, p. 4.

[50] ES III.1 119, she is not shown in ES III.4 763.

[51] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 320, p. 455.

[52] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 320, p. 455.

[53] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 320, p. 455.

[54] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 320, p. 455.

[55] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 320, p. 455.

[56] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 320, p. 455.

[57] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[58] Grasse, Tome I, 91, p. 140.

[59] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 262, p. 422.

[60] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 269, p. 426.

[61] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 269, p. 426.

[62] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[63] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 199, p. 388.

[64] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 262, p. 422.

[65] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 237, p. 411.

[66] Grasse, Tome I, 91, p. 140.

[67] Santa Maria de Gerri 6, p. 4.

[68] Santa Maria de Gerri 6, p. 4.

[69] ES III.1 119, she is not shown in ES III.4 763.

[70] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 320, p. 455.

[71] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 326.

[72] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 289, p. 437.

[73] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[74] ES III 119.

[75] Llorente, J. A. (1807) Noticias Históricas de las tres provincias vascongadas Álava, Guipúzcoa y Vizcaya (Madrid), Vol. III, 7, p. 48.

[76] Santa Maria de Gerri 2, p. 2.

[77] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 450.

[78] Chesé Lapeña, R. (ed.) (2011) Collecció diplomàtica de Sant Pere d´Àger fins 1198 (Barcelona) (“Ager Sant Pere”), Vol. I, 16, p. 221.

[79] Ager Sant Pere, Vol. I, 19, p. 223.

[80] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 451.

[81] Santa Maria de Gerri 2, p. 2.

[82] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 326.

[83] ES III 119.

[84] Pérez de Urbel, Fray Justo (1969/70) El condado de Castilla (Madrid), Vol. III, pp. 152-3.

[85] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 450.

[86] Ager Sant Pere, Vol. I, 16, p. 221.

[87] Ager Sant Pere, Vol. I, 19, p. 223.

[88] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[89] Marca, P. de (1688) Marca Hispanica (Paris), Appendix, CCXLIV, col. 1105.

[90] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCLXXIII, col. 1149.

[91] Alaón, 260, p. 245.

[92] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCXCII, col. 1171.

[93] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCXLIV, col. 1105.

[94] Santa Maria de Gerri 39, p. 27.

[95] Ager Sant Pere, Vol. I, 68, p. 295.

[96] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCLXXIII, col. 1149.

[97] Ager Sant Pere, Vol. I, 99, p. 343.

[98] Alaón, 260, p. 245.

[99] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCXCII, col. 1171.

[100] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCCXXIV, col. 1213.

[101] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, pp. 325-6.

[102] Ager Sant Pere, Vol. I, 87, p. 326.

[103] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCLXXIII, col. 1149.

[104] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCXCII, col. 1171.

[105] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCCXXIII, col. 1212.

[106] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCCXXIV, col. 1213.

[107] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCCXXXIII, col. 1228.

[108] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, pp. 325-6.

[109] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, pp. 325-6.

[110] Ager Sant Pere, Vol. I, 87, p. 326.

[111] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCCXXIV, col. 1213.

[112] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 324.

[113] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 326.

[114] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCCXXIV, col. 1213.

[115] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[116] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, pp. 325-6.

[117] Ager Sant Pere, Vol. I, 87, p. 326.

[118] Ager Sant Pere, Vol. I, 99, p. 343.

[119] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCXCII, col. 1171.

[120] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCCXXIV, col. 1213.

[121] Ager Sant Pere, Vol. I, 184, p. 448.

[122] Ex Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium, RHGF XII, p. 375.

[123] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCCXXIV, col. 1213.

[124] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 326.

[125] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 242, p. 619.

[126] Santa Maria de Gerri 39, p. 27.

[127] Santa Maria de Gerri 156, p. 112.

[128] Monfar y Sors, D. (1853) Historia de los Condes de Urgel (Barcelona) Tomo I, p. 391.

[129] Lacarra, J. M. 'Documentos para la reconquista del valle del Ebro', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón Vol. III (Zaragoza, 1947/48) 281, p. 651.

[130] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 242, p. 619.

[131] Figuière, P. (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses : la stratégie aragonaise du Grand Sénéchal, Redécouverte du lignage des comtesses Oria et Jusiana (XIIe siècle), [available at <https://www.academia.edu/96119813/Comtesses_et_vicomtesse_la_strat%C3%A9gie_aragonaise_du_Grand_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9chal_Red%C3%A9couverte_du_lignage_des_comtesses_Oria_et_Jusiana_XIIe_si%C3%A8cle_> (12 Apr 2024)], (no page numbers, 5/35 in the digitised download), citing “Cabildo Catedral de Huesca, pergaminos, ES/ACHU – P02/0146, publié in Documentos de Casbas, Agustín Ubieto, 1966, n^o. 3, p. 10”.

[132] Lacarra, J. M. 'Documentos para el estudio de la reconquista y repoblación del Valle del Ebro', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón, Vol. V (Zaragoza, 1952), 393, p. 605.

[133] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 6/35 in the digitised download), citing “AHP Huesca, ES/AHPHU – CASBAS/0390. Publié in Documentos de Casbas, n^o. 6, p. 14”.

[134] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35, 6/35 in the digitised download), citing “AHP Huesca, ES/AHPHU – CASBAS/0016 et 0017. Publié in Documentos de Casbas, n^o. 7, p. 17”.

[135] Ascaso Sarvise (no date), p. 23, citing Durán Colección diplomática de la catedral de Huesca (no page reference).

[136] Santa Maria de Gerri 39, p. 27.

[137] Santa Maria de Gerri 156, p. 112.

[138] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 393, p. 605.

[139] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35, 6/35 in the digitised download), citing “AHP Huesca, ES/AHPHU – CASBAS/0016 et 0017. Publié in Documentos de Casbas, n^o. 7, p. 17”.

[140] Gargallo Moya, A., Iranzo Muñio, M. T., Sanchez Usón, J. (1985) Cartulario del Temple de Huesca (Anubar, Zaragoza), 103, p. 106, consulted at <https://www.anubar.com/coltm/pdf/TM%2070%20Cartulario%20del%20Temple%20de%20Huesca.pdf> (14 Apr 2024).

[141] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 18/35).

[142] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35, 6/35 in the digitised download), citing “AHP Huesca, ES/AHPHU – CASBAS/0016 et 0017. Publié in Documentos de Casbas, n^o. 7, p. 17”.

[143] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[144] Santa Maria de Gerri 3, p. 3.

[145] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 441.

[146] Santa Maria de Gerri 3, p. 3.

[147] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 441.

[148] Santa Maria de Gerri 6, p. 4.

[149] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 212, col. 429.

[150] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 446.

[151] Santa Maria de Gerri 6, p. 4.

[152] Santa Maria de Gerri 18, p. 12.

[153] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 212, col. 429.

[154] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 446.

[155] Santa Maria de Gerri 12, p. 8.

[156] Santa Maria de Gerri 8, p. 5.

[157] Santa Maria de Gerri 10, p. 7.

[158] Santa Maria de Gerri 11, p. 7.

[159] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCLXXXVIII, col. 1167.

[160] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 321, p. 622.

[161] Santa Maria de Gerri 18, p. 12.

[162] Santa Maria de Gerri 23, p. 15.

[163] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 350, col. 672.

[164] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 351, col. 674.

[165] Santa Maria de Gerri 25, p. 16.

[166] Santa Maria de Gerri 8, p. 5.

[167] Bofarull y Mascaró, P. de (1836) Los Condes de Barcelona Vindicados (Barcelona) Tomo II, p. 73, citing Real Archivo, n. 11 de la colección con data de Conde Ramon Berengario, antes armario de Cataluña, saco B. n. 269.

[168] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCLIII, col. 1120.

[169] Bofarull y Mascaró (1836) Tomo II, p. 74, citing Real Archivo, n. 417 de la colección con data de Conde Ramon Berengario, antes armario de Lérida, saco C. n. 181.

[170] Santa Maria de Gerri 10, p. 7.

[171] Santa Maria de Gerri 11, p. 7.

[172] Santa Maria de Gerri 23, p. 15.

[173] Santa Maria de Gerri 26, p. 17.

[174] Santa Maria de Gerri 43, p. 30.

[175] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 321, p. 622.

[176] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 321, p. 622.

[177] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 321, p. 622.

[178] Santa Maria de Gerri 26, p. 17.

[179] Santa Maria de Gerri 43, p. 30.

[180] Santa Maria de Gerri 47, p. 33.

[181] Villanueva, J. L. (1850) Viage Literario a las Iglesias de España (Madrid) (“Viage Literario”), Tome XI, Apendice, VII, p. 192.

[182] Santa Maria de Gerri 43, p. 30.

[183] Santa Maria de Gerri 47, p. 33.

[184] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 321, p. 622.

[185] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCLXXXVIII, col. 1167.

[186] Guérard, M. (1857) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Victor de Marseille (Paris) (“Marseille Saint-Victor”), Tome II, Chartularium Minus, 824, p. 176.

[187] Santa Maria de Gerri 25, p. 16.

[188] Santa Maria de Gerri 26, p. 17.

[189] Santa Maria de Gerri 43, p. 30.

[190] Santa Maria de Gerri 34, p. 24.

[191] Santa Maria de Gerri 47, p. 33.

[192] Marseille Saint-Victor, Tome II, Chartularium Minus, 824, p. 176.

[193] Santa Maria de Gerri 34, p. 24.

[194] Santa Maria de Gerri 106, p. 74.

[195] Santa Maria de Gerri 125, p. 88.

[196] Santa Maria de Gerri 147, p. 104.

[197] Santa Maria de Gerri 125, p. 88.

[198] Santa Maria de Gerri 147, p. 104.

[199] Santa Maria de Gerri 157, p. 113.

[200] Santa Maria de Gerri 157, p. 113.

[201] Santa Maria de Gerri 179, p. 129.

[202] Santa Maria de Gerri 179, p. 129.

[203] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 391, p. 603.

[204] Santa Maria de Gerri 192, p. 137.

[205] Santa Maria de Gerri 196, p. 140.

[206] Santa Maria de Gerri 203, p. 144.

[207] Santa Maria de Gerri 212, p. 150.

[208] Santa Maria de Gerri 192, p. 137.

[209] Santa Maria de Gerri 196, p. 140.

[210] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 642.

[211] Santa Maria de Gerri 212, p. 150.

[212] Santa Maria de Gerri 192, p. 137.

[213] Santa Maria de Gerri 196, p. 140.

[214] Santa Maria de Gerri 203, p. 144.

[215] Santa Maria de Gerri 212, p. 150.

[216] Santa Maria de Gerri 212, p. 150.

[217] Brutails, J. A. (ed.) (1890) Documents des Archives de la Chambre des Comtes de Navarre (1196-1384) (Paris) X, p. 9.

[218] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 642.

[219] Palau i Baduell, J. M. (2009) La morallitat dels clergues i laics als comtats de Pallars a través de les visites pastorals de 1314 i 1315, p. 14 (no citation reference), available at <http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/68511/1/TFM_Palau.pdf> (22 Feb 2016). .

[220] Santa Maria de Gerri 259, p. 179.

[221] Santa Maria de Gerri 262, p. 181.

[222] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 1398.

[223] Santa Maria de Gerri 258, p. 178.

[224] Santa Maria de Gerri 259, p. 179.

[225] Santa Maria de Gerri 262, p. 181.

[226] Miret y Sans, J. ‘La princesa griega Lascaris condesa de Pallars en Cataluña’, Revue Hispanique, Vol. 10 (1903), p. 461.

[227] Santa Maria de Gerri 262, p. 181.

[228] ES II 182, ES III 404 b, ES III 760.

[229] Baucells i Reig, J. ‘La infanta griega Lascara y sus hijas Beatriz y Violante, aragonesas de elección’, Congreso de Historia de la Corona de Aragón, X Congreso Zaragoza, Vol. IV (Universidad de Zaragoza, 1984), pp. 63-80.

[230] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, pp. 455-70.

[231] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, p. 462, quoting ‘Perg. 297 de Alfonso II, Archivo de la Corona de Aragón’.

[232] Bolòs, J. (ed.) (2006) Diplomatari del monestir de Santa Maria de Serrateix (Barcelona) (“Serrateix Santa Maria”), 219, 226, 227, pp. 326 and 336.

[233] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, pp. 467-8.

[234] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, pp. 468, quoting ‘Registro 345, fol. 180, Archivo de la Corona de Aragón’.

[235] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, p. 462, quoting ‘Perg. 297 de Alfonso II, Archivo de la Corona de Aragón’.

[236] Serrateix Santa Maria, 219, 226, 227, pp. 326 and 336.

[237] Zurita, J. (1669) Anales de la Corona de Aragon (Zaragoza), Tome I, Lib. V, XXIX, p. 379.

[238] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, p. 465, quoting ‘Perg. 813 de Jaime II, Archivo de la Corona de Aragón’.

[239] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, p. 466.

[240] Reichert, B. M. (1899) Monumenta ordinis Fratrum Prædicatorum Historica, Tome IV, Acta Capitulorum Generalium (Vol. II) (Rome), p. 200.

[241] ES III 562.

[242] Santiago ‘Los Entenza’ (1914), p. 225.

[243] ES III.2 562.

[244] Xestalgar, 10, p. 123.

[245] Xestalgar, 14, p. 150.

[246] Santiago ‘Los Entenza’ (1914), p. 225.

[247] La muerte en la Casa Real de Aragón, Cartas de condolencia y anunciadoras de fallecimientos (siglos XIII al XVI) (Zaragoza, 2018), 85, p. 96, available at <https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/36/82/_ebook.pdf> (12 Mar 2022).

[248] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 635.

[249] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 635.

[250] ES III.2 562.

[251] Bofarull, A. de (1850) Crónica del rey de Aragon D. Pedro IV (Barcelona), Cap. III, 23, p. 180.

[252] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, p. 462, quoting ‘Perg. 297 de Alfonso II, Archivo de la Corona de Aragón’.

[253] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, p. 466.

[254] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, p. 462, quoting ‘Perg. 297 de Alfonso II, Archivo de la Corona de Aragón’.

[255] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, p. 466.

[256] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XXIX, p. 379.

[257] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, p. 461.

[258] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 642.

[259] Santa Maria de Gerri 258, p. 178.

[260] Santa Maria de Gerri 259, p. 179.

[261] Alaón, 243, p. 233.

[262] Marca, P. de (1688) Marca Hispanica (Paris), Appendix, CCXLIV, col. 1105.

[263] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCXCII, col. 1171.

[264] Marca Hispanica (1688), Appendix, CCCXXIV, col. 1213.

[265] Santa Maria de Gerri 147, p. 104.

[266] Santa Maria de Gerri 180, p. 129.

[267] Santa Maria de Gerri 180, p. 129.

[268] Santa Maria de Gerri 180, p. 129.

[269] Santa Maria de Gerri 180, p. 129.

[270] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 2 and 8, pp. 281 and 283.

[271] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 12, p. 286.

[272] Serrano y Sanz, M. (1912) Noticias y documentos históricos del condado de Ribagorza hasta la muerte de Sancho Garcés III (Año 1035) (Madrid).

[273] Valls Taberner, F. 'Els origens dels comtats de Pallars I Ribagorça', Estudis Universitaris Catalans Vol. IX (1915-16), pp. 1-101. (not yet consulted)

[274] Pascua (1785), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[275] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 12, p. 286.

[276] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 132, p. 351.

[277] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 108, p. 340.

[278] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 113, p. 342.

[279] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 132, p. 351.

[280] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 113, p. 342.

[281] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 134, p. 353.

[282] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 134, p. 353.

[283] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 121, p. 346.

[284] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 125, p. 347.

[285] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 154, p. 362.

[286] Dozy, R. (1859) Recherches sur l´histoire et la literature de l´Espagne pendant le moyen-âge (Leiden), Tome I, p. 227, citing Ibn-Haiyân, fol. 15 r. et v, and fol. 9 v, also discussed in Arco, R. del 'El Templo de Nuestra Señora del Pilar en la Edad Media', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón Vol. I (Zaragoza, 1945) p. 13.

[287] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. I, 7, p. 31.

[288] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 25, p. 246.

[289] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', p. 245, footnote 24 (second one, headed “Regemundo”).

[290] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 25, p. 246.

[291] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 25, p. 246.

[292] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 163, p. 368.

[293] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 236, p. 410.

[294] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 188, p. 383.

[295] Pascua (1785), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[296] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 236, p. 410.

[297] Pascua (1785), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[298] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 20.

[299] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 154, p. 362.

[300] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 95, col. 216.

[301] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 25, p. 246.

[302] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 25, p. 246.

[303] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[304] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 10, p. 234.

[305] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 25, p. 246.

[306] De la Granja, F. 'La Marca superior en la obra de al-Udri', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón VIII (1967), available as an extract at <http://www.unizar.es/cema/recursos/447_545.pdf> (8 Feb 2011), 88, p. 43.

[307] Pascua (1785), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[308] Pascua (1785), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[309] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 20.

[310] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[311] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 204.

[312] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 145, p. 358.

[313] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 157, p. 364.

[314] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 159, p. 366.

[315] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 161, p. 367.

[316] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 24 and 26, pp. 244 and 246.

[317] Pascua (1785), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[318] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 140, p. 356.

[319] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 146, p. 359.

[320] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 148, p. 360.

[321] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 149, p. 360.

[322] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[323] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 204.

[324] Lacarra, J. M. 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón Vol. I (Zaragoza, 1945) 26, p. 246.

[325] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 204.

[326] Pascua (1785), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[327] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 20.

[328] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[329] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 168, p. 371.

[330] Iglesias Costa, M. (ed.) ´El cartulario de Roda según Abad y Lasierra´, Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituo de Estudios Altoaragoneses, no. 105, 1991 (“Roda (Abad)”), p. 125.

[331] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 172, p. 374.

[332] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 179, p. 378.

[333] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 183, p. 380.

[334] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 27, p. 247.

[335] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 31, p. 250.

[336] Roda (Abad), LXXXVIII, p. 315.

[337] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[338] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 168, p. 371.

[339] Roda (Abad), p. 125.

[340] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 179, p. 378.

[341] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 194, p. 385.

[342] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 235, p. 409.

[343] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 289, p. 437.

[344] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 27, p. 247.

[345] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[346] Pascua (1785), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[347] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 194, p. 385.

[348] Roda (Abad), LXXXVIII, p. 315.

[349] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 209, p. 394.

[350] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 217, p. 399.

[351] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 47.

[352] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 235, p. 409.

[353] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 239, p. 411.

[354] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 223, p. 403.

[355] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 239, p. 411.

[356] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[357] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 326.

[358] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 217, p. 399.

[359] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 235, p. 409.

[360] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 239, p. 411.

[361] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 239, p. 411.

[362] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 235, p. 409.

[363] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 27, p. 247.

[364] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[365] Pascua (1785), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[366] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 194, p. 385.

[367] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 197, p. 386.

[368] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 209, p. 394.

[369] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 235, p. 409.

[370] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 27, p. 247.

[371] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, pp. 325 and 326.

[372] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 194, p. 385.

[373] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 209, p. 394.

[374] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 235, p. 409.

[375] Pascua (1785), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[376] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 289, p. 437.

[377] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 326.

[378] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 48.

[379] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 395.

[380] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 398.

[381] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[382] Pascua (1785), Apendice, Clase Primera, XXI, p. 70, and D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 18.

[383] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 20.

[384] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[385] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 235, p. 409.

[386] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 27, p. 247.

[387] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[388] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 183, p. 380.

[389] Zabalza Duque, M. (1998) Colección diplomática de los Condes de Castilla (Junta de Castilla y León), p. 329, marked suspect in the compilation.

[390] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXVI, p. 406.

[391] Muñoz Romero, T. (1847) Colección de Fueros municipales y cartas pueblas (Madrid), Tome I, p. 37.

[392] Muñoz Romero (1847), Tome I, p. 47.

[393] Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, M. (1999) Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla (siglos IX-XIII) (Consejería de Educación y Cultura de la Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid), p. 215.

[394] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 326.

[395] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 235, p. 409.

[396] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 2, 289, p. 437.

[397] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 26, p. 246.

[398] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 13 and 17, pp. 236 and 238-9.

[399] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 20.

[400] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[401] Serrano y Sanz (1912), p. 204.

[402] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[403] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 20.

[404] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[405] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', 26, p. 246.

[406] De la Granja 'La Marca superior en la obra de al-Udri', 82, p. 40.

[407] Gaztambide, J. G. (ed.) (1997) Colección diplomatica de la catedral de Pamplona, Tome I 829-1243 (Gobierno de Navarra) (“Pamplona”) 7, p. 29.

[408] Ximénez de Embún y Val, T. (ed.) (1876) Historia de la Corona de Aragón: Crónica de San Juan de la Peña: Part aragonesa (“Crónica de San Juan de la Peña“), XVI, p. 45, available at Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes <http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/FichaObra.html?Ref=12477> (3 Aug 2007).

[409] D´Abadals i Vinyals (2009), Part 1, 24, and Fragmentum historicum, Ex cartulario Alaonis, España Sagrada XLVI, XXXVI, p. 325.

[410] Crónica de San Juan de la Peña XXXV, p. 149.

[411] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 673.

[412] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. III, CI, p. 227.

[413] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, p. 469, quoting ‘Registro 24, fol. 120, Archivo de la Corona de Aragón’.

[414] Miret y Sans (1903), Vol. 10, p. 469, quoting ‘Registro 24, fol. 120, Archivo de la Corona de Aragón’.

[415] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XXIX, p. 379.

[416] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 118 (first page).

[417] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 118 (first page).

[418] Crónica de San Juan de la Peña XXXV, p. 149.

[419] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 673.

[420] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. III, CI, p. 227.

[421] Ramon Muntaner, Tome I, XVIII, p. 54.

[422] Ramon Muntaner, Tome II, CCXCV, p. 421.

[423] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 111 (second page).

[424] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 111 (second page).

[425] Kerrebrouck, P. van (2000) Les Capétiens 987-1328 (Villeneuve d'Asq), p. 255.

[426] Ramon Muntaner, Tome II, CCXCV, p. 421.

[427] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 111 (second page).

[428] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, fol. 90 (first page).

[429] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, LIX, fol. 265 (first page).

[430] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, LX, fol. 265 (second page).

[431] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, I, fol. 351 (second page).

[432] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XLI, fol. 313 (second page).

[433] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, VIII, fol. 359 (second page).

[434] Faria i Sousa, F. & Alarcon, F. A. de (eds.) (1641) Nobiliario del Conde de Barcelos Don Pedro (Madrid) ("Pedro Barcelos"), Tit. XXI, Ponços, 9, p. 132.

[435] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, XXXIII, fol. 230 (second page).

[436] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, VII, fol. 193 (second page), and XI, fol. 196 (second page).

[437] Sturdza (1999), p. 536.

[438] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, fol. 90 (first page).

[439] Crónica de San Juan de la Peña XXXV, p. 149.

[440] Pastor i Madalena, M. (2015) Les senyories valencianes dels comtes d’Urgell. Les baronies de Bunyol. Xiva i Xestalgar entre el 1238 i el 1327. Renda i jurisdicció (Universitad de Valencia, Tesis doctoral), Tom II, 3, p. 45,

available at <http://mobiroderic.uv.es/bitstream/handle/10550/41762/TESIS%20completa.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y> (30 Mar 2016).

[441] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. III, CI, p. 227.

[442] Pastor i Madalena (2015), Tom II, 3, p. 45.

[443] Pastor i Madalena (2015), Tom II, 23, p. 113.

[444] Runciman, S. (1978), A History of the Crusades (Penguin), Vol. 3, pp. 330-1.

[445] Pastor i Madalena (2015), Tom II, 74, p. 229.

[446] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. III, CI, p. 227.

[447] Pastor i Madalena (2015), Tom II, 4, p. 47.

[448] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. III, CI, p. 227.

[449] Pastor i Madalena (2015), Tom II, 17, p. 95.

[450] Atlas de Historia de Aragón, maps 41 and 43 (Zaragoza, 1999, Institución Fernando el Católico, Diputación de Zaragoza), available at <http://ifc.dpz.es/webs/atlash/indice_epocas/medieval/43.htm> (15 October 2012).

[451] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. I, 36, p. 101.

[452] San Andrés de Fanlo 30, 31, 32, 36, 46, 47, 48, 59 and 61.

[453] Martín Duque, A. J. (ed.) (2004) Colección diplomática del monasterio de San Victorián de Sobrarbe (1000-1219) (Zaragoza) ("Sobrarbe San Victorián"), 12, p. 20.

[454] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 68, p. 11.

[455] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 13, p. 22.

[456] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 81, p. 51.

[457] Leire 35, p. 66.

[458] Durán Gudiol, A. (ed.) (1965) Colección diplomática de la catedral de Huesca (Zaragoza) I, 16. [MGM]

[459] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 20, p. 34.

[460] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 23, p. 40.

[461] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 24, p. 42.

[462] San Andrés de Fanlo, 30, p. 358.

[463] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 34, p. 56.

[464] Leire 49, p. 85.

[465] Leire 53, p. 89.

[466] Leire 58, p. 94.

[467] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1966) Cartulario de Santa Cruz de la Serós (Valencia) (“Santa Cruz de la Serós”), 3, p. 15.

[468] Leire 69, p. 107.

[469] Leire 74, p. 115.

[470] Leire 78, p. 119.

[471] España Sagrada, Tomo XLVI (1836), V, p. 232.

[472] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 60, p. 86.

[473] Santa Cruz de la Serós 4, p. 16.

[474] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 62, p. 89.

[475] Ibarra Rodríguez, E. (ed.) (1913) Documentos correspondientes al reinado de Sancho Ramirez, Tomo II Documentos particulares (Zaragoza) 57. [MGM]

[476] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 74, p. 105.

[477] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 79, p. 110.

[478] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 90, p. 124.

[479] Durán Gudiol, A. (ed.) (1965) Colección diplomática de la catedral de Huesca (Zaragoza) I, 19. [MGM]

[480] Ibarra Rodríguez, E. (ed.) (1913) Documentos correspondientes al reinado de Sancho Ramirez, Tomo II Documentos particulares (Zaragoza) 1. [MGM]

[481] Ibarra Rodríguez (1913), Tomo II, 50. [MGM]

[482] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 79, p. 47.

[483] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[484] Leire 87, p. 132.

[485] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[486] Leire 106, p. 156.

[487] Pamplona 46, p. 67.

[488] Canellas López, A. (1993) La colección diplomática de Sancho Ramírez (Zaragoza), 102, p. 103.

[489] Canellas López (1993), 124, p. 123.

[490] Pamplona 50, p. 75.

[491] Irache 71, p. 93.

[492] San Andrés de Fanlo 90.

[493] Pamplona 75, p. 96.

[494] Pamplona 98, p. 115.

[495] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 5, p. 478.

[496] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 291, p. 518.

[497] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 8, p. 480.

[498] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 5, p. 478.

[499] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 6, p. 478.

[500] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 296, p. 523.

[501] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 9, p. 481.

[502] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 299, p. 526.

[503] Alaón, 308, p. 286.

[504] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 302, p. 529.

[505] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 109, p. 513.

[506] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 10, p. 482.

[507] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 120, p. 523.

[508] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 3/35 in the digitised download), citing “Cartularios de San Salvador de Zaragoza, no. 68 ; Zaragoza, Archivo de la Seo, Cartulario Grande, fo. 188ª, doc. 42”.

[509] Ubieto Arteta, A. (1980) Cofrades aragoneses y navarros de la milicia del Temple (Siglo XII), p. 34 (dating), Texto A, (250), p. 64, at <https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/108339.pdf> (14 Apr 2024).

[510] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35), and footnote 20.

[511] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 282, p. 651 (similar charter 283, p. 652).

[512] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35), citing “Zaragoza, Archivo de la Seo, Cartulario pequeño, f^o 45v, doc. n^o 156, Cartulario Grande, f^o. 104v, doc. n^o. 75”.

[513] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 171, p. 566.

[514] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 23/35), citing “[Zaragoza, Archivo de la Seo], Cartulario Grande, f^o. 186b-187a, doc. 28”.

[515] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 171, p. 566.

[516] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 3/35), citing “Biblioteca de Catalunya, pergaminos, no. 1796”. Figuière identifies the site of the property.

[517] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 282, p. 651 (similar charter 283, p. 652).

[518] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35), footnote 19.

[519] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 3/35 and 4/35), citing “Colección diplomática de la catedral de Huesca, Vol. I” (no page citation), and “Documentos de Sigena, Agustín Ubieto Arteta, n^os. 72, 81”.

[520] Miret i Sans, J. (1910) Les cases de Templers i Hospitalers en Catalunya (Barcelona), p. 115.

[521] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35).

[522] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35).

[523] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 7/35).

[524] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35).

[525] Ibarra Rodríguez (1913), Tomo II, 1. [MGM]

[526] Ibarra Rodríguez (1913), Tomo II, 50. [MGM]

[527] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[528] Leire 87, p. 132.

[529] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[530] Canellas López (1993), 60, p. 69.

[531] Canellas López (1993), 85, p. 88.

[532] Canellas López (1993), 102, p. 103.

[533] Canellas López (1993), 124, p. 123.

[534] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 81, p. 112.

[535] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 90, p. 124.

[536] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 96, p. 133.

[537] Ibarra Rodríguez (1913), Tomo II, 1. [MGM]

[538] Ibarra Rodríguez (1913), Tomo II, 50. [MGM]

[539] Canellas López (1993), 60, p. 69.

[540] Leire 111, p. 162.

[541] Leire 112, p. 163.

[542] Canellas López (1993), 85, p. 88.

[543] Ibarra Rodríguez (1913), Tomo II, 1. [MGM]

[544] Ibarra Rodríguez (1913), Tomo II, 50. [MGM]

[545] Ibarra Rodríguez (1913), Tomo II, 1. [MGM]

[546] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 90, p. 124.

[547] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 90, p. 124.

[548] Leire 74, p. 115.

[549] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 19, p. 488.

[550] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 127, p. 530.

[551] Figuière, P. (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses : la stratégie aragonaise du Grand Sénéchal, Redécouverte du lignage des comtesses Oria et Jusiana (XIIe siècle), available at <https://www.academia.edu/96119813/Comtesses_et_vicomtesse_la_strat%C3%A9gie_aragonaise_du_Grand_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9chal_Red%C3%A9couverte_du_lignage_des_comtesses_Oria_et_Jusiana_XIIe_si%C3%A8cle_> (12 Apr 2024). Link sent by Bert M. Kamp by email 5 Apr 2024.

[552] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 8/35-11/35 in the digitised download).

[553] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 8/35).

[554] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 8/35), citing “Archivo de Provisorato de Barbastro (APB), CartSVict, f. 3r (copia en BAH, Col. Traggia, IX, f. 143r). Publié in Graus, un senorio feudal aragonés en el siglo XII, Ángel J. Martín Duque, Hispania, 18, 1958, pp. 159-80”.

[555] Olcoz Yanguas, S. ‘Cuatro Lope López en el reino de Aragón y Pamplona: el origen del linaje Almoravid, y sus relaciones con Liédena, Calahorra y otras tenencias del valle del río Ebro’, Kalakorikos: Revista para el estudio, defensa, protección y divulgación del patrimonio histórico, artístico y cultural de Calahorra y su entorno, N^o. 23 (2018) [consulted at <file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/Dialnet-CuatroLopeLopezEnElReinoDeAragonYPamplona-6757537.pdf > (15 Apr 2024)], p. 251, citing Ubieto Arteta, A. (1973) Los “tenentes” de Aragón y Navarra en los siglos XY y XII (Valencia), pp. 124, 132, 141, 151-2, 155, 158, 161, 194 [not consulted].

[556] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 143, p. 166.

[557] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 120, p. 523.

[558] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 37, p. 503.

[559] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35), footnote 19.

[560] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35), and footnote 20.

[561] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 282, p. 651 (similar charter 283, p. 652).

[562] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35), citing “Zaragoza, Archivo de la Seo, Cartulario pequeño, f^o 45v, doc. n^o 156, Cartulario Grande, f^o. 104v, doc. n^o. 75”.

[563] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 281, p. 651.

[564] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 171, p. 566.

[565] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 23/35), citing “[Zaragoza, Archivo de la Seo], Cartulario Grande, f^o. 186b-187a, doc. 28”.

[566] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 281, p. 651.

[567] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 242, p. 619.

[568] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 5/35), citing “Cabildo Catedral de Huesca, pergaminos, ES/ACHU – P02/0146, publié in Documentos de Casbas, Agustín Ubieto, 1966, n^o. 3, p. 10.

[569] Lacarra, J. M. 'Documentos para el estudio de la reconquista y repoblación del Valle del Ebro', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón, Vol. V (Zaragoza, 1952), 393, p. 605.

[570] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 6/35), citing “AHP Huesca, ES/AHPHU – CASBAS/0390. Publié in Ubieto Arteta, A. (1966) Documentos de Casbas, n^o. 6, p. 14”.

[571] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35, 6/35), citing “AHP Huesca, ES/AHPHU – CASBAS/0016 et 0017. Publié in Documentos de Casbas, n^o. 7, p. 17”.

[572] Miret i Sans (1910), p. 115.

[573] Ascaso Sarvise, L. (no date) El monasterio cisterciense de Santa María de Casbas (1173-1350) (Colección de Estudis Altoaragonenses) [consulted at <http://www.dehuesca.es/~sipca/IMAGEN/documentos_web/BDPCA_14.pdf> (7 Feb 2014),], p. 23, citing Durán Colección diplomática de la catedral de Huesca (no page reference).

[574] Ascaso Sarvise (no date), p. 24, citing Ubieto, A. (1977) Aproximación al estudio de la nobleza aragonesea (siglos XI-XII): aspectos genealógicos, Homenaje a Lacarra, II, pp. 17 and 31, Santiago ‘Los Entenza’ (1914), pp. 218-20 (which does not mention Oria), and Durán, A. ‘El monasterio cisterciense femenino de Santa María de Casbas’, Miscelánea Xunzunegui, I (Vitoria, 1975), p. 5.

[575] Santiago ‘Los Entenza’ (1914), pp. 218-23.

[576] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35).

[577] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 281, p. 651.

[578] Marquès i Planagunà, J. M. (ed.) (1986) El cartoral de Santa Maria de Roses (segles X-XIII) (Barcelona) (“Santa Maria de Roses”), 13, p. 39.

[579] Altisent, A. (ed.) (1993) Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet Vol. I 960-1177 (Barcelona) ("Santa Maria de Poblet") 389, p. 293.

[580] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 5/35), citing “Academia de la Historia, Madrid, Colección de Salazar, pergamino original, M83, n^o. 11”.

[581] Marquès, J. M. (ed.) (1997) Collecció diplomàtica de Sant Daniel de Girona (924-1300) (Barcelona) (“Girona Sant Daniel”), 65, p. 127.

[582] Delaville Le Roulx, J. (1894) Cartulaire général de l’ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem, Tome 1 (Paris), 477, p. 328.

[583] Delaville Le Roulx (1894) Cartulaire général des Hospitaliers, Tome 1, 500, p. 343.

[584] Santa Maria de Roses, 5, p. 33.

[585] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 5/35 in the digitised download).

[586] Olcoz Yanguas ‘Cuatro Lope López’ (2018), p. 252.

[587] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 309, p. 534.

[588] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 282, p. 651 (similar charter 283, p. 652).

[589] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 169, 170, 171, pp. 564-6.

[590] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 174, 179, 182, 190, 196, 197, pp. 567-75, 581, 586-7.

[591] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 185, 186, p. 578.

[592] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 187, p. 579.

[593] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 212, 213, pp. 595-6.

[594] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 218, 220, 221, pp. 600-3.

[595] Ubieto Arteta (1980), p. 35 (dating), Texto B, (255), p. 75.

[596] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 223, p. 604.

[597] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 224, p. 605.

[598] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 228, p. 608.

[599] Ubieto Arteta (1980), p. 34 (dating), Texto A, (173), p. 61, and p. 35 (dating), Texto B. (039), p. 66.

[600] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 15/35), footnote 95 continued from 14/35.

[601] D’Albon, Marquis (1913) Cartulaire général de l’Ordre du Temple 1119?-1150 (Paris), CCCXXXI, p. 216.

[602] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 14/35), footnote 92.

[603] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 14/35).

[604] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 15/35).

[605] Ubieto Arteta (1980) p. 34 (dating), Texto A, (217), p. 63.

[606] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 250, p. 626.

[607] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 16/35).

[608] Rubio (1965/66), 105, p. 291.

[609] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 17/35).

[610] Miret i Sans (1910), pp. 159, 322.

[611] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 17/35), citing “ACA, Varia 2 de Alfonso II, f^o 31”.

[612] Gargallo Moya, Iranzo Muñío, Sánchez Usón (1985) Temple de Huesca, 109, p. 111.

[613] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 19/35).

[614] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35, 6/35), citing “AHP Huesca, ES/AHPHU – CASBAS/0016 et 0017. Publié in Documentos de Casbas, n^o. 7, p. 17”.

[615] Gargallo Moya, Iranzo Muñío, Sánchez Usón (1985) Temple de Huesca, 109, p. 111.

[616] Gargallo Moya, Iranzo Muñío, Sánchez Usón (1985) Temple de Huesca, 109, p. 111.

[617] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 6/35), footnote 41.

[618] Ubieto Arteta (1980), Texto B, p. 35.

[619] Ubieto Arteta (1980), Texto B, (337), p. 77.

[620] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 16/35).

[621] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 16/35), citing Rubio (next note).

[622] Rubio, L. (1965/66) Los documentos del Pilar, Siglo XII (Zaragoza), 60, p. 260, available at <https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/05/30/06rubio.pdf> (14 Apr 2024).

[623] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 16/35).

[624] Rubio (1965/66), 105, p. 291.

[625] Gargallo Moya, Iranzo Muñío, Sánchez Usón (1985) Temple de Huesca, 18, p. 22.

[626] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 6/35), footnote 40.

[627] Figuière (2023) Comtesses et vicomtesses…Oria et Jusiana, (no page numbers, 4/35, 6/35), citing “AHP Huesca, ES/AHPHU – CASBAS/0016 et 0017. Publié in Documentos de Casbas, n^o. 7, p. 17”.

[628] San Andrés de Fanlo, 30, p. 358.

[629] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 111, p. 105.

[630] San Andrés de Fanlo, 31, p. 359.

[631] Leire 53, p. 89.

[632] Leire 58, p. 94.

[633] Leire 69, p. 107.

[634] San Andrés de Fanlo, 36, p. 362.

[635] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 5, p. 478.

[636] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 137, p. 158.

[637] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 6, p. 478.

[638] San Andrés de Fanlo, 31, p. 359.

[639] San Andrés de Fanlo 27, p. 357.

[640] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 12, p. 20.

[641] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 13, p. 22.

[642] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 23, p. 40.

[643] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 24, p. 42.

[644] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 34, p. 56.

[645] España Sagrada, Tomo XLVI (1836), V, p. 232.

[646] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 62, p. 89.

[647] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 74, p. 105.

[648] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 12, p. 20.

[649] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 23, p. 40.

[650] España Sagrada, Tomo XLVI (1836), V, p. 232.

[651] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 62, p. 89.

[652] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 74, p. 105.

[653] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 12, p. 20.

[654] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 13, p. 22.

[655] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 23, p. 40.

[656] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 53, p. 76.

[657] España Sagrada, Tomo XLVI (1836), V, p. 232.

[658] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 60, p. 86.

[659] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 62, p. 89.

[660] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 74, p. 105.

[661] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 68, p. 11.

[662] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 13, p. 22.

[663] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 23, p. 40.

[664] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 111, p. 105.

[665] San Andrés de Fanlo, 31, p. 359.

[666] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 62, p. 89.

[667] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 74, p. 105.

[668] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 20, p. 34.

[669] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 20, p. 34.

[670] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 24, p. 42.

[671] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 111, p. 105.

[672] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 53, p. 76.

[673] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 143, p. 166.

[674] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 143, p. 166.

[675] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 68, p. 11.

[676] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 68, p. 11.

[677] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 79, p. 47.

[678] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 68, p. 11.

[679] Ibarra Rodríguez (1913), Tomo II Documentos particulares (Zaragoza) 1. [MGM]

[680] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 79, p. 47.

[681] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 68, p. 11.

[682] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 79, p. 47.

[683] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 81, p. 51.

[684] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 34, p. 56.

[685] San Andrés de Fanlo, 32, p. 360.

[686] Ibarra Rodríguez (1913), Tomo II Documentos particulares (Zaragoza) 1. [MGM]

[687] España Sagrada, Tomo XLVI (1836), V, p. 232.

[688] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 60, p. 86.

[689] Santa Cruz de la Serós 4, p. 16.

[690] San Andrés de Fanlo, 59, p. 372.

[691] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 70, p. 100.

[692] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 70, p. 100.

[693] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 68, p. 11.

[694] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 34, p. 56.

[695] Ibarra Rodríguez (1913), Tomo II Documentos particulares (Zaragoza) 1. [MGM]

[696] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 68, p. 11.

[697] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 79, p. 47.

[698] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 68, p. 11.

[699] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 68, p. 11.

[700] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 79, p. 47.

[701] San Juan de la Peña, Vol. II, 68, p. 11.

[702] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 34, p. 56.

[703] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[704] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[705] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 53, p. 76.

[706] España Sagrada, Tomo XLVI (1836), V, p. 232.

[707] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 60, p. 86.

[708] Canellas López (1993), 34, p. 46.

[709] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 287, p. 514.

[710] Canellas López (1993), 97, p. 96.

[711] Ubieto Arteta (1951), 10, p. 220.

[712] Ubieto Arteta (1951), 12, p. 222.

[713] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 140, p. 163.

[714] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 140, p. 163.

[715] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 60, p. 86.

[716] Canellas López (1993), 34, p. 46.

[717] Canellas López (1993), 97, p. 96.

[718] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[719] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[720] Ubieto Arteta (1951), 3, p. 213.

[721] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 79, p. 110.

[722] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 81, p. 112.

[723] Ubieto Arteta (1951), 10, p. 220.

[724] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 90, p. 124.

[725] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[726] Leire 87, p. 132.

[727] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[728] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 60, p. 86.

[729] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 60, p. 86.

[730] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 60, p. 86.

[731] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 81, p. 112.

[732] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 140, p. 163.

[733] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 9, p. 481.

[734] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 143, p. 166.

[735] Ubieto Arteta (1951), 3, p. 213.

[736] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 81, p. 112.

[737] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 90, p. 124.

[738] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 96, p. 133.

[739] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 136, p. 156.

[740] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 137, p. 158.

[741] Ubieto Arteta (1951), 3, p. 213.

[742] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 81, p. 112.

[743] Ubieto Arteta (1951), 10, p. 220.

[744] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 90, p. 124.

[745] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 138, p. 160.

[746] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 293, p. 520.

[747] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 296, p. 523.

[748] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 9, p. 481.

[749] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 90, p. 124.

[750] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 140, p. 163.

[751] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 79, p. 110.

[752] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 90, p. 124.

[753] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 79, p. 110.

[754] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 90, p. 124.

[755] Leire 35, p. 66.

[756] San Andrés de Fanlo 23, p. 355, and 26, p. 356.

[757] Leire 31 and 32, pp. 61-3.

[758] Leire 33, p. 64.

[759] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[760] Leire 87, p. 132.

[761] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 54, p. 77.

[762] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 136, p. 156.

[763] Ubieto Arteta (1951), 20, p. 234.

[764] Pamplona 75, p. 96.

[765] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 136, p. 156.

[766] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 137, p. 158.

[767] San Andrés de Fanlo 94.

[768] Alaón, 308, p. 286.

[769] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 109, p. 513.

[770] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 128, p. 531.

[771] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 339, p. 561.

[772] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 360, p. 581.

[773] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 374, p. 591.

[774] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 138, p. 160.

[775] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 8, p. 480.

[776] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 9, p. 481.

[777] Ubieto Arteta (1951), 20, p. 234.

[778] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 140, p. 163.

[779] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 143, p. 166.

[780] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 131, p. 533.

[781] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 131, p. 533.

[782] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 131, p. 533.

[783] Ubieto Arteta (1980), p. 35 (dating), Texto B, (086), p. 69.

[784] Sobrarbe San Victorián, 143, p. 166.

[785] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 5, p. 478.

[786] García Turza, F. J. (ed.) (1985) Documentación medieval del monasterio de Valvanera (siglos XI a XIII) (Zaragoza) (“Valvanera”), 208, p. 191.

[787] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 6, p. 478.

[788] Valvanera, 208, p. 191.

[789] Valvanera, 208, p. 191.

[790] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 10, p. 482.

[791] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 19, p. 488.

[792] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 37, p. 503.

[793] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 167, p. 562.

[794] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 177, p. 570.

[795] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 177, p. 570.

[796] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 303, p. 530.

[797] Segovia Cathedral, 7, p. 50.

[798] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 349, p. 236.

[799] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 120, p. 523.

[800] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 349, p. 236.

[801] Pamplona 160, p. 153.

[802] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 26, p. 495.

[803] Villanueva, J. L. (1804) Viage Literario a las Iglesias de España (Madrid) (“Viage Literario”), Tome III, Apendice, X, p. 235.

[804] Castán Esteban, J. L. (2009) El final de los fueros de Teruel y Albarracín en el siglo XVI (CECAL), p. 22 footnote 24, quoting Historia de la Comunidad de Albarracín, inédita, año 1841 Archivo de la Comunidad de Albarracín, Adenda, Sección I, doc. 25.

[consulted at <cecalbarracin.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/libro_el_final_de_los_fueros.pdf> (18 Dec 2011)]

[805] Zurita, J. (1669) Anales de la Corona de Aragon (Zaragoza), Tome I, Lib. II, XXIX, p. 77.

[806] Castán Esteban (2009), p. 23.

[807] Castán Esteban (2009), p. 23.

[808] Valor Gisbert, D. ‘Los Azagra de Tudela’, Principe de Viana 24 (1963), p. 68.

[809] Ubieto Arteta (1980), p. 33 (dating), Texto A, (0060), p. 56.

[810] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. V (1952) 340, p. 562.

[811] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. II (1946) 92, p. 544.

[812] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947/48) 212, p. 595 (similar grants of other territories are made under 213, p. 596).

[813] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 215, p. 598.

[814] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 215, p. 598.

[815] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 346, p. 568.

[816] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 232, p. 611.

[817] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 359, p. 579.

[818] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 363, p. 582.

[819] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 372, p. 590.

[820] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 259, p. 633.

[821] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 260, p. 633.

[822] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 377, p. 593.

[823] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 262, p. 635.

[824] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 378, p. 594.

[825] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 379, p. 595.

[826] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 377, p. 593.

[827] Valor Gisbert, D. ‘Los Azagra de Tudela’, p. 67, citing González Miranda, M. & Ubieto Arteta A. (1953) Antecedentes familiares de don Pedro Ruiz de Azagra señor de Albarracín, separata de Teruel, num. 10 (Teruel), p. 12.

[828] Viage Literario, Tome III, Apendice, X, p. 235.

[829] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. II, XXIX, p. 77.

[830] Lizoain Garrido, J. M. (ed.) (1985) Documentación del Monasterio de las Huelgas de Burgos (1116-1230) (Burgos) ("Las Huelgas de Burgos (1985)"), 4, p. 8.

[831] Salazar y Castro, L. (1697) Historia genealogica de la casa de Lara (Madrid), Tomo III, Libro XVII, cap. VIII, p. 145.

[832] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IX, Biscaya, 11 p. 71.

[833] Annales Compostellani, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 323.

[834] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. II, XLI, p. 85.

[835] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. II, XLI, p. 85.

[836] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 266, p. 639.

[837] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. II, XLI, p. 85.

[838] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. II, XLI, p. 85.

[839] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 378, p. 594.

[840] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 346, p. 568.

[841] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 232, p. 611.

[842] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 246, p. 622.

[843] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 372, p. 590.

[844] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 378, p. 594.

[845] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 260, p. 633.

[846] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 262, p. 635.

[847] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 380, p. 596.

[848] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 264, p. 637.

[849] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 266, p. 639.

[850] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 386, p. 599.

[851] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 266, p. 639.

[852] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 386, p. 599.

[853] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro', Vol. III (1947-48) 266, p. 639.

[854] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 386, p. 599.

[855] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 386, p. 599.

[856] Lacarra 'Documentos para el estudio del Valle del Ebro’, Vol. V (1952) 386, p. 599.

[857] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. II, XLI, p. 85.

[858] RAH, Colección Salazar y Castro, M-8, fo 28 v y fo 48 (nos. 47004, 47051).

[859] Salazar y Castro, L. (1694) Pruebas de la Casa de Lara (Madrid) ("Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas"), p. 645.

[860] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 645.

[861] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVII, cap. VIII, pp. 145-6.

[862] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. II, XLI, p. 85.

[863] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 645.

[864] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVII, cap. VIII, p. 147.

[865] Viage Literario, Tome III, Apendice, II, p. 224.

[866] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVII, cap. VIII, p. 149.

[867] Yanguas y Miranda, J. (1840) Diccionario de antigüedades del reino de Navarra (Pamplona), Tomo II, p. 78, quoting "cart. 3, f. 137: caj. 2, n. 51".

[868] Viage Literario, Tome III, Apendice, IX, p. 233.

[869] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 646.

[870] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 647.

[871] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. X, Lara, 25, p. 82.

[872] Archivo Municipal de Albarracín. Sección I, núm. 1, ff. 8-11, microfilm copy at Archivo Histórico Provincial Teruel. It should be noted that Castán Esteban, (2009), p. 29 footnote 44 dates the grant to 1298 but it is clear from the text that this is the Spanish Era date.

[873] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. IV, XV, p. 241.

[874] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. IV, p. 271.

[875] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XXXII, p. 382.

[876] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XL, p. 390.

[877] Salazar y Castro (1697), Tomo III, Libro XVII, cap. VIII, p. 151.

[878] Estepa Díaz, C. Doña Juana Núñez y el señorío de los Lara, e-Spania 1 Jun 2006, p. 2, par. 6, citing Archivo General de Simancas, Diversos de Castilla, 551 [available at <httpt://e-spania.revues.org/index315.html#text> (15 Dec 2011)].

[879] Archivo Municipal de Albarracín. Sección I, núm. 1, ff. 8-11, microfilm copy at Archivo Histórico Provincial Teruel.

[880] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. III, CI, p. 227.

[881] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 646.

[882] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 646.

[883] Archivo Municipal de Albarracín. Sección I, núm. 1, ff. 8-11, microfilm copy at Archivo Histórico Provincial Teruel.

[884] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. III, C, p. 226.

[885] Pano, M. de ´Una boda aristocrática en el siglo XIII´, Ibarra, E. & Ribera, J. (eds.) Revista de Aragón, Vol. I (Zaragoza, 1900), p. 282.

[886] Menéndez Pidal, R. (1919) Documentos lingüísticos de España (Madrid), Tome I, 319, p. 427.

[887] Archivo Municipal de Albarracín. Sección I, núm. 1, ff. 8-11, microfilm copy at Archivo Histórico Provincial Teruel.

[888] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. I, p. 29 (second page).

[889] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. I, p. 31 (second page).

[890] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. I, p. 31 (second page).

[891] Palacios Sánchez, J. M. ‘El celebre y caballeroso linaje de los Luna…con el señorío de…Cornago’, Berceo, No. 98 (1980), p. 60, available at <dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/61638.pdf‎> (10 Feb 2014).

[892] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. I, p. 55 (second page).

[893] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. I, p. 31 (second page).

[894] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. I, p. 50 (first page).

[895] Palacios Sánchez ‘Luna’ (1980), p. 61.

[896] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. I, p. 55 (second page).

[897] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. I, p. 55 (second page).

[898] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. I, p. 55 (second page).

[899] Gargallo Moya, Iranzo Muñío, Sánchez Usón (1985) Temple de Huesca, 42, p. 44.

[900] Gargallo Moya, Iranzo Muñío, Sánchez Usón (1985) Temple de Huesca, 42, p. 44.

[901] Gargallo Moya, Iranzo Muñío, Sánchez Usón (1985) Temple de Huesca, 45, p. 46.

[902] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. III, LXXX, p. 203.

[903] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. IV, XI, p. 236.

[904] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. III, LXXX, p. 203.

[905] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XXIX, p. 379.

[906] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. IV, XI, p. 236.

[907] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XLIV, p. 395.

[908] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. IV, XXXII, p. 256.

[909] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 46 (first page).

[910] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 76 (second page).

[911] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XXXVII, p. 388.

[912] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 76 (second page).

[913] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 46 (first page).

[914] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 76 (second page).

[915] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, XXXVII, fol. 239 (first page).

[916] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques).

[917] Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 18. Copy of 25 Oct 1351. Also in Bibl. nat. Fr., D. Man., Coll. Doat, vol. [J. C. Chuat]

[918] Bibl. nat. Fr., D. Man., Coll. Doat, vol. 191, fo. 49. [J. C. Chuat]

[919] Bibl. nat. Fr., Dép. Man., Coll. Doat, tome 191, f° 195. [J. C. Chuat]

[920] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 111 (first page).

[921] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 76 (second page).

[922] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 82 (second page).

[923] Buchon, J. A. (trans.) (1827) Chronique de Ramon Muntaner (Paris), Tome II, CCXCV, p. 421.

[924] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, XXXI, fol. 228 (second page).

[925] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XXX, fol. 302 (first page).

[926] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, LXXVII, fol. 82 (second page).

[927] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 76 (second page).

[928] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XXX, fol. 302 (second page).

[929] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XXX, fol. 302 (second page).

[930] ES XIV 11.

[931] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, XXIX, fol. 224 (second page).

[932] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XXX, fol. 302 (second page).

[933] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XVI, fol. 363 (first page).

[934] La muerte en la Casa Real de Aragón (2018), 216, p. 207.

[935] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, LXXXIV, fol. 446 (first page).

[936] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XXX, fol. 302 (second page).

[937] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, IX, fol. 278 (second page).

[938] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XXIX, fol. 375 (second page).

[939] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XXX, fol. 302 (second page).

[940] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, L, fol. 405 (first page).

[941] Zurita (1669), Tome III, lib. XI, XII, fol. 10 (first page).

[942] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XXX, fol. 302 (second page).

[943] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XXX, fol. 302 (second page).

[944] Zurita (1669), Tome III, lib. XI, XII, fol. 10 (first page).

[945] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XXX, fol. 302 (second page).

[946] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XXX, fol. 302 (second page).

[947] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 111 (first page).

[948] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, XLVIII, fol. 138 (second page).

[949] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, IX, fol. 278 (second page).

[950] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. IV, CXXV, p. 351.

[951] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. IV, CXXV, p. 351.

[952] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. IV, CXXV, p. 351.

[953] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 46 (first page).

[954] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 46 (first page).

[955] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 46 (first page).

[956] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 46 (first page).

[957] Palacios Sánchez ‘Luna’ (1980), p. 60.

[958] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. I, p. 55 (second page).

[959] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. III, XLV, fol. 163 (second page).

[960] Otal y Valonga, F. de ‘Los Martínez de Luna, ricos hombres de sangre y naturaleza de Aragon’, Emblemata, 8 (2002), p. 16, no source citation.

[961] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XLIV, p. 395.

[962] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), Table between pp. 14-15, no source citation.

[963] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XXIX, p. 379.

[964] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), p. 16, no source citation.

[965] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 46 (first page).

[966] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 46 (first page).

[967] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XXIX, p. 379.

[968] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, XXIX, fol. 224 (second page).

[969] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XLIV, p. 395.

[970] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), p. 22.

[971] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), p. 22.

[972] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, L, fol. 251 (first page).

[973] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, LIII, fol. 408 (second page), fol. 409 (first page).

[974] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, L, fol. 251 (first page).

[975] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), p. 23.

[976] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XLI, fol. 313 (first page).

[977] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), p. 23.

[978] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), p. 23.

[979] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XLVIII, fol. 401 (second page).

[980] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, L, fol. 405 (first page).

[981] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), pp. 36-41.

[982] Zurita (1669), Tome III, lib. XII, LXXI, fol. 135 (second page).

[983] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XLVIII, fol. 401 (second page).

[984] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), pp. 25-8.

[985] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XLVIII, fol. 401 (second page).

[986] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XLI, fol. 313 (first page).

[987] La muerte en la Casa Real de Aragón (2018), 248, p. 245.

[988] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, XLI, fol. 313 (first page).

[989] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, LIII, fol. 408 (second page), fol. 409 (first page).

[990] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, XLIV, p. 395.

[991] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, XL, fol. 131 (first page).

[992] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, fol. 46 (first page).

[993] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), Table between pp. 14-15, 17.

[994] López de Ayala, P. (1779) Crónicas de los reyes de Castilla (Madrid), Tome I, Crónica del rey don Pedro, Año Decimo, Cap. XXII, p. 290.

[995] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, I, fol. 351 (second page), fol. 352 (first page).

[996] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, I, fol. 351 (second page).

[997] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XXVIII, fol. 375 (first page).

[998] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, L, fol. 405 (first page).

[999] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, LXIX, fol. 432 (first page).

[1000] Zurita (1669), Tome III, lib. XI, XII, fol. 10 (first page).

[1001] Zurita (1669), Tome III, lib. XII, LXXI, fol. 135 (first page).

[1002] Zurita (1669), Tome III, lib. XII, LXXI, fol. 135 (second page).

[1003] Zurita (1669), Tome III, lib. XII, LXXI, fol. 135 (second page).

[1004] Zurita (1669), Tome III, lib. XII, LXXI, fol. 135 (second page).

[1005] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), p. 20.

[1006] Zurita (1669), Tome III, lib. XI, XII, fol. 10 (first page).

[1007] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), p. 18.

[1008] Zurita (1669), Tome III, lib. XII, LXXI, fol. 135 (second page).

[1009] Otal y Valonga ‘Los Martínez de Luna’ (2002), p. 18.

[1010] López de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Crónica del rey don Pedro, Año Decimo, Cap. XXII, p. 290.

[1011] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. IX, LIV, fol. 331 (first page).

[1012] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, I, fol. 351 (second page).

[1013] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, I, fol. 351 (second page), fol. 352 (first page).

[1014] López de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Crónica del rey don Pedro, Año Decimo, Cap. XXII, p. 290.