This document sets out the nobility in northern Italy from the 12th century. Earlier nobility is shown in the companion documents NORTHERN ITALY (1), and nobility from the 14th century in the document NORTHERN ITALY (3). The cut-off date between the three documents is inevitably approximate. The composition of northern Italy changed significantly during the course of the 12th century. The Savoy family had established themselves in Piemonte and Aosta, the marchesi di Monferrato and their connections in Liguria, while much of the southern part of the region was consolidated under the rule of Matilda Ctss of Tuscany. The island of Sardinia developed separately and was divided into four areas each ruled by a different family of hereditary judges.

After the death of Matilda Ctss of Tuscany in 1115, suzerainty over her lands was disputed by the church and the German emperors. The territories fragmented and new local rulers emerged in many of the counties which she had controlled. Imperial authority in northern Italy had weakened by the mid-12th century, enabling the northern Lombard cities to increase their local autonomy, which was formalised in the Treaty of Konstanz agreed in 1183 by Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa". A single local dynasty was never able to establish control over all of northern Italy, as each city developed its own system of administration under its own separate leadership. Towards the end of the 12th and early 13th centuries, control over many of the cities in Tuscany and Veneto passed to elected or appointed consules. The sources show that their appointments normally lasted for only one year. In some cases, the local bishops also retained some temporal responsibility. The previously ruling comital families maintained some influence during the earlier part of this period, although by the mid-13th century many of them had been expelled from the territories which their families had previously governed.

A further change can be observed from the 13th century onwards. In each city, one or two ruling families started to emerge as the leading force in local politics. Often adopting the title "captain-general" or something similar, they replaced the consules. Their positions became hereditary over time. In some cases, the families adopted comital titles and spread their jurisdiction outside their cities.

The nobility in the Carniola/Friulia/Istria area in north-western Italy is shown in the document CARINTHIA.

Chapter 1. COUNTIES in EMILIA ROMAGNA

The present-day Italian region of Emilia Romagna is located south of Lombardia and Veneto, and north of Toscana and Marche, in the central part of northern Italy. Currently the region is divided administratively into the provinces of Piacenza, Parma, Reggio Emilia and Modena, in the western Emilia half, and Bologna, Ferrara, Ravenna, Forlì and Rimini in Romagna. The medieval counties of Pallavicino, Modena, Parma, Piacenza and Reggio were located in Emilia, and Bologna and Ferrara in Romagna. Other medieval counties identified in the region are Aucia, Cervia (Ficocle), Cesena, Comacchio, Correggio, Forlí, Forlimpopoli, Imola, Modigliana, Rimini, Sarsina and Valle Lamone, but no information has yet been found on their counts.

A. CONTI di CARPEGNA

1. UGO (-after 2 Sep 1232). Conte di Carpegna. "Dns Ugo comes de Carpigno…pro se et fre suo dono Rainerio eorumque filiis et herdibus" submitted their land to the commune of Rimini by charter dated 2 Sep 1232[1].

2. RANIERI di Carpegna (-after 2 Sep 1232). A charter dated 28 Sep 1228 records an agreement between "dnm Bonucomitem pro se et Dadeo fre suo et dnm Rainerium de Capigno…civit Urbini" and the city of Rimini[2]. "Dns Ugo comes de Carpigno…pro se et fre suo dono Rainerio eorumque filiis et herdibus" submitted their land to the commune of Rimini by charter dated 2 Sep 1232[3]. m ---. The name of Ranieri’s wife is not known. Ranieri & his wife had two children:

a) GUIDO (-after 10 Sep 1232). A supplement, dated 10 Sep, to a charter dated 2 Sep 1232 records that "Rainerius comes de Carpigno e Guido e Rainerio suoi figli" confirmed the grant by "Dns Ugo comes de Carpigno…pro se et fre suo dono Rainerio eorumque filiis et herdibus" to the commune of Rimini[4]. Conte di Carpegna. "…Dno Guidone comite de Carpinyo" is named as present in a charter dated 21 Jan 1252 which records a commitment made by representatives of the bishop of Rimini to the commune of Rimini and "nobilem vicarum dnum Thadeum comitem Montisferetri"[5]. m BEATRICE, daughter of --- (-after 28 Aug 1269). "Dna Beatricis uxor q. Dni Guidonis comitis de Glazolo" acting in the name of "legatorum sibi relictorum a d. viro suo et a filiis suis Raynerio et Uberto comitibus quos habuit ex d. viro suo" and "filiæ dicti Dni Guidonis Dna Manentessa uxor Dni Guidonis comitis Montisferetri, ipso viro suo præsente" and "Dna Sapia" and "Dna Orabilis, sive Beatrisia, filia q. dicti Dno Comitis Uberti" ceded "castris…Glazoli, Cluserculi, Vallispondi, Seguni, Sambugheti, MontisVecli, Montis Puzzoli, Valdarchæ, Ustiglani, Meldulæ, Mustiloæ et Lajolæ" to "Dno Ludovico filio q. Dni Raynaldi de Caminatis" by charter dated 28 Aug 1269[6]. Guido & his wife had [four] children:

i) RANIERI (-before 28 Aug 1269). "Dna Beatricis uxor q. Dni Guidonis comitis de Glazolo" acting in the name of "legatorum sibi relictorum a d. viro suo et a filiis suis Raynerio et Uberto comitibus quos habuit ex d. viro suo" and "filiæ dicti Dni Guidonis Dna Manentessa uxor Dni Guidonis comitis Montisferetri, ipso viro suo præsente" and "Dna Sapia" and "Dna Orabilis, sive Beatrisia, filia q. dicti Dno Comitis Uberti" ceded "castris…Glazoli, Cluserculi, Vallispondi, Seguni, Sambugheti, MontisVecli, Montis Puzzoli, Valdarchæ, Ustiglani, Meldulæ, Mustiloæ et Lajolæ" to "Dno Ludovico filio q. Dni Raynaldi de Caminatis" by charter dated 28 Aug 1269[7].

ii) UBERTO (-before 28 Aug 1269). "Dna Beatricis uxor q. Dni Guidonis comitis de Glazolo" acting in the name of "legatorum sibi relictorum a d. viro suo et a filiis suis Raynerio et Uberto comitibus quos habuit ex d. viro suo" and "filiæ dicti Dni Guidonis Dna Manentessa uxor Dni Guidonis comitis Montisferetri, ipso viro suo præsente" and "Dna Sapia" and "Dna Orabilis, sive Beatrisia, filia q. dicti Dno Comitis Uberti" ceded "castris…Glazoli, Cluserculi, Vallispondi, Seguni, Sambugheti, MontisVecli, Montis Puzzoli, Valdarchæ, Ustiglani, Meldulæ, Mustiloæ et Lajolæ" to "Dno Ludovico filio q. Dni Raynaldi de Caminatis" by charter dated 28 Aug 1269[8]. m ---. The name of Uberto’s wife is not known. Uberto & his wife had one child:

(a) ORABILIA [Beatrice] (-after 28 Aug 1269). "Dna Beatricis uxor q. Dni Guidonis comitis de Glazolo" acting in the name of "legatorum sibi relictorum a d. viro suo et a filiis suis Raynerio et Uberto comitibus quos habuit ex d. viro suo" and "filiæ dicti Dni Guidonis Dna Manentessa uxor Dni Guidonis comitis Montisferetri, ipso viro suo præsente" and "Dna Sapia" and "Dna Orabilis, sive Beatrisia, filia q. dicti Dno Comitis Uberti" ceded "castris…Glazoli, Cluserculi, Vallispondi, Seguni, Sambugheti, MontisVecli, Montis Puzzoli, Valdarchæ, Ustiglani, Meldulæ, Mustiloæ et Lajolæ" to "Dno Ludovico filio q. Dni Raynaldi de Caminatis" by charter dated 28 Aug 1269[9].

iii) MANENTESSA (-after 28 Aug 1269). "Dna Beatricis uxor q. Dni Guidonis comitis de Glazolo" acting in the name of "legatorum sibi relictorum a d. viro suo et a filiis suis Raynerio et Uberto comitibus quos habuit ex d. viro suo" and "filiæ dicti Dni Guidonis Dna Manentessa uxor Dni Guidonis comitis Montisferetri, ipso viro suo præsente" and "Dna Sapia" and "Dna Orabilis, sive Beatrisia, filia q. dicti Dno Comitis Uberti" ceded "castris…Glazoli, Cluserculi, Vallispondi, Seguni, Sambugheti, MontisVecli, Montis Puzzoli, Valdarchæ, Ustiglani, Meldulæ, Mustiloæ et Lajolæ" to "Dno Ludovico filio q. Dni Raynaldi de Caminatis" by charter dated 28 Aug 1269[10]. m GUIDO da Montefeltro Conte di Montefeltro, son of MONTEFELTRANO da Montefeltro & his wife --- (-1298).

iv) [SAPIA (-after 28 Aug 1269). "Dna Beatricis uxor q. Dni Guidonis comitis de Glazolo" acting in the name of "legatorum sibi relictorum a d. viro suo et a filiis suis Raynerio et Uberto comitibus quos habuit ex d. viro suo" and "filiæ dicti Dni Guidonis Dna Manentessa uxor Dni Guidonis comitis Montisferetri, ipso viro suo præsente" and "Dna Sapia" and "Dna Orabilis, sive Beatrisia, filia q. dicti Dno Comitis Uberti" ceded "castris…Glazoli, Cluserculi, Vallispondi, Seguni, Sambugheti, MontisVecli, Montis Puzzoli, Valdarchæ, Ustiglani, Meldulæ, Mustiloæ et Lajolæ" to "Dno Ludovico filio q. Dni Raynaldi de Caminatis" by charter dated 28 Aug 1269[11]. The document does not specify Sapia’s parentage, but the wording suggests that she may have been the younger sister of Manentessa, presumably unmarried at the time.]

b) RANIERI (-after 10 Sep 1232). A supplement, dated 10 Sep, to a charter dated 2 Sep 1232 records that "Rainerius comes de Carpigno e Guido e Rainerio suoi figli" confirmed the grant by "Dns Ugo comes de Carpigno…pro se et fre suo dono Rainerio eorumque filiis et herdibus" to the commune of Rimini[12].

B. PALLAVICINI

1. OBERTO Pallavicini, son of OBERTO & his wife --- (-1148)

2. OBERTO Pallavicini (-Castro Gifalgio May 1269, bur Gifalgio). Marchese Pallavicini. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Obertus Palavicinus vicarius…imperatoris Frederici" destroyed "Pontremulenses" in 1241[13]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Obertus Marchio Pelavicinus" was made "Potestas Mediolani…et in Potestatem Placentiæ" in 1252, and in 1255 destroyed "castra…Grintorto, de Arcellis, de Groppo, de Pigazano, de Ripalta, de Rivalgario, de Cagnano, de Travano, de Bubiano, muros Vallis Tarii, et Castra Gonzanengullis et Montis-Sancti et alia loca" in 1255[14]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Obertus Marchio Pelavicinus" entered "Cremam" in 1258 with the commune of Cremona and troops from Bologna[15]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Obertus Pelavicinus" entered Piacenza in 1261 and installed "Dominum Vicecomitem Pelavicinum nepotem suum" there[16]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Ubertus Marchio Pelavicinus" died in May 1269 "in castro suo Gyfaligii" and was buried there[17]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Ubertus Marchio Pelavicinus" was succeeded by "filium unum Manfredum et tres filias" who were under the guardianship of "Dominorum Ubertini et Vicecomitis Pelavicini nepotum suorum"[18]. m ---. The name of Oberto’s wife is not known. Oberto & his wife had five children:

a) --- Pallavicini (-before 1269). m as her first husband, MARGHERITA di Monferrato, daughter of GUGLIELMO VII Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Isabel de Clare (-1286). The Chronicon Astense records that "Guilielmus Marchio Montisferrati…Margaritam filiam eius…annorum VII" married "filio Pelavicini" after whose death she married "filio Alfonsi Regis Hispaniæ"[19]. She married secondly (1281) as his first wife, Infante don Juan de Castilla Señor de Campo.

b) MANFREDO Pallavicini . Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Ubertus Marchio Pelavicinus" was succeeded by "filium unum Manfredum et tres filias" who were under the guardianship of "Dominorum Ubertini et Vicecomitis Pelavicini nepotum suorum"[20].

c) three daughters . Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Ubertus Marchio Pelavicinus" was succeeded by "filium unum Manfredum et tres filias" who were under the guardianship of "Dominorum Ubertini et Vicecomitis Pelavicini nepotum suorum"[21].

3. --- Pallavicini . m ---. One child:

a) UBERTINO Pallavicini . Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Ubertus Marchio Pelavicinus" was succeeded by "filium unum Manfredum et tres filias" who were under the guardianship of "Dominorum Ubertini et Vicecomitis Pelavicini nepotum suorum"[22].

4. --- Pallavicini . m ---. One child:

a) --- Pallavicini . Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Obertus Pelavicinus" entered Piacenza in 1261 and installed "Dominum Vicecomitem Pelavicinum nepotem suum" there[23]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Ubertus Marchio Pelavicinus" was succeeded by "filium unum Manfredum et tres filias" who were under the guardianship of "Dominorum Ubertini et Vicecomitis Pelavicini nepotum suorum"[24]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Vicecomes Marchio Pelavicinus et Lanzalottus Angusola" were elected "Abbates et Rectores Populi et Communis Placentiæ" 26 Jun 1307[25].

5. GUGLIELMO Pallavicini (-Cremona 28 Dec 1284, bur Cremona cathedral). Marchese di Scipioni. m (after 1264) as her second husband, COSTANZA d’Este, widow of UMBERTO Conte di Maremma, daughter of AZZO [VII] Marchese d’Este Signore di Ferrara & his first wife Giovanna --- (-Ferrara after 1315). The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam names "domina Constantia filia Açonis marchioni Hestensis" as wife of "domni Guilielmus primogenitus…domni Pallavicin"[26]. Nun at Ferrara San Antonio, after her second husband died.

The connection between the Pallavicini families in northern Italy and Greece has not yet been established:

Two brothers:

1. GUIDO Pallavicini (-after 2 May 1237). He was invested with the fief of Boudonitza in Greece and built the castle on his land[27]. Marchese of Boudonitza. m SIBYLLE, daughter of ---. Guido & his wife had three children:

- MARCHESI di BOUDONITZA.

2. RUBINO Pallavicini . m ---. The name of Rubino’s wife is not known. Rubino & his wife had one child:

- MARCHESI di BOUDONITZA.

C. PIACENZA

1. ALBERTO [I] Scoto (-after 1314). Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Albertus Scotus" was installed as "dominum civitatis Placentiæ" by "Dominus Albertus de Fontana"[28]. Signor di Piacenza. The Annales Mediolanenses record that "Albertus Scotus Dominus civitatis Placentiæ" took part in the rebellion against "Matthæum Vicecomitem Dominum civitatis Mediolani" in 1302 and entered Milan[29]. The Annales Mediolanenses record that Matteo [I] Visconti Lord of Milan deprived "Albertus Scotus" of the lordship of Piacenza in 1314[30]. m ---. The name of Alberto's wife is not known. Alberto & his wife had one child:

a) FRANCISCO Scoto (-after 1336). Signor di Piacenza. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Franciscus Scotus Domini Alberti" was replaced in "dominium Placentiæ" by "Domino Azoni Vicecomiti" in 1336, adding that the Milanese held the city until 1400[31]. m ---. The name of Francisco’s wife is not known. Francisco & his wife had one child:

i) CRISTOFORO Scoto (-before 1394). His parentage is confirmed by Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum which records that his son "Dominus Franciscus Scotus filius quondam Domini Christophori Scoti quondam filii Domini Francisci Scoti Militis, filii quondam Domini Alberti Scoti Militis…" was knighted in 1394[32]. m ---. The name of Cristoforo’s wife is not known. Cristoforo & his wife had one child:

(a) FRANCISCO Scoto . Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Franciscus Scotus filius quondam Domini Christophori Scoti quondam filii Domini Francisci Scoti Militis, filii quondam Domini Alberti Scoti Militis, qui Dominus Albertus et Franciscus eius filius fuerunt Domini civitatis Placentiæ" was knighted in 1394[33].

D. PESARO, RIMINI (MALATESTA)

The charters reproduced by Tonini demonstrate a dual system of government in the city of Rimini during the early 13th century, with both the commune of Rimini and also the "podestà" of Rimini acting in different capacities[34]. It does not appear that the podestà acted in the name of, or headed, the commune, although the precise relationship between the two is not apparent from the documentation. In common with other northern Italian cities, a third element is also present in the administration. The local counts were the conti di Carpegna, who submitted their land to the commune of Rimini by charter dated 2 Sep 1232[35]. However, the comital family retained some degree of status in the city, at least for a few years, as demonstrated by a charter dated 21 Jan 1252 which names "Dno Guidone comite de Carpinyo" among those present at a commitment made by representatives of the bishop of Rimini to the commune of Rimini[36]. This arrangement appears similar to the one which prevailed in Verona, as discussed below. In common with other northern Italian cities, a prominent local family emerged as leader of Rimini during the course of the 13th and early 14th centuries: the family Malatesta are recorded as having settled in Rimini in 1216 (see below, Part B.) and are named regularly in subsequent documents. The pre-eminence of their leadership in Rimini was not unchallenged at that time: the Montefeltro family from Urbino are also recorded in documentation relating to Rimini and, in 1265, Taddeo Conti di Montefeltro is named as podestà of the city[37]. By the early 1260s, Malatesta [III] enjoyed a position of some power, as demonstrated by the Pope writing several times to him direct. It is possible that Malatesta was able to profit from the enmity between the Montefeltro family and the Pope to consolidate his position in Rimini: Pope Martin IV described Guido da Montefeltro as "persecutorem Romanæ eccliæ" in a charter dated 9 Oct 1281[38]. Rimini was incorporated into the Papal States in 1528.

1. MALATESTA [I] (-before 28 Aug 1210). m ALABURGA, daughter of --- (-after 28 Aug 1210). "Malatesta qndam filii Malateste cum matre mea dna Alaburga" donated property to Mazaferro, with the consent of "uxore mea dna Adalasia", by charter dated 28 Aug 1210[39]. Malatesta & his wife had [three] children:

a) GIOVANNI [I] Malatesta (-after 18 Mar 1216). "Dni Johes Malatesta et Malatesta" promised "dno Ottoni de Mandello Pot Arim" [Podestà di Rimini] to settle at Rimini "cum tota sua familia" by charter dated 18 Mar 1216[40].

b) MALATESTA [II] della Penna (-1248). "Malatesta qndam filii Malateste cum matre mea dna Alaburga" donated property to Mazaferro, with the consent of "uxore mea dna Adalasia", by charter dated 28 Aug 1210[41]. "Dni Johes Malatesta et Malatesta" promised "dno Ottoni de Mandello Pot Arim" [Podestà di Rimini] to settle at Rimini "cum tota sua familia" by charter dated 18 Mar 1216[42]. m ADALASIA, daughter of ---. "Malatesta qndam filii Malateste cum matre mea dna Alaburga" donated property to Mazaferro, with the consent of "uxore mea dna Adalasia", by charter dated 28 Aug 1210[43].

c) [RAMBERTO Malatesta (-before 14 Jan 1276). The document quoted below names "Dni Ramberti Malateste" as father of Giovanni, presumably. This could indicate that Ramberto’s father was either Malatesta [I] or Malatesta [II].] m ---. The name of Ramberto’s wife is not known. Ramberto & his wife had one child:

i) GIOVANNI (-after 21 Feb 1287). A proxy dated 14 Jan 1276 names "nobilis militis Dni Malatestæ de Veruclo et Pauli filii ipsius Dni Malatestæ…de comitatu Feretrano…Dno Guidone comite Montisferetri et Dno Joanne quondam Dni Ramberti Malateste"[44]. A charter dated 21 Feb 1287 names "Dnus Malatesta de Viruculo dnus Joes dni Ramberti de Malatestis et Johes et Maletestinus filii d. dni Malateste" as proxies to negotiate peace with "dnis fratres Albrigo, Ugolino eius filio, et Franco q. dni Alberghici de Manfredis"[45].

The charters quoted below show that Malatesta [III] was the grandson of Malatesta [I] but do not name his father. The fact that he named his oldest known son Giovanni suggests that he may have been the son of Giovanni [I].

1. MALATESTA [III] da Verrucchio ([1212]-Rimini 1312). Filippo Bishop of Rimini granted "castrum Glazolum" {Ghiaggiolo} to "Malatestæ de Veruculo de Arimino tuisque filiis et nepotibus" by charter dated 15 Mar 1263, in the presence of "Dño Azzo comite Bagnacaualli…"[46]. Podestà di Rimini. A bull of Pope Urban IV dated 23 Jul 1263 records the intercession of "nobilis vir Malatesta de Veruculo Potestas Ariminensis"[47]. Pope Urban IV confirmed privileges to "nobili viro Malateste et Concordie uxori eius civibus Ariminen." assumed by "quondam --- patrem tuum fili. M. per rapinam et alios modos illicitos" by charter dated 6 Nov 1263[48]. Pope Urban IV granted privileges relating to the church of Romagna to "Malatesta et Johes ac Paulus filii eius cives Ariminen." by charter dated 9 Feb 1264[49]. Pope Clement IV gave news of the victory of Charles King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] at Lago Fucino to "nob. viro Malateste de Veruculo et comiti Matheo de Montefiltro" by charter dated 26 Aug 1268[50]. A proxy dated 14 Jan 1276 names "nobilis militis Dni Malatestæ de Veruclo et Pauli filii ipsius Dni Malatestæ…de comitatu Feretrano…Dno Guidone comite Montisferetri et Dno Joanne quondam Dni Ramberti Malateste"[51]. A charter dated Oct 1285 records a lawsuit brought by "Magnificus Dns Malatesta de Veruculo potas Arimin" against "Phylipucium bastardum qdam dni Thadei comitis…Coradi filii qdm supracscripti dni Thadei comitis"[52]. m firstly CONCORDIA, daughter of --- (-[6 Nov 1263/1265]). Pope Urban IV confirmed privileges to "nobili viro Malateste et Concordie uxori eius civibus Ariminen." assumed by "quondam --- patrem tuum fili. M. per rapinam et alios modos illicitos" by charter dated 6 Nov 1263[53]. m secondly (contract 25 Jul 1266) MARGHERITA Paltonieri, daughter of PANDOLFO Paltonieri & his wife ---. The marriage contract between "Dns Malatesta de Verucolo civis Ariminensis" and "dna Margarita filia qdm dni Pantulfi filii qdm dni Piscis de Paltoneriis de Monte Silice" is dated 25 Jul 1266[54]. Malatesta [III] & his first wife had three children:

a) GIOVANNI [II] "lo Sciancato" Malatesta (-1304). Pope Urban IV granted privileges relating to the church of Romagna to "Malatesta et Johes ac Paulus filii eius cives Ariminen." by charter dated 9 Feb 1264[55]. A charter dated 21 Feb 1287 names "Dnus Malatesta de Viruculo dnus Joes dni Ramberti de Malatestis et Johes et Maletestinus filii d. dni Malateste" as proxies to negotiate peace with "dnis fratres Albrigo, Ugolino eius filio, et Franco q. dni Alberghici de Manfredis"[56]. Podestà di Pesaro 1294. m FRANCESCA da Polenta, daughter of --- (-murdered 1285). She was murdered by her husband for her suspected adultery with his brother Paolo. Giovanni [II] & [his wife] had one child:

i) GUIDO (-after 10 Jul 1298). Pope Boniface VIII conferred "la Pieve di S. Paola di Roncofreddo", vacant following the death of "Ramberti nati…filii…Malateste de Veruculo", on "Guidoni nato Johannes nati…filii…Malateste de Veruculo" by charter dated 10 Jul 1298[57].

b) PAOLO Malatesta (-murdered 1285). Pope Urban IV granted privileges relating to the church of Romagna to "Malatesta et Johes ac Paulus filii eius cives Ariminen." by charter dated 9 Feb 1264[58]. A proxy dated 14 Jan 1276 names "nobilis militis Dni Malatestæ de Veruclo et Pauli filii ipsius Dni Malatestæ…de comitatu Feretrano…Dno Guidone comite Montisferetri et Dno Joanne quondam Dni Ramberti Malateste"[59]. He was murdered by his brother Giovanni who suspected him of having committed adultery with his wife.

c) RAMBERTO Malatesta (-before 10 Jul 1298). Pope Boniface VIII conferred "la Pieve di S. Paola di Roncofreddo", vacant following the death of "Ramberti nati…filii…Malateste de Veruculo", on "Guidoni nato Johannes nati…filii…Malateste de Veruculo" by charter dated 10 Jul 1298[60].

Malatesta [III] & his second wife had three children:

d) MALATESTA [IV] dall’Ochio Malatesta (-1317). A charter dated 21 Feb 1287 names "Dnus Malatesta de Viruculo dnus Joes dni Ramberti de Malatestis et Johes et Maletestinus filii d. dni Malateste" as proxies to negotiate peace with "dnis fratres Albrigo, Ugolino eius filio, et Franco q. dni Alberghici de Manfredis"[61]. The Dominicans’ Acta Capituli Generalis apud Montempessulanum, celebrated 1316, record “suffragia pro vivis...pro dominis...Malatestino de Malatestis, Pandulpho fratre suo ac ceteris de dicta domo...”[62]. m (Papal dispensation 8 Aug 1288) AGNESE da Montefeltro, daughter of CORRADO da Montefeltro Conte di Montefeltro & his wife ---. Pope Nicholas IV issued a dispensation dated 8 Aug 1288 for the marriage of "Malatestini Nepotis…fil…Malateste de Verruculo" and "Agnetis nate…Conradi comitis Montisferetri" despite "quarto…consanguinitatis gradu"[63]. Malatesta & his wife had one child:

i) FERRANTINO Malatesta (-1353). Signore di Rimini. m ---. The name of Ferrantino’s wife is not known. Ferrantino & his wife had one child:

(a) MALATESTA Novello Malatesta (-1335). m POLENTESIA da Polenta, daughter of GUIDO Novello da Polenta & his wife Catarina Malabocca. Malatesta & his wife had one child:

(1) RENGARDA Malatesta . m FRANCESCO Manfredi, son of ALBERGHETTINO Manfredi & his wife Geltrude Belmonte (-1343).

e) PANDOLFO [I] Malatesta (-Rimini 6 Apr 1326, bur Rimini San Francesco). Signore di Pesaro. The Dominicans’ Acta Capituli Generalis apud Montempessulanum, celebrated 1316, record “suffragia pro vivis...pro dominis...Malatestino de Malatestis, Pandulpho fratre suo ac ceteris de dicta domo...”[64]. m TADDEA, daughter of ---. Pandolfo & his wife had two children:

- MALATESTA.

f) daughter ([1278/79]-). Pope Martin IV prohibited "nobili viro Malatestæ de Veruculo civi Ariminen" from betrothing "filia tua, quæ nondum duos annos complevit" to "Guidonem de Montefiltro persecutorem Romanæ eccliæ…uno ex ipsius Guidonis filiis" by charter dated 9 Oct 1281[65].

E. CONTI di URBINO, CONTI di MONTEFELTRO (MONTEFELTRO)

MONTEFELTRANO (-before 2 Dec 1216).

m ---. The name of Montefeltrano’s wife is not known.

Montefeltrano & his wife had two children:

1. BONCONTE da Montefeltro (-after [1236]). "Dns Bon’comes olim filii Monteferetrani…pro se et fratre suo dno Thadeo" acknowledged receipt of money from the commune of Rimini by charter dated 2 Dec 1216[66]. A charter dated 28 Sep 1228 records an agreement between "dnm Bonucomitem pro se et Dadeo fre suo et dnm Rainerium de Capigno…civit Urbini" and the city of Rimini[67]. Conte di Urbino. A charter dated 22 and 27 Sep 1233 records an agreement between, on the one side "dnm Carneleuarium de Pavia de imperiali mandato Rectorem roman." and the other the bishop of Rimini, "dnm Bonucomite Montisfeltri et Urbini comitis" and the commune of Rimini, relating to the war with Urbino[68]. m ---. The name of Bonconte’s wife is not known. Bonconte & his wife had two children:

a) TADDEO da Montefeltro (-after 21 Jan 1252). "Dnis Dadeo Bonicomitis…" [assumed to indicate that this Taddeo was the son of Bonconte] is named as present in a charter dated 2 Sep 1232 under which "Dns Ugo comes de Carpigno…pro se et fre suo dono Rainerio eorumque filiis et herdibus" submitted their land to the commune of Rimini[69]. Conte di Montefeltro. A charter dated 21 Jan 1252 records a commitment made by representatives of the bishop of Rimini to the commune of Rimini and "nobilem vicarum dnum Thadeum comitem Montisferetri"[70]. Pope Clement IV wrote to "nobili viro Taddeo comiti Feltren potestati Arimenen." dated 26 Oct 1265[71]. Pope Clement IV gave news of the victory of Charles King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] at Lago Fucino to "nob. viro Malateste de Veruculo et comiti Matheo de Montefiltro" by charter dated 26 Aug 1268[72]. m ---. The name of Taddeo’s wife is not known. Taddeo & his wife had two children:

i) CORRADO da Montefeltro (-[8 Aug 1288/8 Oct 1293]). Conte di Montefeltro. A charter dated Oct 1285 records a lawsuit brought by "Magnificus Dns Malatesta de Veruculo potas Arimin" against "Phylipucium bastardum qdam dni Thadei comitis…Coradi filii qdm supracscripti dni Thadei comitis"[73]. m ---. The name of Corrado’s wife is not known. Corrado & his wife had one child:

(a) AGNESE da Montefeltro . Pope Nicholas IV issued a dispensation dated 8 Aug 1288 for the marriage of "Malatestini Nepotis…fil…Malateste de Verruculo" and "Agnetis nate…Conradi comitis Montisferetri" despite "quarto…consanguinitatis gradu"[74]. m (Papal dispensation 8 Aug 1288) MALATESTA [IV] dall’Ochio Malatesta, son of MALATESTA [III] da Verrucchio & his second wife Margherita Paltonieri (-1317).

ii) TADDEO da Montefeltro (-after 18 May 1296). A charter dated 8 Oct 1293 records peace between "Tadeus natus condam dni Tadei comitis Montis feretri et Urbini" and "dno Malatesste de Vuclo eiusque filiis" following "malis opibus Coradi fris ipsius"[75]. Conte di Montefeltro, Conte di Urbino. "Dni Malateste de Veruclo" renewed proposals of friendship to "Tadeo nato dni Tadei Novelli condam comitis Motisferetri et Urbini" by charter dated 18 May 1296[76].

Taddeo had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

iii) FILIPPO (-after Oct 1285). A charter dated Oct 1285 records a lawsuit brought by "Magnificus Dns Malatesta de Veruculo potas Arimin" against "Phylipucium bastardum qdam dni Thadei comitis…Coradi filii qdm supracscripti dni Thadei comitis"[77].

b) MONTEFELTRANO da Montefeltro (-1255). "Dns Montefeltran" notified the appointment of "dnm Philippum suum judice suum vicarium" to "Hesio pot" [potestà di Rimini] by charter dated 17 Feb 1243[78]. Podestà di Urbino. m ---. The name of Montefeltrano’s wife is not known. Montefeltrano & his wife had one child:

i) GUIDO da Montefeltro (-1298). Conte di Montefeltro. A bull of Pope Boniface VIII dated 21 Mar 1296 ordered "Guidonis comitis Montisferetri" to release "Galassinum natum quondam Cignacte de Arimino"[79]. m MANENTESSA, daughter of GUIDO Conte di Ghiaggiolo & his wife Beatrice ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 28 Aug 1269 under which "Dna Beatricis uxor q. Dni Guidonis comitis de Glazolo", acting in the name of "legatorum sibi relictorum a d. viro suo et a filiis suis Raynerio et Uberto comitibus quos habuit ex d. viro suo", and "filiæ dicti Dni Guidonis Dna Manentessa uxor Dni Guidonis comitis Montisferetri, ipso viro suo præsente" and "Dna Sapia" and "Dna Orabilis, sive Beatrisia, filia q. dicti Dno Comitis Uberti" ceded "castris…Glazoli, Cluserculi, Vallispondi, Seguni, Sambugheti, MontisVecli, Montis Puzzoli, Valdarchæ, Ustiglani, Meldulæ, Mustiloæ et Lajolæ" to "Dno Ludovico filio q. Dni Raynaldi de Caminatis"[80]. Guido & his wife had two children:

(a) FEDERICO da Montefeltro (-after 1322). Conte di Urbino 1298-1322. He was expelled from Urbino.

- URBINO.

(b) son . Pope Martin IV prohibited "nobili viro Malatestæ de Veruculo civi Ariminen" from betrothing "filia tua, quæ nondum duos annos complevit" to "Guidonem de Montefiltro persecutorem Romanæ eccliæ…uno ex ipsius Guidonis filiis" by charter dated 9 Oct 1281[81].

2. TADDEO da Montefeltro (-after 28 Sep 1228). "Dns Bon’comes olim filii Monteferetrani…pro se et fratre suo dno Thadeo" acknowledged receipt of money from the commune of Rimini by charter dated 2 Dec 1216[82]. A charter dated 28 Sep 1228 records an agreement between "dnm Bonucomitem pro se et Dadeo fre suo et dnm Rainerium de Capigno…civit Urbini" and the city of Rimini[83].

Chapter 2. LIGURIA

A. MARCHESI di GAVI

GUIDO, son of ALBERTO detto Rufo & his wife Giuditta di Parma (-after 1060). Marchese. "Wido marchio filio b. m. Alberti qui fuit itemque marchio" donated property to the monastery of St Venerio by charter dated 1051[84]. "Wido marchio filio bone memorie Adhelberti qui fuit similiter marchio" donated property to the monastery of St Venerio by charter dated 1060[85].

GUIDO (-before 1172).

m ---. The name of Guido's wife is not known.

Guido & his wife had one child:

1. ALBERTO [I] (-before 1178). Marchese di Gavi. A charter dated 10 Dec 1172 records an agreement between the people of Alessandria and "Albertus marchio Gavii filius quondam Guidonis"[86]. “Albertus marchio de Gavi et Iohannes atque Guillielmus et Manfredus filii eius” confirmed holding fiefs from Genoa by charter dated 12 Apr 1173[87]. m ---. The name of Alberto's wife is not known. Alberto & his wife had four children:

a) GIOVANNI di Gavi (-before 1202). “Albertus marchio de Gavi et Iohannes atque Guillielmus et Manfredus filii eius” confirmed holding fiefs from Genoa by charter dated 12 Apr 1173[88]. Marchese di Gavi. m --- (-after 16 Sep 1202). The name of Giovanni's wife is not known. She is referred to but not named in the 16 Sep 1202 charter quoted below. Giovanni & his wife had [five] children:

i) GUIDO di Gavi (-before 16 Sep 1202). Marchese di Gavi. The Annales of Ogerio Panis name "marchiones…de Gavi, Albertus…et Wilielmus et Ranierius fratres…et filiis quondam Guidonis fratris eorum" in 1202[89].

- see below.

ii) ALBERTO [II] di Gavi (-after 1218). The Annales of Ogerio Panis name "marchiones…de Gavi, Albertus…et Wilielmus et Ranierius fratres…et filiis quondam Guidonis fratris eorum" in 1202[90]. Marchese di Gavi. “Albertus Guillielmus et Rainerius filii quondam Iohannis marchionis de Gavi pro nobis et matre nostra et nepotibus nostris filiis quondam Guidonis” settled their war with Genoa by charter dated 16 Sep 1202[91]. m ---. The name of Alberto's wife is not known. Alberto [II] & his wife had three children:

(a) MARIA . m UGO Embriaco, son of --- (-after 1229)

(b) FEDERICO di Gavi (-after 1278). Marchese di Gavi. m SIBILLA di Negro, daughter of ENRICO di Negro & his wife --- (-after 1251).

(1) ENRICO di Gavi (-after 1274). Marchese di Gavi.

(2) ANDREA (-after 1287). Arciprete di Viguzzolo, Canon of Tortona.

(c) ALBERTO [III] di Gavi (-[1269). Marchese di Gavi. m CARACOSA Malaspina, daughter of ALBERTO MORO Malaspina & his wife ---. Alberto [III] & his wife had [three] children:

(1) GUGLIELMO di Gavi (-after 1232). Marchese di Gavi. m LIA del Prete Zaccaria, daughter of --- (-after 1268)

(2) [LEONE .]

(3) [AGNESE (-after 1264). m LANFRANCO Doria, son of INGO Doria & his wife --- (-after 1264).]

iii) GUGLIELMO (-after 1210. The Annales of Ogerio Panis name "marchiones…de Gavi, Albertus…et Wilielmus et Ranierius fratres…et filiis quondam Guidonis fratris eorum" in 1202[92]. “Albertus Guillielmus et Rainerius filii quondam Iohannis marchionis de Gavi pro nobis et matre nostra et nepotibus nostris filiis quondam Guidonis” settled their war with Genoa by charter dated 16 Sep 1202[93]. m GUGLIELMA Pevere, daughter of --- (-after 1260). Ancestors of ---.

iv) RANIERO (-after 1208). The Annales of Ogerio Panis name "marchiones…de Gavi, Albertus…et Wilielmus et Ranierius fratres…et filiis quondam Guidonis fratris eorum" in 1202[94]. “Albertus Guillielmus et Rainerius filii quondam Iohannis marchionis de Gavi pro nobis et matre nostra et nepotibus nostris filiis quondam Guidonis” settled their war with Genoa by charter dated 16 Sep 1202[95].

v) [GHERARDO (-after 1178).]

b) GUGLIELMO di Gavi (-after 1198). “Albertus marchio de Gavi et Iohannes atque Guillielmus et Manfredus filii eius” confirmed holding fiefs from Genoa by charter dated 12 Apr 1173[96]. Marchese di Gavi.

c) MANFREDO di Gavi (-after 1181). “Albertus marchio de Gavi et Iohannes atque Guillielmus et Manfredus filii eius” confirmed holding fiefs from Genoa by charter dated 12 Apr 1173[97]. Marchese di Gavi.

d) ANSELMO di Gavi . Marchese di Gavi.

GUIDO di Gavi, son of GIOVANNI Marchese di Gavi & his wife --- (-before 1202). Marchese di Gavi.

m ---. The name of Guido's wife is not known.

Guido & his wife had two children:

1. GIOVANNI di Gavi (-before 1231). “Albertus Guillielmus et Rainerius filii quondam Iohannis marchionis de Gavi pro nobis et matre nostra et nepotibus nostris filiis quondam Guidonis” settled their war with Genoa by charter dated 16 Sep 1202[98]. Marchese di Gavi. m MARIA, daughter of --- (-after 1266). Giovanni & his wife had three children:

a) GIACOMO di Gavi (-before 1274). Marchese di Gavi. m ---. The name of Giacomo's wife is not known. Giacomo & his wife had one child:

i) ANDREA (-after 1291

b) MANFREDO di Gavi (-after 1289). Marchese di Gavi. m firstly AGNESE Spinola, daughter of LAMBERTO Spinola & his wife Isabella de Lacon-Gunale (-after 1253). m secondly VERDINA Grimaldi, daughter of LUCHETTO Grimaldi & his wife ---. Manfredo & his first wife had nine children:

i) PERCIVALLE di Gavi (-after 1295). Marchese di Gavi.

ii) LUCHETO (-after 1282).

iii) NICOLO (-after 1345).

iv) TARTARO (-after 1335).

v) GIACOMO (-after 1331).

vi) PAOLO (-after 1316).

vii) LEONE (-after 1304).

viii) TEDISIO (-after 1339).

ix) MARGHERITA .

c) CONTESSINA (-after 1256). m SIMONETTO Doria, son of --- (-before 1275)

2. OPIZZO [Oberto] di Gavi (-after 1233). Marchese di Gavi. m ---. The name of Opizzo's wife is not known. Opizzo & his wife had one child:

a) GIOVANNI di Gavi (-after 1292). Marchese di Gavi. m GIACOMA Usodimare, daughter of GIACOMO OTTONE Usodimare & his wife --- (-1250).

B. GENOA - CAMPO FREGOSO

Two brothers, the primary source which confirms their parentage has not been identified:

1. DOMENICO di Campo Fregoso (-1390). Doge of Genoa 1370, deposed 1378. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Domenico’s wife has not been identified. Domenico & his wife had children:

a) GIACOMO di Campo Fregoso (-1420). Doge of Genoa 1390, deposed 1391. The testament of Giacomo Fregoso is dated 27 Feb 1410[99]. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Giacomo’s wife has not been identified. Giacomo & his wife had children:

i) LEONARDO di Campo Fregoso . m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Leonardo’s wife has not been identified. Leonardo & his wife had two children:

(1) ISNARDO di Campo Fregoso (-after 20 Oct 1457). The testament of “dominus Cathalanus de Grimaldis, quondam...domini Johannis militis, Monaci dominus”, dated 4 Jan 1457, donated property to “capelle...sancti Bernardini...in territorio Nicie...infra terram...domini Isnardi de Campo Fregoso”, bequeathed property to “domino Guigo de Campo Fregoso potestati Monaci...”[100]. “Dominam Pomellinam de Grimaldis, relicta quondam...Johannis de Grimaldis dominamque Monachi” settled disputes relating to the testament of “quondam...dominum Cathalanum de Grimaldis...”, on the advice of “domini Ysnardi de Campo Fregoso eius fratris...”, by charter dated 20 Oct 1457[101]. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Isnardo’s wife has not been identified. Isnardo & his wife had [two children]:

(a) [GUIGO di Campo Fregoso . Saige says that Guigo and Giacopo di Campo Fregoso “seraient les fils d’Isnard, le frère de Pomelline”[102]. The testament of “dominus Cathalanus de Grimaldis, quondam...domini Johannis militis, Monaci dominus”, dated 4 Jan 1457, bequeathed property to “domino Guigo de Campo Fregoso potestati Monaci...”[103].]

(b) [GIACOPO di Campo Fregoso (-after 18 Apr 1477). Saige says that Guigo and Giacopo di Campo Fregoso “seraient les fils d’Isnard, le frère de Pomelline”[104]. m (before 3 Sep 1461) ANDIOLA Doria, daughter of GIOVANNI Doria & his wife Yolande Grimaldi (-after 18 Apr 1477). A letter dated 3 Sep 1461 from Lodovico di Campo Fregoso Doge of Genoa to Lambert Grimaldi Seigneur de Monaco records that Giacopo di Campo Fregoso had married “Andiola Doria fille de Yolandine Grimaldi, sœur de Lambert, et de Jean Doria des seigneurs d’Oneille”[105]. A charter dated 18 Apr 1477 related to payment of dowry by “Lamberto de’Grimaldi signor di Monaco” for “Violantina sua sorella maritata a Giovanni Doria del fu Bartolomeo de’signori d’Oneglia”, with the advice of “Luchino dei Conti di Ventimiglia consignore della Briga...e di Rainaldo di Villanova consignore de Venza...suoi parenti”, in the presence of “Giacomo di Campo fregoso ed Andiola Doria figlia dei predicti Giovanni Doria, e Violantina Grimalda sua moglie”[106].]

(2) POMELLINA di Campo Fregoso (-after Mar 1458). Saige indicates that Jean [I] married “très probablement en 1424”, bearing in mind that her son was given as a hostage in 1428[107]. “Pomellina uxor...Johannis de Grimaldis, quondam domini Rainieri” agreed a treaty with the Genoese for the defence of Monaco, naming “Thomas de Campo Fregoso...dux Januensium” and “dominus Ingo legum doctor ac Dorinus et Lucianus, omnes tres Grimaldi” as representatives, by charter dated 31 Jul 1437[108]. A charter dated 30 Jan 1438 records Thomas di Campo Fregoso Doge of Genoa requesting the king of Sicily to intervene with the duke of Milan regarding the imprisonment of “Johannes de Grimaldis propincus noster”, a copy addressed to “nepti nostre...Pomelline de Grimaldis”[109]. The testament of “dominus Joannes de Grimaldis dominus Monaci”, dated 5 Apr 1454, bequeathed property to “domine Pomelline de Campo Fregosio eiusdem domini testatoris uxori...”[110]. “Dominam Pomellinam de Grimaldis, relicta quondam...Johannis de Grimaldis dominamque Monachi” and “dominum Lambertum de Grimaldis Mentoni condominum” settled disputes relating to the testament of “quondam...dominum Cathalanum de Grimaldis...”, on the advice of “domini Ysnardi de Campo Fregoso eius fratris ac Anthonii de Grimaldis filii nobilis Johannis civis Nicie affinis sui”, by charter dated 20 Oct 1457[111]. Saige records that in Mar 1458 Pomellina di Campo Fregoso conspired to assassinate Lambert Grimaldi so her granddaughter Claudine Grimaldi could marry “Georges Grimaldi, le fils aîné de Jacques [de Beuil] seigneur de Massoins et petit-fils de Pierre baron de Beuil”, Saige noting that “Yolande Grimaldi de Beuil, sœur de Jacques, [était] mariée à Jacques de Valperga, le...chancelier de Savoie”[112]. m ([1424]) JEAN Seigneur de Monaco, son of RANIERI [II] Grimaldi Seigneur de Monaco et de Menton & his second wife Isabella --- (1382-8 May 1454).

2. PIETRO di Campofregoso (-1404). Doge of Genoa 1393, deposed. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Pietro’s wife has not been identified. Pietro & his wife had children:

a) TOMMASO di Campo Fregoso (-1453). Doge of Genoa 1415-1421, 1436-1437, 1437-1442. Filippo Maria Visconti Duke of Milan requested Jean Seigneur de Monaco to support the interests of “dominus Baptista de Campo Fregosio” against “Thoma eius fratre dux Januensium” by charter dated 27 Mar 1437[113].

b) BATTISTA di Campo Fregoso (-before 11 Feb 1445). Filippo Maria Visconti Duke of Milan requested Jean Seigneur de Monaco to support the interests of “dominus Baptista de Campo Fregosio” against “Thoma eius fratre dux Januensium” by charter dated 27 Mar 1437[114]. He is recorded as deceased in his son’s 11 Feb 1445 marriage contract. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Battista’s wife has not been identified. Battista & his wife had children:

i) PIETRO di Campo Fregoso (-1459). His parentage is confirmed by his marriage contract. Doge of Genoa 1450. Pietro di Campo Fregoso Doge of Genoa notified Pope Nicholas V that “Johannes de Grimaldis socer meus...[et] uxorem suam et socrum meam” were travelling to Rome by charter dated 30 Nov 1450[115]. m (contract 11 Feb 1445) BARTOLOMEE Grimaldi, daughter of JEAN [I] Seigneur de Grimaldi & his wife Pomellina Campo di Fregoso (-after 4 Jan 1457). The marriage contract between “dominum Perrinum de Campo Fregoso, quondam...domini Baptiste, cive Janue” and “dominam Bartholomeam filiam...domini Johannis de Grimaldis domini Monaci” is dated 11 Feb 1445[116]. The testament of “dominus Joannes de Grimaldis dominus Monaci”, dated 5 Apr 1454, named as substitute heir “dominam Bartholomeam filiam dicti domini testatoris...uxoremque...domini Jannuensis ducis...Petri de Campo Fregosio”[117]. The testament of “dominus Cathalanus de Grimaldis, quondam...domini Johannis militis, Monaci dominus”, dated 4 Jan 1457, appointed “dominam Bartholomeam ducissam uxorem...domini Petri de Campo Fregoso Janue ducis et sororem...Cathalani” as substitute heir[118].

1. LODOVICO di Campo Fregoso (-1489). Doge of Genoa 1448-1450, 1462-1463, 1478. A charter dated 18 Mar 1449 records another alliance between “Boruel de Grimaldis quondam domini Ingonis, procurator...militis domini Johannis de Grimaldis, quondam domini Rainerii” and “dominus Lodovicus de Campo Fregoso...dux Januensium” and the commune of Genoa[119]. “Ludovicus dux” wrote to “Lamberto de Grimaldis...Monaci” dated 12 Aug 1461[120].

C. GENOA - DORIA

1. ANSALDO Doria (-after 1163). m ---. The name of Ansaldo’s wife is not known. Ansaldo & his wife had two children:

a) ENRICO Doria (-after 20 Jul 1182). "Ribaldus Bissacia, Bissacius filius eius, Obertus Spinola, Henricus Auria, Henricus Delesalve, Rubaldus frater eius, Otto de Caffaro, Otto Pezulus, Bauduinus Comes, et Embriacetus filius quondam Ugonis Embriac, et Rubeus de Volta" witnessed the charter dated 20 Jul 1182 which records an agreement between the Republic of Genoa and "Henricus Marchio Saonæ…Marchiones Otto et Henricus filii Henrici Marchionis"[121].

b) SIMONE Doria (-after 1188). m ---. The name of Simone’s wife is not known. Simone & his wife had one child:

i) NICCOLÒ Doria (-after 1224). m GIACOMETTINA della Volta, daughter of ---. Niccolò & his wife had three children:

(a) EMMANUELE Doria (-before 6 Apr 1262).

- see below.

(b) LANFRANCO Doria (-[19 Feb 1251/15 Jun 1252]). “Bonefacius marchio Taliaferrum” sold “medietatem pro indiviso castri et ville...Andorie et Stalanelli” to “Manueli et Lanfrancho Aurie fratribus” by charter dated 3 Jul 1237[122]. “...Lanfrancus Aurie...Enricus Aurie, Petrus Aurie...” subscribed the charter dated 19 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and Savona[123]. He is named as deceased in the 15 Jun 1252 charter quoted below, presumably dying childless as the document specifies that his nephew Lanfranco Doria was his heir.

(c) INGO Doria (-before 15 Jun 1252). He is named as deceased in his son’s 15 Jun 1252 charters quoted below. m ---. Ingo & his wife had one child:

(1) LANFRANCO Doria (-after 1264). “Lanfranchinus Aurie filius quondam et heres Ingonis Aurie et heres pro dimidia quondam Lanfranci Aurie patrui sui” appointed “curatorem Manuelem Aurie patruum suum” to sell “castri...Andore”, sold to them in Jul 1237 by “Bonifacius Taiaferrus marchio” [see above], to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 15 Jun 1252[124]. “Manuel Aurie pro tribus partibus et Lanfranchinus filius quondam Ingonis Aurie auctoritate dicti Manuelis curatoris...pro quarta” sold their parts in “castri...Andore” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 15 Jun 1252[125]. m AGNESE [di Gavi, daughter of ALBERTO [III] Marchese di Gavi & his wife Caracosa Malaspina] (-after 1264). The primary source which confirms her possible parentage and marriage has not been identified.

The relationships, if any, between the following persons and the main Doria family have not been ascertained.

1. SIMONETTO Doria (-before 1275). m CONTESSINA di Gavi, daughter of GIOVANNI Marchese di Gavi & his wife Maria --- (-after 1256). The primary source which confirms her possible parentage and marriage has not been identified.

2. ENRICO Doria (-after 19 Feb 1251). “...Enricus Aurie, Petrus Aurie...” subscribed the charter dated 19 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and Savona[126].

3. PIETRO Doria (-after 19 Feb 1251). “...Enricus Aurie, Petrus Aurie...” subscribed the charter dated 19 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and Savona[127].

4. PERCIVALE Doria (-after 6 Apr 1262). “Percival Aurie...Obertus Aurie...” subscribed the 15 Jul 1254 charter which records the settlement of disputes between Genoa and Pisa[128]. “Precival Aurie maior et Nicolaus Aurie quondam Manuelis Aurie” sent forces to recover land in Sardinia for the commune of Genoa by charter dated 6 Apr 1262 “in palacio heredum quondam Oberti Aurie”[129].

EMMANUELE Doria, son of NICCOLÒ Doria & his wife Giacomettina della Volta (-before 6 Apr 1262). “Bonefacius marchio Taliaferrum” sold “medietatem pro indiviso castri et ville...Andorie et Stalanelli” to “Manueli et Lanfrancho Aurie fratribus” by charter dated 3 Jul 1237[130]. He is named deceased in the 6 Apr 1262 charter quoted below.

m ---. The name of Emmanuele’s wife is not known.

Emmanuele & his wife had one child:

1. NICCOLÒ Doria (-1276). “Precival Aurie maior et Nicolaus Aurie quondam Manuelis Aurie” sent forces to recover land in Sardinia for the commune of Genoa by charter dated 6 Apr 1262 “in palacio heredum quondam Oberti Aurie”[131]. m ---. The name of Niccolo’s wife is not known. Niccolò & his wife had two children:

a) BRANCALEONE Doria ([1233]-Genoa before 1325). A charter dated 23 Dec 1287 records an agreement between “Brancaleo Aurie” and “Saladinus et Nicolaus Aurie filii quondam Mariani Aurie quondam Nicolai Aurie” relating to Sardinia[132]. Zurita records that Jaime II King of Aragon received “Francisco y Conradino y Marcello Marques de Malaspina que...tenian estados en la isla de Cerdeña y Branca de Oria y Bernabe su hijo...Genoueses” to discuss the situation in Sardinia[133]. m CATARINA Zanche, daughter of MICHELE Zanche & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Brancaleone & his wife had two children:

i) BERNABÒ Doria ([1254]-[Jun 1325]). The Chronicon Astense records that "Barnaba filius Branchæ de Auria" was installed as "capitaneus" but was imprisoned by "Opicinus Spinola" in 1308 after he had attempted an alliance with their enemies the Grimaldi family[134]. Signore di Sasello e del Logoduro.

- see below.

ii) VIOLANTE Doria . m OBERTO Doria "Dorino" Signore di Loano, son of --- (-1295).

b) MARIANO Doria (-before 23 Dec 1287). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Dec 1287 which records an agreement between “Brancaleo Aurie” and “Saladinus et Nicolaus Aurie filii quondam Mariani Aurie quondam Nicolai Aurie” relating to Sardinia[135]. m ---. The name of Mariano’s wife is not known. Mariano & his wife had two children:

i) SALADINO Doria . A charter dated 23 Dec 1287 records an agreement between “Brancaleo Aurie” and “Saladinus et Nicolaus Aurie filii quondam Mariani Aurie quondam Nicolai Aurie” relating to Sardinia, on the advice of “dominorum Oberti et Babilani Aurie propinquorum suorum”[136].

ii) NICCOLO Doria . A charter dated 23 Dec 1287 records an agreement between “Brancaleo Aurie” and “Saladinus et Nicolaus Aurie filii quondam Mariani Aurie quondam Nicolai Aurie” relating to Sardinia[137].

The relationships, if any, between the following persons and the main Doria family have not been ascertained.

1. ANDREA Doria . m [SUSANNA di Lacon, daughter of BARISONE [II] Judge of Torres & his wife Preziosa di Orrubu]. Fara names “Susannam” as the daughter of “Barison de Lacon”, records her marriage to “Andreæ Auriæ nobili Genuensi”, names their child “Danielem”, and adds that “a quo postea Barison, Gavinus, Nicolaus et Petrinus Auriæ domini regionis Nurræ processerunt”[138]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. A close connection between the Doria and Torres families is probable to explain the inheritance by Babilano, Manuele, Niccolo, Barisone, Petrino and Gavino Doria (all named below) of parts of the rights in the judgeship of Torres.

2. BABILANO Doria . “Dominus Babilanus Aurie nomine suo proprio et nomine Guillini et Branche filiorum quondam Manuelini Aurie...et Bonifazius Rizardus et Babilanus filii quondam domini Nicolai Aurie” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[139].

3. EMMANUELE Doria (-before 23 Dec 1287). He is named as deceased in the 23 Dec 1287 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Manuele’s wife is not known. Manuel & his wife had three children:

a) GUGLIELMO Doria . “Dominus Babilanus Aurie nomine suo proprio et nomine Guillini et Branche filiorum quondam Manuelini Aurie...et Bonifazius Rizardus et Babilanus filii quondam domini Nicolai Aurie” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[140].

b) BRANCA Doria . “Dominus Babilanus Aurie nomine suo proprio et nomine Guillini et Branche filiorum quondam Manuelini Aurie...et Bonifazius Rizardus et Babilanus filii quondam domini Nicolai Aurie” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[141].

4. NICCOLO Doria (-before 23 Dec 1287). He is named as deceased in the 23 Dec 1287 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Niccolo’s wife is not known. Niccolo & his wife had three children:

a) BONIFAZIO Doria . “Dominus Babilanus Aurie nomine suo proprio et nomine Guillini et Branche filiorum quondam Manuelini Aurie...et Bonifazius Rizardus et Babilanus filii quondam domini Nicolai Aurie” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[142].

b) RIZZARDO Doria . “Dominus Babilanus Aurie nomine suo proprio et nomine Guillini et Branche filiorum quondam Manuelini Aurie...et Bonifazius Rizardus et Babilanus filii quondam domini Nicolai Aurie” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[143].

c) BABILANO Doria . “Dominus Babilanus Aurie nomine suo proprio et nomine Guillini et Branche filiorum quondam Manuelini Aurie...et Bonifazius Rizardus et Babilanus filii quondam domini Nicolai Aurie” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[144].

5. BARISONE Doria (-before 23 Dec 1287). He is named as deceased in the 23 Dec 1287 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Barisone’s wife is not known. Barisone & his wife had three children:

a) SORLEONE Doria . “Sorleonus et Marinus Aurie filii quondam Barixoni” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[145].

b) MARINO Doria . “Sorleonus et Marinus Aurie filii quondam Barixoni” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[146].

6. PETRINO Doria (-before 23 Dec 1287). He is named as deceased in the 23 Dec 1287 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Petrino’s wife is not known. Petrino & his wife had one child:

a) GIOVANNI Doria . “Iohaninus Aurie quondam Petrini” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to his rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[147].

7. GAVINO Doria (-before 23 Dec 1287). He is named as deceased in the 23 Dec 1287 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Gavino’s wife is not known. Gavino & his wife had four children:

a) PERCIVALE Doria (-after 15 Oct 1316). “Preciualis Aurie filius quondam Gauini Aurie pro se...ac nomine...Antonii, Manuelis et Andriani fratrum suorum filiorum dicti quondam Gauini” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[148]. A charter dated 15 Oct 1316 records that the commune of Genoa, represented by “Percivalle Doria...”, and “Ottolino figlio del fu Guglielmo Conte di Ventimiglia per se e per Manuelle suo fratello...” agreed to place “[gli] castelli di Mentone e di Poypino” in the hands of the Genoese republic[149].

b) ANTONIO Doria . “Preciualis Aurie filius quondam Gauini Aurie pro se...ac nomine...Antonii, Manuelis et Andriani fratrum suorum filiorum dicti quondam Gauini” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[150].

c) MANUELE Doria . “Preciualis Aurie filius quondam Gauini Aurie pro se...ac nomine...Antonii, Manuelis et Andriani fratrum suorum filiorum dicti quondam Gauini” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[151].

d) ADRIANO Doria . “Preciualis Aurie filius quondam Gauini Aurie pro se...ac nomine...Antonii, Manuelis et Andriani fratrum suorum filiorum dicti quondam Gauini” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa relating to their rights in Torres, Sardinia by charter dated 23 Dec 1287[152].

1. SIMONE Doria (-before 15 Oct 1316). He is named as deceased in the 15 Oct 1316 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Simone’s wife is not known. Simone & his wife had one child:

a) ECCELINO Doria . Signore di San Remo e Ceriana. A charter dated 15 Oct 1316 records that the commune of Genoa, represented by “Percivalle Doria...”, and “Ottolino figlio del fu Guglielmo Conte di Ventimiglia per se e per Manuelle suo fratello...” agreed to place “[gli] castelli di Mentone e di Poypino” in the hands of “Eccelino del fu Simone Doria, Signore di S. Remo e di Ceriana” representing the Genoese republic[153].

1. PIETRO Doria . m ---. The name of Pietro’s wife is not known. Pietro & his wife had one child:

a) OBERTO Doria (-1295). His parentage is confirmed by the 2 Oct 1317 charter quoted below. “Percival Aurie...Obertus Aurie...” subscribed the 15 Jul 1254 charter which records the settlement of disputes between Genoa and Pisa[154]. The Chronicon Astense records that "Obertus Spinola et Obertus Auria" were installed as "capitanei generales Januæ" in 1270[155]. Signore di Dolceacqua: Gioffredo records that “Oberto Conte di Ventimiglia e...Contessa Benvenuta di lui moglie” sold “[la] signoria di Dolceacqua” to “Nicolò di Gabello Podestà d’esso luogo, comprante a nome del...Oberto Doria capitano del commune popolo di Genova” by charter dated 9 Apr 1276[156]. The Chronicon Astense records that, after the death of Oberto Spinola, "Obertus Auria" resigned as "capitaneum…Januæ" and was replaced by "Conradus filius [eius]"[157]. m VIOLANTE Doria, daughter of BRANCA Doria & his wife Catarina Zanche. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Oberto & [his wife] had [three] children:

i) CORRADO Doria . The Chronicon Astense records that, after the death of Oberto Spinola, "Obertus Auria" resigned as "capitaneum…Januæ" and was replaced by "Conradus filius [eius]"[158]. “Dominus Conradus de Auria filius quondam domini Oberti quondam domini Petri admiratus regni Sicilie” sold “terre burgi et villarum Varaginis” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 2 Oct 1317[159].

ii) SIMONE Doria (-before 24 May 1359). He is named as deceased in the 24 May 1359 charter of his sons quoted below. m . Simone & his wife had two children:

(a) ANSELINO Doria (-before 3 Mar 1384). “Ancelinus de Auria filius quondam Simonis de Auria et heres...pro dimidia quarte partis...quondam domini Oberti de Auria avi paterni ipsius Anceline...cum Cassano fratre suo...pro rliqua dimidia dicte quarte partis” ceded shares in “castrorum...Sancti Romuli et Cerianæ” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 24 May 1359[160]. He is named as deceased in the 3 Mar 1384 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Anselino’s wife is not known. Anselino & his wife had two children:

(1) IGNAZIO Doria . “Ignacius de Auria quondam domini Acelini de Auria...[et] heres quondam domini Casani de Auria patrui sui...et Eliana uxor...Raffaelis de Auria quondam domini Acelini predicti...nec non Marchus de Auria quondam...domini Seve de Auria procurator...domine Andriole matris sue filie et heredis quondam prenominati domini Casani de Auria...[et] domine Petre uxoris dicti quondam domini Casani” sold houses in Genoa to the commune by charter dated 3 Mar 1384[161]. “Ignatius de Auria quondam Acelini tutor [appointed by charter 22 Dec 1382]...Antonii et Dorini de Auria filiorum et heredum pro duabus terciis partibus quondam domini Dorini de Auria” sold property enfeoffed to “dicti quondam domini Dorini et quondam dominum Raffaelem de Auria”, to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 27 Apr 1384[162].

(2) RAFAELO Doria . “Ignacius de Auria quondam domini Acelini de Auria...[et] heres quondam domini Casani de Auria patrui sui...et Eliana uxor...Raffaelis de Auria quondam domini Acelini predicti...nec non Marchus de Auria quondam...domini Seve de Auria procurator...domine Andriole matris sue filie et heredis quondam prenominati domini Casani de Auria...[et] domine Petre uxoris dicti quondam domini Casani” sold houses in Genoa to the commune by charter dated 3 Mar 1384[163]. m ELIANA, daughter of --- (-after 3 Mar 1384). She is named in the 3 Mar 1384 charter quoted above.

(b) CASSANO Doria (-before 3 Mar 1384). “Ancelinus de Auria filius quondam Simonis de Auria et heres...pro dimidia quarte partis...quondam domini Oberti de Auria avi paterni ipsius Anceline...cum Cassano fratre suo...pro rliqua dimidia dicte quarte partis” ceded shares in “castrorum...Sancti Romuli et Cerianæ” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 24 May 1359[164]. He is named as deceased in the 3 Mar 1384 charter quoted below. m PIETRA, daughter of --- (-after 3 Mar 1384). She is named in the 3 Mar 1384 charter quoted below. Cassano & his wife had one child:

(1) ACELINA Doria (-after 3 Mar 1384). “Ignacius de Auria quondam domini Acelini de Auria...nec non Marchus de Auria quondam...domini Seve de Auria procurator...domine Andriole matris sue filie et heredis quondam prenominati domini Casani de Auria...[et] domine Petre uxoris dicti quondam domini Casani” sold houses in Genoa to the commune by charter dated 3 Mar 1384[165]. m SEVE Doria, son of --- (-before 3 Mar 1384).

iii) [RAFAELO Doria (-before 7 Jun 1351). The common reference to “castri Sancti Romuli” suggests that Rafaelo was closely related to Oberto Doria, whose known grandsons Anselino and Cassano also sold shares in the same place (see above). This speculation appears supported by the 27 Apr 1384 charter quoted above which names “quondam dominum Raffaelem de Auria”. Maybe Rafaelo was another son of Oberto. Admiral of Sicily.] m [as her first husband,] ARGENTINA di Clavesana, daughter of FRANCESCO Marchese di Clavesana & his wife --- (-after 7 Jun 1351). “Domina Argentina marchionissa Cravexane uxor quondam bone memorie...domini Raffaelis de Auria...militis et regis Scicilie amirati et filia quondam bone memorie...Francisci marchionis Clavexane” ceded “tribus quartis partibus quarte partis castri...Sancti Romuli” to the commune of Genoa, with the consent of “dominorum Octoboni et Conradi de Auria fratrum et filiorum et heredum bone memorie...domini Raffaelis de Auria...”, by charter dated 7 Jun 1351[166]. Argentina may have married secondly --- di Saluzzo, as explained in the document MONFERRATO, SALUZZO, SAVONA. Rafaelo & his wife had two children:

(a) OTTOBONO Doria . “Domina Argentina marchionissa Cravexane uxor quondam bone memorie...domini Raffaelis de Auria...” ceded shares in “castro...Sancti Romuli” to the commune of Genoa, with the consent of “dominorum Octoboni et Conradi de Auria fratrum et filiorum et heredum bone memorie...domini Raffaelis de Auria...”, by charter dated 7 Jun 1351[167].

(b) CORRADO Doria . “Domina Argentina marchionissa Cravexane uxor quondam bone memorie...domini Raffaelis de Auria...” ceded shares in “castro...Sancti Romuli” to the commune of Genoa, with the consent of “dominorum Octoboni et Conradi de Auria fratrum et filiorum et heredum bone memorie...domini Raffaelis de Auria...”, by charter dated 7 Jun 1351[168]. same person as...? CORRADO Doria . Admiral of Sicily. m ---. The name of Corrado’s wife is not known. Corrado & his wife had one child:

(1) MARCHISIA Doria (-before 24 Feb 1390). “Conradus de Auria quondam domini Petri filii quondam domini Dorini de Auria heres universalis ex testamento domine Marchisie filie et heredis universalis quondam...domini Conradi de Auria militis et regni Scicilie amirati” ceded shares in “Sancti Romuli Albinagenensis diocesis” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 24 Feb 1390[169].

The 24 Feb 1390 charter quoted below suggests that the family of Dorino Doria was related to the family of Rafaelo Doria shown immediately above, as the document states that Dorino’s grandson Corrado was heir of Rafaelo’s granddaughter Marchisia. The precise family relationship has not been confirmed.

1. DORINO Doria ). m as her first husband, VIOLANTE Doria, daughter of BRANCALEONE Doria & his wife [Isotta Malaspina] (-after 21 Sep 1384). “Domina Violante de Auria filia et heres...quondam domini Branchaleonis de Auria et uxor quondam domini Dorini de Auria et secundo uxor quondam Luce de Auria sponte” sold property to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 21 Sep 1384[170]. She married secondly as his second wife, Luca Doria. Dorino & his wife had one child:

a) PIETRO Doria (-before 24 Feb 1390). His parentage is confirmed by the 24 Feb 1390 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Pietro’s wife is not known. Pietro & his wife had children:

i) CORRADO Doria . “Conradus de Auria quondam domini Petri filii quondam domini Dorini de Auria heres universalis ex testamento domine Marchisie filie et heredis universalis quondam...domini Conradi de Auria militis et regni Scicilie amirati” ceded shares in “Sancti Romuli Albinagenensis diocesis” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 24 Feb 1390[171].

BERNABÒ Doria, son of BRANCALEONE Doria & his wife Catarina Zancha ([1254]-[Jun 1325]). Zurita records that Jaime II King of Aragon received “Francisco y Conradino y Marcello Marques de Malaspina que...tenian estados en la isla de Cerdeña y Branca de Oria y Bernabe su hijo...Genoueses” to discuss the situation in Sardinia, proposing that Bernabo should marry “la hija de Ugolino Juez de Gallura...Juana...señora de la tercera parte del reyno Calaritano”[172]. Signore di Sasello e del Logoduro. The Chronicon Astense records that "Barnaba filius Branchæ de Auria" was installed as "capitaneus" but was imprisoned by "Opicinus Spinola" in 1308 after he had attempted an alliance with their enemies the Grimaldi family[173].

m ELIANA Fiesco, daughter of FEDERIGO Fiesco & his wife Teodora Spinola. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified.

Bernabo & his wife had three children:

1. BRANCALEONE Doria . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. m ISOTTA Malaspina, daughter of FEDERIGO Malaspina di Villafranca & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Brancaleone & his wife had [two] children:

a) BRANCALEONE Doria ([1337]-Castelgenovese 1409). m (before [1364]?) ELEONORA di Arborea, daughter of MARIANO [IV] Judge of Arborea & his wife Timbor di Rocabertí (-1403). No indication has been found of the date of Eleonora’s marriage, although as the older daughter it is likely that she married before her sister Beatrice. Zurita records the death in 1383 of “Ugo...Juez de Arborea” killed for his cruelty and the influence of “Brancaleo de Oria...siendo casado con doña Leonor de Arborea hermana del postrero juez”, who swore allegiance to the king of Aragon “entregando a Federico de Oria su hijo y de doña Leonor de Arborea”[174]. Zurita records the succession in 1387 of “doña Leonor de Arborea en el estado de su padre” on behalf of “Mariano su hijo”, a peace agreement being agreed the following year[175]. Père Anselme records her death in 1403 (no source cited)[176]. Brancaleone & his wife had two children:

i) FEDERIGO Doria . Zurita records the death in 1383 of “Ugo...Juez de Arborea” killed for his cruelty and the influence of “Brancaleo de Oria...siendo casado con doña Leonor de Arborea hermana del postrero juez”, who swore allegiance to the king of Aragon “entregando a Federico de Oria su hijo y de doña Leonor de Arborea”[177]. Betrothed (16 Sep 1382) to BIANCA di Guarco, daughter of NICOLÒ di Guarco Doge of Genoa & his wife ---. The marriage contract between “dominæ Ellionoris de Alborea uxoris...domini Branchæ de Auria...Frederico filio dictorum dominorum...” and “dominus Nicolaus de Guarcho...Januensis dux...Blanchina filia dicti...domini Nicolai” is dated 16 Sep 1382[178].

ii) MARIANO Doria (-[1407]). Judge of Arborea: Zurita records the succession in 1387 of “doña Leonor de Arborea en el estado de su padre” on behalf of “Mariano su hijo”, a peace agreement being agreed the following year[179]. Père Anselme records his death childless in [1407] (no source cited)[180].

b) [VIOLANTE Doria (-after 21 Sep 1384). “Domina Violante de Auria filia et heres...quondam domini Branchaleonis de Auria et uxor quondam domini Dorini de Auria et secundo uxor quondam Luce de Auria sponte” sold property to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 21 Sep 1384[181]. It is uncertain whether Violante’s father was Brancaleone Doria shown above. m firstly DORINO Doria, son of ---. m secondly as his second wife, LUCA Doria, son of --- (-before 21 Sep 1384).]

2. VALENTINA Doria (Genoa 1290-Milan 27 Aug 1359). The testament of "domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto…filius et hæres quondam domini Alberti Marchionis de Carreto", dated [8] Jul 1313, bequeathes property to "dominæ Valentinæ uxori suæ…Tiburginam filiam suam"[182]. The testament of "Domina Tiburgia uxor quondam domini Alberti bonæ memoriæ Marchionis de Carreto", dated 28 Jun 1324, bequeathes property to "…domina Valentina filia domini Bernabo de Auria uxor quondam domini Francisci de Carreto […dictus Albertus…eius filius]…"[183]. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario names "Domina de Auria de Janua" as the mother of "Matthæus, Barnabos et Galeaz fratres, filii quondam Domini Stephani"[184]. "Domina Valentina relicta quondam…domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto et postea relicta quondam nobilis militis domini Stephani de Vicecomitibus…et filia quondam nobilis viri Barnaboe de Auria de Janua" confirmed receipt of her dower from "domino Enrico de Carreto Marchione Saonæ filio quondam domini Jacobi…vice dominorum Antonii, Alberti, Manfredi et Franceschini fratrum suorum similiter Marchionum Savonæ", with the consent of "domini Cosmi de Auria honore potestatis Mediolani filii quondam item domini Cosmi de Auria…cognati dictæ dominæ Valentinæ", by charter dated 7 Mar 1350[185]. m firstly FRANCESCO di Caretto, son of ALBERTO Marchese di Caretto & his wife Tiburgia --- (-before 28 Jun 1324). m secondly (1318) STEFANO Visconti, son of MATTEO [I] Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Violanta di Borri (-Milan 4 Jul 1337).

3. ISABELLA Doria (-1353, bur Staffarda). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Isabella figlola di miser Bernabo di Auria capetano & come signore di Savona" as the second wife of "Manfredo", oldest son of "Thomaso…Marchese di Salucio"[186]. "Manffredus…marchio Saluciarum" gave a quittance dated 17 Jul 1308 to "Bernabo Aurie capitanneo communis et populi Janue" for the dowry of "Ysabelle filie dicti Bernabo sponsse et uxoris dicti marchionis"[187]. "Manfredus marchio Salutiarum" granted property to "Johanni de Saluciis fratri suo", with the consent of "Yssabele comittisse Saluciarum eius consortis et Manfredi, Theodori et Bonifacii filiorum suorum", by charter dated 10 Mar 1329[188]. The testament of her son "Manfredus Marchio Salutiarum filius quondam…domini Manfredi Marchionis Salutiarum", dated 5 Aug 1389, records that "mater mea" was buried in "monasterio Staffarda"[189]. m (before 17 Jul 1308) as his second wife, MANFREDO IV Marchese di Saluzzo, son of TOMMASO I Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Luigia di Ceva ([1262]-Cortemiglia 16 Sep 1340).

1. COSIMO Doria . He is named as deceased in the 7 Mar 1350 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Cosimo’s wife is not known. Cosimo & his wife had one child:

a) COSIMO Doria (-after 7 Mar 1350). "Domina Valentina relicta quondam…domini Franceschini Marchionis de Carreto et postea relicta quondam nobilis militis domini Stephani de Vicecomitibus…et filia quondam nobilis viri Barnaboe de Auria de Janua" confirmed receipt of her dower from "domino Enrico de Carreto Marchione Saonæ…", with the consent of "domini Cosmi de Auria honore potestatis Mediolani filii quondam item domini Cosmi de Auria…cognati dictæ dominæ Valentinæ", by charter dated 7 Mar 1350[190].

2. LAMBA Doria (-before 31 Oct 1352). He is named as deceased in the 31 Oct 1352 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Lamba’s wife is not known. Lamba & his wife had one child:

a) NICCOLÒ Doria . The abbot of Genoa S Stefano and “Nicolaum de Auria filium et universalem heredem quondam domini Lambe de Auria” agreed to appoint arbitrators to settle a dispute by charter dated 31 Oct 1352[191].

1. BARTOLOMEO Doria (-after 15 Mar 1392). A charter dated 15 Mar 1392 records an ultimatum to “dominum Nicolaum de Carreto ex Marchionibus Saonæ et eius nepotes ac alii de suo genere et affines, videlicet domini Karolus, et Georgius, Conradus et eius fratres de Carreto, Thomas Malaspina et eius frater, dominus Bartholomeus de Auria cum suis” regarding their allegiance to Genoa[192]. His precise relationship to the members of the Caretto/Savona and Malaspina families, suggested by this document, has not been ascertained.

1. ISNARDO Doria . Thierry Ganchou names “Percivale Doria fils d’Isnardo” as the father of Ilario Doria but does not cite the corresponding primary source[193]. m ---. The name of Isnardo’s wife is not known. Isnardo & his wife had one child:

a) PERCIVALE Doria . Thierry Ganchou names “Percivale Doria fils d’Isnardo” as the father of Ilario Doria but does not cite the corresponding primary source[194]. m ISABELLA Salvaigo, daughter of ---. Thierry Ganchou names “Isabella Salvaigo” as the mother of Ilario Doria, referring to “actes notariés inédits génois qui seront publiés ailleurs”[195]. Percivale & his wife had one child:

i) ILARIO Doria ([1372]-after 18 Jan 1424). “Dominus Ilarius de Auria sororius...domini Manuelis...Imperatoris Romeorum Paleologi” presented himself before the magistrates of the Officium Provisionis Romanie at Genoa 3 Nov 1397[196]. Georgios Phrantzes records that "princeps Demetrius cum Hilarione Doria et huius genero Georgio Hizaulo" fled Galata and found refuge in Hungary, dated to 1423[197]. Emperor Sigismund granted safe passage to “Hilario de Auria...domini Manuelis imperatoris Constantinopolitani...leviro” by charter dated 18 Jan 1424[198]. m ([1393]) --- Palaiologina, illegitimate daughter of Emperor IOANNES V & his mistress ---. Du Cange names "Zampia Palæologina, Manuelis filia notha" (referring to Emperor Manuel II) recording that she married "Hilario Doriæ nobili Genuensi" in 1393 and referring to the marriage of their unnamed daughter to "Mustapha Bajazethi Gilderuni Sultani filio" which was arranged by Emperor Manuel II[199]. The basis for the date 1393 is not known. Thierry Ganchou notes that there is no primary source which confirms her name, which he says was possibly confused with the name of one of her daughters[200]. The precise relationship between the wife of Ilario Doria and Emperor Manuel II has been the source of much debate. The earliest source which refers to Ilario is Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo who records that, during his visit to Constantinople 30 Oct 1403, he met the emperor who "directed his son-in-law a Genoese named Ilario who was married to one of his illegitimate daughters, to accompany them and show them what they wanted"[201]. Ganchou notes that in the original Spanish Ruy González calls Ilario "su yerno...Ylario, genués"[202]. A charter dated 30 Oct 1418 under which Emperor Manuel II renewed agreements with Venice is witnessed by “tou...gambrou tes basileias...kyrou Ilarionos Doria”[203]. Ganchou notes the difficulty in interpreting these passages due to the ambiguity of the word "gambros" (meaning either son-in-law or brother-in-law) and similar terms[204]. This recalls the similar difficulty surrounding “nepos” in western European medieval documentation. At first sight, the relationship appears to be expressed more precisely by Laonicus Chalcocondylas in his later chronicle (dated to [1463/64]) when he records that “musulmanes Paiazitis filius” married "Byzantium...regis neptem [νιιδουν] Iannii Tuntoriæ [Iαννυου του Ντόρια] filiam", in a passage dated to [1403][205]. However, Ganchou highlights the difficulty of knowing whether Chalcocondylas used additional documentation which no longer survives or whether he was only interpreting the same documentation which is quoted above[206]. Indeed, in Niebuhr’s Latin translation (1843 Bonn edition) of Chalcocondylas the word “neptem” is used to translate "νιιδουν", recalling the difficulties over “nepos”. Ganchou reviews the earlier secondary sources which acknowledged the ambiguity of the word “gambros”, and cites in particular Agostino Calcagnino in 1599 who named Ilario as “cugnato” of Emperor Manuel presumably on the basis of bulls of Pope Boniface IX dated between 1398 and 1400 in which Ilario is named “cognatus” of the emperor[207]. The debate concerning the precise family relationship appears resolved by a document issued by Ilario himself, quoted by Ganchou: “dominus Ilarius de Auria sororius...domini Manuelis...Imperatoris Romeorum Paleologi” presented himself as such before the magistrates of the Officium Provisionis Romanie at Genoa 3 Nov 1397[208]. Ilario & his wife had two children:

(a) daughter . Laonicus Chalcocondylas records that “musulmanes Paiazitis filius” married "Byzantium...regis neptem [νιιδουν] Iannii Tuntoriæ [Iαννυου του Ντόρια] filiam", in a passage dated to [1403][209]. Du Cange records that Emperor Manuel II arranged the marriage of the unnamed daughter of "Hilario Doriæ nobili Genuensi" and his wife to "Mustapha Bajazethi Gilderuni Sultani filio"[210]. The precise primary source on which this information is based has not been traced, but the chronology for such a marriage is not ideal given the supposed marriage date of her parents in 1393 and her husband’s death in 1402. m [as his --- wife,] MUSTAFA, son of Sultan BAYAZED & his third wife Daulat Shah (1380-killed in battle Ankara 28 Jul 1402).

(b) daughter . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by Georgios Phrantzes who records that "princeps Demetrius cum Hilarione Doria et huius genero Georgio Hizaulo" fled Galata and found refuge in Hungary, dated to 1423[211]. m (before 1423) GIORGIOS Hizaulos, son of --- (-after 1423).

1. FRANCO Doria (-before 1464). He is named as deceased in the 1464 document of his son Sceva, quoted below. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Franco’s wife has not been identified. Franco & his wife had one child:

a) SCEVA Doria . “Sceva Doria figlio del fu Franco de’ Consignori d’Oneglia” and “Tebaldo Lascaris figlio del fu Giovanni de’ Conti di Ventimiglia e consignore della Briga” litigated “il domino del castello di Pietrelata”, in the presence of “Marco de’ Conti di Ventimiglia consignore del Conio, Paolo Doria consignore d’Oneglia...”, in 1464[212]. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Sceva’s wife has not been identified. Sceva & his wife had one child:

i) ANDREA Doria . Gioffredo names “il celebre Principe Andrea Doria” as son of Sceva Doria (no source cited)[213].

1. BARTOLOMEO Doria . Dei Signori di Oneglia. He is named as deceased in the 18 Apr 1477 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Bartolomeo’s wife is not known. Bartolomeo & his wife had one child:

a) GIOVANNI Doria (-after 18 Apr 1477). His parentage is confirmed by the 18 Apr 1477 charter quoted below. m YOLANDE Grimaldi, daughter of NICOLAS Grimaldi co-Seigneur de Menton & his wife Sestarine Doria (-after 18 Apr 1477). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a letter dated 3 Sep 1461 from Lodovico di Campo Fregoso Doge of Genoa to Lambert Grimaldi Seigneur de Monaco which records that Giacopo di Campo Fregoso had married “Andiola Doria fille de Yolandine Grimaldi, sœur de Lambert, et de Jean Doria des seigneurs d’Oneille”[214]. A charter dated 18 Apr 1477 related to payment of dowry by “Lamberto de’Grimaldi signor di Monaco” for “Violantina sua sorella maritata a Giovanni Doria del fu Bartolomeo de’signori d’Oneglia”, with the advice of “Luchino dei Conti di Ventimiglia consignore della Briga...e di Rainaldo di Villanova consignore de Venza...suoi parenti”, in the presence of “Giacomo di Campo fregoso ed Andiola Doria figlia dei predicti Giovanni Doria, e Violantina Grimalda sua moglie”[215]. Giovanni & his wife had one child:

i) ANDIOLA Doria (-after 18 Apr 1477). A letter dated 3 Sep 1461 from Lodovico di Campo Fregoso Doge of Genoa to Lambert Grimaldi Seigneur de Monaco records that Giacopo di Campo Fregoso had married “Andiola Doria fille de Yolandine Grimaldi, sœur de Lambert, et de Jean Doria des seigneurs d’Oneille”[216]. A charter dated 18 Apr 1477 related to payment of dowry by “Lamberto de’Grimaldi signor di Monaco” for “Violantina sua sorella maritata a Giovanni Doria del fu Bartolomeo de’signori d’Oneglia”, with the advice of “Luchino dei Conti di Ventimiglia consignore della Briga...e di Rainaldo di Villanova consignore de Venza...suoi parenti”, in the presence of “Giacomo di Campo fregoso ed Andiola Doria figlia dei predicti Giovanni Doria, e Violantina Grimalda sua moglie”[217]. m (before 3 Sep 1461) GIACOPO di Campo Fregoso, son of [ISNARDO di Campo Fregoso & his wife ---] (-after 18 Apr 1477).

1. DOMENICO Doria (-before 2 May 1341). He is named as deceased in the 2 May 1341 charter cited below. m ---. The name of Domenico’s wife is not known. Domenico & his wife had four children:

a) ALESSANDRO Doria (-after 7 Aug 1345). Gioffredo records that “Alessandro, Morruelle, Olivero ed Aimerico Doria figli del fu Domenico” were granted “i castelli di Dolceacqua e di Labeglio” by Robert I King of Sicily by charter dated 2 May 1341[218]. He is named in the 7 Aug 1345 charter quoted below.

b) MORUELLO Doria (-[7 Aug 1345/21 Feb 1349]). A charter dated 24 Oct 1319 records an arbitrated dispute between “Iohannem Baudum militem regium cambellanum comitatus Provincie et Forcalquerii senescallum” and “dominum Morruhelem de Auria” concerning “Dulceaqua”, naming “dominum Ottolinum filium Gulielmi comitis Vintimilii...dnus Carolus et dnus Barnaba de Grimaldis” and proposing “filium ipsius dni Morruhelis vel filium dni Philippi comitis Vintimilii” as hostages[219]. Gioffredo records that “Alessandro, Morruelle, Olivero ed Aimerico Doria figli del fu Domenico” were granted “i castelli di Dolceacqua e di Labeglio” by Robert I King of Sicily by charter dated 2 May 1341[220]. Consignore di Dolceacqua: "Dominus Morvellus de Auria civis Januæ condominus Dulcisaquæ" transferred his rights against the church of Vintimille, shared with “dominis Alexandrio et Aimerico de Auria fratribus suis et ipso domino Oliverio”, to “domino Oliverio de Auria civi Jan. condomino Apricalis fratri suo” by charter dated 7 Aug 1345[221]. He is named as deceased in the 21 Feb 1349 charter cited below. m ---. The name of Morruele’s wife is not known. Morruele & his wife had [two children]:

i) son ([before 1315?]-after 24 Oct 1319). The 24 Oct 1319 charter quoted above proposed “filium...dni Morruhelis” as a hostage. Consistent with the practice at the time, this son was presumably a child at the time. It is not known whether he was the same person as Imperiale who is named below.

ii) IMPERIALE Doria . Signore di Dolceacqua. Gioffredo records the settlement of disputes between the inhabitants of Dolceacqua and “Imperiale Doria figlio del fu Morruele loro signore” by charter dated 21 Feb 1349, in the presence of “Corradino Grimaldi nobile genovese”[222].

c) OLIVERO Doria (-after 7 Aug 1345). Gioffredo records that “Alessandro, Morruelle, Olivero ed Aimerico Doria figli del fu Domenico” were granted “i castelli di Dolceacqua e di Labeglio” by Robert I King of Sicily by charter dated 2 May 1341[223]. "Dominus Morvellus de Auria civis Januæ condominus Dulcisaquæ" transferred his rights against the church of Vintimille, shared with “dominis Alexandrio et Aimerico de Auria fratribus suis et ipso domino Oliverio”, to “domino Oliverio de Auria civi Jan. condomino Apricalis fratri suo” by charter dated 7 Aug 1345[224].

d) AIMERICO Doria (-after 7 Aug 1345). Gioffredo records that “Alessandro, Morruelle, Olivero ed Aimerico Doria figli del fu Domenico” were granted “i castelli di Dolceacqua e di Labeglio” by Robert I King of Sicily by charter dated 2 May 1341[225]. He is named in the 7 Aug 1345 charter quoted above.

1. GIOVANNI BARTOLOMEO Doria (-after Apr 1479). Signore di Dolceaqua. “Iohannes Bartolomeus Doria filiolo quondam --- signore de Dolceacqua” promised to restore “la forteza de Vintimilia” to the duke of Milan by charter dated Apr 1479[226]. m firstly ---. m secondly ---. Bartolomeo & his first wife had one child:

a) LUCA Doria (-before 23 May 1514). Signore di Dolceaqua. m (after 21 Apr 1491) FRANÇOISE Grimaldi, daughter of LAMBERT Grimaldi Seigneur de Monaco & his wife Claudine Grimaldi Dame de Monaco (-after 19 Oct 1515). “Lambertus de Grimaldis Monaci, Luchas [Doria] de dominis Dulcis Aque” notified the duke of Milan of the marriage of “mi Luca e la figliola de mi Lamberto”, in the presence of “messer Prospero Grimaldo”, by charter dated 21 Apr 1491[227]. Françoise disinherited her son Bartolomeo in her testament dated 19 Dec 1513[228]. The testament of “domina Glaudina de Grimaldis relicta...Lamberti de Grimaldis filia...domini Cathalani de Grimaldis...”, dated 23 May 1514, bequeathed property to “...Francische uxori relicte quondam...Luce de Auria domini Dulcis Acque...”[229]. Luca & his wife had children:

i) BARTOLOMEO Doria (-[1525/27]). Signore di Dolceaqua. Françoise disinherited her son Bartolomeo in her testament dated 19 Dec 1513[230]. François I King of France ordered the arrest of “Bartholomieu Dorie seigneur de Doulsaigue son nepveu” for the murder of “Lucian de Grimault...seigneur de Mourgues” by charter dated 7 Oct 1523[231]. The [1534] Libro de la progenie et vita de li ill. signore de Monago records that “Berthon Doria” fell while attacking “il castello di la Penna”, broke his neck, and that his body was returned to Monaco[232]. Saige indicates that this event occurred before the Doria family reacquired Dolceaqua in 1527[233].

ii) LAMBERTO Doria . “Lamberto Doria cavalero Hierosolimitano” promised to exile himself by charter dated 10 Dec 1525[234].

Bartolomeo & his second wife had one child:

b) ENRICHETTO Doria . Saige records a dispute between Luca Doria and his half-brother Enrichetto regarding the succession of their father (no date specified)[235].

D. GENOA - GRIMALDI

The Grimaldi family was one of several noble families whose members are recorded in primary sources in Genoa before the early 14th century. Along with other Genoese families, especially the Spinola, some members of the Grimaldi family established themselves in Monaco in the mid-13th century, although they only assumed permanent dominance in the city when Carlo Grimaldi captured Monaco in 1331. Venasque postulated the family’s descent from Grimoald, maior domus of the Merovingian kingdom of Neustria, son of Pépin [II] de Héristal (see the document MEROVINGIAN NOBILITY)[236], presumably based only the similarity of names, a descent which is purely hypothetical. From the early 12th century, Venasque[237] and Père Anselme[238] (both authors citing few primary sources) show different family reconstructions which are impossible to reconcile[239]. Other reconstructions are reproduced widely on the internet. Few primary sources have been found which record family relatioships among the Grimaldi family before the 15th century. Unitl more sources come to light, only limited reconstructions of the early generations of the family have been attempted.

1. OTTO Canella, son of --- ([1070]-1143). The Annals of Caffaro name "…Oto Cannella…" among the consuls of Genoa in 1133[240]. Saige names Otto “le plus ancien ascendant connu de [la] famille [Grimaldi]”[241]. The primary source which confirms his date of death has not been identified.

2. BELLAMUTO (-after Jan 1143). The Annals of Caffaro name "…Bellamutus…" among the consuls of Genoa in 1124[242]. Saige names him as oldest son of Otto Canella[243]. The primary source which confirms this family relationship has not been identified. “Consules...Bellamutus...” granted an honorarium to “Guillelmus iudex” by charter dated Jan 1143[244].

3. GRIMALDO [I] (-after 1184). Saige names Grimaldo as “le plus jeune des fils d’Otto Canella”[245]. The primary source which confirms this family relationship has not been identified. The Annals of Caffaro name "…Grimaldus" among the consuls of Genoa in 1162[246]. The Annals of Oberto Cancellario name "…Grimaldo…" among the Genoese consuls in 1170[247], while the Annals of Ottobono name "…Grimaldus…" among the consuls in 1184[248].

4. OBERTO Grimaldi (-after 1197). Saige names Oberto as son of Grimaldo, and naming “Grimaldo, Ingo, Oberto et Nicolas” as his four sons[249]. The primary sources which confirm these family relationships have not been identified. The Annals of Ottobono record the sieges of "turri Oberti de Grimaldo et in nova turri Oberti Spinule" in 1194[250]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis name "…Obertus quondam Grimaldi…" as leader of one of the companies in Genoa in 1197[251].

5. OGERIO Canella (-after 31 Oct 1186). "Oglerius Canellus et Oto Raua, Albenses" accepted property from "Aluino de Araça" by charter dated 31 Oct 1186[252].

Two brothers, the primary sources which confirm their parentage have not been identified. Saige says that Ingo Grimaldi was the second son of Oberto Grimaldi who is named above (no primary source cited)[253].

1. GRIMALDO [II] Grimaldi (-[24 Nov 1254/17 Nov 1256]). Saige names Grimaldo as oldest son of Oberto Grimaldi[254]. The primary source which confirms this family relationship has not been identified. Saige records that Grimaldo signed “le traité de paix avec Tortone et les conventions avec les marquis de Cravesana” (no citation references)[255]. “Bonifacius Taiaferrum marchio Cravexane” sold property to “Grimaldo de Grimaldo” by charter dated 2 Apr 1235[256]. “Bonifacius et Manuel marchiones de Cravexana” acknowledged a debt incurred to “dicto Grimaldo...et dicto quondam Ingone fratre tuo”, by “quondam Bonifacius Taiaferrum marcho Cravexane patruus noster”, to “Lucho et Bovarello filiis quondam Ingonis de Grimaldo et Grimaldo de Grimaldo”, by charter dated 14 Mar 1251[257]. “Grimaldus de Grimaldo Luchus et Bovarellus de Grimaldo” ceded their rights against “heredibus Bonifacii Taiaferri marchionis Cravexane...” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 15 Jun 1252[258]. “...Grimaldus de Grimaldo...Luchus de Grimaldo...Nicolaus de Grimaldo...” subscribed the 15 Jul 1254 charter which records the settlement of disputes between Genoa and Pisa, and “Grimaldus de Grimaldo...” signed first a charter dated 24 Nov 1254[259]. Grimaldo no longer subscribed two charters dated 17 Nov 1256[260], suggesting that he may have been deceased.

2. INGO Grimaldi (-before 14 Mar 1251). He is named as deceased in the 14 Mar 1251 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Ingo’s wife is not known. Ingo & his wife had three children:

a) LUCHINO Grimaldi (-after 16 Feb 1269). “Luchus de Grimaldis...” (signing first) subscribed the charter dated 18 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and representatives of “civitatis Albingane”, witnessed by “Obertus de Grimaldo...”[261]. “...Luchus de Grimaldo...Nicolaus de Grimaldo...Obertus de Grimaldo...” subscribed the charter dated 19 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and Savona[262]. “Grimaldus de Grimaldo Luchus et Bovarellus de Grimaldo” ceded their rights against “heredibus Bonifacii Taiaferri marchionis Cravexane...” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 15 Jun 1252[263]. “...Grimaldus de Grimaldo...Luchus de Grimaldo...Nicolaus de Grimaldo...” subscribed the 15 Jul 1254 charter which records the settlement of disputes between Genoa and Pisa[264]. “Lucas de Grimaldis et Bovarellus et Obertus de Grimaldis fratres et Gabriel de Grimaldis” appointed proxies to collect a debt by charter dated 10 Jul 1257[265]. Charles I King of Sicily ordered “Luce et Bovarello et Laffranco et Lucherio de Grimaldis” to receive “ambassatores Soldani” at Genoa by charter dated 16 Feb 1269[266]. same person as...? LUCHINO Grimaldi (-after Apr 1300). The merchants of Piacenza complained to royal investigators at Beaucaire about attacks made by sea “in partu Aquarum Mortuarum” by “Franceschinus de Grimaldis...amirati Luchinus de Grimaldis et Andreas de Grimaldis...Raynerius de Grimaldis...” by charter dated 1300, after Apr[267].

b) BOVARELLO Grimaldi (-after 16 Feb 1269). “Bonifacius et Manuel marchiones de Cravexana” acknowledged a debt incurred to “dicto Grimaldo...et dicto quondam Ingone fratre tuo”, by “quondam Bonifacius Taiaferrum marcho Cravexane patruus noster”, to “Lucho et Bovarello filiis quondam Ingonis de Grimaldo et Grimaldo de Grimaldo”, by charter dated 14 Mar 1251[268]. “Grimaldus de Grimaldo Luchus et Bovarellus de Grimaldo” ceded their rights against “heredibus Bonifacii Taiaferri marchionis Cravexane...” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 15 Jun 1252[269]. “Lucas de Grimaldis et Bovarellus et Obertus de Grimaldis fratres et Gabriel de Grimaldis” appointed proxies to collect a debt by charter dated 10 Jul 1257[270]. “Bovarellus de Grimaldis” granted mining rights to “fratri Oliverio” by charter dated 5 May 1260[271]. A charter dated 21 Jul 1262 records a peace treaty between Charles d’Anjou Comte de Provence and the commune of Genoa represented by “domini Thedisius de Flisco comes Lavannie, Bovarellus de Grimaldo et Marchisinus de Cassino” concerning rights “in comitatu Vintimilli”[272]. Charles I King of Sicily ordered “Luce et Bovarello et Laffranco et Lucherio de Grimaldis” to receive “ambassatores Soldani” at Genoa by charter dated 16 Feb 1269[273].

c) OBERTO Grimaldi (-after 10 Jul 1257). “Luchus de Grimaldis...” (signing first) subscribed the charter dated 18 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and representatives of “civitatis Albingane”, witnessed by “Obertus de Grimaldo...”[274]. “...Luchus de Grimaldo...Nicolaus de Grimaldo...Obertus de Grimaldo...” subscribed the charter dated 19 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and Savona[275]. “Lucas de Grimaldis et Bovarellus et Obertus de Grimaldis fratres et Gabriel de Grimaldis” appointed proxies to collect a debt by charter dated 10 Jul 1257[276].

The following two individuals are named in charters with the family of Ingo Grimaldi, shown immediately above, suggesting that they were closely related. Primary sources which confirm the precise relationships have not been identified.

1. NICCOLÒ Grimaldi (-after 15 Jul 1254). “...Luchus de Grimaldo...Nicolaus de Grimaldo...Obertus de Grimaldo...” subscribed the charter dated 19 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and Savona[277]. “...Grimaldus de Grimaldo...Luchus de Grimaldo...Nicolaus de Grimaldo...” subscribed the 15 Jul 1254 charter which records the settlement of disputes between Genoa and Pisa[278].

2. GABRIELE Grimaldi (-after 1297). Saige names Gabriele as grandson of Ingo, the second son of Oberto Grimaldi (no primary source cited)[279]. Gabriele’s mention with the three brothers Luca, Bovarello and Oberto in the following document suggests that he was the son of their deceased brother. “Lucas de Grimaldis et Bovarellus et Obertus de Grimaldis fratres et Gabriel de Grimaldis” appointed proxies to collect a debt by charter dated 10 Jul 1257[280]. Charles I King of Sicily ordered a payment and “militari...cingulo decorandum” to “nobilem virum Gabrielem de Grimaldis...militem” by charter dated 5 Feb 1269[281]. Gioffredo names “Francesco, Gabriele, Ansaldo e Rainiero de’Grimaldi” in connection with this episode in 1297[282].

1. LANFRANCO Grimaldi (-1293). Saige names Lanfranco as eldest son of Grimaldo [II] Grimaldi (see above)[283]. Charles I King of Sicily ordered “Luce et Bovarello et Laffranco et Lucherio de Grimaldis” to receive “ambassatores Soldani” at Genoa by charter dated 16 Feb 1269[284].

2. FRANCESCO Grimaldi (-1309). Saige names Francesco “de Malizia” as grandson of Antonio Grimaldi, third son of Grimaldo [II] Grimaldi (see above)[285]. He captured Monaco 8 Jan 1297, but was forced to abandon it in 1301 to the Senechal of Provence, who restored it to Genoa[286]. Gioffredo names “Francesco, Gabriele, Ansaldo e Rainiero de’Grimaldi” in connection with this episode in 1297[287]. The merchants of Piacenza complained to royal investigators at Beaucaire about attacks made by sea “in partu Aquarum Mortuarum” by “Franceschinus de Grimaldis...aimrati Luchinus de Grimaldis et Andreas de Grimaldis...Raynerius de Grimaldis...” by charter dated 1300, after Apr[288]. A charter dated 14 Feb 1302 ordered a copy of the 10 Apr 1301 treaty between Charles II King of Sicily and the Genoese be given to “domicelli Francesquini de Grimaldis, condam domini Guillelmi”[289]. m (contract [14 Aug 1273], 1281) AURELIA di Finale, daughter of GIACOMO di Finale Marchese di Noli e Finale & his second wife Caterina da Marano [Hohenstaufen] (Finale 1254-Genoa 1307). Charles I King of Sicily approved the marriage between “Corrado et Henrico de Carretto marchionibus Saone...una sorore vestra” and “Francischino de Grimaldis” by charter dated 14 Aug 1273[290].

3. PIETRO Grimaldi (-after 4 Aug 1273). Charles I King of Sicily requested the Genoese to respect the conventions agreed between him and “viros nobiles Albertum de Flisco et suos, Petrum de Grimaldo et suos...”, naming in particular “Percevalli de Flisco”, by charter dated 4 Aug 1273[291].

4. RUGGIERO Grimaldi (-after 23 Nov 1296). Charles II King of Sicily approved “Rogerium de Grimaldo militem” as “familiarem nostrum ac de hospicio” by charter dated 23 Nov 1296[292].

5. ANDREO Grimaldi (-after Apr 1300). The merchants of Piacenza complained to royal investigators at Beaucaire about attacks made by sea “in partu Aquarum Mortuarum” by “Franceschinus de Grimaldis...amirati Luchinus de Grimaldis et Andreas de Grimaldis...Raynerius de Grimaldis...” by charter dated 1300, after Apr[293].

1. RANIERO [I] Grimaldi ([1267][294]-[18 Sep 1312/9 May 1314]). Saige names Raniero [I] as son of Lanfranco Grimaldo (see above)[295]. Gioffredo names “Francesco, Gabriele, Ansaldo e Rainiero de’Grimaldi” in connection with this episode in 1297[296]. By charter dated 10 Apr 1301, “...domino Raynerio de Grimaldis...” agreed to return “castrum Monachi” to Charles II King of Sicily provided he agreed peace with Genoa within four months[297]. Charles II King of Sicily ordered compensation to “Raynerio de Grimaldis de Janua” for arming the royal ships by charter dated 30 Apr 1302[298]. Seigneur de Villeneuve in Normandy, et de Cagnes in Provence. Grand Admiral of France: Philippe IV King of France granted revenue to “Renerius de Grimaudis admirandus noster” by charter dated 2 Dec 1304[299]. A document dated to [1304/06] records protests from English prelates, lords and merchants against activities of “monsieur Reynier Grymbaus meistre de la navie du...roy de France”[300]. Robert King of Sicily notified the captain and inhabitants of Gaeta about the agreement with “Raynerius de Grimaldis miles de Janua regni Francie amiratus” concerning the return of captured ships to Genoa, by charter dated 31 Aug 1311[301]. Robert King of Sicily notified the agreement with “Raynerium de Grimaldis de Janua militem” concerning the return of Pisan prisoners by charter dated 18 Sep 1312[302]. He is named as deceased in the following document: Robert King of Sicily notified the authorities in Sardinia about compensation agreed after “quondam Raynerius de Grimaldis de Janua miles” captured Pisan ships by charter dated 9 May 1314[303]. m firstly ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Raniero’s first wife has not been identified. Saige says that she was “une Salvatico”[304]. Père Anselme, following Venasque[305], names her “Marguerite Ruffa, des comtes de Sinople”[306]. m secondly ANDREOLA Grillo, daughter of ANTONIO Grillo & his wife Ataxena --- (-after 24 Jul 1348, bur [Genoa] S. Francisco). The testament of “Andreola filia quondam Anthonii Grilli et uxor quondam Rainerii de Grimaldis”, dated 24 Jul 1348, chose burial “apud ecclesiam Sancti Francisci”, refers to “pro extra dotinus meis de Bonis quondam Ataxene Grille olim matris mee”, bequeathed property to “Dominichine seu Thadee Venti nepti mee, moniali in conventu de Latronorio...Raffo Castellano nepoti meo...heredibus quondam Danielli Grilli...heredibus quondam Philippi de Grimaldis”, donated property for the souls of “...filiarum mearum”, and named “Vinciguerram de Grimaldis filium meum...Johannem Ventum filium quondam Gabrielis Venti et quondam Selvagine...filie mee” as her joint heirs[307]. Raniero [I] & his first wife had two children:

a) CARLO [I] (-[8 Apr/17 Oct] 1357). Robert King of Sicily notified his justiciar in Calabria of rights relating to the “baronia S. Demetrii”, the fief of “Carolus de Grimaldi de Janua miles filius et heres quondam Raynerii de Grimaldis militis”, by charter dated 7 Apr 1315[308]. He recaptured Monaco in 1331[309].

- SEIGNEURS de MONACO.

b) ANTONIO Grimaldi (-[1358]). Père Anselme names Antonio as a younger son of Rainerio [I] Grimaldi and as ancestor of the “seigneurs d’Antibes et de Corbon”[310]. His parentage is confirmed by the 27 Mar 1344 charter under which Jeanne Queen of Sicily confirmed the offices of “vicariorum nostrorum comitatuum Provincie e Forcalquerii” granted to “Caroli de Grimaldis de Janua et Antonii de Grimaldis fratrum” by her grandfather[311].

- SEIGNEURS d’ANTIBES et de CANNES.

Raniero [I] & his second wife had [three or more] children:

c) VINCIGUERRA Grimaldi (-after 24 Jul 1348). “Vinciguerra Grimaldis de Janua dominus baronie Sancti Demetrii, parcium Calabrie” renounced rights in favour of “dominum Karolum de Grimaldis de Janua militem fratrem suum” by charter dated 27 Jan 1334[312]. The name “Vinciguerra” sounds like a nickname. If that is correct, no indication has been found of his baptismal name. A charter dated 20 Feb 1421 records that “Vinceguerram de Grimaldis” had previously held “baronia Sancti Demetrii...in ducatu Calabrie”[313]. The testament of “Andreola filia quondam Anthonii Grilli et uxor quondam Rainerii de Grimaldis”, dated 24 Jul 1348, named “Vinciguerram de Grimaldis filium meum...Johannem Ventum filium quondam Gabrielis Venti et quondam Selvagine...filie mee” as her joint heirs[314].

d) SELVAGINA Grimaldi (-before 24 Jul 1348). A charter dated 17 Dec 1339 records services provided in Paris by “Gabriel Vent de Gennes, serorge de...Charles de Grimaut chevalier”[315]. The testament of “Andreola filia quondam Anthonii Grilli et uxor quondam Rainerii de Grimaldis”, dated 24 Jul 1348, bequeathed property to “Dominichine seu Thadee Venti nepti mee, moniali in conventu de Latronorio...” and named “Vinciguerram de Grimaldis filium meum...Johannem Ventum filium quondam Gabrielis Venti et quondam Selvagine...filie mee” as her joint heirs[316]. m GABRIELE Vento, son of ---.

e) one or more daughters (-before 24 Jul 1348). The 24 Jul 1348 testament of their mother donates property for the souls of “filiarum mearum”. One of her deceased daughters wa Selvagina, named above. The number of her other deceased daughters is not specified.

f) [daughter (-before 24 Jul 1348). The testament of “Andreola filia quondam Anthonii Grilli et uxor quondam Rainerii de Grimaldis”, dated 24 Jul 1348, bequeathed property to “...Raffo Castellano nepoti meo...”[317]. If “nepoti” in this document was used to mean grandson, the mother of Rafaele Castellano was another of the testator’s deceased daughters. m --- Castellano, son of ---.]

Père Anselme names the following persons as ancestors of later branches of the Grimaldi family[318]. Saige names Luchetto as second son of Grimaldo [II] Grimaldi (see above)[319]. The primary sources which confirm the information have not been identified.

1. LUCHETTO . [A charter dated 5 Aug 1342 records the response of “dominorum Antonii de Grimaldis, Gabrielis de Grimaldis, condominis dicti castri de Monacho et Luquini de Grimaldis, alias dicti Rubei, vicarii dicti loci” to a summons from the Niçois relating to rights at sea[320]. It is uncertain whether this document relates to Luchetto.] Charles I King of Sicily ordered “Luce et Bovarello et Laffranco et Lucherio de Grimaldis” to receive “ambassatores Soldani” at Genoa by charter dated 16 Feb 1269[321]. Père Anselme names Luchetto as brother of Lanfranco Grimaldi (whom he names “François de Grimaud”) named above and as ancestor of the “marquis de Maudunio au royaume de Naples, des barons de Beaufort, et des Grimaldi de Seville en Espagne” (no details of the descent are shown)[322]. m ---. The name of Luchetto’s wife is not known. Luchetto & his wife had one child:

a) VERDINA Grimaldi . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been idenfitied. m as his second wife, MANFREDO di Gavi Marchese di Gavi, son of GIOVANNI di Gavi Marchese di Gavi & his wife Maria --- (-after 1289).

1. BERNABÒ Grimaldi (-after 23 Oct 1327, bur Genoa). By charter dated 10 Apr 1301, “...domino Nicola de Grimaldis, domino Magnone de Grimaldis, domino Gaspari de Grimaldis, domino Nicholao de Grimaldis, domino Rabella de Grimaldis...de parte Guelfa...dominus Bernabos de Grimaldis...dominus Richardus de Grimaldis, dominus --- de Grimaldis...Gabrielli filio Gasparis et Ansaldo filio Magnoni de Grimaldis...domino Raynerio de Grimaldis...” agreed to return “castrum Monachi” to Charles II King of Sicily provided he agreed peace with Genoa within four months[323]. A charter dated 24 Oct 1319 records an arbitrated dispute between “Iohannem Baudum militem regium cambellanum comitatus Provincie et Forcalquerii senescallum” and “dominum Morruhelem de Auria” concerning “Dulceaqua”, naming “...dnus Carolus et dnus Barnaba de Grimaldis”[324]. The testament of “Bernabò de’ Grimaldi”, dated 23 Oct 1327, chose burial in Genoa, and named as his heirs the same persons as his wife in her testament cited below[325]. m TIBURGIA, daughter of --- (-after 25 Jul 1324). The testament of “Tiburgia moglie di Bernabò de’ Grimaldi”, dated 25 Jul 1324, chose burial in Nice Cathedral, and named as her heirs “Andarone, Michele e Luchetto suoi figli, Antonio e Bartolommeo suoi nipoti figli quello del fu Milone, questo del fu Montano altri suoi figli”[326]. Bernabò & his wife had five children:

a) ANDARO Grimaldi (-after 9 Jun 1326). Père Anselme names Andaro as brother of Rainerio [I] Grimaldi and as ancestor of the “barons et comtes de Bueil”[327]. Saige names Andaro as grandson of Luchetto Grimaldi (see above)[328]. His parentage is confirmed by the testament of “Tiburgia moglie di Bernabò de’ Grimaldi”, dated 25 Jul 1324, which named as her heirs “Andarone, Michele e Luchetto suoi figli, Antonio e Bartolommeo suoi nipoti figli quello del fu Milone, questo del fu Montano altri suoi figli”[329].

- SEIGNEURS de BEUIL.

b) MICHELE Grimaldi . The testament of “Tiburgia moglie di Bernabò de’ Grimaldi”, dated 25 Jul 1324, chose burial in Nice Cathedral, and named as her heirs “Andarone, Michele e Luchetto suoi figli, Antonio e Bartolommeo suoi nipoti figli quello del fu Milone, questo del fu Montano altri suoi figli”[330].

c) LUCHETTO Grimaldi . The testament of “Tiburgia moglie di Bernabò de’ Grimaldi”, dated 25 Jul 1324, chose burial in Nice Cathedral, and named as her heirs “Andarone, Michele e Luchetto suoi figli, Antonio e Bartolommeo suoi nipoti figli quello del fu Milone, questo del fu Montano altri suoi figli”[331].

d) MILONE Grimaldi (-before 25 Jul 1324). m ---. The name of Milone’s wife is not known. Milone & his wife had two children:

i) ANTONIO Grimaldi . The testament of “Tiburgia moglie di Bernabò de’ Grimaldi”, dated 25 Jul 1324, chose burial in Nice Cathedral, and named as her heirs “Andarone, Michele e Luchetto suoi figli, Antonio e Bartolommeo suoi nipoti figli quello del fu Milone, questo del fu Montano altri suoi figli”[332].

ii) BARTOLOMEO Grimaldi . The testament of “Tiburgia moglie di Bernabò de’ Grimaldi”, dated 25 Jul 1324, chose burial in Nice Cathedral, and named as her heirs “Andarone, Michele e Luchetto suoi figli, Antonio e Bartolommeo suoi nipoti figli quello del fu Milone, questo del fu Montano altri suoi figli”[333].

e) MONTANO Grimaldi (-before 25 Jul 1324). The testament of “Tiburgia moglie di Bernabò de’ Grimaldi”, dated 25 Jul 1324, chose burial in Nice Cathedral, and named as her heirs “Andarone, Michele e Luchetto suoi figli, Antonio e Bartolommeo suoi nipoti figli quello del fu Milone, questo del fu Montano altri suoi figli”[334].

In addition to the above, charters dated between 1262 and 1338 name numerous other Grimaldi family members, in Genoa, Nice and Monaco. Their family relationships are impossible to determine based on the limited amount of source material available.

1. NICCOLÒ Grimaldi (-after 10 Apr 1301). By charter dated 10 Apr 1301, “...domino Nicola de Grimaldis, domino Magnone de Grimaldis, domino Gaspari de Grimaldis, domino Nicholao de Grimaldis, domino Rabella de Grimaldis...de parte Guelfa...dominus Bernabos de Grimaldis...dominus Richardus de Grimaldis, dominus --- de Grimaldis...Gabrielli filio Gasparis et Ansaldo filio Magnoni de Grimaldis...domino Raynerio de Grimaldis...” agreed to return “castrum Monachi” to Charles II King of Sicily provided he agreed peace with Genoa within four months[335].

2. MAGNONE Grimaldi (-after 10 Apr 1301). By charter dated 10 Apr 1301, “...domino Nicola de Grimaldis, domino Magnone de Grimaldis, domino Gaspari de Grimaldis, domino Nicholao de Grimaldis, domino Rabella de Grimaldis...de parte Guelfa...dominus Bernabos de Grimaldis...dominus Richardus de Grimaldis, dominus --- de Grimaldis...Gabrielli filio Gasparis et Ansaldo filio Magnoni de Grimaldis...domino Raynerio de Grimaldis...” agreed to return “castrum Monachi” to Charles II King of Sicily provided he agreed peace with Genoa within four months[336]. m ---. The name of Magnone’s wife is not known. Magnone & his wife had one child:

a) ANSALDO Grimaldi . Gioffredo names “Francesco, Gabriele, Ansaldo e Rainiero de’Grimaldi” in connection with the captuire of Monaco 1297[337]. By charter dated 10 Apr 1301, “...domino Nicola de Grimaldis, domino Magnone de Grimaldis, domino Gaspari de Grimaldis, domino Nicholao de Grimaldis, domino Rabella de Grimaldis...de parte Guelfa...dominus Bernabos de Grimaldis...dominus Richardus de Grimaldis, dominus --- de Grimaldis...Gabrielli filio Gasparis et Ansaldo filio Magnoni de Grimaldis...domino Raynerio de Grimaldis...” agreed to return “castrum Monachi” to Charles II King of Sicily provided he agreed peace with Genoa within four months[338].

3. GASPARDÒ Grimaldi (-after 10 Apr 1301). By charter dated 10 Apr 1301, “...domino Nicola de Grimaldis, domino Magnone de Grimaldis, domino Gaspari de Grimaldis, domino Nicholao de Grimaldis, domino Rabella de Grimaldis...de parte Guelfa...dominus Bernabos de Grimaldis...dominus Richardus de Grimaldis, dominus --- de Grimaldis...Gabrielli filio Gasparis et Ansaldo filio Magnoni de Grimaldis...domino Raynerio de Grimaldis...” agreed to return “castrum Monachi” to Charles II King of Sicily provided he agreed peace with Genoa within four months[339].

4. NICCOLÒ Grimaldi (-after 10 Apr 1301). By charter dated 10 Apr 1301, “...domino Nicola de Grimaldis, domino Magnone de Grimaldis, domino Gaspari de Grimaldis, domino Nicholao de Grimaldis, domino Rabella de Grimaldis...de parte Guelfa...dominus Bernabos de Grimaldis...dominus Richardus de Grimaldis, dominus --- de Grimaldis...Gabrielli filio Gasparis et Ansaldo filio Magnoni de Grimaldis...domino Raynerio de Grimaldis...” agreed to return “castrum Monachi” to Charles II King of Sicily provided he agreed peace with Genoa within four months[340].

5. RABELLA Grimaldi (-after 10 Apr 1301). By charter dated 10 Apr 1301, “...domino Nicola de Grimaldis, domino Magnone de Grimaldis, domino Gaspari de Grimaldis, domino Nicholao de Grimaldis, domino Rabella de Grimaldis...de parte Guelfa...dominus Bernabos de Grimaldis...dominus Richardus de Grimaldis, dominus --- de Grimaldis...Gabrielli filio Gasparis et Ansaldo filio Magnoni de Grimaldis...domino Raynerio de Grimaldis...” agreed to return “castrum Monachi” to Charles II King of Sicily provided he agreed peace with Genoa within four months[341].

6. RICCARDO Grimaldi (-after 10 Apr 1301). By charter dated 10 Apr 1301, “...domino Nicola de Grimaldis, domino Magnone de Grimaldis, domino Gaspari de Grimaldis, domino Nicholao de Grimaldis, domino Rabella de Grimaldis...de parte Guelfa...dominus Bernabos de Grimaldis...dominus Richardus de Grimaldis, dominus --- de Grimaldis...Gabrielli filio Gasparis et Ansaldo filio Magnoni de Grimaldis...domino Raynerio de Grimaldis...” agreed to return “castrum Monachi” to Charles II King of Sicily provided he agreed peace with Genoa within four months[342].

7. ANDAOLO Grimaldi . He is named as deceased in the 9 Jun 1326 charter cited below. m ---. The name of Andaolo’s wife is not known. Andaolo & his wife had one child:

a) ANGELO Grimaldi . “Andarone Grimaldo...” bought “[la] quarta parte de’castelli di Pietra Lata superiore ed inferiore, Valloria, Pantasina, Villatalla...” from “Angelino Grimaldi figlio del fu Andaolo altresì Genovese” by charter dated 9 Jun 1326 “in domo domini Bernaboni de Grimaldis”[343].

8. FRANCESCO Grimaldi (-after 16 Apr 1328). Robert King of Sicily ordered payments to “...Manuele de Grimaldis de Nicia...patronis galearum trium...Francischinum de Grimaldis et fratrem...Rafahelem de Grimaldis et Gamellonum de Grimaldis...Antonio de Grimaldis amirato galearum Janue...” relating to their shipping services by charters dated 19 & 31 Jan and 16 Apr 1328[344].

9. RAFAELLO Grimaldi (-after 16 Apr 1328). Robert King of Sicily ordered payments to “...Manuele de Grimaldis de Nicia...patronis galearum trium...Francischinum de Grimaldis et fratrem...Rafahelem de Grimaldis et Gamellonum de Grimaldis...Antonio de Grimaldis amirato galearum Janue...” relating to their shipping services by charters dated 19 & 31 Jan and 16 Apr 1328[345].

10. GAMELLO Grimaldi (-after 16 Apr 1328). Robert King of Sicily ordered payments to “...Manuele de Grimaldis de Nicia...patronis galearum trium...Francischinum de Grimaldis et fratrem...Rafahelem de Grimaldis et Gamellonum de Grimaldis...Antonio de Grimaldis amirato galearum Janue...” relating to their shipping services by charters dated 19 & 31 Jan and 16 Apr 1328[346].

11. ANTONIO Grimaldi (-after 16 Apr 1328). Robert King of Sicily ordered payments to “...Manuele de Grimaldis de Nicia...patronis galearum trium...Francischinum de Grimaldis et fratrem...Rafahelem de Grimaldis et Gamellonum de Grimaldis...Antonio de Grimaldis amirato galearum Janue...” relating to their shipping services by charters dated 19 & 31 Jan and 16 Apr 1328[347].

12. MARTINO Grimaldi (-after 12 Feb 1338). “Dominus Carolus de Grimaldis miles...Martinus de Grimaldis...Agamelonus de Grimaldis...Vicecomes de Grimaldis...Aimonus de Grimaldis...Manuel de Grimaldis...” agreed with Philippe VI King of France to arm ships to fight the English by charter dated 12 Feb 1338[348].

13. VISCONTI Grimaldi (-after 12 Feb 1338). “Dominus Carolus de Grimaldis miles...Martinus de Grimaldis...Agamelonus de Grimaldis...Vicecomes de Grimaldis...Aimonus de Grimaldis...Manuel de Grimaldis...” agreed with Philippe VI King of France to arm ships to fight the English by charter dated 12 Feb 1338[349].

14. AIMONE Grimaldi (-after 12 Feb 1338). “Dominus Carolus de Grimaldis miles...Martinus de Grimaldis...Agamelonus de Grimaldis...Vicecomes de Grimaldis...Aimonus de Grimaldis...Manuel de Grimaldis...” agreed with Philippe VI King of France to arm ships to fight the English by charter dated 12 Feb 1338[350].

Two brothers:

1. PIETRO Grimaldi . “Ambrosius de Grimaldis, quondam domini Raynerii, ex dominis Mentoni...” and “Johannes de Grimaldis, quondam domini Raynerii” divided their territories, by charter dated 13/14 May 1427, witnessed by “Oberto de Grimaldis cive Janue, Petro et Philippo de Grimaldis fratribus...”[351].

2. FILIPPO Grimaldi . “Ambrosius de Grimaldis, quondam domini Raynerii, ex dominis Mentoni...” and “Johannes de Grimaldis, quondam domini Raynerii” divided their territories, by charter dated 13/14 May 1427, witnessed by “Oberto de Grimaldis cive Janue, Petro et Philippo de Grimaldis fratribus...”[352].

[Two brothers:]

1. ANSALDO Grimaldi . m ---. The name of Ansaldo’s wife is not known. Ansaldo & his wife had one child:

a) LUCA Grimaldi (-after 1466). Saige records that Luca Grimaldi “de la branche de Petralata [Prelà], fils d’Ansaldo et cousin germain d’Oberto” and his son Gian Baptista plotted in 1466 to seize Menton with help from Milan[353]. m ---. The name of Luca’s wife is not known. Luca & his wife had one child:

i) GIAN BATTISTA Grimaldi . Saige records that Luca Grimaldi “de la branche de Petralata [Prelà], fils d’Ansaldo et cousin germain d’Oberto” and his son Gian Baptista plotted in 1466 to seize Menton with help from Milan[354].

2. [--- .] m ---. One child:

a) OBERTO Grimaldi (-after 6 Oct 1428). A charter dated 16 Apr 1421 records an alliance between “nobilis Obertus de Grimaldis, quondam Luce, procurator...Ambrosii, Antonii et Johannis fratrum de Grimaldis, quondam domini Raynerii, militum, dominorum Mentoni, Rochabrune et Monaci” and “communitatis Florentie” regulated Florentine commerce[355]. “Ambrosius de Grimaldis, quondam domini Raynerii, ex dominis Mentoni...” and “Johannes de Grimaldis, quondam domini Raynerii” divided their territories, by charter dated 13/14 May 1427, witnessed by “Oberto de Grimaldis cive Janue, Petro et Philippo de Grimaldis fratribus...”[356]. “Nicolaus de Grimaldis condominus Mentoni, ac ipse Nicolaus et Obertus de Grimaldis quondam domini Luce, civis Janue, procuratores...Ambrosii, Georgii et Honorati de Grimaldis condominorum Mentoni et Rochebrune” and “Johannes de Grimaldis, quondam domini Raynerii” swore allegiance to Filippo Maria Visconti Duke of Milan by charter dated 6 Oct 1428[357].

Three brothers:

1. INGO Grimaldi (-before 18 Mar 1449). “Pomellina uxor...Johannis de Grimaldis, quondam domini Rainieri” agreed a treaty with the Genoese for the defence of Monaco, naming “Thomas de Campo Fregoso...dux Januensium” and “dominus Ingo legum doctor ac Dorinus et Lucianus, omnes tres Grimaldi” as representatives, by charter dated 31 Jul 1437[358]. He is named as deceased in the 18 Mar 1449 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Ingo’s wife is not known. Ingo & his wife had one child:

a) BORELLO Grimaldi . A charter dated 18 Mar 1449 records another alliance between “Boruel de Grimaldis quondam domini Ingonis, procurator...militis domini Johannis de Grimaldis, quondam domini Rainerii” and “dominus Lodovicus de Campo Fregoso...dux Januensium” and the commune of Genoa[359].

2. DORINO Grimaldi . “Pomellina uxor...Johannis de Grimaldis, quondam domini Rainieri” agreed a treaty with the Genoese for the defence of Monaco, naming “Thomas de Campo Fregoso...dux Januensium” and “dominus Ingo legum doctor ac Dorinus et Lucianus, omnes tres Grimaldi” as representatives, by charter dated 31 Jul 1437[360].

3. LUCIANO Grimaldi . “Pomellina uxor...Johannis de Grimaldis, quondam domini Rainieri” agreed a treaty with the Genoese for the defence of Monaco, naming “Thomas de Campo Fregoso...dux Januensium” and “dominus Ingo legum doctor ac Dorinus et Lucianus, omnes tres Grimaldi” as representatives, by charter dated 31 Jul 1437[361].

1. GIORGIO Grimaldi . He is named in the 8 Jun 1545 marriage charter of his granddaughter Isabella, quoted below. m ---. The name of Giorgio’s wife is not known. Giorgio & his wife had four children:

a) STEFANO Grimaldi ([1491]-before 11 Jun 1561, bur Monaco Saint-Nicolas). A charter dated 23 Apr 1532 records the deliberations of the governing council of Monaco concerning the proposals made by “messer Ansaldo et messer Nicolo Grimaldo in compagnia de madama de Torretta, ameda de predicto signore Honorato, et messer Giovanni Francesco da Galarato et messer Peiron Grimaldo de Nizza” about “la custodia del signor Honorato”, proposing “Stephano Grimaldo fratello di esso messer Nicolo...in compania de li prefacti madama de Torretta...”[362]. “Honoratus Grimaldus Monaci...dominus Campaniæque marchio” confirmed his parental inheritance, and transferred his sovereign authority to “dominum Stephanum Grimaldum gubernatorem”, by charter dated 6/11 Dec 1540[363].

b) GIAN BATTISTA Grimaldi . His parentage is confirmed by his daughter’s 8 Jun 1545 marriage charter, quoted below. m ---. The name of Gian Battista’s wife is not known. Gian Battista & his wife had one child:

i) ISABELLA Grimaldi (-Genoa 1585). A charter dated 8 Jun 1545 records the marriage by proxy in Genoa of “dominam Isabelam filiam...domini Johannis Baptiste de Grimaldis patricii Genuensium...quondam domini Georgii patricius Geneuensium...per nobilem dominum Barnabam de Grimaldis quondam domini Juliani” and “dominum Gometium Xuarez de Figheroa...procuratorem...Honorati Grimaldi Moneci...domini Campanie marchionis...medio...domini Stephani Grimaldi...vice patris...gubernatoris...domini Jo. Baptiste fratris”, in the presence of “...dominorum Jacobi et Jeronimi fratrum de Grimaldis quondam domini Georgii, domini Gasparis de Grimaldis de Bracelis...Luchinete uxoris prefati domini Jeronimi de Grimaldis, Martine uxoris domini Baptiste de Grimaldis, Peyrinete uxoris domini Luce de Grimaldis, Orietine uxoris domini Pauli de Grimaldis, quondam domini Bernardi, Baptine uxoris prefacti domini Gasparis de Grimaldis de Bracelis”[364]. The marriage was ratified by Honoré by charter dated 18 Jun 1545[365]. The testament of “Honoratus Grimaldus Moneci...dominus et Campanie marchio”, dated 27 Sep 1581, bequeathed property to “Isabelle Grimaldi son épouse...”[366]. m (by proxy Genoa 8 Jun 1545) HONORE [I] Seigneur de Monaco, son of LUCIEN Grimaldi Seigneur de Monaco & his wife Jeanne de Pontevès ([1520/22?]-7 Oct 1581, bur Monaco Saint-Nicolas).

c) GIACOPO Grimaldi . His parentage is confirmed by the 8 Jun 1545 marriage charter of his niece Isabella which records the presence of “...dominorum Jacobi et Jeronimi fratrum de Grimaldis quondam domini Georgii...”[367].

d) HIERONIMO Grimaldi . His parentage is confirmed by the 8 Jun 1545 marriage charter of his niece Isabella which records the presence of “...dominorum Jacobi et Jeronimi fratrum de Grimaldis quondam domini Georgii...”[368].

E. GENOA - SPINOLA

1. GUIDO [I] Spinola (-after 1110). The Annals of Caffaro name "Willielmus Embriacus…Guido Spinola" among the consuls of Genoa in 1102 and 1110[369].

2. OBERTO [I] Spinola (-after 20 Jul 1182). The Annals of Caffaro name "…Obertus Spinola" among the consuls of Genoa in 1143, 1149, 1154, 1157, 1161, and 1163[370]. The Annals of Oberto Cancellario name "…Oberto Spinula…" among the consuls of Genoa in 1167 and 1172[371]. "Ribaldus Bissacia, Bissacius filius eius, Obertus Spinola, Henricus Auria, Henricus Delesalve, Rubaldus frater eius, Otto de Caffaro, Otto Pezulus, Bauduinus Comes, et Embriacetus filius quondam Ugonis Embriac, et Rubeus de Volta" witnessed the charter dated 20 Jul 1182 which records an agreement between the Republic of Genoa and "Henricus Marchio Saonæ…Marchiones Otto et Henricus filii Henrici Marchionis"[372].

3. ANSALDO Spinola (-after 1159). The Annals of Caffaro name "…Ansaldus Spinola" among the consuls of Genoa in 1152 and 1159[373].

4. GUIDO [II] Spinola (-after 1203). The Annals of Ottobono name "Guido Spinula consul communis…Nichola Embriacus…" among those present at the siege of Acre in [1189/90][374]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis name "Willielmus Embriacus…Guido Spinula" among the consuls of Genoa in 1201[375]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis name "…Guidonem Spinulam" among the advisers of "dominus Guifredotus Grassellus, Mediolanensis civis" in Genoa in 1203[376]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis name "Guidonem Spinulam" as one of the ambassadors sent by Genoa to the Pisans in 1210[377].

5. OBERTO [II] Spinola (-after Nov 1217). The Annals of Ottobono record the sieges of "turri Oberti de Grimaldo et in nova turri Oberti Spinule" in 1194[378]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis name "…Obertus Spinula" among the consuls of Genoa in 1207 and 1214[379]. The consuls of Genoa "…Obertus Spinola" enfeoffed "Octoni de Carreto marchioni et civi Januensi et Ugoni filio vestro" with "castrum Carii" by charter dated 25 Jul 1214[380]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis name "Obertus Spinula" among those who were sent to Rome in Nov 1217 to hear the Pope pronounce peace between the Genoese and the Pisans[381].

6. GUGLIELMO Spinola (-after 1216). The Annals of Ogerio Panis name "…Willielmus Spinula" among the consuls of Genoa in 1207[382]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis records that "Ottobonus et Willielmus Spinula" fought the Pisans in 1207[383]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis name "Philippus Embriacus…Wilielmus Spinulla" among the consuls of Genoa in 1216[384].

7. OTTOBONO Spinola (-after 1207). The Annals of Ogerio Panis records that "Ottobonus et Willielmus Spinula" fought the Pisans in 1207[385].

8. GIOVANNI Spinola (-after 1223). The Annals of Marchisio name "Willielmum Ugonis Embriacum…Iohannem Spinulam…" among those involved in the administration of the commune of Genoa in 1223[386].

9. GIOVANNI Spinola (-after 15 Jul 1254). “...Iohannes Spinula...Daniel Spinula...Guido Spinula baionus...” subscribed the 15 Jul 1254 charter which records the settlement of disputes between Genoa and Pisa[387].

10. DANIELE Spinola (-after 15 Jul 1254). “...Iohannes Spinula...Daniel Spinula...Guido Spinula baionus...” subscribed the 15 Jul 1254 charter which records the settlement of disputes between Genoa and Pisa[388].

11. GUIDO Spinola (-after 15 Jul 1254). “...Iohannes Spinula...Daniel Spinula...Guido Spinula baionus...” subscribed the 15 Jul 1254 charter which records the settlement of disputes between Genoa and Pisa[389].

1. LAMBERTO Spinola . m ISABELLA de Lacon-Gunale, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her family origin and marriage has not been identified. Lamberto & his wife had children:

a) AGNESE Spinola . The primary source which confirms her possible parentage and marriage has not been identified. m as his first wife, MANFREDO Marchese di Gavi, son of GIOVANNI Marchese di Gavi & his wife Maria --- (-after 1289).

1. NICCOLÒ Spinola (-before 26 Nov 1258). He is named as deceased in the 26 Nov 1258 testament quoted below. m ---. The name of Niccolò’s wife is not known. Niccolò & his wife had three children:

a) GIOVANNI Spinola (-before 26 Nov 1258). His parentage is confirmed by the testament of his wife "Aldina uxor Johannis Spinule filii quondam Nicolai Spinule", dated 26 Nov 1258[390]. m ALDINA, daughter of --- (-after 26 Nov 1258, bur Genoa Santi Siri). The testament of "Aldina uxor Johannis Spinule filii quondam Nicolai Spinule", dated 26 Nov 1258, provided for her burial "apud ecclesiam Sancti Siri de Janua" and made religious bequests, witnessed by "Enricus Spinula quondam Nicolai Spinule…Bonifacius Spinula quondam Nicolai Spinule"[391].

b) ENRICO Spinola (-after 26 Nov 1258). The testament of "Aldina uxor Johannis Spinule filii quondam Nicolai Spinule", dated 26 Nov 1258, provided for her burial "apud ecclesiam Sancti Siri de Janua" and made religious bequests, witnessed by "Enricus Spinula quondam Nicolai Spinule…Bonifacius Spinula quondam Nicolai Spinule"[392].

c) BONIFAZIO Spinola (-after 26 Nov 1258). The testament of "Aldina uxor Johannis Spinule filii quondam Nicolai Spinule", dated 26 Nov 1258, provided for her burial "apud ecclesiam Sancti Siri de Janua" and made religious bequests, witnessed by "Enricus Spinula quondam Nicolai Spinule…Bonifacius Spinula quondam Nicolai Spinule"[393].

2. INGETTO Spinola (-before 26 Jun 1304). He is named as deceased in the 26 Jun 1304 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Ingetto’s wife is not known. Ingetto & his wife had one child:

a) NICCOLÒ Spinola (-after 9 Jul 1338). Charles II King of Sicily freed fiefs “in castro Monaci...Turbie vel Nicie” granted to “quondam Ingetti Spinule de Janua militis et Nicolosi Spinule de Janua militis nati eius” from feudal obligations by charter dated 26 Jun 1304[394]. “Dominus Nicolosus Sinula milex natus quondam...domini Ingueti Spinule militis” sold houses in Monaco to “domino Rabelle de Grimaldis nato quondam domini Gabrielis de Grimaldis militis” by charter dated 9 Jul 1338[395].

1. RINALDO Spinola . m ---. The name of Rinaldo’s wife is not known. Rinaldo & his wife had one child:

a) OBIZZO Spinola (-after 1270). The Historia Sicula of Bartolomeo di Novocastro names "Conradus de Antiochia et Margarita soror eius" as the two children of "Fridericus de Antiochia" and his wife, adding that "Margarita" and her husband (unnamed) had "Beatricem" who married "Opizo filio Raynaldi Spinule"[396]. The Chronicon Astense records that "Obertus Spinola et Obertus Auria" were installed as "capitanei generales Januæ" in 1270[397]. m BEATRICE, daughter of --- & his wife Margherita di Antiochia. The Historia Sicula of Bartolomeo di Novocastro names "Conradus de Antiochia et Margarita soror eius" as the two children of "Fridericus de Antiochia" and his wife, adding that "Margarita" and her husband (unnamed) had "Beatricem" who married "Opizo filio Raynaldi Spinule"[398]. Obizzo & [his wife] had one child:

i) CORRADO Spinola . The Chronicon Astense records that "Conradum filium Oberti Spinolæ" was installed as "capitaneum…Januæ" after the death of his father[399]. m ARGENTINA Fiesco, daughter of OPIZZONE Fiesco & his wife Simona ---. The name of Corrado’s wife is not known. Corrado & his wife had two children:

(a) SBARALIA Spinola . The Chronicon Astense records that, during the rebellion of "Grimaldi" after the appointment of Corrado Spinola and Corrado Spinola as "capitanei…Januæ", "Sbaralia filius Conradi Spinolæ" was killed[400].

(b) OBIZZO Spinola di Lucoli (-1315). The Chronicon Astense records that "Opicinus eius filius" was installed as "capitaneus" after the death of "Conradus Spinola"[401]. m VIOLANTE di Saluzzo, daughter of TOMMASO I Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Aloisia di Ceva. Obizzo & his wife had two children:

(1) ARGENTINA Spinola . The Chronicon Astense records the marriage in 1306 of "Theodorus filius Imperatoris Græcorum" and "filiam Opecini Spinolæ dicti de Luculis tunc Capitanei Januæ…Argentinam"[402]. Pachymeres records the marriage of "quidam Spinulus…filia" and "filium imperatoris Theodorum", dated to [1306] from the context[403]. Benvenuto di San Giorgio, quoting Ruffino Ventura Astense, records the marriage of "Theodorus filius Imperatoris Græcorum" and "filiam Oppicini Spinulæ tunc Capitanei Januæ…Argentinam"[404]. m (1306) TEODORO Paleologo Marchese di Monferrato, son of Emperor ANDRONIKOS II & his second wife Yolanda [Eirene] di Monferrato ([1291]-21 Apr 1338).

(2) --- Spinola . The Chronicon Astense records that "Comes Philippus de Langusco Papiæ Comes" married "aliam filiam [Opecini] Spinulæ [dicti de Luculis tunc Capitanei Januæ]"[405]. m FILIPPO di Langusco Conte di Pavia, son of ---.

1. OBIZZO Spinola (-after 1310). A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “comes Philipponus, Johannes de Saluciis, Francischus marchio Cravezane, Franciscus Malaspina et filii, Isnardus Malaspina, Conradus de Carreto, Francischinus eius filius, Enricus de Carreto et eius filii, Raymondinus de Incisa, Jacobus de Incisa, Henricetus de Ponzono, Conradinus de Ponzono, Conradinus de Ponzono, Benedictus marchio Ceve, Georgius de Busca...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[406].

2. RAINALDO Spinola (-after 1310). A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo” and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[407].

3. ODOARDO Spinola (-after 1310). A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo” and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[408].

F. LAVAGNA (FIESCHI)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below. Many of the sources which have been found identify the relationships in the later generations of the Fieschi family only as "nepos/neptis" of the two Popes Innocent IV and Adrian V. This suggests that the following outline, mainly copied from secondary sources, may in large part be speculative and should be treated with caution until further primary source data emerges.

1. GERARDO (-after 4 Oct 1158). Conte di Lavagna. "Dominum Opizonem Malaspina marchionem filium quondam domni Alberti marchionis…ex natione…Langobardorum" sold the castle and town of Pizzocorno to the monastery of Sant’Alberto di Butrio by charter dated 4 Oct 1158, witnessed by "Ghirardi comitis de Lavagna…"[409].

2. ROBALDO [I] Fiesco . Conte di Lavagna. 1060. m ---. The name of Robaldo's wife is not known. Robaldo [I] & his wife had one child:

a) TEDISIO [I] Fiesco (-1128). Conte di Lavagna. m ---. The name of Tedisio's wife is not known. Tedisio [I] & his wife had one child:

i) ROBALDO [II] Fiesco . Conte di Lavagna. 1128. m ---. The name of Robaldo's wife is not known. Robaldo [II] & his wife had one child:

(a) TEDISIO [II] Fiesco (-after 21 Jul 1262). Conte di Lavagna. A charter dated 21 Jul 1262 records a peace treaty between Charles d’Anjou Comte de Provence and the commune of Genoa represented by “domini Thedisius de Flisco comes Lavannie, Bovarellus de Grimaldo et Marchisinus de Cassino” concerning rights “in comitatu Vintimilli”[410]. m ---. The name of Tedisio's wife is not known. Tedisio [II] & his wife had one child:

(1) UGO [I] Fieschi (-1205 or after). Conte di Lavagna. 1178/1205.

- see below.

UGO [I] Fieschi, son of TEDISIO [II] Fieschi Conte di Lavagna & his wife --- (-1205 or after). Conte di Lavagna. "Ugonem Comitem de Lavagna" reached agreement with the bishop of Lucca regarding "Castroveteri de Garsagnana" by charter dated 22 Nov 1179[411]. 1205.

m --- Grillo, daughter of AMICO Grillo & his wife ---.

Ugo [I] & his wife had four children:

1. TEODORO Fiesco (-before 19 Feb 1248). Conte di Lavagna.

- see below.

2. SINIBALDO Fiesco (Genoa-7 Dec 1254). He was elected as Pope INNOCENT IV in 1243.

3. OPIZZONE Fiesco . 1213. m SIMONA, daughter of ---. Opizzone & his wife had four children:

a) ENRICO Fiesco . 1282. Cardinal.

b) --- Fiesco . The Diurnali of Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo records that "Messer Rugiero de Sanseverino" married "la sorore del conte di Fiesco"[412]. m RUGGERO Sanseverino Conte di Marsico, son of TOMMASO Sanseverino Conte di Marsico and Perna & his wife --- (-[1277/86]).

c) ARGENTINA Fiesco . 1284. m CORRADO Spinola Capitano di Genova, son of OBIZZO Spinola & his wife Beatrice ---.

d) UGOLINO Fieschi (-before 1281). m ALASIA, daughter of ---.

4. [---. m ---.] [One child:]

a) [TEDISIO . He was recorded as nepos of Pope Innocent IV, although the precise relationship is not known.] m SIMONA, daughter of RAIMONDO della Volta & his wife ---. Tedisio & his wife had three children:

i) CLARICIA (-after 9 May 1291). "Clarisia, wife of the late Manuele Zaccaria" appointed an agent for the sale of a female slave, on behalf of "her sons Tedisio, Leonardo, Odoardo and Manfred" dated 9 May 1291[413]. m (1268) as his second wife, MANUELE Zaccaria Lord of Phocea, son of FULCO Zaccaria & his [first/second] wife --- (-[1287/early 1288]).

ii) VITTORIA . m OTTOBONO del Carretto, son of ---.

iii) daughter . m SIMONE di Carmadino, son of ---.

1. ALBERTO Fiesco (-after 19 Feb 1251). Conte di Lavagna. “Albertus de Flisco, Iacobus de Flisco comites Lavanie...Ugo de Flisco comes Lavanie...Tedixius de Flisco comes Lavanie...” subscribed the charter dated 19 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and Savona[414].

2. GIACOPO Fiesco (-after 15 Jul 1254). Conte di Lavagna. “Albertus de Flisco, Iacobus de Flisco comites Lavanie...Ugo de Flisco comes Lavanie...Tedixius de Flisco comes Lavanie...” subscribed the charter dated 19 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and Savona[415]. “...Iacobus de Flisco...Thedixius de Flisco...” subscribed the 15 Jul 1254 charter which records the settlement of disputes between Genoa and Pisa[416].

3. UGO Fiesco (-after 19 Feb 1251). Conte di Lavagna. “Albertus de Flisco, Iacobus de Flisco comites Lavanie...Ugo de Flisco comes Lavanie...Tedixius de Flisco comes Lavanie...” subscribed the charter dated 19 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and Savona[417].

4. TEDISIO Fiesco (-after 15 Jul 1254). Conte di Lavagna. “Albertus de Flisco, Iacobus de Flisco comites Lavanie...Ugo de Flisco comes Lavanie...Tedixius de Flisco comes Lavanie...” subscribed the charter dated 19 Feb 1251 which records an alliance agreed between the commune of Genoa and Savona[418]. “...Iacobus de Flisco...Thedixius de Flisco...” subscribed the 15 Jul 1254 charter which records the settlement of disputes between Genoa and Pisa[419].

TEODORO Fiesco, son of UGO [I] Fiesco Conte di Lavagna & his wife --- Grillo (-before 19 Feb 1248). Conte di Lavagna .

m SIMONA, daughter of --- (-[after May 1273]). [She was named as a beneficiary under the May 1273 testament of Adalasia, quoted below, assuming that the latter was the daughter of Teodoro Fieschi and not of his brother Opizzone Fieschi.] .

Teodoro & his wife had [ten] children:

1. UGO Fiesco (-[1275/76]). m [BRUMISAN], daughter of ---.

2. ALBERTO Fiesco . Charles I King of Sicily requested the Genoese to respect the conventions agreed between him and “viros nobiles Albertum de Flisco et suos, Petrum de Grimaldo et suos...”, naming in particular “Percevalli de Flisco”, by charter dated 4 Aug 1273[420]. m ARGENTINA, daughter of ---.

3. NICCOLO Fiesco (-[1304/10]). Pope Innocent IV confirmed a grant to "Nicolao de Flisco Comiti Lavaniæ" by charter dated 17 Nov 1254[421]. m LEONORA, daughter of ---. Niccolo Fieschi & his wife had one child:

a) GIACOMINA Fiesco (-Ferrara Sep 1287, bur Ferrara Franciscans). The Annales S. Iustinæ Patavino record the marriage in 1263 of "Azo…marchio Estensis…nepotem" and "virginem nobilissimam, natione Ianuensem de progenie…pape Innocentii"[422]. The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam refers to the wife of "Opiçonem" as "papa Adrianus…propinquam"[423]. The Historia Ricobaldi Ferrariensis records that "Obizo" married "neptem cardinalis Otthoboni de Flisco Januensis…Jacominam"[424]. The Chronicon Estense records the death in Sep 1287 of "domina Jacobina de Flisco de Janua uxor…domini marchionis opizonis Estensis" in Ferrara and her burial "ad Fratres Minores"[425]. m (1263) as his first wife, OBIZZO [II] d'Este, legitimated son of RINALDO I Marchese d'Este & his mistress --- ([1247]-13 Feb 1293, bur Ferrara Franciscans). He succeeded as Marchese d'Este and Signore di Ferrara 1264.

4. BEATRICE Fiesco (-8/9 Jul 1283). Matthew Paris dates this marriage to 1251 and specifies that the bride (unnamed) was the niece of Pope Innocent IV who arranged her marriage with Thomas de Savoie, ex-Count of Flanders[426]. This marriage was arranged as part of the process of reconciliation between Thomas's brother, Amédée IV Comte de Savoie, and Pope Innocent IV following the death of Emperor Friedrich II in 1250[427]. Her dowry consisted of the castles of Rivoli and Viana with Vallesuessia[428]. The testament of "Beatrice Vedova del Re Berengario Conte di Provenza" dated 14 Jan 1264 makes a bequest to "…Beatrice Vedova del Conte Tomaso di Savoia…"[429]. The testament of "Adalasiæ relictæ Alberti junioris domini de Turre Pini et de Coloniaco", dated May 1273, bequeathed property to "…domine Comitisse del Borget consanguinee mee…Thome et Amedeo de Sabaudia filiis eiusdem…"[430]. The relationship between Beatrice and the testator has not yet been traced. The testament of "Thomas de Sabaudia primogenitus…domini Thomæ de Sabaudia comitis" dated 14 May 1282 makes bequests to "…matri meæ dominæ B. comitissæ"[431]. m (1251 after Jun) as his second wife, THOMAS Conte del Piemonte, son of THOMAS I Comte de Savoie & his wife Béatrice [Marguerite] de Genève (Château de Montmélian 1199-Chambéry 7 Feb 1259, bur Aosta Cathedral). He succeeded his brother in 1253 as THOMAS II Comte de Savoie, regent or co-ruler with his nephew.

5. FEDERICO Fiesco (-1303). By charter dated 10 Apr 1301, “...dominus Fredericus de Flisco...dominus Percevalis de Flisco...” agreed to return “castrum Monachi” to Charles II King of Sicily provided he agreed peace with Genoa within four months[432]. m TEODORA, daughter of RICCARDO Spinola & his wife ---. Federico Fieschi & his wife had one child:

a) ELIANA Fiesco . m ([1275]) BERNABÒ Doria Signore di Sasello e Logoduro, son of BRANCALEONE Doria & his wife Catarina Zancha ([1254]-[Jun 1325]).

6. OTTOBUONO Fiesco (-18 Aug 1276). He was elected as Pope ADRIAN V in 1276.

7. PERCEVALLE Fiesco (-1290). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "Percivallio de Lavania cognato meo…Aloysiæ de Canellis domicellæ Caracossæ uxoris meæ…sororis prædicti D. Percevalli…"[433]. same person as...? PERCEVALLE Fiesco (-after 10 Apr 1301). By charter dated 10 Apr 1301, “...dominus Fredericus de Flisco...dominus Percevalis de Flisco...” agreed to return “castrum Monachi” to Charles II King of Sicily provided he agreed peace with Genoa within four months[434].

8. AGNESE Fiesco . m OTTONE [III] del Carretto, son of ---.

9. CARACOSA Fiesco (-after Feb 1285). The testament of "Bonifacius marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, made bequests to "Percivallio de Lavania cognato meo…Aloysiæ de Canellis domicellæ Caracossæ uxoris meæ…sororis prædicti D. Percevalli…"[435]. m firstly BONIFAZIO Grimaldi, son of ---. m secondly BONIFAZIO Marchese di Carretto, son of ---.

10. [ADALASIA Fiesco (-after May 1273). Matthew Paris records that Pope Innocent IV arranged the marriage of his niece to "domino de Tur de Pin" in 1251 and that he accepted his bride "non ratione personæ muliebris, sed pecuniæ eam concomitantis"[436]. Her mother’s name is confirmed by the reference to her mother in the May 1273 testament quoted below. On the basis of the primary sources currently identified, her father could have been either Teodoro Fieschi or his brother Opizzone Fieschi, whose wives were both named Simona. The marriage presumably formed part of arrangements when Albert [III] swore homage to Pierre de Savoie in Sep 1250 for la Tour. “Adalasia dame de la Tour” placed under her protection “des hommes de la chartreuse” at the request of the prior of Portes by charter dated Mar 1251[437]. "Humbertus de Turre Delphinus Viennæ" confirmed the rights of "fratrum nostrum Dom. Albertum quondam dominum de Turre et de Coliniaco…dom. Alisiæ quondam uxori suæ" in "castrum sancti Saturnini…villam de Brango…villæ et castri Crimiaci…" as well as in all property (unspecified) which Alix had acquired from "Guefredo de Vireu domicello quondam filio Dom. Alberti de Vireu militis defuncti et Berengariæ eiusdem G. matris, quæ acquisita sunt in mandamento castri de Turre" and from "Giroudo Vimont quondam clerico", by charter dated Feb 1269, which also provides if "Alisiæ ad secundas nuptias convolaret"[438]. The family connections, if any, between Adalasia and Guifred de Virieu and Géraud Vimont are not specified in the document. In the case of the former, it seems unlikely that he was Adalasia’s first husband as the document refers to the possibility of her "secundas nuptias" not "tertias". In any case, Guifred de Virieu is named in a document dated 1267 (although it appears that he died before Feb 1269)[439], when Alix was already married to Albert [IV]. Maybe they were related to Adalasia through her mother. The testament of "Adalasiæ relictæ Alberti junioris domini de Turre Pini et de Coloniaco", dated May 1273, bequeathed property to "Humberto de Turre fratri domini mei et mariti mei…dominæ Simondæ…matri meæ…domine Comitisse del Borget consanguinee mee…Thome et Amedeo de Sabaudia filiis eiusdem…Hugoni de Turre senescallo Lugdun."[440]. Could "…domine Comitisse del Borget consanguinee mee… " in this document be Simone [Sibylle] Dame de Bâgé, wife of Amédée de Savoie whose mother was Adalasia’s sister? m ([Sep 1250/Mar 1251]) ALBERT [IV] Seigneur de la Tour, son of ALBERT [III] Seigneur de la Tour & his wife Béatrix de Coligny (-before Feb 1269).]

1. SINIBALDO Fiesco (-after 4 Oct 1326). Conte di Lavagna. Gioffredo records that “Sinibaldo Fiesco Conte di Lavagna vicario...” confirmed the sale of “le due parti [di Villafranca]” by charter dated 4 Oct 1326[441].

2. EMMANUELE Fiesco (-after 31 Jan 1328). Robert King of Sicily ordered payments to “...Manuelem de Flisco Lavanie comitem...Fredericum de Flisco...Manuelo de Flisco...” relating to their shipping services by charter dated 31 Jan 1328[442].

3. FEDERIGO Fiesco (-after 31 Jan 1328). Robert King of Sicily ordered payments to “...Manuelem de Flisco Lavanie comitem...Fredericum de Flisco...Manuelo de Flisco...” relating to their shipping services by charter dated 31 Jan 1328[443].

4. EMMANUELE Fiesco (-after 31 Jan 1328). Robert King of Sicily ordered payments to “...Manuelem de Flisco Lavanie comitem...Fredericum de Flisco...Manuelo de Flisco...” relating to their shipping services by charter dated 31 Jan 1328[444].

1. GIOVANNI Fiesco . He is named as deceased in his son’s 26 Oct 1386 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Giovanni’s wife is not known. Giovanni & his wife had one child:

a) CARLO Fiesco . Conte di Lavagna. “Dominus Karolus de Flisco palatinus et Lavanie comes filius...quondam domini Iohannis...et nomine dominorum Ludovici...cardinalis et Antonii militis filiorum et heredum quondam...domini Nicolai de Flischo nec non nomine...Manfredi de Flischo filii quondam Antonii” acknowledged fiefs held from the commune of Genoa by charter dated 26 Oct 1386[445].

2. NICCOLÒ Fiesco (-before 26 Oct 1386). Conte di Lavagna. He is named as deceased in the 26 Oct 1386 charter quoted below.] m ---. The name of Niccolò’s wife is not known. Niccolò & his wife had two children:

a) ANTONIO Fiesco . “Dominus Karolus de Flisco palatinus et Lavanie comes filius...quondam domini Iohannis...et nomine dominorum Ludovici...cardinalis et Antonii militis filiorum et heredum quondam...domini Nicolai de Flischo nec non nomine...Manfredi de Flischo filii quondam Antonii” acknowledged fiefs held from the commune of Genoa by charter dated 26 Oct 1386[446].

b) LODOVICO Fiesco . “Dominus Karolus de Flisco palatinus et Lavanie comes filius...quondam domini Iohannis...et nomine dominorum Ludovici...cardinalis et Antonii militis filiorum et heredum quondam...domini Nicolai de Flischo nec non nomine...Manfredi de Flischo filii quondam Antonii” acknowledged fiefs held from the commune of Genoa by charter dated 26 Oct 1386[447].

3. JANOTO Fiesco . Conte di Lavagna. m ---. The name of Janoto’s wife is not known. Janoto & his wife had one child:

a) ANTONIO Fiesco (-before 26 Oct 1386). His parentage is confirmed by the 1389 charter quoted below. He is named as deceased in the 26 Oct 1386 charter quoted below.] m ---. The name of Antonio’s wife is not known. Antonio & his wife had two children:

i) MANFREDO Fiesco . “Dominus Karolus de Flisco palatinus et Lavanie comes filius...quondam domini Iohannis...et nomine dominorum Ludovici...cardinalis et Antonii militis filiorum et heredum quondam...domini Nicolai de Flischo nec non nomine...Manfredi de Flischo filii quondam Antonii” acknowledged fiefs held from the commune of Genoa by charter dated 26 Oct 1386[448].

ii) LINO Fiesco . “Lino filia quondam Antonii de Flischo quondam Ianoti Lavanie comitis”, with the consent of “Nicolai de Levanto quondam Manfredi sui curatoris”, received property “que fuerunt dicti quondam Antonii de Flischo...in casu que...Manfredum [...absentis] dicti quondam Antonii de Flischo non vivere” for her marriage to “Leonardum filium Thome Rauscherii comitis Lavanie” by charter dated 1389[449]. m (after 1389) LEONARDO, son of TOMMASO Rauscherio & his wife ---.

1. GIAN FILIPPO Fiesco (-after 15 Feb 1458). Conte di Lavagna. “Lambertus de Grimaldis dominus Monaci” appointed “dominum Johannem Andream de Grimaldis eiusdem fratrem, legum studentem, necnon...Lucham Lanterum de Vintimilio” to negotiate an alliance with “domino Johanne Filipo de Flisco Lavanie comite...et Januensium armirato...”, in the presence of “domino Lucha de Grimaldis condomino Menthoni, utriusque juris doctore...”, by charter dated 15 Feb 1458[450].

G. MARCHESI di MALASPINA

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

ALBERTO detto Malaspina, son of --- (-[1141]).

m firstly ADELISA [Alvisa], daughter of Marchese ALBERTO & his wife ---.

m secondly PICENNA, daughter of ---.

Alberto & his [first/second] wife had four children:

1. GUGLIELMO (-after 1167). "Guilielmus marchio Malaspina" enfeoffed "Albertum Balbum" with the castle of Brugnatello by charter dated 19/20 Jun 1146[451].

2. OBIZZO [I] (-after 1185). "Dominum Opizonem Malaspina marchionem filium quondam domni Alberti marchionis…ex natione…Langobardorum" sold the castle and town of Pizzocorno to the monastery of Sant’Alberto di Butrio by charter dated 4 Oct 1158, witnessed by "Ghirardi comitis de Lavagna…"[452]. "…Opizo Malaspine…" witnessed a charter dated 6 Apr 1161 which records an agreement between Emperor Friedrich I and "Lambertum consulem" of Genoa with the Pisan legates[453]. The prior of San Marziano di Tortona enfeoffed "Opizonem marchionem filium quondam Alberti marchionis Malaspinæ" with property by charter dated 13 Dec 1165[454]. The Annals of Ottobono record that the dispute between the city of Genoa and "marchionem Malaspinam et filim eius Murrielem" was settled in 1174[455]. m MARIA Bianco, daughter of GUGLIELMO Bianco Signor di Vezzano & his wife ---. Obizzo [I] & his wife had three children:

a) MORUELLO (-after [1197/99]). Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Moruellus marchio Malaspina" entered "cum Parmensibus in Valle Tarii" in 1166 and settled "juxta Turrim de Turre"[456]. The Annals of Ottobono record that the dispute between the city of Genoa and "marchionem Malaspinam et filium eius Murrielem" was settled in 1174[457]. "Muruel et Albertus et Opizo marchiones Malaspinæ germani filii quondam Opizonis marchio Malaspina" donated land at Pizzocorno to the monastery of Sant’Alberto di Butrio by charter dated 30 Dec 1186[458]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Moruellum Malaspinam" captured "castrum Montis Arzoli" in 1187[459]. "Dominus Muruellus et Albertus [eius] frater marchiones Malespine" donated revenue to the church of Tortona, in the presence of "domini Gulielmi marchionis de Palodio", by charter dated 30 Aug 1194[460]. "Dominus Muruellus marchiones Malaspina" donated revenue to the church of Tortona, and confirmed donations by "frater eius Albertus et Curradus nepos", by charter dated 26 Feb 1195[461]. m ---, of the Frangipani family

i) ADELASIA Malaspina (-after 1206). m as his first wife, GUGLIELMO di Massa Judge of Cagliari, son of OBERTO di Massa Marchese di Corsica & his wife Giorgia di Cagliari (-1214).

ii) GUGLIELMO (-[May 1218/1219]). “Albertus filius quondam Opizonis Malespine et Guillielmus filius quondam Murruelli marchionis Malespine” swore allegiance to Genoa by charter dated 9 May 1199[462]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis record that "Willielmus Malaspina" claimed "castrum Coruarie" in 1210 but that, when the castle was returned to the Genoese, "Willielmus et Conradus Malaspina" did not wish to make war[463]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis record that war broke out between "Wilielmus Malaspina et Conradus" and Genoa in May 1218[464]. m ---. The name of Guglielmo's wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had one child:

(a) OPIZZINO (-[1249/after 1253]). The Annals of Ogerio Panis record that "Conrado et Opitione marchionibus Malaspine, Ottone atque Enrico marchionibus de Carretto, Bonifatio marchione Crauexane, filio Wilielmi marchionis de Ceua" attacked Ventimiglia in 1219[465]. A charter dated 6 Oct 1223 records the return of the castle of Cella di Bobbio from the commune of Tortona to "marchiones Conradum et Opizonem Malaspinas" on condition that they swear allegiance to the bishop of Tortona[466]. Ancestor of the family dello SPINO FIORITO. m CATERINA Cattaneo, daughter of NICCOLO Cattaneo della Volta, Patrizio di Genova & his wife ---.

iii) CORRADO (-after 1200). The Annals of Ogerio Panis record that "Willielmus Malaspina" claimed "castrum Coruarie" in 1210 but that, when the castle was returned to the Genoese, "Willielmus et Conradus Malaspina" did not wish to make war [467]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis record that war broke out between "Wilielmus Malaspina et Conradus" and Genoa in May 1218[468]. The Annals of Ogerio Panis record that "Conrado et Opitione marchionibus Malaspine, Ottone atque Enrico marchionibus de Carretto, Bonifatio marchione Crauexane, filio Wilielmi marchionis de Ceua" attacked Ventimiglia in 1219[469]. m URICA, from Sardinia. Heiress of the castle of Osilo and the fiefs of Coros and Figulina.

iv) OPIZZINO .

b) ALBERTO MORO (-1212). "Muruel et Albertus et Opizo marchiones Malaspinæ germani filii quondam Opizonis marchio Malaspina" donated land at Pizzocorno to the monastery of Sant’Alberto di Butrio by charter dated 30 Dec 1186[470]. "Dominus Muruellus et Albertus [eius] frater marchiones Malespine" donated revenue to the church of Tortona, in the presence of "domini Gulielmi marchionis de Palodio", by charter dated 30 Aug 1194[471]. "Dominus Muruellus marchiones Malaspina" donated revenue to the church of Tortona, and confirmed donations by "frater eius Albertus et Curradus nepos", by charter dated 26 Feb 1195[472]. “Albertus filius quondam Opizonis Malespine et Guillielmus filius quondam Murruelli marchionis Malespine” swore allegiance to Genoa by charter dated 9 May 1199[473]. m (before 22 Aug 1202) --- di Monferrato, daughter of GUGLIELMO V "il Vecchio" Marchese di Montferrato & his wife Judith of Austria [Babenberg].

i) CARACOSA . m Marchese ALBERTO [III] di Gavi, son of ALBERT [II] Marchese di Gavi & his wife --- (-[1269]).

c) OBIZZO [II] (-[1193]). "Muruel et Albertus et Opizo marchiones Malaspinæ germani filii quondam Opizonis marchio Malaspina" donated land at Pizzocorno to the monastery of Sant’Alberto di Butrio by charter dated 30 Dec 1186[474]. m RICHELDA Frangipani, or GIORDANA . Obizzo [II] & his wife had two children:

i) CORRADO (-[1253/54]). "Dominus Muruellus marchiones Malaspina" donated revenue to the church of Tortona, and confirmed donations by "frater eius Albertus et Curradus nepos", by charter dated 26 Feb 1195[475]. A charter dated 6 Oct 1223 records the return of the castle of Cella di Bobbio from the commune of Tortona to "marchiones Conradum et Opizonem Malaspinas" on condition that they swear allegiance to the bishop of Tortona[476]. Ancestor of the family dello SPINO SECCO.

ii) GUGLIELMO . Benedictine monk.

3. son .

4. daughter . m SIGIBALDO, son of ---.

Four brothers, parents not identified:

1. FEDERIGO di Malaspina (-before 16 Apr 1277). Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Fredericum, Manfredum, et Moruellem fratres de Malaspina" entered "Campanam Florentinorum…cum Lucensibus" in 1260[477]. He is named as deceased in the 16 Apr 1277 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Federigo’s wife is not known. Federigo & his wife had three children:

a) CORRADO di Malaspina . “Thomas filius quondam domini Frederici marchionis Malaspine...et procuratorio...Conradi et Opecini fratrum meorum” sold “medietate pro indiviso trium partium hoc est trium quarteriorum castri...Oguade...Russilioni” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 16 Apr 1277[478]. “Manfredus marchio Malaspina...et...Murruelli et Alberti fratrum meorum Conradi Thome et Opecini filiorum quondam domini Frederici fratris mei” sold “castrum Archole” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 25 Jun 1278[479].

b) TOMMASO di Malaspina . “Thomas filius quondam domini Frederici marchionis Malaspine...et procuratorio...Conradi et Opecini fratrum meorum” sold “medietate pro indiviso trium partium hoc est trium quarteriorum castri...Oguade...Russilioni” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 16 Apr 1277[480]. “Thomas filius quondam domini Frederici marchionis Malaspine” declared himself vassal of Genoa for “locus...Molaria” by charter dated 12 Apr 1278[481]. “Manfredus marchio Malaspina...et...Murruelli et Alberti fratrum meorum Conradi Thome et Opecini filiorum quondam domini Frederici fratris mei” sold “castrum Archole” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 25 Jun 1278[482].

c) OBIZZO di Malaspina . “Thomas filius quondam domini Frederici marchionis Malaspine...et procuratorio...Conradi et Opecini fratrum meorum” sold “medietate pro indiviso trium partium hoc est trium quarteriorum castri...Oguade...Russilioni” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 16 Apr 1277[483]. “Manfredus marchio Malaspina...et...Murruelli et Alberti fratrum meorum Conradi Thome et Opecini filiorum quondam domini Frederici fratris mei” sold “castrum Archole” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 25 Jun 1278[484].

2. MANFREDO di Malaspina (-after 25 Jun 1278). Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Fredericum, Manfredum, et Moruellem fratres de Malaspina" entered "Campanam Florentinorum…cum Lucensibus" in 1260[485]. “Manfredus marchio Malaspina...et...Murruelli et Alberti fratrum meorum Conradi Thome et Opecini filiorum quondam domini Frederici fratris mei” sold “castrum Archole” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 25 Jun 1278[486].

3. MORUELLO di Malaspina (-after 25 Jun 1278). Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Fredericum, Manfredum, et Moruellem fratres de Malaspina" entered "Campanam Florentinorum…cum Lucensibus" in 1260[487]. “Manfredus marchio Malaspina...et...Murruelli et Alberti fratrum meorum Conradi Thome et Opecini filiorum quondam domini Frederici fratris mei” sold “castrum Archole” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 25 Jun 1278[488].

4. ALBERTO di Malaspina (-after 25 Jun 1278). “Manfredus marchio Malaspina...et...Murruelli et Alberti fratrum meorum Conradi Thome et Opecini filiorum quondam domini Frederici fratris mei” sold “castrum Archole” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 25 Jun 1278[489].

1. FRANCESCO Malaspina . A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Franciscus Malaspina et filii, Isnardus Malaspina...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[490].

2. ISNARDO Malaspina . A charter dated Apr 1310 records peace terms proposed between “domini Opecinus, Raynaldus et Oddoardus Spinule de Luculo”, including their supporters “...Franciscus Malaspina et filii, Isnardus Malaspina...”, and the commune of Genoa respecting conventions relating to “Monaco”[491].

3. MORUELLO di Malaspina ). Marchese di Malaspina. m ARGENTINA Grimaldi, daughter of ANTONIO Grimaldi co-Seigneur de Monaco & his wife Catarina Doria. Saige records her parentage and marriage[492].

1. FEDERIGO Malaspina di Lurizana . m AGNESE di Bosco, daughter of GUGLIELMO Marchese di Bosco & his wife ---. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Agnes filia D. Gullielmi de Bosco de stirpe Bonifacii filii filiorum Alerami" married "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana", dated to the 13th century from the context[493].

- MARCHESI di BOSCO (MALASPINA).

1. TOMMASO di Malaspina . Marchese di Malaspina. m firstly CLEMENTIA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the 19 Mar 1390 charter quoted below. m secondly UGHETA, daughter of ---. ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the 19 Mar 1390 charter quoted below. Tommaso & his first wife had two children:

a) ISNARDO de Malaspina (-before 19 Mar 1390). His parentage is confirmed by the 19 Mar 1390 charter quoted below, which records that Isnardo killed his brother Antonio and appropriated the property of his children. m ---. The name of Isnardo’s wife is not known. Isnardo & his wife had one child:

i) TOMMASO di Malaspina (-before 27 Jan 1402). His parentage is confirmed by the 19 Mar 1390 charter quoted below, which records that he inherited his father’s property. Marchese id Malaspina. He is named as deceased in the 27 Jan 1402 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Tommaso’s wife is not known. Tomaso & his wife had one child:

(1) GIACOPO di Malaspina . Marchese di Malaspina. “Dominus Iacobus marchio Malaspina natus quondam domini Thome marchionis Malaspine” swore allegiance to Charles VI King of France by charter dated 27 Jan 1402[494].

b) ANTONIO di Malaspina . His parentage is confirmed by the 19 Mar 1390 charter quoted below, which records that he was killed by his brother Antonio who appropriated the property of Antonio’s children. m ---. The name of Antonio’s wife is not known. Antonio & his wife had three children:

i) GIACOPO di Malaspina . The commune of Genoa restored “castra...Cormorinum Muribellum Murizascum Cassinelas Molerias et dimidiam Trisobii”, held in fief by “quondam dominus Thomas marchio Malaspine” whose testament bequeathed it to “Isnardum et Antonium filios suos et domine Clemencie prime uxoris sue et Iacobum et Georgium suos etiam natos ex domina Ugheta secunda uxore” after which “dictus Isnardus commisit scelus nephandum in personam Antonii” and occupied all his lands expelling “uxorem dicti quondam Antonii pregnantem de me Antonio supradicto et me dictum Iacobum et Georgium fratrem meum male tractando, ita quod dictus quondam Georgius decessit” how held by “quondam Isnardus...Thomas eius filius”, to “Iacobi et Antonii pupilli et marchionibus Malaspine” by charter dated 19 Mar 1390[495].

ii) GIORGIO di Malaspina (-before 19 Mar 1390). His parentage is confirmed by the 19 Mar 1390 charter quoted above, which names him as deceased at the time.

iii) ANTONIO di Malaspina . His parentage is confirmed by the 19 Mar 1390 charter quoted above.

Tommaso & his second wife had two children:

c) GIACOPO di Malaspina . His parentage is confirmed by the 19 Mar 1390 charter quoted above.

d) GIORGIO di Malaspina . His parentage is confirmed by the 19 Mar 1390 charter quoted above.

Two brothers. Their parents have not been identified, nor their precise relationships to the Caretto/Savona and Doria families which are suggested by the document quoted below.

1. TOMMASO di Malaspina (-after 15 Mar 1392). A charter dated 15 Mar 1392 records an ultimatum to “dominum Nicolaum de Carreto ex Marchionibus Saonæ et eius nepotes ac alii de suo genere et affines, videlicet domini Karolus, et Georgius, Conradus et eius fratres de Carreto, Thomas Malaspina et eius frater, dominus Bartholomeus de Auria cum suis” regarding their allegiance to Genoa[496].

2. --- di Malaspina (-after 15 Mar 1392). He is referred to, but not named, in the 15 Mar 1392 charter quoted above.

H. MARCHESI di PARODI

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

ALBERTO, son of Marchese OBERTO OBIZZO [I] Conte di Luni & his [first/second] wife --- (-[1024]).

m ---. The name of Alberto's wife is not known.

Alberto & his wife had two children:

1. ALBERTO detto Rufo (-before 1094). "Albertus marchio filius quondam Alberti itemque marchionis et Jolicta comitissa jugalibus, filia Uberti comitis de comitatu Parmæ" donated property to the monastery of St Venerio, for the souls of "genitore meo Alberto marchio et Ugone germano meo", by charter dated 1050, signed by "domni Alberti Rufi et Julicte comitisse jugalibus"[497]. "Albertus marchio qui dicor Ruffus filius quondam itemque Alberti marchionis, qui…ex natione mea lege vivere Longobardorum" donated property to the church of Luni, held by "pater meus et Guidonis marchionis", for the souls of "patris et fratris mei Ugone", by charter dated 1085[498]. m GIUDITTA di Parma, daughter of OBERTO Conte di Parma & his wife --- (-after 1094). "Albertus marchio filius quondam Alberti itemque marchionis et Jolicta comitissa jugalibus, filia Uberti comitis de comitatu Parmæ" donated property to the monastery of St Venerio, for the souls of "genitore meo Alberto marchio et Ugone germano meo", by charter dated 1050, signed by "domni Alberti Rufi et Julicte comitisse jugalibus"[499]. "Julitta comitissa atque Obertus marchio, mater et filius" donated property to the monastery of St Venerio, for the souls of "Alberti marchionis quondam viri…", by charter dated 1094[500]. Alberto & his wife had four children:

a) GUGLIELMO FRANCESCO detto Francigena (-after 1139). Marchese di Parodi. m ---. The name of Guglielmo Francesco's wife is not known. Guglielmo Francesco & his wife had one child:

i) ALBERTO di Massa "Zueta" (-[1148/66]). Marchese di Parodi. m MATILDA di Monferrato, daughter of RANIERI [I] Marchese di Montferrato & his wife Gisèle Ctss Palatine de Bourgogne . Alberto & his wife had two children:

(a) GUGLIELMO [Saraceno] (-before 1199). The consuls of Genoa promised an alliance with “Guillielmum marchionem de Massa filium quondam Alberti Corsi” against the Pisans and the Malaspina family by charter dated Nov 1173[501]. Marchese di Parodi. "Dominus Muruellus et Albertus [eius] frater marchiones Malespine" donated revenue to the church of Tortona, in the presence of "domini Gulielmi marchionis de Palodio", by charter dated 30 Aug 1194[502]. m ---. The name of Guglielmo's wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had two children:

(1) PALLODINO (-before 24 Jun 1223). Marchese di Parodi. He is named deceased in the 24 Jun 1223 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Pallodino's wife is not known. Pallodino & his wife had one child:

a. CORRADO (-after 1237). Marchese di Parodi. “Andreas filius quondam Murruellis marchionis de Massa pro me et Conrado filio quondam Palodini et Opicio filio quondam Rainerii marchionis de Massa pro me et fratre meo Conrado” donated their interests in “castro Palodi” to Genoa by charter dated 24 Jun 1223[503].

(2) MORUELLO (-after 1198). Marchese di Parodi. m ---. The name of Moruello's wife is not known. Moruello & his wife had [two] children:

a. ANDREA [Bianco] (-after 1237). Marchese di Parodi, Massa e Corsica. “Andreas filius quondam Murruellis marchionis de Massa pro me et Conrado filio quondam Palodini et Opicio filio quondam Rainerii marchionis de Massa pro me et fratre meo Conrado” donated their interests in “castro Palodi” to Genoa by charter dated 24 Jun 1223[504]. m ---. The name of Andrea's wife is not known. Andrea & his wife had two children:

(i) GUGLIELMO (-after 1253). Marchese di Massa.

(a) ANDREA (-after 1276). Marchese di Massa.

(ii) ALBERTO (-after 1253). Ancestor of ---.

b. [BARTOLOMEO .]

(3) RANIERI (-after 1171). Marchese di Parodi. He is named as deceased in the 24 Jun 1223 charter quoted below. m ---. The name of Ranieri's wife is not known. Ranieri & his wife had two children:

a. CORRADO (-after 24 Jun 1223). Marchese di Parodi. “Andreas filius quondam Murruellis marchionis de Massa pro me et Conrado filio quondam Palodini et Opicio filio quondam Rainerii marchionis de Massa pro me et fratre meo Conrado” donated their interests in “castro Palodi” to Genoa by charter dated 24 Jun 1223[505].

b. OPIZZINO (-after 24 Jun 1223). Marchese di Parodi. “Andreas filius quondam Murruellis marchionis de Massa pro me et Conrado filio quondam Palodini et Opicio filio quondam Rainerii marchionis de Massa pro me et fratre meo Conrado” donated their interests in “castro Palodi” to Genoa by charter dated 24 Jun 1223[506].

b) GUIDO (-after 1060). "Wido marchio filio b. m. Alberti qui fuit itemque marchio" donated property to the monastery of St Venerio by charter dated 1051[507]. Marchese.

- MARCHESI di GAVI.

c) OBERTO [Brattoporrata] (-before 1141). "Julitta comitissa atque Obertus marchio, mater et filius" donated property to the monastery of St Venerio, for the souls of "Alberti marchionis quondam viri…", by charter dated 1094[508].

i) ALBERTO [Corso] (-after 1150). Marchese di Massa, Marchese di Corsica.

- MARCHESI di CORSICA.

d) UGO (-after 1124). Conte di Corsica.

2. UGO (-before 1050). "Albertus marchio filius quondam Alberti itemque marchionis et Jolicta comitissa jugalibus, filia Uberti comitis de comitatu Parmæ" donated property to the monastery of St Venerio, for the souls of "genitore meo Alberto marchio et Ugone germano meo", by charter dated 1050, signed by "domni Alberti Rufi et Julicte comitisse jugalibus"[509].

Chapter 3. LOMBARDIA

A. LOMELLO

1. MUSSO (-after 19 Feb 1164). Conte di Lomello. "Dominus Mussus comes palatinus de Lomello" invested a notary by charter dated 19 Feb 1164[510].

2. GUIFREDO (-after 28 Aug 1185). Conte di Lomello. "…Valfredus comes de Lomello…" is named in a charter dated 1176 with "Mainfredus II marchio Salutiarum…"[511]. "Guifredus Laumellensis et imperialis comes" donated property to Santa Maria di Casanova, confirmed by "marchionis Mainfredi de Saluciis et de Guasto", by charter dated 28 Aug 1185[512].

3. GUGLIELMO (-after 11 May 1212). Signore di Lomello. "Dominus Villelmus de Lomello" sold property to Manfredo II Marchese di Saluzzo by charter dated 11 May 1212[513].

4. GUIFREDO (-after 14 Aug 1227). Conte di Lomello. Manfredo III Marchese di Saluzzo confirmed donations to Santa Maria di Casanova by charter dated 14 Aug 1227, including the donation by "dominus Guifredus comes de Lomello…Ardictionem marchionem de Romagnano"[514].

Chapter 4. PIEMONTE & AOSTA

A. VISCONTI di AOSTA

1. GUGLIELMO [Bruno] (-after 3 Dec 1077). Visconte [di Aosta]. "Adelegida…comitissa" donated property to Pinerolo, for the souls of "domni Manfredi marchionis genitoris mei et Adalrici episcopi Barbani mei et Bertæ genetricis meæ et…domni Odonis marchionis viri mei", by charter dated 8 Sep 1064, signed by "Petri, Amedei, Vitelmi qui Bruno vicecomes vocatur…Henrici qui vocatur Marchio…"[515]. "Witelmus qui et Bruno vicecomes et Enrici pater et filio…" witnessed the charter dated 14 May 1065 under which "Addalasia cometissa filia quondam Magifredus marchio" donated property in Santo Stefano, Canale to the church of Asti[516]. "Bruno vicecomes et Enrici pater et filio, Gisulfus qui et Alaman…" witnessed the charter dated 8 Oct 1068 under which "Adaleida cometissa filia quondam bone memorie Adelrici qui…Magiinfredi marchioni" donated the chapel of Santa Maria in Scarnafagi to San Pietro di Torino[517]. "Guilelmus qui Bruno vocatur, Vicecomes…" is named as present in a charter dated 16 Nov 1072 which records a grant by the abbot of Cavour to "Agtrudi…filiæ quondam Lamberti Clerici et Martino filio eius"[518]. "Immilla ducissa vocata filia condam Odlerici que Maginfredo…marchio" donated property to the church of San Pietro at Musinasco by charter dated 3 Dec 1077, signed by "Vuilielmi et Vuindoni marchionis, Amedei de loco Serra longa…Bruno vicecomes…"[519]. m ---. The name of Guglielmo’s wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had one child:

a) ENRICO . "Witelmus qui et Bruno vicecomes et Enrici pater et filio…" witnessed the charter dated 14 May 1065 under which "Addalasia cometissa filia quondam Magifredus marchio" donated property in Santo Stefano, Canale to the church of Asti[520]. "Bruno vicecomes et Enrici pater et filio, Gisulfus qui et Alaman…" witnessed the charter dated 8 Oct 1068 under which "Adaleida cometissa filia quondam bone memorie Adelrici qui…Magiinfredi marchioni" donated the chapel of Santa Maria in Scarnafagi to San Pietro di Torino[521].

Two brothers:

1. AIMONE [I] (-[1147/49]). Visconte di Aosta. "Aymo vicecomes et Boso filius eius et frater eius Anselmus" witnessed the charter dated 1147 under which Amédée III Comte de Savoie guaranteed protection of the church of Aosta[522]. m ---. The name of Aimon’s wife is not known. Aimon [I] & his wife had one child:

a) BOSO (-after [1191]). "Aymo vicecomes et Boso filius eius et frater eius Anselmus" witnessed the charter dated 1147 under which Amédée III Comte de Savoie guaranteed protection of the church of Aosta[523]. Visconte di Aosta. "…B. vicecomiti" is named in a charter for the church of Aosta dated to [1150][524]. "…Boso vicecomes de Augusta civitate…" witnessed the charter of Humbert III Count of Savoy dated 5 Dec 1170[525]. "Aymericus vicecomes Tharantasiensis" acted for Thomas I Count of Savoy in a charter dated to [1191], signed by "Gontherius filius prædicti Aymerici…Boso vicecomes Augustensis…"[526].

2. ANSELMO (-after 1147). "Aymo vicecomes et Boso filius eius et frater eius Anselmus" witnessed the charter dated 1147 under which Amédée III Comte de Savoie guaranteed protection of the church of Aosta[527].

1. BOSO (-after 3 Jul 1237). Visconte di Aosta. A charter dated 1218 records that “Boso vicecomes Augustensis” received “quod jacet apud S. Petrum de Clages inter duas aquas...Medensum, altera Asensi” in fief from the bishop of Sion by charter dated 1218, witnessed by “...Petrus miles de Turre...”[528]. "Boso vicecomes de Augusta" recognised the error of his ways by charter dated 3 Jul 1237, witnessed by "Vubertus et Aymo filii dicti vicecomitis"[529]. m ---. The name of Boso’s wife is not known. Boso & his wife had two children:

a) VUIBERTO . "Boso vicecomes de Augusta" recognised the error of his ways by charter dated 3 Jul 1237, witnessed by "Vubertus et Aymo filii dicti vicecomitis"[530].

b) AIMONE . "Boso vicecomes de Augusta" recognised the error of his ways by charter dated 3 Jul 1237, witnessed by "Vubertus et Aymo filii dicti vicecomitis"[531].

Three brothers:

1. GOTTOFREDO de Challant et de Fenix (-[28 Jul 1263/4 May 1265]). Visconte di Aosta. A charter dated 21 Feb 1242 records an agreement between Amédée IV Comte de Savoie and "Gottofredo de Challant et de Fenix vicecomite Vallis Augustanæ, fratribusque eorum Aimonio ac Bosonino" relating to "castri Bardensis"[532]. "Gottofredus vicecomes Augustensis et fratres sui Aymo et Boso" confirmed that they held "vice comitatum, vice dompnatum et mistraliam" (describing their properties) in fief from Amédée IV Comte de Savoie by charter dated 19 Dec 1242[533].

- SEIGNEURS de CHALLANT[534].

2. AIMONE (-after 19 Dec 1242). A charter dated 21 Feb 1242 records an agreement between Amédée IV Comte de Savoie and "Gottofredo de Challant et de Fenix vicecomite Vallis Augustanæ, fratribusque eorum Aimonio ac Bosonino" relating to "castri Bardensis"[535]. "Gottofredus vicecomes Augustensis et fratres sui Aymo et Boso" confirmed that they held "vice comitatum, vice dompnatum et mistraliam" (describing their properties) in fief from Amédée IV Comte de Savoie by charter dated 19 Dec 1242[536].

3. BOSO (-after 19 Dec 1242). A charter dated 21 Feb 1242 records an agreement between Amédée IV Comte de Savoie and "Gottofredo de Challant et de Fenix vicecomite Vallis Augustanæ, fratribusque eorum Aimonio ac Bosonino" relating to "castri Bardensis"[537]. "Gottofredus vicecomes Augustensis et fratres sui Aymo et Boso" confirmed that they held "vice comitatum, vice dompnatum et mistraliam" (describing their properties) in fief from Amédée IV Comte de Savoie by charter dated 19 Dec 1242[538].

- SIRES de CLY[539].

B. VISCONTI di BARATONIA

1. ENRICO . Visconte di Baratonia. "Thomas comes Savoie et marchio Italie" confirmed the donations to Monte Benedetto made by "vicecomes Baratoniæ et Palmerius de Regiano" by charter dated 18 Jun 1200[540]. m ---. The name of Enrico’s wife is not known. Enrico & his wife had four children:

a) MANFREDO . "Manfredus, Valfredus, Ardicio et Villelmus filii quondam domini Henrici vicecomitis de Baratonia" confirmed the donations to Monte Benedetto made by their father by charter dated 16 Jun 1219, witnessed by "dominus Guillelmus de Belfort, dominus Villelmus de Ripalta…"[541].

b) VALFREDO . "Manfredus, Valfredus, Ardicio et Villelmus filii quondam domini Henrici vicecomitis de Baratonia" confirmed the donations to Monte Benedetto made by their father by charter dated 16 Jun 1219, witnessed by "dominus Guillelmus de Belfort, dominus Villelmus de Ripalta…"[542].

c) ARDISIO . "Manfredus, Valfredus, Ardicio et Villelmus filii quondam domini Henrici vicecomitis de Baratonia" confirmed the donations to Monte Benedetto made by their father by charter dated 16 Jun 1219, witnessed by "dominus Guillelmus de Belfort, dominus Villelmus de Ripalta…"[543].

d) GUGLIELMO . "Manfredus, Valfredus, Ardicio et Villelmus filii quondam domini Henrici vicecomitis de Baratonia" confirmed the donations to Monte Benedetto made by their father by charter dated 16 Jun 1219, witnessed by "dominus Guillelmus de Belfort, dominus Villelmus de Ripalta…"[544].

C. CONTI di BIANDRATE

A charter dated 5 Feb 1093, under which "Albertus et Guido Blandradenses comites" reached agreement with "militibus habitantibus in Blandrato", records possessions of the comital family in the diocese of Novara and the valley of Sesia[545]. Pietro Azario’s De Bello Canepiciano lists "Sanctus Zorzius, Oirum Castrum, Caluxenum, Sanctus Belegnus, Ulpianum cum Castro, Brandicium Castrum, Burgus Sancti Georgii, Cucilium Castrum, Foglicium Castrum, Olzogna Castrum, Montalengum Castrum" as the properties of "comitum Blandrate", dated to the mid-14th century[546].

GUIDO, son of GUIBERTO Conte [di Pombia] & his wife --- (-1083 or before). Conte di Pombia before 1070. Conte di Biandrate 1070. 1083.

m ---.

Guido & his wife had [three children]:

1. [ALBERTO (-before 1119). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The affiliation appears to be suggested only by the charter dated 11 Jan 1087 under which [Alberto’s brother] "Widonis comitis" made donations to Cluny by charter dated 11 Jan 1087 confirmed by "Ubertus, Albertus, Lanfrancus, Obozo comites germani filii quondam Ottonis item comitis"[547]. It has been supposed that the last four named persons were the donor’s first cousins. Conte di Biandrate. "Albertus et Guido Blandradenses comites" reached agreement with "militibus habitantibus in Blandrato" by charter dated 5 Feb 1093[548]. Albert of Aix names "Albertus comes…de Blandraz, Wido frater ipsius miles…Hugo de Montbeel, Otto filius sororis prædicti Alberti cognomine Altaspata, Wibertus comes civitatis Parmæ" as of the leaders of the Lombard contingent which left for Palestine in Sep 1100 as the second wave of the First Crusade in Sep, dated to 1100[549]. After the combined armies left Constantinople in May 1101, they captured Ankara from the Seljuk Turks 23 Jun 1101 but were scattered after their defeat by the Turks at Mersivan[550]. Albert of Aix records "…Albertus de Blandraz…Otto cognomine Altaspata…" among those who spent Easter in Jerusalem with Baudouin I King of Jerusalem, dated to 1102 from the context[551]. Adviser to Emperor Heinrich V. "Albertus comes de Blendriaco" signed as one of the lay witnesses who swore for Heinrich V King of Germany at the time of his coronation as emperor in 1111[552].] m ---. The name of Alberto's wife is not known. An anonymous poem records that "comitissa" showed courage in leading vassals from Novara to help the Milanese in their war against the people of Como[553]. Alberto & his wife had one child:

a) GUIDO (-after 26 Aug 1172). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Conte di Biandrate.

- see below.

2. [GUIDO (-after Sep 1100). "Wido comes filius quondam item Widonis comitis" made a donation to Cluny dated 6 Mar 1083[554]. "Widonis comitis" made donations to Cluny by charter dated 11 Jan 1087 confirmed by "Ubertus, Albertus, Lanfrancus, Obozo comites germani filii quondam Ottonis item comitis"[555], presumably his first cousins. Conte di Biandrate. "Albertus et Guido Blandradenses comites" reached agreement with "militibus habitantibus in Blandrato" by charter dated 5 Feb 1093[556]. Albert of Aix names "Albertus comes…de Blandraz, Wido frater ipsius miles…Hugo de Montbeel, Otto filius sororis prædicti Alberti cognomine Altaspata, Wibertus comes civitatis Parmæ" as of the leaders of the Lombard contingent which left for Palestine in Sep 1100 as the second wave of the First Crusade in Sep, dated to 1100[557].]

3. [daughter .] m ---. One child:

a) ODDONE "Altaspada" (-killed in battle Jaffa Sep 1104). Albert of Aix names "Albertus comes…de Blandraz, Wido frater ipsius miles…Hugo de Montbeel, Otto filius sororis prædicti Alberti cognomine Altaspata, Wibertus comes civitatis Parmæ" as of the leaders of the Lombard contingent which left for Palestine in Sep 1100 as the second wave of the First Crusade in Sep, dated to 1100[558]. Albert of Aix records "…Albertus de Blandraz…Otto cognomine Altaspata…" among those who spent Easter in Jerusalem with Baudouin I King of Jerusalem, dated to 1102 from the context[559]. Albert of Aix records a campaign at Jaffa in Sep, dated to 1104 from the context, in which "Otto…Altaspata filius sororis Alberti de Blandraz miles et tiro" was killed[560].

GUIDO di Biandrate, son of ALBERTO Conte di Biandrate & his wife --- (-after 26 Aug 1172). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Conte di Biandrate. Citizen of Milan. Imperial adviser and proxy 1136/62. "Vuido comes Blandratensis" reached agreement with the canons of Santo Gaudenzio di Novara concerning property by charter dated 13 Feb 1140[561]. A charter dated 13 --- 1161 records the settlement of a dispute between the bishop of Asti and "Guidonem comitem de Blandrato"[562].

m ISABELLA di Monferrato, daughter of RANIERI III Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Gisèle de Bourgogne-Comté. William of Tyre names "Guido comes de Blandrada qui prædicti marchionis [Guglielmo V] sororem habebat uxorem" when recording his presence with Konrad III King of Germany in Palestine in 1148[563]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.

Guido & his wife had two children:

1. ODDONE (-after 8 Apr 1190). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Conte di Biandrate. "Otonem comitem de Blandrato" swore allegiance to the commune of Vercelli by charter dated 9 Oct 1170[564]. "Dominus Otto comes de Blandrato" agreed with the consuls of Vercelli not to disturb the commune of Arborio by charter dated 15 Jul 1182[565]. A charter dated 8 Apr 1190 records an agreement between the consuls of Vercelli and "domini di Bornato", naming "dominum Ottonem comitem de Blandrato"[566]. m ---. The name of Oddone's wife is not known. Oddone & his wife had [three children]:

a) [UBERTO [I] (-before 7 Jul 1202). Although confirmed as the brother of Ranieri by the charter dated 1192 which is quoted below, the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The charter dated 6 Jun 1220, which names his supposed son Oddone first of the three conti di Biandrate, suggests that Uberto was the oldest son of Conte Oddone. Conte di Biandrate. "Dominus comes Albertus de Blandrato et eius filii" confirmed a peace agreement with the consuls of Ivrea by charter dated 1 Dec 1192[567]. "Ubertus comes de Biandra, Mainfredus marchio de Busca, Vilielmus marchio de Bosco…" witnessed a charter dated 11 Feb 1197 under which "Mainfredus II marchio Salutiarum" decided a dispute between Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato and the consuls of Asti[568].] m ---. The name of Uberto’s wife is not known. Uberto [I] & his wife had one child:

i) UBERTO [II] (-after 1209). "Dominus Ubertus comes filius condam domini Uberti comitis de Blandrato" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria di Casanova by charter dated 7 Jul 1202[569]. He was appointed regent in Thessaloniki during the minority of Demetrio di Monferrato King of Thessaloniki. He refused to swear allegiance to Henri I Latin Emperor of Constantinople and, in the name of King Demetrio, claimed all of mainland Greece. The emperor invaded Thessaloniki to suppress the revolt, captured Uberto and imprisoned him in the castle of Serres under the guard of Bernhard Graf von Katzenelnbogen. After his release, Uberto went to Eubœa where he plotted to assassinate the emperor, and later returned to Italy[570].

ii) [ODDONE (-after 6 Jun 1220). Conte di Biandrate. A charter dated 6 Jun 1220 recording an agreement between the commune of Vercelli and "dominus Otto et dominus Conradus Blandratenses comites…ac nomine domini Gocy Blandratensis comitis", referring to "comes Otto in vita sua"[571]. This document does not specify the parentage of the three conti di Biandrate who are named. However, "dominus Conradus" can most likely be identified as the son of Conte Ranieri who is named below. Because "dominus Otto" is named before Corrado in the document, he was probably senior. However, the charter dated 1 Sep 1209 which is quoted below names Corrado as first of the three sons of Ranieri. "Dominus Otto" must presumably therefore have been the son of an older brother of Ranieri. As the document also names "domini Gocy", presumably identified as Conte Gottofredo, it is likely that "dominus Otto" was the son of Uberto, who must therefore have been the oldest brother.]

iii) [GOTTOFREDO [II] (-after Jun 1221). Conte di Romagna: Emperor Friedrich II granted "comitatum Romandiole" to "Gottefredus comes de Blandrato" by charter dated Jun 1221[572]. Gingins-la-Sarraz records that this Gottofredo was one of the three sons of Uberto, citing only the charter dated Jun 1221 just quoted[573]. The document in question includes no indication of the parentage of the grantee, or whether he was the person referred to in the present document as Gottofredo [I] or Gottofredo [II].]

b) [RANIERI (-[1192/Sep 1197]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Conte di Biandrate. "Dom comes Rainerius de Blandrato…atque fratrem suum dominum Obertum comitem de Blandrato et filios domini Oberti" swore to observe the peace agreement with the consuls of Ivrea, naming in a later passage "fratrem suum D. Gotium comitem de Blandrato et filios domini Oberti", by charter dated 1192[574]. His death is dated by the charter dated 1 Sep 1209, quoted below, which records that Emperor Heinrich VI (died Sep 1197) had granted land to Ranieri’s sons, presumably after Ranieri himself had died.] m ---. The name of Ranieri’s wife is not known. Ranieri & his wife had children:

i) CORRADO . Emperor Otto IV granted "terre quondam Henrici marchionis…in Niscia", held by "idem Rainerius", to "Conradi, Vidonis, Obizonis filiorum quondam comitis Rainerii de Blandrato" by charter dated 1 Sep 1209, which also confirmed a grant of land "in civitate Yporegie et in episcopatu et comitatu cum castro et palacio" by "predessori nostro imperatori Henrico" to "memoratis fratribus…Conrado, Vidoni et Obezoni"[575]. Conte di Biandrate. A charter dated 6 Jun 1220 recording an agreement between the commune of Vercelli and "dominus Otto et dominus Conradus Blandratenses comites…ac nomine domini Gocy Blandratensis comitis", referring to "comes Otto in vita sua"[576].

ii) GUIDO . Emperor Otto IV granted "terre quondam Henrici marchionis…in Niscia", held by "idem Rainerius", to "Conradi, Vidonis, Obizonis filiorum quondam comitis Rainerii de Blandrato" by charter dated 1 Sep 1209[577].

iii) OBIZO . Emperor Otto IV granted "terre quondam Henrici marchionis…in Niscia", held by "idem Rainerius", to "Conradi, Vidonis, Obizonis filiorum quondam comitis Rainerii de Blandrato" by charter dated 1 Sep 1209[578].

c) [GOTTOFREDO [I] (-before 1237). "Dom comes Rainerius de Blandrato…atque fratrem suum dominum Obertum comitem de Blandrato et filios domini Oberti" swore to observe the peace agreement with the consuls of Ivrea, naming in a later passage "fratrem suum D. Gotium comitem de Blandrato et filios domini Oberti", by charter dated 1192[579]. Conte di Biandrate. "Dom. Gozzoicus comes de Biandra" invested "Petri de Flama" with the castle of Rocca au Val-Sésia by charter dated 16 May 1204[580]. "Dominus Gotefredus comes Blandrati" donated property to Staffarda by charter dated 29 Apr 1215[581]. A charter dated 6 Jun 1220 recording an agreement between the commune of Vercelli and "dominus Otto et dominus Conradus Blandratenses comites…ac nomine domini Gocy Blandratensis comitis", referring to "comes Otto in vita sua"[582]. "Le comte Gozzius…avec ses neveux fils du comte Ubert" renounced his rights over "la ville de Quiers" by charter dated 1224[583]. The date of death is set by a roll dated 1237 of fees due to "heredibus quondam comitis Gozcii"[584].] m ---. The name of Gottofredo's wife is not known. Gottofredo [I] & his wife had two children:

i) PIETRO (-after 1229). "D. Gotofredus comes de Blandrata et D. Petrus eius filius" renewed an alliance of lords in Ivrea by charter dated 1229[585]. Ancestor of the family of Biandrate di San Giorgio in Canavese[586].

ii) GOTTOFREDO [III] (-before 13 Jul 1270). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Conte di Biandrate.

- see below.

2. GUIDO (-after [1159]). The Gesta Friderici of Otto of Freising names "Gwidonem nobilem iuvenem, filium comitis Gwidonis Bianderatensis", when recording that he had been ordained at Rome and was proposed as replacement for Anselm as Archbishop of Ravenna [in 1159] but rejected by Pope Hadrian[587].

GOTTOFREDO [III] di Biandrate, son of GOTTOFREDO [I] Conte di Biandrate & his wife --- (-before 13 Jul 1270). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Conte di Biandrate. “Domina Mathilda de Augusta, laudatione Wilelmi mariti sui, et D. Wilielmæ sororis suæ, et Domini Normandi cantoris Sedunensis et Petri; domicelli, filiorum suorum, et Salomeæ, eiusdem Petri, et Jacobi de Morgia domicelli, et Beatricis uxoris eius, et Ludovici Hübloz domicelli, et Arguinæ uxoris eius” sold their rights “in toto vicedominatu Sedunensi” and whatever was possessed by “Thomæ quondam vicedomini Sedunensis”, half to “domino Jocelmo vicedomino Sedunensi” and half to “Godefredo comiti di Biandrate domicello”, by charter dated 21 Nov 1249[588]. The community of Novara transferred its rights in le Val-Sésia to "viri nobiles R. et Go. comites de Biandrato" by charter dated 2 Feb 1258[589]. He is named as deceased in his wife’s 13 Jul 1270 charter.

m ALDISIA di Castello, daughter of PIETRO di Castello & his wife --- (-after 28 Apr 1272). "Aldixia uxor quondam domini Godofredi de Biandrate et filia quondam domini Perronerii de Castello" and "dominus Jocelinus filius eiusdem dominæ Aldixiæ" swore an obligation to "Stephano de Saxo, de Narres" by charter dated 13 Jul 1270[590]. "Aldis majorissa de Vesbiâ" with the consent of "Willelmi et Jocelini filiorum meorum" made an agreement relating to her dower by charter dated 28 Apr 1272[591].

Gottofredo & his wife had three children:

1. GUGLIELMO (-before 22 Nov 1288). "Aldis majorissa de Vesbiâ" with the consent of "Willelmi et Jocelini filiorum meorum" made an agreement relating to her dower by charter dated 28 Apr 1272[592]. 1272/88. Conte di Biandrate. m ---. The name of Guglielmo's wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had [three or more] children:

a) GIOVANNI (-after 1 Jun 1291). "Jocelinus de Vespia filius quondam domini Gotofredi de Blandrata et Johannis filii quondam Willelmi fratris dicti Joncelini nepotis sui" claimed the lordship of the Simplon valley from the bishop of Sion by charter dated 1 Jun 1291[593].

b) other child or children. The charter dated 22 Nov 1288 under which "Dominum comitem Jocelinum filium quondam domini Gottofredi comitis de Blandrate" swore allegiance to the bishop of Novara and refers to "nepotum suorum filiorum quondam domini Guillelmi fratris sui" proves that Guglielmo had more than one child[594].

c) [PIETRO (-after 26 Mar 1311). "Petro de Vespia canonico ecclesiæ Valesiæ sedun. [Sion]" is named in a charter of the archbishop of Tarantasia dated 26 Mar 1311[595]. This could not refer to Pietro, son of Joscelino, who as is seen below was married. It is possible that Pietro was another son of Guglielmo.]

2. JOSCELINO (-after 21 Nov 1307). "Aldixia uxor quondam domini Godofredi de Biandrate et filia quondam domini Perronerii de Castello" and "dominus Jocelinus filius eiusdem dominæ Aldixiæ" swore an obligation to "Stephano de Saxo, de Narres" by charter dated 13 Jul 1270[596]. "Aldis majorissa de Vesbiâ" with the consent of "Willelmi et Jocelini filiorum meorum" made an agreement relating to her dower by charter dated 28 Apr 1272[597]. Vidomne de Conches. Conte di Biandrate. "Dominum comitem Jocelinum filium quondam domini Gottofredi comitis de Blandrate" swore allegiance to the bishop of Novara by charter dated 22 Nov 1288, which also refers to "nepotum suorum filiorum quondam domini Guillelmi fratris sui"[598]. "Jocelinus de Vespia filius quondam domini Gotofredi de Blandrata et Johannis filii quondam Willelmi fratris dicti Joncelini nepotis sui" claimed the lordship of the Simplon valley from the bishop of Sion by charter dated 1 Jun 1291[599]. "Jocelinus Major de Vespia, Petrus filius suus, Johannes de Vespia domicellus…" witnessed a charter dated 21 Nov 1307[600]. m MATILDA d’Aosta heiress of the Vidomnat of Naters, daughter of PIETRO d’Aosta & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Joscelino & his wife had three children:

a) PIETRO (-before 23 Aug 1315). "Jocelinus Major de Vespia, Petrus filius suus, Johannes de Vespia domicellus…" witnessed a charter dated 21 Nov 1307[601]. m ALICIA, daughter of ---. "Domini Thomæ cantoris ecclesiæ sedunensis" granted the lordship of Viège to "nobili viro Antonio comiti de Narres nepoti suo" by charter dated 23 Aug 1315 which also names "nobili dominæ Alysiæ relictæ Petri Comitis fratris sui"[602].

b) GIOVANNI (-1315). "Jocelinus Major de Vespia, Petrus filius suus, Johannes de Vespia domicellus…" witnessed a charter dated 21 Nov 1307[603]. Conte di Biandrate. m ---. Giovanni & his wife had one child:

i) ANTONIO [I] (-1331). "Domini Thomæ cantoris ecclesiæ sedunensis" granted the lordship of Viège to "nobili viro Antonio comiti de Narres nepoti suo" by charter dated 23 Aug 1315[604]. Conte di Biandrate. "Anthonius comes de Blandrato et vicedominus de a Monte Dei superius" issued an obligation to "Thomæ cantori Eccles. sedun. patruo suo" by charter dated 26 Aug 1317[605]. "Anthonius, filius quondam Johannis Comitis de Narres, miles" assigned rights to a chapel at Sion by charter dated 11 Jun 1325 which names "viro domino Thomæ Cantori Ecclesiæ sedun."[606]. m as her first husband, ISABELLE de la Tour-Châtillon, daughter of JEAN de la Tour Seigneur de Châtillon & his first wife Elisabeth de Wœdiswyl (-murdered 4/5 Dec 1365). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. She married secondly François de Compey. A charter dated 27 Oct 1368 records the judgment issued by Amédée VI Comte de Savoie in a dispute between the bishop of Sion and "dnos Anthonium et Iohannem de Turre milites, Petrum eorum fratrem", and records the burial of "dne Isabelle comitisse de Blandras et dni Anthonii eius filii"[607]. Antonio [I] & his wife had two children:

(a) RODOLFO (-after 1338). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Conte di Biandrate.

(b) ANTONIO [II] (-1365). A charter dated 27 Oct 1368 records the judgment issued by Amédée VI Comte de Savoie in a dispute between the bishop of Sion and "dnos Anthonium et Iohannem de Turre milites, Petrum eorum fratrem", and records the burial of "dne Isabelle comitisse de Blandras et dni Anthonii eius filii"[608]. Conte di Biandrate. m ---. Antonio & his wife had one child:

(1) son (-1376). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Conte di Biandrate.

c) TOMASO (-[3 Sep 1337/1339]). The bishop of Sion granted absolution to "dominus Thomas cantor ecclesiæ sedun." by charter dated 23 Jul 1313[609]. "Domini Thomæ cantoris ecclesiæ sedunensis" granted the lordship of Viège to "nobili viro Antonio comiti de Narres nepoti suo" by charter dated 23 Aug 1315 which also names "nobili dominæ Alysiæ relictæ Petri Comitis fratris sui"[610]. "Domini Thomæ Cantori ecclesiæ Sedunensis" issued a charter dated 11 Aug 1331 relating to the lordship of Viège which names "Petro fratri suo…quondam Jocelinus Comes de Biandra pater noster"[611]. The testament of "dominus Thomas, Cantor eccl. sedun. filius quondam Joecelini de Vespia comitis de Blandrate" dated 3 Sep 1337 bequeaths property (among other bequests) to "Anthonie filiolæ suæ…[et] Eligiæ filiæ dictæ Anthoniæ"[612], although there is no indication of any blood relationship with the testator.

3. PIETRO (-before 28 Apr 1272). The charter dated 1 Jun 1291 under which "Jocelinus de Vespia filius quondam domini Gotofredi de Blandrata et Johannis filii quondam Willelmi fratris dicti Joncelini nepotis sui" claimed the lordship of the Simplon valley from the bishop of Sion refers to the donation by "Perronerio de Castello" (who was the maternal grandfather of Joscelino) to "quondam Willelmo et quondam Peterlino fratribus dicti Joncelini"[613]. Pietro presumably died before 28 Apr 1272, the date of the charter in which "Aldis majorissa de Vesbiâ" names "Willelmi et Jocelini filiorum meorum"[614].

D. MARCHESI di ROMAGNANO

WIDO, son of ARDOINO Marchese & his wife --- (-before 1040). "Chuonradus…rex" confirmed the property of "Bosoni seu Widonis fratribus, Arduini marchionis filiis" by an undated charter, grouped in the compilation with charters dated 1026[615]. Marchese at the castle of Susa [1026].

m ---. The name of Wido's wife has not yet been identified.

Wido & his wife had one child:

1. ODALRICO (-after 20 Oct 1040). Marchese di Romagnano. "Oldericus marchio filius b. m. Widonis marchionis, et Julita comitissa uxor eius" donated property to "monasterii S. Silani…juxta flumen Sicidæ in loco Romagnano", with the consent of "Ottone marchione et comite Montisferratensi", by charter dated 20 Oct 1040[616]. m GIULITTA, daughter of Conte GUIDO & his wife --- (-after 20 Oct 1040). "Oldericus marchio filius b. m. Widonis marchionis, et Julita comitissa uxor eius" donated property to "monasterii S. Silani…juxta flumen Sicidæ in loco Romagnano", with the consent of "Ottone marchione et comite Montisferratensi", by charter dated 20 Oct 1040[617]. Odalrico & his wife had one child:

a) BEATRICE (-after 29 Aug 1065). "Adelbertus prepoxitus sancte Tertonensis ecclesie et Wido marhio iermani filii bone memorie Oberti itemque marhio seu Beatrice filia Olrici et relicta quondam item Oberti iermano prefatorum Adelberti prepoxitus et Widoni…ex nacione nostra lege…Salicha" donated property at Tramontana to the monastery of Santo Siro by charter dated 29 Aug 1065[618]. m OBERTO Conte di Vado, Marchese, son of OBERTO I Marchese di Vado [Saluzzo/Liguria Occidentale] & his wife --- (-[1061/65]).

2. WIDO . Marchese di Romagnano 1082. Maybe ancestor of the Marchesi di ROMAGNANO di VIRLE e di POLLENZO[619].

Two brothers:

1. OLIVERO . "Ardicio Romaniani marchio" confirmed the donations to the monastery of Staffarda by "dominus Oliuerius marchioni et dominus Maynfredus eius frater Romaniani marchio et dominus Wido eorum consanguineo" by charter dated Jun 1156[620].

2. MANFREDO . Marchese di Romagnano. "Ardicio Romaniani marchio" confirmed the donations to the monastery of Staffarda by "dominus Oliuerius marchioni et dominus Maynfredus eius frater Romaniani marchio et dominus Wido eorum consanguineo" by charter dated Jun 1156[621].

1. GUIDO . "Ardicio Romaniani marchio" confirmed the donations to the monastery of Staffarda by "dominus Oliuerius marchioni et dominus Maynfredus eius frater Romaniani marchio et dominus Wido eorum consanguineo" by charter dated Jun 1156[622].

2. ARDIZZONE (-after Jun 1156). Marchese di Romagnano. "Ardicio Romaniani marchio" confirmed the donations to the monastery of Staffarda by "dominus Oliuerius marchioni et dominus Maynfredus eius frater Romaniani marchio et dominus Wido eorum consanguineo" by charter dated Jun 1156[623].

3. UBERTO (-after 1194). Marchese di Romagnano. A charter dated 1194 records a dispute between "Mainfredum marchionem de Saluciis" and "Ubertum marchionem de Romaignano" relating to "feudo Carmaignole", witnessed by "Jacobus marchio de Romaignano…"[624].

4. GIACOPO (-after 1194). Marchese di Romagnano. A charter dated 1194 records a dispute between "Mainfredum marchionem de Saluciis" and "Ubertum marchionem de Romaignano" relating to "feudo Carmaignole", witnessed by "Jacobus marchio de Romaignano…"[625]. m ---. The name of Giacopo’s wife is not known. Giacopo & his wife had two children:

a) BERENGARIO (-after 24 Jan 1229). A charter dated 22 Oct 1220 records the arbitral settlement of a dispute between the abbot of Susa and "dominos de Romagnano…domini Oliverii et domini Frederici et domini Belengerii et domini Petris marchis"[626]. An charter dated 24 Jan 1229 records an agreement between "marchiones de Romagnano…Thomam et Petrum filium condam Guillelmi marchionis et Petrum filium condam Guidonis et Guidonem…comes de Brina et fratrem eius Philipum et dominum Belengerium et fratrem eius Arducionem condam filios domini Jacobi" and the city of Turin[627].

b) ARDUCIO (-after 24 Jan 1229). Manfredo III Marchese di Saluzzo confirmed donations to Santa Maria di Casanova by charter dated 14 Aug 1227, including the donation by "dominus Guifredus comes de Lomello…Ardictionem marchionem de Romagnano"[628]. An charter dated 24 Jan 1229 records an agreement between "marchiones de Romagnano…Thomam et Petrum filium condam Guillelmi marchionis et Petrum filium condam Guidonis et Guidonem…comes de Brina et fratrem eius Philipum et dominum Belengerium et fratrem eius Arducionem condam filios domini Jacobi" and the city of Turin[629].

5. GUIDO (-[7 May 1203/24 Jan 1229]). Marchese di Romagnano. "Mainfredum marchionum Saluciarum" and "Uidonem et Guillelmum marchiones Romagnani et Oliverium fratrem predicti Guillelmi" agreed peace by charter dated 7 May 1203[630]. m ---. The name of Guido’s wife is not known. Guido & his wife had one child:

a) PIETRO . Marchese di Romagnano. An charter dated 24 Jan 1229 records an agreement between "marchiones de Romagnano…Thomam et Petrum filium condam Guillelmi marchionis et Petrum filium condam Guidonis et Guidonem…comes de Brina et fratrem eius Philipum et dominum Belengerium et fratrem eius Arducionem condam filios domini Jacobi" and the city of Turin[631].

Two brothers:

1. GUGLIELMO (-[7 May 1203/22 Oct 1220]). Marchese di Romagnano. "Mainfredum marchionum Saluciarum" and "Uidonem et Guillelmum marchiones Romagnani et Oliverium fratrem predicti Guillelmi" agreed peace by charter dated 7 May 1203[632]. m ---. The name of Guglielmo’s wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had two children:

a) TOMASO . Marchese di Romagnano. An charter dated 24 Jan 1229 records an agreement between "marchiones de Romagnano…Thomam et Petrum filium condam Guillelmi marchionis et Petrum filium condam Guidonis et Guidonem…comes de Brina et fratrem eius Philipum et dominum Belengerium et fratrem eius Arducionem condam filios domini Jacobi" and the city of Turin[633].

b) PIETRO (-before 13 Jan 1252). Marchese di Romagnano. A charter dated 22 Oct 1220 records the arbitral settlement of a dispute between the abbot of Susa and "dominos de Romagnano…domini Oliverii et domini Frederici et domini Belengerii et domini Petris marchis"[634]. An charter dated 24 Jan 1229 records an agreement between "marchiones de Romagnano…Thomam et Petrum filium condam Guillelmi marchionis et Petrum filium condam Guidonis et Guidonem…comes de Brina et fratrem eius Philipum et dominum Belengerium et fratrem eius Arducionem condam filios domini Jacobi" and the city of Turin[635]. m ---. The name of Guido’s wife is not known. Guido & his wife had one child:

i) MANFREDO (-after 13 Jan 1252). Marchese di Romagnano. "Manfredus dictus de Romanhan filius Petri dicti Marchionis" swore allegiance to Thomas II Comte de Savoie by charter dated 13 Jan 1252[636].

2. OLIVERO (-after 22 Oct 1220). "Mainfredum marchionum Saluciarum" and "Uidonem et Guillelmum marchiones Romagnani et Oliverium fratrem predicti Guillelmi" agreed peace by charter dated 7 May 1203[637]. A charter dated 22 Oct 1220 records the arbitral settlement of a dispute between the abbot of Susa and "dominos de Romagnano…domini Oliverii et domini Frederici et domini Belengerii et domini Petris marchis"[638].

1. FEDERIGO (-after 22 Oct 1220). A charter dated 22 Oct 1220 records the arbitral settlement of a dispute between the abbot of Susa and "dominos de Romagnano…domini Oliverii et domini Frederici et domini Belengerii et domini Petris marchis"[639].

Chapter 5. SARDINIA & CORSICA

From the 11th to late 13th centuries, Sardinia was divided into four territories, Arborea, Cagliari, Gallura and Torres, whose hereditary rulers are generally recorded in contemporary sources with the title “judge”. The precise start of this system of government cannot be dated, although the earliest reference to a judge of Cagliari is recorded in 1002. Throughout this period, the island was the object of Genoese and Pisan commercial ambitions: numerous short-lived alliances between both groups and different Sardinian rulers are recorded in charters. After the extinction in the male line of the four ruling Sardinian families during the course of the 12th and 13th centuries, rights to the judgeships fragmented between heirs through the female line. Enzio, illegitimate son of Emperor Friedrich II, acquired part of the judgeship of Torres through his first wife and his father installed him briefly as king of Sardinia. The absence of central control enabled the Genoese to gain the upper hand, while the Pope acquired the interests of certain heirs. The island became the object of Aragonese/Catalonian ambitions and in 1297 Pope Boniface VIII granted the kingdom of Sardinia to Jaime II King of Aragon under papal suzerainty in return for armed assistance in Italy[640]. The details of the genealogies of the families of the judges of Sardinia are sparse, with many gaps. Some information has only been confirmed in Fara’s De Rebus Sardois, which was written in 1579[641]. Unfortunately Fara cites few primary sources in support of his statements, some of which are contradicted by charter evidence. Selected extracts only from Fara’s work have been included in the narrative of this chapter where indicated.

A. MARCHESI di CORSICA

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

ALBERTO [Corso], son of OBERTO [di Luna] & his wife --- (-after 1150). Marchese di Massa, Marchese di Corsica.

m as her second husband, CALCERANA di Curte, widow of VERNACCIO Signore di Piombino, daughter of LAMBERTO di Curte & his wife --- (-after 1150).

Alberto & his wife had two children:

1. OBERTO di Massa (-1155). Marchese di Massa, Marchese di Corsica. m ---. The name of Oberto’s wife is not known. Oberto & his wife had two children:

a) GUGLIELMO di Massa (-1214). Marchese di Massa, Marchese di Corsica. Judge of Cagliari, Judge of Arborea.

- JUDGES of CAGLIARI.

b) daughter.

2. GUGLIELMO di Massa (-after 1202). Marchese di Massa. m ---. The name of Guglielmo's wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had one child:

a) GUIDO di Massa (-after 1202). Marchese di Massa.

B. JUDGES of CAGLIARI (SARDINIA)

1. UGO (-after 6 Mar 1021). Marchese di Massa. “Ugonus...marchio Masse domino de Corsica et judex Calaritanus” donated property to the monastery of S. Mamiliano on the island of Monte Cristo by charter dated 3 Apr 1002[642]. “Ugonus...marchio et domino de Corsica et judex Calaritanus” donated property to the the church of S. Maria di Canovaria, dependent on the monastery of S. Mamiliano on the island of Monte Cristo, by charter dated 6 Mar 1021[643].

2. GUGLIELMO (-after 24 Feb 1019). “Dominus Guglielmus marchio et dominus in Corsica judex Calaritanus” donated property to the monastery of S. Mamiliano on the island of Monte Cristo by charter dated 24 Feb 1019[644].

1. TORCHITORIO [I] [Arzo/Orroco] (-before 12 Jun 1089). [Judge] of Cagliari. Fara records that Leo Cardinal of Ostia installed “duos reges Sardiniæ...Barisonem et Torquitorium...unum Logudorii, alterum Caralis regem” during the reign of Pope Alexander II in [1060][645]. The dating clause of a charter dated 5 May 1066, under which “Constantinus Diaconus dictus nomine de Castra...filios meos Tirchi et Mariane et fratres meos domnizellu Petro et domnizellus Comita et zio meo Zerchis Deravo et Constantinus de Orrobulo Salvaptore” donated property to Monte Cassino, records “regnante domnu nostro Torkitori rex Sardigniæ de loco Call....cum uxor sua domina Veri et filio eius dompno Constantino...octavo anno regno eius”[646]. “Judigi Trogodori de Ugunali cum mulieri mia Donna Vera et cum filiu miu Donnu Constantini” donated property to the archbishop of Cagliari by undated charter[647]. Pope Gregory VII wrote to “Mariano Turrensi, Orroco Arborensi, Orroco Caralitano et Constantino Gallurensi iudicibus Sardiniæ” dated 14 Oct 1073[648]. "Judici Calaritano Orzocco" is named in a letter of Pope Gregory VII dated 1080[649]. A charter dated 12 Jun 1089 records the foundation of the monastery of "S. Georgii et S. Genesii" in Sardinia by "Arzo rex et iudex Karalitanus cum uxore sua domina Vera et cum Constantino filio suo…et cum aliis filiis suis"[650]. m VERA, daughter of --- (-after 22 Apr 1090). The dating clause of a charter dated 5 May 1066, under which “Constantinus Diaconus dictus nomine de Castra...filios meos Tirchi et Mariane et fratres meos domnizellu Petro et domnizellus Comita et zio meo Zerchis Deravo et Constantinus de Orrobulo Salvaptore” donated property to Monte Cassino, records “regnante domnu nostro Torkitori rex Sardigniæ de loco Call....cum uxor sua domina Veri et filio eius dompno Constantino...octavo anno regno eius”[651]. “Judigi Trogodori de Ugunali cum mulieri mia Donna Vera et cum filiu miu Donnu Constantini” donated property to the archbishop of Cagliari by undated charter[652]. "Constantinus…cum matre mea domina Vera" confirmed the foundation of the monastery of "S. Georgii et S. Genesii" in Sardinia by "Arzo rex et iudex Karalitanus cum uxore sua domina Vera et cum Constantino filio suo…et cum aliis filiis suis", with the consent of "uxore mea et filio meo Marino et fratribus et parentibus meis", by charter dated 12 Jun 1089[653]. "Constantinus rexet iudex Karalitanus, Vera mater eiusdem iudicis, Zerebis frater eiusdem iudicis, Comita frater eiusdem, ceteri fratris illius…" subscribed a charter dated 22 Apr 1090 by which "Ugo…Karalitanæ ecclesie archiepiscopi" confirmed various donations[654]. Arzo & his wife had six children:

a) COSTANTINO [I] (-after 22 Apr 1090). The dating clause of a charter dated 5 May 1066, under which “Constantinus Diaconus dictus nomine de Castra...filios meos Tirchi et Mariane et fratres meos domnizellu Petro et domnizellus Comita et zio meo Zerchis Deravo et Constantinus de Orrobulo Salvaptore” donated property to Monte Cassino, records “regnante domnu nostro Torkitori rex Sardigniæ de loco Call....cum uxor sua domina Veri et filio eius dompno Constantino...octavo anno regno eius”[655]. “Judigi Trogodori de Ugunali cum mulieri mia Donna Vera et cum filiu miu Donnu Constantini” donated property to the archbishop of Cagliari by undated charter[656]. "Constantinus…cum matre mea domina Vera" confirmed the foundation of the monastery of "S. Georgii et S. Genesii" in Sardinia by "Arzo rex et iudex Karalitanus cum uxore sua domina Vera et cum Constantino filio suo…et cum aliis filiis suis", with the consent of "uxore mea et filio meo Marino et fratribus et parentibus meis", by charter dated 12 Jun 1089, witnessed by "Constantinus rex et iudex qui dico Salusius de Lacon, Jorgia regina, Marianus rex et iudex filius suprascripti Constantini, Artuo frater eius"[657]. Judge of Cagliari. "Constantinus…rex et iudex Caralitanus" founded the monastery of "S. Saturnini" in Sardinia by charter dated 1089, witnessed by "Jorgia regina, Marianus iudex et rex filius istius Constantini, Zerchis frater iudici, Utbertus filius Rameri, Janbertus, Comita frater eius"[658]. "Constantinus rexet iudex Karalitanus, Vera mater eiusdem iudicis, Zerebis frater eiusdem iudicis, Comita frater eiusdem, ceteri fratris illius…" subscribed a charter dated 22 Apr 1090 by which "Ugo…Karalitanæ ecclesie archiepiscopi" confirmed various donations[659]. m GIORGIA, daughter of ---. "Constantinus…cum matre mea domina Vera" confirmed the foundation of the monastery of "S. Georgii et S. Genesii" in Sardinia, with the consent of "uxore mea et filio meo Marino et fratribus et parentibus meis", by charter dated 12 Jun 1089, witnessed by "Constantinus rex et iudex qui dico Salusius de Lacon, Jorgia regina…"[660]. "Constantinus…rex et iudex Caralitanus" founded the monastery of "S. Saturnini" in Sardinia by charter dated 1089, witnessed by "Jorgia regina…"[661]. Costantino & his wife had four children:

i) MARIANO [Torchitorio] [II] (-1130). "Constantinus…cum matre mea domina Vera" confirmed the foundation of the monastery of "S. Georgii et S. Genesii" in Sardinia, with the consent of "uxore mea et filio meo Marino et fratribus et parentibus meis", by charter dated 12 Jun 1089, witnessed by "Constantinus rex et iudex qui dico Salusius de Lacon, Jorgia regina, Marianus rex et iudex filius suprascripti Constantini, Artuo frater eius"[662]. Judge of Cagliari.

- see below.

ii) ARTUO . "Constantinus…cum matre mea domina Vera" confirmed the foundation of the monastery of "S. Georgii et S. Genesii" in Sardinia, with the consent of "uxore mea et filio meo Marino et fratribus et parentibus meis", by charter dated 12 Jun 1089, witnessed by "Constantinus rex et iudex qui dico Salusius de Lacon, Jorgia regina, Marianus rex et iudex filius suprascripti Constantini, Artuo frater eius"[663].

iii) ITTOCHO . "Marianus iudex Karilitanus filiusque noster dominus Constantinus et domino Comita et domino Gonnari et domino Dorbini et domino Petro avunculis mei et fratribus meis germanis Yttochon et Terbeis" donated property to Marseille Saint Victor by charter dated 2 May 1112[664].

iv) TERBEO . "Marianus iudex Karilitanus filiusque noster dominus Constantinus et domino Comita et domino Gonnari et domino Dorbini et domino Petro avunculis mei et fratribus meis germanis Yttochon et Terbeis" donated property to Marseille Saint Victor by charter dated 2 May 1112[665].

b) PIETRO SERGIO (-after 22 Apr 1090). "Constantinus…rex et iudex Caralitanus" founded the monastery of "S. Saturnini" in Sardinia by charter dated 1089, witnessed by "…Zerchis frater iudici…Comita frater eius"[666]. "Constantinus rexet iudex Karalitanus, Vera mater eiusdem iudicis, Zerebis frater eiusdem iudicis, Comita frater eiusdem, ceteri fratris illius…" subscribed a charter dated 22 Apr 1090 by which "Ugo…Karalitanæ ecclesie archiepiscopi" confirmed various donations[667].

c) COMITA (-[after 1119]). "Constantinus…rex et iudex Caralitanus" founded the monastery of "S. Saturnini" in Sardinia by charter dated 1089, witnessed by "…Zerchis frater iudici…Comita frater eius"[668]. "Constantinus rexet iudex Karalitanus, Vera mater eiusdem iudicis, Zerebis frater eiusdem iudicis, Comita frater eiusdem, ceteri fratris illius…" subscribed a charter dated 22 Apr 1090 by which "Ugo…Karalitanæ ecclesie archiepiscopi" confirmed various donations[669]. "Marianus iudex Karilitanus filiusque noster dominus Constantinus et domino Comita et domino Gonnari et domino Dorbini et domino Petro avunculis mei et fratribus meis germanis Yttochon et Terbeis" donated property to Marseille Saint Victor by charter dated 2 May 1112[670]. [“Iudigi Torgotori de Gunali cum filiu meu Donnu Gostantine fucte dictus potestas de Terra Kalarese et cum mulieri mia donna Preziosa de Lacon” donated property to S. Maria, Pisa, including “illam domesticam de Cannetum quam habeo cum donnicello Comita”, by charter dated to 1119[671]. It is not certain that “donnicello Comita” in this document was the donor’s paternal uncle.]

d) GONNARIO (-after 2 May 1112). "Marianus iudex Karilitanus filiusque noster dominus Constantinus et domino Comita et domino Gonnari et domino Dorbini et domino Petro avunculis mei et fratribus meis germanis Yttochon et Terbeis" donated property to Marseille Saint Victor by charter dated 2 May 1112[672].

e) TORBINO (-after 2 May 1112). Judge of Cagliari. “Turbini...Judex Kalaritanus” granted privileges to the Pisans by charter dated May 1104, witnessed by “Gonnari donnicellus et Petrus et Marianus donnicelli et Torchitore similiter...”[673]. “Turbini...Judex Calaritanus” donated property to S. Maria di Pisa, for the souls of “conjugis mee et filiorum meorum”, by charter dated May 1104[674]. "Marianus iudex Karilitanus filiusque noster dominus Constantinus et domino Comita et domino Gonnari et domino Dorbini et domino Petro avunculis mei et fratribus meis germanis Yttochon et Terbeis" donated property to Marseille Saint Victor by charter dated 2 May 1112[675]. m --- (-after May 1104). “Turbini...Judex Calaritanus” donated property to S. Maria di Pisa, for the souls of “conjugis mee et filiorum meorum”, by charter dated May 1104[676]. Torbino & his wife had children:

i) sons . “Turbini...Judex Calaritanus” donated property to S. Maria di Pisa, for the souls of “conjugis mee et filiorum meorum”, by charter dated May 1104[677].

f) PIETRO (-after 2 May 1112). "Marianus iudex Karilitanus filiusque noster dominus Constantinus et domino Comita et domino Gonnari et domino Dorbini et domino Petro avunculis mei et fratribus meis germanis Yttochon et Terbeis" donated property to Marseille Saint Victor by charter dated 2 May 1112[678].

MARIANO [Torchitorio] [II], son of COSTANTINO [I] Judge of Cagliari & his wife Giorgia --- (-1130). "Constantinus…cum matre mea domina Vera" confirmed the foundation of the monastery of "S. Georgii et S. Genesii" in Sardinia, with the consent of "uxore mea et filio meo Marino et fratribus et parentibus meis", by charter dated 12 Jun 1089, witnessed by "Constantinus rex et iudex qui dico Salusius de Lacon, Jorgia regina, Marianus rex et iudex filius suprascripti Constantini, Artuo frater eius"[679]. Judge of Cagliari. "Constantinus…rex et iudex Caralitanus" founded the monastery of "S. Saturnini" in Sardinia by charter dated 1089, witnessed by "…Marianus iudex et rex filius istius Constantini…"[680]. “Judex Torchitor de Lacono” donated property to the church of S. Lorenzo, Genoa by charter dated 18 Jun 1107[681]. “Judice Trogotori de Gunali cum filio meo Constantini” donated the church of S. Giovanni di Arsemine to S. Lorenzo, Genoa, for the souls of “mea et de muliere mea domna Preciosa de Lacon”, by charter dated 1108[682]. “Iudex Torchitor de Lacono qui proprio nomine Marianus vocor...quondam Constantini similiter judicis” donated property to the church of S. Maria, Pisa “mea et de muliere mea domna Preciosa de Lacon”, by charter dated 1108[683]. "Marianus iudex Karilitanus filiusque noster dominus Constantinus et domino Comita et domino Gonnari et domino Dorbini et domino Petro avunculis mei et fratribus meis germanis Yttochon et Terbeis" donated property to Marseille Saint Victor by charter dated 2 May 1112[684]. “Iudigi Torgotori de Gunali cum filiu meu Donnu Gostantine fucte dictus potestas de Terra Kalarese et cum mulieri mia donna Preziosa de Lacon” donated property to S. Maria, Pisa, including “illam domesticam de Cannetum quam habeo cum donnicello Comita”, by charter dated to 1119[685].

m PREZIOSA de Lacon, daughter of --- (-after 1119). “Judice Trogotori de Gunali cum filio meo Constantini” donated the church of S. Giovanni di Arsemine to S. Lorenzo, Genoa, for the souls of “mea et de muliere mea domna Preciosa de Lacon”, by charter dated 1108[686]. “Iudigi Torgotori de Gunali cum filiu meu Donnu Gostantine fucte dictus potestas de Terra Kalarese et cum mulieri mia donna Preziosa de Lacon” donated property to S. Maria, Pisa, including “illam domesticam de Cannetum quam habeo cum donnicello Comita”, by charter dated to 1119[687].

Mariano & his wife had one child:

1. COSTANTINO [Salusio] [II] (-1163). “Judice Trogotori de Gunali cum filio meo Constantini” donated the church of S. Giovanni di Arsemine to S. Lorenzo, Genoa, for the souls of “mea et de muliere mea domna Preciosa de Lacon”, by charter dated 1108[688]. "Marianus iudex Karilitanus filiusque noster dominus Constantinus et domino Comita et domino Gonnari et domino Dorbini et domino Petro avunculis mei et fratribus meis germanis Yttochon et Terbeis" donated property to Marseille Saint Victor by charter dated 2 May 1112[689]. “Iudigi Torgotori de Gunali cum filiu meu Donnu Gostantine fucte dictus potestas de Terra Kalarese et cum mulieri mia donna Preziosa de Lacon” donated property to S. Maria, Pisa, including “illam domesticam de Cannetum quam habeo cum donnicello Comita”, by charter dated to 1119[690]. Judge of Cagliari. “Judice Barusone de Serra potestate de logu de Arborea” donated property to the church of S. Maria di Bonarcado by undated charter, witnessed by “judice Constantine de Plominos, judice Gunnari de Jugadore, judice Constantine Gallulesa connatu meu”[691]. “Iudigi Salusi de Lacon cum mulieri mia dona Iurgia de Unali” [naming “...Iurgia et...matre sua dona Preciosa de Lacon”] permitted “ciu miu donigellu Arzoccu” to make donations, for the souls of “mia et de fiu meu”, by charter dated to [1163/64][692]. m GIORGIA di Unali, daughter of --- & his wife Preciosa di Lacon (-after [1163/64]). “Iudigi Salusi de Lacon cum mulieri mia dona Iurgia de Unali” [naming “...Iurgia et...matre sua dona Preciosa de Lacon”] permitted “ciu miu donigellu Arzoccu” to make donations, for the souls of “mia et de fiu meu”, by charter dated to [1163/64][693]. Costantino [II] & his wife had [one child]:

a) [daughter . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. It is not known whether the information is speculative, designed to explain the succession of her supposed husband to the judgeship of Cagliari. m PIETRO di Torres, son of GONARIO [II] Judge of Torres & his wife --- (-[1193]). Fara names “Petro” as the second son of “Genuarius II Lacon, vulgo Gunari de Lacon appellatus”, adding that his father granted him “regionem de Nucari” and recording in a later passage that he succeeded as judge of Cagliari[694]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. Judge of Cagliari. “Baruson iudex Arborensis” made peace with “Petro iudice Karalitano”, including arrangements for property held by the latter “tempore Costantini quondam iudicis”, by charter dated Dec 1169[695].]

GUGLIELMO [I] di Massa, son of OBERTO di Massa Marchese di Corsica & his wife --- (-1214). Marchese di Massa, Marchese di Corsica. Judge of Cagliari. The primary source which identifies the basis for his succession in Cagliari has not yet been identified. It is assumed that he succeeded Pietro di Torres as judge of Cagliari, but this assumption has not been confirmed by primary source evidence either. If it is correct, it is possible that he usurped his predecessor’s position. Judge of Arborea. "Nobilis vir Orlandinus Ugolinus de Porcari" swore allegiance to the Roman Church for "Rocca Massæ…et de castro Pontenzalo" which "claræ memoriæ G --- Marchio Massæ et judex Calaritanus" held, by charter dated 23 Jan 1234[696].

m firstly ADELASIA Malaspina, daughter of MORUELLO Malaspina & his wife --- (-after 1206). Her name is confirmed by the charter dated Jun 1215 under which [her daughter] “Benedicta de Lacon...podestando --- parte de Callaris” confirmed the donation made to the church of S. Giorgio di Suelli by “juigi Trodori...coniux...eius...Sinispella”, for the souls of “donnu padre miu su Marchesu de Massa jurgi Salusi de Lacono et de sa dona mama mia contissa Adalasia”[697].

m secondly (before 3 Sep 1211) GUISIANA di Capraia, daughter of GUIDO BURGUNDIONE Conte di Capraia & his wife --- (-after 1206). Pope Innocent III requested the archbishop of Torres to enquire into the consanguinity between “W. Calaritanus iudex” and “nobilem mulierem filiam comitis Guidonis quam duxerat in uxorem”, dated 3 Sep 1211[698].

Guglielmo & his first wife had two children:

1. AGNESE (-after 28 Oct 1256). Fara names “Agnetem Guillelmi iudicis Caralitani filiam” as the wife of “Marianus III...iudex Turritanus”, and mother of “Barisonem filium, et Benedictam atque Alasiam filias”[699]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. The testament of "domina Agnisia filia quondam marchionis Guillelmi Masse", dated 28 Oct 1256, appointed as her heir "Guillelmum de Chepola…marchionis Masse et iudicem regni Calari"[700]. m firstly MARIANO [II] de Lacon-Gunale Judge of Torres and Arborea, son of COMITA [II] Judge of Torres & his first wife Sinispella di Arborea (-1233). m secondly RANIERI della Gherardesca Conte di Bolgheri, son of --- (-1245).

2. BENEDETTA ([1194]-Massa [1232/33]). Muratori records the papal homage of "Prasson marchionis Massæ et judicis Kalaritani et Benedictæ eius uxoris", undated[701]. Tola states that Pietro Judge of Arborea married “Barisone...di lui figlio primogenito” to “Benedetta...figilia di Guglielmo I marchese di Massa”[702]. The primary source which confirms the marriage has not yet been identified. Heiress of Cagliari. “Benedicta de Lacon...podestando --- parte de Callaris” confirmed the donation made to the church of S. Giorgio di Suelli by “juigi Trodori...coniux...eius...Sinispella”, for the souls of “donnu padre miu su Marchesu de Massa jurgi Salusi de Lacono et de sa dona mama mia contissa Adalasia”, by charter dated Jun 1215[703]. “Benedicta de Lacon donna de Logu cum fillu miu Donnigella” donated property to the church of sant’Antioco di Solci by charter dated 22 May 1216[704]. “Benedicta...Massæ marchisia et iudicissa Calaritana et Arborensis” wrote to Pope Honorius III, with the advice of “virum nobilem Petrum [error for Parisonum]...filium quondam iudicis Petri Arboreæ”, about Pisan oppression dated 1217[705]. "Benedicta Donnicella Marchisana Massæ et Judicissa Calaritana" donated money "nomine census pro regno meo Calaritano" to "Domino Gottifredo præfecti urbis domini Papæ subdiacono et capellano, totius Sardiniæ et Corsicæ legato", by charter dated 5 Dec 1224[706]. “Benedicta donnicella marchisana Massæ et iudicissa Calaritana” confirmed her allegiance to the Papal legate by charter dated 3 Dec 1224[707]. The primary sources which confirm her second, third and fourth marriages have not yet been identified. m firstly (before 1211) BARISONE di Arborea, son of PIETRO Judge of Arborea & his wife --- (-1217). Judge of Cagliari. m secondly (9 Apr 1220, annulled by the Papacy) as his second wife, LAMBERTO Visconti Judge of Gallura, son of ELDIZIO Visconti consul of Pisa & his wife --- (-[1223/26]). m thirdly ENRICO di Ceola, son of ---. m fourthly Conte RINALDO Gualandi, son of --- (-after 1230). Benedetta & her first husband had one child:

a) GUGLIELMO [II] ([1215/22 May 1216]-1254). “Benedicta de Lacon donna de Logu cum fillu miu Donnigella” donated property to the church of sant’Antioco di Solci by charter dated 22 May 1216[708]. Judge of Cagliari. m ---. The name of Guglielmo’s wife is not known. Guglielmo [I] & his wife had [three] children:

i) [GIOVANNI di Massa [Chiano] (-murdered [27 Jul/15 Oct] 1256). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. However, it appears likely that he was the son of Guglielmo [II]. If that is correct, he could have been little more than an adolescent when he died. Judge of Cagliari. “Dominus Chiankitu marchio Masse et iudex Kalaritanus” appointed “Guilelmum Raynaldum filius quondam Russi avunculi sui et domine Marie Disserre martere sue” as his heirs by charter dated 23 Sep 1254[709]. Zurita records, after the death of “Chiano Marques de Caller”, the succession of “Guillelmo Cepola”[710]. The people of S. Igia acknowledged the succession of "domino Guillelmo fratri et consobrino domini Chianis…marchionis Masse et iudicis Calaritani" by charter dated 15 Oct 1256[711].]

ii) [GIACOPO di Massa (-after 14 Jan 1258). The testament of "dominus Guillelmus Cepulla marchio Masse et…iudex Kalaritanus", dated 14 Jan 1258, appointed as his heir "comune Ianue seu civitatem Ianue", provided they provided a dowry for "filie Alaxie quam genuit ex Francisca", and bequeathed property to "consanguineo meo Iacobo fratri quondam marchionis Chiani…filiis Raynaldi Cepulle quondam fratris sui"[712].]

iii) AGNESE di Massa (-after 28 Oct 1256). “Domina Agnesia filia quondam marchionis Guillelmi Masse et iudicis regni Calari” appointed “Guillelmum de Chepola...marchionem Masse et iudicem regni Calari” as her heir by charter dated 28 Oct 1256[713].

Guglielmo & his second wife had one child:

3. PREZIOSA (-[1230]). Pope Innocent III reprimanded the archbishop of Cagliari for having permitted the marriage of “filiam marchionis de Massa” and “Hugonem de Basso” without papal authorisation, dated 27 Oct 1207[714]. Her name is confirmed by the undated charter, probably dated to 1237, under which [her son] “Petrus de Laccono judice de Arborea et visconde de Basso” confirmed the donation made to S. Maria di Bonarcado by “donnu Ugo de Basso padre meu et donna Preciosa de Laccono mamma mea”[715]. m ([1206]) UGO PONCE de Bas Judge of Arborea, son of UC PONCE de Cevera Vizconde de Bas & his wife Sinispella de Arborea (1178-1211).

The precise relationship between the following family and the main Cagliari family is not known. The succession of Guglielmo [III] as judge of Cagliari is best explained if his mother Maria di Serra was the sister of Guglielmo [II], but this speculation has not been confirmed by primary source evidence:

1. ROSSO (-before 23 Sep 1254). m MARIA di Serra, daughter of --- (-after 23 Sep 1254). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Sep 1254 under which “Dominus Chiankitu marchio Masse et iudex Kalaritanus” appointed “Guilelmum Raynaldum filius quondam Russi avunculi sui et domine Marie Disserre martere sue” as his heirs[716]. The charters quoted in this section suggest that Maria must have been the sister of Guglielmo [II] Judge of Cagliari, but the primary source which confirms that this speculation is correct has not been identified. Rosso & his wife had two children:

a) RINALDO di Cepolla (-after 27 Jul 1256, probably before 15 Oct 1256). The testament of "Rainaldus quondam Russi", dated 27 Jul 1256, in the presence of "domini Chianis Masse et…iudicis Calaritani", bequeathes property to "Mase Amasie mee…et domine Ore socrue mee…Vuillelmum Ceuolam fratrem meum"[717]. All the documents which are quoted in this section, read together, suggest that Rinaldo may have been his parents’ older son and may have died before the accession of his brother as judge of Caglíari. If this speculation is correct, the exclusion of his children from the succession could be explained if they were infants. m ---. The name of Rinaldo’s wife is not known. Rinaldo & his wife had children:

i) children (-after 14 Jan 1258). The testament of "dominus Guillelmus Cepulla marchio Masse et…iudex Kalaritanus", dated 14 Jan 1258, appointed as his heir "comune Ianue seu civitatem Ianue", provided they provided a dowry for "filie Alaxie quam genuit ex Francisca", and bequeathed property to "consanguineo meo Iacobo fratri quondam marchionis Chiani…filiis Raynaldi Cepulle quondam fratris sui"[718].

b) GUGLIELMO [III] di Cepolla (-after 14 Jan 1258). The testament of "Rainaldus quondam Russi", dated 27 Jul 1256, in the presence of "domini Chianis Masse et…iudicis Calaritani", bequeathes property to "Mase Amasie mee…et domine Ore socrue mee…Vuillelmum Ceuolam fratrem meum"[719]. Judge of Cagliari. Zurita records, after the death of “Chiano Marques de Caller”, the succession of “Guillelmo Cepola”[720]. The people of S. Igia acknowledged the succession of "domino Guillelmo fratri et consobrino domini Chianis…marchionis Masse et iudicis Calaritani" by charter dated 15 Oct 1256[721]. “Domina Agnesia filia quondam marchionis Guillelmi Masse et iudicis regni Calari” appointed “Guillelmum de Chepola...marchionem Masse et iudicem regni Calari” as her heir by charter dated 28 Oct 1256[722]. After the death of Judge Giovanni di Massa “Chiano”, Cagliari was occupied by Pisans and divided into three parts: a charter dated 26 Jul 1257 records a peace agreement between the Pisans and Genoese “cum dominus Guillelmus comes Caprariæ et iudex Arboriæ et tertiæ partis regni Callaratani et generalis vicarius Pisanorum in Sardenia...et dominus Iohannes vicecomes iudex Gallurii et tertiæ partis regni Kallaritani...et Gerardus comes et Ugolinus Guelfus comes iudices tertiæ partis dicti regni Kalleritani”[723]. The testament of "dominus Guillelmus Cepulla marchio Masse et…iudex Kalaritanus", dated 14 Jan 1258, appointed as his heir "comune Ianue seu civitatem Ianue", provided they provided a dowry for "filie Alaxie quam genuit ex Francisca", and bequeathed property to "consanguineo meo Iacobo fratri quondam marchionis Chiani…filiis Raynaldi Cepulle quondam fratris sui"[724]. Mistress (1): FRANCESCA, daughter of ---. The testament of "dominus Guillelmus Cepulla marchio Masse et…iudex Kalaritanus", dated 14 Jan 1258, provided a dowry for "filie Alaxie quam genuit ex Francisca"[725]. Guglielmo had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

i) ALASIA di Cepolla . The testament of "dominus Guillelmus Cepulla marchio Masse et…iudex Kalaritanus", dated 14 Jan 1258, appointed as his heir "comune Ianue seu civitatem Ianue", provided they provided a dowry for "filie Alaxie quam genuit ex Francisca", and bequeathed property to "consanguineo meo Iacobo fratri quondam marchionis Chiani…filiis Raynaldi Cepulle quondam fratris sui"[726].

C. JUDGES of ARBOREA (SARDINIA)

Two siblings:

1. --- . m ---. One child:

a) ORROCO [Arzo] (-after 14 Oct 1073). Judge of Arborea. Pope Gregory VII wrote to “Mariano Turrensi, Orroco Arborensi, Orroco Caralitano et Constantino Gallurensi iudicibus Sardiniæ” dated 14 Oct 1073[727]. “Iudice Torbeni” issued an undated charter “pro domo de Nurage Nigellu et de domo de Massone de Capras”, with the consent of “donna Nibata matre mea”, and confirmed by “iudice Orzoccor dezori, nepote de donna Nibata”[728].

2. NIBATA . Her relationship to Judge Orroco, and her marriage, are confirmed by the undated charter which [her son] “Iudice Torbeni” issued “pro domo de Nurage Nigellu et de domo de Massone de Capras”, with the consent of “donna Nibata matre mea”, and confirmed by “iudice Orzoccor dezori, nepote de donna Nibata”[729]. m --- [di Zori], son of ---.

1. --- [di Zori] . m NIBATA, daughter of ---. Her relationship to Judge Orroco, and her marriage, are confirmed by the undated charter which [her son] “Iudice Torbeni” issued “pro domo de Nurage Nigellu et de domo de Massone de Capras”, with the consent of “donna Nibata matre mea”, and confirmed by “iudice Orzoccor dezori, nepote de donna Nibata”[730].

a) TORBENO di Zori . Judge of Arborea. “Iudice Torbeni” issued an undated charter “pro domo de Nurage Nigellu et de domo de Massone de Capras”, with the consent of “donna Nibata matre mea”, and confirmed by “iudice Orzoccor dezori, nepote de donna Nibata”[731]. “Iudice Turbini de Lacon, potestando parte de Arborea cum donna Anna de Zori e regina coiube mia” bought a horse from “Gostantine Dorrubu fretele meo” by undated charter[732]. m ANNA, daughter of ---. “Iudice Turbini de Lacon, potestando parte de Arborea cum donna Anna de Zori e regina coiube mia” bought a horse from “Gostantine Dorrubu fretele meo” by undated charter[733].

1. BARISONE . The charter dated 24 Jun 1147, under which [his great-grandson] "Gonnarius…Turritanorum Rex et Dominus" confirmed rights of Cassino monastery, in memory of "atavus meus Baraso Rex et Marianus avus noster, Constantinus…genitor noster, et Marchusa Regina uxor eius…"[734], suggests that Barisone ruled at some time as Judge of Arborea. No contemporary primary source has been identified which confirms that this supposition is correct or indicates the approximate dates of his rule. One possibility is that he was the same person as Torbeno di Zori, Barisone being an alternative name. m ---. The name of Barisone’s wife is not known. Barisone & his wife had one child:

a) MARIANO . His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 1147 under which "Gonnarius…Turritanorum Rex et Dominus" confirmed rights of Cassino monastery, in memory of "atavus meus Baraso Rex et Marianus avus noster, Constantinus…genitor noster, et Marchusa Regina uxor eius…"[735]. This document does not accord any title to Mariano, in contrast to Mariano’s father Barasone. It is therefore possible that Mariano predeceased his father and never ruled in Arborea. m ---. The name of Mariano’s wife is not known. Mariano & his wife had [five] children:

i) COSTANTINO (-after 25 Apr 1113). Judge of Arborea. “Nostru iudice Costantine [...de Laccon in regno qui dicitur Ardar] et dessa muliere domna Marcusa regina dicta nomine de Gunale” consented to the donation of property to Monte Cassino made by “Furatu de Gitil et muliere mea Susanna” by charter dated 25 Apr 1113[736]. “Constantinus...rex...de Laccon...cum uxore mea Marcusa regina...de Gunale” donated the church of S. Pietro di Iscanu to S. Salvatore di Camaldoli by charter dated 30 Apr 1113, witnessed by “donnicellu Comita de Laccon, donicellu Ithocor de Laccon, donnicellu Gunnari de Laccon, donnicellu Petru de Serra totos minor fratres”[737]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 1147 under which "Gonnarius…Turritanorum Rex et Dominus" confirmed rights of Cassino monastery, in memory of "atavus meus Baraso Rex et Marianus avus noster, Constantinus…genitor noster, et Marchusa Regina uxor eius…"[738]. m MARCUSA di Gunale, daughter of --- (-after 25 Apr 1113). “Nostru iudice Costantine [...de Laccon in regno qui dicitur Ardar] et dessa muliere domna Marcusa regina dicta nomine de Gunale” consented to the donation of property to Monte Cassino made by “Furatu de Gitil et muliere mea Susanna” by charter dated 25 Apr 1113[739]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 1147 under which "Gonnarius…Turritanorum Rex et Dominus" confirmed rights of Cassino monastery, in memory of "atavus meus Baraso Rex et Marianus avus noster, Constantinus…genitor noster, et Marchusa Regina uxor eius…"[740]. Costantino & his wife had one child:

(a) GONNARIO (-after 24 Jun 1147). "Gonnarius…Turritanorum Rex et Dominus" confirmed rights of Cassino monastery, in memory of "atavus meus Baraso Rex et Marianus avus noster, Constantinus…genitor noster, et Marchusa Regina uxor eius…et Comita cum uxore sua Muscundola, et Marinus cum uxore sua Justa, Pera filii Gonnarii, Constantinus de Carvia cum uxore sua Jorgia, Foratus de Gentil cum uxore sua Susanna ", by charter dated 24 Jun 1147[741].

- see below.

ii) COMITA di Lacon (-after 30 Apr 1113). “Constantinus...rex...de Laccon...cum uxore mea Marcusa regina...de Gunale” donated the church of S. Pietro di Iscanu to S. Salvatore di Camaldoli by charter dated 30 Apr 1113, witnessed by “donnicellu Comita de Laccon, donicellu Ithocor de Laccon, donnicellu Gunnari de Laccon, donnicellu Petru de Serra totos minor fratres”[742].

iii) ITOCORRE di Lacon (-after 30 Apr 1113). “Constantinus...rex...de Laccon...cum uxore mea Marcusa regina...de Gunale” donated the church of S. Pietro di Iscanu to S. Salvatore di Camaldoli by charter dated 30 Apr 1113, witnessed by “donnicellu Comita de Laccon, donicellu Ithocor de Laccon, donnicellu Gunnari de Laccon, donnicellu Petru de Serra totos minor fratres”[743].

iv) GONNARIO di Lacon (-after 13 Sep 1113). “Constantinus...rex...de Laccon...cum uxore mea Marcusa regina...de Gunale” donated the church of S. Pietro di Iscanu to S. Salvatore di Camaldoli by charter dated 30 Apr 1113, witnessed by “donnicellu Comita de Laccon, donicellu Ithocor de Laccon, donnicellu Gunnari de Laccon, donnicellu Petru de Serra totos minor fratres”[744]. “Gostantine...rege bocatibo...de Lacon...cum ubxore Marcusa regina...de Gunale” ordered the uniting of the churches of S. Maria and S. Nicolò di Soliu by charter dated 13 Sep 1113, naming “fratre meu Donnicellu Gunnari de Laccon”[745].

v) [PETRO di Serra (-after 30 Apr 1113). “Constantinus...rex...de Laccon...cum uxore mea Marcusa regina...de Gunale” donated the church of S. Pietro di Iscanu to S. Salvatore di Camaldoli by charter dated 30 Apr 1113, witnessed by “donnicellu Comita de Laccon, donicellu Ithocor de Laccon, donnicellu Gunnari de Laccon, donnicellu Petru de Serra totos minor fratres”[746]. The different geographical epithet of the last-named suggests that he may have been the uterine brother of the others, born from a second marriage of their mother.]

GONNARIO, son of COSTANTINO & his wife Marchusa --- (-after 24 Jun 1147). "Gonnarius…Turritanorum Rex et Dominus" confirmed rights of Cassino monastery, in memory of "atavus meus Baraso Rex et Marianus avus noster, Constantinus…genitor noster, et Marchusa Regina uxor eius…et Comita cum uxore sua Muscundola, et Marinus cum uxore sua Justa, Pera filii Gonnarii, Constantinus de Carvia cum uxore sua Jorgia, Foratus de Gentil cum uxore sua Susanna ", by charter dated 24 Jun 1147[747].

m ELENA Orvu, daughter of ---. Fara names “Helenam Orru” as the wife of “Genuarius alias Gonarius de Lacon...iudex Arboreæ”, and mother of “tres...filias...Helenam, Georgiam et Pretiosam, totidemque filios...Constantinum, Comitam et Orrocum seu Orrocorum”[748]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.

Gonnario & his wife had [six] children:

1. COSTANTINO [I] . Fara names “Helenam Orru” as the wife of “Genuarius alias Gonarius de Lacon...iudex Arboreæ”, and mother of “tres...filias...Helenam, Georgiam et Pretiosam, totidemque filios...Constantinum, Comitam et Orrocum seu Orrocorum”, adding that Costantino succeeded his father[749]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. Judge of Arborea. m ---. The name of Constantino’s wife is not known. Fara names “Annam Zori” as the wife of “Constantinus de Lacon”[750]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. Constantino & his wife had [two] children:

a) COMITA (-after 1144). His parentage is confirmed by the undated charter, maybe dated to [1182/83], under which [his son] “Iudice Barasune podestando totu Logu d’Arboreæ...cum mugera mia donna Algaburga regina de Logu” confirmed the church of S. Nicola di Gurgo to the Benedictines, as donated by “Iudice Gostantine Au meu et iudice Comida patre meus”[751]. Judge of Arborea. “Comita judex Arvorensis” donated property to S. Lorenzo, Genoa by charter dated Dec 1131[752]. m ---. The name of Comita’s wife is not known. Fara names “Helenam Orru” as the wife of “Comita II de Lacon” and mother of “Barisonem filium et filiam Anastasiam”[753]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. Comita & his wife had [three] children:

i) BARISONE (-1185). Fara names “Helenam Orru” as the wife of “Comita II de Lacon” and mother of “Barisonem filium et filiam Anastasiam”[754]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. Judge of Arborea.

- see below.

ii) CONSTANTINO . “Baresonus...rex Sardiniæ” made monetary commitments to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 16 Sep 1164, witnessed by “...Constantini de Lacu fratris regii...”[755].

iii) [ANASTASIA . Fara names “Helenam Orru” as the wife of “Comita II de Lacon” and mother of “Barisonem filium et filiam Anastasiam”[756]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.]

b) [ORROCO . Fara records that “Orrocus III, seu Orrocorus Comitæ fratri” succeeded his brother “in Arboreensi iudicatu”[757]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.

2. [COMITA . Fara names “Helenam Orru” as the wife of “Genuarius alias Gonarius de Lacon...iudex Arboreæ”, and mother of “tres...filias...Helenam, Georgiam et Pretiosam, totidemque filios...Constantinum, Comitam et Orrocum seu Orrocorum”[758]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. In a later passage, Fara indicates that Comita succeeded his brother Costantino as judge of Arborea. However, the charter evidence quoted above indicates that Costantino’s successor was his son.]

3. ORROCO . Fara names “Helenam Orru” as the wife of “Genuarius alias Gonarius de Lacon...iudex Arboreæ”, and mother of “tres...filias...Helenam, Georgiam et Pretiosam, totidemque filios...Constantinum, Comitam et Orrocum seu Orrocorum”[759]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.

4. ELENA . Fara names “Helenam Orru” as the wife of “Genuarius alias Gonarius de Lacon...iudex Arboreæ”, and mother of “tres...filias...Helenam, Georgiam et Pretiosam, totidemque filios...Constantinum, Comitam et Orrocum seu Orrocorum”[760]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.

5. GIORGIA . Fara names “Helenam Orru” as the wife of “Genuarius alias Gonarius de Lacon...iudex Arboreæ”, and mother of “tres...filias...Helenam, Georgiam et Pretiosam, totidemque filios...Constantinum, Comitam et Orrocum seu Orrocorum”[761]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.

6. PREZIOSA . Fara names “Helenam Orru” as the wife of “Genuarius alias Gonarius de Lacon...iudex Arboreæ”, and mother of “tres...filias...Helenam, Georgiam et Pretiosam, totidemque filios...Constantinum, Comitam et Orrocum seu Orrocorum”[762]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.

BARISONE, son of COMITA Judge of Arborea & his wife --- (-1185). Fara names “Helenam Orru” as the wife of “Comita II de Lacon” and mother of “Barisonem filium et filiam Anastasiam”[763]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. Judge of Arborea. “Judice Barusone de Serra potestate de logu de Arborea” donated property to the church of S. Maria di Bonarcado by undated charter, witnessed by “judice Constantine de Plominos, judice Gunnari de Jugadore, judice Constantine Gallulesa connatu meu”[764]. “Parason...iudex Arboræ filius quondam Comita item iudicis Arboreæ” granted property to “dominæ Agalbursæ...uxori meæ filiæ quondam Pontii de Cervera” on their marriage by charter dated 31 Oct 1157, witnessed by “...Ugonis vicecomitis...”[765]. King of Sardinia. “Baresonus...rex Sardiniæ” made monetary commitments to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 16 Sep 1164, witnessed by “...Constantini de Lacu fratris regii...”[766]. Emperor Friedrich I granted a royal crown to "Barasonem Judicem" in 1165[767]. Zurita records that “la isla de Cerdeña” was governed by “governadores que...tuvieron titulo de juzgados o reynos o señorios...Arborea, Gallura, Caller y el de Turri”, that during the reign of Emperor Friedrich I “Butison [...Barison] Juez y Señor de Arborea” declared himself king and assumed “dominio de toda la isla” with the consent of the emperor, in opposition to “Pisanos que pretendian que la isla era suya y no del Imperio”, but that Barisone was captured by the Genoese who imprisoned him in Genoa and took control “la mitad de la isla en las partidas de Arborea y Caller en oposito de Pisanos a los quales el Emperador Federico dió la investidura de toda la isla”[768]. "Iudice Barusone Darboree" donated property to "Susanna fiia mia", with the consent of "donna Algabursa mugere mia regina de Logu Darboree", by charter dated 1165[769]. “Baruson iudex de Arborea” made peace with “Barusone iudice Turritano”, including arrangements for property held by the latter “tempore Gunnarii quondam iudicis”, by charter dated 1168[770]. “Baruson iudex Arborensis” made peace with “Petro iudice Karalitano”, including arrangements for property held by the latter “tempore Costantini quondam iudicis”, by charter dated Dec 1169[771]. “Iudice Barasune podestando totu Logu d’Arboreæ...cum mugera mia donna Algaburga regina de Logu” confirmed the church of S. Nicola di Gurgo to the Benedictines, as donated by “Iudice Gostantine Au meu et iudice Comida patre meus”, by undated charter, maybe dated to [1182/83][772]. “Rege Barusone d’Arbaree et uxore mia donna Agal Borssa regina de Logu” donated property to S. Maria, Pisa by charter dated Jun 1185 witnessed by “Puneu nebode meu”[773].

m firstly (repudiated) PELLEGRINA de Lacon, daughter of --- (-after 27 Apr 1195). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 27 Apr 1195 under which [her son] “Iudice Petrus Darboree” donated annual income to S. Lorenzo, Genoa, with the consent of “donna mama mia donna Pelegrina de Lacon et de Barusone de Lacon filio meo”[774]. Presumably she was repudiated by her husband as she was still alive at the date of this document.

m secondly ([31] Oct 1157) AGALBURGA de Bas-Cevera, daughter of PONCE [II] de Bas-Cevera Vizconde de Bas & his [first wife ---] (-after 8 Oct 1186). “Parason...iudex Arboræ filius quondam Comita item iudicis Arboreæ” granted property to “dominæ Agalbursæ...uxori meæ filiæ quondam Pontii de Cervera” on their marriage by charter dated 31 Oct 1157, witnessed by “...Ugonis vicecomitis...”[775]. If Agalburga was born from her father’s marriage to Almodis, her mother would have been less than ten years old at the time. Although early marriage was common, this does seem exaggerated. It is therefore possible that Agalburga was born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage of her father. Her absence from the charter dated 28 Feb 1164, in which Almodis names her other surviving children, also suggests that Agalburga was not her daughter. "Iudice Barusone Darboree" donated property to "Susanna fiia mia", with the consent of "donna Algabursa mugere mia regina de Logu Darboree", by charter dated 1165[776]. “A...Arboree Regina” granted navigation rights “in toto Arborensi iudicatu” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 8 Oct 1186, naming “Poncium nepotem meum [...filius quondam Ugonis de Bassis] post quam ad etatem 14 annorum pervenerit”[777].

Barisone & his first wife had three children:

1. PIETRO (-after 20 Feb 1192). Judge of Arborea. “Petrus...rex et iudex Arboree filius quondam Barasonis item regis et iudex Arboree” donated property to S. Maria, Pisa by charter dated 1187[778]. The absence from this document of his father’s second wife Agalburga suggests that Pietro was probably born from his father’s first marriage, although this is not beyond all doubt. “Petrus...rex et iudex Arborensis quondam Baresonis regis filius et iudicis Arboree” committed to pay debts to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 29 May 1188, witnessed by “...Orzocor de Lacon filio quondam Barasonis rex et iudex Arborensis Curator de Barberia Dagusti...”[779]. “Petrus...iudex Arborensis filius quondam Baresoni iudicis Arboren. et Ugo filius quondam Ugonis de Bas qui olim Poncet nominabatur consilio...Raimundi de Turingia maioris...curatorem” confirmed rights of the commune of Genoa by charter dated 20 Feb 1192[780]. “Iudice Petrus Darboree” donated annual income to S. Lorenzo, Genoa, with the consent of “donna mama mia donna Pelegrina de Lacon et de Barusone de Lacon filio meo”, for the souls of “padre meu et...Torbine frade meu”, by charter dated 27 Apr 1195[781]. Fara quotes a bull of Pope Innocent III dated 1199 which records that “Petrum Arboreensem iudicem et filium eius parvulum” were captured by “marchio iudex Caralitanus”[782]. m as her first husband, B---, daughter of ---. Fara names “Bina” as wife of “Petrus de Serra Barisonis de Lacon filius, iudex Arboreensis” and mother of his son[783]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. Pope Innocent III ordered an enquiry into the case of “B. nobilis mulieris” who had married “iudici Arborensi” and had one child by him, and had then married “Hugoni comiti” by whom she had two sons whose legitimation had been requested from the Pope, dated 16 May 1207[784]. Pietro & his wife had one child:

a) BARISONE (-1217). “Iudice Petrus Darboree” donated annual income to S. Lorenzo, Genoa, with the consent of “donna mama mia donna Pelegrina de Lacon et de Barusone de Lacon filio meo”, for the souls of “padre meu et...Torbine frade meu”, by charter dated 27 Apr 1195[785]. Fara quotes a bull of Pope Innocent III dated 1199 which records that “Petrum Arboreensem iudicem et filium eius parvulum” were captured by “marchio iudex Caralitanus”[786]. [“Jugi Trogodori de Unali cum donna Benedicta de Lacon muliere mia” confirmed the donation made to the church of S. Giorgio di Suelli by “juigi Pedru” for his soul and those of “filias suas”, by charter dated 30 Sep 1215[787]. It is assumed that this charter refers to Barisone di Arborea, but no other document has yet been identified which gives him the alternative name “Trogodori”.] m (before 1211) as her first husband, BENEDETTA di Massa, daughter of GUGLIELMO di Massa Judge of Cagliari & his first wife Adelasia Malaspina ([1194]-Massa [1232/33]). Muratori records the papal homage of "Prasson marchionis Massæ et judicis Kalaritani et Benedictæ eius uxoris", undated[788]. Tola states that Pietro Judge of Arborea married “Barisone...di lui figlio primogenito” to “Benedetta...figilia di Guglielmo I marchese di Massa”[789]. The primary source which confirms the marriage has not yet been identified. She married secondly (9 Apr 1220, annulled by the Papacy) as his second wife, Lamberto Visconti Judge of Gallura, thirdly Enrico di Ceola, and fourthly Conte Rinaldo Gualandi. Barisone & his wife had one child:

- JUDGES of CAGLIARI.

2. TORBINO (-before 27 Apr 1195). “Iudice Petrus Darboree” donated annual income to S. Lorenzo, Genoa, with the consent of “donna mama mia donna Pelegrina de Lacon et de Barusone de Lacon filio meo”, for the souls of “padre meu et...Torbine frade meu”, by charter dated 27 Apr 1195[790].

3. SINISPELLA . "Iudice Barusone Darboree" donated property to "Susanna fiia mia", with the consent of "donna Algabursa mugere mia regina de Logu Darboree", by charter dated 1165[791]. Fara names “Spellam Arboreensem” as the wife of “Comita II, Barisonis quartus filius”, and mother of “Marianum filium, filiasque Mariam et Pretiosam”[792]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. m firstly UC PONCE de Cevera Vizconde de Bas, son of PONCE [II] de Bas-Cevera Vizconde de Bas & his wife Almodis de Barcelona (-1185). m secondly as his first wife, COMITA de Lacon Judge of Torres, son of GONARIO [II] Judge of Torres & his wife --- (-1218).

Barisone had one [probably illegitimate] child by [an unknown mistress]:

4. [ORZOCOR di Lacon (-after 29 May 1188). “Petrus...rex et iudex Arborensis quondam Baresonis regis filius et iudicis Arboree” committed to pay debts to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 29 May 1188, witnessed by “...Orzocor de Lacon filio quondam Barasonis rex et iudex Arborensis Curator de Barberia Dagusti...”[793]. The later succession of Ugo Ponce de Bas as judge of Arborea suggests that Orzocor was probably illegitimate.]

The relationship, if any, between the following person and the main family of judges of Arborea has not been traced:

1. CONSTANTINO (-after 20 Oct 1211). Judge of Arborea. “Iudice Constantinus de Arborea territorium...cum uxore domina Anna” founded the monastery of S. Maria di Bonarcanto by charter dated 20 Oct 1211[794]. m (before 20 Oct 1211) ANNA, daughter of ---. “Iudice Constantinus de Arborea territorium...cum uxore domina Anna” founded the monastery of S. Maria di Bonarcanto by charter dated 20 Oct 1211[795].

UGO PONCE de Bas, son of UC PONCE de Cevera Vizconde de Bas & his wife Sinispella de Arborea (after [1171/72]-1211). “A...Arboree Regina” granted navigation rights “in toto Arborensi iudicatu” to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 8 Oct 1186, naming “Poncium nepotem meum [...filius quondam Ugonis de Bassis] post quam ad etatem 14 annorum pervenerit”[796]. Judge of Arborea. “Ugo quondam Ugonis de Bassis rex et iudex Arborensis” confirmed rights of the commune of Genoa, with the advice of “Raimundo de Turingia barbani mei”, by charter dated 20 Feb 1192, witnessed by “Raimundi de Turrigia, Raimundi filii eius...”[797]. “Petrus...iudex Arborensis filius quondam Baresoni iudicis Arboren. et Ugo filius quondam Ugonis de Bas qui olim Poncet nominabatur consilio...Raimundi de Turingia maioris...curatorem” confirmed rights of the commune of Genoa by charter dated 20 Feb 1192[798]. “Raimundus de Turrigia pro me et Ugone filio quondam Ugonis de Bassis rege et iudice Arboree, cuius curator sum...et Raimundus de Gulgo frater eius, nec non Guillielmus de Sagardia et Bernardus de Anglarola” confirmed to the consul of Genoa that they would transfer to him the castle of Serla by charter dated 1 Mar 1192, witnessed by “...Petro iudice Arboree”[799]. "Ugo" donated property in San Privat and Santa María de Puigpardinas to "Ademario de Mirales" by charter dated 30 Nov 1196[800]. A charter dated 18 Jan 1198 records an agreement between "Ugonem vice-comitem de Bas" and "Petrum de Ceruaria"[801]. “Ugo de Bassio sive Pontius filius quondam Ugonis de Bassio” granted concessions to the commune of Genoa, with the consent of “donna mama mia donna Pelegrina de Lacon et de Barusone de Lacon filio meo”, for the souls of “padre meu et...Torbine frade meu”, by charter dated 28 Aug 1198[802].

m (before 27 Oct 1207) PREZIOSA di Massa, daughter of GUGLIELMO di Massa Judge of Cagliari & his second wife Guisiana di Capraia. Pope Innocent III reprimanded the archbishop of Cagliari for having permitted the marriage of “filiam marchionis de Massa” and “Hugonem de Basso” without papal authorisation, dated 27 Oct 1207[803]. Her name is confirmed by the undated charter, probably dated to 1237, under which [her son] “Petrus de Laccono judice de Arborea et visconde de Basso” confirmed the donation made to S. Maria di Bonarcado by “donnu Ugo de Basso padre meu et donna Preciosa de Laccono mamma mea”[804].

Ugo & his wife had one child:

1. PIETRO [II] di Basso (-1238). The testament of "Hugo de Torroja vizconde de Bas" is dated 8 Aug 1218, bequeathes the castles of Espluga and Olmells to "su hermana Eldiardis" and all his rights in Bas to "la esmentada senyora…a atendre al fill d’Uch de Bas"[805]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Judge of Arborea. “Petrus de Lacono judice de Arborea et Visconte de Bassu” donated property to the church of S. Martino di Oristano, with the consent of “donna Diana uxore mia regina de Arborea”, by charter dated 18 Jan 1228[806]. “Petrus...vicecomes de Bassu et rege et judicis de Arborea” donated property to the church of S. Maria di Bonarcado, with the consent of “domina Diana viscontissa mugere mea”, by charter dated 1230[807]. “Petrus de Laccono judice de Arborea et visconde de Basso” confirmed the donation made to S. Maria di Bonarcado by “donnu Ugo de Basso padre meu et donna Preciosa de Laccono mamma mea”, with the consent of “donna Diana mugere mea donna de Arborea”, by undated charter, probably dated to 1237[808]. “Iudex Petrus Arboreæ” confirmed his allegiance to the papacy for “iudicatum Arboreæ” by charter dated 3 Apr 1237[809]. A charter dated 7 Nov 1237 records a peace agreement on behalf of “domino comite Raynerio domino Bulgaro pro se et filiis et nepotibus suis...comitibus Guelfo de Donoratico et...viro domino Petro Iud. Arboriæ et...nobilibus viris Ugolino Vic. quond. Gottifredi, et Gottifredo eius nepotes, et Guglielmo Vic. quondam Gisberti Vic...domino Hubaldo Vic. Iud. Gall. et Turr” and the Pisan community[810]. m (before 18 Jan 1228) DIANA Visconti, daughter of [UBALDO Visconti podestà of Pisa & his wife Constanza di Capraia] (-after 1237). “Petrus de Lacono judice de Arborea et Visconte de Bassu” donated property to the church of S. Martino di Oristano, with the consent of “donna Diana uxore mia regina de Arborea”, by charter dated 18 Jan 1228[811]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. “Petrus...vicecomes de Bassu et rege et judicis de Arborea” donated property to the church of S. Maria di Bonarcado, with the consent of “domina Diana viscontissa mugere mea”, by charter dated 1230[812]. “Petrus de Laccono judice de Arborea et visconde de Basso” confirmed the donation made to S. Maria di Bonarcado by “donnu Ugo de Basso padre meu et donna Preciosa de Laccono mamma mea”, with the consent of “donna Diana mugere mea donna de Arborea”, by undated charter, probably dated to 1237[813].

There is considerable uncertainty about the successors of Judge Pietro [II]. As will be seen below, few primary sources have been identified which help clarify the confusion. Arborea evidently experienced a period of turbulence during the mid-13th century, which may explain the successful Aragonese conquest.

1. COMITA [III] de Serra (-[1253] or [1265]). Judge of Arborea. Tola names “Comita [III] de Serra” as immediate successor of Pietro [II] Judge of Arborea, noting that the starting date of his reign is uncertain and that “Alcuni” stated that he was no longer Judge in 1253 when “Guglielmo conte de Capraja” is recorded as such whereas other authors suggested that he continued as judge until 1265[814]. The Constitutiones Gerardi prioris Camaldulensis lists in 1278 benefactors which include “bonæ memoriæ judicem Comitam” and his donation, which Tola suggests could only refer to Comita [III][815].

2. GUGLIELMO di Capraia . Conte di Capraia: Tola names “Guglielmo...apparteneva alla famiglia dei conti di Capraia...conte di Capraia” as Judge of Arborea, noting that he fought for Pisa in 1239 against the Genoese and (as noted above) may have become Judge as early as 1253[816]. Judge of Arborea. m ---. The name of Guglielmo’s wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had one child:

a) NICOLÒ di Capraia . Tola records that “Guglielmo...di Capraia” left “un figlio...Nicolò” whom he recommended “alla tutela di Mariano”[817].

3. MARIANO [II] di Basso (-1297). Tola names “Mariano II...successore di Comita III...appartenne alla famiglia del Serra” as Judge of Arborea, noting that the death of “Guglielmo conte di Capraia e di Nicolò suo figlio, di cui era stato tutore, lo raffermarono nel trono”[818]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln, Mariano was the son of Judge Pietro [II][819]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified, although his succession in Bas suggests a close family relationship with his predecessors. Vizconde de Bas. Judge of Arborea. Zurita names “Mariano Juez de Arborea” who was “muy favorecido del Rey Don Pedro” [Pedro III King of Aragon] and his sons King Alfonso III and King Jaime II (who renounced “el Reyno de Sicilia en favor del Rey Carlos”), noting that Sardinia was divided into three “señorias”, of which two “siendo los principales que se avian apoderado de la nacion Genovesa, los del linaje de Oria...y los Marqueses de Malaspina” and the third “del comun de Pisa Mariano y Andres Iuezes de Arborea y Vizcondes de Bas, y los Condes de Donoratico que eran muy nobles y antiguos caballeros Pisanos”[820]. Pedro III King of Aragon wrote to “domino Mariano Iudici Arboreæ...affini suo” regarding captured Pisan ships dated 11 Apr 1284[821]. Zurita records that Jaime II King of Aragon was granted “[el] Reyno de Cerdeña y Corcega” after renouncing the kingdom of Sicily[822]. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Mariano’s wife had not been identified. Mariano [II] & his wife had one child:

a) GIOVANNI di Basso (-1301). Tola names Giovanni as son of Mariano [II][823]. The primary source which confirms that this information is correct has not been identified. Judge of Arborea 1298. A charter dated 31 Jul 1299 records a peace agreement between “domini Johannis vic. de Basso et...iudicis Arboree” and the Genoese community[824]. m as her first husband, GIACOMINA, daughter of --- (-after 12 Feb 1329). She married secondly Tedice Gherardesca Conte di Donoratico. Her two marriages are confirmed by Emperor Ludwig IV who granted “bona feudalia que tenebat dictus Iohannes tempore quo decessit” to “mulieri Iacomine uxori Tedicii comitis de Donoratico”, considering that “condam...Iohannes Iudex Arboree olim maritus tuus” died “absque liberis masculis legiptimis, relicta ex te tunc uxore sua una dumtaxat postuma...Iohanna et que in infantali etate post obitum dicti patris sui diem clausit extremum” and that “Marzanus filius naturalis dicti Iohannis” was granted “ipsa bona” by “bone memorie Henrico Romanorum imperatore predecessore nostro” and that “Ugerus qui nunc dicitur dicta bona feudalie detinere est rebellis noster”, by charter dated 12 Feb 1329[825]. Giovanni & his wife had one child:

i) GIOVANNA di Basso (posthumously [1301]-young). Her parentage, date of birth, and early death are confirmed by the 12 Feb 1329 charter quoted above.

Giovanni had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

ii) MARIANO [III] di Basso (-1321 or before). His parentage is confirmed by the 12 Feb 1329 charter quoted above. Judge of Arborea 1301.

- see below.

4. ANDREA di Basso . Judge of Arborea. Zurita notes that in the late 13th century Sardinia was divided into three “señorias”, of which two “siendo los principales que se avian apoderado de la nacion Genovesa, los del linaje de Oria...y los Marqueses de Malaspina” and the third “del comun de Pisa Mariano y Andres Iuezes de Arborea y Vizcondes de Bas, y los Condes de Donoratico que eran muy nobles y antiguos caballeros Pisanos”[826]. No primary source has been found which names Andrea: maybe he was the brother of Mariano [II], or his older son who predeceased Giovanni.

The following reconstruction of the descendants of Mariano [III] reflects the primary sources which have been identified. Europäische Stammtafeln shows other individuals, but unfortunately provides no reference to sources on which the information is based[827].

MARIANO [III] di Basso, illegitimate son of GIOVANNI di Basso Judge of Arborea & his mistress --- (-1321 or before). His parentage is confirmed by the 12 Feb 1329 charter quoted above. Judge of Arborea 1301. “Marianus vicecomes de Basso...iudex Arboree quondam iudicis Iohannis” donated property, for the souls of “bone memorie...olim iudicis Mariani eius avi et...iudicis Iohannis quondam eius patris”, by charter dated 31 Mar 1310[828]. Tola records his death “nel 1321”[829]. He cites no source for this date, but Mariano’s son and successor is named as judge of Arborea in 1321 as noted below.

m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Mariano’s wife has not been identified.

Mariano [III] & [his wife] had ten children (according to Europäische Stammtafeln, all Mariano [III]’s children were illegitimate[830]. The source which confirms that this is correct has not been identified):

1. UGONE di Basso (-after 4 Apr 1336, bur Oristano). Judge of Arborea. Zurita records that “Ugo de Sera” succeeded “en el juzgado de Arborea” and in 1321 sent “Mariano de Amirato” to Jaime II King of Aragon requesting help against the Pisans[831]. Jaime II King of Aragon received the homage of “Ugo Iudex Arboriæ et Vicomes de Basso” by charter dated 29 Dec 1322[832]. Jaime II King of Aragon granted “Hugonis Vicecomitis de Basso Iudicis Arboreæ” the right to grant the titles “comitis, vicecomitis, aut marchionis” to “filios vestros legitimos masculos” by charter dated 1 May 1328[833]. The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, chose burial “apud ecclesiam Beate Marie civitatis nostre Oristanni...ubi antecessores sunt soliti sepelliri”, named “Petro donnicello Arboree nostro...primogenito et heredi universali...Nicolao et Francisco...nostris...filiis...uxor nostra...domine Benedicte...Mariano de Arborea [...dominus Gotziani]...filio nostro...Iohanni de Arborea...filio nostro dominoque Montis acuti...Maria de Arborea nostra filia...ventrem pregnantem...uxoris nostre...Laurentio de Arborea nostro filio naturali...Marianus de Serra...nepos noster...Mariano de Amirai...nepoti nostro...Iohanni Villano quondam domini Iacobi Villani et Henrico Villano quondam item Henrici...nepotibus nostri...domino Raynerio Bonifacii de Gualandis...nepoti nostro filio quondam domine Sardigne olim...sororis nostre...in villa Orbana...Mariano et Johanni Satio...nepotibus nostris et filiis olim domini Francisci Satii et quondam domine Sardinie...sororis nostre villam...de Simugleo...Iacobo filio domini Cini de Taculis...consanguineo nostro...ville de Solarussa...filiis et heredibus quondam Michaellis de Taculiis consanguineis nostris...Angiulese et Preciose filiabus nostris naturalibus...in villa nostra de Mogoro...Guillermum germanum nostrum et heres Gonnarii quondam fratris nostri et etiam filios Adalasie sororis nostre...Mariano de Serra Ugueti...nepoti nostro...Bonaventuram de Arborea...filiam nostram”[834]. m BENEDETTA, daughter of --- (-after 4 Apr 1336). The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...uxor nostra...domine Benedicte...”[835]. Ugone & his wife had eight children:

a) PIETRO [III] di Arborea (-1347). The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “Petro donnicello Arboree nostro...primogenito et heredi universali...Nicolao et Francisco...nostris...filiis...Mariano de Arborea [...dominus Gotziani]...filio nostro...Iohanni de Arborea...filio nostro dominoque Montis acuti...Maria de Arborea nostra filia...ventrem pregnantem...uxoris nostre...Bonaventuram de Arborea...filiam nostram”[836]. His parentage is confirmed by Zurita when recording his betrothals, as quoted below. Judge of Arborea. Betrothed (1328) to MARÍA Álvarez de Ejérica, daughter of JAIME de Aragón Barón de Ejérica & his wife doña Beatriz de Lauria Señora de Cocentaina ([1310]-before 1364). Zurita records the marriage contract agreed 1328 between “don Pedro hijo mayor del Juez de Arborea” and “doña Maria Alvarez de Exerica...hermana mayor de don Jayme”, which did not proceed[837]. m (contract 1328/1329) CONSTANZA di Saluzzo, daughter of FILIPPO di Saluzzo & his first wife Sibilla di Peralta (-18 Feb 1348). Zurita records the marriage contract agreed in 1328 and 1329 between “el Juez de Arborea...su hijo el mayor...Pedro de Arborea” and “doña Costança de Saluces hija de Felipe de Saluces...muy cerca parienta del Rey”[838]. A nun at Santa Chiara d’Oristano 1347.

b) MARIANO di Arborea (-1376). The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “Petro donnicello Arboree nostro...primogenito et heredi universali...Nicolao et Francisco...nostris...filiis...Mariano de Arborea [...dominus Gotziani]...filio nostro...Iohanni de Arborea...filio nostro dominoque Montis acuti...Maria de Arborea nostra filia...ventrem pregnantem...uxoris nostre...Bonaventuram de Arborea...filiam nostram”[839]. His parentage is confirmed by Zurita’s record of his first betrothal, quoted below. Zurita records that in 1332 “Mariano y Juan de Arborea hijos del Juez de Arborea” arrived at “la Corte del Rey”[840]. Pedro IV King of Aragon granted the title “Comites de Guciano” to “Ugonem quondam Vicecomitem de Basso Iudicem Arboreæ...Marianus de Arborea eius filius” by charter dated 11 Sep 1339[841]. Judge of Arborea. “Marianus de Arborea segnore de Gociani et de Marmela” ordered the construction of a new town near “castellu nostru de Gociani” by charter dated 16 Aug 1353[842]. “Marianus...Iudez Arboreæ, Comes Gociani et Vicecomes de Basso” emancipated “primogeniti nostri Hugonis de Arborea” by charter dated 14 Mar 1355[843]. Zurita records the death in 1376 of “Mariano Juez de Arborea” and the succession of “su hijo que era muy moço, pero en la rebelion y tirania y en todo genero de crueldad fue muy peor de su padre”[844]. Betrothed (1329) to BEATRIZ de Cardona, daughter of RAMON de Cardona Governor of Sardinia & his wife Beatriz de Aragon. Zurita records the marriage contract agreed in 1329 between “el Juez de Arborea...su hijo segundo...Mariano de Arborea” and “doña Beatriz de Cardona hija de don Ramon de Cardona...Governador del Reyno de Cerdeña”, which did not proceed[845]. m (contract 1332) TIMBOR di Rocabertí, daughter of JOFRE [V] Vescomte de Rocabertí & his wife Elisenda de Montcada. Zurita records the plan in 1332 for the marriage of “Mariano...de Arborea hijo del Juez de Arborea” and “doña Timbor hija del Vizconde de Rocaberti”, after discussing many other possible brides for Mariano[846]. Mariano & his wife had three children:

i) UGONE di Arborea (-murdered 1383, before 22 Mar). Zurita records the rebellion in 1376 of “un hijo del Juez de Arborea...Ugo de Arborea” and the death of “Mariano Juez de Arborea” and the succession of “su hijo que era muy moço, pero en la rebelion y tirania y en todo genero de crueldad fue muy peor de su padre”[847]. Judge of Arborea. Zurita records the death in 1383 of “Ugo...Juez de Arborea” killed for his cruelty and the influence of “Brancaleo de Oria...siendo casado con doña Leonor de Arborea hermana del postrero juez”, who swore allegiance to the king of Aragon “entregando a Federico de Oria su hijo y de doña Leonor de Arborea”[848]. Pedro IV King of Aragon notified the death “del jutge d’Arborea e de sa filla” by charter dated 22 Mar 1383[849]. m ---. The name of Ugone’s wife is not known. Ugone & his wife had one child:

(a) daughter (-before 22 Mar 1383). Pedro IV King of Aragon notified the death “del jutge d’Arborea e de sa filla” by charter dated 22 Mar 1383[850].

ii) ELEONORA di Arborea (-1403). No indication has been found of the date of Eleonora’s marriage, although as the older daughter it is likely that she married before her sister Beatrice. Zurita records the death in 1383 of “Ugo...Juez de Arborea” killed for his cruelty and the influence of “Brancaleo de Oria...siendo casado con doña Leonor de Arborea hermana del postrero juez”, who swore allegiance to the king of Aragon “entregando a Federico de Oria su hijo y de doña Leonor de Arborea”[851]. Zurita records the succession in 1387 of “doña Leonor de Arborea en el estado de su padre” on behalf of “Mariano su hijo”, a peace agreement being agreed the following year[852]. Père Anselme records her death in 1403 (no source cited)[853]. m (before [1364]?) BRANCALEONE Doria, son of BRANCALEONE Doria & his wife Isotta Malaspina ([1337]-Castelgenovese 1409).

iii) BEATRICE di Arborea . Zurita records that “doña Leonor de Arborea muger de Branca de Oria” had “otra hermana...doña Beatriz de Arborea que casó con Aymerico Vizconde de Narbona”, who would succeed if her sister’s son died childless[854]. Père Anselme records that, after the death of her sister’s son in [1407], Beatrice’s grandson Guillaume [II] Vicomte de Narbonne succeeded as Judge of Arborea, but returned to France after he was defeated by Martin de Aragón King of Sicily 31 Jul 1409 and 17 Aug 1410[855]. m ([1364]) as his third wife, AIMERY [VI] Vicomte de Narbonne, son of AMAURY [V] Vicomte de Narbonne & his first wife Catherine de Poitiers-Valentinois (-1382, bur Fontfroide).

c) GIOVANNI di Arborea . Zurita records that in 1332 “Mariano y Juan de Arborea hijos del Juez de Arborea” arrived at “la Corte del Rey”[856]. The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “Petro donnicello Arboree nostro...primogenito et heredi universali...Nicolao et Francisco...nostris...filiis...Mariano de Arborea [...dominus Gotziani]...filio nostro...Iohanni de Arborea...filio nostro dominoque Montis acuti...Maria de Arborea nostra filia...ventrem pregnantem...uxoris nostre...Bonaventuram de Arborea...filiam nostram”[857]. Zurita records in 1338 “Juan de Arborea” as “Señor de Montagudo”[858]. Zurita records a dispute in 1347 between “el Juez de Arborea” and “Juan de Arborea su hermano Señor de la ciudad de Bosa y de Montagudo” concerning “el derecho...en el Juzgado y Señorio de Arborea...y de Nicolas de Arborea su hermano que le avia hecho cession del suyo”[859]. Zurita records that “Mariano Juez de Arborea” imprisoned “Juan de Arborea su hermano y a Pedro de Arborea su sobrino, hijo de Juan de Arborea” for many years[860]. m SIBILA de Montcada, daughter of ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by Zurita who records that “Juan de Arborea y...doña Sibila de Moncada” had “una hija...doña Benedita de Arborea que casó con don Juan Carroz”[861]. Giovanni & his wife had children:

i) PIETRO di Arborea . Zurita records that “Mariano Juez de Arborea” imprisoned “Juan de Arborea su hermano y a Pedro de Arborea su sobrino, hijo de Juan de Arborea” for many years[862].

ii) BENEDETTA di Arborea . Zurita records that “Juan de Arborea y...doña Sibila de Moncada” had “una hija...doña Benedita de Arborea que casó con don Juan Carroz” to whom the king granted “la ciudad de Bosa que fue de su padre”[863]. m JUAN Carroz, son of ---.

d) NICOLÒ di Arborea . The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “Petro donnicello Arboree nostro...primogenito et heredi universali...Nicolao et Francisco...nostris...filiis... Mariano de Arborea [...dominus Gotziani]...filio nostro...Iohanni de Arborea...filio nostro dominoque Montis acuti...Maria de Arborea nostra filia...ventrem pregnantem...uxoris nostre...Bonaventuram de Arborea...filiam nostram”[864]. Zurita records a dispute in 1347 between “el Juez de Arborea” and “Juan de Arborea su hermano Señor de la ciudad de Bosa y de Montagudo” concerning “el derecho...en el Juzgado y Señorio de Arborea...y de Nicolas de Arborea su hermano que le avia hecho cession del suyo”[865].

e) FRANCISCO di Arborea (-after 4 Apr 1336). The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “Petro donnicello Arboree nostro...primogenito et heredi universali...Nicolao et Francisco...nostris...filiis...Mariano de Arborea [...dominus Gotziani]...filio nostro...Iohanni de Arborea...filio nostro dominoque Montis acuti...Maria de Arborea nostra filia...ventrem pregnantem...uxoris nostre...Bonaventuram de Arborea...filiam nostram”[866].

f) BONAVENTURA di Arborea (-[1375/78]). Zurita records the marriage contract agreed 1328 between “don Pedro de Exerica” and “doña Buenauentura de Arborea...hija mayor del Iuez de Arborea”[867]. Zurita records the marriage contract agreed in 1329 between “el Juez de Arborea...doña Buenaventura de Arborea su hija mayor” and “don Guillen de Cardona hijo [de] don Ramon”, which did not proceed[868]. Presumably this second betrothal was terminated soon afterwards as Bonaventura later married the person to whom she had been betrothed earlier. The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “Petro donnicello Arboree nostro...primogenito et heredi universali...Nicolao et Francisco...nostris...filiis...Mariano de Arborea [...dominus Gotziani]...filio nostro...Iohanni de Arborea...filio nostro dominoque Montis acuti...Maria de Arborea nostra filia...ventrem pregnantem...uxoris nostre...Bonaventuram de Arborea...filiam nostram”[869]. Betrothed (1329) to GUILLEM de Cardona, son of RAMON de Cardona Governor of Sardinia & his wife Beatriz de Aragon. m (contract 1328, 1331) PEDRO de Ejérica, son of JAIME [II] de Aragón Barón de Ejérica & his wife Beatriz de Lauria Señora de Cocentaina ([1302]-1362).

g) daughter . Zurita records the marriage contract agreed 1328 between “una hija del Juez de Arborea” and “don Lope de Luna hijo de don Artal de Luna”, which did not proceed[870]. This daughter presumably died soon after her betrothal as she is not named in her father’s 4 Apr 1336 testament. Betrothed (1328) to LOPE de Luna, son of ARTAL [II] de Luna & his second wife Martina Duerte (-Pedrola 19 Jun 1360).

h) MARIA di Arborea . The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “Petro donnicello Arboree nostro...primogenito et heredi universali...Nicolao et Francisco...nostris...filiis...Mariano de Arborea [...dominus Gotziani]...filio nostro...Iohanni de Arborea...filio nostro dominoque Montis acuti...Maria de Arborea nostra filia...ventrem pregnantem...uxoris nostre...Bonaventuram de Arborea...filiam nostram”[871]. Zurita records the marriage contract in 1341 between “doña Maria de Arborea hermana de Pedro de Arborea Vizconde de Bas y Juez de Arborea” and “don Artal de Foces Señor del honor de Cabrera”, which did not proceed, and her subsequent marriage to “don Guillen Galceran de Cabrera y de Rocaberti que sucedió a don Artal en el honor de Cabrera”[872]. Betrothed (1341) to ARTAL de Foces, son of ---. m GUILLEM GALCERÁN de Cabrera y Rocabertí, son of ---.

Ugone had three illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

i) LORENZO . The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...Laurentio de Arborea nostro filio naturali...Angiulese et Preciose filiabus nostris naturalibus...in villa nostra de Mogoro...”[873].

j) ANGIULESA . The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...Laurentio de Arborea nostro filio naturali...Angiulese et Preciose filiabus nostris naturalibus...in villa nostra de Mogoro...”[874].

k) PREZIOSA . The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...Laurentio de Arborea nostro filio naturali...Angiulese et Preciose filiabus nostris naturalibus...in villa nostra de Mogoro...”[875].

2. SARDEGNA (-before 4 Apr 1336). The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...domino Raynerio Bonifacii de Gualandis...nepoti nostro filio quondam domine Sardigne olim...sororis nostre...in villa Orbana...Mariano et Johanni Satio...nepotibus nostris et filiis olim domini Francisci Satii et quondam domine Sardinie...sororis nostre villam...de Simugleo...”[876]. m firstly FRANCESCO Zaccio, son of ---. m secondly BONIFAZIO di Gualandi, son of ---.

3. ADALASIA (-after 4 Apr 1336). The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...filios Adalasie sororis nostre...”[877]. The document does not name Adalasia’s husband. m ---.

4. GUGLIELMO (-after 4 Apr 1336). The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...Guillermum germanum nostrum et heres Gonnarii quondam fratris nostri...”[878].

5. GONARIO (-before 4 Apr 1336). The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...Guillermum germanum nostrum et heres Gonnarii quondam fratris nostri...”[879]. The document does not name the “heres” of Gonario, presumably a child. m ---.

6. [son] (-before 4 Apr 1336). The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...Marianus de Serra...nepos noster...Mariano de Serra Ugueti...nepoti nostro...” [presumably referring to two different persons][880]. One child:

a) MARIANO di Serra . The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...Marianus de Serra...nepos noster...Mariano de Serra Ugueti...nepoti nostro...”[881].

7. daughter . The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...Mariano de Amirai...nepoti nostro...”[882].

8. [UGUETTO?] (-before 4 Apr 1336). The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...Marianus de Serra...nepos noster...Mariano de Serra Ugueti...nepoti nostro...” [presumably referring to two different persons][883]. One child:

9. daughter . The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...Iohanni Villano quondam domini Iacobi Villani et Henrico Villano quondam item Henrici...nepotibus nostri...”[885]. m GIACOPO Villano, son of ---.

10. daughter . The testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, named “...Iohanni Villano quondam domini Iacobi Villani et Henrico Villano quondam item Henrici...nepotibus nostri...”[886]. m ENRICO de Villano, son of ---.

In addition to the above, the testament of “Ugo Vicecomes de Basso...Iudex Arborensis...bone memorie Iudicis Mariani filius”, dated 4 Apr 1336, names more distant relatives: “...Iacobo filio domini Cini de Taculis...consanguineo nostro...ville de Solarussa...filiis et heredibus quondam Michaellis de Taculiis consanguineis nostris...”[887]. Their precise family relationships with the testator have not been confirmed.

D. JUDGES of GALLURA (SARDINIA)

Of the four ruling families in Sardinia, the least information has been found relating to the family of the early judges of Gallura. The information provided by Fara is incomplete and contradicts what primary source data has been identified[888]. The family relationships, if any, between the first four judges of Gallura who are named below have not yet been ascertained.

1. CONSTANTINO [I] (-after 14 Oct 1073). Judge of Gallura. Pope Gregory VII wrote to “Mariano Turrensi, Orroco Arborensi, Orroco Caralitano et Constantino Gallurensi iudicibus Sardiniæ” dated 14 Oct 1073[889]. m ---. The name of Constantino’s wife is not known. Constantino & his wife had one child:

a) COMITA (-after 8 May 1117). “Donnu Thocor de Gunale” donated property to S. Maria, Pisa, in the presence of “domna Comita filio iudicis Constantini” and with the consent of “episcopi Villani et omnium fratrum meorum”, by charter dated 8 May 1117[890].

2. TORCHITORIO (-before 14 Mar 1114). Judge of Gallura. m PADULESA di Gunale, daughter of COMITA --- & his wife --- (-after 14 Mar 1114). “Domna Padulesa de Gunale et filia quondam Comita --- et mulier quondam Torchotori de Zori regis Gallurensis” donated property at Laratano to S. Maria, Pisa by charter dated 14 Mar 1113 (O.S.), witnessed by “iudicis Othocor qui tunc temporis iudex erat”[891].

3. OTTOCORRE di Gunale (-after 8 May 1117). Judge of Gallura. “Domna Padulesa de Gunale et filia quondam Comita --- et mulier quondam Torchotori de Zori regis Gallurensis” donated property at Laratano to S. Maria, Pisa by charter dated 14 Mar 1113 (O.S.), witnessed by “iudicis Othocor qui tunc temporis iudex erat”[892]. “Domnus Orthoccor Gallurensis rex” confirmed donations made to S. Maria, Pisa by “donna Padulese olim regina” by charter dated to [1114/15][893]. “Judex Ithocor de Galluri” donated an annual payment of gold to S. Maria, Pisa, with the support of “mulier judicis et filii”, by charter dated to [1115/16][894]. “Donnu Thocor de Gunale” donated property to S. Maria, Pisa, in the presence of “domna Comita filio iudicis Constantini” and with the consent of “episcopi Villani et omnium fratrum meorum”, by charter dated 8 May 1117[895].

1. CONSTANTINO [II] (-before 1173). Judge of Gallura. “Judice Barusone de Serra potestate de logu de Arborea” donated property to the church of S. Maria di Bonarcado by undated charter, witnessed by “judice Constantine de Plominos, judice Gunnari de Jugadore, judice Constantine Gallulesa connatu meu”[896]. “Iudike Gostantine de Laccon rex Kitefatho” donated property to the churches of S. Felice di Vada, S. Giovanni di Sollili and S. Maria di Gulto in Pisa, with the consent of “muire mea donna Elene de Laccon regina”, by undated charter, maybe dated to [1160][897]. A charter dated 1173 records that “Iudike Gosantine de Laccon rex” donated property to the monastery of S. Felice di Vada, with the consent of “muire mea donna Elene de Laccon regina”, and that “iudike Barusone de Gallul” confirmed this donation made by “patre meu iudike Gosantine”[898]. m ELENA di Lacon, daughter of ---. “Iudike Gostantine de Laccon rex Kitefatho” donated property to the churches of S. Felice di Vada, S. Giovanni di Sollili and S. Maria di Gulto in Pisa, with the consent of “muire mea donna Elene de Laccon regina”, by undated charter, maybe dated to [1160][899]. A charter dated 1173 records that “Iudike Gosantine de Laccon rex” donated property to the monastery of S. Felice di Vada, with the consent of “muire mea donna Elene de Laccon regina”, and that “iudike Barusone de Gallul” confirmed this donation made by “patre meu iudike Gosantine”[900]. Constantino & his wife had one child:

a) BARISONE (-[1190/1200]). Judge of Gallura. A charter dated 1173 records that “Iudike Gosantine de Laccon rex” donated property to the monastery of S. Felice di Vada, with the consent of “muire mea donna Elene de Laccon regina”, and that “iudike Barusone de Gallul” confirmed this donation made by “patre meu iudike Gosantine”[901]. m ELENA, daughter of ---. Tola names Elena as the wife of Barisone Judge of Gallura without specifying the particular primary source on which this information is based[902]. Barisone & his wife had one child:

i) daughter . Tola states that Barisone Judge of Gallura and his wife had one daughter, without specifying the particular primary source on which this information is based, and speculates that she was the same person as “quella principessa di Gallura che Lamberto Visconti nel 1203 o 1205 si tolse per moglie”[903]. same person as...? --- . The podestà and people of Pisa complained to Pope Innocent III that “Lamberto civi Pisiano” had occupied “iudicatum Gallurense” without papal authorisation and married “dominam Gallurensem” to the detriment of “Transmundus domini Papæ consobrinus” by charter dated 10 Sep 1207[904]. m (before 10 Sep 1207) as his first wife, LAMBERTO Visconti, son of ELDIZIO Visconti consul of Pisa & his wife --- di Cagliari (-[1223/26]).

The following family belonged to the Visconti family of Pisa, unrelated it appears to the Visconti family of Milan. Two brothers, sons of Eldizio Visconti consul of Pisa & his wife ---:

1. UBALDO Visconti (-1230). Governor of Cagliari. m CONSTANZA di Capraria, daughter of ---. Ubaldo & his wife had [three] children:

a) GIOVANNI Visconti (-1275). He succeeded his cousin in 1238 as Judge of Gallura. Judge of Cagliari (part). After the death of Judge Giovanni di Massa “Chiano”, Cagliari was occupied by Pisans and divided into three parts: a charter dated 26 Jul 1257 records a peace agreement between the Pisans and Genoese “cum dominus Guillelmus comes Caprariæ et iudex Arboriæ et tertiæ partis regni Callaratani et generalis vicarius Pisanorum in Sardenia...et dominus Iohannes vicecomes iudex Gallurii et tertiæ partis regni Kallaritani...et Gerardus comes et Ugolinus Guelfus comes iudices tertiæ partis dicti regni Kalleritani”[905]. m --- Gherardesca, daughter of UGOLINO Gherardesca Conte di Donoratico & his wife ---. Tola names Ugolino as the son of “Giovanni o Chiano fratello di Federigo Visconti arcivescovo di Pisa e da una figliuola del celebre conte Ugolino della Gherardesca”, without specifying the particular primary source on which this information is based[906]. Giovanni & his wife had one child:

i) UGOLINO Visconti (-Lucca 2 or 9 Jan 1298). Tola names Ugolino as the son of “Giovanni o Chiano fratello di Federigo Visconti arcivescovo di Pisa e da una figliuola del celebre conte Ugolino della Gherardesca”, without specifying the particular primary source on which this information is based[907]. Judge of Gallura (part): Zurita records that, after the defeat of “el Conde Bonifacio con muchos nobles de Pisa” by the Genoese, dated to the same year as the death of “el Rey don Pedro” [Pedro III King of Aragon, died 1285], Pisa was saved through the prudence of “Conde Ugolino Gerardisco...muy principal ciudadano de aquella señoria” who led one of the groups in Gallura (the others led by “Nino Juez de Gallura...de la casa y familia de los Vicecomites” and “Arçobispo Roger de Ubaldino”)[908]. “Comes Ugolinus de Donoratico et sexte parte regni Kallari dominus et Ugolinus vicecomes iudex de Gallura et tertie partis regni Kallari dominus potestates et capitanei Pisani communis” appointed proxies to negotiate with the commune of Genoa by charter dated 5 Apr 1288[909]. m as her first husband, BEATRICE d'Este, daughter of OBIZZO II Marchese d'Este & his first wife Giacobina Fieschi ([1267]-Milan 1 or 15 Sep 1334). Her parentage and two marriages are confirmed by Zurita who records the proposal that “alguno de los Rocos hombres de [Aragón]” should marry “la hija [...Juana] del Juez que avia sido de Gallura, que estava en poder de Azo Marques de Este, que era su tio, segun Bernardino Corio escrive, hermano de Beatrix muger del Juez de Gallura, que despues casó con Galeaço hijo de Matheo...de la casa de los Vicecomites”[910]. She married secondly (Modena 24 Jun 1300) Galeazzo [I] Visconti Lord of Milan. The Annales Veteres Mutinensium record the marriage "in Prato Entesini, Burgi Bajovariæ Mutinæ" in 1300 of "Azzo Estensis Marchio…dominam Beatricem sororem suam, uxorem olim Judicis de Gallura" and "domino Galeacio filio domini Massei de Vicecomitibus domini Mediolani"[911]. Ugolino & his wife had one child:

(a) GIOVANNA Visconti . Gualvaneo de la Flamma records that "Azum Vicecomitem" had "ex sola matre…sororem Johannam…comitissam Galluræ…tertia pars insulæ Sardiniæ" who appointed her uterine half-brother as her heir[912]. Zurita records that Jaime II King of Aragon received “Francisco y Conradino y Marcello Marques de Malaspina que...tenian estados en la isla de Cerdeña y Branca de Oria y Bernabe su hijo...Genoueses” to discuss the situation in Sardinia, proposing that Bernabo should marry “la hija de Ugolino Juez de Gallura...Juana...señora de la tercera parte del reyno Calaritano”[913]. In another passage, Zurita discusses another proposal that “alguno de los Rocos hombres de [Aragón]” should marry “la hija [...Juana] del Juez que avia sido de Gallura, que estava en poder de Azo Marques de Este, que era su tio, segun Bernardino Corio escrive, hermano de Beatrix muger del Juez de Gallura, que despues casó con Galeaço hijo de Matheo...de la casa de los Vicecomites”[914].

b) FEDERIGO Visconti ([1200]-Oct 1277). Archbishop of Pisa 1254.

c) [DIANA Visconti (-after 1237). “Petrus de Lacono judice de Arborea et Visconte de Bassu” donated property to the church of S. Martino di Oristano, with the consent of “donna Diana uxore mia regina de Arborea”, by charter dated 18 Jan 1228[915]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. “Petrus...vicecomes de Bassu et rege et judicis de Arborea” donated property to the church of S. Maria di Bonarcado, with the consent of “domina Diana viscontissa mugere mea”, by charter dated 1230[916]. “Petrus de Laccono judice de Arborea et visconde de Basso” confirmed the donation made to S. Maria di Bonarcado by “donnu Ugo de Basso padre meu et donna Preciosa de Laccono mamma mea”, with the consent of “donna Diana mugere mea donna de Arborea”, by undated charter, probably dated to 1237[917]. m (before 18 Jan 1228) PIETRO [II] di Basso Judge of Arborea, son of UGO PONCE de Bas Judge of Arborea & his wife Preziosa di Massa (-1238).]

2. LAMBERTO Visconti (-[1223/26]). Judge of Gallura. The podestà and people of Pisa complained to Pope Innocent III that “Lamberto civi Pisiano” had occupied “iudicatum Gallurense” without papal authorisation and married “dominam Gallurensem” to the detriment of “Transmundus domini Papæ consobrinus” by charter dated 10 Sep 1207[918]. [“Jugi Trogodori de Unali cum donna Benedicta de Lacon muliere mia” confirmed the donation made to the church of S. Giorgio di Suelli by “juigi Pedru” for his soul and those of “filias suas”, by charter dated 30 Sep 1215[919]. It is assumed that this charter refers to Lamberto Visconti, who appears to have been referred by the same alternative name “Trogodori” in the source which follows. If this is correct, it is assumed that the document is misdated as it appears that Lamberto’s second wife’s first husband was still alive at that date. “Torgodori...potestando parti de Calari” granted property to “fillu miu Salusi de Laccon” for his marriage to “Dna Adalasia” by charter dated 20 Jul 1219[920]. The name of the bride suggests that this charter refers to the marriage of Ubaldo Visconti, although the references to the names “Torgodori” and “Salusi” have not been explained, unless they were alternative appellations of Lamberto and his son.] m firstly (before 10 Sep 1207) --- di Gallura, daughter of [BARISONE Judge of Gallura & his wife Elena ---]. Tola states that Barisone Judge of Gallura and his wife had one daughter, without specifying the particular primary source on which this information is based, and speculates that she was the same person as “quella principessa di Gallura che Lamberto Visconti nel 1203 o 1205 si tolse per moglie”[921]. The podestà and people of Pisa complained to Pope Innocent III that “Lamberto civi Pisiano” had occupied “iudicatum Gallurense” without papal authorisation and married “dominam Gallurensem” to the detriment of “Transmundus domini Papæ consobrinus” by charter dated 10 Sep 1207[922]. m secondly (9 Apr 1220, annulled by the Papacy) as her second husband, BENEDETTA di Massa Judge of Cagliari, widow of BARISONE di Arborea, daughter of GUGLIELMO di Massa Judge of Cagliari & his first wife Adelasia Malaspina ([1194]-Massa [1232/33]). She married thirdly Enrico di Ceola, and fourthly Conte Rinaldo Gualandi. The primary sources which confirm her second, third and fourth marriages have not yet been identified. Lamberto & his first wife had one child:

a) UBALDO Visconti (-1238). [“Torgodori...potestando parti de Calari” granted property to “fillu miu Salusi de Laccon” for his marriage to “Dna Adalasia” by charter dated 20 Jul 1219[923]. The name of the bride suggests that this charter refers to the marriage of Ubaldo Visconti, although the references to the names “Torgodori” and “Salusi” have not been explained, unless they were alternative appellations of Lamberto and his son.] Judge of Gallura. “Adelasia regina Turritana et Gallurensis” confirmed allegiance to the Pope for “terram iudicatus Turritani”, with the consent of “Hubaldo viro suo iudice Gallurensi et Turritano”, by charter dated 3 Mar 1236[924]. "Dominus Hubaldus Judex Gallurensis et Turritanus" confirmed the donation of "totam terram judicatus Turritani" to Pope Gregory IX made by "Domina Adelasia uxore sua", by charter dated Mar 1236[925]. A charter dated 7 Nov 1237 records a peace agreement on behalf of “domino comite Raynerio domino Bulgaro pro se et filiis et nepotibus suis...comitibus Guelfo de Donoratico et...viro domino Petro Iud. Arboriæ et...nobilibus viris Ugolino Vic. quond. Gottifredi, et Gottifredo eius nepotes, et Guglielmo Vic. quondam Gisberti Vic...domino Hubaldo Vic. Iud. Gall. et Turr” and the Pisan community[926]. m ([20 Jul 1219]) as her first husband, ADELASIA di Torres, daughter of MARIANO [II] Judge of Torres & his wife Agnese di Massa (-1255). “Torgodori...potestando parti de Calari” granted property to “fillu miu Salusi de Laccon” for his marriage to “Dna Adalasia” by charter dated 20 Jul 1219[927]. Fara names “Agnetem Guillelmi iudicis Caralitani filiam” as the wife of “Marianus III...iudex Turritanus”, and mother of “Barisonem filium, et Benedictam atque Alasiam filias”, adding that “aliam” married “Baldo iudici Gallurensi” and secondly “Henrico Friderici II imperatoris naturali filio, Encio vulgo appellato” on the advice of “Emmanuele, Friderico, et Prinicipale Auriæ”[928]. "Adelasia Regina Turritana et Gallurensis" donated "totam terram judicatus Turritani" to Pope Gregory IX by charter dated Mar 1236[929]. The Papal Legate granted "terram judicatus Turritani" to "dominæ Adelasiæ uxori domini Hubaldi judicis Gallurensis" by charter dated Apr 1237[930]. “Domina Adelasia Regina Turritana et Gallurensis et dominus Hubaldus vir eius Gallurensis Iudex et Turritanus” ceded “castrum...Monte Acutum” to the papacy by charter dated 14 Apr 1237[931]. “Domina Adelasia Regina Turritana et Gallurensis” confirmed the papacy’s dominance over “terra iudicatus Turritani” by charter dated 3 May 1237[932]. She married secondly as his first wife, Enzio, illegitimate son of Emperor Friedrich II, who succeeded as Judge of Torres, by right of his wife.

1. BONIFAZIO (-after 1285). Conde de Donoratico. Judge of Gallura. Zurita names “el Iuez de Gallura Bonifacio, y Rayner Condes de Donoratico, el Conde Anselmo, y el juez de Arborea...Señores de la Islas de Cerdeña y Corcega y de la Elba”, recording that “el Conde Bonifacio con muchos nobles de Pisa” were defeated by the Genoese, dated to the same year as the death of “el Rey don Pedro” [Pedro III King of Aragon, died 1285][933].

2. UGOLINO Gherardesca, son of GUELFO Gherardesca & his wife Elena [di Sardinia] (-[5 Apr 1288/15 Jul 1292]). Judge of Gallura (part): Zurita records that, after the defeat of “el Conde Bonifacio con muchos nobles de Pisa” by the Genoese, dated to the same year as the death of “el Rey don Pedro” [Pedro III King of Aragon, died 1285], Pisa was saved through the prudence of “Conde Ugolino Gerardisco...muy principal ciudadano de aquella señoria” who led one of the groups in Gallura (the others led by “Nino Juez de Gallura...de la casa y familia de los Vicecomites” and “Arçobispo Roger de Ubaldino”)[934].

E. JUDGES of TORRES (SARDINIA)

1. BARISONE [I] (-[1064/14 Oct 1073]). Fara records that Leo Cardinal of Ostia installed “duos reges Sardiniæ...Barisonem et Torquitorium...unum Logudorii, alterum Caralis regem” during the reign of Pope Alexander II in [1060][935]. “Domino Barasone et nepote eius donno Marianus in renno quo dicitur Ore...donnicelo Mariane et donnicelo Petru et donnicelo Comita” donated property to the monastery of S. Benedetto di Monte Cassino by charter dated 1064[936]. m ---. The name of Barisone’s wife is not known. Barisone [I] & his wife had one child:

a) MARIANO [I] (-after 14 Oct 1073). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 1147 under which his grandson “Gonnarius...Turritanorum rex et dominus” donated property to Monte Cassino before leaving for Jerusalem, in memory of “atavus meus Baraso rex, Marianus avus noster, Constantinus...genitor noster et Marchusa regina uxor eius...”[937]. “Domino Barasone et nepote eius donno Marianus in renno quo dicitur Ore...donnicelo Mariane et donnicelo Petru et donnicelo Comita” donated property to the monastery of S. Benedetto di Monte Cassino by charter dated 1064[938]. Pope Gregory VII wrote to “Mariano Turrensi, Orroco Arborensi, Orroco Caralitano et Constantino Gallurensi iudicibus Sardiniæ” dated 14 Oct 1073[939]. m ---. The name of Mariano’s wife is not known. Fara records “Susannam Gunale, seu de Zori” as the wife of “Marianus II in iudicatu Turritano”[940]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. Mariano & his wife had one child:

i) CONSTANTINO (-[24 May 1120/6 Mar 1131]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 1147 under which his son “Gonnarius...Turritanorum rex et dominus” donated property to Monte Cassino before leaving for Jerusalem, in memory of “atavus meus Baraso rex, Marianus avus noster, Constantinus...genitor noster et Marchusa regina uxor eius...”[941]. Judge of Torres. “Donnicellu Gunnari de Laccon et muliere mea Elene de Thori et filias meas Vera de Laccon et Susanna de Thori” donated property to Monte Cassino, with the consent of “nostru judice Gostantine de Laccon et...muliere donna Maria de Arrubu”, by charter dated 24 May 1120[942]. m MARCUSA [Maria] di Arrubu, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 1147 under which her son “Gonnarius...Turritanorum rex et dominus” donated property to Monte Cassino before leaving for Jerusalem, in memory of “atavus meus Baraso rex, Marianus avus noster, Constantinus...genitor noster et Marchusa regina uxor eius...”[943]. “Donnicellu Gunnari de Laccon et muliere mea Elene de Thori et filias meas Vera de Laccon et Susanna de Thori” donated property to Monte Cassino, with the consent of “nostru judice Gostantine de Laccon et...muliere donna Maria de Arrubu”, by charter dated 24 May 1120[944]. Constantino & his wife had one child:

(a) GONARIO [II] (-after 1153). Judge of Torres. “Judice Gonnari de...Turri filius quondam Constantini item judicis” donated property to S. Maria, Pisa by charter dated 6 Mar 1131[945].

- see below.

GONARIO [II], son of CONSTANTINO Judge of Torres & his wife Marcusa [Maria] di Arrubu (-after 1153). Judge of Torres. “Judice Gonnari de...Turri filius quondam Constantini item judicis” donated property to S. Maria, Pisa by charter dated 6 Mar 1131[946]. “Gonnarius...Turritanorum rex et dominus” donated property to Monte Cassino before leaving for Jerusalem, in memory of “atavus meus Baraso rex, Marianus avus noster, Constantinus...genitor noster et Marchusa regina uxor eius, et consanguinei nostri cum filiis et filiabus, et Comita cum uxore sua Muscundola et Marianus cum uxore sua Iusta, Pera filia Gonnarii, Constantinus de Carvia cum uxore sua Iorgia, Foratus de Gentile cum uxore sua Susanna”, by charter dated 24 Jun 1147[947]. “Judice Barusone de Serra potestate de logu de Arborea” donated property to the church of S. Maria di Bonarcado by undated charter, witnessed by “judice Constantine de Plominos, judice Gunnari de Jugadore, judice Constantine Gallulesa connatu meu”[948]. “Judike Gunnari de Laccon” donated property to Monte Cassino, with the consent of “fiju meu Barasone rege et de sa mujere Pretiosa de Orrubu regina”, by charter dated 1153[949].

m ---. The name of Gonario’s wife is not known. Fara records “Mariam Elicandi, nobilis Pisani filiam” as the wife of “Genuarius II”[950]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.

Gonario [II] & his wife had [four] children:

1. BARISONE [II] (-after 1191). “Judike Gunnari de Laccon” donated property to Monte Cassino, with the consent of “fiju meu Barasone rege et de sa mujere Pretiosa de Orrubu regina”, by charter dated 1153[951]. Judge of Torres. “Baruson iudex de Arborea” made peace with “Barusone iudice Turritano”, including arrangements for property held by the latter “tempore Gunnarii quondam iudicis”, by charter dated 1168[952]. The archbishop of Torres returned property to the monastery of Nurki, with the consent of “iudice Parasone de Laceon e d’essa mujere donna Pretiosa de Orrubi regina e d’essu fiju donnu Gostantine rege”, by charter dated 1170[953]. “Barason...Turritanorum gubernator et rex...cum domina Pretiosa regina uxore mea et Gonstantino iudice filio nostro” founded a leprosarium at Bosue by charter dated 28 May 1178[954]. He abdicated after the death of his wife[955]. m PREZIOSA di Orrubu, daughter of ---(-[1186]). “Judike Gunnari de Laccon” donated property to Monte Cassino, with the consent of “fiju meu Barasone rege et de sa mujere Pretiosa de Orrubu regina”, by charter dated 1153[956]. The archbishop of Torres returned property to the monastery of Nurki, with the consent of “iudice Parasone de Laceon e d’essa mujere donna Pretiosa de Orrubi regina e d’essu fiju donnu Gostantine rege”, by charter dated 1170[957]. “Barason...Turritanorum gubernator et rex...cum domina Pretiosa regina uxore mea et Gonstantino iudice filio nostro” founded a leprosarium at Bosue by charter dated 28 May 1178[958]. Barisone [II] & his wife had [two] children:

a) COSTANTINO (-after 10 Jun 1191). The archbishop of Torres returned property to the monastery of Nurki, with the consent of “iudice Parasone de Laceon e d’essa mujere donna Pretiosa de Orrubi regina e d’essu fiju donnu Gostantine rege”, by charter dated 1170[959]. “Barason...Turritanorum gubernator et rex...cum domina Pretiosa regina uxore mea et Gonstantino iudice filio nostro” founded a leprosarium at Bosue by charter dated 28 May 1178[960]. Judge of Torres. “Constantinus...Turritanus iudex filius quondam Baresoni iudicis Turritani” agreed a convention with the commune of Genoa by charter dated 10 Jun 1191, witnessed by “...Orzocor de Lacon filio quondam Barasonis rex et iudex Arborensis Curator de Barberia Dagusti...”[961]. m ---. The name of Costantino’s wife is not known. Fara names “ex Cathalonia prius Drudam, mox ea mortua, Prunisindam” as the two wives of “Constantinus II, vulgo Gantinus de Lacon dictus, Barisonis filius”[962]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.

b) [SUSANNA di Lacon . Fara names “Susannam” as the daughter of “Barison de Lacon”, records her marriage to “Andreæ Auriæ nobili Genuensi”, names their child “Danielem”, and adds that “a quo postea Barison, Gavinus, Nicolaus et Petrinus Auriæ domini regionis Nurræ processerunt”[963]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. A close connection between the Doria and Torres families is probable to explain the inheritance by Babilano, Manuele, Niccolo, Barisone, Petrino and Gavino Doria of parts of the rights in the judgeship of Torres. m ANDREA Doria, son of ---.]

2. [PIETRO (-[1193]). Fara names “Petro” as the second son of “Genuarius II Lacon, vulgo Gunari de Lacon appellatus”, adding that his father granted him “regionem de Nucari” and recording in a later passage that he succeeded as judge of Cagliari[964]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. “Baruson iudex Arborensis” made peace with “Petro iudice Karalitano”, including arrangements for property held by the latter “tempore Costantini quondam iudicis”, by charter dated Dec 1169[965]. m [--- di Cagliari, daughter of COSTANTINO [Salusio] [II] Judge of Cagliari & his wife --- (-1163)]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. It is not known whether the information is speculative, designed to explain the succession of her supposed husband to the judgeship of Cagliari.]

3. [ITOCORRE . Fara names “Itocaro” as the third son of “Genuarius II Lacon, vulgo Gunari de Lacon appellatus”, adding that his father granted him “regionem Frigiæ”[966]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.]

4. COMITA (-1218). Fara names “Comita” as the fourth son of “Genuarius II Lacon, vulgo Gunari de Lacon appellatus”, adding that his father granted him “regiones Ogani et Anglobis”[967]. Judge of Torres. “Comita...iudex Turritanus et Maringnanus pater et filius...et ceteros filios nostros” agreed a convention with the commune of Genoa by undated charter, maybe dated to 1191[968]. “Maria de Thori” confirmed a donation to S. Salvatore di Camaldoli, with the consent of “donnu meu iudike Comita de Laccon et dessa mujere donna Agnesa regina et dessu fiju donnu Marine rege”, by charter dated 1 Jul 1210, which also records the separate consent by “Judike Comita de Laccon” of the donation made by “domna Maria de Thori thia mea” naming her husband “donnu Petru de Maroniu”[969]. "Comita judex Turritanus" donated property to "Girardo" in the name of "nepotum meorum…Manfredo et Agnete filiis quondam Bonifacii filii Manfredi marchionis de Saluciis et filie mee Maria" by charter dated 22 Jan 1215[970]. A charter dated 1216 records a convention between the commune of Genoa and “Comita...Iudex Turritanus et Marignanus pater et filius”[971]. m firstly as her second husband, SINISPELLA, widow of UC PONCE de Cevera Vizconde de Bas, daughter of BARISONE Judge of Arborea King of Sardinia & his first wife Pellegrina de Lacon. Fara names “Spellam Arboreensem” as the wife of “Comita II, Barisonis quartus filius”, and mother of “Marianum filium, filiasque Mariam et Pretiosam”[972]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. m secondly AGNESE di Saluzzo, daughter of MANFREDO II Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Alasia di Monferrato (-after 31 Mar 1223). “Maria de Thori” confirmed a donation to S. Salvatore di Camaldoli, with the consent of “donnu meu iudike Comita de Laccon et dessa mujere donna Agnesa regina et dessu fiju donnu Marine rege”, by charter dated 1 Jul 1210[973]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Comita & his first wife had [three] children:

a) MARIANO [II] (-1233). “Comita...iudex Turritanus et Maringnanus pater et filius...et ceteros filios nostros” agreed a convention with the commune of Genoa by undated charter, maybe dated to 1191[974]. “Maria de Thori” confirmed a donation to S. Salvatore di Camaldoli, with the consent of “donnu meu iudike Comita de Laccon et dessa mujere donna Agnesa regina et dessu fiju donnu Marine rege”, by charter dated 1 Jul 1210[975]. A charter dated 1216 records a convention between the commune of Genoa and “Comita...Iudex Turritanus et Marignanus pater et filius”[976]. Judge of Torres. “Marianus...iudex Turritanus et Arborensis” committed to respect agreements with the commune of Genoa by charter dated 7 Sep 1224[977]. m as her first husband, AGNESE di Massa-Cagliari, daughter of GUGLIELMO di Massa Judge of Cagliari & his first wife Adelasia Malaspina (-after 28 Oct 1256). Fara names “Agnetem Guillelmi iudicis Caralitani filiam” as the wife of “Marianus III...iudex Turritanus”, and mother of “Barisonem filium, et Benedictam atque Alasiam filias”[978]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. Mariano & his wife had [three] children:

i) BARISONE [III] ([1220]-killed 1235). Fara names “Agnetem Guillelmi iudicis Caralitani filiam” as the wife of “Marianus III...iudex Turritanus”, and mother of “Barisonem filium, et Benedictam atque Alasiam filias”[979]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. Judge of Torres. “Barexonus...iudex Turritanus et Arborensis” renewed commitments to the commune of Genoa, with the advice of “Arzochi de Serra tutoris sive baiuli nostri”, by charter dated 24 Jan 1233[980]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records in 1235 that “Iudex Sardinie Barasonas Mariani filius puer 15 annorum” was cruelly killed by his men (“a suis crudeliter occisus est”) and that his limbs were cut from his torso and mutilated[981].

ii) [BENEDETTA . Fara names “Agnetem Guillelmi iudicis Caralitani filiam” as the wife of “Marianus III...iudex Turritanus”, and mother of “Barisonem filium, et Benedictam atque Alasiam filias”, adding that “primam” married “comiti Ampuriensi”[982]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.]

iii) ADELASIA (-1255). Fara names “Agnetem Guillelmi iudicis Caralitani filiam” as the wife of “Marianus III...iudex Turritanus”, and mother of “Barisonem filium, et Benedictam atque Alasiam filias”, adding that “aliam” married “Baldo iudici Gallurensi” and secondly “Henrico Friderici II imperatoris naturali filio, Encio vulgo appellato” on the advice of “Emmanuele, Friderico, et Prinicipale Auriæ”[983]. The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum refers to the wife of "Hentius filius Frederici" as "domicellam Sardinie" specifying that she brought "Turris" as her dowry[984]. “Adelasia regina Turritana et Gallurensis” confirmed allegiance to the Pope for “terram iudicatus Turritani”, with the consent of “Hubaldo viro suo iudice Gallurensi et Turritano”, by charter dated 3 Mar 1236[985]. “Domina Adelasia Regina Turritana et Gallurensis et dominus Hubaldus vir eius Gallurensis Iudex et Turritanus” ceded “castrum...Monte Acutum” to the papacy by charter dated 14 Apr 1237[986]. “Domina Adelasia Regina Turritana et Gallurensis” confirmed the papacy’s dominance over “terra iudicatus Turritani” by charter dated 3 May 1237[987]. The Annales Placentini Gibellini records the marriage in Oct 1238 of "Henzium filium suum [=Frederici] naturalem" and "dominam illius insule [=Sardaniam] nomine damixellam"[988]. m firstly UBALDO Visconti Judge of Gallura, son of LAMBERTO Visconti Judge of Gallura & his first wife Elena di Gallura (-1238). m secondly as his first wife, ENZIO, illegitimate son of Emperor FRIEDRICH II & his mistress Adelheid --- ([1215]-in jail Bologna 11 Mar 1272, bur Bologna San Domenico). Judge of Torres, by right of his wife.

b) MARIA (-after 22 Jan 1215). Fara names “Spellam Arboreensem” as the wife of “Comita II, Barisonis quartus filius”, and mother of “Marianum filium, filiasque Mariam et Pretiosam”[989]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence. A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Maria figlola dil Conte di Sardegna" as the wife of "Bonifacio", son of "Manfredo…Marchese…di Salucio"[990]. The marriage contract between "Bonifacium filium Mainfredi marchionis de Saluciis" and "Mariam filiam Comite…Turritane iudicis" is dated 25 Jul 1202[991]. "Comita judex Turritanus" donated property to "Girardo" in the name of "nepotum meorum…Manfredo et Agnete filiis quondam Bonifacii filii Manfredi marchionis de Saluciis et filie mee Maria" by charter dated 22 Jan 1215[992]. m (contract 25 Jul 1202) BONIFAZIO di Saluzzo, son of MANFREDO II Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Alasia di Monferrato (-before 28 Apr 1213).

c) [PREZIOSA . Fara names “Spellam Arboreensem” as the wife of “Comita II, Barisonis quartus filius”, and mother of “Marianum filium, filiasque Mariam et Pretiosam”[993]. This information has not been confirmed by primary source evidence.]

Chapter 6. TOSCANA

A. BIZERNO

1. [UGO] Trainello (-before 2 Jul 1159). m ---. The name of [Ugo]’s wife is not known. [Ugo] & his wife had [two] children:

a) [GUIDO (-after 7 May 1165). "Guidonis et Tedicii comitum qd. Ugolini comitis" are named as present in a charter dated 7 May 1165 under which the abbot of Santa Maria di Serena donated property to Galgano bishop of Volterra[994].]

b) TEDICO [V] (-after 1171). "Comes Tedicius gd. Trainelli et Donnisia iugalis eius f. qd. Guidonis marchionis" sold "tertiam partem castelli de Strido et…in Felagrano, Petramanita, Terenthano, Valiano" to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 2 Jul 1159 at Biserno, signed by "Comitis Gerardi…Lampretti vicecomitis qd. Truffi…"[995]. [Conte di Montalcino. "Comes Pannokia et Aldigarda uxor et Pannikino, Rainerius, Ugerius f. et Contessa uxor Rainerii" renounced their claim to "tertia parte medietatis castri Gerfalci" in favour of Galgano bishop of Volterra by charter dated 19 May 1163, in the presence of "…Tedici comitis de Montalcino, Guidonis qd. Ranucci Ardengi…"[996]. "Guidonis et Tedicii comitum qd. Ugolini comitis" are named as present in a charter dated 7 May 1165 under which the abbot of Santa Maria di Serena donated property to Galgano bishop of Volterra[997].] The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "comes Ildebrandinus miles signifier et capitaneus…[et] comes Albertus de Prata…comes Gerardus…et Rainerius comes et Ugo comes et comes Tedicius de Bizerno, et Uguicio et Tegrimus comites de Cornino" supported the Pisans in their war against Lucca in 1171[998]. m DIONISIA, daughter of GUIDO Marchese & his wife --- (-after 2 Jul 1159). "Comes Tedicius gd. Trainelli et Donnisia iugalis eius f. qd. Guidonis marchionis" sold "tertiam partem castelli de Strido et…in Felagrano, Petramanita, Terenthano, Valiano" to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 2 Jul 1159 at Biserno, signed by "Comitis Gerardi…Lampretti vicecomitis qd. Truffi…"[999].

2. INGERAMO (-after 8 Feb 1297). Conte di Bizerno. "Ingherramus comes de Biserno capitaneus tallie societatis Tuscie generalis" appointed "Guidonem de Monteforti virum suum" acknowledged a debt by charter dated 8 Feb 1297[1000].

B. COMINO

1. UGUICIO (-after 1171). The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "comes Ildebrandinus miles signifier et capitaneus…[et] comes Albertus de Prata…comes Gerardus…et Rainerius comes et Ugo comes et comes Tedicius de Bizerno, et Uguicio et Tegrimus comites de Cornino" supported the Pisans in their war against Lucca in 1171[1001].

2. TEGRIMO (-after 1171). The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "comes Ildebrandinus miles signifier et capitaneus…[et] comes Albertus de Prata…comes Gerardus…et Rainerius comes et Ugo comes et comes Tedicius de Bizerno, et Uguicio et Tegrimus comites de Cornino" supported the Pisans in their war against Lucca in 1171[1002].

C. FLORENCE (GUIDI)

Consuls were elected in Florence to head the commune from the mid-12th century[1003].

1. --- . m IMIGLIA, daughter of ---. The Sanzanomis Gesta Florentinorum names "comitissa Imigla mater comitis Guidonis", dated to after 1135 from the context[1004]. One child:

a) GUIDO Guerra (-after [1150]). The Sanzanomis Gesta Florentinorum records that "Gottofredus episcopus Florentinus patruus comitis Alberti et frater comitis Nontigiuva" was killed in battle by "comitis Guidonis" over their dispute concerning "bonorum olim comitis Ardovini", dated to after 1135 from the context[1005].

1. GUIDO . Conte. m ---. Guido & his wife had one child:

a) GUIDO Guerra (-after 1099). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The son of one of her main supporters in Florence, Matilda Ctss of Tuscany adopted him [20 Jun/Nov] 1099][1006].

1. GUIDO [III] "il Vecchio" (-1213). Conte [di Casentino]. Mentioned as "consobrinus" of Emperor Friedrich in 1164. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "Christianus archiepiscopus…cum Lucensibus, Senensibus…et comitis Guidi" prepared to invade Pisa in 1173 and captured "castrum Vetrignanum…XVII Kal Sep" from "comitis Gerardi"[1007]. Conte [di Firenze]. The Annales Senenses record that the Sienese "cum comite Ildibrandino et Orbetani" fled "usque ad Valcortese et Orgiale" after "Montaltum Berardingum" was captured by "Florentinis et Aretinis, comite Guidone, Lombardis et Romaniolis" "XII Kal Jul" in 1207[1008]. The Historia of Giovanni Villani records the death in 1213 of "il Conte Guido vecchio" adding that he had five sons of whom one died, and that his ancestors were "d’Alamagna grandi Baroni" who came to Italy and to whom Emperor Otto I granted "il contado di Modigliana in Romagna"[1009]. m firstly (before 1164, divorced late 1170s) AGNESE di Monferrato, daughter of GUGLIELMO V "il Vecchio" Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Judith of Austria (-1202). Benvenuto di San Giorgio names "Agnete…moglie di Guido Guerra Conte di Romagna e di Casentino" as one of the daughters of "Guglielmo…e Giulia ovvero Giulita figliuola di Leopoldo Marchese d’Austria" but does not cite the corresponding primary source[1010]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. She became a nun at Santa Maria di Rocca delle Donne after her divorce. "Domina Agnexia filia domini Guilielmi Montisferrati marchionis" renounced her rights in "castro…Podius Bonizosive Martura" in favour of "Rainerio fratri suo et filio suprascripti marchionis" by charter dated 6 May 1178[1011]. m secondly GUALDRADA, daughter of BELLINCIONE Berti de’ Ravignani & his wife ---. The Historia of Giovanni Villani records that "il Conte Guido vecchio" married "la figliola di Messer Bellincione Berti de’ Ravignani…Cavaliere di Firenze…Gualdrada"[1012]. Guido & his second wife had five children:

b) GUGLIELMO . The Historia of Giovanni Villani names "Guilielmo…" as the oldest son of "il Conte Guido vecchio" and his wife[1013]. m ---. Guglielmo & his wife had one child:

i) GUIDO "Novello" (-after 1260). The Historia of Giovanni Villani names "Guilielmo di cui nacque il conte Guido Novello, e’l Conte Simone" as the oldest son of "il Conte Guido vecchio" and his wife[1014]. Conte [di Firenze]. The Annales Senenses record that the Florentines "cum comite Guido…cum Pratensibus…cum Pistoriensibus…" attacked Siena "XIII Kal Oct" in 1229[1015]. The Historia of Giovanni Villani records that "il Conte Guido Novello de’ Conti Guidi" was podestà of Florence in 1260[1016].

ii) SIMONE . The Historia of Giovanni Villani names "Guilielmo di cui nacque il conte Guido Novello, e’l Conte Simone" as the oldest son of "il Conte Guido vecchio" and his wife[1017]. m ---. The name of Simone’s wife is not known. Simone & his wife had one child:

(a) GUIDO da Battifolle (-after 1316). The Historia of Giovanni Villani names "il Conte Guido da Battifolle" as the son of "e’l Conte Simone"[1018]. The Historia of Giovanni Villani records that Robert King of Sicily appointed "il Conte Guido da Battifolle" as his vicar-general in Florence in 1316[1019].

c) RUGGIERI . The Historia of Giovanni Villani names "Rugieri, onde nacque il Conte Guido Guerra" as the second son of "il Conte Guido vecchio" and his wife[1020]. m ---. The name of Rugieri’s wife is not known. Rugieri & his wife had two children:

i) GUIDO Guerra . The Historia of Giovanni Villani names "Rugieri, onde nacque il Conte Guido Guerra, e’l Conte Salvatico" as the second son of "il Conte Guido vecchio" and his wife[1021]. The Historia of Giovanni Villani records that "il Conte Guido Guerra de’ Conti Guidi" led the Florentines in 1255 in a war against Viterbo[1022].

ii) SALVATICO . The Historia of Giovanni Villani names "Rugieri, onde nacque il Conte Guido Guerra, e’l Conte Salvatico" as the second son of "il Conte Guido vecchio" and his wife[1023].

d) GUIDO . The Historia of Giovanni Villani names "Guido da Romena" as the third son of "il Conte Guido vecchio" and his wife[1024].

e) TEGRIMO . The Historia of Giovanni Villani names "Tegrimo" as the fourth son of "il Conte Guido vecchio" and his wife, from whom descended "quelli da Porciano"[1025].

f) son . The Historia of Giovanni Villani records the death in 1213 of "il Conte Guido vecchio" adding that he had five sons of whom one died[1026].

D. SIGNORI di MANTUA (GONZAGA)

The Annales Mantuani record consules of Mantua from 1183 until 1299, each holding office for one or sometimes two years only[1027]. After the early 13th century, the source more commonly refers to office-holders with the title potestas, but it is clear that this refers to the same office. The list includes individuals from Bergamo, Padua, Milan, Bologna, Verona and Cremona, as well as members of the family of the marchesi d’Este and certain bishops. There are few indications that Mantuans were called upon frequently to fill the office. Throughout this period, the Annales Mantuani provide no indication of a local comital family enjoying any position of influence in Mantua, which contrasts with the case of Verona where the conti de San Bonifazio (also referred to in some sources as conti di Verona) are named in both Veronese and Mantuan sources until the 1260s. The Annales Mantuani signal the arrival on the Mantuan scene of the "comitibus de Casalolto" (about whom no other information has yet been found) in 1268, when they are recorded as having expelled "Roffinus de Zanichalis et Gaffari cum sua parte", but they were expelled to Gonzaga in 1272[1028]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Botexella de Bonacossis primogenitus Johannis primogeniti Pinamontis Principis Mantuanorum" expelled "patruis suis Bardono et Taino tunc Dominis Mantuæ" in 1299, with the help of "Domini Alberti I de la Scala de Verona", and acquired "dominium…civitatis Mantuæ" and that in 1328 the Gonzaga brothers killed "Dominum Passarinum de Bonacossis" and took the lordship of the city[1029]. The Gonzaga family is shown in the document NORTHERN ITALY (3).

E. PISA

Between its record of the death of Matilda Ctss of Tuscany (in 1115) and the invasion of Lucca by the Pisans "cum comite Guidone" in 1150, the Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record no counts in Pisa[1030]. The first mention in the same source of consules in Pisa is the record of events in 1156 "in consulatu Cocci"[1031]. The counts remained on the scene in Pisa after the arrival of the consules: the Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record "comitem Guidonem" again in 1159, and "comite Gerardo…comes Guido tunc puer" in 1160[1032]. However, the role of the counts in the government of the town was limited as shown in the same source which records that "Ionatta filius Tolomei de Tusculan" came to Pisa in 1161 and swore allegiance to "Villano archiepiscopo Pisanorum et consulibus", without mentioning the counts[1033].

1. GUIDO (-after Aug 1159). Conte di Pisa. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that the Pisans "cum comite Guidone" destroyed large parts of Lucca in 1150[1034]. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record a ten year peace agreed in mid-1159 between the Pisans "et comitem Guidonem et Senenses et Pistorienses et comitem Albertum de Prata" on the one side and "Lucenses et…Florentinos et Pratenses et capitaneos et Garfagninos" on the other[1035].

2. GERARDO (-after 23 Aug 1175). Conte di Pisa. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that the Pisan consules sent "Pellarium consulem cum comite Gerardo" to support Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" in the siege of Milan "XV Kal Sep" in 1150[1036]. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record the presence of "consules Pisani cum comite Gerardo" at "burgum Sancti Genesii" for the visit "XIII Kal Apr" in 1160 by "Guelfus dux Spoleti marchio Tuscie", adding that "consules Pistorienses et Senenses, et comes Guido tunc puer, et comes Ildebrandinus, et consules Lucenses, Florentini" were also present[1037]. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "comes Ildebrandinus miles signifier et capitaneus…[et] comes Albertus de Prata…comes Gerardus…et Rainerius comes et Ugo comes et comes Tedicius de Bizerno, et Uguicio et Tegrimus comites de Cornino" supported the Pisans in their war against Lucca in 1171[1038]. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "Christianus archiepiscopus…cum Lucensibus, Senensibus…et comitis Guidi" prepared to invade Pisa in 1173 and captured "castrum Vetrignanum…XVII Kal Sep" from "comitis Gerardi"[1039]. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record the peace signed "X Kal Sep" in 1175 by "comes Gerardus et Ugo Rolandi iudex, legati Pisanorum" with Rome[1040].

3. GUIDO (-after 1160). The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record the presence of "consules Pisani cum comite Gerardo" at "burgum Sancti Genesii" for the visit "XIII Kal Apr" in 1160 by "Guelfus dux Spoleti marchio Tuscie", adding that "consules Pistorienses et Senenses, et comes Guido tunc puer, et comes Ildebrandinus, et consules Lucenses, Florentini" were also present, but that a dispute arose between "Lucenses et Florentini…cum comite Guidone" and that "comes Guido tunc puer" was forced to flee to the duke[1041].

4. MARCO (-after 1172). Conte di Pisa. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that the Pisans sent "Albertus quondam Bulsi consul, Burgundius iuris…atque Marcus comes" on a mission to Constantinople in 1172[1042].

F. PRATA

1. ALBERTO (-after 1171). The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record a ten year peace agreed in mid-1159 between the Pisans "et comitem Guidonem et Senenses et Pistorienses et comitem Albertum de Prata" on the one side and "Lucenses et…Florentinos et Pratenses et capitaneos et Garfagninos" on the other[1043]. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "comes Ildebrandinus miles signifier et capitaneus…[et] comes Albertus de Prata…comes Gerardus…et Rainerius comes et Ugo comes et comes Tedicius de Bizerno, et Uguicio et Tegrimus comites de Cornino" supported the Pisans in their war against Lucca in 1171[1044].

G. SIENA

References to counts in Siena, belonging to the Aldobrandeschi family, have been found in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. No further references either to counts or any other governing authority in Siena have been found between 1225 and 1265 when the Annales Senenses record that "domino Inghirano de Gorzano capitaneo Senensem populum gubernante" captured "civitas Grosseti" from "Patiglano et…Sancta Flora comites"[1045]. It is assumed that, as with most other northern Italian cities in the mid-13th century, the government of Siena was transferred to appointed or elected consules or capitanes some time during that period, but the precise date when this happened in Siena has not yet been identified. No further references to the Sienese government are found in the Annales Senenses until 1343 when "dominus Franciscus de Montone" is referred to as "generalis capitaneus guerre civitatis Senensis" when recording that he subjugated the city of Florence[1046]. A statement in a later passage in the same source refers to "communi Senarum" in 1359[1047], which appears to confirm that Siena was a self-governing city by that time. A curious aspect of the history of Siena is that the Annales Senenses continue to refer to "comitatus Senensi" until 1363, although no reference is found to any counts[1048].

1. --- . m DONNISIA, daughter of ---. Two children:

a) ILDEBRANDINO (-after 2 Jan 1159). "Ildibrandinus comes filius comitisse Donnisie" restored property to the monastery of Santo Salvatore by charter dated Nov 1154[1049]. "Aldebrandinus comes de Calmaniare…et…pro Bernardino fratre meo" pledged "castrum Preceni et castrum Ripeceni…posita territorio Urbevetano" to the Papacy by charter dated 2 Jan 1159[1050].

b) BERNARDO . "Aldebrandinus comes de Calmaniare…et…pro Bernardino fratre meo" pledged "castrum Preceni et castrum Ripeceni…posita territorio Urbevetano" to the Papacy by charter dated 2 Jan 1159[1051].

2. --- . m GEMMA, daughter of --- (-after Sep 1161). The Annales Pisani record that "fideles comitis Ildebrandini Novelli, filii quondam Uguiconis de Malagalia" captured Pisan ships in Aug/Sep 1161, that "Coccus consul" prepared for war and threatened "Gema comitissa et comes Ildebrandinus filius eius"[1052]. One child:

a) ILDEBRANDINO [VI] ([1138/45]-). Conte [di Siena]. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record the presence of "consules Pisani cum comite Gerardo" at "burgum Sancti Genesii" for the visit "XIII Kal Apr" in 1160 by "Guelfus dux Spoleti marchio Tuscie", adding that "consules Pistorienses et Senenses, et comes Guido tunc puer, et comes Ildebrandinus, et consules Lucenses, Florentini" were also present[1053]. The Annales Pisani record that "fideles comitis Ildebrandini Novelli, filii quondam Uguiconis de Malagalia" captured Pisan ships in Aug/Sep 1161, that "Coccus consul" prepared for war and threatened "Gema comitissa et comes Ildebrandinus filius eius", that "comes…Ildabrandinus cum episcopo de Massa et episcopo de Soana" went to Pisa on the advice of "matris" and swore allegiance to "Villano archiepiscopo Pisanorum" in order to settle the dispute[1054]. A charter dated 30 Apr 1162 at Siena records an arbitration before "Ildibrandinus, Baroncellus, Bonone, Russus consoles Senenses" concerning a dispute between Galgano bishop of Volterra and "comite Ildebrandino" concerning "castro Gerfalchi", of which one third each were held by the bishop, Ildebrandino and "iure feodi Pannocchie…Rainerii"[1055]. "Ildebrandinus comes…[et] Gualgano ep." renounced their claim against each other to "medietatem castri Gerfalci" by charter dated 31 May 1162 at Montieri[1056]. The Annales Pisani record that "comes Ildebrandinus" swore allegiance to "universe populo Pisano" in May 1163[1057]. This repetition of his allegiance suggests that Ildebrandino had reached the age of majority at that time. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "comes Ildebrandinus miles signifier et capitaneus…[et] comes Albertus de Prata…comes Gerardus…et Rainerius comes et Ugo comes et comes Tedicius de Bizerno, et Uguicio et Tegrimus comites de Cornino" supported the Pisans in their war against Lucca in 1171[1058]. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "comes Ildebrandinus" captured "castrum…Cirisano" with Pisan support in 1173[1059]. The Annales Senenses record that "comes Ildibrandinus" was captured by the Sienese "XVII Kal Sep" in 1175[1060]. m ---. The name of Ildebrando’s wife is not known. Ildebrando & his wife had one child:

i) ILDEBRANDO (-[May 1221/7 Aug 1225]). Conte [di Siena]. The Annales Senenses record that the Sienese "cum comite Ildibrandino et Orbetani" fled "usque ad Valcortese et Orgiale" after "Montaltum Berardingum" was captured by "Florentinis et Aretinis, comite Guidone, Lombardis et Romaniolis" "XII Kal Jul" in 1207[1061]. "Ildebrandus…Comes Palatinus, quondam Comitis Ildebrandi Palatini" issued a charter dated 19 Sep 1213 confirming a grant of property[1062]. Emperor Friedrich II confirmed dispositions made by "Ildebrandus Comes Palatinus de Tuscia" by charter dated May 1221[1063]. m ---. The name of Ildebrando’s wife is not known. Ildebrando & his wife had two children:

(a) GUGLIELMO (-after 8 Jul 1226). "Guilielmo et Bonifatio comitibus palatinus qd. comitis Ildebrandini" confirmed the rights of the people of "castrum de Montegemmoli" by charter dated 8 Jul 1226[1064]. m ---. The name of Guglielmo’s wife is not known. Guglielmo & his wife had two children:

(1) ILDEBRANDINO Rosso (-before 15 Jul 1285). A charter dated 15 Mar 1257 records an agreement between the commun of Volterra and "Ildibrandinum et Umbertum fratres comites f. olim Guillielmi comitis" concerning "castro Montisgemmoli et castro Sillani"[1065]. Conte di Anguillara. m ---. The name of Ildobrandino’s wife is not known. Ildebrandino & his wife had one child:

a. MARGHERITA (-Rome [1313]). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage "Viterbii…die Sancti Laurentii" 10 Aug [1270] of "Guido de Monteforti" and "filiam et hæredem comitis Rubei"[1066]. The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records that “Guidone [de Monteforti]” married “comite Rufo…filiam”[1067]. The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Guido de Monte forti...filius Simonis de Monte forti" married "comite Rubeo...filiam" when recording his father-in-law’s death in Tuscany in 1283[1068]. "Guido comes de Monteforte in Tuscia comes palatinus et vir Margarete nate qd. Ildebrandini Rubei comitis palatini" agreed to arbitration relating to a dispute involving "castri Montisgemoli" by charter dated 15 and 17 Jul 1285[1069]. "Margarita comitissa palatina f. b. m. Ildibrandini comitis dicti Rubei" appointed "Guidonem de Monteforti virum suum" as her proxy in negotiations with "Ildebrandino Novello, Bonifatio, Umberto, Herrigo, Guillielmo, Guidone comitibus palatinis f. qd. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" by charter dated 6 Aug 1286[1070]. m firstly (Viterbo 10 Aug 1270) GUY de Montfort, son of SIMON de Montfort Earl of Leicester & his wife Eleanor of England ([1240/45]-Sicily 1291). m secondly NELLO di Margiante Pannocchieschi, son of ---. m thirdly (1292) ORSELLO Orsini, son of RINALDO Orsini Signore di Monterotondo & his second wife Ocilenda --- (-Oct 1295). Podestà di Orvieto.

(2) UMBERTO (-after 15 Mar 1257). A charter dated 15 Mar 1257 records an agreement between the commun of Volterra and "Ildibrandinum et Umbertum fratres comites f. olim Guillielmi comitis" concerning "castro Montisgemmoli et castro Sillani"[1071].

(b) BONIFAZIO (-after 8 Jul 1226). "Dominus Bonifacius…Comes Palatinus, filius olim Comitis Ildebrandini" swore allegiance to the Pope and to Emperor Friedrich II by charter dated 7 Aug 1225[1072]. "Guilielmo et Bonifatio comitibus palatinus qd. comitis Ildebrandini" confirmed the rights of the people of "castrum de Montegemmoli" by charter dated 8 Jul 1226[1073].

H. VOLTERRA

1. NOTTIGIOVI (-before 3 Sep 1150). m ---. The name of Nottigiovi’s wife is not known. Nottigiovi & his wife had one child:

a) ALBERTO dei’Contalberti (-after 3 Sep 1150). "Albertus comes f. b. m. Nottigiove item comitis" sold property "in Montevaso", given "mihi a Iohanne iudice ordinario et Orrabilis comitissa mater ipsius", with the consent of "Guidone tutore", to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 3 Sep 1150 "in caustro de Ugnano in comitatu Florent.", signed by "Alberti et Orrabilis, Guidone tutoris…"[1074]. m ---. The name of Alberto’s wife is not known. Alberto & his wife had one child:

i) RINALDO di Monterotondo (-after 11 May 1213). Conte di Volterra. A charter dated 28 Feb 1207 records a peace agreement between "Gerardo Curtevechie Pis." and "Rainaldo comite Vult."[1075]. "Rainaldus comes qd. comitis Alberti" agreed with "Gullo qd Faville potestati Vult." to be at peace with the people of Volterra by charter dated 11 May 1213 at Ghizzano[1076]. "Rainaldus comes qd. comitis Alberti" sold "in cassaro et curte de Castelnovo" to "Gullo potestati Vult." by charter dated 11 May 1213 "in castro de Ghegzano" {Ghizzano}[1077]. m GILIA, daughter of ENRICO & his wife --- (-after 26 May 1213). "Gilia uxor comitis Rainaldi et qd. Henrigi" consented to the sale by her husband in the preceding document by charter dated 26 May 1213 "in castro de Ilci in palatio comitis Rainaldi"[1078].

2. GODOFREDO (-killed in battle [1150]). Bishop of Florence. The Sanzanomis Gesta Florentinorum records that "Gottofredus episcopus Florentinus patruus comitis Alberti et frater comitis Nontigiuva" was killed in battle by "comitis Guidonis" over a dispute concerning "bonorum olim comitis Ardovini", dated to after 1135 from the context[1079].

I. OTHER COUNTS in TUSCANY (ALDOBRANDESCHI)

1. ILDEBRANDINO di Santa Fiora (-before 6 Aug 1286). m GIOVANNA, daughter of ---. "Comites Ildebrandinus Novellus, Bonifatius, Herrigus, Guillelmus, Guido f. b. m. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" agreed the division of their territories, including those held by "Iohanna comitissa mater eorum" by charter dated 2 Aug 1297[1080]. Ildebrandino & his wife had six children:

a) ILDEBRANDINO Novello (-after 2 Aug 1297). "Margarita comitissa palatina f. b. m. Ildibrandini comitis dicti Rubei" appointed "Guidonem de Monteforti virum suum" as her proxy in negotiations with "Ildebrandino Novello, Bonifatio, Umberto, Herrigo, Guillielmo, Guidone comitibus palatinis f. qd. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" by charter dated 6 Aug 1286[1081]. "Ildebrandinus Novellus comes palatinus qd. Ildebrandini comitis palatini de Sancta Flora" appointed "Henricum comitem palatinum qd. comitis Ildebrandini palatini absentum" as proxy in the division of properties agreed with his brothers by charter dated 21 Mar 1297[1082]. "Comites Ildebrandinus Novellus, Bonifatius, Herrigus, Guillelmus, Guido f. b. m. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" agreed the division of their territories, including those held by "Iohanna comitissa mater eorum", under which "Ildibrandini Novelli" received "parties Rocchestrade…in castris Silani, Montisgemoli, Suvereti ---, castro Pietre, baronia et iuribus in castro Batagnani in civitate Massa, in castro Scherlini, in castro Iungharico…", by charter dated 2 Aug 1297[1083].

b) BONIFAZIO (-after 2 Aug 1297). "Margarita comitissa palatina f. b. m. Ildibrandini comitis dicti Rubei" appointed "Guidonem de Monteforti virum suum" as her proxy in negotiations with "Ildebrandino Novello, Bonifatio, Umberto, Herrigo, Guillielmo, Guidone comitibus palatinis f. qd. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" by charter dated 6 Aug 1286[1084]. "Comites Ildebrandinus Novellus, Bonifatius, Herrigus, Guillelmus, Guido f. b. m. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" agreed the division of their territories, including those held by "Iohanna comitissa mater eorum", under which "Bonifatii" received "baronia et iuribus in Yschia cum parte habent in Grosseto, quarta parte castri Capalb[ii---] et in Petrolla, in Castellardo, in civitate Castri", by charter dated 2 Aug 1297[1085].

c) UMBERTO (-[6 Aug 1286/2 Aug 1297]). "Margarita comitissa palatina f. b. m. Ildibrandini comitis dicti Rubei" appointed "Guidonem de Monteforti virum suum" as her proxy in negotiations with "Ildebrandino Novello, Bonifatio, Umberto, Herrigo, Guillielmo, Guidone comitibus palatinis f. qd. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" by charter dated 6 Aug 1286[1086].

d) ENRICO (-after 2 Aug 1297). "Margarita comitissa palatina f. b. m. Ildibrandini comitis dicti Rubei" appointed "Guidonem de Monteforti virum suum" as her proxy in negotiations with "Ildebrandino Novello, Bonifatio, Umberto, Herrigo, Guillielmo, Guidone comitibus palatinis f. qd. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" by charter dated 6 Aug 1286[1087]. "Ildebrandinus Novellus comes palatinus qd. Ildebrandini comitis palatini de Sancta Flora" appointed "Henricum comitem palatinum qd. comitis Ildebrandini palatini absentum" as proxy in the division of properties agreed with his brothers by charter dated 21 Mar 1297[1088]. "Comites Ildebrandinus Novellus, Bonifatius, Herrigus, Guillelmus, Guido f. b. m. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" agreed the division of their territories, including those held by "Iohanna comitissa mater eorum", under which "Herrigi" received "parties Sancte Flore cum castello patris --- et iuribus in Roccha Albegne et Petra, heremo et villa Sancte Trinitate", by charter dated 2 Aug 1297[1089].

e) GUGLIELMO (-after 2 Aug 1297). "Margarita comitissa palatina f. b. m. Ildibrandini comitis dicti Rubei" appointed "Guidonem de Monteforti virum suum" as her proxy in negotiations with "Ildebrandino Novello, Bonifatio, Umberto, Herrigo, Guillielmo, Guidone comitibus palatinis f. qd. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" by charter dated 6 Aug 1286[1090]. "Comites Ildebrandinus Novellus, Bonifatius, Herrigus, Guillelmus, Guido f. b. m. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" agreed the division of their territories, including those held by "Iohanna comitissa mater eorum", under which "comitis Guillielmi" received "partes Malliani…Sanprugnani…et aliis iuribus in Cinsiano, Frachilasci, iuribus in Rocchetta, Sanpugn[ano]--- gana et Bermina", by charter dated 2 Aug 1297[1091].

f) GUIDO (-after 2 Aug 1297). "Margarita comitissa palatina f. b. m. Ildibrandini comitis dicti Rubei" appointed "Guidonem de Monteforti virum suum" as her proxy in negotiations with "Ildebrandino Novello, Bonifatio, Umberto, Herrigo, Guillielmo, Guidone comitibus palatinis f. qd. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" by charter dated 6 Aug 1286[1092]. "Comites Ildebrandinus Novellus, Bonifatius, Herrigus, Guillelmus, Guido f. b. m. Ildebrandini comitis palatini dicti de Sancta Flora" agreed the division of their territories, including those held by "Iohanna comitissa mater eorum", under which "Guidonis" received "parties Castilionis vallis Urcie cum castro Schanzani, quarta parte Capalvi, baronia Castigloncelli Stribaglani", by charter dated 2 Aug 1297[1093].

K. OTHER COUNTS in TUSCANY (ARDENGHESCHI)

1. RANUCCIO . m ---. The name of Ranuccio’s wife is not known. Rainuccio & his wife had two children:

a) GUIDO dell’Ardenghesca (-after 19 May 1163). A charter dated 23 May 1158 records an agreement between the bishop of Volterra and "Pannockiam comitem" concerning "divisione castelli Gerfalci" and property acquired from "Guidoni comiti qd Ranuccii comitis…"[1094]. "Comes Pannokia et Aldigarda uxor et Pannikino, Rainerius, Ugerius f. et Contessa uxor Rainerii" renounced their claim to "tertia parte medietatis castri Gerfalci" in favour of Galgano bishop of Volterra by charter dated 19 May 1163, in the presence of "…Tedici comitis de Montalcino, Guidonis qd. Ranucci Ardengi…"[1095].

b) GUGLIELMO (-after 14 Jan 1161). "Guillelmus comes qd. Rainucini item comitis" sold "omnia…in castello et podio Montecuccari et…in castellis et podiis Camporena, Laiatico, Ghiecziano, Cecdre et in curte de Ringngniano" to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 14 Jan 1161 at Volterra[1096].

L. OTHER COUNTS in TUSCANY (GHERARDESCHI)

1. RANIERI (-before 23 Jul 1109). m ---. The name of Ranieri’s wife is not known. Ranieri & his wife had two children:

a) RANIERI (-after 17 Feb 1115). "Raginerius comes f. qd. Raginerii comitis" donated to "ecc. s. Marie et s. Benedicti in Morrona" his part of property acquired by the monastery from "Ugicione comite et Cilia uxore et filiis", for the souls of "…Dine uxoris", by charter dated 17 Feb 1115[1097]. m DINA, daughter of --- (-after 17 Feb 1115). "Gualandus qui Maluscomes vocor f. qd. Rainerii" donated "med. de omnibus rebus meis que mihi pertinent ex patre, matre, per divisionem a Rainerio gg. meo et uxore sua Dina" to "ecclesie s. Marie Vult.", at the request of "Dina", by charter dated 23 Jul 1109 at Pava, signed by "Gualandi Malicomitis, Gualandi qd Saraceni avunculi Malicomitis, Ugolin qd Guidonis comitis…"[1098]. "Raginerius comes f. qd. Raginerii comitis" donated to "ecc. s. Marie et s. Benedicti in Morrona" his part of property acquired by the monastery from "Ugicione comite et Cilia uxore et filiis", for the souls of "…Dine uxoris", by charter dated 17 Feb 1115[1099].

b) GUALANDO (-before 23 Jul 1109). "Gualandus qui Maluscomes vocor f. qd. Rainerii" donated "med. de omnibus rebus meis que mihi pertinent ex patre, matre, per divisionem a Rainerio gg. meo et uxore sua Dina" to "ecclesie s. Marie Vult.", at the request of "Dina", by charter dated 23 Jul 1109 at Pava, signed by "Gualandi Malicomitis, Gualandi qd Saraceni avunculi Malicomitis, Ugolin qd Guidonis comitis…"[1100].

2. GERARDO . m ---. The name of Gerardo’s wife is not known. Gerardo & his wife had three children:

a) GERARDO (-after 2 Jun 1154). "Gerardus et Rainerius gg. et comites f. qd. Gerardi item comitis" donated property "in castello Guardistallo", and "in castello Biboni" which "Gerardus cum Henrigo comitis qd germano meo" bought from "Maria comitissa relicta Rubertini comitis et gd Albertini filia" and from "Henrigketto t Rubertino gg et comitibus f. qd. Rubertini comitis", to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 2 Jun 1154[1101].

b) ENRICO (-before 2 Jun 1154). "Gerardus et Rainerius gg. et comites f. qd. Gerardi item comitis" donated property "in castello Guardistallo", and "in castello Biboni" which "Gerardus cum Henrigo comitis qd germano meo" bought from "Maria comitissa relicta Rubertini comitis et gd Albertini filia" and from "Henrigketto t Rubertino gg et comitibus f. qd. Rubertini comitis", to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 2 Jun 1154[1102].

c) RANIERI (-after 2 Jun 1154). "Gerardus et Rainerius gg. et comites f. qd. Gerardi item comitis" donated property "in castello Guardistallo", and "in castello Biboni" which "Gerardus cum Henrigo comitis qd germano meo" bought from "Maria comitissa relicta Rubertini comitis et gd Albertini filia" and from "Henrigketto t Rubertino gg et comitibus f. qd. Rubertini comitis", to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 2 Jun 1154[1103]. m ERMINIA, daughter of ALAOTTO & his wife --- (-after 1 Jul 1154). "Erminia comitissa, Rainerii comitis uxor, f. Alaotti" consented to the preceding donation, at the request of "Gerardus et Rainerius comites", by charter dated 1 Jul 1154[1104].

3. TEUDICO [IV] . m ---. The name of Teudico’s wife is not known. Teudico & his wife had one child:

a) SUFIA (-after 23 Nov 1118). "Raginerius f. qd. Pustibi et Sufiia f. qd. Tedici comes, iugales, Sufia interrogata per f. suis Atitio et Arduini" sold "castri de Queerciito…intus civitatem Volot." to "Guidoni prelato" by charter dated 23 Nov 1118[1105]. m RANIERI, son of PUSTIBO & his wife --- (-after 23 Nov 1118).

4. GERARDO [VII] Gherardesca (-after 2 Jul 1159). "Comes Tedicius gd. Trainelli et Donnisia iugalis eius f. qd. Guidonis marchionis" sold "tertiam partem castelli de Strido et…in Felagrano, Petramanita, Terenthano, Valiano" to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 2 Jul 1159 at Biserno, signed by "Comitis Gerardi…Lampretti vicecomitis qd. Truffi…"[1106].

1. UGOLINO Gherardesca of Pisa . Conte di Donoratico. m ---. The name of Ugolino’s wife is not known. Ugolino & his wife had one child:

a) GUELFO Gherardesca (-1295). Conte di Donoratico. A charter dated 7 Nov 1237 records a peace agreement on behalf of “domino comite Raynerio domino Bulgaro pro se et filiis et nepotibus suis...comitibus Guelfo de Donoratico et...viro domino Petro Iud. Arboriæ et...nobilibus viris Ugolino Vic. quond. Gottifredi, et Gottifredo eius nepotes, et Guglielmo Vic. quondam Gisberti Vic...domino Hubaldo Vic. Iud. Gall. et Turr” and the Pisan community[1107]. Judge of Cagliari (part). After the death of Judge Giovanni di Massa “Chiano”, Cagliari was occupied by Pisans and divided into three parts: a charter dated 26 Jul 1257 records a peace agreement between the Pisans and Genoese “cum dominus Guillelmus comes Caprariæ et iudex Arboriæ et tertiæ partis regni Callaratani et generalis vicarius Pisanorum in Sardenia...et dominus Iohannes vicecomes iudex Gallurii et tertiæ partis regni Kallaritani...et Gerardus comes et Ugolinus Guelfus comes iudices tertiæ partis dicti regni Kalleritani”[1108]. m ELENA, daughter of ENZIO King of Sardinia [Staufen] & his [first wife Adelasia di Torres/second wife --- di Egna] (-[before 16 Mar 1272]). The testament of “Henricus...rex Sardinie”, dated 16 Mar 1272, appointed “Henrico et Ugolino nepotibus...ex...filia nostra Helena et viro...Guelfo de Donoratico genero nostro natos” as his heirs, specifically in “regno nostro Sardinie”[1109]. The appointment of her sons as heirs to Sardinia suggests that their mother must have been the testator’s daughter by his first marriage. However, Fara (writing in 1579) states that Adelasia di Torres died childless and bequeathed Torres to Pope Gregory IX by her testament[1110]. Guelfo & his wife had three children:

i) ENRICO Gherardesca (-[6 Nov 1272/5 Apr 1288]). The testament of “Henricus...rex Sardinie”, dated 16 Mar 1272, appointed “Henrico et Ugolino nepotibus...ex...filia nostra Helena et viro...Guelfo de Donoratico genero nostro natos” as his heirs, specifically in “regno nostro Sardinie”[1111]. The executors of the testament of “Henrizi...regis Sardiniæ filii quondam dom. Friderici Romanorum imperatoris”, as “procuratori...dom comitis Ugolini quondam dom. Guelfi comitis de Donoratico”, sold “sextæ partis regni Charallitani” to “Henrizi et Ugolini dicti Nini et Iacobi dicti Lapi filiorum...domine Ellene filiæ olim predicti domini Henrizi et uxoris...Guelfi comitis de Donoratico patris dictorum zermanorum” by charter dated 6 Nov 1272[1112].

ii) UGOLINO Gherardesca (-[5 Apr 1288/15 Jul 1292]). Conte di Septimo: “Ugolini comitis domini Guelfi comitis de Septimo” donated property to S. Agostino di Siena, for the soul of “domini Guelfi bone memorie patris sui”, by charter dated 1 Jun 1263[1113]. The testament of “Henricus...rex Sardinie”, dated 16 Mar 1272, appointed “Henrico et Ugolino nepotibus...ex...filia nostra Helena et viro...Guelfo de Donoratico genero nostro natos” as his heirs, specifically in “regno nostro Sardinie”[1114]. The executors of the testament of “Henrizi...regis Sardiniæ filii quondam dom. Friderici Romanorum imperatoris”, as “procuratori...dom comitis Ugolini quondam dom. Guelfi comitis de Donoratico”, sold “sextæ partis regni Charallitani” to “Henrizi et Ugolini dicti Nini et Iacobi dicti Lapi filiorum...domine Ellene filiæ olim predicti domini Henrizi et uxoris...Guelfi comitis de Donoratico patris dictorum zermanorum” by charter dated 6 Nov 1272[1115]. Judge of Gallura (part): Zurita records that, after the defeat of “el Conde Bonifacio con muchos nobles de Pisa” by the Genoese, dated to the same year as the death of “el Rey don Pedro” [Pedro III King of Aragon, died 1285], Pisa was saved through the prudence of “Conde Ugolino Gerardisco...muy principal ciudadano de aquella señoria” who led one of the groups in Gallura (the others led by “Nino Juez de Gallura...de la casa y familia de los Vicecomites” and “Arçobispo Roger de Ubaldino”)[1116]. Conte di Donoratico. “Comes Ugolinus de Donoratico et sexte parte regni Kallari dominus et Ugolinus vicecomes iudex de Gallura et tertie partis regni Kallari dominus potestates et capitanei Pisani communis” appointed proxies to negotiate with the commune of Genoa by charter dated 5 Apr 1288[1117]. m ---. The name of Ugolino’s wife is not known. Ugolino & his wife had four children:

(a) GUELFO Gherardesca . A charter dated 14 Jul 1292 records the appointment of a proxy for “Matheo filio bone memorie...Ugolini comitis de Donaratico ac fratri dominorum comitum Guelfi et Locti” to confirm an agreement between “dictum dominum comitem Loctum” and the commune of Genoa[1118].

(b) LOTTO Gherardesca . A charter dated 14 Jul 1292 records the appointment of a proxy for “Matheo filio bone memorie...Ugolini comitis de Donaratico ac fratri dominorum comitum Guelfi et Locti” to confirm an agreement between “dictum dominum comitem Loctum” and the commune of Genoa[1119]. “Comes Lotus de Donoratico pro se...et nomine...comitis Guelfi et Mathei fratrum ipsius” reached agreement with the commune of Genoa regarding possessions in Cagliari by charter dated 16 Sep 1292[1120].

(c) daughter . Tola names Ugolino as the son of “Giovanni o Chiano fratello di Federigo Visconti arcivescovo di Pisa e da una figliuola del celebre conte Ugolino della Gherardesca”, without specifying the particular primary source on which this information is based[1121]. m GIOVANNI Visconti, son of UBALDO Visconti & his wife Costanza di Capraria (-1275).

(d) MATTEO Gherardesca ([1279/84]-). A charter dated 14 Jul 1292 records the appointment of a proxy for “Matheo filio bone memorie...Ugolini comitis de Donaratico ac fratri dominorum comitum Guelfi et Locti” to confirm an agreement between “dictum dominum comitem Loctum” and the commune of Genoa, stating that Matteo was “maioris annis octo et minoris annis quatuordecim”[1122]. “Matheus filius bone memorie...quondam domini comitis Ugolini de Donnoratico”, with the consent of “domini Riccomi Bulgarini curatoris dicti Mathei”, ratified an offer made to the commune of Genoa by “comitem Lotum” by charter dated 15 Jul 1292[1123].

iii) GIACOPO Gherardesca . The executors of the testament of “Henrizi...regis Sardiniæ filii quondam dom. Friderici Romanorum imperatoris”, as “procuratori...dom comitis Ugolini quondam dom. Guelfi comitis de Donoratico”, sold “sextæ partis regni Charallitani” to “Henrizi et Ugolini dicti Nini et Iacobi dicti Lapi filiorum...domine Ellene filiæ olim predicti domini Henrizi et uxoris...Guelfi comitis de Donoratico patris dictorum zermanorum” by charter dated 6 Nov 1272[1124].

The primary sources which confirm the precise relationhips between the following persons and the main Gherardesca family have not been identified.

1. GERARDO Gherardesca . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Donoratico. m ---. The name of Gerardo’s is not known. The 18 Dec 1326 charter quoted below indicates that she was the sister of “Raynerio”. Gerardo & his wife had two children:

a) BONIFAZIO (-after 18 Dec 1326). Jaime II King of Aragon granted property in Sardinia to “Raynerio quondam...Bonifacio eius nepoti, nato quondam comitis Gerardi comitibus de Donoratico...pro medietate” and “Thome, Gaddo ac Barnabe filiis dicti quondam comitis Rainerii pro alia mediatate” by charter dated 18 Dec 1326[1125].

b) TECCIA (-after 15 Dec 1289). A charter dated 15 Dec 1289 records the appointment of “Tomasum filium comitis Rodulfi de Capraria” as proxy for “domina contessa vidua...Teccia vocatur filia q. domini comitis Gerardi de Donoratico, et uxor olim...comitis Anselmi quondam dom. comitis Bertoldi de Capraria”, witnessed by “Guglielmus quond. dom. Guglielmi iudicis Arboree...”[1126]. m ANSELMO Conte di Capraria, son of BERTOLDO Conte di Capraria & his wife --- (-before 15 Dec 1289).

2. TEDICE Gherardesca (-after 12 Feb 1329). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Conte di Donoratico. m (after 1301) as her second husband, GIACOMINA, widow of GIOVANNI di Basso Judge of Arborea, daughter of --- (-after 12 Feb 1329). Her two marriages are confirmed by Emperor Ludwig IV who granted “bona feudalia que tenebat dictus Iohannes tempore quo decessit” to “mulieri Iacomine uxori Tedicii comitis de Donoratico”, considering that “condam...Iohannes Iudex Arboree olim maritus tuus” died “absque liberis masculis legiptimis, relicta ex te tunc uxore sua una dumtaxat postuma...Iohanna et que in infantali etate post obitum dicti patris sui diem clausit extremum” and that “Marzanus filius naturalis dicti Iohannis” was granted “ipsa bona” by “bone memorie Henrico Romanorum imperatore predecessore nostro” and that “Ugerus qui nunc dicitur dicta bona feudalie detinere est rebellis noster”, by charter dated 12 Feb 1329[1127].

M. OTHER COUNTS in TUSCANY (PANNOCCHIESCHI)

1. ILDEBRANDO (-before 19 Apr 1073). m ---. The name of Ildebrando’s wife is not known. Ildebrando & his wife had three children:

a) ILDEBRANDO (-after 1084). A charter dated 19 Apr 1073 "in comitato Arretino in villa…Atagerra" records a judgment in the presence of "Ildebrando comes filius quondam item Ildibrandi et Raineri et Ugicione germanis filii predicti Eldi Ildibrandi comes…", involving "Willa comitissa relita bone memorie Rainieri et filia quondam item Rainieri cum filiis suis…Bernardo comes fillius quondam Ardingi…comes et Ugo filius quondam Supi tutori eorum"[1128]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the privileges of Farfa monastery by charter dated 1084 which names "Hildebrandus dux" and includes a record of property donated by "Rainerius comes filius Saxonis comitis…et filius eiusdem Rainerii Saxonis"[1129].

b) RANIERI (-after 19 Apr 1073). A charter dated 19 Apr 1073 "in comitato Arretino in villa…Atagerra" records a judgment in the presence of "Ildebrando comes filius quondam item Ildibrandi et Raineri et Ugicione germanis filii predicti Eldi Ildibrandi comes…"[1130].

c) UGUICCIO Tezici (-after 19 Apr 1073). A charter dated 19 Apr 1073 "in comitato Arretino in villa…Atagerra" records a judgment in the presence of "Ildebrando comes filius quondam item Ildibrandi et Raineri et Ugicione germanis filii predicti Eldi Ildibrandi comes…"[1131]. m ---. Uguiccio & his wife had [three] children:

i) ROBERTO (-[Jan 1144/2 Jun 1154]). "Rubertinus comes f. qd. Uguiccionis" donated property "de castello et curte de Vignale et curtibus de Rignano et Cedule" to "eccl. s. Marie et canonice s. Octaviani" by charter dated Jan 1144[1132]. m MARIA, daughter of ALBERTINO & his wife --- (-after 2 Jun 1154). "Gerardus et Rainerius gg. et comites f. qd. Gerardi item comitis" donated property "in castello Guardistallo", and "in castello Biboni" which "Gerardus cum Henrigo comitis qd germano meo" bought from "Maria comitissa relicta Rubertini comitis et gd Albertini filia" and from "Henrigketto t Rubertino gg et comitibus f. qd. Rubertini comitis", to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 2 Jun 1154[1133]. Roberto & his wife had two children:

(a) ENRICO [Enrichetto] . "Gerardus et Rainerius gg. et comites f. qd. Gerardi item comitis" donated property "in castello Guardistallo", and "in castello Biboni" which "Gerardus cum Henrigo comitis qd germano meo" bought from "Maria comitissa relicta Rubertini comitis et gd Albertini filia" and from "Henrigketto t Rubertino gg et comitibus f. qd. Rubertini comitis", to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 2 Jun 1154[1134].

(b) ROBERTO . "Gerardus et Rainerius gg. et comites f. qd. Gerardi item comitis" donated property "in castello Guardistallo", and "in castello Biboni" which "Gerardus cum Henrigo comitis qd germano meo" bought from "Maria comitissa relicta Rubertini comitis et gd Albertini filia" and from "Henrigketto t Rubertino gg et comitibus f. qd. Rubertini comitis", to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 2 Jun 1154[1135].

ii) ILDEBRANDO Pannocchia (-before 17 Apr 1151). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 17 Apr 1151 under which his widow "Mathilda f. qd. Lanfranci, relicta Ildebrandini comitis f. qd. Ugonis Tezici item comitis" sold property of "viro meo in castro et curte de Barbialla, castro Scopeto sito in valle de Bula et aliis locis a flumine Arni usque --- Empori" to the bishop of Volterra[1136]. m MATILDA, daughter of LANFRANCO & his wife --- (-after 17 Apr 1151). "Mathilda f. qd. Lanfranci, relicta Ildebrandini comitis f. qd. Ugonis Tezici item comitis" sold property of "viro meo in castro et curte de Barbialla, castro Scopeto sito in valle de Bula et aliis locis a flumine Arni usque --- Empori" to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 17 Apr 1151[1137].

iii) [MATILDA (-after 27 May 1128). "Matilda f. b. m. --- comitis de Vignale, relicta qd. Azonis, lege vivens Romana" doanted property to "canonike s. Octaviani" by charter dated 27 May 1128[1138]. The name of Matilda’s father is omitted from the document, but it is listed in the compilation with other charters issued by the descendants of Conte Uguiccio. m AZZO, son of --- (-before 27 May 1128).]

2. UGOLINO Pannocchia . m ---. The name of Ugolino’s wife is not known. Ugolino & his wife had one child:

a) RANIERI Pannocchia (-after 22 Jan 1139). "Rainerius qui Pannocchia voc qd. Ugolini Pannochie et Sibilia f. Fralmi iugalis" sold property "iuxta castrum Montieri" to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated Feb 1135 "in comitatu Vult. in castello de Travale"[1139]. "Rainerius comes qui Pannochya vocatur f. qd. Ugolini et Subilia qd. Fralmi iugales" sold property to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 22 Jan 1139[1140]. m SIBILLA, daughter of FRALMO & his wife --- (-after 22 Jan 1139). "Rainerius qui Pannocchia voc qd. Ugolini Pannochie et Sibilia f. Fralmi iugalis" sold property "iuxta castrum Montieri" to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated Feb 1135 "in comitatu Vult. in castello de Travale"[1141]. "Rainerius comes qui Pannochya vocatur f. qd. Ugolini et Subilia qd. Fralmi iugales" sold property to the bishop of Volterra by charter dated 22 Jan 1139[1142]. Ranieri & his wife had one child:

i) RANIERI Pannocchia (-after 19 May 1163). A charter dated 23 May 1158 records an agreement between the bishop of Volterra and "Pannockiam comitem" concerning "divisione castelli Gerfalci" and property acquired from "Guidoni comiti qd Ranuccii comitis…"[1143]. A charter dated 30 Jun 1158 records the hearing of a dispute by a judge appointed by the bishop of Volterra and "comite Pannockia"[1144]. A charter dated 30 Apr 1162 at Siena records an arbitration before "Ildibrandinus, Baroncellus, Bonone, Russus consoles Senenses" concerning a dispute between Galgano bishop of Volterra and "comite Ildebrandino" concerning "castro Gerfalchi", of which one third each were held by the bishop, Ildebrandino and "iure feodi Pannocchie…Rainerii"[1145]. m ALDIGARDA, daughter of --- (-after 19 May 1163). "Comes Pannokia et Aldigarda uxor et Pannikino, Rainerius, Ugerius f. et Contessa uxor Rainerii" renounced their claim to "tertia parte medietatis castri Gerfalci" in favour of Galgano bishop of Volterra by charter dated 19 May 1163, in the presence of "…Tedici comitis de Montalcino, Guidonis qd. Ranucci Ardengi…"[1146]. Ranieri & his wife had three children:

(a) PANNOCCHINO . "Comes Pannokia et Aldigarda uxor et Pannikino, Rainerius, Ugerius f. et Contessa uxor Rainerii" renounced their claim to "tertia parte medietatis castri Gerfalci" in favour of Galgano bishop of Volterra by charter dated 19 May 1163, in the presence of "…Tedici comitis de Montalcino, Guidonis qd. Ranucci Ardengi…"[1147].

(b) RANIERI . "Comes Pannokia et Aldigarda uxor et Pannikino, Rainerius, Ugerius f. et Contessa uxor Rainerii" renounced their claim to "tertia parte medietatis castri Gerfalci" in favour of Galgano bishop of Volterra by charter dated 19 May 1163, in the presence of "…Tedici comitis de Montalcino, Guidonis qd. Ranucci Ardengi…"[1148]. m CONTESSA, daughter of ---. "Comes Pannokia et Aldigarda uxor et Pannikino, Rainerius, Ugerius f. et Contessa uxor Rainerii" renounced their claim to "tertia parte medietatis castri Gerfalci" in favour of Galgano bishop of Volterra by charter dated 19 May 1163, in the presence of "…Tedici comitis de Montalcino, Guidonis qd. Ranucci Ardengi…"[1149].

(c) UGUERIO . "Comes Pannokia et Aldigarda uxor et Pannikino, Rainerius, Ugerius f. et Contessa uxor Rainerii" renounced their claim to "tertia parte medietatis castri Gerfalci" in favour of Galgano bishop of Volterra by charter dated 19 May 1163, in the presence of "…Tedici comitis de Montalcino, Guidonis qd. Ranucci Ardengi…"[1150].

Chapter 7. VENETO

A. SIGNORI di PADOVA (da CARRARA)

1. GIACOPINO da Carrara (-after 23 May 1183). m MARIA di Baone, daughter of ALBERTINO di Baione & his wife --- (-after 23 May 1183). A charter dated 23 May 1183 records the division of the property of "q. Albertini de Baone" between "dña Bertolina pro Sophya et Elica filiabus suis et…Jacobino de Carraria et eius uxore dña Marieta et…Johanne Icilini de Onara et eius uxore dña Beatrice et…Marcio pro se et uxore sua Palma et…Taurello pro Arvero filio suo, et dña India sua uxore…filiabus eiusdem Albertini" to the monastery of Santa Cruce di Campesio by charter dated 15 Dec 1181[1151].

1. MARSIGLIO da Carrara . m ---. The name of Marsiglio’s wife is not known. Marsiglio & his wife had three children:

a) GIACOPO da Carrara (-1327). Signore di Padova. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Jacobus de Carraria" was installed as "Dominus generalis…civitatis Paduæ" by "populo civitatis Paduæ" in 1318[1152].

b) NICCOLO da Carrara . Signore di Padova. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Nicolaus de Carraria" succeeded after the death of "Domini Jacobi eius fratris" in "Dominio…civitatis Paduæ" in 1327 but was expelled by "Dominus Cangrandis de la Scala"[1153].

c) PIETRO da Carrara (-1334). Rector of Belluno. m ---. The name of Pietro’s wife is not known. Pietro & his wife had one child:

i) MARSIGLIO da Carrara (-1338). Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Marsilius de Carraria" held "Dominium…civitatis Paduæ" with the help of the Venetians, Florentines and "Dominos Mastinum et Albertum fratres de la Scala" in 1337[1154]. Signore di Padova.

1. NICCOLO da Carrara (-1340). m ---. The name of Niccolo’s wife is not known. Niccolo & his wife had two children:

a) GIACOPO da Carrara (-murdered 1350). Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Jacobus de Carraria filius dicti Domini Nicolai fratris dicti quondam Domini Marsilii" killed "Dominum Marsiliettum" in 1346 and held "dominium…civitatis Paduæ pro se et Domino Jacomino fratre suo"[1155]. Signore di Padova. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Jacobus de Carraria" was killed in 1350 by "Bastardus de Domo illorum de Carraria" and was succeeded by "Dominus Franciscus eius filius"[1156]. m LIETA di Montemerlo, daughter of ---. Giacopo & his wife had three children:

i) FRANCESCO [I] da Carrara (-1393). Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Franciscus eius filius" succeeded "Dominus Jacobus de Carraria", was deposed in 1354 by "Dominus Jacominus frater…Domini Jacobi", but captured and imprisoned his uncle[1157]. Signore di Padova. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Galeaz Vicecomes comes Virtutum, Dominus Mediolani" invaded Padova in 1388 and deposed "Dominum Franciscum de Carraria et…Dominum Franciscum Novellum filium dicti Domini Francisci", who recovered the city in 1390[1158]. m FINA Buzzacavini, daughter of ---. Francisco & his wife had children:

(a) FRANCESCO [II] da Carrara (1359-1406). Signore di Padova. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Galeaz Vicecomes comes Virtutum, Dominus Mediolani" invaded Padova in 1388 and deposed "Dominum Franciscum de Carraria et…Dominum Franciscum Novellum filium dicti Domini Francisci", who recovered the city in 1390[1159]. A charter dated 8 Dec 1402 records an alliance between Giovanni Maria Duke of Milan and "dominum Franciscum de Carraria Padue"[1160]. m (1377) TADDEA d’Este, daughter of NICCOLÒ d’Este Marchese di Modena & his wife Verde della Scala (1365-Padua 23 Nov 1404, bur Padua cathedral). Francesco [II] & his wife had children:

(1) FRANCESCO [III] da Carrara (1377-1406). Signore di Padova. m (1397) ALDA Gonzaga di Mantua, daughter of GIANFRANCESCO Gonzaga Signore di Mantua & his first wife Agnese Visconti (-1405).

(2) GIGLIOLA da Carrara ([1382]-1416). She died of the plague. m (1397) as his first wife, NICCOLÒ [III] d’Este Signore di Modena, son of ALBERTO d'Este Signor di Ferrara & his mistress Isotta Albaresani (Ferrara 9 Nov 1383-poisoned Milan 26 Dec 1441, bur Ferrara Santa Maria degli Angeli).

(b) CECILIA da Carrara (-1427-Zahna, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Wentzel to Sassen unde Lunenborch” married “Ceciliam des Heren van Badaw dochter”[1161]. An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 1429 of “Cecilia relicta vidua Wenceslai ducis Electoris Saxon filia Francisci vicarii imperialis in Padua”[1162]. m (before 11 May 1371) WENZEL Herzog zu Sachsen Elector of Saxony, son of RUDOLF I Herzog von Sachsen-Wittenberg, Elector of Saxony & his third wife Agnes von Lindau-Ruppin (-killed in battle Acre 15 May 1388).

(c) ELISABETTA da Carrara (-before 24 May 1395). m as his first wife, FRIEDRICH [III] Graf von Oettingen, son of LUDWIG [X] Graf von Oettingen & his wife Imagina von Schaunberg (-23 Jan 1423).

Francesco [I] had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

(d) CONTO da Carrara (-after Jun 1391). The Chronicon Guelforum et Gibellinorum names "Dominus Contus de Carraria filius naturalis Domini Francisci Senioris de Carraria" among those from Padua in Jun 1391 who invaded "Episcopatum Bergomi"[1163].

ii) TADDEA da Carrara . The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "uxor Domini Mastini" was "ex…Dominis [de Carraria]"[1164]. The Chronicon Patavinum names "Domina Thaddaea olim filia domini Jacobi Magni de Carraria" as mother of "Mastinus de la Scala…filios…Dominum Canem Grandem, Canem Signorem et Paulum Alboinum"[1165]. m MASTINO [II] della Scala Signore di Verona, son of ALBOINO [I] della Scala & his second wife Beatrice di Corregio (-1351).

iii) GIGLIOLA da Carrara (-[1350/51]). m ([8/20] Jun 1350) HEINRICH V Graf von Görz, son of ALBRECHT III Graf von Görz & his second wife Offmei Utehild von Mätsch (-[1361/62]).

b) GIACOMO da Carrara (-1372). Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Jacobus de Carraria filius dicti Domini Nicolai fratris dicti quondam Domini Marsilii" killed "Dominum Marsiliettum" in 1346 and held "dominium…civitatis Paduæ pro se et Domino Jacomino fratre suo"[1166]. Signore di Padova. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Franciscus eius filius" succeeded "Dominus Jacobus de Carraria", was deposed in 1354 by "Dominus Jacominus frater…Domini Jacobi", but captured and imprisoned his uncle who died in prison[1167].

1. ALBERTO da Carrara . Signore di Padova. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Albertinus de Carraria" succeeded as "Dominus…civitatis Paduæ" after the death in 1338 of "Domini Marsilii"[1168].

2. MARSIGLIO da Carrara (-1345). Signore di Padova. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Marsiliettus de Carraria dictus Papasaba" succeeded as "in dominio…civitatis Paduæ" after the death of "Domini Albertini", but was killed in 1346 by "Dominus Jacobus de Carraria filius dicti Domini Nicolai fratris dicti quondam Domini Marsilii"[1169].

B. da ROMANO

1. ARPO (-before 11 Dec 1076). m ---. The name of Arpo’s wife is not known. Arpo & his wife had one child:

a) EZZELINO [I] (-after 16 Jul 1077). "Eceli filius quondam Arpo de loco Aunerio et Romano" sold property "in comitato Tarnens foras civitate Tar…Codalido" to "Johannes filius quondam Ugoni de Cavaxo et loco Pussagno" by charter dated 11 Dec 1076[1170]. "Ezilli filius quondam Arpo…ex natione…Saliha" sold property "in comitato Tarvisianensiis…in loco…Ponzano…prope Tarvixo" to "Johannes filius quondam Ugoni" by charter dated 16 Jul 1077[1171].

Two brothers:

1. ALBERIGO (-after [3 Jul 1127]). Emperor Heinrich V issued a charter dated Mar 1116 "in civitate Tarvisii" in the presence of "…Albricus et Eccelino germani de Alnaria…"[1172]. "…Albericus de Romano, Eceli germani…" are named as present in a charter dated 22 Jun 1124 under which "Tiso" exchanged property with the abbot of San Floriani[1173]. "Albericus et Cuniza jugalibus" donated property "in comitatu Tarvisiano in loco…Avax" to the abbot of Camposion by charter dated 18 May 1125[1174]. ["Tiso Hecello Albericus de Romano…" donated various property to the monastery of Santa Cruce di Campesio by charter dated 3 Jul 1127[1175]. The reverse order in which the names of Alberigo and Ezzelino appear in this document, compared to the order in the earlier charters, suggests that Alberigo, who is assigned the junior position, may not be the same person as the earlier Alberigo, maybe his son.] m CUNIZA, daughter of --- (-after Dec 1154). "Albericus et Cuniza jugalibus" donated property "in comitatu Tarvisiano in loco…Avax" to the abbot of Camposion by charter dated 18 May 1125[1176]. "Dñus Ecelinus…cum matre sua dña Cuniza" donated property "in Romano" to the monastery of Santa Cruce di Campesio by charter dated Dec 1154[1177]. Alberigo & his wife had one child:

a) EZZELINO [III] "Balbo" (-after 15 Dec 1181). "Dñus Ecelinus…cum matre sua dña Cuniza" donated property "in Romano" to the monastery of Santa Cruce di Campesio by charter dated Dec 1154[1178].

- see below.

2. EZZELINO [II] (-after 22 Jun 1124). Emperor Heinrich V issued a charter dated Mar 1116 "in civitate Tarvisii" in the presence of "…Albricus et Eccelino germani de Alnaria…"[1179]. "…Albericus de Romano, Eceli germani…" are named as present in a charter dated 22 Jun 1124 under which "Tiso" exchanged property with the abbot of San Floriani[1180]. "Tiso Hecello Albericus de Romano…" donated various property to the monastery of Santa Cruce di Campesio by charter dated 3 Jul 1127[1181].

EZZELINO [III] "Balbo" da Romano, son of ALBERIGO da Romano & his wife Cuniza --- (-after 15 Dec 1181). "Dñus Ecelinus…cum matre sua dña Cuniza" donated property "in Romano" to the monastery of Santa Cruce di Campesio by charter dated Dec 1154[1182]. A charter dated 21 Feb 1159 "in loco Marcenco et territorio Terdonensi" records a judgment against "Ezelinum de Basano" depriving him of "terre de Gudaga" in favour of the bishop of Freising by charter dated Dec 1154, signed by "Fridericus Dux de Rotenburch, et Conradus Palatinus de Reno frater Imperatoris, et Otto Palatinus de Witilinespach et frater eius Otto, et Hermannus Marchio Veronensis, et Heinricus Dux Karentanus, et Wilhelmus marchio de Monteferrato, et Gwido Comes Blantatensis, et G. de Ganerosa Bononesium potestas, et Marchio Opizo Malaspina"[1183]. The bishop of Freising enfeoffed "Ezelini et Joannis eius filii" with "Castri Gudigi", previously belonging to "Ezilo patruus eius", subject to "jure Comitum Tarv.", by charter dated 7 Mar 1160[1184]. "Obizo et Bonifacius marchiones Estenses, Vezolus de Camino, Yzelinus de Honara…" signed the charter dated 7 Feb 1164 under which "Bonifacius comes Veronensis filius olim comitis Malregolati" swore allegiance to Emperor Friedrich I[1185]. A charter dated 15 Jan 1169 records a judgment by "Ecelinus de Romano…" in favour of the church of Treviso[1186]. "Eccelino da Romano" exchanged property with the church of Treviso by charter dated 30 Sep 1171[1187]. A charter dated 16 Feb 1173 records a judgment by "Eccelinus de Romano" in favour of the bishop of Treviso[1188]. "Dñi Ecelini de Romano…" witnessed the charter dated 14 Feb 1174 under which the bishop of Treviso confirmed a donation to the monastery of Moliani[1189]. "Dñus Ecelinus de Romano" donated "medietate unius molendini…in pertinentia Margnani" to the monastery of Santa Cruce di Campesio by charter dated 15 Dec 1181[1190].

m firstly HONORIA, daughter of ---. The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "dominus Ezelinus de Romano qui dictus est Balbus" and his wife "Honoria"[1191].

m secondly as her first husband, SPERONELLA, daughter of DALISMANNO & his wife --- (-after 21 Jun 1199). The testament of "Dña Speronella" is dated 2 Oct 1192 and bequeathes property to "Zamponam filiam meam…in dotem cum ipsa accepit Albertum de Baone in virum", requests "filius meus Jacobus" to make donations on reaching the age of 25[1192]. She married secondly ([2 Oct 1192/21 Jun 1199]) Odelrico. The codicil of "Speronella" is dated 21 Jun 1199 and bequeathes property to "Domino Odelrico marito meo…Domino Azoco et eius uxori domine Frisie…"[1193].

Ezzelino & his first wife had four children:

1. GIOVANNI (-after 23 May 1183). The bishop of Freising enfeoffed "Ezelini et Joannis eius filii" with "Castri Gudigi", previously belonging to "Ezilo patruus eius", subject to "jure Comitum Tarv.", by charter dated 7 Mar 1160[1194]. m BEATRICE, daughter of ALBERTINO di Baone & his wife Bertolina --- (-after 23 May 1183). A charter dated 23 May 1183 records the division of the property of "q. Albertini de Baone" between "dña Bertolina pro Sophya et Elica filiabus suis et…Jacobino de Carraria et eius uxore dña Marieta et…Johanne Icilini de Onara et eius uxore dña Beatrice et…Marcio pro se et uxore sua Palma et…Taurello pro Arvero filio suo, et dña India sua uxore…filiabus eiusdem Albertini" to the monastery of Santa Cruce di Campesio by charter dated 15 Dec 1181[1195].

2. EZZELINO [IV] "il Monaco" da Romano ([1150]-1235). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "fillius primi Ezelini…primo filliam unicam Cunizam" and "secundo fillium Ezzelinum" as the children of "dominus Ezelinus de Romano qui dictus est Balbus"[1196]. Podestà di Treviso. A charter dated 27 Jun 1191 records wrongs done by "dñi Eccelini de Romano Tar. Potestatis" to the church of Treviso[1197]. A charter dated 2 Mar 1192 records a judgment issued by "Ecelino de Romano Tarvisii Potestas"[1198]. "Dñus Ezelinus de Romano filius q. Dñi Ezelini" sold property "in Angarano" to the monastery of Campesion by charter dated 20 Sep 1202[1199]. The Book of Statutes of Treviso dated 1207 names "Rodulfo comitis Widonis Borgognonis filio civitatis Tarvisii potestati" and "Ecelini de Romano…"[1200]. "Dño Ugulino, Bartholomeo, Vendramino fratribus de Cesana et Roberto eorum nepote simul consortibus comitatus Cesane" sold "comitatus Cesane…unam medietatem" to "dñi Ezzelini" by charter dated 28 Mar 1218[1201]. A charter dated 21 Jun 1218 records the peace agreement between the city of Vicenza and "Dñus Ecelinus de Romano", agreed by "Icilinellus filius dñi Ecelini"[1202]. "Dñus Ecelinus de Romano" divided his property between "Ecelini et Alberici filiorum eius" by charter dated 5 Jul 1223[1203]. m firstly as her first husband, AGNESE d'Este, daughter of AZZO [V] d'Este & his wife ---. The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis states that "Ezelino secundo" had two wives in his boyhood, firstly "dominam Agnetam sororem domini Azonis primi marchionis Estensis" who after her divorce married "domino Dulcemanino…de Padua"[1204]. She married secondly Dulcemanino di Padua. m secondly ALEIDA di Mangono, daughter of ---. The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis states that "Ezelino secundo" had two wives in his boyhood, the second of whom was "Aledeytam sororem comitum de Mangono qui etiam comites Rabiosi nominantur"[1205]. Mistress (1): MARIA di Campreto, daughter of ---. The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "dominam Aledaxiam" as illegitimate child of "Ezelino secundo" and his "amorum illicitum dominam Mariam de Campreto, consanguineam illorum de Campo Sancti Petri set ex altera parentella"[1206]. Ezzelino [II] & his first wife had one child:

a) CECILIA . The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Ceciliam unicam filiam" as daughter of "Ezelino secundo" & his first wife, specifying that later she was mother of "domini Asedisii de Guidotis"[1207]. m ---. The name of Cecilia's husband is not known. Cecilia & her husband had one child:

i) ASEDISIO . Lord of Guidotis. The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Ceciliam unicam filiam" as daughter of "Ezelino secundo" & his first wife, specifying that later she was mother of "domini Asedisii de Guidotis"[1208].

Ezzelino [II] & his second wife had six children:

b) PALMA Novella (-before 4 May 1218). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Palmam novellam" as first child of "Ezelino secundo" & his second wife, specifying that she married "domini Alberti de Paone, Paduani civis"[1209]. The marriage contract between "Valpertinus filius q. Valpertini de Cavasio" and "dñam Palmam filiam dñi Eccelini de Romano" is dated 16 Feb 1207[1210]. A charter dated 4 May 1218 records the return of the dowry of "Dñus Eccelinus de Romano…dñe Palme q. filie sue et uxoris…Walpertino [de Vulnico]" who died childless[1211]. m firstly ALBERTO di Baone, son of ---. m secondly (contract 16 Feb 1207) VALPERTINO di Cavasio, son of VALPERTINO di Cavasio & his wife ---.

c) IUNIA [Imia/Emilia] . The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "dominam Iuniam" as second child of "Ezelino secundo" & his second wife, specifying that she married "Alberti comitis Vicentini"[1212]. The Gerardi Maurisii Historia records that "comes Albertus filius quondam comitis Ugutionis" married "dominam Ymigram filiam…domini Eccelini"[1213]. m ALBERTO Conte di Vicenza, son of UGUICCIO & his wife ---.

d) SOPHIA . The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "dominam Sophiam" as third child of "Ezelino secundo" & his second wife, specifying that she married "Henrici de Ygna" and after his death "domino Salinguerre de Ferraria"[1214]. m firstly ENRICO di Igna, son of ---. m secondly SALINGUERRE di Ferrara, son of ---.

e) EZZELINO [V] da Romano (6 Apr 1194-in jail Sarcino 27 Sep 1259, bur Castro Sulcini). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Ezelinum tertium" as fourth child of "Ezelino secundo" & his second wife, specifying that he was born "1194 VI Apr"[1215]. A charter dated 21 Jun 1218 records the peace agreement between the city of Vicenza and "Dñus Ecelinus de Romano", agreed by "Icilinellus filius dñi Ecelini"[1216]. "Dñus Ecelinus de Romano" divided his property between "Ecelini et Alberici filiorum eius" by charter dated 5 Jul 1223[1217]. Podestà di Verona. Vicario Imperiale of the March of Verona. The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus records that "domnum Yçelinum de Romano" attacked Cremona in 1259 but was captured and wounded, died and was buried "in castro Sulcini"[1218]. The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Icerinus de Romano" died from his wounds 27 Sep 1259 "in castro Sonzini districtus Cremonæ"[1219]. m firstly (Verona 23 May 1238) SALVAGGIA, illegitimate daughter of Emperor FRIEDRICH II & his mistress --- ([1223]-1244). The Annales Veronenses record the marriage "die pentecostes ante ianuam Sancti Zenonis de Verona" in 1238 of "domna filia…imperatoris…Salvaza" and "domno Icerino de Romano"[1220]. m secondly (divorced 1244) ISOTTA Lancia, daughter of GALVANO Lancia Principe di Salerno [Monferrato-Saluzzo] & his first wife Girola Fieschi dei Conti di Lavagna (-1254). The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records the recent marriage of "Ecelinus" and "dompnum Galvanum Lanzeam…sororem" and their divorce in 1244[1221]. The chronology appears more consistent with Isotta being the daughter not sister of Galvano, but the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified.

f) ALBERIGO da Romano (-killed San Zeno 1260). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Albricum" as fifth child of "Ezelino secundo" & his second wife[1222].

- see below.

g) CUNIZA (-after 1 Apr 1265). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "dominam Cunizam" as sixth child of "Ezelino secundo" & his second wife, specifying that she married "Rizardi de Sancto Bonifatio"[1223]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that she was taken from her husband by "Sordellus" and, after he was expelled by her brother, became the mistress of "miles…Bonius de Tarvisio" who was killed, after which she married secondly "dompno Naimono de Bragancio", marrying for a third time "in Verona" after her second husband died (and after the death of her brother Ezzelino)[1224]. "Dña Cuniza filia q. dñi E--- da Romano" emancipated serfs, for the souls of "fratrum suorum dominorum Ecelini et Alberici de Romano", by charter dated 1 Apr 1265[1225]. m firstly (separated) RICCIARDO Conte di Verona, son of LODOVICO & his wife --- (-Brixen Feb [1252 or 1253]). m secondly NAIMONO de Bragancio, son of ---. m thirdly (after 1259) ---.

Ezzelino [II] had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1).

h) ALEDAXIA . The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "dominam Aledaxiam" as illegitimate child of "Ezelino secundo" and his "amorum illicitum dominam Mariam de Campreto, consanguineam illorum de Campo Sancti Petri set ex altera parentella"[1226].

3. CUNIZA (-after 3 Nov 1191). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "fillius primi Ezelini…primo filliam unicam Cunizam" and "secundo fillium Ezzelinum" as the children of "dominus Ezelinus de Romano qui dictus est Balbus", specifying that "soror igitur Ezelini secundo" married "domino Tysolino primo de Campo Sancti Petri"[1227]. The testament of "domina Cuniza uxor q. dñi Tisollini de Campo Sancti Petri" is dated 3 Nov 1191[1228]. m TESSOLINO Signor di Campo Santo Petri, son of GERARDO de Campo Santo Petri & his wife Daria di Baone (-before 3 Nov 1191). The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino names "vir nobilis Tisolinus, filius quondam Gerardi de Campo Sancti Petri Paduani districtus et comitisse Darie, olim filie…Alberti de Baone"[1229]. Tessolino & his wife had two children:

a) GERARDO . The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "primo Gerardus, secundo Tiso" as the children of "domino Tysolino primo de Campo Sancti Petri" & his wife, specifying that Gerardo married "Manfredum Ricum…filiam unicam Ceciliam"[1230]. m CECILIA, daughter of MANFREDO Rico & his wife ---. The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "primo Gerardus, secundo Tiso" as the children of "domino Tysolino primo de Campo Sancti Petri" & his wife, specifying that Gerardo married "Manfredum Ricum…filiam unicam Ceciliam"[1231].

b) TISO (-1235). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "primo Gerardus, secundo Tiso" as the children of "domino Tysolino primo de Campo Sancti Petri" & his wife[1232]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records the death in 1235 of "Tiso de Campo Sancti Petri"[1233].

4. EZZELINO . The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "fillius primi Ezelini…primo filliam unicam Cunizam" and "secundo fillium Ezzelinum" as the children of "dominus Ezelinus de Romano qui dictus est Balbus", specifying that the second son named Ezzelino became a monk at the end of his life[1234]. Monk.

Ezzelino & his second wife had two children:

3. ZAMPONA (-after 2 Oct 1192). The testament of "Dña Speronella" is dated 2 Oct 1192 and bequeathes property to "Zamponam filiam meam…in dotem cum ipsa accepit Albertum de Baone in virum", requests "filius meus Jacobus" to make donations on reaching the age of 25[1235]. m ALBERTO di Baone, son of ---.

4. GIACOPO (after 1167-after 2 Oct 1192). The testament of "Dña Speronella" is dated 2 Oct 1192 and bequeathes property to "Zamponam filiam meam…in dotem cum ipsa accepit Albertum de Baone in virum", requests "filius meus Jacobus" to make donations on reaching the age of 25[1236].

ALBERIGO da Romano, son of EZZELINO [II] da Romano & his second wife Aleida di Mangono (-killed San Zeno 1260). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Albricum" as fifth child of "Ezelino secundo" & his second wife[1237]. The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam names "frater istius Albrici, domnus Icilinus"[1238]. "Dñus Albricus filius dñi Ecelini de Romano" confirmed the sale of property made by "frater eius Ecelinus" by charter dated 3 Nov 1221[1239]. "Dñus Ecelinus de Romano" divided his property between "Ecelini et Alberici filiorum eius" by charter dated 5 Jul 1223[1240]. "Dñus Albericus de Romano" was made Podestà di Vicenza by charter dated 28 Jun 1227[1241]. The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano" made peace with "domni Icerim eius fratris" in 1257, returned "civitatem et castra Tervisii", and gave "tres filios suos" as security[1242]. The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano cum uxore et filiis filiabusque suis" returned to "castro Sancti Zenonis districtus Tervisii" in 1260 but was captured and killed with his wife and children by "Messæ de Porcillis"[1243]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "Albricus et 6 eiusdem filii: Iohannes et Albricus, Romanus et Ugelinus, Ecelinus et Tornalsce" were killed[1244].

m firstly (20 Apr 1222) BEATRICE, daughter of ---. The Annales Veronenses Antiqui record the marriage "die X exeunte aprili" in 1222 of "dominus Albericus de Romano", adding that he was "cum ea in domo comitisse Sofye"[1245]. The reference in the Annales S. Iustinæ Patavino, which records the marriage of "filiam unicam Albrici" in May 1239[1246], suggests that this daughter must have been considerably older than her supposed half-brothers and sisters and therefore born from this first marriage. The Gerardi Maurisii Historia names "Beatrix" as the wife of Alberigo da Romano[1247].

m secondly --- (-killed San Zeno 1260). The name of Alberigo's second wife is not known. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "Albricus…due…eius filie atque ipsius uxor" died in the fire at the castle of San Zeno[1248].

Alberigo & his first wife had one child:

1. ADELASIA da Romano (-1251). The Annales Veronenses record the marriage in 1233 of "Rainaldum marchionem Estensem" and "filiam domni Albrici de Romano"[1249]. The Annales S. Iustinæ Patavino record that "filium unicum marchionis" married "filiam unicam Albrici" in May 1239[1250]. The Gerardi Maurisii Historia records that "Rainaldus filius marchionis Bonifacii" married "dominam Adeletam filiam domini Alberici de Romano" when he was not yet 12 years old[1251]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "principem Rainaldum" married "Albericus…filiam Aledeitam" against the wishes of her uncle Ezzelino[1252]. Hostage of Emperor Friedrich [II] 1238 to 1251. m (1233 or May 1239) RINALDO [I] d'Este, son of AZZO [VII] Marchese d'Este & his first wife Giovanna --- (shortly after 1221-Apulia [1251]).

Alberigo & his second wife had eight children:

2. GIOVANNI (-killed San Zeno 1260). A charter dated 13 Dec 1252 names "Dño Alberico de Romano…et filiis ipsius dñi Alberici…Joanni, Albrico, Romano et Ugolino" when recording oaths of fidelity sworn to them[1253]. [The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano" made peace with "domni Icerim eius fratris" in 1257, returned "civitatem et castra Tervisii", and gave "tres filios suos" as security[1254], although the names of the sons in question are not known.] The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano cum uxore et filiis filiabusque suis" returned to "castro Sancti Zenonis districtus Tervisii" in 1260 but was captured and killed with his wife and children by "Messæ de Porcillis"[1255]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "Albricus et 6 eiusdem filii: Iohannes et Albricus, Romanus et Ugelinus, Ecelinus et Tornalsce" were killed[1256].

3. ALBERIGO (-killed San Zeno 1260). A charter dated 13 Dec 1252 names "Dño Alberico de Romano…et filiis ipsius dñi Alberici…Joanni, Albrico, Romano et Ugolino" when recording oaths of fidelity sworn to them[1257]. [The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano" made peace with "domni Icerim eius fratris" in 1257, returned "civitatem et castra Tervisii", and gave "tres filios suos" as security[1258], although the names of the sons in question are not known.] The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano cum uxore et filiis filiabusque suis" returned to "castro Sancti Zenonis districtus Tervisii" in 1260 but was captured and killed with his wife and children by "Messæ de Porcillis"[1259]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "Albricus et 6 eiusdem filii: Iohannes et Albricus, Romanus et Ugelinus, Ecelinus et Tornalsce" were killed[1260].

4. ROMANO (-killed San Zeno 1260). A charter dated 13 Dec 1252 names "Dño Alberico de Romano…et filiis ipsius dñi Alberici…Joanni, Albrico, Romano et Ugolino" when recording oaths of fidelity sworn to them[1261]. [The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano" made peace with "domni Icerim eius fratris" in 1257, returned "civitatem et castra Tervisii", and gave "tres filios suos" as security[1262], although the names of the sons in question are not known.] The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano cum uxore et filiis filiabusque suis" returned to "castro Sancti Zenonis districtus Tervisii" in 1260 but was captured and killed with his wife and children by "Messæ de Porcillis"[1263]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "Albricus et 6 eiusdem filii: Iohannes et Albricus, Romanus et Ugelinus, Ecelinus et Tornalsce" were killed[1264].

5. UGOLINO (-killed San Zeno 1260). A charter dated 13 Dec 1252 names "Dño Alberico de Romano…et filiis ipsius dñi Alberici…Joanni, Albrico, Romano et Ugolino" when recording oaths of fidelity sworn to them[1265]. The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano cum uxore et filiis filiabusque suis" returned to "castro Sancti Zenonis districtus Tervisii" in 1260 but was captured and killed with his wife and children by "Messæ de Porcillis"[1266]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "Albricus et 6 eiusdem filii: Iohannes et Albricus, Romanus et Ugelinus, Ecelinus et Tornalsce" were killed[1267].

6. EZZELINO (-killed San Zeno 1260). The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano cum uxore et filiis filiabusque suis" returned to "castro Sancti Zenonis districtus Tervisii" in 1260 but was captured and killed with his wife and children by "Messæ de Porcillis"[1268]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "Albricus et 6 eiusdem filii: Iohannes et Albricus, Romanus et Ugelinus, Ecelinus et Tornalsce" were killed[1269].

7. TORNALSCE (-killed San Zeno 1260). The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano cum uxore et filiis filiabusque suis" returned to "castro Sancti Zenonis districtus Tervisii" in 1260 but was captured and killed with his wife and children by "Messæ de Porcillis"[1270]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "Albricus et 6 eiusdem filii: Iohannes et Albricus, Romanus et Ugelinus, Ecelinus et Tornalsce" were killed[1271].

8. two daughters (-killed San Zeno 1260). The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Albricus de Romano cum uxore et filiis filiabusque suis" returned to "castro Sancti Zenonis districtus Tervisii" in 1260 but was captured and killed with his wife and children by "Messæ de Porcillis"[1272]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "Albricus…due…eius filie atque ipsius uxor" died in the fire at the castle of San Zeno[1273].

C. CONTI di VERONA

Isolated references to counts in Verona, normally referred to by the title "conte di San Bonifazio", have been identified in primary sources during the 12th century. These references are insufficient to establish an unbroken line of succession or reconstruct their family relationship with certainty. From the early 13th century, the sources record successive consuls in Verona (normally with the title potestas), holding office for a single year, as in other northern Italian cities like Mantua and Padua. The date when consuls were first appointed in Verona has not yet been identified. The process of change is hinted at by the Annales S. Iustinæ Patavino which record that "Azo marchio Estensis" took control of Verona in 1207 with the consent of "comitis…Sancti Bonifacii et Monticulorum"[1274]. This suggests that the count had been the main governing authority in Verona, that he had found his authority diminished by the succession of consuls, and that he invited his more powerful neighbour to take control in order to limit the power of the local consuls. If this was the plan, it does not appear to have worked out as intended. The sources still show a succession of consuls during the first half of the 13th century, with the ruling marchese d’Este occasionally filling the post but by no means controlling the city. The sources also show continued conflict with the counts, who were presumably still dissatisfied with how the city was governed, until they were finally expelled in the 1260s. Coinciding with this expulsion, the della Scala family emerged as the leading family in Verona.

1. MARCO "Regulo" (-1142). Conte di San Bonifazio. The Annales Veronenses record the death in 1142 of "Marcus Regulus comes Sancti Bonifacii"[1275]. The Annales Veronenses Antiqui record the death in 1142 of "Comes Malregulatus"[1276]. m ---. The name of Marco’s wife is not known. Marco & his wife had one child:

a) BONIFAZIO (-Antioch 1170). Conte di San Bonifazio. "Bonifacius comes Veronensis filius olim comitis Malregolati" swore allegiance to Emperor Friedrich I for property "in villa S. Bonifacii, in villa et castro Soavi…" by charter dated 7 Feb 1164, signed by "Obizo et Bonifacius marchiones Estenses, Vezolus de Camino, Yzelinus de Honara…"[1277]. Podestà di Verona 1169. The Annales Veronenses Antiqui record "comes Bonifacius Malregulati filius" as "potestas Verone" in 1169 and his death "in sequenti anno Antiochie"[1278]. The Annales Veronenses record the death in 1170 of "Bonifacius comes filius comitis Malregulati…in Antiochia"[1279].

2. CORRADO (-killed 1177). The Annales Veronenses record that "comes Conradinus" was killed "X Kal Apr" in 1177[1280].

3. ALESSANDRO [Sauro/Sancho] (-killed 13 May 1184 or 1189). The Ricciardi Comitis Sancti Bonifacii Vita records that "Ceresius Monticulus" killed "Alexandrum comitem San Bonifacium avunculum suum" in 1184 "III Id Mai"[1281]. The Annales Veronenses record that "comes Saurus" was killed "III Id Mai" in 1189[1282]. m ---. The name of Sauro’s wife is not known. Sauro & his wife had one child:

a) BONIFAZIO (-Nov 1212). Conte di Verona. The Annales Veronenses record that "Bonifacius comes filius Sancii de Sancto Bonifacii" fought "cum Monticulis" in 1206[1283]. The Annales S. Iustinæ Patavino record that "Azo marchio Estensis" took control of Verona in 1207 with the consent of "comitis…Sancti Bonifacii et Monticulorum"[1284]. The significance of this move is discussed in the introduction to the present sub-chapter. A charter dated 28 Aug 1207 records an alliance between the people of Mantua and "domino Azone marchione Estense et comite Bonifacio de Verona" both of whom promised to defend Mantua[1285]. "Dominus Marchio...[et] comes Bonifacius potestas Verone" consented to the agreement between Mantua and Verona concerning Valleggio, by charter dated 5 Jun 1208[1286]. The Annales Veronenses record that "comes Bonifacius cum Veronensibus" captured "castrum Orsamo" in 1209[1287]. The Annales Mantuani record the death in Nov 1212 of "comes Bonefatius"[1288]. The Annales Veronenses Antiqui record the deaths in 1212 of "Aço marchio et comes Bonifacius"[1289]. m [SOFIA, daughter of --- (-after Apr 1222). The Annales Veronenses Antiqui record the marriage "die X exeunte aprili" in 1222 of "dominus Albericus de Romano", adding that he was "cum ea in domo comitisse Sofye"[1290]. The source gives no indication of Sofia’s husband or family but it is possible that she was the widow of Conte Bonifazio.]

1. GRIMERIO (-after 1178). Podestà di Verona 1178. The Annales Veronenses Antiqui record "Grimerius" as "potestas Verone" in 1178[1291].

1. GILIO . Conte di Cortenuova. A charter dated 1202 refers to "tempore domini Zilii comitis Curtis nove Veronensis potestatis"[1292].

2. LODOVICO (-[1212]). The Ricciardi Comitis Sancti Bonifacii Vita records the death of "Ludovicus S. Bonifacius", dated to 1212 from the context[1293]. m ---. The name of Lodovico’s wife is not known. Lodovico & his wife had one child:

a) RICCIARDO (-Brixen Feb [1252 or 1253]). The Ricciardi Comitis Sancti Bonifacii Vita records that "Ricciardi Ludovici S. Bonifacii filii…tunc pene imberbis…adolescentis" fought in Verona in 1205[1294]. Conte di Verona. A charter dated 10 Apr 1225 records the peace agreement between Mantua and Reggio and names "Rizardi comitis, potestatis Mantuæ"[1295]. The Annales Mantuani record "Rizardus comes de Verona" as potestas of Mantua in 1225, adding that he was expelled from Verona and replaced by "Leo de Carceribus" as potestas of Verona[1296]. The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Leo a Carceribus…capitaneus Veronæ" fought "Rizardum comitem Sancti Bonifacii" in 1226[1297]. The Annales Mantuani record "Rizardus comes de Sancto Bonifatio" as potestas of Mantua in 1237, adding that during his time Mantua signed peace with the emperor, and Padua "cum tota Marchia" was captured from the emperor[1298]. A later passage in the same source records that "comes Rizardus" completed the year as potestas of Mantua in 1246 after "Raynerius Zengolus de Tuscia" was expelled[1299]. The Annales Veronenses record the death in Feb 1253 of "Rizardus comes Sancti Bonifacii…in civitate Brixiæ in domo fratrum Prædicatorum"[1300]. The Annales S. Iustinæ Patavino record the death in Feb 1252 of "Ricardus comes Sancti Bonifacii"[1301]. m [firstly] (separated) as her first husband, CUNIZA de Romano, daughter of EZZELINO [II] da Romano & his second wife Aleida di Mangono. The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "dominam Cunizam" as sixth child of "Ezelino secundo" & his second wife, specifying that she married "Rizardi de Sancto Bonifatio"[1302]. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that she was taken from her husband by "Sordellus" and, after he was expelled by her brother, became the mistress of "miles…Bonius de Tarvisio" who was killed, after which she married secondly "dompno Naimono de Bragancio", marrying for a third time "in Verona" after her second husband died (and after the death of her brother Ezzelino)[1303]. [m secondly ---. No direct indication of this supposed second marriage has been found. However, the difference in age between Rizzardo’s two known sons suggests that they were born from different mothers.] Ricciardo & his [first] wife had one child:

i) LEOISIO (-[1243/52]). The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino records that "Leoisius filius comitis Rizardi…nepoti suo" defended "castrum Sancti Bonifacii" against Ezzelino da Romano in 1243[1304]. This passage confirms the identity of his mother. The same event is recorded in the Ricciardi Comitis Sancti Bonifacii Vita which refers to "Bonifacium Ricciardi filium"[1305].

Ricciardo & his [second] wife had one child:

ii) LODOVICO ([1240/45]-after 14 Sep 1263). The Annales S. Iustinæ Patavino record that "Ricardus comes Sancti Bonifacii" left "unicum filium parvulum…Lodovicum" when he died in Feb 1252[1306]. The indication "parvulum" suggests that Lodovico could not have been the same son as "Leoisius" who was recorded in 1243. It is assumed that Lodovico could not have been born much later than 1245 bearing in mind the sources in which he is named in 1259 which give no indication that he was under age at the time. Conte di Verona. "Dominus Azo…Estensis et Anconitanus marchio et dominos Lodoycus comes Veronensis et dominus Catelanus domini Guidonis domine Hostie potestas Mantue" agreed peace by charter dated 10 May 1259[1307]. A charter dated 24 May 1259 names "Dominus Lodoycus natus condam domini Ricardi comitis Verone"[1308]. A charter dated 11 Jun 1259 records an alliance between "dominum Ubertum marchionem Pellavicinum dominum et potestatem Cremone…dominum Açonem…Estensem et Anconitanum marchionem et…dominum Lodycum comitem Verone"[1309]. A charter dated 4 Feb 1265 records an agreement between "Albertus Cacinimici…potestas Mantue" and "dominos marchionem Estensem et Anconitanum dominum Obiçonem et Lodoycum comitem Verone et potestates Ferrarie et Mantue"[1310]. The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Ludovicus comes Sancti Bonifacii" was expelled from Verona 14 Sep 1263 and never returned[1311]. This expulsion was evidently not an isolated example of difficulties between Conte Lodovico and the town of Verona, as the Annales Mantuani record "comes Ludovicus" "returned" in 1259, and was expelled in 1260[1312].

D. SIGNORI di VERONA (della SCALA)

The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Mastinus de la Scala" was appointed "capitaneus totius populi civitatis Veronæ" (a new position) in 1262[1313]. The precise date when consuls ceased to be appointed in Verona has not yet been identified, but by the end of the 13th century, rule of Verona had become hereditary in the della Scala family. During the early 14th century, the family’s influence spread to other parts of northern Italy, at one point rivalling the domination of the Visconti family in the Milan area: the Annales Mediolanenses record that "duo filii quondam Albuini de la Scala" were lords over nine cities "Verona, Vicentia, Tarvisio, Parma, Luca, Brixia, Padua, Montefeltro et in civitate Belluni" in 1336 and were in alliance with the Este family[1314]. The della Scala family remained as "lords" of Verona until the late 14th century, when the last of the line, Antonio della Scala, was expelled in 1387 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti Lord of Milan who assumed the lordship of the city. The family never assumed the comital title.

Two brothers:

1. FEDERIGO della Scala . The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Icerinus de Romano" and others captured "Fredericum et Bonifacium fratres de la Scala, Boninsigna de Clavica socerum dicti Fredericum de la Scala…" in 1257[1315]. m --- de Clavica, daughter of BONINSIGNA de Clavica & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Annales Veronenses which record that "domnus Icerinus de Romano" and others captured "Fredericum et Bonifacium fratres de la Scala, Boninsigna de Clavica socerum dicti Fredericum de la Scala…" in 1257[1316].

2. BONIFAZIO Della Scala . The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Icerinus de Romano" and others captured "Fredericum et Bonifacium fratres de la Scala, Boninsigna de Clavica socerum dicti Fredericum de la Scala…" in 1257[1317].

Three brothers:

1. MASTINO della Scala (-killed Verona 17 Oct 1277). The Annales Mediolanenses record that "fratres tres carnales…Mastinus…Bocha…Albertus" established themselves as leaders in Verona after the death of Ezzelino da Romano[1318]. The Annales Veronenses record that "domnus Mastinus de la Scala" first became "dominum civitatis Veronæ" in 1259 and was created "capitaneus totius populi civitatis Veronæ" in 1262[1319]. "Dominus Mastinus de Scalis potestas populi Verone" agreed peace with Mantua by charter dated 28 Nov 1259[1320]. "…Domino Mastino de la Scala…" was named as one of the representatives of Verona in a charter dated 5 Sep 1272 which records another peace agreement with Mantua[1321]. The Annales Veronenses record that "Mastinus de la Scala" was killed by the Veronese 17 Oct 1277[1322]. m ---. The name of Mastino’s wife is not known. Mastino & his wife had one child:

a) NICCOLO della Scala . The Annales Mediolanenses name "Nicolaum" as son of "Mastinus"[1323].

2. BOCHO della Scala . The Annales Mediolanenses record that "fratres tres carnales…Mastinus…Bocha…Albertus" established themselves as leaders in Verona after the death of Ezzelino da Romano[1324]. m ---. The name of Bocho’s wife is not known. Bocho & his wife had one child:

a) PICARDO della Scala . The Annales Mediolanenses name "Picardum" as son of "Boche"[1325].

3. ALBERTO della Scala (-1301). The Annales Mediolanenses record that "fratres tres carnales…Mastinus…Bocha…Albertus" established themselves as leaders in Verona after the death of Ezzelino da Romano, adding that Alberto was appointed Podestà of Mantua[1326]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Albertus de la Scala primus, frater…Domini Mastini primi" succeeded his brother "in dominio civitatis Veronæ"[1327]. The Annales Mantuani name "domnus Albertus de la Schala de Verona" as potestas in Mantua in 1275 and 1277[1328]. "Dominus Albertus de la Scala Mantue potestatis…" is named in a charter dated 31 Oct [1275] which records an agreement with the commune of Verona[1329]. "Domino Alberto de la Scala populi Veronensis capitaneo generali…" is named in a charter dated 5 May 1291 which records another agreement with Mantua[1330]. Verona was represented by "Alberti de la Scala eiusque filii Bartolamei, capitaneorum generalium" in a charter dated 27 May 1293 which records another agreement with Mantua[1331]. m VERDE di Salizzole, daughter of ---. A charter dated 8 Dec 1297 names "dominam Viridem uxorem…domini Alberti de la Scala"[1332]. Alberto & his wife had children:

a) COSTANZA della Scala (-Mantua after 27 Apr 1306). The Chronicon Estense records the marriage in Jul 1289 of "dominus marchio Obizo Estensis" and "filiam…domini Alberti de la Scala"[1333]. The marriage contract between "domini Alberti de la Scala…dominam Constanciam suam filiam" and "domino Obiçoni Estensi et Anconitano marchioni" is dated 28 Jul 1289[1334]. The marriage contract between "dominus Guido dictus Botexela de Bonacolsis, Mantue capitaneus generalis" and "domino Alberto de la Scala, Verone capitaneo generali…domine Constantie eius filie [olim uxoris marchionis Estensis]" is dated 19 Jul 1299[1335]. "Domina Constantia filia quondam…domini Alberti de la Scala et uxor…domini Guidonis de Bonacosis" granted property to her husband by charter dated 27 Apr 1306[1336]. m firstly (contract 28 Jul 1289) as his second wife, OBIZZO Marchese d’Este, illegitimate son of RINALDO [I] d'Este & his mistress --- ([1247]-13 Feb 1293, bur Ferrara Franciscans). m secondly (contract 19 Jul 1299) GUIDO Botticella di Bonaccolai, son of ---.

b) BARTOLOMEO della Scala (-1304). The Annales Mediolanenses names "Bartholomæum, Albuinem et Canem" as the three sons of Alberto[1337]. Verona was represented by "Alberti de la Scala eiusque filii Bartolamei, capitaneorum generalium" in a charter dated 27 May 1293 which records another agreement with Mantua[1338]. m (30 Sep 1291) COSTANZA dette Antiochette, daughter of CORRADO di Antiochia Conte di Alba [Hohenstaufen] & his wife Beatrice Lancia. Bartolomeo & his wife had one child:

i) CECCHINO della Scala (-1325). The Annales Mediolanenses name "Cichum" as son of Bartolomeo[1339]. m firstly AGNESE Visconti, daughter of MATTEO [I] Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Annales Mediolanenses which name "Cichum generum Matthæi Vicecomitis"[1340]. m secondly GAJA, daughter of GUCCELLO di Camino & his wife ---.

c) ALBOINO [I] della Scala (Verona [1284]-Verona 28 Oct 1311). The Annales Mediolanenses names "Bartholomæum, Albuinem et Canem" as the three sons of Alberto[1341]. Podestà of Verona 1304.

- see below.

d) CANGRANDE [I] (-Treviso 22 Jul 1329, bur Verona, Santa Maria Antica). The Annales Mediolanenses names "Bartholomæum, Albuinem et Canem" as the three sons of Alberto[1342]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Cangrandis de la Scala primus frater…Domini Alboini" succeeded his brother "in dominio"[1343]. He succeeded in 1311 as Lord of Verona. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records "Canis de la Scala Veronensis et vicarius imperialis" subjugating "plures civitates Lombardiæ et marchiæ Tarvisinæ" during the lifes of "Domini Matthæi Vicecomitis…et…Domini Galeazii", adding that he had no legitimate children and had appointed "Dominos Albertum et Mastinum nepotes suos de la Scala" as his heirs[1344]. Lord of Belluno 1311. Lord of Treviso 1329. m (1308) GIOVANNA, daughter of CORRADO di Antiochia Conte di Alba [Hohenstaufen] & his wife Beatrice Lancia (-Verona 29 Dec 1351).

1. NICCOLÒ della Scala (-after 1292). The Annales Mantuani name "domnus Nicolaus de la Schala" as potestas in Mantua in 1292[1345].

ALBOINO [I] della Scala, son of ALBERTO [I] della Scala & his wife Verde di Salizzolo (Verona [1284]-Verona 28 Oct 1311). The Annales Mediolanenses names "Bartholomæum, Albuinem et Canem" as the three sons of Alberto[1346]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Alboinus de la Scala frater…Domini Bartholomoæi" succeeded his brother "in dominio…civitatis Veronæ"[1347].

m firstly (1291) CATERINA Visconti, daughter of MATTEO [I] Visconti Signore di Milano & his wife Violanta Borri. The Annales Mediolanenses record the marriage in 1291 of "Catherina filia Matthæi Vicecomitis" and "Albuino de la Scala"[1348]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by an earlier passage in the Annales Mediolanenses which name "Albuinus…gener Matthæi Vicecomitis"[1349].

m secondly BEATRICE di Corregio, daughter of GIBERTO di Corregio & his wife ---. The Annales Mediolanenses records that "Albuinus" married secondly "filiam Giberti de Corrigia"[1350].

Alboino [I] & his second wife had two children:

1. ALBERTO [II] (-1352). The Annales Mediolanenses names "Mastinum et Albertum" as the two sons of "Albuinus" and his second wife "filiam Giberti de Corrigia"[1351]. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Canis de la Scala Veronensis et vicarius imperialis" appointed "Dominos Albertum et Mastinum nepotes suos de la Scala" as his heirs[1352]. Signore di Verona. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records the death in 1352 of "Dominus Albertus"[1353]. m AGNES, [illegitimate daughter of HEINRICH Graf von Görz & his mistress ---].

2. MASTINO [II] (-1351). The Annales Mediolanenses names "Mastinum et Albertum" as the two sons of "Albuinus" and his second wife "filiam Giberti de Corrigia"[1354]. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Canis de la Scala Veronensis et vicarius imperialis" appointed "Dominos Albertum et Mastinum nepotes suos de la Scala" as his heirs[1355]. Signore di Verona. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records the death in 1351 of "Dominus Mastinus"[1356]. m TADDEA da Carrara, daughter of GIACOPO da Carrara Signore de Padova & his [wife Lieta di Montemerlo]. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "uxor Domini Mastini" was "ex…Dominis [de Carraria]"[1357]. The Chronicon Patavinum names "Domina Thaddaea olim filia domini Jacobi Magni de Carraria" as mother of "Mastinus de la Scala…filios…Dominum Canem Grandem, Canem Signorem et Paulum Alboinum"[1358]. Mastino [II] & his wife had five children:

a) CANGRANDE [II] (-murdered Verona 14 Dec 1359, bur Verona Santa Maria Antica). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario names "Canem Canem, Canem Signorem et Canem Alboinum" as the three sons of "Domini Mastini" and his wife[1359]. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records the circumstances of the death of "Domini Canis primogeniti"[1360]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Cangrandis" was killed "in Verona prope ecclesiam S. Euphemiæ apud ripam Aricis" in 1359 by "Dominum Cansegnorium fratrem suum"[1361]. m (Verona 22 Nov 1350) as her first husband, ELISABETH von Bayern, daughter of Emperor LUDWIG IV King of Germany, Duke of Bavaria Pfalzgraf bei Rhein & his second wife Marguerite de Hainaut [Avesnes] Ctss de Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland (1329-Stuttgart 2 Aug 1402, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Domini Canis primogeniti" married "Domino Ludovico tunc Imperatore…filiam suam nomine Imperatricem", adding that they had "unica proles…fœmina"[1362]. The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records that "aliam…filiam [Ludewici]" married "filius Canis dominus Verone", dated to 1350 from the context[1363]. The Chronicle of Matthias Nueweburgensis (Continuatio) records that "filio Mastini Veronensis" married "Ludewicus…sororem, quondam Ludewici principis filiam"[1364]. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Canemsignorium" proposed to marry "Dominam cognatam viduam" after the death of her husband but that she refused[1365]. She married secondly (contract Donauwörth 26 Apr 1362, Stuttgart 1362) Ulrich Erbgraf von Württemberg. The Chronicon Wirtembergense records the marriage in 1367 of “Udalricus comes de Wirtemberg frater Eberhardi [mistake]” and “Elisabeth filiam Ludovici ducis Bavariæ, relictis Scaligeri Veronensis principis”[1366]. Cangrande [II] & his wife had one child:

i) daughter . The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Domini Canis primogeniti" married "Domino Ludovico tunc Imperatore…filiam suam nomine Imperatricem", adding that they had "unica proles…fœmina"[1367].

Cangrande [II] had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

ii) GUGLIELMO (-18 Apr 1404). m ---. Guglielmo & his wife had two children:

(a) BRUNORO (-Vienna 21 Nov 1437). Reichsfürst 1434. m (1427) ANNA von Görz, daughter of HEINRICH V Graf von Görz & his first wife Elisabeth of Celje.

(b) PAUL von der Leiter (-[20 May 1438/7 Jan 1441]).

- von der LEITER[1368].

b) CANSIGNORIO (-1375). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario names "Canem Canem, Canem Signorem et Canem Alboinum" as the three sons of "Domini Mastini" and his wife[1369]. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario names "Domini Canis et Albuinus fratres, filii quondam Domini Mastini de la Scala" when recording that they became "Domini Veronæ et Vicentiæ" on the death of "Domini Canis eorum fratris primogeniti"[1370]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records the death in 1375 from natural causes of "Dominus Cansegnorius de la Scala" just after ordering the death in prison of "Dominum Paulum Albuinum fratrem suum"[1371]. m (1363) as her first husband, AGNES di Durazzo, daughter of CHARLES di Durazzo Duke of Durazzo & his wife Marie of Sicily (1345-Naples 15 Jul 1388, bur Naples, Santa Chiara). She married secondly (1382) Jacques de Baux Principe di Tarento. Cansignorio had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

i) BARTOLOMEO (-murdered [20] Jul 1381). Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Cansegnorius de la Scala" ordered the death of his brother to ensure the succession of "filii eius naturales…Domini Bartholomæus et Antonius"[1372]. Signore di Verona. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Bernabos Vicecomes" declared war against "Dominis Barthololomæo et Antonio de la Scala Dominis Veronæ filiis naturalibus quondam Cansegnoris filii legitimi quondam Domini Mastini" in Apr 1378, claiming the right of succession in Verona through his wife in default of legitimate heirs in the della Scala family[1373]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Antonius" had "Dominum Barthololomæum eius fratrem" killed in Jul 1381 "circa festum S. Margaritæ"[1374].

ii) ANTONIO della Scala (-Romandiola [1387/88], bur Ravenna). Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Cansegnorius de la Scala" ordered the death of his brother to ensure the succession of "filii eius naturales…Domini Bartholomæus et Antonius"[1375]. Signore di Verona. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Bernabos Vicecomes" declared war against "Dominis Barthololomæo et Antonio de la Scala Dominis Veronæ filiis naturalibus quondam Cansegnoris filii legitimi quondam Domini Mastini" in Apr 1378, claiming the right of succession in Verona through his wife in default of legitimate heirs in the della Scala family[1376]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Antonius de la Scala Dominus Veronæ et Vincentiæ" waged war on "Dominum Franciscum de Carraria Dominum civitatis Paduæ", subsidised by the Venetians, in 1385, adding that the war lasted two years and was joined by Milan in 1387 when Antonio was expelled from Verona which was conquered by "Dominus comes Virtutum"[1377]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Antonius de la Scala" died "in quadam villula Romandiolæ" and was buried in Ravenna[1378]. m SAMARITANA da Polenta, daughter of --- di Polenta Signore di Ravenna & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Annales Mediolanenses which record that "Dominus Ravennæ eius socer" arranged the burial of "Dominus Antonius" in Ravenna[1379]. Antonio & his wife had two children:

(a) CANFRANCESCO (-after 1397). "Princeps…et…dominus Johannes Galeaz Dux Mediolani…Papie, Anglerieque ac Virtutum comes", in his testament dated 1397, bequeathed property to "dominus Ludovicus et dominus Maximus filius quondam…d. Bernabovis eorumque descendentes…Camfranciscus filius quondam domini Antonii della Scala…et a dicto eius primogenito"[1380].

(b) CLEOFA della Scala . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m GIANMASTINO Visconti , son of BERNABÒ Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Beatrice "Regina" della Scala (Mar 1377-Bergamo 19 Jun 1405).

c) ALBUINO (-murdered 1375). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario names "Canem Canem, Canem Signorem et Canem Alboinum" as the three sons of "Domini Mastini" and his wife[1381]. The Chronicon of Pietro Azario names "Domini Canis et Albuinus fratres, filii quondam Domini Mastini de la Scala" when recording that they became "Domini Veronæ et Vicentiæ" on the death of "Domini Canis eorum fratris primogeniti"[1382]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Pauli Albuini fratris dicti Domini Cansegnoris" killed their brother "Domini Canisgrandis"[1383]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "Dominus Cansegnorius" imprisoned "Dominum Paulum Albuinum fratrem suum" in 1365[1384]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records the death in 1375 from natural causes of "Dominus Cansegnorius de la Scala" just after ordering the death in prison of "Dominum Paulum Albuinum fratrem suum"[1385].

d) BEATRICE "Regina" (Verona [1331]-Milan 18 Jun 1384, bur Milano). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Barnobovi" married "Dominam Reginam filiam quondam Domini Mastini de la Scala"[1386]. The Annales Mediolanenses record that "Dominus Archiepiscopus" arranged the marriage of "Domino Barnabovi" and "Dominam Reginam de la Scala filiam Domini Mastini" after recalling him from exile[1387]. She acquired her nickname because of her haughty disposition[1388]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records the death "in civitate Mediolani" in 1383 of "Domina Regina uxor…Domini Bernabovis Vicecomitis, filia quondam Domini Mastini de la Scala Domini Veronæ et Vicentiæ" who built "ecclesiam S. Mariæ de la Scala Mediolani"[1389]. The Annales Mediolanenses record the death 18 Jun 1383 in Milan of "Domina Regina de la Scala uxor Domini Bernabovis" and the epitaph of "Regina Beatrix"[1390]. m (1350) BERNABÒ Visconti Lord of Milan, son of STEFANO Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Valentina Doria ([1322/23]-poisoned Castillo di Trezzo 18 Dec 1385, bur Milan).

e) VERDE (-1393 or after). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Domini Canis et Albuinus fratres, filii quondam Domini Mastini de la Scala…sororem" married "Domino Nicolao Domino civitatem Ferrariæ et Mutinæ", dated to 1362 in a later passage[1391]. Her name is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Jun 1377 from "domini Ludovici de Gonzaga" which names his wife "domina Alda" and her brother "dominus Marchio" and "domina Verde consorte ipsius"[1392]. m (Feb 1363) NICCOLÒ d’Este Signor di Ferrara, legitimated son of OBIZZO III Marchese d'Este Signor di Ferrara e Modena & his second wife Lippa Ariosto (Ferrara 17 May 1338-Ferrara 26 Mar 1388).

Mastino [II] had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

f) FREGNANO (-killed 1352). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Dominus Mastinus…tribus Canibus filiis suis" had "Frignanum fratrem naturalem"[1393]. Giovanni di Musso’s Chronicon Placentinum records that "eius frater naturalis…Fregnanus" usurped the lordship of Verona from Cangrande in 1352, with help from "illorum de Gonzaga Dominorum Mantuæ", but was defeated and killed in battle by his brother[1394].

Chapter 8. OTHER NORTHERN ITALIAN NOBLES, Unallocated

1. ILDEBRANDO (-after 1 Dec 1130). m BERTA, daughter of --- (-after 1 Dec 1130). “Berta mulier Ildebrandi comitis” signed a charter dated 1 Dec 1130 relating to “castello et Pogio…Monte Summano”, signed by “Guidi qui Borgognone vocatur, filio…Ildebrandi comitis”[1395]. Ildebrando & his wife had one child:

a) GUIDO Borgignone (-after 1 Dec 1130). “Berta mulier Ildebrandi comitis” signed a charter dated 1 Dec 1130 relating to “castello et Pogio…Monte Summano”, signed by “Guidi qui Borgognone vocatur, filio…Ildebrandi comitis”[1396]. m ---. The name of Guido’s wife is not known. Guido & his wife had one child:

i) RODOLFO (-after 1207). The Book of Statutes of Treviso dated 1207 names "Rodulfo comitis Widonis Borgognonis filio civitatis Tarvisii potestati" and "Ecelini de Romano…"[1397].

2. RANIERO (-after 1171). The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "comes Ildebrandinus miles signifier et capitaneus…[et] comes Albertus de Prata…comes Gerardus…et Rainerius comes et Ugo comes et comes Tedicius de Bizerno, et Uguicio et Tegrimus comites de Cornino" supported the Pisans in their war against Lucca in 1171[1398].

3. UGO (-after 23 May 1133). "Ugo comes" donated property "in Bassano" to the monastery of Santa Cruce di Campesio, for the soul of "uxoris mee Gisle", by charter dated 23 May 1133[1399]. m GISELA, daughter of --- (-after 23 May 1133). "Ugo comes" donated property "in Bassano" to the monastery of Santa Cruce di Campesio, for the soul of "uxoris mee Gisle", by charter dated 23 May 1133[1400].

4. UGO (-after 1171). The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "comes Ildebrandinus miles signifier et capitaneus…[et] comes Albertus de Prata…comes Gerardus…et Rainerius comes et Ugo comes et comes Tedicius de Bizerno, et Uguicio et Tegrimus comites de Cornino" supported the Pisans in their war against Lucca in 1171[1401].

Four siblings:

1. UGOLINO (-after 28 Mar 1218). Conte di Cesano. "Dño Ugulino, Bartholomeo, Vendramino fratribus de Cesana et Roberto eorum nepote simul consortibus comitatus Cesane" sold "comitatus Cesane…unam medietatem" to "dñi Ezzelini" by charter dated 28 Mar 1218[1402].

2. BARTOLOMEO (-after 28 Mar 1218). Conte di Cesano. "Dño Ugulino, Bartholomeo, Vendramino fratribus de Cesana et Roberto eorum nepote simul consortibus comitatus Cesane" sold "comitatus Cesane…unam medietatem" to "dñi Ezzelini" by charter dated 28 Mar 1218[1403].

3. VENDRAMINO (-after 28 Mar 1218). Conte di Cesano. "Dño Ugulino, Bartholomeo, Vendramino fratribus de Cesana et Roberto eorum nepote simul consortibus comitatus Cesane" sold "comitatus Cesane…unam medietatem" to "dñi Ezzelini" by charter dated 28 Mar 1218[1404].

4. --- . m ---. One child:

a) ROBERTO (-after 28 Mar 1218). Conte di Cesano. "Dño Ugulino, Bartholomeo, Vendramino fratribus de Cesana et Roberto eorum nepote simul consortibus comitatus Cesane" sold "comitatus Cesane…unam medietatem" to "dñi Ezzelini" by charter dated 28 Mar 1218[1405].

[1] Tonini, L. (1842) Rimini nel secolo XIII (Rimini), Vol. 3, Documenti, 492, p. 492.

[2] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XLVIII, p. 450.

[3] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, LXVII, p. 492.

[4] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, LXVII, p. 492.

[5] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XCVI, p. 535.

[6] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXVII, p. 585.

[7] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXVII, p. 585.

[8] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXVII, p. 585.

[9] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXVII, p. 585.

[10] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXVII, p. 585.

[11] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXVII, p. 585.

[12] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, LXVII, p. 492.

[13] Muratori, L. A. (ed.) (1730) Rerum Italicarum Scriptores ("RIS") (Milan) Tome XVI, Chronicon Placentinum, col. 464.

[14] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 466.

[15] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 468.

[16] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 472.

[17] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 476.

[18] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 476.

[19] Chronicon Astense, XVI, RIS, XI, col. 173.

[20] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 476.

[21] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 476.

[22] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 476.

[23] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 472.

[24] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 476.

[25] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 486.

[26] Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam, Ordinis Minorem, MGH SS XXXII, p. 376.

[27] Miller, W. (1921) Essays on the Latin Orient (Cambridge), 10, The Marquisate of Boudonitza, p. 245.

[28] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 562.

[29] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. LXXIV, RIS XVI, col. 688.

[30] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. LXXXVI, RIS XVI, col. 694.

[31] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 562.

[32] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 556.

[33] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 556.

[34] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, pp. 379-723.

[35] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, 492, p. 492.

[36] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XCVI, p. 535.

[37] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXVI, p. 570.

[38] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXXIX, p. 632.

[39] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XIX, p. 407.

[40] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XX, p. 408.

[41] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XIX, p. 407.

[42] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XX, p. 408.

[43] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XIX, p. 407.

[44] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXX, p. 597.

[45] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CLI, p. 642.

[46] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CX, p. 563.

[47] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXI, p. 565.

[48] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXII, p. 566.

[49] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXIII, p. 567.

[50] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXVI, p. 584.

[51] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXX, p. 597.

[52] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CL, p. 641.

[53] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXII, p. 566.

[54] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXI, p. 575.

[55] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXIII, p. 567.

[56] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CLI, p. 642.

[57] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CLXXXIII, p. 717.

[58] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXIII, p. 567.

[59] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXX, p. 597.

[60] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CLXXXIII, p. 717.

[61] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CLI, p. 642.

[62] Reichert, B. M. (1899) Monumenta ordinis Fratrum Prædicatorum Historica, Tome IV, Acta Capitulorum Generalium (Vol. II) (Rome), p. 98.

[63] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CLV, p. 652.

[64] Reichert (1899) Acta Capitulorum Generalium (Vol. II), p. 98.

[65] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXXIX, p. 632.

[66] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XXV, p. 419.

[67] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XLVIII, p. 450.

[68] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, LXXVII, p. 508.

[69] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, LXVII, p. 492.

[70] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XCVI, p. 535.

[71] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXVI, p. 570.

[72] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXVI, p. 584.

[73] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CL, p. 641.

[74] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CLV, p. 652.

[75] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CLXVII, p. 675.

[76] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CLXXVIII, p. 706.

[77] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CL, p. 641.

[78] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, LXXXVI, p. 524.

[79] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CLXXVI, p. 699.

[80] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXVII, p. 585.

[81] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, CXXXIX, p. 632.

[82] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XXV, p. 419.

[83] Tonini (1842), Vol. 3, Documenti, XLVIII, p. 450.

[84] Muratori, L. A. (1717) Delle Antichità Estensi ed Italiane, Parte I (Modena) ("Muratori (Este)"), Parte I, p. 236.

[85] Muratori (Este), Parte I, p. 239.

[86] Moriondus, J. B. (1789) Monumenta Aquensia (Turin), Pars I, col. 69.

[87] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, (Aosta 1854), Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCXCVII, col. 274.

[88] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCXCVII, col. 274.

[89] Ogerii Panis Annales, MGH SS XVIII, p. 119.

[90] Ogerii Panis Annales, MGH SS XVIII, p. 119.

[91] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCCCXLVIII, col. 482.

[92] Ogerii Panis Annales, MGH SS XVIII, p. 119.

[93] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCCCXLVIII, col. 482.

[94] Ogerii Panis Annales, MGH SS XVIII, p. 119.

[95] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCCCXLVIII, col. 482.

[96] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCXCVII, col. 274.

[97] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCXCVII, col. 274.

[98] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCCCXLVIII, col. 482.

[99] Saige, G. (1888) Documents historiques relatifs à la principauté de Monaco depuis le quinzième siècle (Monaco), Tome I, p. LXIII, footnote 1.

[100] Saige (1888), Tome I, CXVI, p. 268.

[101] Saige (1888), Tome I, CXX, p. 279.

[102] Saige (1888), Tome I, p. CLXVIII, footnote 1.

[103] Saige (1888), Tome I, CXVI, p. 268.

[104] Saige (1888), Tome I, p. CLXVIII, footnote 1.

[105] Saige (1888), Tome I, p. CLXVIII, footnote 1, citing Gênes Litterarum, 9.

[106] Storia delle Alpi Marittime di Pietro Gioffredo (Torino, 1839), Vol. IV, p. 285.

[107] Saige (1888), Tome I, p. LXII.

[108] Saige (1888), Tome I, XXXVIII, p. 111.

[109] Saige (1888), Tome I, XL, p. 117.

[110] Saige (1888), Tome I, CVII, p. 236.

[111] Saige (1888), Tome I, CXX, p. 279.

[112] Saige (1888), Tome I, pp. CLIV, CLXVIII.

[113] Saige (1888), Tome I, XXXVII, p. 109.

[114] Saige (1888), Tome I, XXXVII, p. 109.

[115] Saige (1888), Tome I, XCI, p. 216.

[116] Saige (1888), Tome I, LXX, p. 157.

[117] Saige (1888), Tome I, CVII, p. 236.

[118] Saige (1888), Tome I, CXVI, p. 268.

[119] Saige (1888), Tome I, XC, p. 212.

[120] Saige (1888), Tome I, CXXXV, p. 317.

[121] Moriondus, J. B. (1790) Monumenta Aquensia (Turin), Pars II, col. 344.

[122] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXLII, col. 973.

[123] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXL, col. 1050.

[124] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXXXVII, col. 1159.

[125] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXXXVIII, col. 1160.

[126] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXL, col. 1050.

[127] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXL, col. 1050.

[128] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCLV, col. 1182.

[129] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLIV, col. 1401.

[130] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXLII, col. 973.

[131] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLIV, col. 1401.

[132] Tola, P. (ed.) (1861) Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, Monumenta Historiæ Patriæ, Tome X (Aosta) (“Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I”), CXX, p. 399.

[133] Zurita, J. (1669) Anales de la Corona de Aragon (Zaragoza), Tome I, Lib. V, LXVIII, fol. 424 (first page).

[134] Chronicon Astense, XVIII, RIS, XI, col. 182.

[135] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXX, p. 399.

[136] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXX, p. 399.

[137] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXX, p. 399.

[138] Fara, Liber II, p. 226.

[139] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXI, p. 402.

[140] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXI, p. 402.

[141] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXI, p. 402.

[142] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXI, p. 402.

[143] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXI, p. 402.

[144] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXI, p. 402.

[145] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXII, p. 405.

[146] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXII, p. 405.

[147] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXIII, p. 408.

[148] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXIV, p. 410.

[149] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 66-7.

[150] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXIV, p. 410.

[151] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXIV, p. 410.

[152] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXIV, p. 410.

[153] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 66-7.

[154] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCLV, col. 1182.

[155] Chronicon Astense, XVIII, RIS, XI, col. 181.

[156] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. II, p. 514, citing “Arch. D. March. Dulcisaquæ”.

[157] Chronicon Astense, XVIII, RIS, XI, col. 181.

[158] Chronicon Astense, XVIII, RIS, XI, col. 181.

[159] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CLXXII, col. 472.

[160] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXIX, col. 658.

[161] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLIX, col. 913.

[162] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLX, col. 918.

[163] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLIX, col. 913.

[164] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXIX, col. 658.

[165] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLIX, col. 913.

[166] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCII, col. 597.

[167] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCII, col. 597.

[168] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCII, col. 597.

[169] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXIII, col. 1160.

[170] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXIII, col. 929.

[171] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXIII, col. 1160.

[172] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXVIII, fol. 424 (first page).

[173] Chronicon Astense, XVIII, RIS, XI, col. 182.

[174] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XXXIV, fol. 379 (second page).

[175] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XLI, fol. 391 (second page), XLIII, fol. 393 (second page).

[176] Père Anselme, Tome VII, p. 765.

[177] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XXXIV, fol. 379 (second page).

[178] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXLV, p. 814.

[179] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XLI, fol. 391 (second page), XLIII, fol. 393 (second page).

[180] Père Anselme, Tome VII, p. 765.

[181] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCLXIII, col. 929.

[182] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 605.

[183] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 585.

[184] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. IX, RIS XVI, col. 317.

[185] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 604.

[186] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[187] Tallone, A. (ed.) (1906) Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo (1091-1340), Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XVII (Pinerolo) ("Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo"), 785, p. 212.

[188] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 908, p. 261.

[189] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 498.

[190] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 604.

[191] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCV, col. 609.

[192] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 519.

[193] Ganchou, T. 'Ilario Doria, le Gambros génois de Manuel II Palaiologos: Beau-frère ou gendre?' Revue des études byzantines, Tome 66 (2008), p. 87, available at <http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rebyz_0766-5598_2008_num_66_1_3033> (21 Dec 2012).

[194] Ganchou 'Ilario Doria' (2008), p. 87.

[195] Ganchou 'Ilario Doria' (2008), p. 87, no precise citation references.

[196] Ganchou 'Ilario Doria' (2008), p. 84, citing Calcagnino, A. (1599) Annali (Genoa), f. 446r-7r, and p. 89 quoting the complete document.

[197] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1838) Georgios Phrantzes, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn), Liber I, 40, p. 118.

[198] Ganchou 'Ilario Doria' (2008), p. 93, Document 3.

[199] Du Fresne du Cange, C. (1680) Historia Byzantina, Familias ac Stemmata Imperatorum, Vol. I (Paris), p. 245, citing "Hist. Polit. p. 2, Itinerar. Regina Polonia, p. 337".

[200] Ganchou 'Ilario Doria' (2008), pp. 86-7.

[201] Markham, C. L. (1859) Narrative of the Embassy to the Court of Timour at Samarcand 1403-6 (London), pp. 29-30.

[202] Ganchou 'Ilario Doria' (2008), p. 73, quoting López Estrada, F. (1943) Embajada a Tamorlán (Madrid), p. 35.

[203] Miklosich, F. & Müller, J. (1865) Acta et diplomata graeca medii aevi III (Vienna), xxxv, p. 162.

[204] Ganchou 'Ilario Doria' (2008), p. 73.

[205] Laonici Chalcocondylæ De Rebus Turcicis, IV, p. 172.

[206] Ganchou 'Ilario Doria' (2008), p. 75.

[207] Ganchou 'Ilario Doria' (2008), pp. 76-9, 81, citing on p. 76 Calcagnino (1599), f. 446r, and on p. 81 references to the Papal bulls.

[208] Ganchou 'Ilario Doria' (2008), p. 84, citing Calcagnino (1599), f. 446r-7r, and p. 89 quoting the complete document.

[209] Laonici Chalcocondylæ De Rebus Turcicis, IV, p. 172.

[210] Du Fresne du Cange (1680), Vol. I (Paris), p. 245, citing "Hist. Polit. p. 2, Itinerar. Regina Polonia, p. 337".

[211] Georgios Phrantzes Liber I, 40, p. 118.

[212] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. IV, p. 240, citing “Docum. auth.”.

[213] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. IV, p. 240.

[214] Saige (1888), Tome I, p. CLXVIII, footnote 1, citing Gênes Litterarum, 9.

[215] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. IV, p. 285.

[216] Saige (1888), Tome I, p. CLXVIII, footnote 1, citing Gênes Litterarum, 9.

[217] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. IV, p. 285.

[218] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 182.

[219] Rossi, G. ‘I Grimaldi in Ventimiglia, Memoria storica e documenti’, Miscellanea di Storia Italiana, Tomo XXXVI (Torino, 1900), Documenti, IV, p. 214.

[220] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 231.

[221] Cais de Pierlas, E. (1884) I Conti di Ventimiglia, il priorato di San Michele ed il Principato di Seborga (Torino), Miscellanea di Storia Italiana, Tomo XXIII (Torino, 1884), XXXV, p. 138.

[222] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 209.

[223] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 182.

[224] Cais di Pierlas (1884), XXXV, p. 138.

[225] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 182.

[226] Rossi ‘I Grimaldi in Ventimiglia’ (1900), Documenti, XVI, p. 235.

[227] Saige (1888), Tome I, CCXCIII, p. 633.

[228] Saige (1890), Tome II, Introduction, p. CIX (no source citation).

[229] Saige (1890), Tome II, CCCLXIX, p. 128.

[230] Saige (1890), Tome II, Introduction, p. CIX (no source citation).

[231] Saige (1890), Tome II, CCCLXXXIII, p. 190.

[232] Saige (1890), Tome II, Appendice, p. 833.

[233] Saige (1890), Tome II, Introduction, p. CLV, footnote 2.

[234] Saige (1890), Tome II, CCCCXXVIII, p. 296.

[235] Saige (1888), Tome I, p. 633, footnote 1 (no citation reference).

[236] Venasque (1647), pp. 3-4, 11-26, 64-9.

[237] Venasque (1647), pp. 69-71.

[238] Père Anselme, Tome IV, p. 489.

[239] Père Anselme, Tome IV, pp. 489-504.

[240] Belgrano, L. T. (ed.) (1891) Annali Genovesi di Caffaro e de’ suoi continuatori, Vol. 1, Fonti per la Storia d’Italia (Genoa), ("Caffaro Annali Genovesi"), pp. 26 and 27.

[241] Saige (1897), p. 40.

[242] Caffaro Annali Genovesi, p. 21.

[243] Saige (1897), p. 40.

[244] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, LXXVIII, col. 81.

[245] Saige (1897), p. 40.

[246] Caffaro Annali Genovesi, p. 64.

[247] Belgrano, L. T. (ed.) (1891) Annali Genovesi di Caffaro e de’ suoi continuatori, Vol. 1, Fonti per la Storia d’Italia (Genoa), Oberti Cancelarii Annales, p. 229.

[248] Belgrano, L. T. & Imperiale di Sant’ Angelo, C. (ed.) (1901) Annali Genovesi di Caffaro e de’ suoi continuatori, Vol. 2, Fonti per la Storia d’Italia (Genoa), VII, Ottobonæ Scribæ Annales 1174-1196, p. 19.

[249] Saige (1897), p. 41.

[250] Ottobonæ Scribæ Annales 1174-1196, p. 44.

[251] Belgrano, L. T. & Imperiale di Sant’ Angelo, C. (ed.) (1901) Annali Genovesi di Caffaro e de’ suoi continuatori, Vol. 2, Fonti per la Storia d’Italia (Genoa), VIII, Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 72.

[252] Ferretto, A. (ed.) ‘Documenti intorno alle relazioni fra Alba e Genova (1141-1270)’, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XXIII (Pinerolo, 1906) ("Alba Genova Relazioni"), IV, p. 2.

[253] Saige (1897), p. 40.

[254] Saige (1897), p. 41.

[255] Saige (1897), p. 42.

[256] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXXXII, col. 961.

[257] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXCIII, col. 1059.

[258] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXXXIX, col. 1161.

[259] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCLV, DCCCLXVI, cols. 1182, 1210.

[260] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXCII, DCCCXCIII, cols. 1243, 1249.

[261] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXXXIX, col. 1039.

[262] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXL, col. 1050.

[263] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXXXIX, col. 1161.

[264] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCLV, col. 1182.

[265] Rossi ‘I Grimaldi in Ventimiglia’ (1900), p. 190, footnote (8)

[266] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXII, p. 38.

[267] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXIII, p. 58.

[268] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCXCIII, col. 1059.

[269] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCXXXIX, col. 1161.

[270] Rossi ‘I Grimaldi in Ventimiglia’ (1900), p. 190, footnote (8)

[271] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCXXX, col. 1317.

[272] Saige (1905), Tome I, XX, p. 36.

[273] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXII, p. 38.

[274] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXXXIX, col. 1039.

[275] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXL, col. 1050.

[276] Rossi ‘I Grimaldi in Ventimiglia’ (1900), p. 190, footnote (8)

[277] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXL, col. 1050.

[278] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCLV, col. 1182.

[279] Saige (1897), p. 40.

[280] Rossi ‘I Grimaldi in Ventimiglia’ (1900), p. 190, footnote (8)

[281] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXI, p. 37.

[282] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 5.

[283] Saige (1897), p. 42.

[284] Saige, G. (1905) Documents historiques antérieurs au quinzième siècle relatifs à la seigneurie de Monaco et à la maison de Grimaldi (Monaco), Tome I, XXII, p. 38.

[285] Saige (1897), p. 42.

[286] Saige (1897), pp. 44-7.

[287] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 5.

[288] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXIII, p. 58.

[289] Saige (1905), Tome I, XLII, p. 94.

[290] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXV, p. 43.

[291] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXIV, p. 41.

[292] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXVII, p. 45.

[293] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXIII, p. 58.

[294] Saige (1897), p. 48.

[295] Saige (1897), p. 42.

[296] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 5.

[297] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXVI, p. 66.

[298] Saige (1905), Tome I, XLIII, p. 96.

[299] Saige (1905), Tome I, XLVI, p. 102.

[300] Saige (1905), Tome I, XLVII, p. 103.

[301] Saige (1905), Tome I, LVI, p. 159.

[302] Saige (1905), Tome I, LX, p. 166.

[303] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXI, p. 167.

[304] Saige (1897), p. 50.

[305] Venasque (1647), p. 74.

[306] Père Anselme, Tome IV, p. 490.

[307] Saige (1905), Tome I, CXIX, p. 350.

[308] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXIV, p. 170.

[309] Saige (1897), p. 53.

[310] Père Anselme, Tome IV, pp. 489, 492.

[311] Saige (1905), Tome I, CIX, p. 328.

[312] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXVII, p. 212.

[313] Saige (1888), Tome I, IX, p. 16.

[314] Saige (1905), Tome I, CXIX, p. 350.

[315] Saige (1905), Tome I, XCI, p. 267.

[316] Saige (1905), Tome I, CXIX, p. 350.

[317] Saige (1905), Tome I, CXIX, p. 350.

[318] Père Anselme, Tome IV, p. 489.

[319] Saige (1897), p. 42.

[320] Saige (1905), Tome I, CII, p. 313.

[321] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXII, p. 38.

[322] Père Anselme, Tome IV, p. 489.

[323] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXVI, p. 66.

[324] Rossi ‘I Grimaldi in Ventimiglia’ (1900), Documenti, IV, p. 214.

[325] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 59.

[326] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 59.

[327] Père Anselme, Tome IV, pp. 489, 500.

[328] Saige (1897), p. 42.

[329] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 59.

[330] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 59.

[331] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 59.

[332] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 59.

[333] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 59.

[334] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 59.

[335] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXVI, p. 66.

[336] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXVI, p. 66.

[337] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 5.

[338] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXVI, p. 66.

[339] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXVI, p. 66.

[340] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXVI, p. 66.

[341] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXVI, p. 66.

[342] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXVI, p. 66.

[343] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 108-9 (no citation reference).

[344] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXIV, p. 195.

[345] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXIV, p. 195.

[346] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXIV, p. 195.

[347] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXIV, p. 195.

[348] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXIX, p. 219.

[349] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXIX, p. 219.

[350] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXIX, p. 219.

[351] Saige (1888), Tome I, XVIII, p. 54.

[352] Saige (1888), Tome I, XVIII, p. 54.

[353] Saige (1888), Tome I, p. CCVI, footnote 2, and CLXXVII, p. 411.

[354] Saige (1888), Tome I, p. CCVI, footnote 2, and CLXXVII, p. 411.

[355] Saige (1888), Tome I, X, p. 18.

[356] Saige (1888), Tome I, XVIII, p. 54.

[357] Saige (1888), Tome I, XXII, p. 67.

[358] Saige (1888), Tome I, XXXVIII, p. 111.

[359] Saige (1888), Tome I, XC, p. 212.

[360] Saige (1888), Tome I, XXXVIII, p. 111.

[361] Saige (1888), Tome I, XXXVIII, p. 111.

[362] Saige (1890), Tome II, DX, p. 484.

[363] Saige (1891), Tome III, DCXXXVII, p. 1.

[364] Saige (1891), Tome III, DCLV, p. 35.

[365] Saige (1891), Tome III, DCLVI, p. 39.

[366] Saige (1891), Tome III, DCCVII, p. 167.

[367] Saige (1891), Tome III, DCLV, p. 35.

[368] Saige (1891), Tome III, DCLV, p. 35.

[369] Caffaro Annali Genovesi, pp. 13 and 15.

[370] Caffaro Annali Genovesi, pp. 32, 36-7, 47, 60, 73.

[371] Oberti Cancelarii Annales, pp. 201 and 247.

[372] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, col. 344.

[373] Caffaro Annali Genovesi, pp. 37 and 53.

[374] Ottobonæ Scribæ Annales 1174-1196, p. 43.

[375] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 80.

[376] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 84.

[377] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 120.

[378] Ottobonæ Scribæ Annales 1174-1196, p. 44.

[379] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, pp. 105 and 130.

[380] Alba Genova Relazioni, XXXIV, p. 17.

[381] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 144.

[382] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 107.

[383] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 108.

[384] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 139.

[385] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 108.

[386] Belgrano, L. T. & Imperiale di Sant’ Angelo, C. (ed.) (1901) Annali Genovesi di Caffaro e de’ suoi continuatori, Vol. 2, Fonti per la Storia d’Italia (Genoa), IX, Marchisii Scribæ Annales 1220-1224, p. 188.

[387] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCLV, col. 1182.

[388] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCLV, col. 1182.

[389] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCLV, col. 1182.

[390] Alba Genova Relazioni, CCLXXIV, p. 232.

[391] Alba Genova Relazioni, CCLXXIV, p. 232.

[392] Alba Genova Relazioni, CCLXXIV, p. 232.

[393] Alba Genova Relazioni, CCLXXIV, p. 232.

[394] Saige (1905), Tome I, XLV, p. 99.

[395] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXX, p. 231.

[396] Bartholomæi de Neocastro Historia Sicula, Re, G. del (ed.) (1868) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 2 (Naples), p. 414.

[397] Chronicon Astense, XVIII, RIS, XI, col. 181.

[398] Bartholomæi de Neocastro Historia Sicula, p. 414.

[399] Chronicon Astense, XVIII, RIS, XI, col. 181.

[400] Chronicon Astense, XVIII, RIS, XI, col. 182.

[401] Chronicon Astense, XVIII, RIS, XI, col. 182.

[402] Chronicon Astense, XLII, RIS, XI, col. 208.

[403] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1835) Georgii Pachymeris De Michaele et Andronico Palaeologis, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn), Andronicus Palæologus, Liber VII, 18, p. 598.

[404] Ragionamento familiare dell’origine…de…Marchesi di Monferrato…per Benvenuto di S. Giorgio ("Benvenuto di San Giorgio"), RIS XXIII, col. 421, quoting Ruffino Ventura Astense.

[405] Chronicon Astense, XLII, RIS, XI, col. 208.

[406] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[407] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[408] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[409] Legé, V., Gabotto, F. (eds.) ‘Documenti degli archivi Tortonensi relativi alla storia di Voghera’, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XXXIX (Pinerolo, 1908) ("Voghera"), XVI, p. 33.

[410] Saige (1905), Tome I, XX, p. 36.

[411] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome V, p. 226.

[412] Diurnali di Matteo Spinelli di Giovinazzo, Re, G. del (ed.) (1868) Cronisti e scrittori sincroni Napoletani, Vol. 2 (Naples), p. 636.

[413] Miller, W. (1921) Essays on the Latin Orient (Cambridge), IV.I, The Zaccaria of Phocæa and Chios, Appendix, Digest of Genoese Documents, p. 295.

[414] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXL, col. 1050.

[415] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXL, col. 1050.

[416] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCLV, col. 1182.

[417] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXL, col. 1050.

[418] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCLXL, col. 1050.

[419] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCLV, col. 1182.

[420] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXIV, p. 41.

[421] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome II, p. 300.

[422] Annales S. Iustinæ Patavini, MGH SS XIX, p. 183.

[423] Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam, Ordinis Minorem, MGH SS XXXII, p. 168.

[424] Historia Ricobaldi Ferrariensis, RIS IX, col. 135.

[425] Chronicon Estense, RIS XVI, col. 339.

[426] Luard, H. R. (ed.) Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora (1874) (“MP”), Vol. V, 1251, p. 255.

[427] Marie José (1956) La Maison de Savoie, Les Origines, Le Comte Vert, Le Comte Rouge (Paris, Albin Michel), p. 40.

[428] Pansa, Vita del gran pontefice Innocenzio quarto (Napoli 1598), cited in MP, Vol. V, p. 255 footnote 3.

[429] The Inventory of the State Archives of Turin, consulted at <http://ww2.multix.it/asto/asp/inventari.asp> (2 Feb 2006) ("State Archives"), volume 104, page 11, fascicules 11.1, 2 and 3.

[430] Wurstenberger, L. (1858) Peter der Zweite Graf von Savoyen, Markgraf in Italien, sein Haus und seine Lande (Bern, Zurich), Vol. IV, 814, p. 465.

[431] State Archives, volume 104, pages 31-32, fascicules 19.1 and 2, and Guichenon, S. (1780) Histoire généalogique de la royale maison de Savoie (Turin) ("Guichenon (Savoie)"), Tome IV, Preuves, p. 100.

[432] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXVI, p. 66.

[433] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[434] Saige (1905), Tome I, XXXVI, p. 66.

[435] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 251.

[436] MP V 1251, p. 255.

[437] Chevalier, U. (1913) Regeste Dauphinois (Valence), Tome II, 8734, col. 502.

[438] Valbonnais, Marquis de (1722) Histoire de Dauphiné (Geneva), Tome I, BBB, p. 195.

[439] Hozier, L-P d’ (1752) Armorial général de France, Registre III, seconde partie (Paris), De Virieu de Beauvoir, 8, p. 1066.

[440] Wurstenberger, L. (1858) Peter der Zweite Graf von Savoyen, Markgraf in Italien, sein Haus und seine Lande (Bern, Zurich), Vol. IV, 814, p. 465.

[441] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, pp. 117-18 (no citation reference).

[442] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXIV, p. 195.

[443] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXIV, p. 195.

[444] Saige (1905), Tome I, LXXIV, p. 195.

[445] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXCV, col. 1074.

[446] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXCV, col. 1074.

[447] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXCV, col. 1074.

[448] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCXCV, col. 1074.

[449] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXI, col. 1154.

[450] Saige (1888), Tome I, CXXI, p. 287.

[451] Voghera, Appendice, CLXIV, p. 222.

[452] Voghera, XVI, p. 33.

[453] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 37, p. 11.

[454] Gabotto, F., Legé, V. (eds.) ‘Le carte dello archivio capitulare di Tortona (sec. IX-1220)’, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XXIX (Pinerolo, 1905) ("Tortona Capitolare"), LXI, p. 83.

[455] Ottobonæ Scribæ Annales 1174-1196, p. 5.

[456] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 454.

[457] Ottobonæ Scribæ Annales 1174-1196, p. 5.

[458] Voghera, XXVII, p. 54.

[459] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 456.

[460] Tortona Capitolare, CXXXVII, p. 171.

[461] Tortona Capitolare, CXXXVIII, p. 172.

[462] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCCCXXV, col. 433.

[463] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 120.

[464] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 146.

[465] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 151.

[466] Voghera, LIX, p. 99.

[467] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 120.

[468] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 146.

[469] Ogerii Panis Annales 1197-1219, p. 151.

[470] Voghera, XXVII, p. 54.

[471] Tortona Capitolare, CXXXVII, p. 171.

[472] Tortona Capitolare, CXXXVIII, p. 172.

[473] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCCCXXV, col. 433.

[474] Voghera, XXVII, p. 54.

[475] Tortona Capitolare, CXXXVIII, p. 172.

[476] Voghera, LIX, p. 99.

[477] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 471.

[478] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLXXIII, col. 1455.

[479] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLXXIX, col. 1469.

[480] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLXXIII, col. 1455.

[481] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLXXVII, col. 1465.

[482] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLXXIX, col. 1469.

[483] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLXXIII, col. 1455.

[484] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLXXIX, col. 1469.

[485] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 471.

[486] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLXXIX, col. 1469.

[487] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 471.

[488] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLXXIX, col. 1469.

[489] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DCCCCLXXIX, col. 1469.

[490] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[491] Saige (1905), Tome I, LIV, p. 156.

[492] Saige (1888), Tome I, p. CLVIII, footnote 1.

[493] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 170.

[494] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXLIII, col. 1283.

[495] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome II, CCCXIV, col. 1164.

[496] Gioffredo (1839), Vol. III, p. 519.

[497] Muratori (Este), Parte I, p. 230.

[498] Muratori (Este), Parte I, p. 232.

[499] Muratori (Este), Parte I, p. 230.

[500] Muratori (Este), Parte I, p. 234.

[501] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, CCC, col. 277.

[502] Tortona Capitolare, CXXXVII, p. 171.

[503] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DLXXXVIII, col. 690.

[504] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DLXXXVIII, col. 690.

[505] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DLXXXVIII, col. 690.

[506] Liber iurium reipublicæ Genvensis, Tome I, DLXXXVIII, col. 690.

[507] Muratori (Este), Parte I, p. 236.

[508] Muratori (Este), Parte I, p. 234.

[509] Muratori (Este), Parte I, p. 230.

[510] Ficker, J. (1874) Forschungen zue Reichs- und Rechtsgechichte Italiens (Innsbruck), Band IV, 136, p. 179.

[511] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 64, p. 20.

[512] Tallone, A. (ed.) ‘Cartario della abazia di Casanova fino all’anno 1313’, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XIV (Pinerolo, 1903) ("Casanova"), LXXV bis, p. 518.

[513] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, Appendice di documenti inediti, X, p. 329.

[514] Casanova, CCXLVII, p. 198.

[515] Cipolla, C. (ed.) ‘Il gruppo dei diplomi Adelaidini in favore dell’abbazia di Pinerolo’, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. II (Pinerolo, 1899) ("Pinerolo (Diplomi Adelaidini)"), II, p. 318.

[516] Asti Capitolare (antiche carte), CLXXVII, p. 343.

[517] Colombo, G. (ed.) ‘Documenti di Scarnafigi’, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XII (Pinerolo, 1902) ("Scarnafagi"), IV, p. 239.

[518] Carutti, D. ‘Supplemento ai Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, marchionum in Italia’, Miscellanea di Storia Italiana, Tomo XL (3e serie, Tomo IX, Turin, 1904), ("Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ (supplemento)"), XIX, p. 13, quoting Cartario Della Abazia di Cavour (1900), p. 31.

[519] Pinerolo (Diplomi Adelaidini), VI, p. 339.

[520] Asti Capitolare (antiche carte), CLXXVII, p. 343.

[521] Scarnafagi, IV, p. 239.

[522] Carutti, D. (1889) Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, marchionum in Italia (Turin) ("Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ"), CCXCV, p. 106.

[523] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CCXCV, p. 106.

[524] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CCCVII, p. 112.

[525] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CCCXLI, p. 124.

[526] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CCCLXXVIII, p. 139.

[527] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CCXCV, p. 106.

[528] Furrer, S. (1850) Geschichte, Statistik und Urkunden-Sammlung über Wallis, Band 3, Urkunden (Sitten), p. 56.

[529] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CMLIX, p. 333.

[530] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CMLIX, p. 333.

[531] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CMLIX, p. 333.

[532] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, DCLXIX, p. 236, citing Tillier, J. B. de (1888) Historique de la vallée d’Aoste, Seigneuries, p. 13.

[533] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, DCLXXXVII, p. 241.

[534] ES XV 41-47.

[535] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, DCLXIX, p. 236, citing Tillier (1888), p. 13.

[536] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, DCLXXXVII, p. 241.

[537] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, DCLXIX, p. 236, citing Tillier (1888), p. 13.

[538] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, DCLXXXVII, p. 241.

[539] ES XV 40, extinct in the male line after 1384.

[540] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ (supplemento), L, p. 25.

[541] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ (supplemento), LXII, p. 30.

[542] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ (supplemento), LXII, p. 30.

[543] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ (supplemento), LXII, p. 30.

[544] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ (supplemento), LXII, p. 30.

[545] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CCCCXXIII, col. 708.

[546] Petri Azarii de Bello Canepiciano, RIS XVI, cols. 425-26.

[547] Bernard, A. and Bruel, A. (eds.) (1878) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny (Paris) Tome IV, 3600, p. 757.

[548] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CCCCXXIII, col. 708.

[549] RHC, Historiens occidentaux, Tome IV (Paris, 1879), Alberti Aquensis Historia Hierosolymitana ("Albert of Aix (RHC)"), Liber VIII, Cap. I, p. 559.

[550] Runciman, S. (1978) A History of the Crusades (Penguin), Vol. 2, pp. 21-23.

[551] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber IX, Cap. I, p. 591.

[552] MGH Const. I, Heinrici V Constitutiones, 95, p. 144.

[553] Muratori, L. A. (1744) Annali d’Italia (Milano), Tomo VI, p. 399.

[554] Cluny Tome IV, 3600, p. 757.

[555] Cluny Tome IV, 3616, p. 777.

[556] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CCCCXXIII, col. 708.

[557] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber VIII, Cap. I, p. 559.

[558] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber VIII, Cap. I, p. 559.

[559] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber IX, Cap. I, p. 591.

[560] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber IX, Cap. XXX, p. 608.

[561] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CCCCLXXXI, col. 782.

[562] Gabotto, F., Gabiani, N. (eds.) ‘Le carte dello archivio capitulare di Asti (830, 948, 1111-1237)’, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XXXVII (Pinerolo, 1907) ("Asti Capitolare"), XXII, p. 23.

[563] RHC, Historiens occidentaux I, Historia Rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum ("L'estoire de Eracles Empereur et la conqueste de la terre d'Outremer") (“William of Tyre”) XVII.I, p. 758.

[564] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DXLIX, col. 864.

[565] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DLXXXVI, col. 909.

[566] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DCXXXII, col. 957.

[567] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DCLX, col. 991.

[568] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 111, p. 34.

[569] Casanova, CXXXII, p. 119.

[570] Fine, J. V. A. (1994) The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest (Ann Arbour, University of Michigan Press), pp. 87-9, and Miller, W. (1908) The Latins in the Levant. A History of Frankish Greece (1204-1566) (Cambridge and New York), p. 73.

[571] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DCCCXLVIII, col. 1260.

[572] Huillard-Bréholles, J. L. A. (1852) Historia Diplomatica Friderici Secundi (Paris), Tome II, Part 1, p. 186.

[573] Baron F. de Gingins-la-Sarraz (ed.) (1847) Documents pour servir à l'histoire des Comtes de Biandrate (Turin) ("Biandrate"), p. 18.

[574] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DCLXI (incorrectly marked DCLI), col. 993.

[575] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DCCXCI, col. 1162.

[576] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DCCCXLVIII, col. 1260.

[577] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DCCXCI, col. 1162.

[578] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DCCXCI, col. 1162.

[579] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DCLXI (incorrectly marked DCLI), col. 993.

[580] Biandrate, I, p. 39.

[581] Gabotto, F., Roberti, G. & Chiattone, D. (eds.) ‘Cartario Della abazia di Staffarda, I’, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. XI (Pinerolo, 1901) ("Staffarda"), CXXXIV, p. 136.

[582] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DCCCXLVIII, col. 1260.

[583] Biandrate, p. 19, citing Cibrario Storia di Chieri, Tome II, p. 82 [not yet consulted].

[584] Biandrate, p. 19, quoting Fragment aux Archives de Valère à Sion.

[585] Biandrate, Appendice B, no. 3, p. 65.

[586] Biandrate, Appendice B, no. 3, pp. 65-6 sets out his supposed four sons.

[587] Gesta Friderici Imperatoris Ottonis Frisingensis 4.15, MGH SS XX, p. 454.

[588] Furrer (1850), Band 3, p. 75.

[589] Biandrate, IV, p. 41.

[590] Biandrate, V, p. 42.

[591] Biandrate, VI, p. 43.

[592] Biandrate, VI, p. 43.

[593] Biandrate, VIII, p. 45.

[594] Biandrate, VII, p. 44.

[595] Biandrate, X, p. 47.

[596] Biandrate, V, p. 42.

[597] Biandrate, VI, p. 43.

[598] Biandrate, VII, p. 44.

[599] Biandrate, VIII, p. 45.

[600] Biandrate, IX, p. 46.

[601] Biandrate, IX, p. 46.

[602] Biandrate, XII, p. 49.

[603] Biandrate, IX, p. 46.

[604] Biandrate, XII, p. 49.

[605] Biandrate, XIII, p. 51.

[606] Biandrate, XIV, p. 52.

[607] Charrière, M. L. de (1868) Les sires de la Tour, mayors de Sion, seigneurs de Châtillon, en Vallais et leur maison, Mémoires et documents publiés par la société d’histoire de la Suisse romande, Tome XXIV (Lausanne), Pièces justificatives, 61, p. 394.

[608] Charrière (1868), Pièces justificatives, 61, p. 394.

[609] Biandrate, XI, p. 48.

[610] Biandrate, XII, p. 49.

[611] Biandrate, XV, p. 53.

[612] Biandrate, XVI, p. 54.

[613] Biandrate, VIII, p. 45.

[614] Biandrate, VI, p. 43.

[615] D K II 67, p. 83.

[616] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CXXI, p. 42.

[617] Regesta comitum Sabaudiæ, CXXI, p. 42.

[618] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CCCLXII, col. 613.

[619] ES III 593.

[620] Staffarda, Vol. I, XVI, p. 28.

[621] Staffarda, Vol. I, XVI, p. 28.

[622] Staffarda, Vol. I, XVI, p. 28.

[623] Staffarda, Vol. I, XVI, p. 28.

[624] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 107, p. 33.

[625] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 107, p. 33.

[626] Gabotto, F. (ed.) ‘Cartario di Pinerolo fino all’anno 1300’, Biblioteca della società storica subalpina, Vol. II (Pinerolo, 1899) ("Pinerolo"), LXXXVI, p. 117.

[627] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 305, p. 88, and Pinerolo, XCV, p. 133.

[628] Casanova, CCXLVII, p. 198.

[629] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 305, p. 88, and Pinerolo, XCV, p. 133.

[630] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 139, p. 43.

[631] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 305, p. 88, and Pinerolo, XCV, p. 133.

[632] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 139, p. 43.

[633] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 305, p. 88, and Pinerolo, XCV, p. 133.

[634] Pinerolo, LXXXVI, p. 117.

[635] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 305, p. 88, and Pinerolo, XCV, p. 133.

[636] Pinerolo, CXIX, p. 192.

[637] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 139, p. 43.

[638] Pinerolo, LXXXVI, p. 117.

[639] Pinerolo, LXXXVI, p. 117.

[640] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXXVIII, p. 456.

[641] Cibrario, A. (ed.) (1835) Johannis Francisci Faræ de Chrographia Sardiniæ, De Rebus Sardois (Torino) (“Fara”).

[642] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, I, p. 147.

[643] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, III, p. 148.

[644] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, II, p. 148.

[645] Fara, Liber II, p. 219.

[646] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, VII, p. 153.

[647] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, VIII, p. 154.

[648] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, X, p. 156.

[649] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 420.

[650] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 523.

[651] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, VII, p. 153.

[652] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, VIII, p. 154.

[653] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 523.

[654] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 528.

[655] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, VII, p. 153.

[656] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, VIII, p. 154.

[657] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 523.

[658] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 524.

[659] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 528.

[660] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 523.

[661] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 524.

[662] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 523.

[663] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 523.

[664] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 628.

[665] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 628.

[666] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 524.

[667] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 528.

[668] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 524.

[669] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 528.

[670] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 628.

[671] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXV, p. 197.

[672] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 628.

[673] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, I, p. 177.

[674] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, II, p. 178.

[675] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 628.

[676] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, II, p. 178.

[677] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, II, p. 178.

[678] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 628.

[679] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 523.

[680] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 524.

[681] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, III, p. 178.

[682] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, V, p. 180.

[683] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, VI, p. 181.

[684] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 628.

[685] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXV, p. 197.

[686] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, V, p. 180.

[687] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXV, p. 197.

[688] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, V, p. 180.

[689] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 628.

[690] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXV, p. 197.

[691] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LVII, p. 217.

[692] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXIV, p. 227.

[693] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXIV, p. 227.

[694] Fara, Liber II, p. 226.

[695] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XCIII, p. 239.

[696] Muratori, L. A. (1778) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome XV, col. 9.

[697] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXIX, p. 323.

[698] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXV, p. 319.

[699] Fara, Liber II, p. 227.

[700] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMLXXII, col. 1442.

[701] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome VI, col. 120.

[702] Tola, P. (1837) Dizionario Biografico degli Uomini Illustri di Sardegna (Torino), Vol. I, p. 124.

[703] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXIX, p. 323.

[704] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXXII, p. 328.

[705] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXXV, p. 329.

[706] Muratori, L. A. (1778) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome XV, col. 7.

[707] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLV, p. 338.

[708] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXXII, p. 328.

[709] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXXVI, p. 363.

[710] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXI, fol. 417 (first page).

[711] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMLXX, col. 1439.

[712] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMLXXVI, col. 1457.

[713] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XCIII, p. 370.

[714] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, X, p. 310.

[715] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXII, p. 349.

[716] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXXVI, p. 363.

[717] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMLXIX, col. 1437.

[718] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMLXXVI, col. 1457.

[719] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMLXIX, col. 1437.

[720] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXI, fol. 417 (first page).

[721] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMLXX, col. 1439.

[722] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XCIII, p. 370.

[723] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, p. 375, footnote (1).

[724] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMLXXVI, col. 1457.

[725] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMLXXVI, col. 1457.

[726] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, CMLXXVI, col. 1457.

[727] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, X, p. 156.

[728] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXI, p. 164.

[729] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXI, p. 164.

[730] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXI, p. 164.

[731] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXI, p. 164.

[732] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXII, p. 165.

[733] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXII, p. 165.

[734] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 417.

[735] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 417.

[736] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XII, p. 185.

[737] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XIII, p. 186.

[738] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 417.

[739] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XII, p. 185.

[740] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 417.

[741] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 417.

[742] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XIII, p. 186.

[743] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XIII, p. 186.

[744] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XIII, p. 186.

[745] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XV, p. 187.

[746] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XIII, p. 186.

[747] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 417.

[748] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[749] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[750] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[751] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXI, p. 253.

[752] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLI, p. 207.

[753] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[754] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[755] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXVII, p. 231.

[756] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[757] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[758] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[759] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[760] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[761] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[762] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[763] Fara, Liber II, p. 237.

[764] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LVII, p. 217.

[765] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXIV, p. 220.

[766] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXVII, p. 231.

[767] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 420.

[768] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXI, fol. 416 (second page).

[769] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DXXXI, col. 842.

[770] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXXIII, p. 234.

[771] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XCIII, p. 239.

[772] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXI, p. 253.

[773] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXIII, p. 254.

[774] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXLIII, p. 278.

[775] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXIV, p. 220.

[776] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DXXXI, col. 842.

[777] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXVII, p. 256.

[778] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXIII, p. 260.

[779] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXV, p. 261.

[780] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXXVIII, p. 274.

[781] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXLIII, p. 278.

[782] Fara, Liber II, p. 239.

[783] Fara, Liber II, p. 238.

[784] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, VIII, p. 309.

[785] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXLIII, p. 278.

[786] Fara, Liber II, p. 239.

[787] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXX, p. 324.

[788] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome VI, col. 120.

[789] Tola (1837), Vol. I, p. 124.

[790] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXLIII, p. 278.

[791] Historiæ Patriæ Monumenta, Tome I, DXXXI, col. 842.

[792] Fara, Liber II, p. 227.

[793] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXV, p. 261.

[794] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXVI, p. 320.

[795] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXVI, p. 320.

[796] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXVII, p. 256.

[797] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXXVII, p. 273.

[798] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXXVIII, p. 274.

[799] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXLI, p. 277.

[800] Monsalvatje y Fossas, F. (ed.) (1902) Colección diplomática del Condado de Besalú Tome XII, II de la collección diplomática (Olot), DCXXIX, p. 50.

[801] Colección diplomática del Condado de Besalú (Tome XII, II), DCXXXVI, p. 56.

[802] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXLVIII, p. 282.

[803] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, X, p. 310.

[804] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXII, p. 349.

[805] Colección diplomática del Condado de Besalú (Tome XII, II), DCLXCII, p. 92, extract only in translation, citing Archivo del Gran Priorato de Cataluña, Armario 2, pergami 238.

[806] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVII, p. 340.

[807] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLX, p. 342.

[808] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXII, p. 349.

[809] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXVI, p. 351.

[810] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXVIII, p. 358.

[811] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVII, p. 340.

[812] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLX, p. 342.

[813] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXII, p. 349.

[814] Tola, P. (1837) Dizionario biografico degli uomini illustri di Sardegna (Torino), Vol. 1, p. 227.

[815] Tola (1837), Vol. 1, p. 227, footnote (1), quoting “nunc primum editæ ex veteri codice S. Erasmi Camaldulensis, lvi nella prima parte, cap. 26”.

[816] Tola (1837), Vol. 2, p. 153.

[817] Tola (1837), Vol. 2, p. 153.

[818] Tola (1837), Vol. 2, p. 224.

[819] ES III 746b, at end of ES XV.

[820] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXI, fol. 418 (first page).

[821] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXVI, p. 395.

[822] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXII, fol. 418 (second page), LXV, fol. 419 (second page).

[823] Tola (1837), Vol. 1, p. 216.

[824] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXLII, p. 471.

[825] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLII, p. 692.

[826] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXI, fol. 418 (first page).

[827] ES III 746b, at end of ES XV.

[828] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, IV, p. 505.

[829] Tola (1837), Vol. 2, pp. 227-8.

[830] ES III 746b, at end of ES XV.

[831] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, XXXVIII, fol. 40 (second page).

[832] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, IX, p. 659.

[833] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLI, p. 691.

[834] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[835] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[836] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[837] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, fol. 90 (first page).

[838] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, LXXVII, fol. 82 (second page), lib. VII, X, fol. 95 (second page).

[839] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[840] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, XV, fol. 101 (second page).

[841] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LI, p. 713.

[842] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XCIII, p. 762.

[843] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CI, p. 768.

[844] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XX, fol. 369 (second page).

[845] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, X, fol. 95 (second page).

[846] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, XV, fol. 101 (second page).

[847] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XX, fol. 369 (second page).

[848] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XXXIV, fol. 379 (second page).

[849] La muerte en la Casa Real de Aragón, Cartas de condolencia y anunciadoras de fallecimientos (siglos XIII al XVI) (Zaragoza, 2018), 148, p. 152, available at <https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/36/82/_ebook.pdf> (12 Mar 2022).

[850] La muerte en la Casa Real de Aragón (2018), 148, p. 152.

[851] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XXXIV, fol. 379 (second page).

[852] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XLI, fol. 391 (second page), XLIII, fol. 393 (second page).

[853] Père Anselme, Tome VII, p. 765.

[854] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XLI, fol. 391 (second page), XLIII, fol. 393 (second page).

[855] Père Anselme, Tome VII, pp. 765-6.

[856] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, XV, fol. 101 (second page).

[857] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[858] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, XLV, fol. 135 (second page).

[859] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, XVI, fol. 206 (second page).

[860] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XX, fol. 369 (second page).

[861] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XX, fol. 369 (second page).

[862] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XX, fol. 369 (second page).

[863] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. X, XX, fol. 369 (second page).

[864] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[865] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VIII, XVI, fol. 206 (second page).

[866] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[867] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, fol. 90 (first page).

[868] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, X, fol. 95 (second page).

[869] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[870] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VI, LXXVII, fol. 82 (second page).

[871] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[872] Zurita (1668), Tome II, lib. VII, LVIII, fol. 150 (first page).

[873] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[874] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[875] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[876] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[877] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[878] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[879] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[880] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[881] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[882] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[883] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[884] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[885] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[886] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[887] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVIII, p. 701.

[888] Fara, Liber II, p. 230.

[889] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, X, p. 156.

[890] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXIII, p. 195.

[891] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, X, p. 184.

[892] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, X, p. 184.

[893] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XIX, p. 191.

[894] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XX, p. 192.

[895] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXIII, p. 195.

[896] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LVII, p. 217.

[897] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXII, p. 225.

[898] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CI, p. 244.

[899] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXII, p. 225.

[900] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CI, p. 244.

[901] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CI, p. 244.

[902] Tola (1837), Vol. I, p. 119.

[903] Tola (1837), Vol. I, p. 119.

[904] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, IX, p. 309.

[905] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, p. 375, footnote (1).

[906] Tola (1838), Vol. III, p. 22.

[907] Tola (1838), Vol. III, p. 22.

[908] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXI, fol. 417 (first page), fol. 418 (first page).

[909] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXVI, p. 418.

[910] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXIX, fol. 424 (second page), fol. 425 (first page).

[911] Annales Veteres Mutinensium, RIS, XI, col. 75.

[912] Gualvanei de la Flamma opusculum de rebus gestis Azonis Vicecomitis, RIS XIV, col. 998.

[913] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXVIII, fol. 424 (first page).

[914] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXIX, fol. 424 (second page), fol. 425 (first page).

[915] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLVII, p. 340.

[916] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLX, p. 342.

[917] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXII, p. 349.

[918] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, IX, p. 309.

[919] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXX, p. 324.

[920] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLIII, p. 334.

[921] Tola (1837), Vol. I, p. 119.

[922] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, IX, p. 309.

[923] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLIII, p. 334.

[924] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LVIII, p. 347.

[925] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome VI, col. 11.

[926] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXVIII, p. 358.

[927] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLIII, p. 334.

[928] Fara, Liber II, p. 227.

[929] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome VI, col. 9.

[930] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome VI, col. 13.

[931] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXII, p. 356.

[932] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXVI, p. 357.

[933] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXI, fol. 417 (first page), fol. 418 (first page).

[934] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXI, fol. 417 (first page), fol. 418 (first page).

[935] Fara, Liber II, p. 219.

[936] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, VI, p. 153.

[937] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LVI, p. 216.

[938] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, VI, p. 153.

[939] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, X, p. 156.

[940] Fara, Liber II, p. 225.

[941] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LVI, p. 216.

[942] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXVIII, p. 199.

[943] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LVI, p. 216.

[944] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXVIII, p. 199.

[945] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XL, p. 206.

[946] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XL, p. 206.

[947] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LVI, p. 216.

[948] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LVII, p. 217.

[949] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LIX, p. 218.

[950] Fara, Liber II, p. 226.

[951] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LIX, p. 218.

[952] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXXIII, p. 234.

[953] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XCVII, p. 240.

[954] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CVIII, p. 250.

[955] Tola (1837), Vol. I, p. 117.

[956] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LIX, p. 218.

[957] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XCVII, p. 240.

[958] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CVIII, p. 250.

[959] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XCVII, p. 240.

[960] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CVIII, p. 250.

[961] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXXV, p. 269.

[962] Fara, Liber II, p. 227.

[963] Fara, Liber II, p. 226.

[964] Fara, Liber II, p. 226.

[965] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XCIII, p. 239.

[966] Fara, Liber II, p. 226.

[967] Fara, Liber II, p. 226.

[968] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXXVI, p. 270.

[969] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XX, p. 317.

[970] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 189, p. 59.

[971] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXXI, p. 326.

[972] Fara, Liber II, p. 227.

[973] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XX, p. 317.

[974] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXXVI, p. 270.

[975] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XX, p. 317.

[976] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXXI, p. 326.

[977] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLIV, p. 337.

[978] Fara, Liber II, p. 227.

[979] Fara, Liber II, p. 227.

[980] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LII, p. 343.

[981] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1235, MGH SS XXIII, p. 937.

[982] Fara, Liber II, p. 227.

[983] Fara, Liber II, p. 227.

[984] Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum, MGH SS XXII, p. 515.

[985] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LVIII, p. 347.

[986] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXII, p. 356.

[987] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXVI, p. 357.

[988] Annales Placentini Gibellini 1238, MGH SS XVIII, p. 480.

[989] Fara, Liber II, p. 227.

[990] Moriondus, J. B. (1790) Monumenta Aquensia (Turin), Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 178.

[991] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 135, p. 42, and State Archives, volume 25, page 11, fascicule 2.

[992] Regesto dei Marchesi di Saluzzo, 189, p. 59.

[993] Fara, Liber II, p. 227.

[994] Schneider, F. (ed.) (1907) Regestum Volaterranum, Regesta Chartarum Italiæ (Rome) ("Volterra") 197, p. 71.

[995] Volterra 185, p. 63.

[996] Volterra 194, p. 69.

[997] Volterra 197, p. 71.

[998] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 260.

[999] Volterra 185, p. 63.

[1000] Volterra 971, p. 330.

[1001] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 260.

[1002] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 260.

[1003] Hartwig, O. (1875) Quellen und Forschungen zur ältesten Geschichte der Stadt Florenz (Marburg), pp. 189-90.

[1004] Hartwig (1875), Sanzanomis Gesta Florentinorum, p. 6.

[1005] Sanzanomis Gesta Florentinorum, p. 5.

[1006] Poull (1994), p. 59.

[1007] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 263.

[1008] Annales Senenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 227.

[1009] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 149.

[1010] Benvenuto di San Giorgio, RIS XXIII, col. 337.

[1011] Ficker, J. (1874) Forschungen zue Reichs- und Rechtsgechichte Italiens (Innsbruck), Band IV, 151, p. 191.

[1012] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 149.

[1013] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 150.

[1014] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 150.

[1015] Annales Senenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 228.

[1016] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, VI, LXXX, RIS XIII, col. 212.

[1017] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 150.

[1018] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 150.

[1019] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, IX, LXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 481.

[1020] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 150.

[1021] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 150.

[1022] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, VI, LXII, RIS XIII, col. 195.

[1023] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 150.

[1024] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 150.

[1025] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 150.

[1026] Historia Johannis Villani Florentini, V, XXXVII, RIS XIII, col. 149.

[1027] Annales Mantuani, MGH SS XIX, p. 19.

[1028] Annales Mantuani, MGH SS XIX, pp. 25-6.

[1029] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 602.

[1030] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, pp. 239 and 241.

[1031] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 243.

[1032] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 244.

[1033] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 245.

[1034] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 241.

[1035] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 244.

[1036] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 244.

[1037] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 245.

[1038] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 260.

[1039] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 263.

[1040] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 266.

[1041] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 245.

[1042] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 262.

[1043] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 244.

[1044] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 260.

[1045] Annales Senenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 231.

[1046] Annales Senenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 232.

[1047] Annales Senenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 233.

[1048] Annales Senenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 233.

[1049] Muratori, L. A. (1778) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome XIV, col. 99.

[1050] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome III, col. 123.

[1051] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome III, col. 123.

[1052] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 245.

[1053] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 245.

[1054] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 245.

[1055] Volterra 191, p. 68.

[1056] Volterra 193, p. 69.

[1057] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 247.

[1058] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 260.

[1059] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, pp. 262-3.

[1060] Annales Senenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 226.

[1061] Annales Senenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 227.

[1062] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 658.

[1063] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome I, p. 660.

[1064] Volterra 424, p. 149.

[1065] Volterra 681, p. 226.

[1066] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 205.

[1067] Thomas Wykes, p. 241.

[1068] RHGF XX, Gesta Philippi Tertii Francorum Regis, p. 524.

[1069] Volterra 924, p. 312.

[1070] Volterra 930, p. 314.

[1071] Volterra 681, p. 226.

[1072] Muratori, L. A. (1773) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome II, p. 296.

[1073] Volterra 424, p. 149.

[1074] Volterra 171, p. 59.

[1075] Volterra 282, p. 97.

[1076] Volterra 307, p. 108.

[1077] Volterra 308, p. 109.

[1078] Volterra 308, p. 109.

[1079] Sanzanomis Gesta Florentinorum, p. 5.

[1080] Volterra 973, p. 331.

[1081] Volterra 930, p. 314.

[1082] Volterra 972, p. 331.

[1083] Volterra 973, p. 331.

[1084] Volterra 930, p. 314.

[1085] Volterra 973, p. 331.

[1086] Volterra 930, p. 314.

[1087] Volterra 930, p. 314.

[1088] Volterra 972, p. 331.

[1089] Volterra 973, p. 331.

[1090] Volterra 930, p. 314.

[1091] Volterra 973, p. 331.

[1092] Volterra 930, p. 314.

[1093] Volterra 973, p. 331.

[1094] Volterra 185, p. 63.

[1095] Volterra 194, p. 69.

[1096] Volterra 188, p. 67.

[1097] Volterra 151, p. 54.

[1098] Volterra 145, p. 52.

[1099] Volterra 151, p. 54.

[1100] Volterra 145, p. 52.

[1101] Volterra 176, p. 61.

[1102] Volterra 176, p. 61.

[1103] Volterra 176, p. 61.

[1104] Volterra 177, p. 61.

[1105] Volterra 154, p. 55.

[1106] Volterra 185, p. 63.

[1107] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, LXXVIII, p. 358.

[1108] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, p. 375, footnote (1).

[1109] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CX, p. 388.

[1110] Fara, Liber II, p. 228.

[1111] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CX, p. 388.

[1112] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXII, p. 391.

[1113] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CIV, p. 384.

[1114] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CX, p. 388.

[1115] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXII, p. 391.

[1116] Zurita (1669), Tome I, Lib. V, LXI, fol. 417 (first page), fol. 418 (first page).

[1117] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXVI, p. 418.

[1118] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXX, p. 440.

[1119] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXX, p. 440.

[1120] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXXIII, p. 445.

[1121] Tola (1838), Vol. III, p. 22.

[1122] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXX, p. 440.

[1123] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXXI, p. 442.

[1124] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXII, p. 391.

[1125] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XXXIV, p. 681.

[1126] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, CXXIX, p. 440.

[1127] Codex Diplomaticus Sardiniæ, Tome I, XLII, p. 692.

[1128] Ficker (1874), Band IV, 72, p. 98.

[1129] D H IV 358, p. 472.

[1130] Ficker (1874), Band IV, 72, p. 98.

[1131] Ficker (1874), Band IV, 72, p. 98.

[1132] Volterra 167, p. 58.

[1133] Volterra 176, p. 61.

[1134] Volterra 176, p. 61.

[1135] Volterra 176, p. 61.

[1136] Volterra 172, p. 60.

[1137] Volterra 172, p. 60.

[1138] Volterra 165, p. 58.

[1139] Volterra 164, p. 58.

[1140] Volterra 165, p. 58.

[1141] Volterra 164, p. 58.

[1142] Volterra 165, p. 58.

[1143] Volterra 185, p. 63.

[1144] Volterra 186, p. 64.

[1145] Volterra 191, p. 68.

[1146] Volterra 194, p. 69.

[1147] Volterra 194, p. 69.

[1148] Volterra 194, p. 69.

[1149] Volterra 194, p. 69.

[1150] Volterra 194, p. 69.

[1151] Verci, G. (1779) Storia degli Ecelini, Tomo III, Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano (Bassano) ("Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano"), XLVIII, p. 85.

[1152] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 601.

[1153] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 601.

[1154] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 601.

[1155] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 602.

[1156] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 602.

[1157] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 602.

[1158] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 602.

[1159] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 602.

[1160] Osio, L. (ed.) (1864) Documenti Diplomatici tratti dagli archivii Milanesi (Milan) ("Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi"), Vol. I, CCL, p. 376.

[1161] Leibnitz, G. W. (1711) Scriptorum Brunsvicensia illustrantium, Tome III (Hannover), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 389.

[1162] Mencke, J. B. (1728) Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, præcipue Saxonicarum, Tome II (Leipzig), XVII Monumenta Landgraviorum Thuringiæ et Marchionum Misniæ, Epitaphia ex Athenis Vitemberg Sennerti, col. 850.

[1163] Chronicon Bergomense, Chronicon Successuum Guelforum et Gibellinorum, RIS XVI, col. 858.

[1164] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 417.

[1165] Muratori, L. A. (1777) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome XI, Chronicon Patavinum, col. 262.

[1166] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 602.

[1167] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 602.

[1168] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 601.

[1169] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 602.

[1170] Gloria, A. (ed.) (1877) Codice Diplomatico Padovano al secolo sesto a tutto l’undecimo (Venice) ("Codice Diplomatico Padovano"), 228, p. 255.

[1171] Codice Diplomatico Padovano, 243, p. 270.

[1172] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, IX, p. 19.

[1173] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XII, p. 23.

[1174] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XIV, p. 25.

[1175] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XV, p. 26.

[1176] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XIV, p. 25.

[1177] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXIV, p. 36.

[1178] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXIV, p. 36.

[1179] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, IX, p. 19.

[1180] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XII, p. 23.

[1181] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XV, p. 26.

[1182] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXIV, p. 36.

[1183] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXV, p. 37, quoting Meichelbeck, C. (1724) Historia Frisingensis, Tome I, p. 353.

[1184] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXVI, p. 38, quoting Meichelbeck, C. (1724) Historia Frisingensis, Tome II, MCCCXL, p. 558.

[1185] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXVII, p. 39, quoting "Ex Tabulario Comitum Sambonifaciorum".

[1186] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXX, p. 44.

[1187] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXXII, p. 46.

[1188] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXXIII, p. 47.

[1189] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXXVII, p. 54.

[1190] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XLVI, p. 83.

[1191] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1192] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LIX, p. 111.

[1193] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LXVII, p. 135.

[1194] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXVI, p. 38, quoting Meichelbeck, C. (1724) Historia Frisingensis, Tome II, MCCCXL, p. 558.

[1195] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XLVIII, p. 85.

[1196] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1197] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LV, p. 108.

[1198] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LVIII, p. 111.

[1199] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LXXII, p. 144.

[1200] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LXXXVII, p. 164.

[1201] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LXXXVIII, p. 164.

[1202] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XC, p. 168.

[1203] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, CIII, p. 200.

[1204] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1205] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1206] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1207] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1208] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1209] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1210] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LXXV, p. 148.

[1211] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LXXXIX, p. 167.

[1212] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1213] Gerardi Maurisii Historia, RIS, VIII, col. 15-16.

[1214] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1215] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1216] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XC, p. 168.

[1217] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, CIII, p. 200.

[1218] Alberti Miliolo Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus, De Gestis comitisse Matildis suorumque antecessorum CCLXV, MGH SS XXXI, pp. 525-6.

[1219] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1220] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, pp. 10-1.

[1221] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. V, 12, MGH SS XIX, p. 81.

[1222] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1223] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1224] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. I, MGH SS XIX, pp. 40-1.

[1225] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, CCLXXVII, p. 496.

[1226] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1227] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1228] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LVI, p. 108.

[1229] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. II, 2, MGH SS XIX, p. 48.

[1230] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1231] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1232] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1233] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. III, 9, MGH SS XIX, p. 60.

[1234] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1235] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LIX, p. 111.

[1236] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LIX, p. 111.

[1237] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1238] Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam, Ordinis Minorem, MGH SS XXXII, p. 367.

[1239] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XCV, p. 184.

[1240] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, CIII, p. 200.

[1241] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, CIX, p. 214.

[1242] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 15.

[1243] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1244] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. XII, 16, MGH SS XIX, p. 146.

[1245] Cipolla, C. (ed.) Annales Veronenses Antiqui, Bulletino dell’Istituto Storico Italiano, No. 29 (Rome, 1908) ("Annales Veronenses Antiqui"), p. 56.

[1246] Annales S. Iustinæ Patavini, MGH SS XIX, p. 157.

[1247] Gerardi Maurisii Historia, RIS, VIII, col. 54.

[1248] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. XII, 16, MGH SS XIX, p. 146.

[1249] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 9.

[1250] Annales S. Iustinæ Patavini, MGH SS XIX, p. 157.

[1251] Gerardi Maurisii Historia, RIS, VIII, col. 41.

[1252] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. XII, 16, MGH SS XIX, p. 146.

[1253] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, CCIII, p. 347.

[1254] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 15.

[1255] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1256] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. XII, 16, MGH SS XIX, p. 146.

[1257] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, CCIII, p. 347.

[1258] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 15.

[1259] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1260] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. XII, 16, MGH SS XIX, p. 146.

[1261] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, CCIII, p. 347.

[1262] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 15.

[1263] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1264] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. XII, 16, MGH SS XIX, p. 146.

[1265] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, CCIII, p. 347.

[1266] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1267] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. XII, 16, MGH SS XIX, p. 146.

[1268] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1269] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. XII, 16, MGH SS XIX, p. 146.

[1270] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1271] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. XII, 16, MGH SS XIX, p. 146.

[1272] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1273] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. XII, 16, MGH SS XIX, p. 146.

[1274] Annales S. Iustinæ Patavini, MGH SS XIX, p. 149.

[1275] Annales Veronenses, Annales Parisii de Cereta, MGH SS XIX, p. 2.

[1276] Annales Veronenses Antiqui, p. 32.

[1277] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XXVII, p. 39, quoting "Ex Tabulario Comitum Sambonifaciorum".

[1278] Annales Veronenses Antiqui, p. 39.

[1279] Annales Veronenses, Annales Breves, MGH SS XIX, p. 4.

[1280] Annales Veronenses, Annales Sanctæ Trinitatis, MGH SS XIX, p. 4.

[1281] Ricciardi Comitis Sancti Bonifacii Vita, RIS, VIII, col. 122.

[1282] Annales Veronenses, Annales Sanctæ Trinitatis, MGH SS XIX, p. 5.

[1283] Annales Veronenses, Annales Parisii de Cereta, MGH SS XIX, p. 6.

[1284] Annales S. Iustinæ Patavini, MGH SS XIX, p. 149.

[1285] Verona Mantua Relazioni, VI, p. 16.

[1286] Verona Mantua Relazioni, VIII, p. 23.

[1287] Annales Veronenses, Annales Parisii de Cereta, MGH SS XIX, p. 6.

[1288] Annales Mantuani, MGH SS XIX, p. 20.

[1289] Annales Veronenses Antiqui, p. 53.

[1290] Annales Veronenses Antiqui, p. 56.

[1291] Annales Veronenses Antiqui, p. 40.

[1292] Cipolla, C. (1901) Documenti per la storia delle relazioni fra Verona e Mantova nel secolo XIII, Bibliotheca Historica Italica, Series altera, Vol. I (Milan) ("Verona Mantua Relazioni"), II, p. 13.

[1293] Ricciardi Comitis Sancti Bonifacii Vita, RIS, VIII, col. 124.

[1294] Ricciardi Comitis Sancti Bonifacii Vita, RIS, VIII, col. 122.

[1295] Verona Mantua Relazioni, XVII, p. 36.

[1296] Annales Mantuani, MGH SS XIX, p. 21.

[1297] Annales Veronenses, Annales Parisii de Cereta, MGH SS XIX, p. 7.

[1298] Annales Mantuani, MGH SS XIX, p. 22.

[1299] Annales Mantuani, MGH SS XIX, p. 22.

[1300] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 14.

[1301] Annales S. Iustinæ Patavini, MGH SS XIX, p. 162.

[1302] Cronica Alberti de Bezanis, MGH SS rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum II (Hannover, 1908), p. 46.

[1303] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. I, MGH SS XIX, pp. 40-1.

[1304] Rolandini Patavini Chronica, Lib. V, 11, MGH SS XIX, p. 81.

[1305] Ricciardi Comitis Sancti Bonifacii Vita, RIS, VIII, col. 132.

[1306] Annales S. Iustinæ Patavini, MGH SS XIX, p. 162.

[1307] Verona Mantua Relazioni, XXX, p. 61.

[1308] Verona Mantua Relazioni, XXXII, p. 65.

[1309] Verona Mantua Relazioni, XXXIII, p. 69.

[1310] Verona Mantua Relazioni, XXXVII, p. 94.

[1311] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1312] Annales Mantuani, MGH SS XIX, p. 23.

[1313] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1314] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. CVIII, RIS XVI, col. 710.

[1315] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 15.

[1316] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 15.

[1317] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 15.

[1318] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1319] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, p. 16.

[1320] Verona Mantua Relazioni, XXXIV, p. 83.

[1321] Verona Mantua Relazioni, XLIII, p. 122.

[1322] Annales Veronenses, MGH SS XIX, pp. 17-18.

[1323] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1324] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1325] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1326] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1327] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 597.

[1328] Annales Mantuani, MGH SS XIX, pp. 27 and 28.

[1329] Verona Mantua Relazioni, XLVI, p. 151.

[1330] Verona Mantua Relazioni, LIX, p. 236.

[1331] Verona Mantua Relazioni, LXI, p. 260.

[1332] Verona Mantua Relazioni, LXIII, p. 271.

[1333] Chronicon Estense, RIS XVI, col. 341.

[1334] Verona Mantua Relazioni, LXVII, p. 355.

[1335] Verona Mantua Relazioni, LXVII, p. 359.

[1336] Verona Mantua Relazioni, LXVII, p. 377.

[1337] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1338] Verona Mantua Relazioni, LXI, p. 260.

[1339] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1340] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1341] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1342] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1343] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 597.

[1344] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 416.

[1345] Annales Mantuani, MGH SS XIX, p. 30.

[1346] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1347] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 597.

[1348] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. LXIII, RIS XVI, col. 682.

[1349] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1350] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1351] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1352] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 416.

[1353] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 597.

[1354] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. XXXI, RIS XVI, col. 663.

[1355] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 416.

[1356] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 597.

[1357] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 417.

[1358] Muratori, L. A. (1778) Antiquitates Italicæ Medii ævi, Tome XII, Chronicon Patavinum, col. 262.

[1359] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 417.

[1360] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 421.

[1361] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 598.

[1362] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 418.

[1363] Boehmer, J. F. (1868) Fontes Rerum Germanicarum, Band IV (Stuttgart), Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven 1316-1361, p. 73.

[1364] Boehmer, J. F. (1868) Fontes Rerum Germanicarum, Band IV (Stuttgart), Matthias Nuewenburgensis, Continuatio, p. 277.

[1365] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 421.

[1366] Schannat, J. F. (1724) Vindemiæ Literariæ (Fulda, Leipzig), Tome II, Anonymi Chronicon Wirtembergense, p. 27.

[1367] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 418.

[1368] ES XVI 4, extinct in the male line in 1598.

[1369] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 417.

[1370] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XIII, RIS XVI, col. 392.

[1371] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 598.

[1372] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 598.

[1373] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 542.

[1374] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 548.

[1375] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 598.

[1376] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 542.

[1377] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 549.

[1378] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 598.

[1379] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. CXLIX, RIS XVI, col. 803.

[1380] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXXIII, p. 318.

[1381] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 417.

[1382] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XIII, RIS XVI, col. 392.

[1383] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 543.

[1384] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 598.

[1385] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 598.

[1386] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XI, RIS XVI, col. 324.

[1387] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. CXVI, RIS XVI, col. 721.

[1388] Marie José (1956), p. 136.

[1389] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 546.

[1390] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. CXLV, RIS XVI, cols. 777-8.

[1391] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XIII and XV, RIS XVI, cols. 392 and 421.

[1392] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CXXVIII, p. 186.

[1393] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 418.

[1394] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 606.

[1395] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 721.

[1396] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 721.

[1397] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LXXXVII, p. 164.

[1398] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 260.

[1399] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XX, p. 32.

[1400] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, XX, p. 32.

[1401] Bernardi Marangonis Annales Pisani, MGH SS XIX, p. 260.

[1402] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LXXXVIII, p. 164.

[1403] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LXXXVIII, p. 164.

[1404] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LXXXVIII, p. 164.

[1405] Codice Diplomatico Eceliniano, LXXXVIII, p. 164.