Apart from the county of Toulouse itself, during the 9th to 12th centuries the comtes de Toulouse extended their jurisdiction over the counties of Albi, Quercy and Rouergue/Rodez to the east and north of Toulouse, the county of Comminges to the west, the counties of Agde/Béziers, Carcassonne/Narbonne, Foix, Melgueil/Substantion to the south-east, and the counties of Gévaudan, Nîmes and Uzès further to the east. This situation, where a count was suzerain of other counts, was unique in medieval France. The process was achieved in three stages. Firstly, during the mid-9th century, the counties of Albi and Rouergue passed to the counts of Toulouse, either by inheritance or grant. Secondly, in [918] the comtes de Toulouse succeeded to the marquisate of Gothie (Septimanie), which had controlled much of Languedoc-Roussillon. In the case of the counties within the marquisate, the other counts were therefore vassals of the comte de Toulouse in his capacity as marquis de Gothie, although the title had fallen into disuse by the end of the 10th century. Lastly, the comtes de Toulouse inherited the marquisate of Provence at the end of the 11th century, extending their jurisdiction eastwards.

Each of these counties is dealt with in a separate chapter in the present document. Background information on each group of noble families is included in the introduction to each chapter.

An earlier version of this document was reviewed in detail by Jean-Claude Chuat, whose contributions are marked "[J.-C. Chuat]" in the end-notes. I am grateful for his helpful collaboration.

Chapter 1. COMTES d'AGDE

The history of the county of Agde is obscure. The cartulary of Agde, which includes 137 charters dated between 824 and 1147, refers to the "comitatu Agathense" in nearly every document but there is no mention of a "Comte d'Agde". An isolated reference has been found to Count Apollonius dated to 872. It is assumed that, during this period, the bishop of Agde acquired and maintained temporal power in the county of Agde, acting through the vicomtes d´Agde (who were also vicomtes de Béziers), although it has not been possible to confirm this hypothesis from the primary sources which have so far been consulted during the preparation of this document. Some time during the mid-10th century, it is likely that the county of Agde fell under the influence of the comtes de Rouergue, as indicated by a charter dated 2 Jul 972 which records a hearing at Nîmes by "Raymondus comes et marchio" relating to "ecclesiam Sancti Martini…in comitatu Agatense"[1], although it is not entirely certain whether the document refers to Raymond [II] Comte de Rouergue or to the shadowy Raymond IV Comte de Toulouse. On the death in [1063/64] of Berthe, grand-daughter of Comte Raymond [II], without direct heirs, the counties within the sphere of influence of the comtes de Rouergue (assessed to be Agde/Béziers, Narbonne, Rouergue and Uzès) reverted to Guillaume IV Comte de Toulouse. Comte Guillaume IV is referred to as "Guillelmus Tolonanensium, Albensium seu Caturcensium, Lutevensium, Petragorensium, Carcassonensium, Aginnensium necne Astarachensium comes et dux" in a charter dated 16 Jun 1080 by which he confirmed earlier donations to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières[2]. The extent of the influence of the comtes de Toulouse in the county of Agde must have been limited in the early 12th century, as demonstrated by Bernard Vicomte de Béziers swearing allegiance to the Bishop of Agde, not the comte de Toulouse, under a charter dated [1101][3]. The end of the semi-autonomous vicomté d´Agde can probably be dated to 2 May 1214 when Bernard Athon [VI] Vicomte de Nîmes et d´Agde transferred his vicomtés to Simon de Montfort[4]. When the titles and counties held by the latter reverted to the comtes de Toulouse in 1217, it is assumed that whatever temporal power he enjoyed in the county of Agde was also transferred.

A. COMTES d'AGDE

1. APOLLONIUS (-after 23 Sep 872). Comte d´Agde. "Apollonius comes" donated property to the church of Agde by charter dated 23 Sep 872[5].

B. VICOMTES de BEZIERS et d´AGDE

The town of Beziers was governed by a vicomte from the mid-9th century. No references have yet been found to “comtes” de Beziers and it is assumed that the area never evolved as a separate county but formed part of the county of Agde, probably under the suzerainty of the bishop of Agde as discussed in the Introduction to this chapter. Another possibility is that the vicomte de Béziers may have been vassals of the comtes de Carcassonne, as a charter dated 1007 refers to a donation to "Raimundo comiti", identified as the comte de Carcassonne[6], although it is of course possible that the vicomte owed allegiance both to the bishop and to the comte for different territories within his viscomté.

The family relationship. if any, between the first seven vicomtes de Béziers shown below cannot be traced. However, the repetition of the names Rainard and Guillaume suggest that they may have been related, although it cannot be assumed that this was through a straight father to son agnatic line. On the death in 1067 of Raymond Roger [II] Comte de Carcassonne, the vicomté of Beziers was inherited by Raymond Roger´s sister Ermengarde who married Raymond Bernard "Trencavel" Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. Subsequent vicomtes de Béziers are shown in Part C of this chapter. Early in the 11th century, the vassal relationship of the vicomtes de Beziers appears to have changed, as "Bernardus vicecomes" swore allegiance to Bernard Bishop of Agde under a charter dated [1101][7]. There is no indication in the cartulary precisely how or when the change may have occurred. The family of the vicomtes de Béziers became extinct in the male line with the death in 1263 of Vicomte Trencavel, when the vicomté was transferred to the French kingdom in accordance with an agreement made by the last vicomte in 1247.

1. ANTOINE, son of [WANDREGISIL of Aquitaine & his wife Marie ---] (-after 30 Jan 845). The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Bernarthi…Athonis nunc Palliavensis comitis…Antonii hodie vicecomitis Bitterrensis…idemque Asinarii nunc etiam Lupiniacensis ac Solensis vicecomitis" as sons of "Vandregisilus comes consanguineus noster…" & his wife[8], although the name "Antoine" seems atypical of the time. Vicomte de Beziers. “Antonii vicecomitis Bitterensis” is named as founder of the abbey of Saint-Antoine de Lezat in an oration of the abbey[9]. m ADOIRA, daughter of ---. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Adoyra" as wife of "Antonii hodie vicecomitis Bitterrensis"[10].

2. RAINARD [I] (-[Jul/Dec] 897). Carloman King of the West Franks granted "Aspiranum et Albinianum villas in Biterrensi pago sitas…et ecclesiam…sancti Felicis…in villa Calobrice" to "fidelum nostrum Rainardum" donated property to the church of Agde by charter dated 29 Aug 881[11]. Vicomte de Béziers. "Fructuarium…Bitterensis ecclesiæ episcopum" exchanged property "in comitatu Avinionensi…villam…Tavellis cum ecclesiis Sancti Petri…et Sancti Ferreoli" with "Rainardum eiusdem comitatus vicecomitem et uxoris eius Didam" in return for "villam…Aspiranum cum ecclesia Sancti Romani…et in villare Albiniano" by charter dated 16 Jul 897, subscribed by "Arsindis, Bosoni…"[12]. m DIDA, sister of BOSON Bishop of Agde, daughter of --- (-after 897). "Fructuarium…Bitterensis ecclesiæ episcopum" exchanged property "in comitatu Avinionensi…villam…Tavellis cum ecclesiis Sancti Petri…et Sancti Ferreoli" with "Rainardum eiusdem comitatus vicecomitem et uxoris eius Didam" in return for "villam…Aspiranum cum ecclesia Sancti Romani…et in villare Albiniano" by charter dated 16 Jul 897[13].

3. BOSON (-920). "Arsindis, Bosoni…" subscribed the charter dated 16 Jul 897 under which "Fructuarium…Bitterensis ecclesiæ episcopum" exchanged property "in comitatu Avinionensi…villam…Tavellis cum ecclesiis Sancti Petri…et Sancti Ferreoli" with "Rainardum eiusdem comitatus vicecomitem et uxoris eius Didam" in return for "villam…Aspiranum cum ecclesia Sancti Romani…et in villare Albiniano"[14]. It is likely that "Bosoni" was the same person who is recorded as Rainard [I]´s successor as Vicomte de Béziers. The fact that his name follows "Arsindis" in the list of subscribers suggests that she was considered more senior in rank. One explanation could be that Arsinde was the daughter of Vicomte Rainard [I] and Boson was her husband. Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde. A charter dated 897 records an enquiry made by "Boso vicecomes Biterrensis et Agathensis"[15]. 920.

4. THEUDON (-936 or after). Vicomte [de Béziers]. "Teudo et Odo vicecomites" donated property to the church of Béziers Saint-Nazaire as executors of the testament of "quondam domni Reginardi episcopi Biterrensis" by charter dated 19 Mar 933[16].

5. EUDES (-after 19 Mar 933). Vicomte [de Béziers]. "Teudo et Odo vicecomites" donated property to the church of Béziers Saint-Nazaire as executors of the testament of "quondam domni Reginardi episcopi Biterrensis" by charter dated 19 Mar 933[17].

6. GUILLAUME [I] . Vicomte [d'Agde]. "Rainardo, Guillelmo vice comite…" subscribed the charter dated 3 Nov 956 under which "Udalfreda…et…filia mea Berta" donated property "in regno Provincie, in comitatu Venaxino, in villa Beduino…et in villa Vacidolo", naming "viro meo Gaucelino"[18].

7. RAINARD [II] (-[6 Mar 967/23 Oct 969], bur Saint-Jacques). 956. Vicomte de Béziers. "Rainardus vicecomes" signed a charter dated 6 Mar 967 under which "Aldo et uxor mea Sesenauda" exchanged property with Bernard Bishop of Béziers[19]. A charter dated 23 Oct 969 records the execution of the testament of "Reginardi vicecomitis" by his executors "…Garsindis vicecomitissa…", specifying that the testator requested burial "ad ecclesiam Sancti Jacobi", with the consent of "Willelmus vicecomes"[20]. m GARSINDIS, daughter of --- (-after 23 Oct 969). A charter dated 23 Oct 969 records the execution of the testament of "Reginardi vicecomitis" by his executors "…Garsindis vicecomitissa…", specifying that the testator requested burial "ad ecclesiam Sancti Jacobi", with the consent of "Willelmus vicecomes"[21]. Rainard [II] & his wife had [one] child:

a) [GUILLAUME [II] ([945]-after 21 Jul 1007). The proof that Guillaume [II] was the son of Rainard [II] has not been found. However, his consent to the execution of his supposed father´s testament, and his naming his daughter after his supposed mother, strongly suggest that the affiliation is correct. "Diaz, femina, et vir meus Isimbertus consentiens" donated property "in comitatu Agathensi in…villa Pineto", specifying that the property came to them "ex commutatione de Guillelmo vicecomite et de uxore sua Ermetructes", by charter dated 7 Apr 967[22]. Vicomte de Béziers. A charter dated 23 Oct 969 records the execution of the testament of "Reginardi vicecomitis" by his executors "…Garsindis vicecomitissa…", specifying that the testator requested burial "ad ecclesiam Sancti Jacobi", with the consent of "Willelmus vicecomes"[23]. "Willelmo vicecomite" is named as present in the charter dated 20 Sep 983 which publishes the testament of Pons[24]. "Willelmus vicecomes et uxor mea Ermetructis vicecomitissa" donated property "in comitatu Biterrense villa…Lignano" to the church of Béziers by charter dated 24 Aug 977[25]. "Dominus Willelmus vicecomes Biterrensis", on leaving on pilgrimage for Rome, and "uxor sua Arsindis" relinquished claims in favour of the abbey of Saint-Thibéry by charter dated 28 Feb 990[26]. The testament of "Guillelmus vicecomes", dated 990, appointed "…Arsindis vicecomitissa…" among his executors and named "filia sua Garsindis…filia mea Senegundis"[27]. "Guillelmus vicecomes et uxor mea…Arsindis" exchanged property with Matfred Bishop of Béziers by charter dated 17 Aug 994[28]. "Ratulfus et uxor mea Lugrizia…" gave property "in comitatu Agathense in villa Almas" to "Raimundo comiti et uxore tue Garsindi comitisse" by charter dated 21 Jul 1007, which also names "Guillelmo vicecomes" but gives no indication of any relationship between the latter and Garsindis[29]. m firstly ERMENTRUDE, daughter of --- (-after 24 Aug 977). "Diaz, femina, et vir meus Isimbertus consentiens" donated property "in comitatu Agathensi in…villa Pineto", specifying that the property came to them "ex commutatione de Guillelmo vicecomite et de uxore sua Ermetructes", by charter dated 7 Apr 967[30]. "Willelmus vicecomes et uxor mea Ermetructis vicecomitissa" donated property "in comitatu Biterrense villa…Lignano" to the church of Béziers by charter dated 24 Aug 977[31]. m secondly (before 28 Feb 990) ARSINDE de Carcassonne, daughter of ROGER [I] de Comminges Comte de Carcassonne & his wife Adelais --- (965-after 12 Aug 993). "Dominus Willelmus vicecomes Biterrensis", on leaving on pilgrimage for Rome, and "uxor sua Arsindis" relinquished claims in favour of the abbey of Saint-Thibéry by charter dated 28 Feb 990[32]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. The testament of "Guillelmus vicecomes", dated 990, appointed "…Arsindis vicecomitissa…" among his executors and named "filia sua Garsindis…filia mea Senegundis"[33]. "Guillelmus vicecomes et uxor mea…Arsindis" exchanged property with Matfred Bishop of Béziers by charter dated 17 Aug 994[34]. Comte Guillaume [II] & his first wife had one child:

i) GARSINDIS de Béziers (975-after 29 Sep 1043). The testament of "Guillelmus vicecomes", dated 990, appointed "…Arsindis vicecomitissa…" among his executors and named "filia sua Garsindis…filia mea Senegundis"[35]. "Ratulfus et uxor mea Lugrizia…" gave property "in comitatu Agathense in villa Almas" to "Raimundo comiti et uxore tue Garsindi comitisse" by charter dated 21 Jul 1007, which also names "Guillelmo vicecomes" but gives no indication of any relationship between the latter and Garsindis[36]. Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 26 Jun 1070 under which “Remundus Bernardi vicecomes cognomento Trencaveis et Ermengardis vicecomitissa conjux mea, filia…Rangardis comitissæ” transferred property to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii” which names “Guillermus vicecomes Biterrensis…avus Petri Raymundi”[37]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. A charter dated 28 Jul 1013 records a hearing of a claim by "Richardus per vocem uxoris suæ Senegundis" in Béziers against "Garsindis comitissa" who refers to property granted to her by "pater meus dominus Villelmus vicecomes"[38]. "Bernardus miles, Pelitus et infantes mei episcopi, id est Fredolus, presul et Geiraldus pontifex et Almeradus, et alii infantes mei, Raimundus et Bermundus et mater illorum Garsindis" donated property to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 20 Oct 1020, subscribed by "…Garsindis comitissa…"[39]. A charter dated 18 Dec 1029 records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus", for the soul of "genitoris nostri Barnardi", in the presence of "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…"[40]. "Garsendis comitissa…et filiis meis Petro et Guillelmo et Bermundo" donated property to Conques, for the souls of "genitoris mei Guillelmi…genetricis meæ et…Bernardi senioris mei et filii mei Remundi et…filiorum meorum Guillelmi, Petroni, Bermundi", by charter dated Aug [1034][41]. "Petrus Raimundi comes" donated property to the church of Béziers, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 29 Sep 1043[42]. m firstly (before 990) RAYMOND ROGER I Comte de Carcassonne, son of ROGER I de Comminges Comte de Carcassonne & his wife Adelais de Pons (-before Apr 1011). m secondly (1013) as his second wife, BERNARD "Pelet" Seigneur d'Anduze, son of ---.

Comte Guillaume [II] & his [first/second] wife had one child:

ii) SENEGONDE de Béziers (980-after 1013). The testament of "Guillelmus vicecomes", dated 990, appointed "…Arsindis vicecomitissa…" among his executors and named "filia sua Garsindis…filia mea Senegundis"[43]. A charter dated 28 Jul 1013 records a hearing of a claim by "Richardus per vocem uxoris suæ Senegundis" in Béziers against "Garsindis comitissa" who refers to property granted to her by "pater meus dominus Villelmus vicecomes"[44]. The primary source which confirms the identity of Senegonde's mother has not yet been identified, although it is implied from the testament of her father dated 990. m RICHARD [I] Vicomte de Millau, son of [BERENGER Vicomte de Millau & his wife ---] (-[1013/23]).

C. VICOMTES de BEZIERS (VICOMTES d'ALBI)

BERNARD ATON [IV] d'Albi, son of RAYMOND BERNARD "Trencavel" Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes & his wife Ermengarde de Carcassonne (-1129). "Ermengardis visce comitissa filia Rangardis" names "filio meo Bernardo Atto" in her charter dated Nov [1097/1107][45]. He succeeded his father in 1074 as Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. "Rogerius comes Fuxensis" and "Ermengarda vicecomitissa et…Bernardo Atonis filio eius" settled their disputes about the county of Carcassonne by charter dated 21 Apr 1095[46]. He succeeded his mother in [1099] as Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde, Vicomte de Carcassonne. "Bernardus vicecomes filius Ermengardis" swore allegiance to Bernard Bishop of Agde by charter dated [1101][47]. “Bernardus-Attone vicecomes Carcassonæ” swore allegiance to the abbot of la Grasse, in the presence of “filiorum meorum Rogerii et Trenquavilli…”, by charter dated 1110[48]. “Bernardus Atonis vicecomes et uxor eius Cæcilia et filii illorum Rogerius et Raymundus” made an agreement with “Lupete de Biterris et cum fratre suo Bernardus” by charter dated 2 Jun 1114[49]. “Philippæ comitissæ…Emmæ filia” reached agreement with “Bernardus-Atonis filius Ermengardis” by charter dated 1114[50]. A bull of Pope Pascal II dated to [1117] instructed the archbishop of Narbonne to issue an interdict against "Biterrensis vicecomes Bernardus" for having expelled the abbot of Saint-Gilles and erected a castle near the monastery[51]. The first testament of “Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Carcassonæ”, dated 7 May 1118, names “uxore meæ Cæciliæ”, leaves “Carcassonam et Carcassez et Redas et Redez…Terme et Termenez” to “Rotgerius filius meus” and “in Albi…Albiensi…in comitatu de Roderge aut in Cadurcensi aut in Tolosano aut in Narbonensi…Agde et Agadez et castellum de Pedenas” to “Raymundo Trencavel filio meo”[52]. A bull of Pope Calixtus II dated 22 Apr 1122 ordered "Bernardo Biterrensi vicecomiti, Bernardo de Andusia, Raimundo Decano de Poscheriis" to support the abbot and monks of Saint-Gilles against Alphonse Comte de Toulouse and others[53]. “Bernardus-Ato vicecomes et uxor mea Cæcilia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Rogerius et Raimundus et Bernardus” donated property confiscated from the rebels at Carcassonne to “Bernardo de Tresmals” by charter dated 5 Apr 1125[54]. The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, bequeathed "Carcassonam…Redas…Albiam…" to "Rotgerio primogenito filio meo", "Bezer…et Acde…et Cenceno" to "Raimundo Trincavello filio meo", "Nemausum" to "Bernardo filio meo", requested "etiam Rotgerio" to provide dowry for "sororem suam Paganam", and names "Mantilinæ filiæ meæ", witnessed by "Cæcilia vicecomitissa et Raimundo Poscheriarum Decano…"[55].

m (1083) CECILE de Provence, daughter of BERTRAND II Comte de Provence & his wife Mathilde --- (-1150). The marriage contract between "Bertramnus comes…sua filia" and "Bernardum-Atonem" is dated 1083[56]. "Guillermi nepotis Ermengardis vicecomitissa, Sisiliæ vicecomitissæ de Carcassona" subscribed the charter dated 22 Jun 1101 under which "Ermengardis Biterrensis vicecomitissa simul et Carcassonæ et filius meus Bernardus Ato pariter vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse at the time the latter was proposing a journey to Jerusalem[57]. "Bernardus Ato vicecomes Biterrensis et Carcassensis" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 21 Mar 1108 subscribed by "Cecilie uxori eius, Rogerii filius eius"[58]. "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes" by charter dated 20 Oct 1146[59]. "Trencavella filia Cæciliæ Biterrensis vicecomitissæ et…Geraldus filius eiusdem Trencavellæ" donated property to "sanctæ Mariæ Vallismagnæ et Petro abbati" by charter dated 1147, witnessed by “Cæciliæ vicecomitissæ Biterrensis, Trencavellæ eiusdem filiæ, Geraldi vicecomitis de Rossellon filius prædictæ Trencavellæ”[60]. An epitaph at the monastery of Ardorel records the death of "Caecilia"[61].

Vicomte Bernard Aton [IV] & his wife had seven children:

1. ROGER de Béziers (-12 Aug 1150). "Bernardus Ato vicecomes Biterrensis et Carcassensis" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 21 Mar 1108 subscribed by "Cecilie uxori eius, Rogerii filius eius"[62]. “Bernardus-Attone vicecomes Carcassonæ” swore allegiance to the abbot of la Grasse, in the presence of “filiorum meorum Rogerii et Trenquavilli…”, by charter dated 1110[63]. “Bernardus Atonis vicecomes et uxor eius Cæcilia et filii illorum Rogerius et Raymundus” made an agreement with “Lupete de Biterris et cum fratre suo Bernardus” by charter dated 2 Jun 1114[64]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records the visit to Jerusalem of "Vicecomes Biturrensis Raymundus cognomento Trenchavel", stating that he was "frater Rogerii, qui prole caruit, et Bernardis cognomento Atonis"[65]. The Inquisitio circa comitatum Carcassonæ names "Rogerius…major filius Vicecomitis", referring to "Bernardus-Atto vicecomes"[66]. The first testament of “Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Carcassonæ”, dated 1118, names “uxore meæ Cæciliæ”, leaves “Carcassonam et Carcassez et Redas et Redez…Terme et Termenez” to “Rotgerius filius meus” and “in Albi…Albiensi…in comitatu de Roderge aut in Cadurcensi aut in Tolosano aut in Narbonensi…Agde et Agadez et castellum de Pedenas” to “Raymundo Trencavel filio meo”[67]. “Bernardus-Ato vicecomes et uxor mea Cæcilia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Rogerius et Raimundus et Bernardus” donated property confiscated from the rebels at Carcassonne to “Bernardo de Tresmals” by charter dated 5 Apr 1125[68]. The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, bequeathed "Carcassonam…Redas…Albiam…" to "Rotgerio primogenito filio meo"[69]. Vicomte de Béziers. "Rogerius Biterrensis et uxor mea Bernarda vicecomitissa" issued a charter to the church of Carcassonne dated 28 Jun 1146[70]. "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes" by charter dated 20 Oct 1146[71]. The testament of "Rogerius de Biterri" is dated 12 Aug 1150 and names "Raimundo Trencavel fratri meo…Bernardæ vicecomitissæ uxori meæ"[72]. m (contract 28 Apr 1139) BERNARDE de Comminges, daughter of BERNARD [I] Comte de Comminges & his wife Dias de Samatan (-after 12 Aug 1150). Her marriage and parentage are confirmed by the marriage contract dated 28 Apr 1139 under which "Bernardus de Comenge et uxor mea Dias et filii nostri Bernardus de Comenge et Rogerius et Dodo de Samatano" granted property to "Bernardae filiae nostrae et viro tuo Rogerio de Biterri", which also names "Godafredus de Murello…pater meus Petrus Raymundi" as previous owners of "castrum de Murello" which he granted to "predictæ Dias filiæ meæ et viro suo Bernardo de Comenge"[73]. "Rogerius Biterrensis et uxor mea Bernarda vicecomitissa" issued a charter to the church of Carcassonne dated 28 Jun 1146[74]. The testament of "Rogerius de Biterri" is dated 12 Aug 1150 and names "Raimundo Trencavel fratri meo…Bernardæ vicecomitissæ uxori meæ"[75].

2. RAYMOND "Trencavel" de Béziers (-murdered 15 Oct 1167). “Bernardus-Attone vicecomes Carcassonæ” swore allegiance to the abbot of la Grasse, in the presence of “filiorum meorum Rogerii et Trenquavilli…”, by charter dated 1110[76], which suggests that Raymond Trencavel was the younger of the two sons named in the document. “Bernardus Atonis vicecomes et uxor eius Cæcilia et filii illorum Rogerius et Raymundus” made an agreement with “Lupete de Biterris et cum fratre suo Bernardus” by charter dated 2 Jun 1114[77]. Vicomte de Béziers, d'Agde, d'Albi, de Carcassonne et de Razès. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records the visit to Jerusalem of "Vicecomes Biturrensis Raymundus cognomento Trenchavel", stating that he was "frater Rogerii, qui prole caruit, et Bernardis cognomento Atonis"[78]. The first testament of “Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Carcassonæ”, dated 1118, names “uxore meæ Cæciliæ”, leaves “Carcassonam et Carcassez et Redas et Redez…Terme et Termenez” to “Rotgerius filius meus” and “in Albi…Albiensi…in comitatu de Roderge aut in Cadurcensi aut in Tolosano aut in Narbonensi…Agde et Agadez et castellum de Pedenas” to “Raymundo Trencavel filio meo”[79]. “Bernardus-Ato vicecomes et uxor mea Cæcilia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Rogerius et Raimundus et Bernardus” donated property confiscated from the rebels at Carcassonne to “Bernardo de Tresmals” by charter dated 5 Apr 1125[80]. The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, bequeathed "Bezer…et Acde…et Cenceno" to "Raimundo Trincavello filio meo"[81]. Vicomte de Beziers. "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes" by charter dated 20 Oct 1146[82]. The testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154 during his captivity in Toulouse, bequeathes “Balaguer et Chercorb et Chercorbez“ to “Cæciliæ meæ filiæ“, “meam minorem filiam“ to “Guilhermo de Montepessulano“ as his wife, and if he does not marry her requests “comitem de Barsalona“ to arrange her marriage to “filio Ugonis comitis“, appoints “Rogerio filio meo“ as his heir and if he dies childless “Cæciliæ meæ filiæ“, names “Hermengardæ de Narbona meæ consanguineæ“ and refers to but does not name “meam uxorem“[83]. The codicil of “R. Trencavels...vescoms de Besers" is dated to [1166][84]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "Raymundus Trenchavel vicecomes Biterrensis" was killed "a Burgensibus quadam Dominica Quadragesimæ in ecclesia B. Mariæ Magdalenæ", dated to [1167] from the context[85]. The Chronicle of Toulouse Saint-Saturnin records the death in 1167 of "Trencabels"[86]. The Chronicle of Nîmes records that "Trencavellus" was killed "dominica die in ecclesia S. Mariæ Magdalenæ" in 1167 by the people of Béziers[87]. The necrology of the priory of Cassan records the death "Id Oct" of "Raymundus Trencavelli vicecomes Biterrensis"[88]. m [firstly] ADELICIA, daughter of --- (-[28 Feb], after 21 Apr 1154). “Raymundus Trencavel vicecomes Biterris et uxor mea Adalaicia” donated property to “Raymundo de Pomairol et fratri tuo Poncio” by charter dated Dec 1137[89]. "Raymundus Trincavelli vicecomes Biterrensis et Adalais eius uxor" confirmed the foundation of the abbey of Valmagne by "Guillelmus de Omelaz frater Guillelmi de Montepessulano" by charter dated 1138[90]. The necrology of the priory of Cassan records the death "II Kal Mar" of "Adalicia Biterrensis vicecomitissa"[91]. m [secondly] [as her second husband,] SAURA, [widow of --- Comte de ---,] daughter of --- (-after 1 Nov 1163). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 16 Jul 1152 under which “Sichards de Laurag fils d´Ava” swore allegiance to "Raimuns Trencavel vescons de Beders fils de Cecilia vescomtesse et…Roger fils de Raimuns Trencavel et de Saura comtesse" for "lo castel de Montlauder"[92]. The fact that Saura is accorded the title “comtesse“ in this charter suggests that she must have been married before and that she retained the title after her first husband died. The testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154, refers to but does not name “meam uxorem“[93]. "Guillelmus de Termino filius Estriæ et…Petrus Olivarii filius Adalmus" swore allegiance to "Raymundo Trencavello filio Cæciliæ et Rogerio filio tuo et Sauræ comitissæ" for "castrum de Termino" by charter dated 1 Nov 1163[94]. Raymond & his [first] wife had two children:

a) daughter (-[before 21 Apr 1154]). "Rostagnus de Poscherias" confirmed agreement with "Raimundo vicecomite" relating to the marriage of "filiam suum…Rostagnus" and "filiam ipsius Raimundi", and, if Rostaing died, to "filios suos Petrum…" by charter dated to [1141][95]. This daughter is not named in her father´s will dated 21 Apr 1154 so presumably died before then, unless she was the same person as his daughter Cécile. Betrothed ([1131]) to, her first cousin, ROSTAING [II] de Posquières, son of ROSTAING [I] de Posquières & his wife Ermesinde de Béziers (-after 1146).

b) CECILE de Béziers (-after 4 Dec 1167). The testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154 during his captivity in Toulouse, bequeathes “Balaguer et Chercorb et Chercorbez“ to “Cæciliæ meæ filiæ“, appoints “Rogerio filio meo“ as his heir and if he dies childless “Cæciliæ meæ filiæ“[96]. The chronology suggests that Raymond´s two daughters would have been children of his second wife, named in 1137, if it is correct as shown above that he married twice. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 4 Dec 1167 under which “Raymundus comes Tolosæ" donated property to "Rogerio Bernardi Fuxensi comiti, viro Cæciliæ filiæ quondam Trencavelli, et eidem Cæciliæ" previously held by "Rogerius frater supra nominati Trencavelli in fine vitæ suæ"[97]. m ([1151]) ROGER BERNARD Comte de Foix, son of ROGER III Comte de Foix & his wife Jimena de Barcelona.

Raymond & his [second] wife had four children:

c) ROGER de Béziers (-20 Mar 1194). “Sichards de Laurag fils d´Ava” swore allegiance to "Raimuns Trencavel vescons de Beders fils de Cecilia vescomtesse et…Roger fils de Raimuns Trencavel et de Saura comtesse" for "lo castel de Montlauder" by charter dated 16 Jul 1152[98]. The testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154 during his captivity in Toulouse, appoints “Rogerio filio meo“ as his heir and if he dies childless “Cæciliæ meæ filiæ“[99]. “Sicardus filius Avæ” swore allegiance to “Raymundo Trencavelli filio Cæciliæ vicecomitissæ et...Rogerio filio R. Trencavelli et Sauræ comitissæ“ by charter dated 1158[100]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "Rogerius Raymundi filius" made peace after his father was killed[101]. Vicomte de Béziers. “Raymundus...dux Narbonnæ, comes Tolosæ, marchio Provinciæ, filius Ildefonsi comitis et Faiditæ" swore allegiance to "Rogerio filio Trencavelli et Sauræ" by charter dated 1171[102]. "Dominus Rogerius vicecomes Biterrensis et Carcassensis et Reddensis atque Albiensis" donated all his property to "dominus meus Ildefonsus...rex Aragonensium, comes Barchinonensis, marchio Provinciæ...filio tuo...Ildefonso" whom he adopted as his son by charter dated Jun 1183[103]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death "x dies defra abril" in 1194 of "Rotgier viscoms de Bezers"[104]. The necrology of the priory of Cassan records the death "XIII Kal Apr" of "Rotgerius vicecomes Biterrensis frater noster"[105]. m (1171) ADELAIDE de Toulouse, daughter of RAYMOND V Comte de Toulouse & his wife Constance de France (-after Aug 1199). The marriage contract between “Raymundus...dux Narbonnæ, comes Tolosæ, marchio Provinciæ...filiam meam Adalaisiam" and "Rogerio Biterrensi vicecomiti" is dated 1171[106]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "filia Tolosani Alaizia" and "Rogerius Biterrensis vir eius" surrendered "castrum Legato" during a campaign against the Albigeois by "Henricus Albanensis Episcopus" (in 1181 from the context)[107]. Her date of death is set by the charter dated Aug 1199 under which "Raymundus Rogerius vicecomes" donated property, on the advice of "Adelaicis dominæ matris meæ..."[108]. Roger & his wife had one child:

i) RAYMOND ROGER de Béziers (1185-Carcassonne 10 Nov 1209). A charter dated 1191 records oaths of allegiance sworn to "Rogerii vicecomitis Biterrensis...et...Raymundo Rogerio filio prædicti D. Rogerii"[109]. His date of birth is set by the charter dated Jun 1183 under which "dominus Rogerius vicecomes Biterrensis et Carcassensis et Reddensis atque Albiensis" donated all his property to "dominus meus Ildefonsus...rex Aragonensium, comes Barchinonensis, marchio Provinciæ...filio tuo...Ildefonso" whom he adopted as his son[110], which no doubt Vicomte Roger would not have done if his own son had been born then or if his wife had been pregnant at that date. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the birth in 1185 of "Rogiers vescoms de Bezers"[111]. Vicomte de Béziers. "Raymundus Rotgerii vicecomitis Biterris" granted all his lands to "Raymundo-Rotgerii comiti Fuxi consanguineo meo" if he died childless, by charter dated Mar 1201[112]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "Rogerus autem vicecomes de Bediers filius Trenkevel" was captured at Carcassonne as a heretic and died in prison in 1209[113]. The necrology of Carcassonne records the death "IV Id Nov" in 1209 of "Rogerius vicecomes Biterris...in congressu ante Carcassonam"[114]. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records that Béziers was destroyed in 1209[115]. m ([1204]) AGNES de Montpellier, daughter of GUILLAUME [VII] Seigneur de Montpellier & his second [bigamous] wife Agnes --- (-after Oct 1226). A charter dated Oct 1226 relates to the dowry of “Agnes quondam vicecomitissa Biterrensis…a Raymundo Rogeri marito suo, quondam vicecomite Biterrensi”[116]. The Histoire de Montpellier records the marriage of Agnes and Raymond Roger Vicomte de Beziers arranged by Pedro II King of Aragon[117]. "Raymundus-Rogerii quondam vicecomes Biterrensis…dominæ Agneti uxori suæ" granted her rights to "Simon comes Lycestriæ et Montisfortis dominus" by charter dated 24 Nov 1209[118]. "Agnes quondam vicecomitissa Biterrensis" renounced her dowry from "Raymundo-Rogerio marito suo quondam vicecomite Biterrensi" in favour of Louis VIII King of France by charter dated Oct 1226[119]. Raymond Roger & his wife had one child:

(a) TRENCAVEL de Béziers (1207-1263). A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the birth in 1207 of "Trencavels vescoms de Bezers"[120]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "Trencavel fils de feu le vicomte de Béziers" was 16 years old, dated from the context to [1223/24], and that "le comte de Foix Roger Bernard" was his guardian[121]. Vicomte de Béziers. The charter dated Oct 1224 under which "Rogerius Bernardi comes Fuxi, custos Trencavelli vicecomitis" made agreements relating to his property shows that he acted through the guardianship of Roger Bernard Comte de Foix during his minority, as shown by the charter dated Oct 1224, as well as a similar charter dated 24 Oct 1224 in which "Rogerius Bernardi...comes Fuxensis" confirmed he had full powers over administration over "vicecomitatus Biterrensis, Carcassonæ et Redensis et Albiensis pro D. vicecomite Trencavello, consobrino meo"[122]. He was deprived of his inheritance by Louis VIII King of France and retired to the court of Aragon from where he returned in 1230 to reclaim his rights[123]. "Trencavellus...Biterrensis vicecomes, dominus Albiensis, Carcassonæ et Redensis" granted property to "D. Rogerio-Bernardo...comiti Fuxensi, consanguineo nostro" dated 17 Jun 1227[124], indicating that his minority must have recently ended which suggests his date of birth in [1206/08].

d) RAYMOND TRENCAVEL (-after 5 Jun 1211). "R. Trencavellus filius quondam Trencavelli, et uxoris eius" transferred property to "D. S. comiti Leycestriæ, domino Montisfortis, vicecomiti Biterris et Carcassonæ, et domino Albiensi et Redensi" by charter dated 5 Jun 1211[125]. m --- (-after 5 Jun 1211). The name of Raymond Trencavel´s wife is not known but the charter dated 5 Jun 1211 under which "R. Trencavellus filius quondam Trencavelli, et uxoris eius" transferred property to "D. S. comiti Leycestriæ, domino Montisfortis, vicecomiti Biterris et Carcassonæ, et domino Albiensi et Redensi" shows that she was living at that date[126].

e) daughter . The testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154 during his captivity in Toulouse, bequeathes “meam minorem filiam“ to “Guilhermo de Montepessulano“ as his wife, and if he does not marry her requests “comitem de Barsalona“ to arrange her marriage to “filio Ugonis comitis“[127]. The chronology suggests that Raymond´s two daughters would have been children of his second wife, named in 1137, if it is correct as shown above that he married twice. same person as...? ADELAIS . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated Feb 1188 under which "Sicardus vicecomes de Lautrec" the dowry received from "D. vicecomiti Biterrensi...D. Rogerio" when he married "Alazaici sorore tua"[128]. m (before 1176) SICARD [V] Vicomte de Lautrec, son of SICARD [IV] Vicomte de Lautrec & his wife --- (-1193 or after).

f) BEATRIX de Béziers ([after 21 Apr 1154]-after Jan 1193). The Historia Albigensis records the marriage of Comte Raymond and "sororem vicecomitis Biterrensis…Beatricem" whom he repudiated[129]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that Comte Raymond VI married "Béatrice sœur de Trencavel vicomte de Béziers" whom he repudiated, but he confuses her with her daughter when he adds that she married secondly "Pierre Bermond de Salvio"[130]. As only two daughters were mentioned in Raymond Trencavel´s testament dated 21 Apr 1154, it is presumed that the third daughter was born after this date. It is possible that this was either Adelais or Beatrix as no source has yet been identified which confirms the order of birth of these two younger daughters. "Rogerius comes Biterrensis" conceded "castro Mesoa" to "Beatrici sorori meæ" by charter dated Jan 1193[131], which is likely to indicate the date of her separation from her husband. She retired to a Cathar convent after her repudiation. m ([Sep 1176/1179], repudiated Jan 1193 or before) as his second wife, RAYMOND de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND V Comte de Toulouse & his wife Constance de France (27 Oct 1156-Toulouse 2 Aug 1222). He succeeded his father in 1194 as RAYMOND VI Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne, Marquis de Provence.

3. BERNARD ATON [V] de Beziers (-[1159]). “Filiorum nostrorum Rogerii, Trencavelli atque Bernardi” consented to the marriage contract dated 1121 between “Bernardus Nemausensium et Agathensium et Biterrensium vicecomes et…Cæcilia vicecomitissa…filia nostra Ermessindi” and “Rostagno de Poscheriis”[132]. “Bernardus-Ato vicecomes et uxor mea Cæcilia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Rogerius et Raimundus et Bernardus” donated property confiscated from the rebels at Carcassonne to “Bernardo de Tresmals” by charter dated 5 Apr 1125[133]. The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, bequeathed "Nemausum" to "Bernardo filio meo"[134]. Vicomte d'Agde, Vicomte de Nîmes. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records the visit to Jerusalem of "Vicecomes Biturrensis Raymundus cognomento Trenchavel", staging that he was "frater Rogerii, qui prole caruit, et Bernardis cognomento Atonis"[135]. "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Nemausensis et...Guillelma uxor eius" issued a charter dated 1146[136]. "B. Ato vicecomes Nemausensis" confirmed his obligations to "R. de Poscheriis nepoti meo" which "pater meus dedit cum filia sua Ermesendi, patri tuo R....Margaritas, Bellivicinum, Calvicionem" by charter dated 1146[137]. "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes" by charter dated 20 Oct 1146[138]. "Bernardus-Ato vicecomes Nemausensium" granted property, with the support of "Guillelmæ uxoris meæ", by charter dated 1151[139]. m (1146 or before) GUILLEMETTE de Montpellier, daughter of GUILLAUME [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Sibila [del Vasto] (-after 29 Sep 1173). Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" mentions his daughters Guillemette, Adalais and Ermessende, requesting that "Guillelme filie mee cum marito suo" be given the rest of her dowry[140]. "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Nemausensis et...Guillelma uxor eius" issued a charter dated 1146[141]. "Bernardus-Ato vicecomes Nemausensium" granted property, with the support of "Guillelmæ uxoris meæ", by charter dated 1151[142]. The primary source which confirms her marriage more precisely has not yet been identified, although it is indicated by the testament dated 29 Sep 1173 of "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" which names "…Guillelma soror mea et filius ejus Bernardus Atho…"[143]. “Ysarius de Salve filius de Stephana” swore allegiance to “Guillelma vicecomitissa que fuisti moller de Bernardo-Aton" and to her unborn son by charter dated to [1159][144]. “Willelma Nemausensis vicecomitissa...et...filium meum vicecomitem” donated property to “Petro Raymundo de Anagia" by charter dated May 1166[145]. Bernard Aton [V] & his wife had one child:

a) BERNARD ATON [VI] (posthumously [1159]-after 2 May 1214). His posthumous birth is indicated by the charter dated to [1159] under which “Ysarius de Salve filius de Stephana” swore allegiance to “Guillelma vicecomitissa que fuisti moller de Bernardo-Aton" and to her unborn son[146]. Vicomte d'Agde, Vicomte de Nîmes. “Willelma Nemausensis vicecomitissa...et...filium meum vicecomitem” donated property to “Petro Raymundo de Anagia" by charter dated May 1166[147]. The testament dated 29 Sep 1173 of "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" (his maternal uncle) names "…Guillelma soror mea et filius ejus Bernardus Atho…"[148]. According to Duhamel Amado, the couple's posthumous son did not survive[149], but this appears to be disproved by this testament. Vicomte de Nîmes. A charter dated 1179 records an agreement between "Ildefossum…[regem] Arragoniæ, comitem Barchinoniæ, marchionem Provinciæ" and "B Atonis vicecomitem Nemausensem"[150]. "Bernardus Ato vicecomes Agathensis" swore allegiance to "Guillelmo domino Montispessulani et...Agneti uxori eius" for part of his domain by charters dated 1189, Jan 1191 and 1195[151]. "Bernardus Ato filius quondam Bernardi Atonis vicecomitis Nemausensis et Agatensis et Guillermæ uxoris eius" transferred their vicomtés to "domino Simoni comiti Lycestriæ, vicecomiti Biterrensi et Carcassensi" by charter dated 2 May 1214[152]. m GUILLELME, daughter of --- (-after 2 May 1214). "Bernardus Ato filius quondam Bernardi Atonis vicecomitis Nemausensis et Agatensis et Guillermæ uxoris eius" transferred their vicomtés to "domino Simoni comiti Lycestriæ, vicecomiti Biterrensi et Carcassensi" by charter dated 2 May 1214[153].

4. ERMENGARDE "Trencavelle" de Béziers (-1156). "Bernardus Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis et uxor mea Cæcilia" agreed the marriage of "filia nostra Ermengardi" to "Gaufredum filium de Guirardo de Rossilione", by charter dated 1110, which provides for "castello de Abelliano et…castello de Mesoa" as her dowry[154]. Dame d'Abeilhan et de Mèze {Hérault}. "Gausfredus Rossilionensis et uxor mea Trencavella et filius noster Guinardus" donated property to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 13 May 1139, signed by "…Bernardi Berengarii vicecomitis…"[155]. "Trencavella filia Cæciliæ Biterrensis vicecomitissæ et…Geraldus filius eiusdem Trencavellæ" donated property to "sanctæ Mariæ Vallismagnæ et Petro abbati" by charter dated 1147, witnessed by “Cæciliæ vicecomitissæ Biterrensis, Trencavellæ eiusdem filiæ, Geraldi vicecomitis de Rossellon filius prædictæ Trencavellæ”[156]. m (1110, divorced 1152) GAUZFREDO [III] Comte de Roussillon, son of GERARD [I] Comte de Roussillon & his wife Agnes --- (-[17 May 1148/18 Sep 1152]).

5. MATHELINE de Béziers (-after 1152). By charter dated 27 Nov 1105, "Agnes et…Guillelmus Alfaricus et uxor mea Engelrada et infantes nostri Arnaldus et Saurina" gave "burgum de Biterri qui fuit de Gaucelino-Arnaldi" to "Bernardo Atonis et uxori tuae Caeciliae et illis infantibus vestris" in contemplation of the marriage of their children[157]. The marriage contract between “Metellinæ filiæ Bernardi Atonis vicecomitis et Cæciliæ” and “Guillelmus-Alfaricus et uxor mea Engelrada…Arnoldo filio nostro” is dated 19 Dec 1105 and records the grant by the bridegroom´s parents of "ipsum nostrum castellum de Sancto Nazario {Saint-Nazaire, Aude} …in comitatu Narbonensi et ipsum castellum nostrum de Salviano {Sauvian, Hérault} …in comitatu Biterrensi" to their son[158]. According to Duhamel-Amado[159], the contemplated marriage of Matheline and Arnaud de Béziers-Sauvian did not take place. The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, names "Mantilinæ filiæ meæ"[160]. Matheline may have married (before 1143) Austors de Lunas. "Metelina" donated property to "Bernardo-Atoni fratri meo" by charter dated 1152 witnessed by “Selvionis de Clairjac et filii eius Selvionis…”[161]. m (contract 19 Dec 1105) ARNAUD de Béziers-Sauvian, son of GUILLAUME ALFARIC de Saint-Nazaire {Aude} & his wife Engelrade de Béziers-Sauvian. For this family of Béziers-Sauvian, see Duhamel Amado[162]. Arnaud & his wife had two children:

a) MATHELINE de Béziers-Sauvian . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m SILVION [II] Seigneur de Clérieux, son of GUILLAUME Seigneur de Clérieux {Isère} & his wife ---. “Selvionis de Clairjac et filii eius Selvionis…” witnessed the charter dated 1152 under which "Metelina" donated property to "Bernardo-Atoni fratri meo"[163].

b) SAURINE de Béziers-Sauvian . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m BERENGER de Thézan {Hérault}.

6. ERMESINDE de Béziers (-before 1146). The marriage contract between “Bernardus Nemausensium et Agathensium et Biterrensium vicecomes et…Cæcilia vicecomitissa…filia nostra Ermessindi” and “Rostagno de Poscheriis” is dated 1121 and records “castrum Margaritas…[et] castrum…Calvenzing…[et] mediatem castri Belvedin” as her dowry[164]. The charter dated 1146, under which "Ato vicecomes Nemausensis" guaranteed the succession of her son "R. de Poscheriis nepoti meo" to property granted as dowry by "pater meus…cum filia sua Ermesens" to "patri tuo R….Margaritas, Bellumvicinum, Calvuconem"[165], suggests that Ermesinde had died by that date. m (Béziers 1121) ROSTAING de Posquières {now Vauvert, Gard}, son of RAYMOND [II] Decanus & his wife --- (-[1142/46]). The seigneurs d´Uzès et de Posquières are discussed in Histoire Générale de Languedoc Tome IV, according to which Rostaing de Posquières was the brother of Faydive d´Uzès, wife of Alphonse Jourdain Comte de Toulouse[166]. This has not been verified.

7. PAGANE (-after 1152). The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, bequeathed "Carcassonam…Redas…Albiam…" to "Rotgerio primogenito filio meo", and requested "etiam Rotgerio" to provide dowry for "sororem suam Paganam"[167]. "Pagana" donated property to "Bernardo-Atoni fratri meo" by charter dated 1152 which names her father “Bernardi-Atonis”[168]. She was still unmarried in 1129[169].

Chapter 2. COMTES d'ALBI

The early history of the county of Albi is slightly less hazy than that of the county of Agde, but it is still far from clear. Three comtes d´Albi can be identified in primary sources between the late 9th and late 10th centuries (see Part A of this chapter). It is possible that the second of these, Comte Raymond, was the same person as Raymond II Comte de Toulouse but no primary source has so far been found which confirms that this co-identity is correct. The references to Pons Comte d´Albi in 987 are intriguing. Pons is of course a name associated during the 10th and 11th centuries with the family of the comtes de Toulouse. It is possible therefore that Pons Comte d´Albi was an otherwise unknown son of either Raymond Pons Comte de Toulouse or his son Comte Raymond III. The absence of earlier references to Comte Pons suggests that Comte Raymond III was more likely to have been his father. It is probable that Comte Pons died without direct heirs as the county of Albi had certainly reverted to the comtes de Toulouse by the early 11th century. This is confirmed by the charter dated to [1006] which records the council of the archiepiscopal provinces of Narbonne and Auch held at Toulouse by "Raimundus episcopus Tolosanus et Guillelmus comes Albiensium ac Caturcensium et Tolosanorum"[170], referring to Guillaume III "Taillefer" Comte de Toulouse. After Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicester defeated the Comte de Toulouse at Castelnaudary in the early 13th century, the former adopted the titles Vicomte d'Albi, Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne and Marquis de Provence[171]. It is unsure why Albi was not treated as a county at that time, although vicomtes d´Albi had been recorded since the late 9th century as shown in Parts B and C of this chapter. The families of the vicomtes de Bruniquel, vicomtes de Lautrec, vicomtes de Saint-Antonin and vicomtes de Toulouse are also shown in this chapter because of the proximity of their castles to Albi. It is assumed that all these vicomtes were suzerains of the comtes de Toulouse, maybe in their capacity as comtes d´Albi.

A. COMTES d'ALBI

1. ERMENGAUD . Comte d´Albi. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc states that Ermengaud Comte d’Albi is referred to by the chronicler Aimion[172], but this source has not yet been consulted. m ---. The name of Ermengaud's wife is not known. Ermengaud & his wife had one child:

a) [GERSENDE . "Oddo…comes uxorque mea Garsindis" sold property "in comitatu Lemovicino…villa…Orbaciacus" by charter dated Aug 887, with the consent of "fratre nostro Airberto" and subscribed by "Garsis comitis, Willelmi comitis…"[173]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc suggests that the wife of Odon Comte de Toulouse was the daughter of Ermengaud Comte d’Albi, basing this on Gersende naming her second son Ermengaud[174]. Even if it is correct that Gersende was connected to the comte d´Albi, it is presumably possible that she was a more remote relation of Ermengaud than his daughter. m ODON Comte de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND I Comte de Toulouse & his wife Berthe --- (-[918/19]).]

2. RAYMOND (-after 915). A bull of Pope John VIII dated 18 Aug 878, relating to papal authority over the monastery of Saint-Gilles, is subscribed by "Raimundus comes, Berengarius vicecomes…Emenus vicecomes, Oddo vicecomes, Ugo comes"[175]. Comte d´Albi. A charter dated Aug 878 records an audience held by "Reymundo comite" at Albi[176]. A charter dated Apr 890 records a judgment in the court of "Raimundus…comes ipsius pagi…Allidulfo suo viciscomiti" relating to a claim by "Bligardis…in comitatu Nemausensi"[177]. A charter dated 23 May 898 records business in the presence of "Bernardo vices-comite…Regemundo comite…Berengario comite"[178]. "Regimundo comite" subscribed a charter dated Jul 902 recording a donation to Nîmes Notre-Dame[179]. A charter dated 18 Jul 915 records business in the presence of "Regemundo comite" and "Daruardus vicecomes Rotenensi" as judge in "Andusie…castello"[180]. It is possible that Raymond inherited Albi from his mother´s family. In later documentation, Albi and Nîmes are recorded under the same vicomtes, and it is also possible that they were linked under the same count in the late 9th century and that Nîmes was also inherited by Raymond. The fact that no further record is found relating to Raymond in Nîmes after 915 could be explained by his succession in Toulouse, after which Nîmes would have ceased to be one of his main centres of activity. No other Comte Raymond has so far been identified who could be this comte de Nîmes. "Ugo comes" who also subscribed the 878 papal bull has not yet been identified. same person as…? RAYMOND de Toulouse, son of ODON Comte de Toulouse & his wife Gersende --- (-[923/24). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 16 Jun 918, which records an audience at Ausonne in the diocesis of Carcassonnne held by "Aridemandus episcopus sedis Tolosæ civitatis...missus advocatus Raymundo comite Tolosæ civitatis et marchio" with the consent of "Odone comite genitore suo"[181]. He succeeded his father in [918] as RAYMOND II Comte de Toulouse. The Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis records that "Raimundum…comitem filium…Odonis" captured "nepotem domni Geraldi…Benedictum, Tolosæ…vicecomitem" and that "Geraldus…cum sorore sua Avigerna" requested his release[182]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc dates the event to [894/909], the earlier date being when the monastery of Aurillac was founded and the latter the date of death of Benoît´s maternal uncle[183]. If the estimated date is correct, this was before the death of Raymond´s father and therefore before his succession as comte de Toulouse. If at that date Raymond already held the comital title in his own right, it tends to corroborate the co-identity of Raymond II Comte de Toulouse with Raymond Comte d´Albi.

1. PONS (-after Sep 987). Comte d´Albi. "Pontius comes Albiæ" donated "illum meum vicum Viancii" to the church of Albi, by charter dated 987[184]. "Pontius comes" donated "illum meum vicum de Viancio" to the church of Albi, on the advice of "Isarni vicecomitis", by charter dated Sep 987[185].

B. VICOMTES d'ALBI (FAMILY of ATON)

The "Aton" family were also vicomtes at Nîmes from the mid-10th century (for other vicomtes at Nîmes, see Chapter 14). Raymond Bernard "Trencavel" Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes married the ultimate heiress of the vicomtés de Béziers et d'Agde in the mid-11th century.

The name "Trencavel" appears to have become hereditary in the Albi/Béziers family of Aton after the mid-11th century, comparable to "Taillefer" in the family of the Comtes d'Angoulême, but its origin is not known. It is unlikely to be a baptismal name, although the last name-holder ("Trencavel de Béziers", who died in 1263) does not appear to be recorded with another name. The first root-element of the word suggests a connection with the modern French "trancher", and the second with "bel", which when combined would result in a suitably war-like epithet consistent with the violence of the times.

1. ATON [I] (-after 898). A charter dated Dec 898 records a hearing at Alzonne in the diocesis of Carcassonne in the presence of "Atone vicario Odone comite Tolosæ civitatis et marchio in Alsona"[186]. Settipani suggests that he may have been the son of Aton, a noble in Toulouse closely related to the Vicomtes de Toulouse, who is named in 867[187]. m ---. The name of Aton's wife is not known. Settipani suggests that she was Avigerna, sister of Géraud Seigneur d'Aurillac {Cantal} (855-909)[188].

2. BERNARD [I] . A charter dated 16 Jun 918 records a hearing at Alzonne in the diocesis of Carcassonne in the presence of "Bernardo…missus advocatus Raymundo comite Tolosæ civitatis et marchio" at "castro Ausona"[189]. Onomastics suggest that he was closely related to Aton [I], but there is no direct proof that this is correct. m ---. The name of Bernard's wife is not known. Bernard [I] & his wife had two children:

a) ATON [II] ([900]-after 942). "Atto…vicecomes" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières, on the advice of "uxoris meæ", for the souls of "patris mei Bernardi et matris meæ" by charter dated Apr 942, subscribed by "Frotarius episcopus, Bernardus, Hugonis comitis, Dagberga…"[190]. Vicomte d'Albi {Tarn}. same person as…? --- . There appears to be no direct proof that Aton [II] was the husband of Diasfronisa, but the chronology and the common use of the names Bernard and Aton among his descendants provide two favourable indications. m DIASFRONISA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[191]. Settipani suggests that Diasfronisa was the sister of Etienne (who died after 926) and of Frothaire Bishop of Cahors ([905/10]-990), who were sons of Matfred and his wife Aitrude[192]. [Aton [II]] & his wife had [two] children:

i) [SEGUIN (-after 9 Jul 972). A charter dated 2 Jul 972 records a hearing at Nîmes by "Raymondus comes et marchio" relating to "ecclesiam Sancti Martini…in comitatu Agatense" in the presence of "…Siguinus vicecomes et Bernardus frater eius…"[193]. It is not known with certainty that Bernard was the same person as Bernard [II].]

ii) BERNARD [II] (-[after 9 Jul 972]). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[194]. Vicomte d'Albi. Vicomte de Nîmes.

- see below.

b) BERNARD (-965). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop of Albi 951.

3. BENOIT . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Vicomte de Toulouse.

BERNARD [II] d'Albi, son of ATON [II] Vicomte d'Albi & his wife Diasfronisa --- (-[after 9 Jul 972]). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[195]. Vicomte d'Albi. Vicomte de Nîmes. A charter dated 9 Jun 956 records an exchange of property at Nîmes and payment "ad vicecomite Bernardo et ad vicecomitissa Gauza et ad Bernardum cuius erat feuz"[196]. The reference in this charter to his wife suggests that she may have been heiress to the vicomté de Nîmes and that her husband held the title in her name. [A charter dated 2 Jul 972 records a hearing at Nîmes by "Raymondus comes et marchio" relating to "ecclesiam Sancti Martini…in comitatu Agatense" in the presence of "…Siguinus vicecomes et Bernardus frater eius…"[197]. It is not known with certainty that Bernard was the same person as Bernard [II].]

m GAUCIANA, daughter of ---. A charter dated 9 Jun 956 records an exchange of property at Nîmes and payment "ad vicecomite Bernardo et ad vicecomitissa Gauza et ad Bernardum cuius erat feuz"[198]. Her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[199].

Bernard [II] & his wife had three children:

1. BERNARD (-after 9 Jul 956). A charter dated 9 Jun 956 records an exchange of property at Nîmes and payment "ad vicecomite Bernardo et ad vicecomitissa Gauza et ad Bernardum cuius erat feuz"[200].

2. ATON [III] (-1032). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated [1025] which records a promise made to "Atoni, fil Gauciane et Froterio fil Girbergane ... sine forza contra Athonem et Froter filium suum" by "Guillelms Coms fils d´Adadaiz, et Ramon et Aiarigs fils Garsen" relating to "lo castel de Dornian" [Dourgne][201]. "Atho et uxor mea Girberga et filii nostri Bernardus et Froterius" donated property "in comitatu Albiense, in vicaria Gigidense in villa…Bota" by charter dated 18 Mar 993[202]. Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. "Guillelms Coms fils d´Aladaiz et Ramon et Aiarigs fils Garsen" promised "Atoni fil Gauciane et Froterio fil Girbergane" quiet possession of "lo castel de Dornian" by charter dated to [1025], which names "Athonem et Froter filium suum"[203]. "Ermengaudo…comes et marchio" granted "alodes…in comitato Orgello in apenditio de Sancto Azisclo…in villa Ortoneoves" to "Atto" by charter dated 28 Feb 1029, subscribed by "…Guillemo vicecomite…"[204]. A charter dated 18 Dec 1029 records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus", for the soul of "genitoris nostri Barnardi", in the presence of "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…"[205]. His parentage is further confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[206]. m GERBERGE, daughter of ---. "Atho et uxor mea Girberga et filii nostri Bernardus et Froterius" donated property "in comitatu Albiense, in vicaria Gigidense in villa…Bota" by charter dated 18 Mar 993[207]. Aton [III] & his wife had three children:

a) BERNARD [III] ATON (-after 1050). "Atho et uxor mea Girberga et filii nostri Bernardus et Froterius" donated property "in comitatu Albiense, in vicaria Gigidense in villa…Bota" by charter dated 18 Mar 993[208]. Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…" witnessed the charter dated 18 Dec 1029 which records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus"[209]. "Geraldus et frater meus Sicharius et filii Geraldi et filii Sicharii" donated their share in "castello de Causago" to "Froterio episcopo et fratri eius Bernardo et Segario fratri eorum", by charter dated Jul [1035][210]. m RAINGARDE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Bernard [III] Aton & his wife had one child:

i) RAYMOND BERNARD "Trencavel" (-1074). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. "Raingardis comitissa et gener meus Raymundus et uxor eius filia mea…Ermengardis et soror eius Adalais" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Jan 1062[211]. “Remundus Bernardi vicecomes cognomento Trencaveis et Ermengardis vicecomitissa conjux mea, filia…Rangardis comitissæ” transferred property to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii” by charter dated 26 Jun 1070[212]. "Froterius episcopus, Raimundus vicecomes nepos meus" donated property "monasterium…Castras" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 12 Jun 1073[213]. m (before 3 Jan 1062) ERMENGARDE de Carcassonne, daughter of PIERRE RAYMOND Comte de Carcassonne, Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde & his wife Rangarde --- (-after 26 Mar 1099). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[214]. "Raingardis comitissa et gener meus Raymundus et uxor eius filia mea…Ermengardis et soror eius Adalais" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Jan 1062[215]. She succeeded her brother in 1067 as Vicomtesse de Béziers et d'Agde. “Raymundus Bernardi vicecomes et uxor eius Ermengardis vicecomitissa” sold their part of the county of Carcassonne to “domno Raymundo Barcheonæ comiti et domnæ Adalmodi comitissæ” by charter dated 2 Mar 1067, which names “Petrus Raimundi comes…[et] Rodgarius comes de Fox…filio suo”[216]. "Ermengardis comitissa…et filius meus Bernardus" donated property rights to the church of Sainte-Marie, Agde by charter dated [1074][217], presumably shortly after the death of her husband as he is not named, but this is not stated explicitly in the document. "Rogerius comes Fuxensis" and "Ermengarda vicecomitissa et…Bernardo Atonis filio eius" settled their disputes about the county of Carcassonne by charter dated 21 Apr 1095[218]. "Ermengardis visce comitissa filia Rangardis" donated property in "villa…Licairag…pro remedium animo seniore meo Raimundo" to the abbey of Conques by charter dated Nov [1097/1107], naming "filio meo Bernardo Atto"[219]. "Hermengardis vice comitissa et filius meus Bernardus Atto" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 26 Mar 1099[220]. Raymond Bernard & his wife had two children:

(a) GUILLERMA (-after 26 Jun 1070). The marriage contract of "Raymundus Bernardus vicecomes et Hermengard mulier mea…filia nostra…Guilherma" and "Petro…Ato" [Pierre Vicomte de Bruniquel] is dated 29 Oct 1069 and names "in comitatu Ruthenense…castrum…Bruscha…[et] castrum…Castro-novo…[et] castrum…Lavineira…[et] medietatem de…castro de Juliano et de…castro de Rocabruno…" as her dowry[221]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 26 Jun 1070 under which “Remundus Bernardi vicecomes cognomento Trencaveis et Ermengardis vicecomitissa conjux mea, filia…Rangardis comitissæ” transferred property to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii” which names “Guillermus vicecomes Biterrensis…avus Petri Raymundi”, and is subscribed by “Guillerma filia Ermengardis vicecomitissæ”[222]. m (contract 29 Oct 1069) PIERRE ATO Vicomte de Bruniquel, son of ---.

(b) BERNARD ATON [IV] (-1129). "Ermengardis visce comitissa filia Rangardis" names "filio meo Bernardo Atto" in her charter dated Nov [1097/1107][223]. He succeeded his father in 1074 as Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. He succeeded his mother in [1099] as Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde.

- VICOMTES de BEZIERS.

b) FROTHAIRE (-1077). "Atho et uxor mea Girberga et filii nostri Bernardus et Froterius" donated property "in comitatu Albiense, in vicaria Gigidense in villa…Bota" by charter dated 18 Mar 993[224]. The Chronica Nemausensis names "Froterius episcopus frater Atonis vicecomitis"[225]. "Guillelms Coms fils d´Aladaiz et Ramon et Aiarigs fils Garsen" promised "Atoni fil Gauciane et Froterio fil Girbergane" quiet possession of "lo castel de Dornian" by charter dated to [1025], which names "Athonem et Froter filium suum"[226]. Bishop of Nîmes 1027. "Geraldus et frater meus Sicharius et filii Geraldi et filii Sicharii" donated their share in "castello de Causago" to "Froterio episcopo et fratri eius Bernardo et Segario fratri eorum", by charter dated Jul [1035][227]. "Froterius episcopus, Raimundus vicecomes nepos meus" donated property "monasterium…Castras" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 12 Jun 1073[228].

c) SEGAIRE (-after Jul [1035]). "Geraldus et frater meus Sicharius et filii Geraldi et filii Sicharii" donated their share in "castello de Causago" to "Froterio episcopo et fratri eius Bernardo et Segario fratri eorum", by charter dated Jul [1035][229].

3. FROTHAIRE (-1014). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[230]. Bishop of Nîmes 986.

C. VICOMTES de BRUNIQUEL

1. PIERRE ATHON . Vicomte de Bruniquel. m (contract 29 Oct 1069) GUILLERMA d´Albi, daughter of RAYMOND BERNARD "Trencavel" Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes & his wife Ermengarde de Carcassonne. The marriage contract of "Raymundus Bernardus vicecomes et Hermengard mulier mea…filia nostra…Guilherma" and "Petro…Ato" [Pierre Vicomte de Bruniquel] is dated 29 Oct 1069 and names "in comitatu Ruthenense…castrum…Bruscha…[et] castrum…Castro-novo…[et] castrum…Lavineira…[et] medietatem de…castro de Juliano et de…castro de Rocabruno…" as her dowry[231]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 26 Jun 1070 under which “Remundus Bernardi vicecomes cognomento Trencaveis et Ermengardis vicecomitissa conjux mea, filia…Rangardis comitissæ” transferred property to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii” which names “Guillermus vicecomes Biterrensis…avus Petri Raymundi”, and is subscribed by “Guillerma filia Ermengardis vicecomitissæ”[232]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Jun 1156 under which her grandsons "Arnaldus et Ademarus frater meus de Brunichel" sold "castrum de Bruscha" inherited from "avia nostra Guillerma…mater patris nostri Atonis" to "Raymundo Trencavello vicecomiti Biterrensi et filio tuo Rogerio de Biterris"[233]. Pierre Athon & his wife had one child:

a) PIERRE ATHON [II] (-after 1139). "Atto vicecomes et Fina uxor Armanni vicecomitis" donated property to Moissac, for the soul of "prædicti Artmanni vicecomitis", to Conques by charter dated to [1120][234]. "Petro vicecomite filio Guilherma" confirmed a donation by Bishop Froterius dated 1139[235]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated Jun 1156 under which his sons "Arnaldus et Ademarus frater meus de Brunichel" sold "castrum de Bruscha" inherited from "avia nostra Guillerma…mater patris nostri Atonis" to "Raymundo Trencavello vicecomiti Biterrensi et filio tuo Rogerio de Biterris"[236]. m ---. The name of Athon´s wife is not known. Athon & his wife had two children:

i) ADEMAR de Bruniquel (-after 18 Sep 1156). Vicomte de Bruniquel. "Arnaldus et Ademarus frater meus de Brunichel" sold "castrum de Bruscha" inherited from "avia nostra Guillerma…mater patris nostri Atonis" to "Raymundo Trencavello vicecomiti Biterrensi et filio tuo Rogerio de Biterris" by charter dated Jun 1156[237]. A charter dated 18 Sep 1156 records an agreement between "Ademar et Arnald vicecomites de Brunichel" and "Austor filium Austor de Lunas" relating to "castrum de Bruscha"[238].

ii) ARNAUD de Bruniquel (-after 18 Sep 1156). Vicomte de Bruniquel. "Arnaldus et Ademarus frater meus de Brunichel" sold "castrum de Bruscha" inherited from "avia nostra Guillerma…mater patris nostri Atonis" to "Raymundo Trencavello vicecomiti Biterrensi et filio tuo Rogerio de Biterris" by charter dated Jun 1156[239]. A charter dated 18 Sep 1156 records an agreement between "Ademar et Arnald vicecomites de Brunichel" and "Austor filium Austor de Lunas" relating to "castrum de Bruscha"[240].

b) [ARMAND (-before [1120]). Vicomte. m FINA, daughter of ---. "Atto vicecomes et Fina uxor Armanni vicecomitis" donated property to Moissac, for the soul of "prædicti Artmanni vicecomitis", to Conques by charter dated to [1120][241].]

2. PIERRE de Bruniquel (-after 9 May [1105]). "Geraldus et uxor mea…Willelma et consanguinei mei Petrus vicecomes et Frotard" donated "ecclesiam de Cambone" to the abbey of Vabre by charter dated Apr [1105][242]. m FOI de Narbonne, daughter of BERNARD Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Fides [Foi] de Rouergue (-after 9 May [1105]). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Petrus vicecomes et conjux mea Fides" exchanged property with the abbey of Vabre by charter dated 9 May [1105], subscribed by "Aldeberti…"[243].

1. --- . Vicomte. m PETRONILLE, daughter of --- (-after [1160]). A charter dated to [1160] records a donation by "na Peironela la viscomtessa" of property "en la parrochia de la gleisa de Biule" to Moissac, with the consent of "nArnaus Bernars sos fils et sa filla na Braida"[244]. Two children:

a) ARNAUD BERNARD . A charter dated to [1160] records a donation by "na Peironela la viscomtessa" of property "en la parrochia de la gleisa de Biule" to Moissac, with the consent of "nArnaus Bernars sos fils et sa filla na Braida"[245].

b) BRAIDE . A charter dated to [1160] records a donation by "na Peironela la viscomtessa" of property "en la parrochia de la gleisa de Biule" to Moissac, with the consent of "nArnaus Bernars sos fils et sa filla na Braida"[246].

D. SEIGNEURS de CASTRES

GUY de Montfort, son of SIMON [IV] Sire de Montfort & his wife Amicie of Leicester (-killed in battle Vareilles near Pamiers 31 Jan 1228, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "comes Symon Montisfortis et Guido frater eius" as "Guilelmum comitem Licestrie…sorore"[247]. The Lignages d'Outremer name "Gui de Monfort" as brother of "Symon le conte de Montfort"[248]. A charter dated Feb 1199 recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", and the confirmation by "Simon de Monteforti, predictorum successor virorum et heres" with the consent of "uxore mea Eva [presumably an error for Alix] et filiis meis Amaurico et Guidone et fratre meo Guidone"[249]. "Symon dominus Montisfortis et Guido frater meus" confirmed donations to Saint-Martin-des-Champs made by "comes Amauricus abavus noster" by charter dated 1 Jan/9 Apr 1200 or 1 Jan/25 Mar 1201[250]. Seigneur de Castres-en-Albigeois et de Ferté-Alais. Seigneur de Brétencourt 1202. "Li cuens Symon de Monfort et Gui ses freres" left on crusade in 1202[251]. Villehardouin records that, after the siege of Zara, "Simon de Montfort [and]…his brother Guy de Montfort" deserted the army to join the king of Hungary[252]. Seigneur de Ferté-Alais et de Castres. The Continuator of William of Tyre records that, after their arrival in Palestine, "li cuens Symon de Montfort" remained in the land and "ses freres Guis si prist a feme la dame de Saete"[253]. The Chronicle of Ernoul records the arrival of "li quens Simons de Montfort, et Guis ses freres" in Palestine [in 1204] and that "Guis prist à feme le dame de Saiete"[254]. The Historia Albigensium of Pierre de Vaux-Cernay records the return "a partibus transmarinis" of "comes…Guido frater eius germanus" who held "castrum in diocese Albigensi…Castra", dated to [1211] from the context[255]. "Guido de Monteforti" donated property to "ecclesiæ de Pruliano", with the consent of "uxoris Alicis Sidoniæ dominæ", by charter dated 1 Jun 1216[256]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, including "…conte Gui de Sagette qui fut frere du conte Simon…"[257].

m firstly ([1204]) as her second husband, HELVIS Ibelin, widow of RENAUD of Sidon Lord of Sagette, daughter of BALIAN of Ibelin Lord of Nablus & his wife Maria Komnene ([1182]-before 1 Jun 1216). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "uxorem Renaldi de Sidone" as the daughter of "Bethuliani de Guibelin" & his wife and her second husband "Guido de Monteforti", but does not name her[258]. The Lignages d'Outremer name (in order) "une fille…Heloys, et un fiz Johan et une autre fille Marguerite, et un fiz Phelippe" as children of "Belleem de Ybelin" & his wife, stating that "Heloys" was wife firstly of "Renaut seignor de Seete" and secondly of "Gui de Monfort"[259]. The Chronicle of Ernoul records the arrival of "li quens Simons de Montfort, et Guis ses freres" in Palestine [in 1204] and that "Guis prist à feme le dame de Saiete"[260]. "Guido de Monteforti" donated property to "ecclesiæ de Pruliano", with the consent of "uxoris Alicis Sidoniæ dominæ", by charter dated 1 Jun 1216[261].

m secondly (before Jul 1224) as her second husband, BRIENDE de Beynes, widow of LAMBERT de Thury Baron de Lombers, daughter of LAMBERT Adémar co-Seigneur de Monteil Baron de la Garde & his wife Tiburge de Baux. "Brienni uxoris mee et Filippi filii mei et ceterorum liberorum meorum" consented to the donation by "Guido de Monteforti" to Port-Royal by charter dated Jul 1224[262]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and first marriage has not yet been identified.

Guy & his first wife had three children:

1. PHILIPPE de Montfort (-murdered Tyre 12 Aug 1270). The Lignages d'Outremer name (in order) "Phelippe de Monfort et II filles Prunelle et Florence" as children of "Gui de Monfort" and his wife "Heloys"[263]. "Brienni uxoris mee et Filippi filii mei et ceterorum liberorum meorum" consented to the donation by "Guido de Monteforti" to Port-Royal by charter dated Jul 1224[264]. He succeeded his father in 1228 as Seigneur de Castres-en-Albigeois et de La Ferté-Alais. Seigneur de Brétencourt 1230. He arrived in Palestine in 1239[265]. After Tyre was captured in 1243 from the Filangieri brothers, Raoul de Soissons, co-regent of Jerusalem, demanded the city for the kingdom of Jerusalem but with support from the Ibelin family it was given as a fief to Philippe de Montfort who thereby became Lord of Tyre[266]. Henri I King of Cyprus, in his capacity of regent of Jerusalem, confirmed Philippe's possession of Tyre in 1246[267]. He was pretender to the throne of Armenia in 1248, by right of his second wife[268]. After Hugues III King of Cyprus succeeded as King of Jerusalem in 1268, he attempted to heal the rifts between the families of the Frankish knights and in particular proposed the marriage of his own sister to Philippe de Montfort's son[269]. He was murdered while he and his older son were praying in a chapel by one of the Assassins of Syria on the orders of Sultan Baibars[270]. m firstly (before 1228) ELEONORE de Courtenay, daughter of PIERRE [II] Seigneur de Courtenay Emperor of Constantinople & his second wife Yolande de Flandre Marquise de Namur ([1208]-before 1230, bur Paris, Abbaye Saint-Antoine des Champs). The Lignages d'Outremer record that "Phelippe de Monfort" married "la fille au comte d'Ausseure"[271]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m secondly (after 6 Jul 1240) MARIE of Antioch, daughter of RAYMOND RUPEN Prince of Antioch & his wife Héloise of Cyprus (1215-). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Marie" as the daughter of "prince Rupin" & his wife, stating that she was (second) wife of "mesire Phelippe de Monfort"[272]. She succeeded her paternal grandmother as heiress of Toron. The Chronicle of Philippe de Novare refers to the wife of "messier Phelippe de Montfort" as "la dame dou Toron"[273]. Philippe [I] & his first wife had three children:

a) PHILIPPE [II] de Montfort (-Tunis 24 Sep 1270, bur Castres). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Phelippe qui fu nom Coton" as son of "Phelippe de Monfort" and "la fille au comte d'Ausseure", stating that Philippe "morut"[274]. Seigneur de Castres et de la Ferté-Alais.

- see below.

b) other children: LORDS of TYRE.

2. PERNELLE de Montfort . The Lignages d'Outremer name (in order) "Phelippe de Monfort et II filles Prunelle et Florence" as children of "Gui de Monfort" and his wife "Heloys", specifying that the daughters were nuns[275]. Nun at Saint-Antoine des Champs, Paris.

3. FLORENCE de Montfort . The Lignages d'Outremer name (in order) "Phelippe de Monfort et II filles Prunelle et Florence" as children of "Gui de Monfort" and his wife "Heloys", specifying that the daughters were nuns[276]. Nun.

Guy & his second wife had three children:

4. ALICIE de Montfort . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Nun at Port-Royal 1259.

5. AGNES de Montfort . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Nun at Port-Royal 1259.

6. GUIDON de Montfort (-on crusade, before his mother). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

PHILIPPE [II] de Montfort, son of PHILIPPE de Montfort Lord of Tyre & his first wife Eléonore de Courtenay (-Tunis 24 Sep 1270, bur Castres). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Phelippe qui fu nom Coton" as son of "Phelippe de Monfort" and "la fille au comte d'Ausseure", stating that Philippe "morut"[277]. Seigneur de Castres et de la Ferté-Alais. The testament of "Philippus de Monteforti", dated 1 Apr 1271, names "uxoris nostre Johanne"[278].

m JEANNE de Levis, daughter of GUY [II] de Levis Maréchal de Mirepoix & his wife Jeanne --- (-30 May 1284, bur Castres). A charter dated 15 May 1295 included in the cartulary of Notre-Dame de la Roche records the partition of property of Montfort and Castro, agreed by "Joannes de Monteforti comes Squllacii et Montis-Caviosi ac regni Siciliæ camerarius, Bernardus de Convenis miles…et domicella Elienore de Monteforti" which names their parents "bonæ memoriæ D Philippi de Monteforti patris et D Joannæ de Leviers matris nostrum predictorum Joannis, Lauræ et Elienoris"[279].

Philippe [II] & his wife had four children:

1. JEANNE de Montfort ([1255/60]-1300). Her birth date range is estimated from the birth of her first child (by her first marriage) in [1274/75]. Jeanne must have been considerably older than her sister Eléonore, considering her own estimated birth date and that her sister gave birth to four children after her marriage in [1295/1302]. A charter dated [1/28] Nov 1282 records an agreement between the monks of Cluny and "Ludovicum dominum Bellijoci", and names “dominam Ysabellam matrem suam, relictam domini Raynaudi, quondam comitis Forensis, patris sui” and “dominam Johannam, relictam Guidonis, quondam fratris dicti Ludovici, et comitis Forensis”[280]. The court of Lyon confirmed the guardianship of "Gioanni figlio pupillo di Guidone Conte di Forest" naming "Gioanna di Monfort Contessa di Forest Madre del detto Gioanni" and her second marriage with "Lodovico di Savoia Signore di Vaud fratello del Conte Amedeo" by charter dated 23 Jun 1283[281]. The testament of "Gioanna di Monfort Contessa di Forest Moglie di Ludovico de Savoia Signore di Vaud" dated Nov 1293 chooses her burial "nel Monastero di Montbron" and makes bequests to "a Gioanni di lei figlio Conte di Forest…ad Isabella di Lei figlia moglie di Berardo di Merevel…a Lora, Margarita, Gioannetta, Beatrice, Eleonora, Cattarina e Bianca pur sue figlie…a Pietro di Lei figlio…altri suoi Benidto Lodovico suo figlio"[282]. She is not named in the agreement dated 15 May 1295 which records the partition of property between her brother and sisters (see above)[283], which suggests that she may have died before that date. m firstly (1268) GUY [VI] Comte de Forez, son of RENAUD Comte de Forez [Albon] & his wife Isabelle de Beaujeu (-19 Jan 1278). m secondly (1278) as his second wife, LOUIS de Savoie Baron de Vaud, son of THOMAS II Conte [Marchese] del Piemonte & his second wife Beatrice Fieschi ([1254]-[10 Jan 1302/27 Apr 1303]).

2. JEAN [II] de Montfort (-[1/3] Dec 1300). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Johan…conte d'Esquilach et conte chamberlain" as second son of "Phelippe de Monfort" and "la fille au conte d'Ausseure", stating that Jean died without heirs[284], but this confuses Philippe [I] with Philippe [II]. A charter dated 15 May 1295 included in the cartulary of Notre-Dame de la Roche records the partition of property of Montfort and Castro, agreed by "Joannes de Monteforti comes Squllacii et Montis-Caviosi ac regni Siciliæ camerarius, Bernardus de Convenis miles…et domicella Elienore de Monteforti" which names their parents "bonæ memoriæ D Philippi de Monteforti patris et D Joannæ de Leviers matris nostrum predictorum Joannis, Lauræ et Elienoris"[285]. Conte di Squillace e Montescaglioso. Captain-General of Calabria 1299. m firstly ISABELLA Maletta, daughter of MANFREDO Maletta & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly GIOVANNA di Fasanella Signora di Genzano, daughter of PANDOLFO di Fasanella & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m thirdly MARGUERITE de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais, daughter of PIERRE Seigneur de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais & his wife --- (-Marseille Mar 1307). Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 1290 under which “Johannes de Monteforti, Squillacii et Montiscanosi comes, ac regni Sicilie camerarius et Margarita uxor mea” confirmed a bequest by “quondam dominus Petrus, dominus Bellimontis…socer noster et pater prefate Margarete” to the abbey of Saint-Antoine[286]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. She married secondly Robert [II] de Dreux Seigneur de Beu [Capet] (-1303).

3. LAURE de Montfort (-before 1 Dec 1300). A charter dated 15 May 1295 included in the cartulary of Notre-Dame de la Roche records the partition of property of Montfort and Castro, agreed by "Joannes de Monteforti comes Squllacii et Montis-Caviosi ac regni Siciliæ camerarius, Bernardus de Convenis miles…" which specifies that the latter was "primogenitus D comitis Convenarum" and that he was acting for "Lauræ de Monteforti consortis nostræ"[287]. m BERNARD [VII] Comte de Comminges, son of BERNARD [VI] Comte de Comminges & his wife Thérèse --- (-21 Jul 1312).

4. ELEONORE de Montfort (-after 18 May 1338, bur Castres). A charter dated 15 May 1295 included in the cartulary of Notre-Dame de la Roche records the partition of property of Montfort and Castro, agreed by "Joannes de Monteforti comes Squllacii et Montis-Caviosi ac regni Siciliæ camerarius, Bernardus de Convenis miles…et domicella Elienore de Monteforti" which names their parents "bonæ memoriæ D Philippi de Monteforti patris et D Joannæ de Leviers matris nostrum predictorum Joannis, Lauræ et Elienoris"[288]. The necrology of Port-Royal records the donation in 1314 by "dame Alienor de Montfort comtesse de Vendosme" for "son…filz Buchard comte de Vendosme le premier né"[289]. m ([15 May 1295/28 Feb 1302]) JEAN [V] Comte de Vendôme, son of BOUCHARD [V] Comte de Vendôme & his wife Marie de Roye (-after 18 May 1315).

E. VICOMTES de LAUTREC

1. --- . m RANGARDE, daughter of ---. One child:

a) ISARN (-[Sep 987/989]). Vicomte [de Lautrec]. The testament of "Gersindæ comitissæ", dated to [972], bequeathed property for life "ecclesiam meam de Bar" to "Isarnus vicecomes"[290]. "Froterius episcopus filius Ermendructæ" accepted allegiance from "Isarno filio Rangardæ" relating to "castello…Lautrico" by charter dated to [985][291]. "Pontius comes" donated "illum meum vicum de Viancio" to the church of Albi, on the advice of "Isarni vicecomitis", by charter dated Sep 987[292].

2. --- . m AVIERNA, daughter of ---. One child:

a) SICARD . Vicomte [de Lautrec]. "Sicardus vicecomes filius Avierna" swore allegiance to "Froterio episcopo, filio Hermendructæ" for "illo castello…Lautrico" by charter dated to [989][293].

3. ISARN (-after Oct [1038]). Vicomte [de Lautrec]. "Isarnus et Frotardus" donated the abbey of Vielmur to the church of Notre-Dame du Puy by charter dated Oct [1038], signed by "Isarno vicecomite, Frotardi, Remigii, Fredelone, Guisla vicecomitissa…"[294].

4. GUILABERT de Lautrec (-after [1112]). "Gillabertus de Lauraco et filii mei Gillabertus, Sicardus atque Gausbertus" swore allegiance to Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated to [1112][295]. m ---. The name of Guilabert´s wife is not known. Guilabert & his wife had three children:

a) GUILABERT . "Gillabertus de Lauraco et filii mei Gillabertus, Sicardus atque Gausbertus" swore allegiance to Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated to [1112][296].

b) SICARD . "Gillabertus de Lauraco et filii mei Gillabertus, Sicardus atque Gausbertus" swore allegiance to Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated to [1112][297].

c) GAUSBERT . "Gillabertus de Lauraco et filii mei Gillabertus, Sicardus atque Gausbertus" swore allegiance to Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated to [1112][298].

5. --- . m AVA, daughter of ---. One child:

a) SICARD [IV] (-[1159/60]). Vicomte de Lautrec. "Rogerius vicecomes et Sicardus vicecomes" made an agreement dated 1141[299]. "Sicardus filius Avæ fæminæ" swore allegiance to "Rogerio filio Cæciliæ" relating to "castello...Montlauder" by charter dated 1 Aug 1142[300]. “Sicardus de Lautrec vicecomes” donated property to Candeil by charter dated 1149[301]. “Sichards de Laurag fils d´Ava” swore allegiance to "Raimuns Trencavel vescons de Beders fils de Cecilia vescomtesse et…Roger fils de Raimuns Trencavel et de Saura comtesse" for "lo castel de Montlauder" by charter dated 16 Jul 1152[302]. “Sicardus de Laurac et uxor mea” donated property to the abbot of Candeil by charter dated 1157, signed by “Sicardus lo vescoms de Lautrec...“[303]. “Sicardus filius Avæ” swore allegiance to “Raymundo Trencavelli filio Cæciliæ vicecomitissæ et...Rogerio filio R. Trencavelli et Sauræ comitissæ“ by charter dated 1158[304]. “Sicardus vicecomes Lautricensis” donated property to “S. Pontio", to enable "filium meum Raymundum“ to become a monk there, by charter dated 1159, signed by "Sicardi filii sui"[305]. m --- (-after 1157). “Sicardus de Laurac et uxor mea” donated property to the abbot of Candel by charter dated 1157, signed by “Sicardus lo vescoms de Lautrec...“[306]. Sicard & his wife had three children:

i) SICARD [V] (-1193 or after). “Sicardus vicecomes Lautricensis” donated property to “S. Pontio", to enable "filium meum Raymundum“ to become a monk there, by charter dated 1159, signed by "Sicardi filii sui"[307]. Vicomte de Lautrec. “Sicardus vicecomes de Lautrec et...Petrus frater eius” confirmed the donations to Candeil by “Sicardus vicecomes pater noster" by charter dated 1160[308]. m (before 1176) ADELAIS de Béziers, daughter of RAYMOND TRENCAVEL Vicomte de Béziers & his [second] wife Saura ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated Feb 1188 under which "Sicardus vicecomes de Lautrec" the dowry received from "D. vicecomiti Biterrensi...D. Rogerio" when he married "Alazaici sorore tua"[309]. Sicard [V] & his wife had [one child]:

(a) [ALIX de Lautrec . According to the Histoire Générale de Languedoc, Alix and her marriage are shown only in secondary sources and no primary source has been identified which confirms her existence or that this couple´s children were the later Vicomtes de Lautrec[310]. m (1196) BAUDOUIN de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND V Comte de Toulouse & his wife Constance de France (Paris 1165-Montauban 12 Mar 1214).]

ii) RAYMOND (-after 1159). “Sicardus vicecomes Lautricensis” donated property to “S. Pontio", to enable "filium meum Raymundum“ to become a monk there, by charter dated 1159, signed by "Sicardi filii sui"[311]. Monk.

iii) PIERRE (-after 1160). “Sicardus vicecomes de Lautrec et...Petrus frater eius” confirmed the donations to Candeil by “Sicardus vicecomes pater noster" by charter dated 1160[312].

6. FROTARD (-after 1209). Vicomte de Lautrec. "Frotars vescoms de Lautrec" is named in a charter dated 18 Sep 1209[313].

It is not clear whether the following family group is related to the family of the vicomtes de Lautrec or not:

1. PIERRE ERMENGAUD de Lautrec (-[1203/09]). His date of death is fixed by the contract dated 1209 which names his supposed son or brother Hugues Ermengaud and the latter´s wife and father-in-law. m ---. The name of Pierre Ermengaud´s wife is not known. Pierre Ermengaud & his wife had [two] children:

a) GUILABERT (-[1206]). m (1203) as her first husband, INDIA de Toulouse, daughter of [RAYMOND VI Comte de Toulouse & his second wife Béatrice de Béziers]. The marriage contract of "Petrus Ermengavus de Lautrico…Guilabertum filium meum" and "Indiæ sorori…D. comitis Tolosæ" by charter dated 1203 in the presence of "eiusdem D. Raymundi comitis"[314]. She married secondly (11 Feb 1207) Bernard [II] Seigneur de l´Isle-Jourdain. A charter dated 11 Feb 1207 confirms the marriage of "D. N. Bernardus Jordanus de Insula" and "India", witnessed by "Bernardus comes Convenarum…Jordanus frater Bernardi Jordani"[315]. The co-identity with the widow of Guilabert is confirmed by a charter dated Jan 1211 which notes that "D. India soror D. comitis Tolosæ" reached agreement with "Ugoni Ermengavo filio Petri Ermengavi de Lautreg" about her dowry, naming "Guilaberto suo marito", with the agreement of "Bernardi Jordani de Insula sui mariti"[316]. A charter dated 1209 notes that "D. Raymundus…dux Narbonæ, comes Tolosæ" absolved "Aymerico de Castro-novo et D. Castellanæ filiæ eius, et Ugoni Ermengavo marito ipsius D. Castellanæ" from payment of the dowry for "dominam Indiam sororem eius, quondam uxorem Guilaberti, filii Petri Eremengavi de Lautrico"[317].

b) [HUGUES ERMENGAUD . A charter dated 1209 notes that "D. Raymundus…dux Narbonæ, comes Tolosæ" absolved "Aymerico de Castro-novo et D. Castellanæ filiæ eius, et Ugoni Ermengavo marito ipsius D. Castellanæ" from payment of the dowry for "dominam Indiam sororem eius, quondam uxorem Guilaberti, filii Petri Eremengavi de Lautrico"[318]. This charter does not specify that Hugues Ermengaud was the son of Pierre Ermengaud. Another possibility is that they were brothers, although the fact that Hugues Ermengaud´s father was alive in 1209 suggests that this may be less probable. m CASTELLANE de Castelnau, daughter of AIMERY de Castelnau & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 1209 which notes that "D. Raymundus…dux Narbonæ, comes Tolosæ" absolved "Aymerico de Castro-novo et D. Castellanæ filiæ eius, et Ugoni Ermengavo marito ipsius D. Castellanæ" from payment of the dowry for "dominam Indiam sororem eius, quondam uxorem Guilaberti, filii Petri Eremengavi de Lautrico"[319].]

Two brothers:

1. BERTRAND [I] (-1258 or after). Vicomte de Lautrec. "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[320]. m ---. The name of Bertrand´s wife is not known. Bertrand [I] & his wife had one child:

a) SICARD [VII] . m ---. The name of Sicard´s wife is not known. Sicard [VII] & his wife had one child:

i) BERTRAND [II] . Bertrand exchanged his part of the vicomté de Lautrec with Philippe IV King of France for the vicomté de Caraman in 1306[321].

2. SICARD [VI] . Vicomte de Lautrec. "Sicardus vicecomes…" witnessed the contract of marriage between "Matfredus de Rabastenx...Comtoressæ filiæ [suæ]" and "D. Ramundo...duci Narbonæ, comiti Tolosæ...Bertrando fratrem nostrum" dated Dec 1224[322]. m AGNES de Mauvoisin, daughter of ---. Sicard [VI] & his wife had seven children:

a) PIERRE . Vicomte de Lautrec. "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[323]. A manuscript chronicle records that "Petrus vice-comes Lautrici" swore allegiance to Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse in 1240 for "castro suo de Brugeria et aliis"[324]. m as her first husband, VACQUERIE de Monteil-Ademar, daughter of LAMBERT Adémar de Monteil {now Montélimar, Drôme} Seigneur de Lombers & his wife Bérengère de Lautrec[325]. She married secondly Jourdain [IV] Seigneur de l´Isle-Jourdain. A charter dated 2 Oct 1271 records disputes between "dominam Vacqueriam uxorem...domini Jordani de Insula" and "dominos Bertrandum et Amalricum fratres, vicecomites Lautricenses" about the dowry of the former for her marriage to "dominum Petrum quondam vicecomitem Lautricensem, virum suum quondam dicte domine Vacquerie" whose heirs were the latter brothers[326].

b) ISARN (-after 4 Aug 1267). "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[327]. Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse instructed "Philippo de Monteforti, militi" to restore "villam...Brugueria" to "Ysarni vicecomitis Lautricensis et Bertrandi fratris ipsius" having taken it from them unlawfully, by documents dated 4 Aug 1267 and 1 Dec 1267[328]. Ancestor of the Seigneurs de Montfa et de Saint-Germier.

c) SICARD (-before 6 Jun 1267). "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[329]. Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse names "Sycart viconte de Lautré, domzel" in a document dated 17 Nov 1267[330].

d) GUY d'Albi (-after 6 Jun 1267). "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[331]. Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse "senescallo Tholose et Albiensis" noted in a document dated 6 Jun 1267 that "Guido dictus Albigiensis, miles, frater quondam vicecomitis Lautricensis" requested rights of succession to his brother's estate[332].

e) BERTRAND (-after 2 Oct 1271). "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[333]. Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse instructed "Philippo de Monteforti, militi" to restore "villam...Brugueria" {Labruguière, Tarn} to "Ysarni vicecomitis Lautricensis et Bertrandi fratris ipsius" having taken it from them unlawfully, by document dated 4 Aug 1267 and 1 Dec 1267[334]. A charter dated 2 Oct 1271 records disputes between "dominam Vacqueriam uxorem...domini Jordani de Insula" and "dominos Bertrandum et Amalricum fratres, vicecomites Lautricenses" about the dowry of the former for her marriage to "dominum Petrum quondam vicecomitem Lautricensem, virum suum quondam dicte domine Vacquerie" whose heirs were the latter brothers[335].

f) AMAURY (-after 2 Oct 1271). "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[336]. A charter dated 2 Oct 1271 records disputes between "dominam Vacqueriam uxorem...domini Jordani de Insula" and "dominos Bertrandum et Amalricum fratres, vicecomites Lautricenses" about the dowry of the former for her marriage to "dominum Petrum quondam vicecomitem Lautricensem, virum suum quondam dicte domine Vacquerie" whose heirs were the latter brothers[337].

g) BEATRIX . m SICARD d´Aleman, son of ---. Principal adviser of Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse[338].

3. BERTRAND . Vicomte de Lautrec. m ---. The name of Bertrand´s wife is not known. Bertrand & his wife had one child:

a) BEATRIX (-[1352]). Vicomtesse de Lautrec. "Béatrix de Lautrec" bequeathed money for her future marriage to her daughter Regine, by her testament dated 30 Jul 1315[339]. Jean I Comte d´Armagnac, acting for his wife "fille et heritière de feu Bertrand de Goth vicomte de Lomagne et d´Auvillars", assigned a pension to "Béatrix de Lautrec, veuve de Bertrand de Goth" by charter dated 10 Jun 1324[340]. "Regina de Gutto comitissa Armaniaci Fesenciaci et Ruthenensis vicecomitissaque Leomaniæ et Altavillaris", under her testament dated 12 Aug 1325, appointed "dominæ Beatrici vice-comitissæ Lautricensi matri suæ…Rogerio de Armaniaco et Domino Amanevo de Lebreto" as her executors[341]. m firstly BERTRAND de Goth, son of ARNAUD GARSIE de Goth [later Vicomte de Lomagne et d´Auvillars] & his wife Miramonde de Mauléon (-[22 May/4 Jun] 1324). He succeeded his father in 1311 as Vicomte de Lomagne et d´Auvillars. m secondly ROGER de la Barthe ecuyer, son of ---.

4. BERTRAND [II] . Vicomte de Lautrec.

a) BEATRIX . m (before 28 Jul 1298) PHILIPPE de Levis, son of GUY [III] de Lévis Maréchal de Mirepoix & his wife Isabelle de Marly [Montmorency] (-after 12 Jun 1304).

5. PHILIPPE . Vicomte de Lautrec. A manuscript chronicle records that "Philippus vice-comes Lautrici" swore allegiance for his vicomté to the French king in 1389[342].

6. HUGUES d´Arpajon . Vicomte de Lautrec. A manuscript chronicle records that "D. Ugo de Arpajou vice-comes Lautrici" swore allegiance for "castro suo de Bellagarda" to the French king in 1389[343].

7. HUGUES de Caraman . Vicomte de Lautrec. A manuscript chronicle records that "D. Hugo de Caramanno vice-comes Lautrici" swore allegiance for "suo vice-comitatu...[et] Saxiaco" to the French king in 1402[344].

F. VICOMTES de SAINT-ANTONIN

1. ISARN . Vicomte de Saint-Antonin. "Isarnus vicecomes et fratres eius Guillelmus Jordani et Petrus vicecomes" agreed with "Guillelmo de Fontanis et filiis suis et suis nepotibus, filiis…Umberti fratris sui" to divide their territories by charter dated Jun 1155[345].

2. GUILLAUME JORDAN . "Isarnus vicecomes et fratres eius Guillelmus Jordani et Petrus vicecomes" agreed with "Guillelmo de Fontanis et filiis suis et suis nepotibus, filiis…Umberti fratris sui" to divide their territories by charter dated Jun 1155[346].

3. PIERRE . Vicomte. "Isarnus vicecomes et fratres eius Guillelmus Jordani et Petrus vicecomes" agreed with "Guillelmo de Fontanis et filiis suis et suis nepotibus, filiis…Umberti fratris sui" to divide their territories by charter dated Jun 1155[347].

G. VICOMTES de TOULOUSE

1. --- . [Vicomte de Toulouse]. m AVIGERNA, daughter of GERARD Comte de Limoges & his wife Adaltrude --- (-after [894/909]). The Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis records that "Raimundum…comitem filium…Odonis" captured "nepotem domni Geraldi…Benedictum, Tolosæ…vicecomitem" and that "Geraldus…cum sorore sua Avigerna" requested his release[348]. Two children:

a) BENOIT (-[before 13 Oct 909]). The Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis records that "Raimundum…comitem filium…Odonis" captured "nepotem domni Geraldi…Benedictum, Tolosæ…vicecomitem" and that "Geraldus…cum sorore sua Avigerna" requested his release[349]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc dates the event to [894/909], the earlier date being when the monastery of Aurillac was founded and the latter the date of death of Benoît´s maternal uncle[350]. Vicomte de Toulouse. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc suggests that Benoît predeceased his maternal uncle as he is not named in the latter´s testament[351].

b) RENAUD (-after 13 Oct 909). The Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis records that "Rainaldus…frater ipsius" offered himself as a hostage after "nepotem domni Geraldi…Benedictum, Tolosæ…vicecomitem" was captured[352]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc states that Renaud was appointed heir in the testament of his maternal uncle Gérard Comte d´Aurillac[353].

2. ADEMAR (-after 961). Vicomte de Toulouse. The testament of "Raymundus comes" is dated 961, bequeathed property "alode de Laugiago…Fessago…Campoguidano…Valencio" to "Ademario vicecomite Tolosano"[354].

1. ARMAND (-after Feb [1080]). "Artmannus et frater meus vicecomes Ademarus necnon et Pontius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Saturnini…in pago Caturcino…in loco…Siurag" to the monastery of Moissac by charter dated 1074, subscribed by "Ademari vicecomitis, Artmanni fratris eius, Pontii fratris eorum, Raymundi-Ademarii fratris eorum, Willelmi filii eius"[355]. Vicomte [de Toulouse]. A charter dated Feb [1080] records the same donation by "Armandus et Ademarus vicecomites" and adds that "uxoris suæ et filiorum suorum" (referring to Adémar) gave advice[356].

2. ADEMAR (-[1098] or after). Vicomte [de Toulouse]. "Artmannus et frater meus vicecomes Ademarus necnon et Pontius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Saturnini…in pago Caturcino…in loco…Siurag" to the monastery of Moissac by charter dated 1074, subscribed by "Ademari vicecomitis, Artmanni fratris eius, Pontii fratris eorum, Raymundi-Ademarii fratris eorum, Willelmi filii eius"[357]. A charter dated Feb [1080] records the same donation by "Armandus et Ademarus vicecomites" and adds that "uxoris suæ et filiorum suorum" (referring to Adémar) gave advice[358]. "Guillelmus Tolonanensium, Albensium seu Caturcensium, Lutevensium, Petragorensium, Carcassonensium, Aginnensium necne Astarachensium comes et dux…cum uxore mea…Emma" confirmed donations by "proavuo…meo Pontio Aquitanorum duce" to Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 16 Jun 1080, signed by "…Ademari vicecomitis…"[359]. The testament of "Ademarus vicecomes Tolosanus", dated to [1098], refers to "filii mei"[360]. [m ---. The name of Adémar´s wife is not known. A charter dated to [1090] refers to a donation by "Guillelma la viscomtessa" to "san Salvador"[361], but it is not clear whether this refers to the wife/widow of Vicomte Adémar. Adémar & his wife had [one child]:

a) [GUILLAUME . "Artmannus et frater meus vicecomes Ademarus necnon et Pontius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Saturnini…in pago Caturcino…in loco…Siurag" to the monastery of Moissac by charter dated 1074, subscribed by "Ademari vicecomitis, Artmanni fratris eius, Pontii fratris eorum, Raymundi-Ademarii fratris eorum, Willelmi filii eius"[362]. The identity of Guillaume´s father is unclear from this passage. The word "eius" could apply either to Ademar or to Raymond Adémar, although the former appears more likely.]

3. PONS . "Artmannus et frater meus vicecomes Ademarus necnon et Pontius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Saturnini…in pago Caturcino…in loco…Siurag" to the monastery of Moissac by charter dated 1074, subscribed by "Ademari vicecomitis, Artmanni fratris eius, Pontii fratris eorum, Raymundi-Ademarii fratris eorum, Willelmi filii eius"[363].

4. RAYMOND ADEMAR . "Artmannus et frater meus vicecomes Ademarus necnon et Pontius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Saturnini…in pago Caturcino…in loco…Siurag" to the monastery of Moissac by charter dated 1074, subscribed by "Ademari vicecomitis, Artmanni fratris eius, Pontii fratris eorum, Raymundi-Ademarii fratris eorum, Willelmi filii eius"[364].

Chapter 3. COMTES de CARCASSONNE

According to Bisson[365], the family of the first comtes de Carcassonne was of Visigothic descent. Aurell suggests that they probably originated in Conflent, an ancient vicaria located in present-day Pyrénées-Orientales[366]. However, it is not at all clear that the different nobles who are attributed in the primary sources with jurisdiction over Carcassonne during the late 8th and early 9th centuries were related. It was unusual during this period for fiefdoms to be awarded with hereditary rights, as is demonstrated by the absence of dynastic counties among the Carolingian nobility (see the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). In any case, it is not certain that the names of all the 9th century rulers in Carcassonne are known. For example, there is a gap of more than thirty years between the last mention of Comte Oliba [I] and the first mention of Comte Oliba [II] in 870.

During the first half of the 9th century, it is unclear whether Carcassonne was under the suzerainty of the Marquisate of Gothia or the March of Spain. However, the Annales Bertiniani record that Charles II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks granted “Carcasonem et Rhedas” to “Bernardo…Tholosæ comite” in 872[367]. No indication has been found that the county of Carcassonne left the suzerainty of the counts of Toulouse thereafter.

It is not clear how the county was transmitted to the family of the Comte de Comminges after the death of Comte Acfred [II] in [933]. Settipani highlights that the most obvious explanation is that Arsinde, wife of Arnaud Comte de Comminges and mother of Roger [I] Comte de Carcassonne who was the next recorded count, was the daughter of Acfred [II], although he accepts that there is no proof of this paternity[368]. As explained below, the chronology for this hypothesis is unfavourable. Another difficulty is that there is no indication who held the county of Carcassonne between the death of Comte Acfred and the time when Arsinde's son Roger was comte, the date of which is uncertain but is unlikely to have been before the 950s at the earliest. In particular, no proof has yet been found that the county was inherited by Arsinde's husband, Comte Arnaud, which would have been normal if his wife had been the heiress of Carcassonne. A third difficulty is that none of the names associated with the first family of Comtes de Carcassonne (especially Oliba, Acfred and Sunifred) are found among the descendants of Arsinde and Comte Arnaud.

After the death of Comte Raymond Roger [II] in 1067, the county of Carcassonne passed to the Condes de Barcelona, while the the viscounty of Béziers and Agde passed to his sister Ermengarde and through her to the Vicomtes d'Albi.

A. COMTES de CARCASSONNE et de RAZES [812]-[933]

1. BELLO (-[before 812]). “Bellon” is the first known count to have governed Carcassonne, and is named in documents dated after 778 and before 812[369].

2. GISCLAFRED (-after 2 Apr 812). "Karolus…augustus…imperator Romanum…rex Francorum et Langobardorum" issued a charter dated 2 Apr 812 to the counts in the Spanish march "Berane, Gauscelino, Gisclafredo, Odilone, Ermengario, Ademaro, Laibulfo et Erlino comitibus" instructing them to grant protection to the refugees from Spain[370]. According to Cros-Mayrevieille, he is named in charters dated 812 as governor of Carcassonne but he does not cite the sources[371]. [m AILONA, daughter of ---. She is shown as Gisclafred's wife by Aurell[372], but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.]

3. OLIBA [I] (-[1 Nov 835/10 May 837]). "Oliba comes et uxor mea Elmetrudes" donated property at "villa de Faviès" to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 21 Sep 820[373]. According to Cros-Mayrevieille, he is named in charters dated 821, 825, 835, 837 and 838 as governor of Carcassonne[374]. Pepin I King of Aquitaine donated property to the abbey of Montolieu "in territorio Carcassense super fluvium Duranum…annuente Oliba comite" by charter dated 1 Nov 835[375]. His latest date of death is set by the charter dated 10 May 837 signed by "Richildis femina que fui uxor de conda Olibani comiti" relating to the "villa de Faviès"[376]. m firstly ERMENTRUDE, daughter of --- (-[21 Sep 820/830]). "Oliba comes et uxor mea Elmetrudes" donated property at "villa de Faviès" to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 21 Sep 820[377]. m secondly RICHILDA, daughter of --- (-after 10 May 837). "Richildis femina que fui uxor de conda Olibani comiti" signed a charter dated 10 May 837 relating to the "villa de Faviès" subscribed by "Lighatario, Centullus, Samson, Uczandus, Hugo, Eles"[378].

4. DELA (-after 3 Sep 838). Pepin I King of Aquitaine donated property to the abbey of Grasse, finished by "Dellone comite et Gisclafredo filio eius", by charter dated 3 Sep 838[379]. m ---. The name of Dela´s wife is not known. Dela & his wife had one child:

a) GISCLAFRED (-after 3 Sep 838). Pepin I King of Aquitaine donated property to the abbey of Grasse, finished by "Dellone comite et Gisclafredo filio eius", by charter dated 3 Sep 838[380].

Two brothers, parents not known.

1. OLIBA [II] ([830/40]-[879]). Cros-Mayrevieille suggests that Oliba [II] was the son of Oliba [I][381]. The name obviously suggests a close relationship but, in the absence of documentary evidence to the contrary, Oliba [II] could just as easily have been the nephew or grandson of Oliba [I]. In addition, assuming that Oliba [II] was in his thirties when granted property in 870 (which appears to be corroborated if his sons were minors when he died), he must have been born late in the life of Oliba[I] if he was the son of the latter. Comte de Carcassonne. Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks granted property "in pago Carehasensi" to "Olibam…comitem", by charter dated 20 Jul 870[382]. The Annales Bertiniani record that King Charles II granted “Carcasonem et Rhedas” to “Bernardo…Tholosæ comite” in 872[383]. A charter dated 23 Sep 873 records the foundation of the church of Notre-Dame de Formiguera by "comitibus…Vuifredo et fratre eius Mirone et comitibus Olibano et fratre eius Ayfredo"[384]. Emperor Charles II "le Chauve" granted property "res in Gotia" previously held by "Mirone infideli nostro filio Beram" and “in Carcasense” by “Fredario et uxori suæ Deufianæ…infidelis noster” and “Hostiliti et fratrum suorum…infidelium nostrorum” to "Oolibam comiti Carcasensi", by charter dated 11 Jun 877[385]. A charter of Charles III “le Simple” King of the West Franks dated 3 Nov 908, confirming the assets of “monasterio Crassensi”, mentions property donated by “Bencio comes bonæ memoriæ” which “Oliba comes” held[386]. m ---. The name of Oliba's wife is not known. Comte Oliba [II] & his wife had two children:

a) BENCIO [I] ([860/70]-908). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Carcassonne. A charter of Charles III “le Simple” King of the West Franks dated 3 Nov 908, confirming the assets of “monasterio Crassensi”, mentions property donated by “Bencio comes bonæ memoriæ” which “Oliba comes” held[387].

b) ACFRED [II] ([860/70]-after 24 May 934). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He succeeded his brother in 908 as Comte de Carcassonne et de Razès. "Agfredus comes…in civitate Carcassonna" donated "alodem Brucias in comitatu Carcassense…" to the abbey of Montolieu by charter dated 24 May 934, subscribed by "…Radulfus, Ugo, Oliba…"[388]. m ---. The name of Acfred's wife is not known. Comte Acfred [II] & his wife had [one possible child]:

i) [ARSINDE ([905/20]-after [959]). The parentage of the wife of Arnaud Comte de Comminges is not known. Settipani highlights that the obvious way of explaining the transmission of the county of Carcassonne to the family of the Comtes de Comminges is that Arsinde, wife of Comte Arnaud, was the daughter of Acfred Comte de Carcassonne[389]. This is also assumed to be correct by the Histoire Générale de Languedoc[390]. However, the chronology is not ideal. As explained below (Part B), it is likely that her son Roger [I] Comte de Carcassonne was born in the later part of the date range [930/40]. If this is correct, it is likely that Arsinde married in [925/35] which would place her own birth in the range [905/20]. Another difficulty is that there is no indication who held the county of Carcassonne between the death of Comte Acfred [II] in [933] and the time when Arsinde's son Roger was comte, the date of which is uncertain but is unlikely to precede the 950s at the earliest. In particular, no proof has yet been found that the county was inherited by Arsinde's husband, Comte Arnaud, which would have been normal if his wife had been the heiress of Carcassonne. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[391], Arsinde was the daughter of Acfred Duke of Aquitaine. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. It is assumed that it is also speculative based on onomastics. A third possibility is proposed by Stasser, who suggests that she was the sister of Raymond [I] Comte de Rouergue, on the grounds that it is better supported from the onomastic point of view[392]. m ([925/35]) ARNAUD Comte de Comminges et de Couserans, son of --- (-before 27 Nov 957).]

2. ACFRED [I] (-before 19 Feb 906). A charter dated 23 Sep 873 records the foundation of the church of Notre-Dame de Formiguera by "comitibus…Vuifredo et fratre eius Mirone et comitibus Olibano et fratre eius Ayfredo"[393]. Comte de Carcassonne et de Razès. A charter dated 24 Feb 883 records a judgment in the court of "…Aquifredo comite, Sicfredo vicecomite…" at Carcassonne relating to a claim by "Ermenardus…filius quondam genitore meo…Amelio"[394]. A charter dated 19 Feb 906 records the execution of the testament of "Aifredo comite" by "Adalindes comitissa", including the donation of property "in comitatu Redense" to "S. Joannis-Baptiste castrum Malasti...in territorio Carcassense super fluvium Duranno", signed by "Aifredo filio Aifredo"[395]. A charter of Charles III “le Simple” King of the West Franks dated 3 Nov 908, confirming the assets of “monasterio Crassensi”, mentions property “in pago Redense” donated by “Acfredus comes”[396]. m ADALINDA, daughter of --- (-after 19 Feb 906). A charter dated 19 Feb 906 records the execution of the testament of "Aifredo comite" by "Adalindes comitissa", including the donation of property "in comitatu Redense" to "S. Joannis-Baptiste castrum Malasti...in territorio Carcassense super fluvium Duranno", signed by "Aifredo filio Aifredo"[397]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[398], he married Adalinda d'Aquitaine, daughter of Bernard "Plantevelue" Comte d'Autun, de Rodez et d'Auvergne & his wife Ermengarde [d'Auvergne], and was father of later dukes of Aquitaine. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. It is possible that the co-identity is based only on speculation from the Cluny charter of Acfred Duke of Aquitaine, dated 2 Oct 927, which names his parents as Acfred and Adelinda, and on the assumption that Acfred [I] Comte de Carcassonne was the only contemporary nobleman of this name[399]. The charter quoted above provides further evidence that the co-identity may not be correct, as the other two known sons of Acfred, father of the two dukes of Aquitaine, did not consent to, or were not otherwise named in, the document. Acfred [I] & his wife had one child:

a) ACFRED [II] (-after 19 Feb 906). A charter dated 19 Feb 906 records the execution of the testament of "Aifredo comite" by "Adalindes comitissa", including the donation of property "in comitatu Redense" to "S. Joannis-Baptiste castrum Malasti...in territorio Carcassense super fluvium Duranno", signed by "Aifredo filio Aifredo"[400].

B. COMTES de CARCASSONNE (FAMILY of COMTES de COMMINGES)

ROGER [I] de Comminges "le Vieux", son of ARNAUD Comte de Comminges et de Couserans & his wife Arsinde de Carcassonne ([930/40]-after Apr 1011). "Arnaldus et uxor mea Arsindis, et Rodgarius et Odo filiis nostris" donated property to the abbey of Montolieu, near Carcassonne for the souls of "…et Rodgario fratre meo" by charter dated 7 Apr 949[401]. His birth date range is estimated on the assumption that he and his brother were young adolescents or older children at the date of this charter. His date of death suggests that it is more likely that he was born in the later part of this range. He succeeded as Comte de Carcassonne, de Razès, de Couserans et de Comminges, Seigneur de Foix, although the date is not known. "Arsendes comitissa et filius meus Rodgarius comes" sold property to "Gilaberto vicario" by charter dated 29 Nov 957[402]. "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea…Aladaices" exchanged property with "Sancio et uxori suæ…Goidlane et filio illorum Bernardo clerico" by charter dated Apr 970[403]. "Rodgarius comes…cum Adalissa comitissa conjuge mea et Regimundo sobole" donated property "alodem meum de Corniliano" to the monastery of Saint-Hilaire, Carcassonne by charter dated 979[404]. "Roggarius comes…cum coniuge comitissa Adalaice seu Regimundo sobole atque Bernardo sobole" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated Aug 981[405]. "Rotgerius comes et marchio cum coniuge comitissa Adalaisse atque cum prole Regimundo Barnardoque" donated property with the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated 1 Nov 984[406]. "Rogerius et uxor mea Adaleiz" donated "alodum nostrum…in pago Tolosano in terminio Podagense in villa…Valle" to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Dec 987[407]. "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea Aladaiz" donated property to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Aug [1001], signed by "Ramundo, Bernardo, Petrone"[408]. “Rogerius comes”, under his testament dated to [1002], divided his properties, “ad Raimundo filio meo…civitatem Carcassonam cum ipso comitatu carcassense…[et] Redas castellum cum suo comitatu…et ipsa tertia parte de comitatu Cominico” except for certain abbeys given to “filio meo Petrone”, and “ad Bernardo filio meo…comitatu de Cosoragno…castello de Fuxo”, and names “fratre meo Odone comite et…filio suo Arnaldo”[409]. "Rogerius comes et conjux mea Adalaizis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Hilaire, including property which "frater meus Oddo comes habuit", for the soul of "fratris mei Oddoni comitis" and for "filio nostro Regimundo comite", by charter dated Apr 1011, signed by "…Bernardus et dominus Petrus…comites…"[410].

m (before Apr 970) as her second husband, ADELAIS, widow of ---, daughter of --- (-after Apr 1011). "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea…Aladaices" exchanged property with "Sancio et uxori suæ…Goidlane et filio illorum Bernardo clerico" by charter dated Apr 970[411]. Her origin is unknown, although her first marriage is indicated by the reference to her son, presumably by this earlier marriage, in the charter dated 979 which is quoted below. Stasser has suggested that she was Adelais de Melgueil, daughter of Bernard Comte de Melgueil & his wife Sénégonde [de Rouergue], based on onomastic arguments[412]. "Rodgarius comes…cum Adalissa comitissa conjuge mea et Regimundo sobole" donated property "alodem meum de Corniliano" to the monastery of Saint-Hilaire, Carcassonne by charter dated 979, signed by "Adalaissæ comitissæ, Arnaudi comitis […], Regimundi sobolis meæ"[413]. Jaurgain points out that the words "filii Adalisse, Petri episcopi et comitis" should be added in the subscription list (where shown by square brackets) stating that they were omitted from the edition of the charter quoted in the third edition of the Histoire Générale de Languedoc[414]. Stasser suggests that "Petrus episcopus et comes" who subscribed the 979 charter may have been Pierre de Melgueil bishop of Maguelonne, who would have been Adelais's brother[415]. "Roggarius comes…cum coniuge comitissa Adalaice seu Regimundo sobole atque Bernardo sobole" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated Aug 981[416]. "Rotgerius comes et marchio cum coniuge comitissa Adalaisse atque cum prole Regimundo Barnardoque" donated property with the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated 1 Nov 984[417]. "Rogerius et uxor mea Adaleiz" donated "alodum nostrum…in pago Tolosano in terminio Podagense in villa…Valle" to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Dec 987[418]. "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea Aladaiz" donated property to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Aug [1001], signed by "Ramundo, Bernardo, Petrone"[419]. "Rogerius comes et conjux mea Adalaizis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Hilaire, including property which "frater meus Oddo comes habuit", for the soul of "fratris mei Oddoni comitis" and for "filio nostro Regimundo comite", by charter dated Apr 1011, signed by "…Bernardus et dominus Petrus…comites…"[420].

Comte Roger & his wife had five children:

1. ARSINDE de Carcassonne (965-after 993). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. "Dominus Willelmus vicecomes Biterrensis", on leaving on pilgrimage for Rome, and "uxor sua Arsindis" relinquished claims in favour of the abbey of Saint-Thibéry by charter dated 28 Feb 990[421]. Under his testament dated 990, "Guillelmus vicecomes" bequeathed Agde to "uxori suæ Arsindis vicecomitissa"[422]. "Guillelmus vicecomes et uxor mea…Arsindis" exchanged property with Matfred Bishop of Béziers by charter dated 17 Aug 994[423]. m as his second wife, GUILLAUME [II] Vicomte de Béziers, son of RAINARD Vicomte de Béziers & his wife Garsinde [de Carcassonne] ([945]-after 21 Jul 1007).

2. RAYMOND ROGER de Carcassonne (-before Apr 1011). "Rodgarius comes…cum Adalissa comitissa conjuge mea et Regimundo sobole" donated property "alodem meum de Corniliano" to the monastery of Saint-Hilaire, Carcassonne by charter dated 979[424]. “Rogerius comes”, under his testament dated to [1002], divided his properties, “ad Raimundo filio meo…civitatem Carcassonam cum ipso comitatu carcassense…[et] Redas castellum cum suo comitatu…et ipsa tertia parte de comitatu Cominico”[425]. He succeeded as Comte de Carcassonne.

- see below.

3. BERNARD ROGER de Carcassonne (summer 981-[22 Aug 1036/38]). "Roggarius comes…cum coniuge comitissa Adalaice seu Regimundo sobole atque Bernardo sobole" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated Aug 981[426]. “Rogerius comes”, under his testament dated to [1002], divided his properties, “ad Bernardo filio meo…comitatu de Cosoragno…castello de Fuxo”[427]. He succeeded in 1012 as Comte de Couserans and (part) Carcassonne, Seigneur du pays de Foix. He succeeded as Comte de Bigorre, de iure uxoris.

- COMTES de FOIX.

4. PIERRE ROGER de Carcassonne (-1 Aug 1050). "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea Aladaiz" donated property to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Aug [1001], signed by "Ramundo, Bernardo, Petrone"[428]. “Rogerius comes”, under his testament dated to [1002], divided his properties, “ad Raimundo filio meo…civitatem Carcassonam cum ipso comitatu carcassense…[et] Redas castellum cum suo comitatu…et ipsa tertia parte de comitatu Cominico” except for certain abbeys given to “filio meo Petrone”[429]. "Rogerius comes et conjux mea Adalaizis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Hilaire, including property which "frater meus Oddo comes habuit", for the soul of "fratris mei Oddoni comitis" and for "filio nostro Regimundo comite", by charter dated Apr 1011, signed by "…Bernardus et dominus Petrus…comites…"[430]. Bishop of Gerona. “Petrus episcopus” donated property “per præceptum domini Rodgerii comitis patris mei et mater mea…Adalais comitissa” by charter dated 13 Dec 1027[431].

5. ERMESINDE de Carcassonne (-1 Mar 1058). Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 2 Sep 1019 which names “Raymondus…comes Borreli comitis proles” and by which “Ermisindi…coniux eius comitissa, filia…comitis Carcasonensis Rodegarii” records her husband´s burial “infra canonicalem claustram S. Crucis sedis” and confirms a donation by “femina…Bellazez uxor quæ fuit Sesemundi fratris Seniofredi Gerundensis vicecomitis”, with the consent of “filio suo domno Barengario marchione comite…Amato vicecomite Gerundense…”[432]. "Remundus comes et marchio, Ermensides comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 11 Jun 996[433]. "Ermessindis comitissa et Amato de castro Surice et Sunifredo de Riorubio, Gondebaldus de Besora, Lobeto de Celra" signed a document dated 12 Nov 1018 as executors of "condam Remundo comite et marchio"[434]. Regent during the minority of her son until early 1020s. She acquired considerable power during her regency, quarrelling with her son. She continued to be a disruptive influence in Catalonia until her death[435]. The testament of "Ermesindis comitissa", dated 25 Sep 1057, names "domnum Raymundum Berengarium comitem nepotem meum…domna Almodis comitissa coniuge vestra"[436]. The codicil of "domna Ermesindis comitissa", dated 6 Mar 1057 (O.S.), names "Guillermo Berengarii suo nepoti…Sancio suo nepoti…Bernardo Berengarii suo nepoti"[437]. m ([990/91]) RAMON BORRELL I Comte de Barcelona, son of BORRELL [II] Comte de Barcelona & his first wife Ledgarde [de Toulouse] ([971/26 May 972]-25 Feb 1017).

RAYMOND ROGER de Carcassonne, son of ROGER [I] de Comminges Comte de Carcassonne & his wife Adelais --- (-before Apr 1011). "Rodgarius comes…cum Adalissa comitissa conjuge mea et Regimundo sobole" donated property "alodem meum de Corniliano" to the monastery of Saint-Hilaire, Carcassonne by charter dated 979[438]. "Roggarius comes…cum coniuge comitissa Adalaice seu Regimundo sobole atque Bernardo sobole" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated Aug 981[439]. "Rotgerius comes et marchio cum coniuge comitissa Adalaisse atque cum prole Regimundo Barnardoque" donated property with the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated 1 Nov 984[440]. "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea Aladaiz" donated property to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Aug [1001], signed by "Ramundo, Bernardo, Petrone"[441]. “Rogerius comes”, under his testament dated to [1002], divided his properties, “ad Raimundo filio meo…civitatem Carcassonam cum ipso comitatu carcassense…[et] Redas castellum cum suo comitatu…et ipsa tertia parte de comitatu Cominico”[442]. He succeeded as Comte de Carcassonne, although as he predeceased his father this was presumably on the basis of some power-sharing arrangement. "Rogerius comes et conjux mea Adalaizis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Hilaire, including property which "frater meus Oddo comes habuit", for the soul of "fratris mei Oddoni comitis" and for "filio nostro Regimundo comite", by charter dated Apr 1011, signed by "…Bernardus et dominus Petrus…comites…"[443].

m (before 990) as her first husband, GARSINDIS de Béziers, daughter of GUILLAUME [II] Vicomte de Béziers & his first wife Ermentrudis --- (975-after 29 Sep 1043). The testament of "Guillelmus vicecomes", dated 990, appointed "…Arsindis vicecomitissa…" among his executors and named "filia sua Garsindis…filia mea Senegundis"[444]. "Ratulfus et uxor mea Lugrizia…" gave property "in comitatu Agathense in villa Almas" to "Raimundo comiti et uxore tue Garsindi comitisse" by charter dated 21 Jul 1007, which also names "Guillelmo vicecomes" but gives no indication of any relationship between the latter and Garsindis[445]. Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 26 Jun 1070 under which “Remundus Bernardi vicecomes cognomento Trencaveis et Ermengardis vicecomitissa conjux mea, filia…Rangardis comitissæ” transferred property to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii” which names “Guillermus vicecomes Biterrensis…avus Petri Raymundi”[446]. She married secondly (1013) as his second wife, Bernard "Pelet" Seigneur d'Anduze. A charter dated 18 Dec 1029 records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus", for the soul of "genitoris nostri Barnardi", in the presence of "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…"[447]. "Garsendis comitissa…et filiis meis Petro et Guillelmo et Bermundo" donated property to Conques, for the souls of "genitoris mei Guillelmi…genetricis meæ et…Bernardi senioris mei et filii mei Remundi et…filiorum meorum Guillelmi, Petroni, Bermundi", by charter dated Aug [1034][448]. "Petrus Raimundi comes" donated property to the church of Béziers, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 29 Sep 1043[449].

Comte Raymond Roger & his wife had two children:

1. PIERRE RAYMOND de Carcassonne (-[1060]). His parentage is indicated by the charter dated 22 Apr 1070 under which “Rangardis comitissa, filia…Ameliæ comitissæ” sold property in “comitatu Redensi, Cosaranensi, et Comeniensi, et Carcassonensi, et Narbonensi, et Minerbensi, et Tolosano”, previously held by “Rodgario comite vetulo Carcassonensi et Otone fratre eius comite Redensi et…Bernardo Rodgarii et Raymundo Rodgarii et Petro episcopo filiorum prædicti Rodgarii, et…Petri Raymundi comitis mariti mei et Rodgarii filii mei”, to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonensi et Almodi comitissæ coniugi vestræ sorori meæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii”[450]. He succeeded as Comte de Carcassonne, Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde. "Garsendis comitissa…et filiis meis Petro et Guillelmo et Bermundo" donated property to Conques, for the souls of "genitoris mei Guillelmi…genetricis meæ et…Bernardi senioris mei et filii mei Remundi et…filiorum meorum Guillelmi, Petroni, Bermundi", by charter dated Aug [1034][451]. A charter dated to [1035] records hearings relating to disputes between "Bermundus" and "Petri comitis frater eius"[452]. "Petrus Raimundi comes" donated property to the church of Béziers, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 29 Sep 1043[453]. "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[454]. m RAINGARDE de la Marche, daughter of BERNARD [I] Comte de La Marche & his wife Amelia --- (-after 22 Apr 1070). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[455]. "Raymundus comes filius Beliard Rangard comitissam filiam Ameliæ" granted rights to "Rangardam suprascriptam" by undated charter, presumably dated to soon after his father´s death[456]. "Raingardis comitissa et gener meus Raymundus et uxor eius filia mea…Ermengardis et soror eius Adalais" donated "alodem…Tonneus…in pago Biterrensi super fluvium Orbi juxta Villamnovam", previously held by "Wilelmus vicecomes Biterrensis et Raymundus Rotgerii et Garsindis vicecomitissa et filii eius Petrus et Willelmus", to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Jan 1062[457]. "Rogerius […filius qui fui Trudgarda] et frater meus Raymundus Batallia" donated "medietatem…castro…Proliano et…duas partes de…castro…Mirapixo" [Prouille and Mirepoix] to "Rengardis comitissa […filia Amelia] et filio suo Rogerio comite", with the consent of "fratrem nostrum Petronum Rogerium", by charter dated 23 Jan 1063[458]. “Rodgerius…comes” donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille, on the advice of “matris meæ Raingardæ, sive uxoris meæ Sibillæ”, by charter dated 10 Apr 1064[459]. “Rengardis comitissa” donated property “Redes cum omni comitatu Redensi” to “Guillermum comitem generum suum” by charter dated 13 Mar 1067[460]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 22 Apr 1070 under which “Rangardis comitissa, filia…Ameliæ comitissæ” sold property in “comitatu Redensi, Cosaranensi, et Comeniensi, et Carcassonensi, et Narbonensi, et Minerbensi, et Tolosano”, previously held by “Rodgario comite vetulo Carcassonensi et Otone fratre eius comite Redensi et…Bernardo Rodgarii et Raymundo Rodgarii et Petro episcopo filiorum prædicti Rodgarii, et…Petri Raymundi comitis mariti mei et Rodgarii filii mei”, to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonensi et Almodi comitissæ coniugi vestræ sorori meæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii”[461]. She is named in the charter dated 3 Feb 1102 under which her daughter "Adelaiz comitissa filia…Petri Raimundi comitis de Carcassona et Raingardis uxoris suæ" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse[462]. Comte Pierre Raymond & his wife had four children:

a) RAYMOND ROGER [II] de Carcassonne (-1067). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[463]. The cartulary of Agde records a donation by "Raimundus vicecomes filius de Rangardis" by charter dated [1062/67][464]. He succeeded his father in [1060] as Comte de Carcassonne et de Razès, Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde. "Raymundus comes filius Beliard Rangard comitissam filiam Ameliæ" granted rights to "Rangardam suprascriptam" by undated charter, presumably dated to soon after his father´s death[465]. "Rogerius comes filius Rangard" [Comte de Carcassonne] and "Rogerium comitem filium Garsendæ comitissæ" [Comte de Foix] confirmed their agreement relating to "civitate…Carcassona" by charter dated to [1063][466]. "Rogerius […filius qui fui Trudgarda] et frater meus Raymundus Batallia" donated "medietatem…castro…Proliano et…duas partes de…castro…Mirapixo" [Prouille and Mirepoix] to "Rengardis comitissa […filia Amelia] et filio suo Rogerio comite", with the consent of "fratrem nostrum Petronum Rogerium", by charter dated 23 Jan 1063[467]. “Rodgerius…comes” donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille, on the advice of “matris meæ Raingardæ, sive uxoris meæ Sibillæ”, by charter dated 10 Apr 1064[468]. "Rodgarius comes" donated property to the cathedral of Béziers by charter dated 16 Jun 1065, subscribed by "…Rostagni de Porcharanis et Ademarii filii sui…"[469]. After his death, the county of Carcassonne passed to the Condes de Barcelona. “Raymundum Barcheonensem comitem et domnam Adalmodem comitissam et infants prædicti Raymundi comitis” agreed with “Raymundi Bernardi vicecomitem et Ermengardem vicecomitissam uxorem eius et infants illorum” to buy “tota…honore de Redes et de Carcasses et de Narbones et de Menerbes et de Tolosano” held by “Petri Raymundi comitis et Rodgario filio suo”, by charter dated 1067[470]. The cartulary of Conques indicates that the viscounty of Béziers and Agde passed to his sister Ermengarde (see below). m SIBYLLE, daughter of --- (-after 10 Apr 1064). “Rodgerius…comes” donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille, on the advice of “matris meæ Raingardæ, sive uxoris meæ Sibillæ”, by charter dated 10 Apr 1064[471].

b) GARSINDE de Carcassonne (-[3 Mar 1054/1062]). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[472]. According to the Histoire Générale de Languedoc[473], she was the first wife of Raymond Vicomte de Narbonne, son of Bérenger Vicomte de Narbonne and his wife Garsinda de Besalú. Stasser dismisses this and concludes that Garsinde must have died unmarried[474].

c) ERMENGARDE de Carcassonne (-after 26 Mar 1099). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[475]. "Raingardis comitissa et gener meus Raymundus et uxor eius filia mea…Ermengardis et soror eius Adalais" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Jan 1062[476]. She succeeded her brother in 1067 as Vicomtesse de Béziers et d'Agde. “Raymundus Bernardi vicecomes et uxor eius Ermengardis vicecomitissa” sold their part of the county of Carcassonne to “domno Raymundo Barcheonæ comiti et domnæ Adalmodi comitissæ” by charter dated 2 Mar 1067, which names “Petrus Raimundi comes…[et] Rodgarius comes de Fox…filio suo”[477]. "Ermengardis comitissa…et filius meus Bernardus" donated property rights to the church of Sainte-Marie, Agde by charter dated [1074][478], presumably shortly after the death of her husband as he is not named, but this is not stated explicitly in the document. "Rogerius comes Fuxensis" and "Ermengarda vicecomitissa et…Bernardo Atonis filio eius" settled their disputes about the county of Carcassonne by charter dated 21 Apr 1095[479]. "Ermengardis visce comitissa filia Rangardis" donated property in "villa…Licairag…pro remedium animo seniore meo Raimundo" to the abbey of Conques by charter dated Nov [1097/1107], naming "filio meo Bernardo Atto"[480]. "Hermengardis vice comitissa et filius meus Bernardus Atto" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 26 Mar 1099[481]. m (before 3 Jan 1062) RAYMOND BERNARD "Trencavel" Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes, son of BERNARD ATON [III] Vicomte d'Albi & his wife --- (-1074).

d) ADELAIDE de Carcassonne (-after 3 Feb 1102). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[482]. "Raingardis comitissa et gener meus Raymundus et uxor eius filia mea…Ermengardis et soror eius Adalais" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Jan 1062[483]. Her marriage is indicated by the charter dated 13 Mar 1067 under which “Rengardis comitissa” donated property “Redes cum omni comitatu Redensi” to “Guillermum comitem generum suum”[484], and the charter dated 27 Dec 1067 under which “Guillermus Raymundi filius Adalæ comitissæ de Cerritaniæ” sold property “in civitate Carcassonæ...sive in Rodes” to “domno Raymundo comiti Barcheonæ et domnæ Adalmodi comitissæ” naming “uxorem Adalaidem…filia Petri Raymundi comitis Biterrensis et Rangardis comitissa”[485]. "Adalaidis filia…Rangardis comitissa" sold her rights to Carcassonne to "Raymundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii" by charter dated 2 Aug 1070[486]. "Adelaiz comitissa filia…Petri Raimundi comitis de Carcassona et Raingardis uxoris suæ" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 3 Feb 1102[487]. m (before 13 Mar 1067, divorced before [1071]) as his first wife, GUILLEM RAMÓN Conde de Cerdanya, son of RAMÓN GUIFRÉ I Conde de Cerdanya & his wife Adelaida --- (-1095).

2. GUILLAUME de Carcassonne (-after 1054). "Garsendis comitissa…et filiis meis Petro et Guillelmo et Bermundo" donated property to Conques, for the souls of "genitoris mei Guillelmi…genetricis meæ et…Bernardi senioris mei et filii mei Remundi et…filiorum meorum Guillelmi, Petroni, Bermundi", by charter dated Aug [1034][488]. "Willermus filius Garsendis comitissæ" swore allegiance to "Petrone fratre suo" by charter dated to [1036][489]. m ---. The name of Guillaume's wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had [three] children:

a) [RAYMOND GUILLAUME (-after [1054]). "Raymundus Guillelmus" donated "villa…Magriniano" to "Petrone comite avunculo suo" by charter dated to [1050][490]. Comte. "Raimundus Guillelmus comes et uxor mea Richardis" donated property to the chapter of Saint-Nazaire de Béziers by charter dated to [1054][491]. m RICHARDIS, daughter of --- (-after [1054]). "Raimundus Guillelmus comes et uxor mea Richardis" donated property to the chapter of Saint-Nazaire de Béziers by charter dated to [1054][492].]

b) [PIERRE GUILLAUME (-after 27 Dec 1069). "Petrus Guillermi et Bernardus Guillermi fratres" sold their rights to the county of Carcassonne and in "castro…Reddes…in Reddensi comitatu vel in Narbonensi comitatu" to "domno Raymundo comiti et domnæ Almodi comitissæ" by charter dated 27 Dec 1069[493].]

c) [BERNARD GUILLAUME (-after 27 Dec 1069). "Petrus Guillermi et Bernardus Guillermi fratres" sold their rights to the county of Carcassonne and in "castro…Reddes…in Reddensi comitatu vel in Narbonensi comitatu" to "domno Raymundo comiti et domnæ Almodi comitissæ" by charter dated 27 Dec 1069[494].]

C. VICOMTES de CARCASSONNE, VICOMTES de COUSERANS

1. SICFRED (-after 24 Feb 883). Vicomte de Carcassonne. A charter dated 24 Feb 883 records a judgment in the court of "…Aquifredo comite, Sicfredo vicecomite…" at Carcassonne relating to a claim by "Ermenardus…filius quondam genitore meo…Amelio"[495].

2. AMELIUS . Vicomte de Carcassonne. The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, donated "alodes qui fuerunt Amelio vicecomite de Carcassona…in Narbonensi"[496].

3. RAOUL . m ---. The name of Raoul´s wife is not known. Raoul & his wife had one child:

a) ARNAUD (-after 1002). Vicomte de Carcassonne. A charter dated 1002 records donations to the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by "Rodgarius comes et uxor eius comitissa cum filio eorum Regimundo" and the renunciation of claims by "Arnaldus, filius Radulphi…vicecomes"[497].

1. ROGER [I] de Comminges, son of BERNARD [III] Comte de Comminges & his wife --- de Toulouse (-before 3 Apr 1211). Vicomte de Carcassonne. Vicomte de Couserans. m --- de Foix, daughter of ROGER BERNARD [I] "el Gordo" Comte de Foix & his wife Cécile de Béziers. Roger [I] & his wife had one child:

a) ROGER [II] (-after 1240). The Historia Albigensium of Pierre de Vaux-Cernay records that "Rogerius de Comenge consanguineus comitis Fuxi" at first supported Simon de Montfort against Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse[498]. Vicomte de Carcassonne. Vicomte de Couserans. He succeeded as Conde de Pallars-Subirà, de iure uxoris.

- CONDES de PALLARS.

D. SEIGNEURS de DURFORT

The castle of Durfort was located near the castle of Termes, east of the town of Limoux and south-east of Carcassonne, in the present-day French département of Aude.

1. TEUDOMAR de Durfort . m ---. The name of Teudomar´s wife is not known. Teudomar & his wife had two children:

a) FALCO de Durfort (-before 1093). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1093 under which "Bertrandus filius Falconis de castro…Durfort" donated the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy, held by "pater meus Fulco et avunculus meus Raimundus Tedomari", to the abbey of Grasse[499]. Seigneur de Durfort. m ---. The name of Falco´s wife is not known. Falco & his wife had [three or more] children:

i) BERTRAND de Durfort (-after 1093). "Bertrandus filius Falconis de castro…Durfort" donated his share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy, held by "pater meus Fulco et avunculus meus Raimundus Tedomari", to the abbey of Grasse, with the advice of "fratrum meorum et consobrinis meis…Raimundo Raimundi et Ugo Raimundi fratri sui et omnium filiorum eorum", by charter dated 1093[500].

ii) sons . "Bertrandus filius Falconis de castro…Durfort" donated his share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy, held by "pater meus Fulco et avunculus meus Raimundus Tedomari", to the abbey of Grasse, with the advice of "fratrum meorum et consobrinis meis…Raimundo Raimundi et Ugo Raimundi fratri sui et omnium filiorum eorum", by charter dated 1093[501].

b) RAYMOND TEUDOMAR de Durfort (-before 1093). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1093 under which "Bertrandus filius Falconis de castro…Durfort" donated the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy, held by "pater meus Fulco et avunculus meus Raimundus Tedomari", to the abbey of Grasse[502]. m ---. The name of Raymond´s wife is not known. Raymond & his wife had two children:

i) RAYMOND de Durfort (-after 1093). "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse, with the advice of "Petri Olivarii seniori de castro…Therme", by charter dated 1093[503]. m ---. The name of Raymond´s wife is not known. Raymond & his wife had three children:

(a) PIERRE RAYMOND de Durfort . "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 1093[504].

(b) RAYMOND TEUDOMAR de Durfort . "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 1093[505].

(c) BERNARD RAYMOND de Durfort . "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 1093[506].

ii) HUGUES de Durfort (-after 1093). "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus et omnes filii eius" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 1093[507]. m ---. The name of Hugues´s wife is not known. Hugues & his wife had children:

(a) sons . "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus et omnes filii eius" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 1093[508].

E. VICOMTES de MINERVE

1. PIERRE (-after 7 Sep 1071). Vicomte de Minerve. "Raimundi comitis Rutenensis…Rodgarii comitis de Fuxo…Petri vicecomitis Minerbensis…Ugo filio Pontio comiti Ympurias…" subscribed the charter dated 7 Sep 1071 which records an agreement between "Wuiellmum Tolosanum comitem" and "Raimundum comitem Barchinonensem et Carchanonensem et Raimundem filium eius" settling their dispute about "castello de Laurago" [Lauragais][509].

2. RAYMOND (-after 3 Feb 1084). Vicomte de Minerve. "Raymundus Minervensis vicecomes" donated property "in villa…Piriachum" to Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Feb 1084[510].

3. PONS (-after 1 May 1095). Vicomte de Minerve. The dating clause of a charter dated 1 May 1095 refers to "tempore…Pontii Minerbensis vicecomitis"[511].

4. BERNARD (-after 29 Apr 1103). Vicomte de Minerve. "Bernardi vicecomitis de Minerba, Petri filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 29 Apr 1103 under which "Aymericus…vicecomes Narbonensis…cum uxore mea…Mahalda et filiis nostris…Aymericus, Guiscardus et Bernardus Raymundi" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières for "Berengarii filii nostri" on his becoming a monk at the monastery[512]. m ---. The name of Bernard´s wife is not known. Bernard & his wife had one child:

a) PIERRE . "Bernardi vicecomitis de Minerba, Petri filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 29 Apr 1103 under which "Aymericus…vicecomes Narbonensis…cum uxore mea…Mahalda et filiis nostris…Aymericus, Guiscardus et Bernardus Raymundi" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières for "Berengarii filii nostri" on his becoming a monk at the monastery[513].

5. --- . m AGNES, daughter of ---. One child:

a) GUILLAUME de Minerve [de Alaniane/d´Aniort] (-after 1 Jul 1152). "Wilhermus de Minerva" donated "castellum de Laurano et…castellum de Olarge" to Bernard Athon Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated 7 Mar 1127[514]. "Guillelmus de Minerba filius Agnez" promised "castello de Laurano" to Roger Vicomte de Béziers if he died childless, by charter dated 1145[515]. Vicomte. "Utalgarius filius qui fui Gila" withdrew claims against "Guillermo de Alaniano vicecomiti avunculo meo" relating to "hæreditatem matris meæ…in terminio de Aniort" by charter dated 23 Jun 1145[516]. "Raimundus d´Aniort filius Agnes et Petrus de Belcastel et Bernard d´Alio et Odo d´Aniort fils d´Adalmas et Guillelmus d´Aniort fils d´Agnez" made commitments to "Raimond Trencavel fils de Cecilia" relating to "castel d´Aniort ni de Castelpor" by charter dated 1 Jul 1152[517].

b) RAYMOND d´Aniort (-after 1 Jul 1152). "Raimundus d´Aniort filius Agnes et Petrus de Belcastel et Bernard d´Alio et Odo d´Aniort fils d´Adalmas et Guillelmus d´Aniort fils d´Agnez" made commitments to "Raimond Trencavel fils de Cecilia" relating to "castel d´Aniort ni de Castelpor" by charter dated 1 Jul 1152[518].

c) GILA (-before 23 Jun 1145). m ---. One child:

i) UDALGAR . "Utalgarius filius qui fui Gila" withdrew claims against "Guillermo de Alaniano vicecomiti avunculo meo" relating to "hæreditatem matris meæ…in terminio de Aniort" by charter dated 23 Jun 1145[519].

Two brothers:

1. GUILLAUME (-after 4 Feb 1165). Vicomte de Minerve. "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[520]. "Guilhermus vicecomes Minervensis" granted "meum castrum…Lauranum" to "Wilhermo de Minerva filio meo…filius dominæ Garsendis" by charter dated 12 Dec 1161[521]. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[522]. m firstly GERSENDE, daughter of --- (-after 24 Jan 1145). "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[523]. m secondly ERMENGARDE, daughter of ---. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[524]. Guillaume & his first wife had five children:

a) PONS (-after 4 Feb 1165). "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[525]. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[526].

b) BERNARD (-after Mar 1175). "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[527]. "Bernardus de Minerba filius quondam Guillelmi de Minerba" donated "terre juxta villam de Vitiliano", in which "consobrini nostri filii Petri de Minerba" held other interests, to the abbey of Fontfroide, with the advice of "domine Ermengardis vicecomitisse Narbone…Guillelmus de Minerba frater predicti Bernardi de Minerba…Aimericus de Narbona nepos supradicte Ermengardis", by charter dated Mar 1175[528].

c) GUILLAUME (-after Mar 1175). "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[529]. "Guilhermus vicecomes Minervensis" granted "meum castrum…Lauranum" to "Wilhermo de Minerva filio meo…filius dominæ Garsendis" by charter dated 12 Dec 1161[530]. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[531]. "Bernardus de Minerba filius quondam Guillelmi de Minerba" donated "terre juxta villam de Vitiliano", in which "consobrini nostri filii Petri de Minerba" held other interests, to the abbey of Fontfroide, with the advice of "domine Ermengardis vicecomitisse Narbone…Guillelmus de Minerba frater predicti Bernardi de Minerba…Aimericus de Narbona nepos supradicte Ermengardis", by charter dated Mar 1175[532].

d) PIERRE (-after 1166). "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[533]. Vicomte de Minerve. "R. Trencavellus proconsul Biterris" granted property "in Opiano" to "Petro Minerbensi vicecomiti" by charter dated 27 Jul 1146[534]. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[535]. "Petrus de Minerba" donated "mansum...Longairon...in manso Blancho...in parochia de Serrucio...et mansum del Peirith...in territorio de Promillaco et medietatem...in caput mansi dels Estornz...in parochia Sancti Stephani...[et] in manso de Cantalops et in manso de Campolongo et duobus mansus de Figairoliis" to the abbey of Salvanez, with the consent of "filii mei Berengarii", by charter dated 1166[536]. m ---. The name of Pierre´s wife is not known. Pierre & his wife had one child:

i) BERENGER . "Petrus de Minerba" donated property to the abbey of Salvanez, with the consent of "filii mei Berengarii", by charter dated 1166[537].

e) BERENGER . "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[538]. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[539].

2. PIERRE de Minerve . His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated Mar 1175 under which "Bernardus de Minerba filius quondam Guillelmi de Minerba" donated "terre juxta villam de Vitiliano", in which "consobrini nostri filii Petri de Minerba" held other interests, to the abbey of Fontfroide[540]. m ---. The name of Pierre´s wife is not known. Pierre & his wife had --- children:

a) sons (-after Mar 1175). "Bernardus de Minerba filius quondam Guillelmi de Minerba" donated "terre juxta villam de Vitiliano", in which "consobrini nostri filii Petri de Minerba" held other interests, to the abbey of Fontfroide by charter dated Mar 1175[541].

3. BERENGER (-after 27 Apr 1135). Vicomte de Minerve. "Berengarius vicecomes Minervæ" donated property to the cathedral of Narbonne, where he requested his burial, by charter dated 27 Apr 1135[542].

1. GUILLAUME (-[1210/16 Mar 1215]). Seigneur de Minerve. The Historia Albigensium of Pierre de Vaux-Cernay records the siege of "Minerbam" by Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse, names "dominus castri…Guillelmus de Minerba" and records that he was granted "alios redditus prope Biterrim" by Comte Raymond after the castle surrendered[543]. A charter dated 17 Nov 1191 records a dispute between Roger Vicomte de Béziers and "Petrum Olivarium et […fratrem meum] Raimundum de Terme et Ricsovendam de Terme et Guilhelmum de Minerba maritum eius" regarding "patria de Termenez"[544]. m RICSOVENDE de Terme, daughter of --- & his wife Adelme --- (-after 17 Nov 1191). A charter dated 17 Nov 1191 records a dispute between Roger Vicomte de Béziers and "Petrum Olivarium et […fratrem meum] Raimundum de Terme et Ricsovendam de Terme et Guilhelmum de Minerba maritum eius" regarding "patria de Termenez"[545]. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME . "Guillelmus de Minerba" donated property held by "pater meus quondam Guillelmus de Minerba" to the commanderie de Campagnols by charter dated 16 Mar 1215[546]. Seigneur de Minerve.

F. VICOMTES de NARBONNE [900]-924

1. MAYEUL [Maiolus] [I], son of --- (-before 15 Jun 911). Vicomte de Narbonne. m RAYMONDE, daughter of --- (-[before 15 Jun 911]). A charter dated 15 Jun 911, under which Arnust Archibishop of Narbonne donated property to Saint-Paul de Narbonne, names "infantes Majolo vicecomite et uxori suæ Raymundæ...Walchario et...Albericho vicecomite", the wording implying that the parents were deceased at that date[547]. Settipani suggests that she was the daughter of Raymond I Comte de Toulouse[548]. Maieul [I] & his wife had two children:

a) GAUTHIER . A charter dated 15 Jun 911, under which Arnust Archibishop of Narbonne donated property to Saint-Paul de Narbonne, names "infantes Majolo vicecomite et uxori suæ Raymundæ...Walchario et...Albericho vicecomite", the wording implying that the parents were deceased at that date[549]. Vicomte de Narbonne. m ---. The name of Gauthier's wife is not known. Gauthier & his wife had [two] children:

i) RAYMONDE . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m FOUCHER Seigneur de Valensole {Alpes-de-Haute-Provence}, son of ---. Raymonde & her husband had one child:

(a) MAYEUL (-Aug 993). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. [A charter dated 4 May 948 noted obligations to Cluny of “Vualterius” relating to property “in villa Verchesoni et in Galna seu in Petrolio”, in the presence of “Vualterium vicecomitem…et monachi…Maiolus”[550]. No proof has been found that this monk was the future abbot of Cluny but this looks probable.] Abbot of Cluny [948]. “Abbas Maiolus” is named for the first time in a charter dated [948/49][551]. He is last named in a charter dated Aug 993[552].

ii) [MAYEUL [III] (-after 24 Oct 946). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Vicomte de Narbonne. "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property "Ursum…situs super fluvio Urbione intra paga Carcassonne et Narbonense" to the abbey of Lagrasse for the souls of "patris mei et matris meæ et uxoris mæ Ranilone et…alia uxore mea quæ fuit quondam…Estuer et pro filiabus meis et pro filiis meis Simplicio et Vuadamiro" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[553].] m firstly ESTHER, daughter of ---. "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse for the souls of "…alia uxore mea quæ fuit quondam…Estuer…" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[554]. m secondly RANILO, daughter of ---. "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse for the souls of "…uxoris mæ Ranilone…" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[555]. Maieul [II] & his [first/second] wife had [four or more] children:

(a) SIMPLICE . "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse "…pro filiabus meis et pro filiis meis Simplicio et Vuadamiro" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[556].

(b) VUADIMIRE . "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse "…pro filiabus meis et pro filiis meis Simplicio et Vuadamiro" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[557].

(c) daughters . "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse "…pro filiabus meis et pro filiis meis Simplicio et Vuadamiro" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[558].

b) AUBRY [Alberic] ([880/90]-[10 Sep] 945, bur Besançon Saint-Etienne). A charter dated 15 Jun 911, under which Arnust Archibishop of Narbonne donated property to Saint-Paul de Narbonne, names "infantes Majolo vicecomite et uxori suæ Raymundæ...Walchario et...Albericho vicecomite", the wording implying that the parents were deceased at that date[559]. A genealogy of the Comtes de Mâcon, included in the cartulary of Saint-Vincent de Mâcon, names "Albericus Narbonensis" and his marriage to "filiam Raculfi vicecomitis post mortem domini Bernonis Matiscensis episcopi", after which he made himself first Comte de Mâcon[560].

- COMTES de MÂCON.

c) [MAYEUL [II] (-[Jun 949/20 Apr 950]). Vicomte de Mâcon. The parentage of Vicomte Mayeul is not known, but it looks like that he was an otherwise unknown younger brother of Aubry Comte de Mâcon. However, his name, as well as the use of the names Gauthier, Raymonde and Aubry among his descendnants, indicates a close connection with the family of the vicomtes de Narbonne. From a chronological point of view, it is likely that he was of the same generation as Aubry Comte de Mâcon. It would also make sense that Comte Aubry appointed his younger brother as his vicomte in Mâcon. It does not appear likely that Mayeul [II] was the same person as shown above as Mayeul [III], as a charter names the wife of Mayeul [II] as Landrada, whereas another charter names the two wives of Mayeul [III] as shown above. Vicomte Mayeul is named in an undated charter relating to the inheritance of Landry, in the cartulary of Saint-Vincent de Mâcon[561]. Vicomte Mayeul subscribed a charter dated to 936 relating to Saint-Vincent de Mâcon[562].]

- VICOMTES de MÂCON.

G. VICOMTES de NARBONNE 924-1175

1. FRANCON [I] (-after 852). A charter dated 10 Sep 852 records an audience held before "Udulricus commis in villa Crispiano in territorio Narbonense" and names "…Alaricho et Franchone…vicedomini"[563].

2. FRANCON [II] . Guifré [I] Conde de Barcelona appointed Franco as Vizconde in Ausona {now Vic, comarca Osona, provincia Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain} in [879][564]. same person as…? FRANCON (-924). A charter dated 17 Dec 924 records a donation to the abbey of Montolieu by "Oddo…vicecomes…cum uxore mea…Richelde" of property "in comitatu Narbonensi" inherited from "genitoris…Franconis et meæ genetricis…Ersindis" granted to them by Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks[565]. m ARSINDE, daughter of --- (-before 10 Apr 931). "Waldaldus…sedis Elenensis {Elne, Pyrénées-Orientales} et Gauzbertus comes" donated property to "domum Sanctae Eulaliae…matrem omnium ecclesiarum Russulionensium sive Confluentium" for the souls of "Suniario comite et uxori Ermengardis et Bencone comite et Almerado episcopo condam et…Franchone vicecomite et uxori suae Eirtsinde et Oddone vicecomite" by charter dated 10 Apr 931[566]. As the donors were Gausbert [I] Comte de Empúries and Comte de Roussillon and his brother, and the other named individuals were their parents and deceased brothers (see CATALONIA NOBILITY), the presence of Arsinde and her family in the list would be explained if she was their sister, Arsinde daughter of Sunyer [II] Comte de Empúries, Comte de Roussillon & his wife Ermengarde ---. Francon & his wife had one child:

a) ODON (-936). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 17 Dec 924 which records a donation to the abbey of Montolieu by "Oddo…vicecomes…cum uxore mea…Richelde" of property "in comitatu Narbonensi" inherited from "genitoris…Franconis et meæ genetricis…Ersindis" which had been granted to them by Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, made with the consent of "domni Agonis archiepiscopi et Poncii comitis" and for the soul of "senioris mei Poncii comitis", signed by "Poncii comitis et marchionis…"[567]. Vicomte de Narbonne. "Waldaldus…sedis Elenensis {Elne, Pyrénées-Orientales} et Gauzbertus comes" donated property to "domum Sanctae Eulaliae…matrem omnium ecclesiarum Russulionensium sive Confluentium" for the souls of "Suniario comite et uxori Ermengardis et Bencone comite et Almerado episcopo condam et…Franchone vicecomite et uxori suae Eirtsinde et Oddone vicecomite" by charter dated 10 Apr 931[568]. m (before 17 Dec 924) RIQUILDA de Barcelona, daughter of GUIFRE II Conde de Barcelona & his wife Garsinde [de Toulouse] (-before 13 May 962). "Oddo…vicecomes…cum uxore mea…Richelde" donated property inherited from "mei genitoris…Franconis et meæ genitricis…Ersindis", with the consent of "domni Agonis archiepiscopi et Poncii comitis" and for the soul of "senioris mei Poncii comitis", by charter dated 17 Dec 924, signed by "Poncii comitis et marchionis…"[569]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 19 Oct 936 which records a donation by "Richilde vicomtesse fille du comte Borrel et de la comtesse Garsinde"[570]. "Vulveradus vicecomes…Widinildis comitissa, Richildis vicecomitissa…" signed the charter dated 28 Sep 926 under which "Teudericus et uxor mea…Sposia" donated property to Narbonne cathedral[571]. A charter dated 1 May 955 records a hearing at Narbonne before "Richildem vicecomitissam"[572]. A charter dated 13 May 962 refers to the testament of "condam Richildis vicecomitissa…de civitate Narbona" which appoints "suos elemosiniarios Gersindis comitissa, Matfredo et Adalaiz" and names "Borrello comite consanguineo suo…Odoni viri sui"[573]. Odon & his wife had [two] children:

i) MATFRED (-969). A charter dated 13 May 962 refers to the testament of "condam Richildis vicecomitissa…de civitate Narbona" which appoints "suos elemosiniarios Gersindis comitissa, Matfredo et Adalaiz"[574]. Vicomte de Narbonne.

- see below.

ii) [FRANCON ([920]-[977/83]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop of Carcassonne [965].]

The relationship between the following person and the main line of the family of vicomtes de Narbonne has not been ascertained. One of the signatories to the charter dated 28 Sep 926, quoted below, is assumed to have been the wife of Vicomte Odon. It is possible therefore that Vulverad was "joint" vicomte, and was maybe Odon´s younger brother. The omission of Odon himself from the list of subscribers could be explained by some temporary absence from Narbonne, during which time his wife and supposed younger brother may have acted on his behalf.

1. VULVERAD [Wulfrad] ([895]-after 26 Sep 926). Vicomte [de Narbonne]. "Vulveradus vicecomes" donated property "in comitatu Narbonensi…villa Rocalonga" to the church of Narbonne Saint-Paul[575]. "Vulveradus vicecomes…Widinildis comitissa, Richildis vicecomitissa…" signed the charter dated 28 Sep 926 under which "Teudericus et uxor mea…Sposia" donated property to Narbonne cathedral[576].

MATFRED, son of ODON Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Riquilda de Barcelona (-969). A charter dated 13 May 962 refers to the testament of "condam Richildis vicecomitissa…de civitate Narbona" which appoints "suos elemosiniarios Gersindis comitissa, Matfredo et Adalaiz"[577]. Vicomte de Narbonne. "Aduvira" sold property "in comitatu Narbonense villam…Creixano" to "Matfredo vicecomite et uxori tuæ Adalaicis vicecomitissa" by charter dated 10 Nov 952[578]. "Matfredus vicecomes et uxor mea Adalaiz" sold property to Aimery Archbishop of Narbonne by charter dated 22 Apr 959, signed by "…Soniefredus comes…"[579]. The testament of "Matfredus comes et uxor sua Adalaiz", dated 20 Aug 966, bequeathed property to "Ermengaudo filio nostro et fratri suo Raymundo…Trudgardæ filiæ nostræ", and names "Matfredo filio Salomone"[580]. He died returning from a pilgrimage to Rome.

m (before 10 Nov 952) ADELAIS, daughter of --- (-after 29 Mar 990). "Aduvira" sold property "in comitatu Narbonense villam…Creixano" to "Matfredo vicecomite et uxori tuæ Adalaicis vicecomitissa" by charter dated 10 Nov 952[581]. The question of the parentage of the wife of Matfred Vicomte de Narbonne is difficult. The two documents quoted below, in which she and her two sons are named by Gersende Ctss de Toulouse, suggest that she may have been the countess´s daughter, Adelais, daughter of Raymond Pons Comte de Toulouse & his wife Gersende de Gascogne, or at least closely related to her. This suggestion would explain the transmission of the name Raymond into the family of the vicomtes de Narbonne. However, two factors point away from this hypothesis. Firstly, Adelais´s three sisters, named in her own first testament dated 13 Jun 977, are not named in the [972] testament of their supposed mother Gersende. Secondly, Adelais´s second testament, dated 29 Mar 990, states that her donations were made for the souls of "genitoris atque genetricis meæ et…Matfredi viri mei…sive filiis meis, sive sororibus et parentibus meis", omitting to mention any brothers of which, if she was the daughter of Raymond Pons Comte de Toulouse, she would have had at least one. Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that she was the daughter of Arnaud [I] Comte de Comminges, basing the hypothesis on onomastics and favorable chronology[582], but his hypothesis does not satisfactorily explain why Adelais and her two sons were named in the testament of Ctss Gersende. "Matfredus vicecomes et uxor mea Adalaiz" sold property to Aimery Archbishop of Narbonne by charter dated 22 Apr 959, signed by "…Soniefredus comes…"[583]. A charter dated 13 May 962 refers to the testament of "condam Richildis vicecomitissa…de civitate Narbona" which appoints "suos elemosiniarios Gersindis comitissa, Matfredo et Adalaiz"[584]. The testament of "Matfredus comes et uxor sua Adalaiz", dated 20 Aug 966, bequeathed property to "Ermengaudo filio nostro et fratri suo Raymundo…Trudgardæ filiæ nostræ"[585]. A charter dated 969, which records an agreement between Aimery Archbishop of Narbonne and the monastery of Saint-Pons de Thomières, refers to the advice of "Gersindæ comitissæ et Adalais vicecomitissæ" and "quondam Poncius comes"[586]. "Domina Garcendis comitissa quæ fui uxor domni Pontii comitis" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières, for the soul of "dicti mariti mei Pontii comitis", by charter dated Jul [972], which reserves property which "Adalaydis et filius eius Ermengaudus et Raymundus" held in "castrum de Cenceno" for their lives[587]. The testament of "Gersindæ comitissæ", dated to [972], bequeathed property for life "alodem meum…Cencinnonem" to "Adalais vicecomitissæ et filiis eius Ermengaudo et Regimundo"[588]. A charter dated 13 Jun 977 records the execution of the testament of "quondam Aymerici sanctæ Narbonenis ecclesiæ archipresulis" by his executors "Adalaidis vicecomitissa Narbonæ, filiique mei consentientes Ermengaudus…archipræsul suus successor et Raymundus vicecomes…"[589]. The testament of "Adelais", dated 4 Oct 978, named "Ermengaudus archipresul et Raymundus et Vassadellus…" as her executors, made the following bequests: donated her foundation "Narbonam…sanctique Salvatoris" to "sororibus meis et domnæ Arsindæ comitissæ", bequeathed "mea hereditas de Vidiliano" to "Arsindi sorori meæ", "alodes de Tolomiano" to "Ermesindi", and "mea hereditas de Artimiciano" to "Garsindi"; "alodum…inter Biaurum et Syronem" to "Ermengaudo filio meo"; "villa Columbaria cum…ecclesia Sancti Petri" to "Raymundo filio meo"; requested "filia mea" to become abbess at Narbonne[590]. A second testament of "Adalaidis vicecomitissa", dated 29 Mar 990, appointed "Ermengaudo archiepiscopo filio meo et Raymundo vicecomiti fratri eius…" as her executors, donated property bought from "sorore mea…Garsindis", bequeathed property to "nurum meam Ricardem" and after her death to "Ermengaudum nepotem meum, filium suum", and to "Raymundum vicecomitem filium meum", adding that the donations were made for the souls of "genitoris atque genetricis meæ et…Matfredi viri mei…sive filiis meis, sive sororibus et parentibus meis"[591].

Matfred & his wife had three children:

1. RAYMOND [I] (-1019). The testament of "Matfredus comes et uxor sua Adalaiz", dated 20 Aug 966, bequeathed property to "Ermengaudo filio nostro et fratri suo Raymundo…Trudgardæ filiæ nostræ"[592]. Vicomte de Narbonne. "Domina Garcendis comitissa quæ fui uxor domni Pontii comitis" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières, for the soul of "dicti mariti mei Pontii comitis", by charter dated Jul [972], which reserves property which "Adalaydis et filius eius Ermengaudus et Raymundus" held in "castrum de Cenceno" for their lives[593]. The testament of "Gersindæ comitissæ", dated to [972], bequeathed property for life "alodem meum…Cencinnonem" to "Adalais vicecomitissæ et filiis eius Ermengaudo et Regimundo"[594]. The testament of "Adelais", dated 4 Oct 978, named "Ermengaudus archipresul et Raymundus et Vassadellus…" as her executors, made the following bequests: "villa Columbaria cum…ecclesia Sancti Petri" to "Raymundo filio meo"[595]. A second testament of "Adalaidis vicecomitissa", dated 29 Mar 990, appointed "Ermengaudo archiepiscopo filio meo et Raymundo vicecomiti fratri eius…" as her executors, and bequeathed property to "Raymundum vicecomitem filium meum"[596]. The Chronicle of Narbonne Saint-Paul names "Raymundus vicecomes" in 1007[597]. m RICHARDE, daughter of --- (-after 7 Jun 1032). A second testament of "Adalaidis vicecomitissa", dated 29 Mar 990, bequeathed property to "nurum meam Ricardem" and after her death to "Ermengaudum nepotem meum, filium suum"[598]. "Ermengaudus archipraesul" names "Ricardis vicecomitissa…Raymundo vicecomite et Berengario filio ejus...Willelmo nepoti meo…Berengario nepoti meo" in his testament dated 22 Mar 1023[599]. Stasser suggests[600] that she was Richarde de Millau, daughter of Bérenger Vicomte de Millau et de Rouergue & his wife ---, to explain transmission of the name Bérenger into this family. The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], named "Bernardus comes, Ricardis vicecomitissa…" as his executors and bequeathed property to "Raymundo vicecomiti et Berengario filio eius…Willelmo nepoti meo…Raymundo comiti Barchinonæ…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…Irmissindam et…Witardo et Gaucelino filio eius…"[601]. "Berengarius vicecomes" donated property to the canons of Saint-Just and Saint-Pastor, for the souls of "patris mei Raimundi et avunculi mei Ermengaudi archiepiscopi", by charter dated 7 Jun 1032, signed by "Ricardis vicecomitissæ matris eius, Garsindis uxoris eiusdem, Raimundi filii eorum…"[602]. Raymond [I] & his wife had four children:

a) ERMENGAUD (-after 29 Mar 990). A second testament of "Adalaidis vicecomitissa", dated 29 Mar 990, bequeathed property to "nurum meam Ricardem" and after her death to "Ermengaudum nepotem meum, filium suum"[603].

b) BERENGER (-after 5 Feb 1067). The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], named "Bernardus comes, Ricardis vicecomitissa…" as his executors and bequeathed property to "Raymundo vicecomiti et Berengario filio eius…Willelmo nepoti meo…Raymundo comiti Barchinonæ…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…Irmissindam et…Witardo et Gaucelino filio eius…"[604]. Vicomte de Narbonne.

- see below.

c) GUILLAUME (-after 22 Mar 1023). The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], named "Bernardus comes, Ricardis vicecomitissa…" as his executors and bequeathed property to "Raymundo vicecomiti et Berengario filio eius…Willelmo nepoti meo…Raymundo comiti Barchinonæ…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…Irmissindam et…Witardo et Gaucelino filio eius…"[605].

d) BERNARD (-after 23 Jan 1051). "Hugo Ruthenensium comes et mater mea Ricardis comitissa" donated property to Conques, for the soul of "Raymundi comitis", by charter dated 23 Jan 1051, signed by "Ricardis commitissæ…Rodberti comitis, Fidei comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Berengarii vicecomitis, Bernardi archidiaconi et fratrum eius"[606]. Archdeacon.

2. ERMENGAUD (-1019). The testament of "Matfredus comes et uxor sua Adalaiz", dated 20 Aug 966, bequeathed property to "Ermengaudo filio nostro et fratri suo Raymundo…Trudgardæ filiæ nostræ"[607]. "Domina Garcendis comitissa quæ fui uxor domni Pontii comitis" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières, for the soul of "dicti mariti mei Pontii comitis", by charter dated Jul [972], which reserves property which "Adalaydis et filius eius Ermengaudus et Raymundus" held in "castrum de Cenceno" for their lives[608]. The testament of "Gersindæ comitissæ", dated to [972], bequeathed property for life "alodem meum…Cencinnonem" to "Adalais vicecomitissæ et filiis eius Ermengaudo et Regimundo"[609]. Archbishop of Narbonne. The testament of "Adelais", dated 4 Oct 978, named "Ermengaudus archipresul et Raymundus et Vassadellus…" as her executors, made the following bequests: "alodum…inter Biaurum et Syronem" to "Ermengaudo filio meo"[610]. A second testament of "Adalaidis vicecomitissa", dated 29 Mar 990, appointed "Ermengaudo archiepiscopo filio meo et Raymundo vicecomiti fratri eius…" as her executors[611]. The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], named "Bernardus comes, Ricardis vicecomitissa…" as his executors and bequeathed property to "Raymundo vicecomiti et Berengario filio eius…Willelmo nepoti meo…Raymundo comiti Barchinonæ…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…Irmissindam et…Witardo et Gaucelino filio eius…"[612].

3. TRUDGARDE ([966]-978). The testament of "Matfredus comes et uxor sua Adalaiz", dated 20 Aug 966, bequeathed property to "Ermengaudo filio nostro et fratri suo Raymundo…Trudgardæ filiæ nostræ"[613]. The testament of "Adelais", dated 4 Oct 978, requested "filia mea" to become abbess at Narbonne[614]. [Abbess in Narbonne].

BERENGER de Narbonne, son of RAYMOND [I] Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Richarde --- (-after 5 Feb 1067). The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], named "Bernardus comes, Ricardis vicecomitissa…" as his executors and bequeathed property to "Raymundo vicecomiti et Berengario filio eius…Willelmo nepoti meo…Raymundo comiti Barchinonæ…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…Irmissindam et…Witardo et Gaucelino filio eius…"[615]. Vicomte de Narbonne. A charter dated to [1020] records homage sworn to "Berengarium vicecomitem filius qui fuit Richardis vicecomitissæ neque uxorem eius Garsindem filia quæ fuit Totæ comitissæ"[616]. A charter dated 22 Mar 1023 records a hearing at Narbonne before "Berengarius vicecomes et Richardus…vicecomes"[617]. "Berengarius vicecomes" donated property to the canons of Saint-Just and Saint-Pastor, for the souls of "patris mei Raimundi et avunculi mei Ermengaudi archiepiscopi", by charter dated 7 Jun 1032, signed by "Ricardis vicecomitissæ matris eius, Garsindis uxoris eiusdem, Raimundi filii eorum…"[618]. "Berengarius…vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindes filiique nostri Raymundus, Petrus […clericus] et Bernardus" donated property to the cathedral of Narbonne, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 23 Apr 1048