This document sets out the families of the English earldoms which were created during the period between the Norman conquest and 1122, in approximate chronological order of their first creation. Two companion documents show the families of earls whose earldoms were created between 1138 and 1143, and between 1207 and 1297.

William I King of England granted extensive estates to Norman barons as a reward for their part in the conquest of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom. The complexity of this task implies the rapid implementation of a sophisticated bureaucracy. The resulting network of local feudal lordships not only enabled the king to assert rapid control over every part of the country but also created a network of local power bases for these influential immigrants. The grants were personal from the king and were therefore also revocable at the king's will. There are numerous examples of changes in local control which followed forfeiture imposed as punishment for various transgressions.

In many cases, the same individual lord was granted numerous different lordships. An extreme example is provided by King William's grants of more than 500 different manors to his half-brother Odo Bishop of Bayeux. The process therefore also enabled the grantees to reward their own retainers with sub-grants of land, which led to a second wave of Norman immigrants who had not taken part in the conquest but who were subsequently rewarded for their loyalty during the absence of their masters at war in England.

The grants to the same individual frequently included property in many different parts of the country. There were exceptional cases: for example, most of the grants to Bishop Odo were in Kent. Over time, the territorial allocation became ever more disjointed as holdings were transferred between families either by sale, inheritance or marriage portion. It is not known whether the piecemeal attribution of land was a conscious policy on the part of the monarch to reduce the risk of local power-bases emerging which could challenge his central royal authority. Whether or not the intention, it was certainly the result as the English earls were never able to concentrate their power in centralised counties in the same way as, for example, their French or German counterparts.

Another result of the decentralised nature of land grants was the slow emergence of territorial epithets attached to titles. The more powerful grantees of land held the title earl [comes]. No documents have survived which indicate that the title was attributed by specific royal grant. Although they acquired considerable power in the counties in which their main estates lay, during the immediate post-conquest period contemporary records rarely show titles such as "Earl of [county]", the territorial qualification being gradually applied over time. As late as 1161, Hawise, widow of William de Roumare Earl of Lincoln, described herself as "Hadewysia comitissa de Rumara"[1], and her son William Earl of Lincoln styled himself "Earl William de Romara" during the reign of Richard I[2]. One contrasting example of an early territorial epithet is provided by Roger de Montgommery Earl of Shrewsbury who, as "Rogerus comes Salosberiensis", witnessed a charter of King William I granting the barony of Plessis to the church of Bayeux dated 24 Dec 1074[3], although it is possible that the earldom of Shrewsbury was a special case because of the particular need for territorial control to protect against raids from the neighbouring Welsh. The earldom of Lincoln even provides an example of a double creation, as King Stephen created William de Roumare Earl of Lincoln in [1141], but also created Gilbert de Gand Earl of Lincoln in [1147/48]. The inevitable conclusion is that the territorial epithet was not considered exclusive at the time. Reference to these early earls as "Earl in [county]" rather than "Earl of [county]" may therefore more accurately reflect contemporary reality. This is not unlike the situation in Germany, where titles were rarely linked to a particular territory before the early 12th century.

By the 1140s there are signs that titles were becoming more closely linked to the counties. Under a charter dated [1142], Empress Matilda conceded that Aubrey de Vere should be "Earl of Cambridgeshire…unless that county were held by the King of the Scots, [or in the latter case] one of Earl of Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Wiltshire or Dorsetshire"[4]. This example also demonstrates that availability played a large part in the attribution of a county to a new title. Aubrey de Vere held land in Essex (where 14 estates had been granted to his grandfather by King William I[5]), Suffolk (9 estates) and Cambridgeshire (7 estates), but only the last named county was available for an earldom in the early 1140s. King Stephen had already granted the earldom of Essex to Geoffrey de Mandeville by charter at Westminster in [Jun/Dec] 1140, confirmed by another grant by Empress Matilda in [Jun] 1141 after Geoffroy abandoned the king following the battle of Lincoln in Feb 1141[6]. Suffolk may also have been unavailable as it was already closely associated with the earldom of Norfolk, conceded by King Stephen to Hugh Bigod in [Dec 1140/Jan 1141]. As it turned out, Aubrey became Earl of Oxford, not one of the counties where he held significant amounts of land.

Few earldoms were created during the post-conquest period. However, the earls represented only a small proportion of the English nobility. The vast majority of English nobles were the numerous local feudal lords who held no formal title but whose nobility was not in doubt. This had two results. Firstly, it meant that the pool of noble marriage partners available for the earls and their immediate families was considerably extended outside their own limited family groups. The resulting exogamous pattern of marriages was reflected in the marriage policies of the English royal family which, in addition to European dynastic marriages, did not hesitate to marry into English families of the lesser nobility. Secondly, it provided opportunity for advancement to many other families besides those of the principle earls. Even if they never made the transition to earldom, many such families enjoyed great influence, as shown by frequent marriages with the first-tier nobility. A notable example is provided by the Tosny family (see NORMAN NOBILITY).

The first post-conquest earldoms were Chester, Hereford, Huntingdon (with Northampton), Kent, Norfolk and Shrewsbury (Shropshire). King William II created the earldoms of Surrey and Warwick, and maybe Buckingham, although the supposed titleholder of the last named is more frequently described in contemporary sources as "Walterus comes .. cognomina Giffardus"[7]. King Henry I created the earldoms of Leicester and Gloucester, the latter for his illegitimate son Robert.

Chapter 1. CHESTER

William I King of England granted the city of Chester and large areas surrounding it to Gerbod, avoué of the abbey of St Bertin in Flanders, in early 1070. According to Orderic Vitalis, Gerbod was "continually molested by the English and Welsh alike"[8]. He returned to Flanders where he fought and was captured at the battle of Cassel 22 Feb 1071[9]. The king must have considered this grant thereby forfeited or otherwise ineffective, as he granted the city and county of Chester to Hugues d'Avranches in 1071. Cheshire is described as a "County Palatine" but it is unclear what practical difference this made to its constitution or administration. On the death of Ranulf "de Blundeville" Earl of Chester in 1232, King Henry III appointed John "le Scot", son of David of Scotland Earl of Huntingdon, as Earl of Chester. After his death in 1237, the earldom remained vacant until King Henry created his son Edward (later King Edward I) Earl of Chester in 1254. The earldom was held briefly by Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicester in 1265, but after his death at the battle of Evesham 4 Aug 1265 King Henry III annexed the earldom of Chester to the crown. Since then, the title Earl of Chester has been one of the titles granted to the eldest son of the monarch until the present time.

A. EARL of CHESTER 1070-1071

Brother and sister, parents not known. As noted below, one charter suggests that Gundred´s mother was Mathilde de Flandre, wife of William I King of England, by an earlier husband who is not otherwise recorded, but this information is dubious as discussed further below:

1. GERBOD (-after 22 Feb 1071). William I King of England granted the city of Chester and large areas surrounding it to Gerbod, avoué of the abbey of St Bertin in Flanders, in early 1070, whereby he is considered to have been created Earl [of Chester]. According to Orderic Vitalis, Gerbod was "continually molested by the English and Welsh alike"[10]. He returned to Flanders where he fought and was captured at the battle of Cassel 22 Feb 1071[11].

2. GUNDRED (-Castle Acre, Norfolk 27 May 1085, bur Lewes Priory). Her marriage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis who also specifies that she was Gerbod´s sister[12]. "Willelmus de Warenna…Surreie comes [et] Gundrada uxor mea" founded Lewes Priory as a cell of Cluny by charter dated 1080[13]. This charter also names "domine mee Matildis regine, matris uxoris mee", specifying that the Queen gave "mansionem quoque Carlentonam nomine" to Gundred. It is presumably on this basis that some secondary works claim, it appears incorrectly, that Gundred was the daughter of William I King of England. Weir asserts that the charter in question "has been proved spurious"[14], although it is not certain what other elements in the text indicate that this is likely to be the case. Assuming the charter is genuine, it is presumably possible that "matris" was intended in the context to indicate a quasi-maternal relationship, such as foster-mother or godmother. The same relationship is referred to in the charter dated to [1080/86] under which William I King of England donated property in Norfolk to Lewes priory, for the souls of “…Gulielmi de Warenna et uxoris suæ Gundfredæ filiæ meæ”[15]. Gundred died in childbirth. m (1070) as his first wife, WILLIAM de Warenne, son of RODULF [Raoul] de Warenne & his first wife Beatrix --- (-Lewes 24 Jun 1088, bur Lewes Priory). He was created Earl of Surrey in [late Apr] 1088[16], although he and his immediate successors usually styled themselves "Earl de Warenne".

B. EARLS of CHESTER 1071-1120 (AVRANCHES)

HUGUES d'Avranches "Lupus", son of RICHARD "le Goz" Vicomte d'Avranches & his wife Emma [de Conteville] ([1047]-St Werburg's Abbey, Chester 27 Jul 1101[17]). He is named as son of Richard "le Goz" by Orderic Vitalis[18]. A manuscript relating to St Werburgh´s Chester records that “Hugo Lupus filius ducis Britanniæ et nepos Gulielmi magni ex sorore” transformed the foundation into a monastery[19]. This suggests that the mother of Hugues may have been a uterine sister of King William, and therefore daughter of Herluin de Conteville. However, no indication has been in other primary sources which supports the contention that Hugues was the son of a duke of Brittany. It is assumed therefore that both lines of his parentage have been romanticised in this document to improve his status and reputation. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Hugo vicecomitis Abrincatensis postea…comes Cestrensis" founded "abbatiam Sancti Severi in Constantinensi episcopatu"[20]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Hugone postea comite de Cestria" contributed 60 ships towards the invasion of England in 1066[21]. Orderic Vitalis records that William I King of England granted Hugues the whole of the county palatine of Chester[22] in 1071, whereby he is considered to have become Earl [of Chester] (as shown below, some primary sources do indicate the territorial attribution although it is unclear whether any of these documents were strictly contemporary). He succeeded his father in [1082] as Vicomte d'Avranches. An undated charter records the grant of pasturage rights "ad castrum Claromontis, Credulii, Gornaci, Lusarchiarum" to Saint-Leu d´Esserant by "Hugo comes Cestrensis" and "Hugo Claromontensis et Margarita uxor eius", later confirmed by "Rainaldus comes" with the consent of "uxore eius Clementia et filiis eius Guidone et Rainaldo"[23]. Florence of Worcester records that, in 1098, he and Hugh de Montgommery Earl of Shrewsbury led troops into Anglesey where they mutilated or massacred many of the inhabitants of the island[24]. "…Hugonis comitis…" subscribed a charter dated 14 Sep 1101 under which Henry I King of England donated property to Bath St Peter[25]. He founded the abbeys of Saint-Sever in Normandy and St Werburg in Chester, becoming a monk at the latter four days before he died[26]. Orderic Vitalis states that Hugues was "a slave to gluttony, he staggered under a mountain of fat" and was "given over to carnal lusts and had a numerous progeny of sons and daughters by his concubines"[27]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1101 of "Hugo comes Crassus urbis Legionum"[28]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records the death “VI Kal Aug” of “Hugo primus comes Cestriæ”[29].

m ([1093]) ERMENTRUDE de Clermont, daughter of HUGUES de Clermont [en-Beauvaisis] dit de Mouchy & his wife Marguerite de Roucy [Montdidier]. She is named as the wife of Hugues by Orderic Vitalis, who also records her parentage[30]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to a sister of "comes Rainaldus" as husband of "comiti Hugoni de Cestre"[31].

Earl Hugh & his wife had one child:

1. RICHARD d'Avranches ([1093]-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records that “Richardus filius eius” was “puer septem annorum” when he succeeded “Hugo primus comes Cestriæ”[32]. He is named as the only son and heir of Hugues and Ermentrude by Orderic Vitalis[33]. He succeeded his father in 1101 as Earl of Chester and Vicomte d'Avranches. William of Malmesbury records that Richard drowned with his wife following the sinking of the “Blanche Nef [White Ship]”[34]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester names "…Ricardus comes Cestrensis, Otthuel frater eius…" among those drowned in the sinking of the White Ship[35]. m (1115) MATHILDE de Blois, daughter of ETIENNE II Comte de Blois & his wife Adela de Normandie (-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). Her marriage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who also states her parentage[36]. William of Malmesbury records that she drowned with her husband following the sinking of the “Blanche Nef [White Ship]”[37]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester names "…neptis regis Comitissa de Cestria" among those drowned in the sinking of the White Ship[38].

Earl Hugh had three illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

2. OTTIWELL [Otuel] (-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). He was tutor to the children of Henry I King of England. "…Otuero filio comitis…" witnessed the charter dated 1114 under which Henry I King of England granted the land of Roger de Worcester to Walter de Beauchamp[39]. His parentage is confirmed more precisely by the Continuator of Florence of Worcester who names "…Ricardus comes Cestrensis, Otthuel frater eius…" among those drowned in the sinking of the White Ship[40]. m ([1116/19], as her second husband, MARGUERITE, widow of WILLIAM de Mandeville, daughter and heiress of EUDO de Rie, dapifer, of Colchester, Essex & his wife Rohese ---. The Genealogia Fundatoris of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names “Margareta” as daughter of “Eudoni dapifero Regis Normanniæ”, adding that she married “Willielmo de Mandavill” by whom she was mother of “Gaufridi filii comitis Essexiæ et iure matris Normanniæ dapifer”[41]. According to the Complete Peerage, this genealogy is “probably erroneous” but it does not explain the basis for the doubts[42]. Her second marriage is suggested by a charter dated [1141/42], under which Empress Matilda made various grants of property including a grant to "Willelmo filio Otuel fratri…Comitis Gaufredi" (identified as Geoffrey de Mandeville Earl of Essex)[43]. The only contemporary "Otuel" so far identified is the illegitimate son of Hugh Earl of Chester. Otuel & his wife had [one] child:

a) [WILLIAM FitzOtuel ([1120]-after [1166/75]). Empress Matilda made various grants of property including a grant to "Willelmo filio Otuel fratri…Comitis Gaufredi" (identified as Geoffrey de Mandeville Earl of Essex)[44]. It is not certain that "Otuel" was the same person as the illegitimate son of Earl Hugh, although as noted above no other person of this name has yet been identified. The co-identification appears confirmed by the following two charters. "Hugo comes Cestrie" confirmed a donation of land in Thoresby donated by "Willelmus filius Othuer" to Greenfield priory, Lincolnshire, for the soul of "patris mei Randulfi", by charter dated to [1155] witnessed by "Matilla matre sua…"[45]. "Willelmus comes de Essex" confirmed a donation of land in Aby and South Thoresby donated by "Willelmus filius Otueli avunculus meus" to Greenfield priory, Lincolnshire by charter dated to [1166/75] witnessed by "Simone de Bello Campo…"[46]. "…Willelmo filio Otueri, Rannulfo de Seis, Ingeramo Bagot…" witnessed the charter dated to the reign of King Henry II under which "Matildis de Stafford" granted land in Theddlethorpe, Lincolnshire to "Matildi filie Roberti filii Gilberti filiole mee", with the consent of "Johannis filii mei et Radulfi nepotis mei"[47].]

3. ROBERT (-after 1102). He was recorded as the son of Hugh Earl of Chester by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that he was a monk at the abbey of Saint-Evroul, Normandy[48]. He was appointed Abbot of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk in 1100 by Henry I King of England, but deposed in 1102 by Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury at the Council of London[49].

4. GEVA . “Geva, filia Hugonis comitis Cestriæ, uxor Galfridi Ridelli” founded Canwell priory, with the consent of “Ranulfi comitis Cestriæ cognate mei…hæredum meorum…Gaufridi Ridelli et Radulfi Basset”, by undated charter[50]. m GEOFFREY Ridel, son of --- (-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). He was granted Drayton Basset in Staffordshire. Orderic Vitalis records that Geoffrey Riddell drowned in the sinking of the White Ship[51].

C. EARLS of CHESTER 1120-1232 (family of RANULF "le Meschin")

RANULF du Bessin "le Meschin", son of RANULF Vicomte du Bessin [Bayeux] & his wife Marguerite [Maud] d'Avranches (-17 or 27 Jan 1129, bur Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh). Orderic Vitalis names him and his mother[52]. "…Rannulfus filius Rannulfi vicecomitis…Rannulfus vicecomes" witnessed the charter dated 24 Apr 1089 under which Robert III Duke of Normandy donated property to Bayeux cathedral[53]. A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of “ecclesias de Apelby…sancti Michaelis et sancti Laurentii” by “Radulfus Meschin”[54]. He was awarded the lordship of Carlisle by Henry I King of England[55]. He succeeded his father as Vicomte du Bessin [Bayeux]. “R de Meschin, Richerio vicecomiti Karleoli” donated property to Wetherall priory, Cumberland, for the soul of “…Richard fratris mei…et uxoris meæ Luciæ…”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Osberto vicecomite, Walteof filio Cospatricii comitis, Forno Sigulfi filio, Chetello Ectredi filio…”[56]. “Ranulfus Meschines” donated property to Wetherall priory, Cumberland, by undated charter, witnessed by “uxore mea Lucia, Willielmo fratre meo…”[57]. He was appointed Vicomte d'Avranches in 1120 after the death of his first cousin Richard d'Avranches, and also obtained the grant of the county palatine of Chester thereby becoming Earl of Chester (upon which he surrendered the lordship of Carlisle). He was commander of the royal forces in Normandy in 1124[58]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records the death “VI Kal Feb” of “Ranulfus de Meschines” and his burial at St Werburgh´s, Chester[59].

m ([1098]) as her third husband, LUCY, widow firstly of IVO Taillebois Lord of Kendal and secondly of ROGER FitzGerold, daughter of --- & his wife [--- Malet] (-1138[60]). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records that William I King of England arranged the marriage of "Ivo Taillebois" and "Lucia sister of Edwin and Morcar", her dowry consisting of their land at Hoyland[61], but this parentage appears impossible from a chronological point of view. Peter of Blois's Continuation of the Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the death of Ivo and his burial at the priory of Spalding, and the remarriage of his widow "hardly had one month elapsed after his death" with "Roger de Romar the son Gerald de Romar"[62]. A manuscript recording the foundation of Spalding monastery records that “Yvo Talboys” married "Thoroldo…hærede Lucia" who, after the death of Ivo, married (in turn) "Rogerum filium Geroldi" and "comitem Cestriæ Ranulphum"[63]. She is named as wife of Ranulf by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her first husband, but does not state her origin[64]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Lucia comitissa Cestr…tra patis sui" in Lincolnshire[65]. According to a charter of Henri Duke of Normandy (later Henry II King of England) issued in favour of her son Ranulf Earl of Chester dated 1153, Ctss Lucy was the niece of Robert Malet of Eye and of Alan of Lincoln, as well as kinswoman of Thorold "the Sheriff"[66].

Earl Ranulf & his wife had four children:

1. RANULF "de Gernon" (Château de Gernon, Normandy before 1100-[murdered] 16 Dec 1153, bur Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[67]. He succeeded his father in [1129] as Earl of Chester, Vicomte d'Avranches.

- see below.

2. WILLIAM FitzRanulf Meschin (-[1130/35][68]). “Willielmus filius Randulfi” donated property to the priory of St Bee, Cumberland by undated charter[69]. He was given the barony of Egremont, Cumberland by King Henry I[70]. A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of land “in Chirkbibeceoch…et ecclesiam S. Begæ” by “Willielmus Meschin” and "villam de Ananderdale et…terræ in Egermond" by "Radulphus filius eius"[71]. Lord of Skipton-in-Craven, de iure uxoris. “Willielmus filius Ranulphi” confirmed the foundation of St Bee´s priory, Cumberland by undated charter, dated to [1105/20], which refers to donations by himself and “uxoris meæ Ceciliæ…concessione Ranulphi filii mei”[72]. “Willielmus de Meschines et Cecilia uxor mea” founded Bolton Priory by undated charter[73]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records "Ricardus de Lucy" holding "Coupland" in Cumberland, adding that King Henry I had first granted it to "Willelmo Messchin antecessori predicti Ricardi"[74]. m as her first husband, CECILY de Rumilly, daughter and heiress of ROBERT de Rumilly [Romilly] of Skipton & his wife ---. “Willielmus de Meschines et Cecilia uxor mea” founded Bolton Priory by undated charter[75]. “Cecilia de Romeli” donated property to Bolton Priory by undated charter which names “gener meus Willielmus nepos regis Scotiæ Duncani”[76]. “Willielmus filius Ranulphi” confirmed the foundation of St Bee´s priory, Cumberland by undated charter, dated to [1105/20], which refers to donations by himself and “uxoris meæ Ceciliæ…concessione Ranulphi filii mei”[77]. She married secondly[78], as his second wife, Henry de Tracy of Barnstaple. William & his wife had five children:

a) RANULF de Rumilly (-[1135/40]). “Willielmus filius Ranulphi” confirmed the foundation of St Bee´s priory, Cumberland by undated charter, dated to [1105/20], which refers to donations by himself and “uxoris meæ Ceciliæ…concessione Ranulphi filii mei”[79]. “Ranulphus Meschinus, filius Willielmi, filii Ranulphi” confirmed donations of property to the priory of St Bee, Cumberland, on the advice of “Fulconis avunculi mei…”, by undated charter[80]. He succeeded his father, but on his death soon after was succeeded by his sisters as co-heiresses[81]. A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of land “in Chirkbibeceoch…et ecclesiam S. Begæ” by “Willielmus Meschin” and "villam de Ananderdale et…terræ in Egermond" by "Radulphus filius eius"[82].

b) MATTHEW de Rumilly (-[after 1141/42]). Empress Matilda made various grants of property by charter dated to [1141/42] including a grant to "Matheus de Rumilli" of "terram patris sui quam Gaufridus de Turevill tenet"[83]. The primary source which confirms his parentage more precisely has not yet been identified.

c) ALICE de Rumilly . A manuscript genealogy of William de Forz Comte d´Aumâle names “Aliciam de Rumeleya” as daughter of “Willielmus de Mechines primus hæres de Sciptun in Craven”, adding that she married “Willielmo filio Duncan” and was buried “apud Fontes”[84]. A different version of her parentage is provided by the Cronicon Cumbriæ which records that “Willielmus”, son of “Doncani comes de Murrayse”, married “Aliciam filiam Roberti de Romeney, domini de Skipton in Craven” and his wife “filiam Willielmi de Meschinis domini de Coupland”[85]. Lady of Skipton. “Willielmus filius Dunecani nepos regis Scotiæ…et Aeliz de Rumeili uxor mea” confirmed donations of property to Bolton Priory by undated charter[86]. “Aaliz de Rumelli” donated property to Pontefract Priory, with the consent of “Willielmi filii mei”, for the soul of “domini mei Willielmi filii Dunecani”, by undated charter[87]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. m firstly (1138) as his second wife, WILLIAM FitzDuncan, son of DUNCAN II King of Scotland & his wife Ethelreda of Northumberland ([1091/94]-[1153/54]). m secondly ALEXANDER FitzGerold, son of ---.

d) MATILDA de Rumilly (-after 1189[88]). “Philippus de Belmeis” founded Lilleshall Abbey, Shropshire by undated charter, witnessed by “Philippus filius Philippi de Belmis…domina Matilda filia Willielmi Meschin uxor prædicti Philippi de Belmis…”[89]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. m firstly PHILIP de Belmeis of Tong, Shropshire, son of [90]WALTER de Belmeis & his wife --- (-1154 or before). m secondly HUGH de Mortimer, son of HUGH de Mortimer & his wife --- (-[Nov 1180/Nov 1181]).

e) AVICE de Rumilly (-[1179][91]). “Amicia filia Cecilie de Rumilli” confirmed donations to the canons of St Mary, for the soul of “Willelmi de Curci filii mei”, by charter dated to [1138/50], witnessed by “Willelmo de Curci filio meo…”[92]. An undated manuscript relating to Croxton Abbey, Leicestershire records that “Avicia de Romely domina de Bescaudeby” married ”Willielmum Paynel”, and had “filium Willielmum de Curci et filiam Aliciam”[93]. “Avicia de Romelli” notified her donation to the canons of Drax, for the soul of “Willelmi Paganelli mariti mei”, with the consent of “domini Roberti de Gant et Adelicie filie mee uxoris eiusdem Roberti”, by charter dated to [1147/52], witnessed by “Robertus de Gant et Adelicia Paganella uxor eius et Adelicia soror Roberti de Gant…”[94]. The primary source which confirms her third marriage has not yet been identified. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Avicia mater Willelmi de Curcy" held two knights´ fees from "Roberti de Gant" in Yorkshire[95]. m firstly ([1125]) WILLIAM de Courcy, son of WILLIAM de Courcy [Curcy] & his wife Emma de Falaise (-before 1130). m secondly as his second wife, WILLIAM Paynel of Drax, son of RALPH Paynell & his [first wife ---] (-[1147]). [96]m thirdly (before 1153) WALTER de Percy, son of ALAN de Percy & his wife Emma de Gand .

3. AGNES ([1098/1105][97]-bur Saint-Evroul[98]). "Agnes" is named as first wife of Robert de Grantmesnil by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father[99]. m as his first wife, ROBERT de Grantmesnil, son of HUGUES de Grantmesnil & his wife Adelisa [Aelis] de Beaumont-sur-Oise (-1 Jun [1136], bur Saint-Evroul).

4. ALICE (-after 1139). Guillaume de Jumièges records that Richard married "la sœur de Ranulfe le jeune comte de Chester"[100]. The History of Gloucester St Peter records the confirmation by "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" of the donation of "molendinum de Taddewelle" by "Alicia soror eius" for the soul of "Ricardi filii Gilberti viri sui" (undated)[101]. “Rics filius Gilebi” donated lands in Hawkedon, Suffolk to the abbey of St Edmunds, with the consent of “Rogs…filius me…et coiux mea Xpiana”, by undated charter[102]. This charter is attributed to Richard FitzGilbert in Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica and dated to 1154, which must be incorrect in view of Richard´s recorded death in 1136. The reference to his wife´s name as Christiana cannot be explained. It does not appear that Richard married twice, assuming that the sources quoted here are accurate. The extract from the History of Gloucester St Peter suggests that his wife “Alice of Chester” survived her husband, while the St Edmunds charter shows that “Christiana” was alive after Richard´s son Roger was old enough to consent to the donation. She was rescued from the Welsh by Miles of Gloucester[103]. A charter of Henry Duke of Normandy dated [1153/early Apr 1154] relates to donations to Gloucester by "Ranulphi comitis Cestrie…[et] Alis sororis eiusdem comitis" for the soul of "Ricardi filii Gilberti viri sui""[104]. It is not clear from the document how long before the date of the charter these donations were made. m [firstly] RICHARD FitzGilbert de Clare, son of GILBERT FitzRichard Lord of Clare & his wife Adelais de Roucy (-killed in battle near Abergavenny 15 Apr 1136, bur Gloucester). [[105]Maybe m secondly ROGER de Condé [Cundet], son of --- (-10 Oct [1139/45]).]

Earl Ranulf had [one possibly illegitimate daughter] by an unknown mistress:

5. [daughter .] m --- Bacon du Molay. One child:

a) RICHARD Bacon (-[after 1142/43]). “Ric. Bacun” founded Rocester Priory, for the soul of “Ranulphi comitis Cestriæ avunculi mei”, by undated charter witnessed by “Hugone Eac…”[106].

RANULF "de Gernon", son of RANULF Vicomte du Bessin "le Meschin" & his wife Lucy --- (Château de Gernon, Normandy before 1100-[murdered] 16 Dec 1153, bur Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[107]. He succeeded his father in [1129] as Earl of Chester, Vicomte d'Avranches. Stephen King of England appointed him Constable of Lincoln. Earl Ranulf fought against King Stephen at Lincoln in 1141 and was seized by the king at court in Northampton 29 Aug 1146. King Stephen nevertheless granted him the castle and city of Lincoln, probably after 1151. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1153 of "Ranulfus comes Cestriæ"[108]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1154 of "Radulphus comes Urbis Legionum"[109]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records the death “XVI Kal Jan” of “Ranulfus de Gernons” and his burial at St Werburgh´s, Chester[110]. It was alleged that he was poisoned by his wife and by William Peverell of Nottingham[111]. Ralph de Diceto records that "Willelmus Peverel de Notingeham" was disinherited in 1155 for poisoning "Ranulfo comiti Cestriæ"[112].

m ([1141]) MAUD of Gloucester, daughter of ROBERT FitzRoy Earl of Gloucester & his wife Mabel [Maud or Sibylle] FitzRobert (-29 Jul 1190). Robert of Torigny refers to the wife of "Ranulfus comes Cestriæ" as "filia Roberti comitis Gloecestriæ"[113]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “Wadinton de feodo comitis Cestrie” held by “Matillis comitissa Cestrie…filia Roberti comitis Gloecestrie, filii regis Henrici primi”[114]. It was alleged that she and William Peverell of Nottingham poisoned her husband[115]. "Hugo comes Cestrie" confirmed a donation of land in Thoresby donated by "Willelmus filius Othuer" to Greenfield priory, Lincolnshire, for the soul of "patris mei Randulfi", by charter dated to [1155] witnessed by "Matilla matre sua…"[116]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “IV Kal Aug” in 1190 of “Matildis comitissa Cestria”[117].

Earl Ranulf & his wife had three children:

1. HUGH "of Kevelioc" (Kevelioc, co. Monmouth 1147-Leek, Staffordshire 30 Jun 1181, bur Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh). Robert of Torigny names "Hugonem filium suum" as successor of "Ranulfus comes Cestriæ"[118]. He succeeded his father in 1153 as Earl of Chester, Vicomte d'Avranches, as a minor coming of age in 1158. "Hugo comes Cestrie" confirmed a donation of land in Thoresby donated by "Willelmus filius Othuer" to Greenfield priory, Lincolnshire, for the soul of "patris mei Randulfi", by charter dated to [1155] witnessed by "Matilla matre sua…"[119]. He joined the rebellion of Henry "the Young King" against Henry II King of England and was taken prisoner at Alnwick 13 Jul 1174. He was deprived of the earldom but restored in Jan 1177[120]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records the death “II Kal Jul” of “Hugo”, son of “Ranulfus de Gernons”, and his burial at St Werburgh´s, Chester[121]. m (1169) BERTRADE de Montfort, daughter of SIMON de Montfort Comte d'Evreux & his wife Mahaut --- ([1155]-1227). Robert of Torigny records the marriage arranged by Henry II King of England in 1170 of "Hugoni comiti Cestriæ cognate suo" and "filiam comitis Ebroicensis cognatam suam ex parte patris sui"[122]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “Beltesford et Hemmingebi et Dunintone” held by “Bertia comitissa, filia comitis de Evereros, uxor Hugonis comitis Cestrie”[123]. The Annals of Burton record the death in 1227 of “Bertrudis comitissa Cestriæ”[124]. Earl Hugh & his wife had five children:

a) MATILDA [Maud] (1171-6 Jan 1233). The Annales Londonienses record that "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" had four sisters, of whom "primogenita…Matilda" married "comiti David"[125]. Benedict of Peterborough records the marriage in 1190 of "David frater Willelmi regis Scotiæ" and "sororem Ranulfi comitem Cestriæ"[126]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "comes Cestrie" gave land "in Forthington et in Ulesbi" in Lincolnshire to "comiti Davidi in maritagium cum sorore ipsius comitis"[127]. m (26 Aug 1190[128]) DAVID of Scotland Earl of Huntingdon, son of HENRY of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland & his wife Ada de Warenne ([1144]-Yardley, Northants 17 Jun 1219, bur Sawtrey Abbey, Hunts).

b) RANULF "de Blundeville"[129] (Oswestry, Powys [1172]-Wallingford 28 Oct 1232, bur 3 Nov 1232 Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh). A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records that “Ranulfus filius eius” succeeded on the death of “Hugo”, son of “Ranulfus de Gernons”[130]. He succeeded his father in 1181 as Earl of Chester, Vicomte d'Avranches. Earl of Richmond, Duke of Brittany from 1189, de iure uxoris, until his divorce in 1199. He supported John King of England against the rebellious barons in 1215. He was created Earl of Lincoln 23 May 1217-1231. He left on crusade in May 1218 and fought at the siege of Damietta in 1219. He resigned the earldom of Lincoln [Apr 1231/1232] in favour of his sister Hawise[131]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records the death “VII Kal Nov” of “Ranulfus” and his burial at St Werburgh´s, Chester[132]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Ranulfus comes Cestriæ” died in 1232[133]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “VII Kal Nov apud Walingeford” in 1232 of “Randulfus comes Cestriæ” and his burial “apud Cestriam”[134]. m firstly (3 Feb 1188, divorced 1199) as her second husband, CONSTANCE Dss of Brittany, widow of GEOFFREY of England Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, daughter of CONAN IV Duke of Brittany & his wife Margaret of Scotland ([1161]-[Nantes] 3/4 Sep 1201, bur Villeneuve-les-Nantes, Abbaye de Notre-Dame). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Constantiam comitis Conani filia" as wife of "Gaufridus dux Britannie comes Richemontis filius Henrici regis Anglie natu tertius", specifying that she married [thirdly] "Guido frater vicecomitem de Tuart"[135]. She is named by Matthew of Paris, who also gives her parentage, when he records her betrothal[136]. The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ records that "Constantia filia Conani" married secondly "Ranulphus Comes Cestriæ", stating that he divorced her because of her adultery and that the marriage was childless[137]. Living apart from her second husband, he captured her at Pontorson in 1196 and imprisoned her at his castle at Beuvron. She was liberated in Summer 1198, and repudiated her marriage. She married thirdly (Oct 1199) as his first wife, Guy de Thouars. The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ records that "Constantia filia Conani" married thirdly "Guidoni de Thoarcio"[138]. The Annals of Burton record the death in 1201 of “Constantia mater Arthuri comitis Britanniæ”[139]. m secondly (before 7 Oct 1200) as her second husband, CLEMENCE de Fougères, widow of ALAIN de Vitré Seigneur de Dinan, daughter of GUILLAUME de Fougères & his wife Agatha du Hommet (-1252 after 25 Dec). The primary source which confirms her parentage and first marriage has not yet been identified. The Annals of Burton record the death “post Natale Domini” in 1252 of “Clementia comitissa de Rependun relicta…Ranulfi quondam comitis Cestriæ”[140]. Earl Ranulf & his [second] wife had one child:

i) [MARGUERITE (-[1220] or before). Marguerite is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[141] as the daughter of Ranulf Earl of Chester and his first wife Constance Dss of Brittany, although the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. Assuming that Marguerite was the daughter of Earl Ranulf, it is more probable that she was his daughter by his second wife as no record has been found of her claiming the succession to Brittany, despite what would have been her superior claim to her younger half-sister Alix. In addition, the Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ records the second marriage of "Constantia filia Conani" and "Ranulphus Comes Cestriæ" was childless[142]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m as his first wife, GEOFFROY [I] Vicomte de Rohan, son of ALAIN [IV] Vicomte de Rohan & his wife Mabile de Fougères (-15 Sep 1221).]

c) RICHARD (-before 1181). He is named in Domesday Descendants as the son of Earl Ranulf[143].

d) MABEL (-after 1232). The Annales Londonienses record that "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" had four sisters, of whom "secunda…Mabillia" married "comiti Arundelle"[144]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "comes Cestrie" gave land "in Calswah" in Lincolnshire to "comiti de Arundell in maritagium cum sorore sua"[145]. m WILLIAM d'Aubigny Earl of Sussex and Arundel, son of WILLIAM d'Aubigny Earl of Arundel and Sussex & his wife Maud de Saint-Hilaire (-Cainell, near Rome before 30 Mar 1221, bur Wymondham Priory).

e) AGNES [Alice] (-2 Nov 1247). The Annales Londonienses record that "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" had four sisters, of whom "tertia…Agnes" married "comiti de Ferrariis, id est Derby, Willelmo seniori"[146]. Lady of Chartley, Staffordshire, and Bugbrooke, Northamptonshire, following her brother's death in 1232[147]. The Annals of Burton record the death “X Kal Oct” in 1247 of “Willelmus de Ferrariis…comes Derbeiæ” and “IV Non Nov” of “Agnes comitissa uxor eius”[148]. m (1192) WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby, son of WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby & his wife Sibyl de Briouse (-22 Sep 1247).

f) HAWISE ([1175/81][149]-[6 Jun 1241/3 Mar 1243]). The Annales Londonienses record that "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" had four sisters, of whom "quarta…Hawisia" married "Roberto de Quenci "[150]. Ctss of Lincoln [Apr 1231/1232] on the resignation of her brother of this Earldom in her favour[151]. m (before 1208) ROBERT de Quincy, son of SAHER de Quincy, later Earl of Winchester & his wife Margaret of Leicester ([1187/90][152]-London 1217).

Earl Hugh had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

g) AMICIA . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m RALPH de Mesnilwarin [Mainwaring], Justice of Chester, son of ---.

2. RICHARD (-[1170/75], bur Coventry[153]).

3. BEATRIX . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m RAOUL de Malpas, son of ---.

Earl Ranulf had one possible illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

4. [ROBERT FitzCount (-before 1166). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. m (after 1157) as her second husband, AGNES, widow of EUSTACE FitzJohn, daughter of WILLIAM FitzNeel Constable of Chester, Baron of Halton & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified.]

Chapter 2. HEREFORD

The earldom of Hereford appears to have been first created by Edward "the Confessor" King of England in favour of his nephew Raoul de Mantes. With the Norman conquest, the title was effectively revoked and the earldom was awarded to William FitzOsbern by William I King of England as a reward for his part in the conquest of England. After the rebellion in 1075 of Earl William´s son, the family forfeited the title and estates which presumably remained in the hands of the crown. King Stephen granted the town and county of Hereford to Robert de Beaumont Earl of Leicester in [1139/40] but the latter does not appear in documents as Earl of Hereford[154]. Empress Matilda granted the earldom to Miles of Gloucester in 1141. It was re-granted by Henry II King of England to Miles's son Roger in 1154, but on the latter's death in [1155] the earldom became extinct. It was granted again in 1200 by King John to Humphrey de Bohun, who was the grand-nephew and principle heir of Earl Roger Fitz-Miles.

A. EARL OF HEREFORD (MANTES), Families of SUDELEY and TRACY

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise shown below.

RAOUL de Mantes, son of DREUX Comte de Mantes & his wife Godgifu [Goda] of England (-21 Dec 1057, bur Peterborough[155]). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[156]. Florence of Worcester calls Raoul the "son of King Edward's sister"[157]. "Droco comes Ambianensium" donated property to "Sancti Petri Gismoensis" by undated charter, signed by "Droconis comitis, Eotde comitissæ, Falconis fratris comitis, Rodulfi filiii comitis, Gualterii alterius filii…"[158]. Simeon of Durham names "earl Rodulph the son of king Eadward's sister Goda" in 1051[159]. He rallied to the support of Edward "the Confessor" King of England in Sep 1051 when Godwin Earl of Wessex and his sons were threatening force against the King[160]. Earl of Hereford. He founded the Cistercian Abbey of Flaxley in Gloucestershire 30 Sep 1051[161]. He assembled an army to defend Hereford against Earl Ælfgar and Gruffydd Prince of South Wales but fled 24 Oct 1055[162].

m ---. The name of Raoul's wife is not known.

Raoul & his wife had one child:

1. HAROLD de Ewias of Ewyas Harold, Herefordshire (-after 1100). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. A manuscript which lists donations to Gloucester St Peter includes a record of the donation in 1100 by “Haraldus dominus de Ewyas” and the later confirmation by “Robertus” of "donum Haraldi patris sui"[163]. m ---. The name of Harold´s wife is not known. Harold & his wife had three children:

a) ROBERT [I] de Ewias (-after 1147[164]). A manuscript which lists donations to Gloucester St Peter includes a record of the donation in 1100 by “Haraldus dominus de Ewyas” and the later confirmation by “Robertus” of "donum Haraldi patris sui"[165]. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Robertus…filius Heraldi" was sent by the king to subdue the Welsh, dated to [1136/37][166]. m SIBYL, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Robert & his wife had [two] children:

i) ROBERT [II] de Ewias (-1198). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record the knights´ fees held from "Roberti de Weias" in Herefordshire[167]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Robertus de Ewias xix m" in Hereford in [1167/68][168]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Robertus de Ewias" paying "ix l x s, xix milites" in Herefordshire[169]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Robertus de Ewias" paying "xix l, xix milites" in Herefordshire and also paying in Hampshire[170]. m PETRONILLA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Robert & his wife had one child:

(a) SIBYLLA de Ewias (-1236). “Rogerus de Clifford” requested burial at Dore abbey, Herefordshire, with the consent of "Sibillæ uxoris meæ", next to "filium suum", by undated charter, witnessed by "Ricardo de Clifford, Willielmo de Ewyas seniore, Willielmo de Ewyas juniore, filio Sibillæ"[171]. "Domina Sibilla de Ewyas filia Roberti de Ewyas" donated her mill at Ethon to Acornbury priory, Herefordshire by undated charter, witnessed by “domino Waltero de Lacy, domino Rogero de Clifford, Willielmo de Ewias…Roberto Tregoz et fratribus suis"[172]. m firstly ROBERT de Tresgoz, son of --- (-[1213/14]). m secondly ROGER [I] Clifford of Tenbury, son of WALTER [II] de Clifford & his wife Agnes de Cundy (-[Dec 1231]).

ii) [WILLIAM de Ewias (-after [1231]). “Rogerus de Clifford” requested burial at Dore abbey, Herefordshire, with the consent of "Sibillæ uxoris meæ", next to "filium suum", by undated charter, witnessed by "Ricardo de Clifford, Willielmo de Ewyas seniore, Willielmo de Ewyas juniore, filio Sibillæ"[173]. "Domina Sibilla de Ewyas filia Roberti de Ewyas" donated her mill at Ethon to Acornbury priory, Herefordshire by undated charter, witnessed by “domino Waltero de Lacy, domino Rogero de Clifford, Willielmo de Ewias…Roberto Tregoz et fratribus suis"[174]. The precise parentage of "Willielmo de Ewyas seniore" has not been identified, but it seems reasonable to suppose that he was a close relative of Sibylla, possibly her nearest male blood relative and maybe her paternal uncle as her known cousins on her father´s side used the names Sudeley and Tracy. If this is correct, he presumably died without direct heirs as Sibylla´s adopted the name Ewias. The only difficulty with this theory is the chronology, as the charter in question can presumably be dated to shortly before the death of Roger [I] de Clifford, dated to [Dec 1231]. If that is correct, William must have been extremely old if he was Sibylla´s paternal uncle.]

b) [ROGER de Ewias (-after 1166). Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Rogerus de Wias" held one knight´s fee "de Cliva" from "Roberti de Weias" in Herefordshire[175]. Roger´s precise parentage has not been identified, but it is reasonable to suppose that he was another brother of Robert [II] de Ewias.]

c) JOHN de Sudeley (-before 1166). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Lord of Sudely Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Johs de Sulleia" accounting for his (unnamed) wife´s property in Gloucestershire[176].

- see below.

JOHN de Sudeley, son of (-before 1166). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Lord of Sudely Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Johs de Sulleia" accounting for his (unnamed) wife´s property in Gloucestershire[177].

m (before 1129[178]) GRACE de Tracy, daughter of [WILLIAM de Tracy [illegitimate son of Henry I King of England] & his wife ---]. She is shown in numerous secondary sources as the daughter of William de Tracy and wife of John de Sudeley. However, the primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

John & his wife had [three] children:

1. RALPH de Sudeley . He succeeded his father at Sudeley. m EMMA de Beauchamp, daughter of WILLIAM de Beauchamp & his wife ---. Ralph & his wife had two children:

a) OTUEL de Sudeley (-1198). The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], names "Otuel de Sudlega" paying "lx s, iii milites" in Gloucestershire[179].

b) RALPH de Sudeley (-1222).

2. WILLIAM de Tracy of Toddington, Gloucestershire (-[1172]). He adopted his mother’s name de Tracy. Lord of the barony of Bradnich, Devon[180]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Willelmus de Tracy" held one knight´s fee from the bishop of Exeter in Devon[181]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Willelmus de Tracy xvii l x s" in Devonshire in [1167/68][182]. "…Willelmo de Traci…" subscribed the charter dated 1168 under which Henry II King of England confirmed the property "in manerio de Hinton" of "Roberto de Basoges" granted to him by "comes Conanus"[183]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Willelmus de Traceio" with one knight "de baillia de Basseis" and five knights in his own service[184]. m ---. The name of William´s wife is not known. William & his wife had [three] children:

a) WILLIAM Tracy (-after 1194). The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Willelmus de Tracy" paying "xxv l x s, per Hugonem de Cort[enai]" in Devonshire[185].

b) Sir OLIVER Tracy (-after 1194). [The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Oliver de Tracy xvii l x s" in Devonshire in [1167/68][186]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Oliverus de Tracieio" with one knight "de vicecomitatu de Cerenciis" and four knights in his own service[187]. It is not clear whether these entries refer to Oliver, son of William de Tracy, or to an otherwise unrecorded younger brother of William.] "Hugo de Corterua" confirmed the donation made by "dominus Willermus de Traci avunculus meus", before the murder of the archbishop of Canterbury, to "Alano de Traci clerico" by charter dated to [1180], witnessed by "Olivero de Traci…"[188]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], names "Olyver de Tracy" among those granted delay in payment "per brevia" in Devonshire[189]. m ---. The name of Oliver´s wife is not known. Sir Oliver & his wife had one child:

i) Sir WILLIAM Tracy . m ---. The name of William´s wife is not known. Sir William & his wife had one child:

(a) Sir WILLIAM Tracy, of Toddington. m ---. The name of William´s wife is not known. Sir William & his wife had two children:

(1) HENRY Tracy, of Toddington. m ---. He was ancestor of Henry Tracy 8^th Viscount Tracy who died in 1797.

(2) MARGERY Tracy . m JOHN Archer of Umberslade.

c) [ALAN de Tracy (-after [1180]). "Hugo de Corterua" confirmed the donation made by "dominus Willermus de Traci avunculus meus" before the murder of the archbishop of Canterbury to "Alano de Traci clerico" by charter dated to [1180], witnessed by "Olivero de Traci…"[190]. It is not clear whether Alan was the son of William or his younger brother.]

3. [--- . m ---. One child:]

a) HUGUES de Courterue (-after [1180]). "Hugo de Corterua" confirmed the donation made by "dominus Willermus de Traci avunculus meus" before the murder of the archbishop of Canterbury to "Alano de Traci clerico" by charter dated to [1180], witnessed by "Olivero de Traci…"[191].

1. EVA, daughter of --- (-after 1219). The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings, dated 1219, which includes "Eva de Trascey" holding land "in Esgarestona…in hundredo de Launburn" in Berkshire and "Bovy" in Devonshire[192]. The parentage of Eva, and her relationship to the main Tracy family shown above, has not been traced. She could have been the widow of Sir Oliver Tracy.

B. EARLS of HEREFORD [1067]-1075 (Family of WILLIAM FitzOsbern)

GUILLAUME FitzOsbern, son of OSBERN de Crépon & his wife Emma d'Ivry (-killed in battle Cassel, Flanders 22 Feb 1071, bur Abbaye de Corneilles[193]). Orderic Vitalis calls him nepos of Hugues Bishop of Bayeux[194]. Seigneur de Breteuil. He founded the monasteries of Lyre in [1046] and Corneilles in [1060] "on his own estates"[195]. He is named as brother of Osbern, son of Emma, in his donation to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen dated 1038 or after, made jointly with his mother and brother[196]. "Willelmi filii Osberni" witnessed two charters dated 1035 or after and 1038 or after[197]. "…Guillelmi filii Osberni…" witnessed the charter dated 1054 under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy confirmed the donation of "terram…Sancta Columba…dedit Niellus clericus" to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel[198]. "…Guillelmus filius Osberti…Guillelmus filius Guillelmi filiii Osberti…" witnessed the charter dated to [1060] under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy granted "Brenerias" to the abbey of Bayeux[199]. "Willelmus filius Osberti…" witnessed the charter dated 29 Aug 1060 under which "milite…Richardo…fratribus Willelmo…atque Balduino" donated "Gausberti Villa" to Chartres Saint-Père[200]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Willelmo dapifero filio Osberni" contributed 60 ships towards the invasion of England in 1066[201]. The Chronique de Normandie, based on le Roman de Rou, records that William I King of England made "le Conte Rogier de Montgomery et Guillaume le filz Osber" his two "Marechaulx d´Engleterre" after the conquest of England[202]. "Willelmi filii Osberni" signed a charter of "Erchenbaldo filio Erchenbaldi vicecomitis" dated 1067 or after[203]. "Willelmus comes filius Osberni dapiferi" made a donation to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen dated 1068[204]. He fought at the battle of Hastings. William I King of England rewarded him for his part in the conquest of England with the grant of estates in the Isle of Wight and the county of Hereford, whereby he became Earl of Hereford. Florence of Worcester records that King William left "fratrumque suum Odonem Baiocensem episcopum et Willelmum filium Osberni quem in Herefordensi provincia comitum" when he went to Normandy 21 Feb [1067][205]. Florence of Worcester records that "Willelmi Herefordensis comitis" seized treasure from monasteries in England 17 Feb [1070][206]. King William I appointed him regent of Normandy in [1071][207]. The Chronicon Lyrensi records that "Willelmus filius Osberni" was killed by "Roberto Frison die Dominica Septuagesimæ" in 1072 and buried "Apud Cormelias"[208]. He was killed supporting the accession of Arnoul III Count of Flanders, whose mother he had married as his second wife, against Robert I "le Frison" Count of Flanders. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Willermus filius Osberni Normanniæ dapifer et cognatus Willermi ducis" was buried "apud Cormelias"[209]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "20 Feb" of "Willelmus Britolii comes"[210]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "20 Feb" of "Guillelmus comes institutor hujus loci"[211].

m firstly ADELISA de Tosny, daughter of ROGER de Tosny & his wife Godechildis --- (-6 Oct ----, bur Abbaye de Lire). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Adelise fille de Roger du Ternois" as wife of "Guillaume fils d'Osbern, proche parent du duc Guillaume", recording that her husband buried her in the monastery of Lire which he had built[212]. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Willermus filius Osberni Normanniæ dapifer et cognatus Willermi ducis…Aelizam uxorem suam filiam Rogeri de Toeneio" was buried in the monastery of Lire[213]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "6 Oct" of "Adeliz uxor Willelmi hujus loci fundatoris"[214]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "6 Oct" of "mater Willelmi Britolii Adeliza"[215].

m secondly (after Jul 1070) as her third husband, RICHILDE, widow firstly of HERMAN Comte de Hainaut and secondly of BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders, daughter of --- (-Messines 15 Mar 1087, bur Abbaye de Hasnon). The question of the possible parentage of Richilde is discussed fully in the document HAINAUT, dealing with her first husband's family. The Annals of Winchester record the marriage in 1070 of “comitissam Flandriæ” and “rex…nepoti suo Willelmo filio Osberni”[216]. William of Malmesbury records that Baudouin I comte de Hainaut entrusted the guardianship of his two sons to "Philip king of France…and to William Fitz-Osberne", adding that the latter "readily undertook the office that he might increase his dignity by a union with Richilda"[217]. The Complete Peerage, citing "Annales Flandriæ", states that Richilde was taken in battle where her new husband FitzOsbern was killed[218], but the precise reference has not yet been found to this primary source. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "XVII Kal Apr" of "Richildis comitisse"[219].

Earl Guillaume & his first wife had four children:

1. GUILLAUME (-Bec 12 Jan [1103], bur Monastery of Lire[220]). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Guillaume et Roger l'Obstiné" as the two sons of Guillaume FitzOsbern and Adelisa[221]. "…Guillelmus filius Osberti…Guillelmus filius Guillelmi filiii Osberti…" witnessed the charter dated to [1060] under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy granted "Brenerias" to the abbey of Bayeux[222]. "Willelmus filius eius" subscribed the donation of "Willelmus comes filius Osberni dapiferi" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen dated 1068[223]. Son of Guillaume Earl of Hereford according to Orderic Vitalis[224], who also refers to him as nepos of Guillaume Comte d'Evreux[225]. On the death of his father, William I King of England granted him the succession to the estates in Normandy, whereby he became Seigneur de Breteuil et de Pacy[226]. He was captured in an attack on Conques, during the war between Raoul de Tosny and Guillaume Comte d'Evreux triggered by the enmity between their wives, and ransomed for 3,000 livres and the promise to make his cousin Roger de Tosny his heir[227]. "Guillelmus de Bretolio filius Guillelmi comitis" donated revenue to the monks of Saint-Evroult by charter dated to [1080][228]. "…Willelmus de Bretoil…" witnessed the charter dated 1089 under which Robert III Duke of Normandy confirmed the restoration of the monastery of Saint-Vigor near Bayeux[229]. An addition to the chronicle of Robert of Torigny records the death "apud Beccum V Id Jan" in 1183 of "Willermo filio Osberni comite Herefordiæ…filiis ipsius…Willemus maior natu" and his burial "in claustro Lirensis cenobii"[230]. The Chronicon Lyrensi records the death "apud Beccum V Id Jan" in 1098 of "Willelmus filius Willelmi filii Osberni" and his burial "in claustro Lirensis Cœnobii" which had been built by his father[231]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "12 Jan" of "Willelmus Britolii"[232]. m ADELINE de Montfort-sur-Risle, daughter of HUGUES [II] de Montfort-sur-Risle & his second wife ---. She is named as wife of Guillaume by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father and specifies that the couple were childless[233]. Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Bec, including donations by "Roberti de Monte Forti…Adeline sororis ipsius Roberti", by charter dated to [1181/89][234]. Guillaume had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

a) EUSTACHE de Pacy (-Pacy [Feb] 1136[235]). Orderic Vitalis records that he was the son of Guillaume "by a concubine", that he challenged the claims of William de Gaël and Renaud de Grancey to his father's estates and established himself as Seigneur de Breteuil et de Pacy, which was recognised by Henry I King of England who gave him his daughter's hand in marriage[236]. He rebelled against Henry I King of England, his father-in-law, in 1119, forfeited Breteuil but was allowed to retain Pacy[237]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Eustach de Britolio" in Wiltshire[238]. m (1103) JULIANE, illegitimate daughter of HENRY I King of England & his mistress [Ansfride] . She is named as the daughter of King Henry I by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that the king arranged her marriage[239]. According to the Complete Peerage[240], it is "not unlikely that she was the daughter of Ansfride" as her presumed full brother Richard interceded with King Henry on her behalf in 1119[241]. After her husband's rebellion in 1119, the king (her father) besieged her in Breteuil castle, from where she "was forced to leap down from the walls…and fell shamefully with bare buttocks into the depths of the moat", and fled to her husband at Pacy[242]. She and her husband were later pardoned. She became a nun at Fontevraud Abbey[243]. Eustache & his wife had four children:

i) GUILLAUME (-1153). He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Pacy. Orderic Vitalis records that he attacked Breteuil[244], which had been given to Raoul de Gaël. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1153 "sine liberis" of "Willermo de Paccio " and states that the castle of Pacy passed to "Roberto filio Roberti comitis Legecestriæ"[245].

ii) ROGER . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

iii) daughter . Orderic Vitalis records that she and her sister were given as hostages by their father in exchange for the son of Ralph Harenc. After Eustache blinded the boy, King Henry allowed Ralph to blind the two girls and cut off the tips of their noses [246].

iv) daughter . Orderic Vitalis records that she suffered the same fate as her sister[247].

b) ISABEL . She was the daughter of Guillaume according to Orderic Vitalis[248]. She must have been illegitimate as the same chronicler states in a later passage that her father's marriage was childless[249]. The charter recording the donation of "femina Hildeburgis…" to the abbey of Saint-Martin de Pontoise names "Elisabeth" as wife of her son "Ascelinus…Goellus" and their sons "Robertus et Willelmus"[250]. m ASCELIN Goel, son of ROBERT d'Ivry & his wife Hildeburgis de Château-Gaillard. He seized the castle of Ivry-la-Bataille (Eure) from Guillaume de Breteuil and surrendered it to Robert Duke of Normandy. The resulting war with Guillaume ended with the latter's capture and agreement to Ascelin's marriage to his daughter[251].

2. ROGER de Breteuil (-after 1087). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Guillaume et Roger l'Obstiné" as the two sons of Guillaume FitzOsbern and Adelisa[252]. On the death of his father, William I King of England granted Roger the succession to the estates in England, whereby he became Earl of Hereford. He conspired with his brother-in-law Raoul de Gaël Earl of Norfolk at Exning, Cambridgeshire in 1075, at the marriage of his sister, and rebelled against King William I during the latter's absence in Normandy. They raised an army but were prevented from crossing the River Severn by the Bishop of Worcester and the Abbot of Evesham. On the king's return to England, Earl Roger was imprisoned and his estates forfeited. He remained captive for the rest of his life[253]. Florence of Worcester records that "Herefordensis comes Rogerus filius Willelmi…East-Anglorum comiti Radulfo" conspired against King William in [1074][254]. Florence of Worcester records that "comites Morkarum et Rogerum, Siwardum cognomento Barn, et Wlnothum regis Haroldi germanum" were released by King William on his deathbed in 1087[255]. m ---. The name of Roger's wife is not known. Roger & his wife had two children:

a) RENAUD (-after [1130]). He is named as the son of Roger by Orderic Vitalis, who says that he and his brother became "some of the best soldiers in the service of King Henry I and are still awaiting his pardon"[256]. Nephew of Guillaume de Breteuil, on whose death he claimed Breteuil[257]. He held the Ballon fief in Wiltshire by [1130] de iure uxoris[258]. A charter of Richard I King of England confirmed donations to Godstow nunnery, Oxfordshire including the donation by “Reginaldi filii comitis et Emelinæ uxoris eius…hæredum suorum Eatonam”, by undated charter[259]. The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[260]. m EMMELINE, daughter of HAMELIN de Ballon Lord of Abergavenny & his wife Agnes --- . A charter of Richard I King of England confirmed donations to Godstow nunnery, Oxfordshire including the donation by “Reginaldi filii comitis et Emelinæ uxoris eius…hæredum suorum Eatonam”, by undated charter[261]. The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[262]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, which record the knights´ fees held from "Willelmus filius Reginaldi" in Herefordshire and name "Hamelinus de Balun avus suus"[263]. Renaud & his wife had [six] children:

i) WILLIAM de Ballon (-[1168/75]). The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[264]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record the knights´ fees held from "Willelmus filius Reginaldi" in Herefordshire and name "Hamelinus de Balun avus suus"[265]. He claimed the Lordship of Abergavenny in 1166, in right of his mother.

ii) RAINALD de Ballon (-1203). The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[266]. The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldum de Baelun Reginaldi filii comitis filium, et Emelinæ de Baelun” confirmed his father´s donation of property “Eatonam” to Godstow, naming “Hamelinus de Baelun avus meus”, subscribed by “Hamelino de Baelun”[267]. He succeeded his brother in [1168/75][268]. "Reginald de Baelun son of Reginald, son of the earl, and Emeline de Baelun" confirmed the donation of the manor of Eaton to Godstow abbey, made by "their father and mother", by charter dated to [1170/80][269]. It is supposed that "their" is a mistake for "his", and that "Emeline" was the mother of Rainald de Ballon not his otherwise unrecorded sister of this name, although this is not beyond all doubt. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1196/97], records "Reginaldus de Baalon" paying "xx s" in Hereford[270].

iii) HAMELIN de Ballon (-after 1166). The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[271]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record "Hamelin de Baalun" holding half a knight´s fee, and "Mathæus de Baaluum" holding one knight´s fee, from "Henrici de Novo Mercato" in Gloucestershire[272].

iv) [MATTHEW de Ballon (-after 1166). Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record "Hamelin de Baalun" holding half a knight´s fee, and "Mathæus de Baaluum" holding one knight´s fee, from "Henrici de Novo Mercato" in Gloucestershire[273]. It is not known with certainty whether these two feeholders were brothers, but this seems possible.]

v) AGNES . The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[274].

vi) JULIANA . The cartulary of Godstow includes an undated charter under which “Reginaldus filius Rogeri comitis Herefordiæ et Emelina uxor sua” and “filios et filias meas Wilelmum…Reginaldum et Hamelinum necnon Agnetem et Julianam” donated property “Eatonam” to Godstow[275].

b) ROGER (-after [1125/26][276]). He is named as the son of Roger by Orderic Vitalis, who says that he and his brother became "some of the best soldiers in the service of King Henry I and are still awaiting his pardon"[277].

3. EMMA . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the unnamed daughter of Guillaume FitzOsbern and Adelisa married "comte Raoul né Breton" and that they both went to Jerusalem in the time of Pope Urban[278]. Florence of Worcester records that her brother "Herefordensis comes Rogerus filius Willelmi" arranged her marriage to "East-Anglorum comiti Radulfo" against the wishes of King William in [1074][279]. The Annals of Winchester record the marriage in 1075 of “Radulfo Wadele comiti” and “comitis Willelmi Osberni filii filiam”[280]. m (Exning, Cambridgeshire 1075[281]) RALPH de Gaël Earl of Norfolk, son of RALPH "the Staller" Seigneur de Gaël & his wife --- (before 1040-on crusade after 1096).

4. daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that Guillaume FitzOsbern had two daughters[282].

Guillaume had one [Illegitimate] child [by an unknown mistress]:

5. RAOUL . Guillaume de Jumièges names Raoul as son of Guillaume FitzOsbern, recording that he became a monk at Corneilles as a child[283]. From the context of the passage, it would appear that Adelisa, wife of Guillaume FitzOsbern, was not the mother of Raoul as he is not included in the list of the couple's children in another passage.

C. EARLS of HEREFORD 1141-1155 (family of MILES of GLOUCESTER)

1. ROGER [de Pitres] (-before 1086[284]). m ADELINE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Roger & his wife had one child:

a) WALTER of Gloucester (-1129 or after[285]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Hereditary Sheriff of Gloucester. Constable [of Gloucester Castle][286]. The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny records that “Brientio filio comitis de Insula, nepoti suo de sorore sua…Lucia” granted the lordship of Abergavenny to “Waltero constabulatio totius Angliæ, consanguineo suo”[287]. The precise relationship between Walter and his predecessor has not yet been established. Henry I King of England confirmed the grant of "heredibus suis Herefordiam [parvam et] Ullingeswicam" to "Waltero de Gloec" by the bishop of Hereford by charter dated 1121, witnessed by "…Ricardo filio Poncii…"[288]. Henry I King of England granted the lands of "Edrici fil Chetelli" to "Walto de Gloec" by charter date [3/10] Jun 1123[289]. A charter dated to [1123] records that "Walt de Gloec" gave Little Hereford in fee to "Willo de Mara nepoti suo"[290]. "Walter de Gloecestria, Milo fili ei…Willelm de Mara" witnessed the charter dated to [1127] which records that "Ricard Puncii filii" granted Aston, Gloucestershire ("Hestoniam") to "Mathilli uxori mee"[291]. m BERTHE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. The Complete Peerage suggests that Berthe was a relative of Hamelin de Ballon Lord of Abergavenny, citing the passage from the Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny quoted above[292]. However, there are two difficulties with this hypothesis. Firstly, it is Walter, not his son, who is described as “consanguineo” of Brien FitzCount, suggesting that the relationship must have been through Walter´s parents not his wife. Secondly, doubt exists about the relationship between Brien FitzCount (generally identified as the illegitimate son of Alain IV Duke of Brittany, although the primary source which confirms that this affiliation is correct has not yet been traced) and Hamelin de Ballon, as discussed more fully in the document WALES (Lords of Abergavenny). The Complete Peerage also cites[293] the undated charter under which “Willielmus de Braosa” confirmed donations to Abergavenny Priory by “Hamelinus de Balon et Brientius comitis filius et Walterus de Herefort et Henricus de Herefort”[294]. This document does suggest a close relationship between the two families. However, a family connection through the mother of Miles of Gloucester is not the only possibility. Walter & his wife had [three] children:

i) MILES of Gloucester (-24 Dec 1143, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Milonem” as son of “Waltero constabulatio totius Angliæ”[295]. Henry I King of England appointed him Constable of England[296]. He was created Earl of Hereford in 1141.

- see below.

ii) [MATILDA (-after [1127]). A charter dated to [1127] records that "Ricard Pontii filii" granted the manor of "Lechia" to "Mathildi uxori mee in matrimoniu" in exchange for her original marriage portion, the manor of Ullingswick in Herefordshire, which he gave to "Helie Giff in mat-monu cum filia mea Berta"[297]. Round indicates that this charter means that Matilda must have been the daughter of Walter of Gloucester, noting that Ullingswick was recorded in Domesday Book as belonging to the church of Hereford, and also that King Henry I confirmed its grant and that of Little Hereford by the bishop of Hereford to Walter of Gloucester by another charter (see above)[298]. The fact that Matilda named two of her children after her supposed parents also indicates that this parentage is probably correct (although the name Walter was already used in the FitzPons family before Richard´s marriage). "Ricardus filius Puncii" donated “ecclesiam de Lecha" to Great Malvern monastery, Worcestershire, for the soul of "uxoris meæ Mathildis et liberorum meorum…", by undated charter, witnessed by "Simon et Osbernus fratres mei…"[299]. m RICHARD FitzPons, son of PONS & his wife --- (-[1127/29]).]

iii) [--- .] m ---. One child:

(a) RENAUD (-25 Aug 1149). A manuscript listing abbots of Evesham records that ”Reginaldus, monachus Gloucestriæ, nepos comitis Milonis Herefordiæ” was appointed abbot in 1122 and died “VIII Kal Sep 1149”[300], although another manuscript records his death “VIII Kal Sep 1136”[301].

b) [--- . Her parentage and marriage are established by the charter dated to [1123] which records that "Walt de Gloec" gave Little Hereford in fee to "Willo de Mara nepoti suo"[302], although it is always possible that "nepos" should be interpreted in this document as indicating a more remote relationship than nephew of Walter of Gloucester. m --- de la Mare, son of ---.]

MILES of Gloucester, son of WALTER of Gloucester & his wife Berthe --- (-24 Dec 1143, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Milonem” as son of “Waltero constabulatio totius Angliæ”[303]. "Walter de Gloecestria, Milo fili ei…" witnessed the charter dated to [1127] which records that "Ricard Puncii filii" granted Aston, Gloucestershire ("Hestoniam") to "Mathilli uxori mee"[304]. Henry I King of England appointed him Constable of England in succession to his father[305]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Miloni Gloec" in Wiltshire (two entries)[306]. Stephen King of England granted him the honour of Gloucester and Brecknock in [1136] and appointed him Constable of Gloucester Castle. “Mylo constabularius de Gloucestria” donated property to Lanthony abbey, naming “antecessores mei Rogerus de Gloecestria et Walterus constabularius”, by charter dated 1137, supplemented by another later donation (undated) jointly with "uxor mea Sibilla et filii mei Rogerus et Walterus atque Henricus" in the presence of "…Roberto Corbet…"[307]. He joined Empress Matilda on her arrival in England in 1139, acting as her Constable. She created him Earl of Hereford at Oxford 25 Jul 1141, and granted him the castle of Abergavenny[308]. Brien FitzCount, illegitimate son of Alain IV "Fergant" Duke of Brittany, and his wife transferred the honour of Abergavenny to Earl Miles in [1141/42][309]. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Paganus filius Joannis…et Milo" of Gloucester were killed, dated to [1137/40][310]. It is unclear why the two deaths are reported at the same time as a later passage in the Gesta records that "comes…Herefordiæ, Milo" was killed by arrow, and in a third passage that he was killed while hunting, dated from the context to [1142/43][311]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[312].

m ([Apr/May] 1121) SIBYLLE de Neufmarché, daughter and heiress of BERNARD de Neufmarché Lord of Brecknock & his wife Nesta [Agnes] --- (-bur Lanthony Prior, Gloucester). A manuscript narrating the history of Brecknock priory records that the founder “Bernard de Nefmarche, Norman” married “Neste qe fut apele Agnes, la file Griffin le fiz Lewelin…cruel tyrant de Gales” by whom he fathered “Mael…noble chevalier” whom it was claimed was not his son and who was deprived of Brecknock in favour of “la file [de] Neste, Sibile” wife of “Miles…fiz Watir le conestable de Gloucestre e de Hereford”[313]. The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Sibillam, legitimam hæredem totius terræ Breconiæ…Bernardi et Agnetis de Novo-Mercato” as wife of “Milonem”, son of “Waltero constabulatio totius Angliæ”[314]. A charter dated to [10 Apr/29 May] 1121 records the arrangements for the marriage of "Miloni de Gloec" and "Sibilia filia Beorndi de Novo Mercato", the dowry being all the possessions of her father and of her mother[315]. “Mylo constabularius de Gloucestria” donated property to Lanthony abbey, naming “antecessores mei Rogerus de Gloecestria et Walterus constabularius”, by charter dated 1137, supplemented by another later donation (undated) jointly with "uxor mea Sibilla et filii mei Rogerus et Walterus atque Henricus"[316]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Sibbill wiff of the seid Milo…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[317].

Earl Miles & his wife had seven children:

1. MARGARET ([1121/23]-6 Apr 1187, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Margaretam, Bertam et Luciam” as the three daughters of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Margaret married “Humphredo de Boun” and inherited “comitatu Herefordiæ”[318]. Her birth date range is estimated from the date of her parents' marriage and the likely birth date of her daughter Maud. "…Margarita filia ipsi Mil…" subscribed the charter dated to [1123] records that "Walt de Gloec" gave Little Hereford in fee to "Willo de Mara nepoti suo"[319]. This document suggests that Margaret must have been her parents´s oldest child. “Humfridus de Bohun regis dapifer et Marger. uxor mea” founded Farleigh Priory by undated charter[320]. She certified the knights' fees made in the fee of her father during the time of King Henry I[321], which may imply that her husband had died by then. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Margareta de Bohun xvii m" in Gloucestershire in [1167/68][322]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the death 6 Apr 1187 of “Margeriam”, wife of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun tertium” and her burial “in capitulo Lanthoniæ, juxta Gloucestriam”[323]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Sibbill wiff of the seid Milo…Ladi Margaret the furst begotton daughter of the said Milo…married to Humfre of Bohun the third…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[324]. m Sir HUMPHREY de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY de Bohun & his wife Maud of Salisbury ([1100/10]-[before 1166]).

2. ROGER FitzMiles (-1155, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Rogerum comitem, Henricum, Walterum, Maiel et Wilielmum” as the five sons of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Roger died childless[325]. “Mylo constabularius de Gloucestria” donated property to Lanthony abbey, naming “antecessores mei Rogerus de Gloecestria et Walterus constabularius”, by charter dated 1137, supplemented by another later donation (undated) jointly with "uxor mea Sibilla et filii mei Rogerus et Walterus atque Henricus"[326]. He succeeded his father in 1143 as Earl of Hereford. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Rogerius, Milonis filius, juvenis…ætate" succeeded "in comitatum Herefordiæ" after his father was killed[327]. Constable of England. Lord of Abergavenny. He was in dispute with Henry II King of England in [1154], probably about the castle of Gloucester, and surrendered the castle and his earldom, although the king made a re-grant of the latter to Roger[328]. The Chronicle of Gervase names "comes Herefordensis Rogerius…magni Milonis filius" when recording his dispute with King Henry II in 1155[329]. The History of Gloucester St Peter records the donation by "Rogeri comes Herfordiæ" on becoming a monk at the monastery, and the donation of "Walterus constabularius Herefordiæ frater eius" (both undated)[330]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “Rogerus comes Herefordiæ” died in 1155[331]. On his death the earldom granted by King Henry II became extinct. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Roger…his first begotten sonne…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[332]. m (before [Dec 1137/May 1138]) as her first husband, CECILY, daughter of PAYN FitzJohn of Ewyas, co. Hereford, Sheriff of Hereford and Shropshire & his wife Sibyl de Lacy (-1207). She is referred to as the wife of Roger in King Stephen's charter dated [Dec 1137/May 1138][333]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Lilleshall Abbey, Shropshire records that “Rogerus comes Hereford” married “vicecomes Paganus…filiam”[334]. King Stephen confirmed to "Rogo filio Milonis Gloec et Cecilie uxori sue filie Pag fil Johis" the lands of her father by charter dated to [Dec 1137/May 1138][335]. She married secondly Guillaume de Poitou. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. She married thirdly (before 1166) Gauthier de Mayenne. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "comitissa Hereford quæ fuit uxor Walteri de Meduana" paying "xiv l x s de scutagio militum de veteri feffamento xxix milites" in Kent[336]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1196/97], records "honor Walteri de Meduana" paying "xxix l, per Ciciliam comitissam Herfordiæ et Willelmum de Monte Kanisio, xxix milites" in Kent[337].

3. WALTER FitzMiles (-1159 or after). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Rogerum comitem, Henricum, Walterum, Maiel et Wilielmum” as the five sons of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Walter died childless[338]. “Mylo constabularius de Gloucestria” donated property to Lanthony abbey, naming “antecessores mei Rogerus de Gloecestria et Walterus constabularius”, by charter dated 1137, supplemented by another later donation (undated) jointly with "uxor mea Sibilla et filii mei Rogerus et Walterus atque Henricus"[339]. “Waltero fratre meo” witnessed the undated charter under which “Rogerus comes Herefordiæ” donated property to Brecknock priory[340]. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Walterius…frater comitis Herefordiæ" captured "Rogerium de Berchelai" and tortured him, dated from the context to [1147][341]. He was Constable of Henry II King of England in 1154[342]. Sheriff of Gloucester 1155-1157, and of Hereford 1155-1159[343]. The History of Gloucester St Peter records the donation by "Rogeri comes Herfordiæ" on becoming a monk at the monastery, and the donation of "Walterus constabularius Herefordiæ frater eius" (both undated)[344]. He succeeded his brother in 1155 as Lord of Abergavenny and Brecknock. He left for Palestine [Michaelmas] 1159, dying soon after[345].

4. HENRY FitzMiles (-murdered Castle Arnold, near Abergavenny Easter [1159/63], bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Rogerum comitem, Henricum, Walterum, Maiel et Wilielmum” as the five sons of “Milonem” & his wife[346]. “Mylo constabularius de Gloucestria” donated property to Lanthony abbey, naming “antecessores mei Rogerus de Gloecestria et Walterus constabularius”, by charter dated 1137, supplemented by another later donation (undated) jointly with "uxor mea Sibilla et filii mei Rogerus et Walterus atque Henricus"[347]. He succeeded his brother Walter as Lord of Abergavenny and Brecknock. The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny records that “Waltero constabulatio totius Angliæ” granted “castrum de Abergavenny cum tota terra superioris Wenciæ” to “Henrico…filio Milonis” during the lifetime of his father, and that Henry succeeded on the death of his brother Roger, was killed by “quodam satellite…Senell, filio Donwaldi, iuxta castrum Arnaldi in superiore Wencia”, and was buried “apud Lanthoniam primam”[348]. He was murdered by Seisyll ap Dyvnwal[349]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Roger…his first begotten sonne…Henri his brother Lord of Bricone…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[350]. m ISABELLA, daughter of --- (-1166). She held dower of five fees as widow of Henry of Hereford in 1166[351].

5. MAHEL FitzMiles (-after [Jan 1162/64], bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Rogerum comitem, Henricum, Walterum, Maiel et Wilielmum” as the five sons of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Mahel died childless[352]. He succeeded his brother Henry as Lord of Abergavenny and Brecknock. “Maihelus de Hereford” donated property to Brecknock priory by undated charter which names “Bernardus de Novo-mercato avus meus…Milo pater meus…fratres mei Rogerus comes, et Walterius constabularius et Henricus”, witnessed by “…Humfridus de Buhun nepos meus…”[353]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Roger…his first begotten sonne…Henri his brother Lord of Bricone…Michel Lord of Bricone…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[354].

6. WILLIAM FitzMiles (-Bronllys Tower, co. Brecon [1164/66]). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Rogerum comitem, Henricum, Walterum, Maiel et Wilielmum” as the five sons of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that William died childless[355]. He succeeded his brother Mahel as Lord of Abergavenny and Brecknock. He was mortally wounded by a stone dropped from Bronllys Tower[356].

7. BERTHE . The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Margaretam, Bertam et Luciam” as the three daughters of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Berthe married “Philippo de Brusa domino de Duelth“ (naming their descendants) and inherited “tota terra Breconiæ, Wenciæ superioris et Gower”[357]. A manuscript narrating the history of Brecknock priory records that “Berte” married “Willame de Brewes”, and also lists her descendants[358]. "Willielmus de Braiosa" confirmed the donations to the church of Saints Gervais et Protais de Briouze by "Philippus de Braiosa pater eiusdem Willielmi", by undated charter, witnessed by "Bertam conjugem meam, Philippum fratrem meum"[359]. m (1150 or before) WILLIAM de Briouse, son of PHILIPPE de Briouse [Briouse, Normandy] & his wife Eleanor of Barnstaple (-[1192/93]). He was Lord of Abergavenny and Brecon from [1173] by grant of his brother-in-law Mahel FitzMiles[360].

8. LUCY (before 1143-[1219/20] or after, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Margaretam, Bertam et Luciam” as the three daughters of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Lucy married “Herberto filio Hereberti” and inherited “foresta de Dene et aliis terries in Anglia”[361]. The Testa de Nevill lists knights who held land from bishop of Worcester, whose assets had been confiscated by King John, dated to [1208/13]: "Henricus de Boun comes Herefordie et domina Lucia que fuit uxor Herberti filii Herberti" held "manerio in Suham et Brokhamt ii milites…in comitatu Glouc"[362]. A feodary of the bishop of Worcester´s estates drawn up in [1219/20] records that "Dame Lucia, widow of Herbert fitz Herbert" held shares in two Gloucestershire manors[363]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Sibbill wiff of the seid Milo…Luce the third daughter of the seid Milo Erle…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[364]. m HERBERT FitzHerbert [II], son of HERBERT FitzHerbert [I] & his wife Sibyl Corbet (-before 18 Jul 1204).

D. EARLS of HEREFORD 1200-1373 (BOHUN)

HUMPHREY de Bohun [Bohon, in Normandy], son of ---. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “dominus Hunfredus de Bohun, cum barba” accompanied William “the Conqueror” to England, adding that he was “cognatus” of William[365]. "…Unfredi de Bohun et Richardi filii eius necnon Ingulfi eiusdem loci canonici…" are named as witnesses at the court of William I King of England in the charter dated to [1081] which records an agreement between the monks of Marmoutier and "Gaufridus Nervei filius"[366]. Lord of Tatterford, Norfolk.

m ---. The name of Humphrey's wife is not known.

Humphrey & his wife had [four] children:

1. HUMPHREY de Bohun (-before 1129/30391). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun secundum” as son of “dominus Hunfredus de Bohun, cum barba”[367]. m ([1089/99][368]) MAUD de Salisbury, daughter of EDWARD de Salisbury, Sheriff of Wiltshire & his wife --- (-bur Lanthony Priory). The Book of Lacock names “Matildam” as daughter of “Edwardum…vicecomitem Wiltes”, adding that she married “Humphridus de Bohun”[369]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun secundum” married “Matildem filiam Edwardi de Salesbury”, adding that she brought “Weston juxta Salesbury, et Walton, Newenton, Piryton, Staunton, Trobrege…” to her husband[370]. Humphrey & his wife had two children:

a) HUMPHREY de Bohun ([1100/10][371]-[before 1166]). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus tertius de Bohun et Matildis” as the children of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun secundum” and his wife “Matildem filiam Edwardi de Salesbury”[372].

- see below.

b) MAUD [Mabilia][373] de Bohun . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus tertius de Bohun et Matildis” as the children of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun secundum” and his wife “Matildem filiam Edwardi de Salesbury”[374].

2. RICHARD de Méry . "…Unfredi de Bohun et Richardi filii eius necnon Ingulfi eiusdem loci canonici…" are named as witnesses at the court of William I King of England in the charter dated to [1081] which records an agreement between the monks of Marmoutier and "Gaufridus Nervei filius"[375]. m LUCY, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Richard & his wife had three children:

a) INGELGER [I] de Bohun (-[1172]). "…Engelgerius de Bohun, Alexander de Bohun…" witnessed the charter dated to [end 1150/early Sep 1151] under which "H. dux Normannorum" granted privileges to the citizens of Rouen[376]. His grant to the priory of Saint-Georges de Bohon names his deceased first wife and his second wife[377]. Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Blanchelande, including donations by "Engelgerius de Bohon…Ricardus Avenel…Doon Bardouf et Thomas frater eius…", by charter dated 1157[378]. The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Engelgero de Buhun" at "Blochesha", yielding ₤20, in Oxfordshire[379]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Engelger de Boun" with two knights and seven knights "in Costentino" in his own service[380]. m firstly MATHILDE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly as her second husband, ADELISE d'Aumâle, widow of ROBERT [II] Bertran Seigneur de Briquebec, daughter of ETIENNE Comte d'Aumâle & his wife Hawise de Mortemer (-before [1168]). "Adeliza daughter of [Stephen] count Albemaris" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte for the souls of "Engelger her husband and Robert Bertrand her son" by charter dated to [1151/77][381].

b) ALEXANDER de Bohun (-[1153]). Steward of Henri Comte d'Anjou and Duke of Normandy (later Henry II King of England) at Falaise, Argentan and Domfront[382]. "…Alexandro de Bohun…" witnessed the charter dated to [1146/50] under which "G. dux Norm et comes And…" confirmed the rights of the abbey of Saint-Wandrille[383]. "…Engelgerius de Bohun, Alexander de Bohun…" witnessed the charter dated to [end 1150/early Sep 1151] under which "H. dux Normannorum" granted privileges to the citizens of Rouen[384].

c) MURIEL de Bohun . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Savaric son of Cana and Muriel his wife" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Sees by charter dated to [1105], witnessed by "…Radulfus et Savarico filii ipsius Savarici"[385]. m SAVARI de Beaumont, son of RAOUL [V] Vicomte de Beaumont-sur-Sarthe, Vicomte du Maine & his second wife Cana --- .

3. [INGULF (-after [1081]). "…Unfredi de Bohun et Richardi filii eius necnon Ingulfi eiusdem loci canonici…" are named as witnesses at the court of William I King of England in the charter dated to [1081] which records an agreement between the monks of Marmoutier and "Gaufridus Nervei filius"[386]. This document suggests, but does not explicitly state, that Ingulf was another son of Humphrey de Bohun. Canon of Marmoutier.]

4. ADELA de Bohun . The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Adele amite Unf de Buhun" in Wiltshire[387].

1. INGELGER [II] de Bohun (-after 1196). The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1196/97], records "Emugerus de Bohun" paying "lx s" in Sussex[388]. Ingelger [II] de Bohun was presumably related to Ingelger [I] (see above), but the precise relationship has not yet been traced.

HUMPHREY de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY de Bohun & his wife Maud de Salisbury ([1100/10][389]-[before 1166]). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus tertius de Bohun et Matildis” as the children of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun secundum” and his wife “Matildem filiam Edwardi de Salesbury”[390]. He succeeded his father, recorded in the 1129/30 Pipe Roll as paying relief on his land [391]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Vnfr de Bohun" in Dorsetshire and Wiltshire[392]. As steward [dapifer], he witnessed a charter of Henry I King of England to Bec Abbey dated 1131 and King Stephen's 1136 Charter of Liberties[393]. He was steward of King Stephen from 1136 to 1139[394], but later supported Empress Matilda as shown by the following charter. "M. imperatrix, Henrici regis filia et Anglorum domina et Henricus filius comitis Andegavie" confirmed the rights of "Unfrido de Buhun" in the lands he held on the death of her father "et dapiferatum suum in Anglia et Normannia" by charter dated to [1142/46][395]. The 1155 Pipe Roll records "Hunfr. de Buhu" in Wiltshire[396]. The 1156 and 1157 Pipe Rolls record "Hunfr de Buhun" in Wiltshire, "in Melchesha" yielding ₤48, in "Bradeford" ₤40[397]. “Humfridus de Bohun regis dapifer et Marger. uxor mea” founded Farleigh Priory by undated charter[398].

m MARGARET of Hereford, daughter of MILES of Gloucester Earl of Hereford & his wife Sibylle de Neufmarché ([1121/25]-6 Apr 1187, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The Historia fundationis cum fundatoris genealogia of the priory of Abergavenny names “Margaretam, Bertam et Luciam” as the three daughters of “Milonem” & his wife, adding that Margaret married “Humphredo de Boun” and inherited “comitatu Herefordiæ”[399]. Her birth date range is estimated from the date of her parents' marriage and the likely birth date of her daughter Maud. “Humfridus de Bohun regis dapifer et Marger. uxor mea” founded Farleigh Priory by undated charter[400]. She certified the knights' fees made in the fee of her father during the time of King Henry I[401], which may imply that her husband had died by then. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Margareta de Bohun xvii m" in Gloucestershire in [1167/68][402]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the death 6 Apr 1187 of “Margeriam”, wife of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun tertium” and her burial “in capitulo Lanthoniæ, juxta Gloucestriam”[403]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Sibbill wiff of the seid Milo…Ladi Margaret the furst begotton daughter of the said Milo…married to Humfre of Bohun the third…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[404].

Humphrey de Bohun & his wife had three children:

1. HUMPHREY de Bohun (-[1180], bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “dominus Humfridus quartus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et constabularius Angliæ” as son of “dominum Hunfredum de Bohun tertium” and his wife “Margeriam”[405]. He succeeded his father as Lord of Trowbridge, Wiltshire. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Humfridus de Boun" with two knights and two knights "in Costentino" in his own service[406]. He was appointed Constable of England by [1172][407], presumably inheriting the position from his mother's family. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1182 of "Hunfredus de Bohun"[408]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “dominus Humfridus quartus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et constabularius Angliæ” was buried at Lanthony[409]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Ladi Margaret the furst begotton daughter of the said Milo…married to Humfre of Bohun the third…Humfre of Bohum the iiiith sonne and heire of the foresaid Margaret…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[410]. m (1171 before Easter) as her second husband, MARGARET of Huntingdon, widow of CONAN IV "le Petit" Duke of Brittany, daughter of HENRY of Scotland Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland & his wife Ada de Warenne of Surrey ([1143/44]-1201, bur Sawtrey Abbey, Herts). Her origin and first marriage are deduced from Benedict of Peterborough recording that "filia sororis regis Scotiæ Willelmi comitissa Brittaniæ" gave birth in 1186 to "filium…Arturum"[411]. Her birth date is estimated from the Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 which records property “villam de Wissinton” held by “Margareta comitissa…xl annorum”, adding that “comes Britannie habet filiam suam” and that she has “i filium de Humfrido de Buun qui est infra etatem”[412]. The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ records that "Conanus filius Alani" married "Margaretam sororem Willielmi Regis Scotie"[413]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “dominus Humfridus quartus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et constabularius Angliæ” married “Margaretam comitissam Britanniæ”[414]. The Annals of Burton record the death in 1201 of “Margareta mater…Constantiæ, soror Willelmi regis Scotiæ, mater Henrici de Boum comitis Herefordiæ”[415]. Humphrey de Bohun & his wife had one child:

a) HENRY de Bohun (-1 Jun 1220, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Henricus de Bohun comes Hereford et constabularius Angliæ” as son of “dominus Humfridus quartus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et constabularius Angliæ” and his wife “Margaretam comitissam Britanniæ”[416]. He succeeded his father as hereditary Constable of England. He was created Earl of Hereford in 1200.

- see below.

2. MILO (-young). He is named as son of Humphrey in Domesday Descendants[417].

3. RICHARD (-young). He is named as son of Humphrey in a charter[418].

4. MATILDA de Bohun ([1140/43][419]-). Her parentage is established by a 1263 inquisition which confirms that Humphrey de Bohun, grandfather of Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford at that time, gave Bradenham to his sister Maud[420]. Her two marriages are confirmed by a lawsuit recorded in 1194 in which "Matill uxor Walteri fil Robti" sued "Cecilia uxore Rad fil Wigain" over Swereford manor, Oxfordshire, given to her by "Henri de Oilli vir eius…in dote"[421]. m firstly HENRY de Oilly of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, son of ROBERT d'Oilly & his wife Edith Forne (-1163). [422]m secondly as his second wife, WALTER FitzRobert of Little Dunmow, Essex, son of ROBERT FitzRichard de Clare & his wife Maud de Senlis (-1198, bur Dunmow Priory).

5. [MARGARET de Bohun (-before 1196). According to the Complete Peerage[423], the first wife of Waleran de Beaumont Earl of Warwick was Margaret de Bohun, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun & his wife Margaret of Hereford. This appears chronologically improbable in light of the likely birth dates of Humphrey and Margaret's children in the 1140s and the estimated birth date of Waleran & Margaret's son in [1190].]

HENRY de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY de Bohun, hereditary Constable of England & his wife Margaret of Huntingdon (-1 Jun 1220, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Henricus de Bohun comes Hereford et constabularius Angliæ” as son of “dominus Humfridus quartus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et constabularius Angliæ” and his wife “Margaretam comitissam Britanniæ”[424]. He succeeded his father as hereditary Constable of England. He inherited the principal estates of the former Earls of Hereford, through his paternal grandmother. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Henricus de Bohun" paying "x s, dimidium militem" in Berkshire[425]. He was created Earl of Hereford at Porchester 28 Apr 1200. He was one of the 25 barons appointed to secure the observance of Magna Carta in 1215, and after the death of King John supported Louis de France when he invaded England. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Lincoln 20 May 1217[426]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the death in 1220 of "Henricus de Boum comes Herefordensis"[427]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Henricus de Bohun” died 1 Jun 1220 and was buried at Lanthony[428]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “Milo…Erle of Herforde, Lord of Bricone and of all the Forest of Done, and also Constable of England…Ladi Margaret the furst begotton daughter of the said Milo…married to Humfre of Bohun the third…Humfre of Bohum the iiiith sonne and heire of the foresaid Margaret…Henri of Bohum sonne and heire of the foreseid Margaret…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[429].

m as her first husband, MAUD de Mandeville, daughter of GEOFFREY FitzPiers Earl of Essex & his first wife Beatrice de Say (-27 Aug 1236, bur Lanthony Priory). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Galfridus…Willielmus cognomina Mandavilla…et Matildis, Humfrido de Bohun comiti Herefordiæ maritata” as children of “domino Galfrido filio Petri” & his wife[430]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Henricus de Bohun” married “Matildem filiam et hæredem domini Galfridi filii Petri comitis Essexiæ”[431]. She married secondly (before 1227, divorced before 24 Apr 1233, divorce revoked before Jul 1236[432]) Roger de Daunteseye of Dauntsey, Wiltshire. She succeeded her brother, William de Mandeville Earl of Essex, in 1227 as Ctss of Essex, suo iure. The Annals of Dunstable record that “comitissa Herfordiæ” died in 1236[433].

Earl Henry & his wife had three children:

1. HUMPHREY de Bohun (-24 Sep 1275, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Matilidis filia sua, Humfredus filius suus primogenitus, Henricus et Radulfus fratres eius” as children of “Humfridum de Bohun filium domini Henrici de Bohun comitis Herefordiæ” and his wife “Matildi”[434]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” as sons of “Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam et hæredem domini Galfridi filii Petri comitis Essexiæ”[435]. He succeeded his father in 1220 as Earl of Hereford, hereditary Constable of England. He had livery of his mother's lands 9 Sep 1236, thereby succeeding as Earl of Essex. He supported Henry III King of England against the barons in 1263/64[436]. m firstly MATHILDE de Lusignan, daughter of RAOUL de Lusignan Comte d'Eu & his wife Alice d'Eu (-14 Aug 1241, bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ” married firstly “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia”, adding that she died “in vigilia assumptionis beatæ Mariæ” and was buried in Lanthony[437]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “circa Assumptionem beatæ Mariæ” in 1241 of “comitissa Herefordiæ” and her burial “apud Lentoniam juxta Gloucestriam”[438]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “…Maude daughter of the Erle of Ewes in Normanni, first wiff of…Humfre de Bohum the vth…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[439]. The necrology of Ulterioris Portus monastery records the death "14 Aug" of "Mathildis comitissa de Herefort, filia...Aelidis comitissæ Augi"[440]. m secondly MAUD de Avenbury, daughter of --- (-Sorges, Gascony 8 Oct 1273, bur Sorges, transferred 1290 to Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus quintus de Bohun” married secondly “Matildem de Avenbury”, adding that she died 8 Oct 1273 “apud Sorgee in Gasconia” where she was buried, her son transferring her body to Lanthony 17 years after her death[441]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “…Maude of Avenburi Countes, wiff of the seid Humfre the second…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[442]. Earl Humphrey & his first wife had five children:

a) HUMPHREY de Bohun (-Beeston Castle, Cheshire 27 Oct 1265, bur Combermere Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “dominus Humfredus sextus de Bohun, dominus de Brekenok” as the son of “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia”[443].

- see below.

b) MAUD de Bohun (-Groby, Lincolnshire 20 Oct 1252, bur Brackley). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Matilidis filia sua, Humfredus filius suus primogenitus, Henricus et Radulfus fratres eius” as children of “Humfridum de Bohun filium domini Henrici de Bohun comitis Herefordiæ” and his wife “Matildi”[444]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Matildis..Alicia” as the first two of the four daughters of “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia”, adding that Matilda married “Ancelmo filio et hæredi Willielmi le Mareschall”[445]. m firstly ANSELM Marshal, son of WILLIAM Marshal Earl of Pembroke & his wife Isabel de Clare Ctss of Pembroke (-Chepstow [22/24] Dec 1245, bur Tintern Abbey). He succeeded his brother in 1245 as Earl of Pembroke. m secondly (before 5 Jun 1250) as his second wife, ROGER de Quincy Earl of Winchester, son of SAHER de Quincy Earl of Winchester & his wife Margaret of Leicester (-25 Apr 1264, bur [Brackley]).

c) ALICE (-bur Lanthony Priory). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Matildis..Alicia” as the first two of the four daughters of “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia”, adding that Alice married “domino de Thonye” and was buried at Lanthony[446]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “…the Ladi Alice of Tonny daughter of Humfre of Bohum the vth…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[447]. m as his first wife, ROGER [V] de Tosny, son of RAOUL [VI] de Tosny & his wife Pernel de Lacy (29 Sep 1235-[10 Jun 1263/14 May 1264]).

d) [daughter . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that the third of the four daughters of “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia” married “domino de Quincy”[448]. This may represent confusion with the second marriage of this supposed daughter´s sister Maud to Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester (see above).]

e) [daughter . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia” had four daughters[449].]

Earl Humphrey & his second wife had one child:

f) JOHN de Bohun of Haresfield . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Johannem de Bohun, dominum de Haresfeld, patrem domini Edmundi de Bohun” as the son of “Humfredus quintus de Bohun” and his second wife “Matildem de Avenbury”[450]. He performed the office of Constable of England in 1282 when his nephew Humphrey was confined to Brecknock[451]. m ---. The name of John´s wife is not known. John & his wife had one child:

i) EDMUND de Bohun . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Johannem de Bohun, dominum de Haresfeld, patrem domini Edmundi de Bohun”[452]. m MATILDA de Segrave, daughter of NICHOLAS de Segrave Baron of Stowe, Staffordshire & his wife ---.

2. HENRY de Bohun . The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Matilidis filia sua, Humfredus filius suus primogenitus, Henricus et Radulfus fratres eius” as children of “Humfridum de Bohun filium domini Henrici de Bohun comitis Herefordiæ” and his wife “Matildi”[453]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” as sons of “Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam et hæredem domini Galfridi filii Petri comitis Essexiæ”, adding that Henry died young[454].

3. RALPH de Bohun . The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Matilidis filia sua, Humfredus filius suus primogenitus, Henricus et Radulfus fratres eius” as children of “Humfridum de Bohun filium domini Henrici de Bohun comitis Herefordiæ” and his wife “Matildi”[455].

HUMPHREY de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex & his first wife Maud de Lusignan (-Beeston Castle, Cheshire 27 Oct 1265, bur Combermere Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “dominus Humfredus sextus de Bohun, dominus de Brekenok” as the son of “Henricus [mistake for Humfredus] quintus de Bohun comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ et dominus Henricus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem filiam comitis de Ewe in Normannia”[456]. He supported the barons against Henry III King of England in 1263/64 and was taken prisoner at the battle of Evesham 4 Aug 1265[457]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “dominus Humfredus sextus de Bohun, dominus de Brekenok” was captured at the battle of Evesham and taking to “castellum de Bystone juxta Cestriam” where he died “in vigilia sanctorum Simonis et Judæ”, adding that he was buried “in abbathia de Cumbremere”[458].

m firstly (after Aug 1241) ELEANOR de Briouse, daughter and co-heiress of WILLIAM de Briouse Lord of Abergavenny & his wife Eve Marshal of the Earls of Pembroke (-bur Lanthony Priory, Gloucester). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Isabella, Matildis, Eva et Alianora” as the four daughters of “Willielmus de Brews quartus” and his wife “Evam filiam domini Willielmi Mareschalli”, adding that Eleanor married “Hunfredo de Bohun quinto cum dominio de Brekenok”, corrected to “Humfredus sextus” in a later passage which also adds that the marriage took place after the death of Humphrey´s mother[459]. The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Matilda, Alianora et Eva" as the three daughters of "Willielmo de Brewes" and his wife "quinta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Eva", adding that Eleanor married "Humfrido de Bohun vi"[460]. A manuscript in Aske´s collections names “…Elionor of Brewis, Ladi and heire of the land of Bricon…” among those buried at Lanthony Priory[461].

m secondly JOAN de Quincy, daughter and co-heiress of ROBERT de Quincy & his wife Helen of Wales (-25 Nov 1285). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

Humphrey de Bohun & his first wife had three children:

1. HUMPHREY de Bohun ([1249]-1298). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus septimus de Bohun” as son of “dominus Humfredus sextus de Bohun, dominus de Brekenok” and his wife “Alianoram de Brewes”[462]. He succeeded his grandfather in 1275 as Earl of Hereford and Essex.

- see below.

2. GILBERT de Bohun . His brother granted him all the lands in Ireland belonging to their mother[463].

3. --- de Bohun . m ---. One child:

a) OLIVER de Bohun . A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus sextus de Bohun” as “avus domini Oliveri de Bohun” but does not name Oliver´s parents[464].

4. ELEANOR de Bohun (-20 Feb 1314, bur Walden Abbey). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1313 X Kal Mar” of “Elianora comitissa Derbi” and her burial at Walden[465]. m (26 Jun 1269) as his second wife, ROBERT de Ferrers Earl of Derby, son of WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby & his second wife Margaret de Quincy of Winchester ([1239]-1279, bur [Stafford, Priory of St Thomas]).

HUMPHREY de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY de Bohun & his first wife Eleanor de Briouse of Abergavenny ([1249]-Pleshey 31 Dec 1298, bur Walden, Essex). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus septimus de Bohun” as son of “dominus Humfredus sextus de Bohun, dominus de Brekenok” and his wife “Alianoram de Brewes”[466]. He succeeded his grandfather in 1275 as Earl of Hereford and Essex, hereditary Constable of England. He was confined to Brecknock in 1282 and the office of Constable performed by his uncle John de Bohun[467]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1298 II Kal Jan” of “Humfridus de Boun comes Herefordiæ et Essexiæ”[468]. The Annals of Worcester record the death “II Kal Jan” in 1298 of “Umfredus comes Herefordiæ” and his burial “in monasterio de Waledene”[469].

m (1275) MATHILDE de Fiennes, daughter of ENGUERRAND Seigneur de Fiennes & his wife Isabeau de Condé (-6 Nov before 1298, bur Walden, Essex). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Matilda de Fenis” as wife of “Humfridus de Boun comes Herefordiæ et Essexiæ”[470]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus septimus de Bohun” married “Matildem de Fenes”, adding that she died “in festo S. Leonardi” and was buried “apud Waldene”[471]. The primary source which confirms her parentage more precisely has not yet been identified.

Earl Humphrey & his wife had one child:

1. HUMPHREY de Bohun ([1276]-killed in battle Boroughbridge 16 Mar 1322, bur York, Church of the Friars Preachers). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” as son of “Humfredus septimus de Bohun” and his wife “Matildem de Fenes”[472]. He succeeded his father in 1298 as Earl of Hereford and Essex, hereditary Constable of England. He was deprived of his office of Constable in 1302, but was restored as such 28 Aug 1311. He was among the Barons who forced King Edward II to agree to the appointment of the Ordainers, of whom he became one himself. He opposed the Despensers, joined the rebellion of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, and was killed while trying to force the bridge at Boroughbridge. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Humfridus de Bohun” was killed “ad pontem de Burrowbrigge” and was buried at York[473]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus octavus” died 16 Mar 1321 and was buried “apud Ebor, inter Fratres Prædicatores”[474]. m (Westminster 14 Nov 1302) as her second husband, ELIZABETH of England, widow of JAN I Count of Holland and Zeeland, daughter of EDWARD I King of England & his first wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla (Rhuddlan Castle, Flintshire Aug 1282-Quendon, Essex [5] May 1316, bur Walden Abbey, Essex). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the birth "apud Rothelan" in 1282 of "filiam…Elizabetham" to "Alienora regina Angliæ"[475]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Jan and "Elizabeth…Eduardi regis filia", recording in a later passage that she returned to England after her husband died and married (secondly) "comes Erffordie"[476]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage "in festo Sanctæ Katerinæ…apud Caversham juxta Redyng" in 1302 of "Margareta filia regis Angliæ, comitissa Hoylandiæ et Salondiæ" and "domino Humfrido de Bohun comiti Herefordiæ"[477]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Jan and "Elizabeth…Eduardi regis filia", recording in a later passage that she returned to England after her husband died and married (secondly) "comes Erffordie"[478]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” married “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that she was buried “apud Waldene”[479]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Quenden” of “quædam filia” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ” during whose birth her mother died, and in a later passage her burial at Waldon[480]. Earl Humphrey & his wife had ten children:

a) MARGARET de Bohun ([Tinehmue] 1303-). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Tinehmue” of “Margareta primogenita” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[481]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that the first Margaret died young[482].

b) HUMPHREY de Bohun (Knaresborough [1304]-10 Sep 1304). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Knaresburgh” of “Humfridus filius suus primogenitus” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[483]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that the first Humphrey died 10 Sep 1304[484].

c) JOHN de Bohun (St Clements 23 Nov 1306-Kirkby Thore, co. Westmoreland 20 Jan 1336, bur Stratford Abbey near London). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that John was “comes Hereford et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ”[485]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Plesset” of “Johannes” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[486]. He succeeded his father as Earl of Hereford and Essex, hereditary Constable of England but this office was removed from him 26 Oct 1330 in favour of his brother "on account of his infirmity"[487]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death in 1335 of “Johannes sine hærede” and his burial “abbatiam de Stratford”[488]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the death of “comes Johannes”, after the death of his brother Edward, “apud Kirkeby Thore sine hærede in festo sanctorum Fabiani et Sebastiani” in 1335 and his burial “in abbathia de Stratford iuxta London”[489]. m firstly (Papal dispensation Feb 1325) ALICE FitzAlan, daughter of EDMUND FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his wife Alice de Warenne of Surrey (-bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the marriage of “Johannes de Bohun comes”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and “Aliciam filiam domini Edmundi comitis Arundeliæ” after the death of his father, and her burial at Walden[490]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Alicia Arundell” as the wife of “Johannes de Boon, comes Herefordiæ et Essexiæ” and records that she was buried at Walden[491]. m secondly MARGARET Basset, daughter of RALPH Basset Lord Basset of Drayton & his wife Joan de Grey of Wilton (-after 1 Dec 1347). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the second marriage of “Johannes de Bohun comes”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and “Margaretam filiam domini Radulphi Basset” after the death of his first wife[492].

d) HUMPHREY de Bohun (Longmaban, Scotland [1309]-Pleshey 15 Oct 1361, bur London, Church of the Friars Augustine). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that the second Humphrey was “comes Hereford et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and was unmarried[493]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Longmaban in Scotia” of “Humfridus” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[494]. He succeeded his brother in 1336 as Earl of Hereford and Essex. He granted the office of Constable of England to his brother William for life 12 Jun 1338[495], but it presumably reverted to Earl Humphrey when his brother died in 1360. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1361 XVIII Kal Nov” of “Humfridus” at London and his burial “in ecclesia fratrum sancti Augustini”[496]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the death of “Humfredus decimus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essexiæ, ac dominus Breconiæ” in 1361 “apud Pleysis sine hærede” and his burial “Londini apud Fratres Augustinos”[497].

e) EDWARD de Bohun (Caldecot [1312]-Low Malden castle, Scotland [10] Nov 1334, bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Edward and William were “nati ad unum tempus” and that Edward died “in Scotia” and was buried “apud Waldene”[498]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Caldecot” of “duo gemelli…Edwardus et Willielmus” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[499]. Twin with his brother William. He replaced his brother as Constable of England 26 Oct 1330 on account of his brother's infirmity[500]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death in 1333 “ad castrum de Low-Malden” of “Edwardus de Boun miles”, drowned, and his burial “apud Walton”[501]. He was drowned in Scotland when trying to rescue one of his followers[502]. m MARGARET de Ros, daughter of WILLIAM de Ros & his wife Matilda des Vaux (-bur Walden Abbey). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Margareta le Roos” as the wife of “Edwardus de Boon” and records that she was buried at Walden with her husband[503].

f) WILLIAM de Bohun (Caldecot [1312]-16 Sep 1360, bur Walden Abbey, Essex). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Edward and William were “nati ad unum tempus” and that King Edward III invested William as Earl of Northampton after the death of his brother John[504]. Earl of Northampton.

- see below.

g) ELEANOR de Bohun (-7 Oct 1363). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Eleanor married firstly (after the death of her father) “domino Jacobo le Botyler Hiberniæ”, who was created “comitem de Urmond” by King Edward III[505]. m firstly (1327) JAMES Butler, son of EDMUND Butler [Le Botiller] & his wife Joan FitzGerald of Kildare ([1305]-[Jan/Feb] 1338, bur Gowran, co. Kilkenny). He was created Earl of Ormond Oct 1328. m secondly (licence 24 Jan 1344, before 20 Apr 1344) Sir THOMAS de Dagworth, son of JOHN de Dagworth of Dagworth, Suffolk & his wife Alice FitzWarin (after 1292-killed in battle Aurai, Brittany [Jul/Aug] 1350). He was created Lord Dagworth 13 Nov 1347.

h) MARGARET de Bohun (-16 Dec 1391, bur Exeter Cathedral). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that the second Margaret married (after the death of her father) “domino Hugoni de Cortney…comitem de Devonschire”[506]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Ford Abbey records the marriage ”1325 III Id Aug” of “Hugonem tertium” and “dominæ Margaretæ filiæ comitis Herefordiæ domini Humphredi de Bohun”, adding that her mother was “dominam Elizabetham…regis…Edwardi…primi filiam”[507]. m (contract [1314/15], 11 Aug 1325) HUGH de Courtenay, son of HUGH de Courtenay Lord Courtenay [later Earl of Devon] & his wife Agnes de St John (12 Jul 1303-2 May 1377, bur Exeter Cathedral). He was summoned to parliament 23 Apr 1337, whereby he is held to have become Lord Courtenay. He succeeded his father in 1340 as Earl of Devon.

i) ENEAS de Bohun ([1313/15]-Kimbolton [29 Sep] 1331, bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Eneas died after his father and was buried “apud Waldene”[508]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud ---” of “Eneas” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[509]. He is mentioned in his father's will, but deceased in the 19 Jan 1344 ordination of the chantry of his brother William[510]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1331 circa festum sancti Michaelis…apud Kymbolton” of “Æneas de Bohun” and his burial at Walden[511].

j) ISABEL de Bohun (Quendon [5] May 1316-young, bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Isabel died young[512]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Quenden” of “quædam filia” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ” during whose birth her mother died, and in a later passage the burial of mother and child at Walden[513].

WILLIAM de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex & his wife Elizabeth of England (Caldecot [1312]-16 Sep 1360, bur Walden Abbey, Essex). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names (in order) “Margareta…Humfredus…Johannes…Humfredus decimus…Edwardus et Willielmus…Alianora, Margareta secunda, Eneas, Isabella” as the six sons and four daughters of “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” and his wife “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that Edward and William were “nati ad unum tempus” and that King Edward III invested William as Earl of Northampton after the death of his brother John[514]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Caldecot” of “duo gemelli…Edwardus et Willielmus” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ”[515]. Twin with his brother Edward. He was created Earl of Northampton 16 Mar 1337. His brother Humphrey granted him the office of Constable of England for life 12 Jun 1338[516]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the death of “Willielmus de Bohun…comes Northamtoniæ et constabularius Angliæ” 16 Sep 1350 (an error in the document, corrected when the text records the death of William´s brother Humphrey in 1361 “unum annum, unum mensem et quinque dies” after his brother died) and his burial “apud Waldene”[517].

m (licence 1335) as her second husband, ELIZABETH de Badlesmere, widow of Sir EDMUND Mortimer Lord Mortimer, daughter of BARTHOLOMEW de Badlesmere Lord Badlesmere & his wife --- ([1313]-8 Jun 1355[518]). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records the marriage of “Willielmus de Bohun”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and “Elizabetham filiam domini Bartholomei de Badlesmere”, previously married to “domino Edmundo de Mortuomari”[519].

Earl William & his wife had two children:

1. HUMPHREY de Bohun (25 Mar 1342-16 Jan 1373, bur Walden Abbey). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus undecimus et una filia…Elizabetha” as the children of “Willielmus de Bohun”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and his wife “Elizabetham filiam domini Bartholomei de Badlesmere”[520]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Humfredus filius domini Willielmi de Bohun, comitis de Northampton” succeeded his uncle[521]. He succeeded his father in 1360 as Earl of Northampton. He succeeded his uncle in 1361 as Earl of Hereford and Essex, hereditary Constable of England. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1372 VII die Jan” of “Humfredus de Bohun” and his burial at Walden[522]. m (after 9 Sep 1359) JOAN FitzAlan, daughter of RICHARD FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his second wife Eleanor of Lancaster ([1347]-7 Apr 1419, bur Walden Abbey). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the marriage of “Humfredus filius domini Willielmi de Bohun, comitis de Northampton” and “dominam Joannam filiam comitis Arundellæ”[523]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus undecimus” married “Johannam filiam Richardi comitis Arundeliæ et de Surreia”[524]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “VII Id Apr 1419” of “Johanna filia comitis Arundel” and her burial with her husband at Walden[525]. Earl Humphrey & his wife had two children:

a) ELEANOR de Bohun ([1366]-Minoresses’ Convent, Aldgate, London 3 Oct 1399, bur Westminster Abbey). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Alianoram…et Mariam” as the two daughters of “Humfredus filius domini Willielmi de Bohun, comitis de Northampton” and his wife “dominam Joannam filiam comitis Arundellæ”, adding that Eleanor was wife of “domino Thomæ de Woodstock…regis Angliæ Edwardi tertii filio, duci Gloucestriæ et comiti Buckinghamiæ”[526]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “1399 V Non Oct” of “Elianora ducissa Gloucestriæ” and her burial at Westminster[527]. m (before 8 Feb 1376) THOMAS of Woodstock, son of EDWARD III King of England & his wife Philippa de Hainaut (Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire 7 Jan 1355-murdered Prince’s Inn, Calais 8/9 Sep 1397, bur Pleshy, Essex, Collegiate Church of the Holy Trinity). He was recognised as Constable of England, de iure uxoris. He was created Earl of Buckingham 16 Jul 1377. He succeeded as Earl of Essex 22 Jun 1380, in right of his wife after she came of age. He was created Duke of Gloucester 6 Aug 1385.

b) MARY de Bohun ([1369/70]-Peterborough Castle 4 Jun 1394, bur Leicester, St Mary’s Church, later removed to Trinity Hospital Leicester). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Alianoram…et Mariam” as the two daughters of “Humfredus filius domini Willielmi de Bohun, comitis de Northampton” and his wife “dominam Joannam filiam comitis Arundellæ”, adding that Mary was wife of “Henrici comiti de Derbi, domini Johannes de Gant ducis Lancastriæ filio”[528]. She died in childbirth. m (Rochford, Essex or Arundel Castle, Sussex [20 Jul 1380/10 Feb 1381]) as his first wife, HENRY "of Bolingbroke" Earl of Derby, son of JOHN "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster & his first wife Blanche of Lancaster (Bolingbroke Castle, Lincolnshire [3] Apr 1367-Jerusalem Chamber, Westminster Abbey 20 Mar 1413, bur Canterbury Cathedral). He was created Earl of Northampton and Earl of Hereford in right of his wife 22 Dec 1384. He succeeded in 1399 as HENRY IV King of England.

2. ELIZABETH de Bohun (-3 Apr 1385, bur Lewes). A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Humfredus undecimus et una filia…Elizabetha” as the children of “Willielmus de Bohun”, son of “Humfredus octavus”, and his wife “Elizabetham filiam domini Bartholomei de Badlesmere”, adding that Elizabeth married “Richardo filio et hærede [Richardi] comitis Arundeliæ”[529]. m (contract 28 Sep 1359, Papal dispensation Sep 1359) as his first wife, RICHARD FitzAlan, son of RICHARD FitzAlan Earl of Arundel & his second wife Eleanor of Lancaster (1346-beheaded Cheapside 21 Sep 1397, bur Church of the Augustine Friars, Bread Street, London). He succeeded his father in 1376 as Earl of Arundel.

Chapter 3. HUNTINGDON

The counties of Huntingdon and Northampton had a special connection with Northumberland, at least from the mid-11th century. The earldom of Huntingdon appears to have been part of the domains held by Harold Godwinson (later Harold II King of England) in 1051. Huntingdon was granted soon afterwards to Siward Earl of Northumbria (see ANGLO-SAXON NOBILITY). When Earl Siward died in 1055, the earldom of Northampton was granted, with Northumbria, to Tostig Godwinson. Waltheof, son of Earl Siward, became Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton in succession to Earl Tostig after the latter was banished in Oct 1065. While Waltheof is not known to have opposed the Norman conquest, he was taken to Normandy in 1067 when his earldom was presumably forfeited. He submitted to William I King of England in Jan 1070 when his earldom was returned, this being the only example of a pre-conquest earldom being restored to the non-Norman pre-conquest holder of the title. The earldom was presumably forfeited again after Earl Waltheof's rebellion in 1075, but was restored in favour of his son-in-law Simon de Senlis in [1087/90], although the Complete Peerage cites no evidence for the grant[530]. The earldom passed to David I King of Scotland when he married Earl Simon's widow in 1113, passing over the legitimate heir who was Earl Simon's infant son, and to King David's son Henry in 1136. The Northumberland connection was reinforced when King Stephen alienated the county to David I King of Scotland as part of the peace treaty between the two countries in 1139 which followed the battle of the Standard. Empress Matilda's [1142] charter to Aubrey de Vere, concerning his own elevation to the peerage, suggests that Cambridgeshire was also considered within the same sphere of influence, as she accorded the earldom of Cambridgeshire to Aubrey "unless that county were held by the King of the Scots"[531]. In addition, David of Scotland Earl of Huntingdon was recognised as Earl of Cambridge by receiving the third penny of the county on 23 May 1205[532]. During the English civil war between King Stephen and Empress Matilda, the king of Scotland supported the latter and it appears that the earldom was forfeited yet again. In [1140/41], Simon de Senlis, son of the earlier Earl Simon, was created Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton by King Stephen, regularising the succession to the earldom. The rightful heir was by-passed a second time in 1157 when Henry II King of England granted the earldom to Malcolm IV King of Scotland. Simon de Senlis was recognised as earl in 1174, but after his death in 1185 the earldom passed once more to the Scottish royal family.

A. EARLS of HUNTINGDON 1070-1075 (family of WALTHEOF of NORTHUMBRIA)

WALTHEOF , son of SIWARD Earl of Northumbria & his wife Ælfled of Northumbria (-executed St Giles's Hill, Winchester 31 May 1076, bur Crowland Abbey[533]). His parentage is recorded by Roger of Hoveden[534]. Matthew of Paris specifies that he was the son of Siward, of Danish origin [535]. Snorre names “Earl Valthiof”, although stating that he was the son of “Earl Gudin Ulfnadson” and “Earl Ulf´s sister Gyda”[536]. He was installed as Earl of Huntingdon and Northamptonshire after Tostig Godwinson was banished in Oct 1065. Snorre recounts that “Earl Morukare and…Earl Valthiof” failed to prevent Harald III King of Norway after landing on the river Humber in 1066 in a battle “upon the Wednesday next Mathias´ day”, adding that “Earl Valthiof…fled up to the castle of York”[537]. Snorre also recounts that “Earl Valthiof” took part in the battle of Hastings and “escaped by flight”, seriously condensing his account of Waltheof´s subsequent career when he adds that King William “sent a message to Earl Valthiof that they should be reconciled” but that he was captured “at a heath north of Kastala-bryggia…put…in fetters and afterwards he was beheaded”[538]. Snorre´s narrative includes two fragments of a poem in praise of Waltheof, presumably written contemporarily with Waltheof´s life. Jonathan Allen suggests that Waltheof himself may have patronised an Icelandic skald (court poet) whose work was eventually passed through to Snorre, providing interesting evidence of the persistence of Scandinavian culture in England in the second half of the 11th century[539]. Florence of Worcester records that "Waltheofum Siwardi ducis filius" went with King William to Normandy 21 Feb [1067][540]. Orderic Vitalis records that, in 1069, Waltheof assisted the Danes in their attack on the Norman garrison at York, but that he was pardoned by the king who arranged Waltheof's marriage and restored him to his pre-conquest earldom[541]. Simeon of Durham records that "Waltheu the son of earl Siward…by Elfleda daughter of Earl Aldred" was installed as Earl of Northumberland after the earldom was confiscated from Gospatrick [in 1072][542]. Earl Waltheof joined the conspiracy of the Earls of Norfolk and Hereford against King William in 1075, repented and asked for the king's pardon, but was tried at Westminster at Christmas 1075, imprisoned at Winchester and, after the trial resumed there, beheaded[543]. Florence of Worcester records that "comitumque Waltheofum" joined the conspiracy of William Earl of Hereford and Ralph Earl of Norfolk in [1074] but was tried and beheaded at Winchester the following year[544].

m (1070) JUDITH de Lens, daughter of LAMBERT de Boulogne Comte de Lens & his wife Adelais de Normandie (1054-after 1086). Her marriage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis who calls her the king's "consobrina"[545]. A manuscript records that “Juditha comitissa…uxor Waldevi comitis Huntingdon, et neptis Gulielmi Conquestoris” founded Elstow priory[546]. Her parentage is further clarified by the foundation charter of Saint-Martin d´Auchy narrates the church´s foundation by “Guerinfrido qui condidit castellum…Albamarla” and names “Engueranni consulis qui filius fuit Berte supradicti Guerinfridi filie et Adelidis comitisse uxoris sue sororis…Willelmi Regis Anglorum” and “Addelidis comitissa supradicti Engueranni et supradicte Adelidis filia…Judita comitissa domine supradicte filia”[547]. The Vita et Passio Waldevi Comitis records that “Waldevus” married “rex Willelmus…neptem suam Juettam filiam comitis Lamberti de Lens, sororem…Stephani comitis de Albemarlia”[548]. Orderic Vitalis says Waltheof's marriage with Judith was arranged by King William "to strengthen the bonds of friendship" with her future husband[549]. She deposed against her husband when he was accused of involvement in the conspiracy of the Earls of Norfolk and Hereford in 1075[550].

Earl Waltheof & his wife had two children:

1. MATILDA [Maud] of Huntingdon ([1071/74]-[23 Apr 1130/22 Apr 1131], bur Scone Abbey, Perthshire). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the marriage of Matilda eldest daughter of Judith and "Earl Simon[551]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that the eldest of the three daughters of Waltheof & his wife married "Simon de Senlis" and later "David frère de la seconde Mathilde reine des Anglais"[552]. Her parents are named by Orderic Vitalis[553]. Robert of Torigny records that the wife of "David [rex Scotiæ] frater [Alexandri]" was "filiam Gallevi comitis et Judith consobrini regis", naming "Symon Silvanectensis comes" as her first husband[554]. "Matilde comitisse, Henrico filio comitis…" witnessed the charter dated to [1120] under which "David comes filius Malcolmi Regis Scottorum" founded the abbey of Selkirk[555]. "Matildis comitissa…" witnessed inquisitions by "David…Cumbrensis regionis princeps", dated 1124, concerning land owned by the church of Glasgow[556]. m firstly ([1090]) SIMON de Senlis [St Lis], son of [RANULF "the Rich" & his wife --- (-Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire 1111). Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton de iure uxoris. m secondly (1113) DAVID of Scotland Prince of Cumbria, son of MALCOLM III "Caennmor/Bighead" King of Scotland & his wife Margaret of England ([1080]-Carlisle 24 May 1153, bur Dunfermline Abbey, Fife). Earl of Northampton and Huntingdon de iure uxoris. He succeeded his brother in 1124 as DAVID I King of Scotland.

2. ADELISA of Huntingdon ([1073/76]-after [1126]). Her parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who also records her marriage and names her two sons and indicates she had "several daughters" without naming them[557]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Judith daughter of Waltheof and his wife married "Raoul de Ternois"[558]. Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the marriage of Alice younger daughter of Judith and "Rodolph de Tournay", her dowry being "the lordship of Wilchamstowe"[559]. She inherited Walthamstow, Essex[560]. m (1103) RAOUL de Tosny Seigneur de Tosny et de Conques, son of RAOUL [II] de Tosny & his wife Isabelle de Montfort (-[1126], bur Conques Saint-Pierre).

B. EARLS of HUNTINGDON (family of SIMON de SENLIS)

1. RANULF "the Rich", son of ---. m ---. The name of Ranulf's wife is not known. Ranulf & his wife had two children:

a) WARNER . A manuscript narrating the foundation of St Andrew´s Priory, Northampton records that “duo fratres…Garnerius dictus le Ryche et Simon de Seynlyz filii Raundoel le Ryche” accompanied William “the Conqueror” to England, adding that Warner returned to France after the death of his father to assume his inheritance[561]. m ---. The name of Warner´s wife is not known. Warner & his wife had four children:

i) JOHN . “Symon et uxor mea Matildis” founded the St Andrew´s, Northampton by undated charter, subscribed by “…Johannis nepotis comitis…Symonis nepotis comitis, Warneri nepotis comitis…Petri nepotis comitis…”[562].

ii) SIMON . “Symon et uxor mea Matildis” founded the St Andrew´s, Northampton by undated charter, subscribed by “…Johannis nepotis comitis…Symonis nepotis comitis, Warneri nepotis comitis…Petri nepotis comitis…”[563].

iii) WARNER . “Symon et uxor mea Matildis” founded the St Andrew´s, Northampton by undated charter, subscribed by “…Johannis nepotis comitis…Symonis nepotis comitis, Warneri nepotis comitis…Petri nepotis comitis…”[564].

iv) PETER . “Symon et uxor mea Matildis” founded the St Andrew´s, Northampton by undated charter, subscribed by “…Johannis nepotis comitis…Symonis nepotis comitis, Warneri nepotis comitis…Petri nepotis comitis…”[565].

b) SIMON de Senlis [St Lis] (-Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire [1111], bur Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire). A manuscript narrating the foundation of St Andrew´s Priory, Northampton records that “duo fratres…Garnerius dictus le Ryche et Simon de Seynlyz filii Raundoel le Ryche” accompanied William “the Conqueror” to England[566]. He was created Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton in [1087/90] after his marriage, presumably de iure uxoris, although his late father-in-law's earldom must have been forfeited in [1075] implying that a new grant would have been necessary. He witnessed a charter to Bath Abbey as "Earl Simon" in 1090[567]. He built the castle of Northampton. “Symon et uxor mea Matildis” founded the St Andrew´s, Northampton by undated charter, subscribed by “…Johannis nepotis comitis…Symonis nepotis comitis, Warneri nepotis comitis…Petri nepotis comitis…”[568]. "…Symonis comitis…" subscribed a charter dated 14 Sep 1101 under which Henry I King of England donated property to Bath St Peter[569]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of St Andrew´s Priory, Northampton records that Simon died “apud Caritatem” while returning from a journey to “terram sanctam” and was buried there[570]. m ([1087/90]) as her first husband, MATILDA [Maud] of Huntingdon, daughter of WALTHEOF Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland & his wife Judith de Lens [Boulogne] ([1071/76]-[23 Apr 1130/22 Apr 1131], bur Scone Abbey, Perthshire). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the marriage of Matilda eldest daughter of Judith and "Earl Simon[571]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that the eldest of the three daughters of Waltheof & his wife married "Simon de Senlis" and later "David frère de la seconde Mathilde reine des Anglais"[572]. Her parents are named by Orderic Vitalis[573]. She married secondly (1113) David of Scotland Prince of Cumbria, who succeeded in 1124 as David I King of Scotland. Robert of Torigny records that the wife of "David [rex Scotiæ] frater [Alexandri]" was "filiam Gallevi comitis et Judith consobrini regis", naming "Symon Silvanectensis comes" as her first husband[574]. "Matilde comitisse, Henrico filio comitis…" witnessed the charter dated to [1120] under which "David comes filius Malcolmi Regis Scottorum" founded the abbey of Selkirk[575]. "Matildis comitissa…" witnessed inquisitions by "David…Cumbrensis regionis princeps", dated 1124, concerning land owned by the church of Glasgow[576]. Earl Simon & his wife had four children:

i) SIMON de Senlis (-Aug 1153, bur St Andrew's Priory). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland names "Simon, Waldev and Matilda" as the children of Simon Earl of Huntingdon and his wife Matilda, commenting that they "are still young and in their infancy"[577]. He was restored as Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton [before 1141].

- see below.

ii) WALTHEOF de Senlis (-3 Aug 1159[578]). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland names "Simon, Waldev and Matilda" as the children of Simon Earl of Huntingdon and his wife Matilda, commenting that they "are still young and in their infancy"[579]. "…Waldef filio Reginæ…" witnessed a charter dated to [1128] by which "David…Rex Scottorum" made grants to the church of St John in the castle of Roxburgh[580]. Prior of Kirkham. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Thornton Abbey records that it was founded in 1139 by “Willielmus Grose comes Albermarliæ”, and that “cognati sui Wallevi, prioris de Kyrkham…fratris Simonis comitis Northamtoniæ” arranged the arrival of the first monks[581]. The relationship between the two was through Judith de Lens, maternal grandmother of Waltheof, who was uterine sister of Guillaume´s father. He was installed as second Abbot of Melrose in 1148[582].

iii) MAUD de Senlis (-before 1163). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland names "Simon, Waldev and Matilda" as the children of Simon Earl of Huntingdon and his wife Matilda, commenting that they "are still young and in their infancy"[583]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Daventre priory records that “Symonis de Seynliz” had two sisters “quarum una…Matildis Seynliz” married “Robertus filius Ricardi”[584]. A manuscript history of the foundation of Dunmow Priory records the marriage in 1112 of “Robertus filius Ricardi” and “Matildam de Sancto Lisio”, although the dating of events in this source appears shaky[585]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. A manuscript history of the foundation of Dunmow Priory records the death in 1140 of “Matildis de Sancto Licio uxor Roberti filii Ricardi”, although the dating of events in this source appears shaky[586]. m firstly ([1112]) ROBERT FitzRichard de Clare Lord of Dunmow, son of RICHARD Lord of Clare and Tonbridge & his wife Rohese Giffard (-[1134], bur Priory of St Neot). m secondly (1136) SAHER de Quincy, son of --- (-[1156/58]).

iv) daughter . A manuscript narrating the foundation of Daventre priory records that “Symonis de Seynliz” had two sisters “quarum una…Matildis Seynliz” married “Robertus filius Ricardi”, but does not name the second sister[587].

SIMON de Senlis, son of SIMON de Senlis Earl of Huntingdon & his wife Matilda of Huntingdon (-Aug 1153, bur St Andrew's Priory). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland names "Simon, Waldev and Matilda" as the children of Simon Earl of Huntingdon and his wife Matilda, commenting that they "are still young and in their infancy"[588]. After his father died, he was passed over as earl in favour of his stepfather. However, he was restored as Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton [before 1141] by Stephen King of England for whom he fought at Lincoln in Feb 1141[589]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of St Andrew´s Priory, Northampton records that “Simon de Seynlyz junior” founded “abbatiam beatæ Mariæ de Pratis juxta Northampton”[590]. A charter of King Edward III confirmed the donations to the Abbey of De la Pre, founded by “Simon comes de Norhamtona”, for the soul of “Gervasii Paynel fratris mei”, by undated charter[591]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1153 of "Symone comite Huntedoniæ"[592]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “comes de Norhamptone” died in 1153[593].

m as her first husband, ISABELLE de Beaumont, daughter of ROBERT de Beaumont Earl of Leicester & his wife Amicie de Gaël . Robert of Torigny refers to the wife of "Symone comite Huntedoniæ" as "filia Roberti comitis Legecestriæ" but does not name her[594]. "R. comes Legrecestrie" granted tithes to "Isabele comitisse de Norhamtone sororis mee" by charter dated to the middle of the reign of King Henry II[595]. "I. comitissa Northamptonie" donated land at Groby to Nuneaton priory, for the souls of "patris mei et fratris mei R. comitis Legrecestrie" by charter dated to the middle of the reign of King Henry II[596]. She married secondly Gervase Paynell Baron of Dudley. Her second marriage is confirmed by charter dated 1187 under which “Gervasius Paganellus” donated property to Tykford Priory, with the consent of “uxoris meæ Isabellæ comitissæ de Norhamton”, which names “Fulcodius Paganellus avus meus et Radulfus Paganellus pater meus”, witnessed by “Simone comite Northamptoniæ, Isabella comitissa matre eius”[597].

Earl Simon & his wife had four children:

1. SIMON de Senlis ([1138]-Jun 1184, bur St Andrew's Priory). Robert of Torigny records that "Symon filius eius" succeeded on the death in 1153 of "Symone comite Huntedoniæ"[598]. He was recognised as Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton in 1174. “Simon comes de Norhamtonia” donated property to Ramsey Abbey, Huntingdonshire by charter dated 28 Mar 1175, witnessed by “Simon fratre comitis…”[599]. m ALICE de Gand, daughter of GILBERT de Gand Earl of Lincoln & his wife Rohese de Clare (-1238, bur Bridlington). Robert of Torigny records that "filiam eius unicam [Gisleberti de Gant]" married "Symon iuvenis filius comitis Symonis"[600]. The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey names “Aliciam” as the daughter of ”Gilbertus”, adding that she married “Simon de Monteforti comes Noramtoniæ”[601]. A manuscript genealogy of the Gant family names “Aliciam” as the daughter of “Gilbertus”, adding that she married “Simoni de sancto Licio, comiti Huntingtoniæ et Northamptoniæ”, died childless, and was buried “apud Bredlinton”[602]. "A. comitissa Norhamtunie filia Gilleberti comes Lincolnie" confirmed the donation of land in Scampton to Kirkstead abbey by "Radulfus filius Gilleberti", for the health of "sponsi mei Simonis comitis", by charter dated to early in the reign of King Henry II[603]. Simon & his wife had two children:

a) GUNNOR . The Stemma fundatoris of Bardney Abbey names “Gonorram” as the daughter of “Simon de Monteforti comes Noramtoniæ” and his wife Alice, adding that she died without heirs[604].

b) [605]SIMON de Senlis (-young). “Simon de sancto Licio frater comitis Symonis” donated property to the Abbey of De la Pre, Northamptonshire, for the soul of “Symonis nepotis mei”, by undated charter witnessed by “comitissa Adelyz de Gaund…”[606].

2. [607]AMICE de Senlis .

3. [608]HAWISE de Senlis .

4. [609]ISABELLE de Senlis . m WILLIAM Mauduit, camerarius of Hanslope, son of WILLIAM Mauduit & his wife Matilda of Hanslope (-1194).

Earl Simon had one [probably illegitimate] son [by an unknown mistress]:

5. SIMON de Senlis (-after 28 Mar 1175). “Simon comes de Norhamtonia” donated property to Ramsey Abbey, Huntingdonshire by charter dated 28 Mar 1175, witnessed by “Simon fratre comitis…”[610]. “Simon de sancto Licio frater comitis Symonis” donated property to the Abbey of De la Pre, Northamptonshire, for the soul of “Symonis nepotis mei”, by undated charter witnessed by “comitissa Adelyz de Gaund…”[611]. It is assumed that Simon was illegitimate, which appears to be the most likely explanation for his having the same name as his brother.

Chapter 4. KENT

William I King of England rewarded his half-brother Eudes for his help in preparing the Norman invasion of England by granting him extensive lands and creating him Earl of Kent in 1067. His earldom was forfeited twice, in 1082 and 1088, following his rebellions. The earldom of Kent was not granted again until 1227 when Hubert de Burgh was created earl by King Henry III. After the death of Earl Hubert in 1243 the earldom remained vacant for another 80 years before it was granted by King Edward II to his half-brother Edmund of Woodstock.

A. EARL of KENT 1067-1088 (family of HERLUIN de Conteville)

1. EUDES [Odo], son of HERLUIN Vicomte de Conteville & his first wife Herleve --- (-Palermo [2/6] Jan 1097, bur Palermo Cathedral). His parentage is given by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that he was the half-brother of William I King of England[612]. Named by Florence of Worcester as the brother of King William I "but only on his mother's side"[613]. His half-brother invested him as Bishop of Bayeux on the death of Bishop Hugues, son of Raoul d'Ivry Comte de Bayeux[614] in 1050. He is said to have taken an active part in the preparation of the Norman invasion of England and was present at the battle of Hastings 23 Oct 1066. His half-brother William I King of England rewarded him with a grant of over 500 manors in England and created him Earl of Kent in 1067[615]. He was one of the leaders of the force which suppressed the rebellion of the Earls of Norfolk and Hereford in 1075[616]. He began scheming to become Pope, sending great gifts to influential men in Rome, but was arrested by King William and sent to Normandy where he was a prisoner in Rouen between 1082 and 1087[617]. He was released by King William on his deathbed[618]. Although King William II restored Odo to his Earldom, he was one of the leaders of the rebellion in 1088 which sought to put Robert Duke of Normandy on the English throne[619]. He was banished from England and all his honours and possessions forfeited. He became chief adviser to Duke Robert in Normandy, accompanying him on the First Crusade but dying en route in Palermo[620].

B. EARL of KENT 1227-1243 (HUBERT de Burgh)

---. It has been proposed[621] that the father of Hubert de Burgh was Walter de Burgh, of Burgh-next-Aylsham, Norfolk.

m ALICE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

--- de Burgh & his wife had four children:

1. WILLIAM de Burgh (-[1205/06]). His parentage is confirmed by his son Richard calling Hubert de Burgh Earl of Kent his uncle[622]. Lord of Connaught.

- LORDS of CONNAUGHT.

2. HUBERT de Burgh (-Banstead, Surrey 12 May 1243, bur London, Church of the Black Friars[623]). He was appointed Chamberlain to John Comte de Mortain (the future John King of England) in or before 1198, holding the office until 1205 except for a brief interlude after the return of King Richard I and before the latter's death. He was seriously wounded at the siege of castle of Chinon in Normandy in 1205, which may account for the loss of his public offices and his temporary disappearance from the records. The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Hubertus de Burgo" holding 15 knights´ fees in Dorset, Somerset in [1210/12][624]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Hubertus de Burgo" holding 17 knights´ fees "cum hærede R. de Bello Campo" in Dorset, Somerset in [1210/12][625]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Hubertus de Burgo" held "Stok de domino rege cum herede Roberti de Bello Campo per servicium ii militum de feodo Moretonie…hundredum de Tinterell" in Somerset[626]. As Hubert at that date still appears to have been married to Beatrice de Warenne, it is assumed that he was holding these knights´ fees by virtue of the right to arrange the marriage of the heiress, not that he was married to her himself. He remained a powerful supporter of King John, siding with the king against the barons at the signing of Magna Carta in 1215. He successfully defended Dover Castle against Louis de France who had invaded England in 1216, and was a party to the treaty of peace made with Louis 11 Sep 1217 before he left England. Hubert became the most powerful official in England during the minority of King Henry III and was created Earl of Kent 19 Feb 1227 immediately after the king came of age. His downfall came in 1232, when he was deprived of his earldom and imprisoned in the Tower. He was pardoned and restored in 1234, but thereafter took little part in public life[627]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "III Id Mai" of "Hubertus de Burgo comes Cantiæ"[628]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in 1243 of “Hubertus de Burgo apud Banstude, comes de Kent”[629]. [630]Betrothed (agreement confirmed 28 Apr 1200) to JOAN de Vernon, daughter of WILLIAM de Vernon [Reviers] Earl of Devon & his wife Mabile de Meulan (-after 1233). m firstly (after 1205) as her third husband, BEATRICE de Warenne, widow firstly of RALPH, and secondly of DOON Bardolf Lord of Shelford, daughter of WILLIAM de Warenne of Wormegay, Norfolk & his first wife Beatrix de Pierrepont (-before 12 Dec 1214). Her third marriage is suggested by the Testa de Nevill which includes a writ of King John dated 1212 recording that "Gaufridus de Merlai" held "quoddam feodum in Illington" in Norfolk "de Huberto de Burgo per heredum Willelmi de Warenne uxorem suam", adding that Henry II King of England had granted the property to "Reginaldo de Warrenn"[631]. m secondly ([Sep] 1217) as her third husband, ISABEL [Avise] Countess of Gloucester, divorced wife (firstly) of JOHN King of England and widow (secondly) of GEOFFREY de Mandeville Earl of Essex, daughter of WILLIAM FitzRobert 2^nd Earl of Gloucester & his wife Avise de Beaumont ([before 1176]-14 Oct or [18 Nov] 1217, bur Canterbury Cathedral Church). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the second marriage of “Isabellam” and “Galfrido de Mandevile comiti Essexiæ”, and her third marriage to “Huberto de Burgo justiciario Angliæ”[632]. Her lands and title were confiscated on the death of her second husband, who died a rebel. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1217 of “Isabel comitissa Gloucestriæ”[633]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Johannam comitissam Gloucestriæ” died “paucos dies” after her marriage to “Hubertus de Burgo justiciarius Angliæ” and was buried “apud Cantuarium”[634]. m thirdly (York Jun 1221, divorced 1232) MARGARET of Scotland, daughter of WILLIAM "the Lion" King of Scotland & his wife Ermengarde de Beaumont (1193-1259, bur London, Church of the Black Friars). The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1221 of "Hubertus de Burgo, justiciarius Angliæ" and "sororem regis Scotiæ apud Sanctum Trinitatum Londoniis"[635]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hubertus de Burgo justiciarius domini regis” married “filiam regis [Scotiæ]” in 1222[636]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hubertus de Burgo justiciarius Angliæ” divorced his third wife in 1232, because she was “consanguinea” of his second wife “comitissæ Gloverniæ”, in a prolonged and difficult lawsuit[637]. Earl Hubert & his first wife had one child:

a) JOHN de Burgh (-1271 or after). He was excluded from succeeding his father as Earl of Kent by the terms of the creation of the earldom, succession to which was limited to the issue of his father's third marriage[638]. The Annals of Bermondsey record that King Henry III confirmed the donation by “Johannis filii Huberti de Burgo” of “manerio de Chalk” to the abbey in 1271[639].

Earl Hubert & his third wife had one child:

b) MARGARET de Burgh (1223-Nov 1237). She is named as daughter of Hubert de Burgh by Matthew of Paris, who records the anger of King Henry III at her marriage with "Ricardus comes Gloverniæ" while she was in the king's custody[640]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1237 of "Ricardus heres comitatus Gloverniæ" and "Margaretam filiam Huberti de Burgo comitis Cantiæ" and their divorce immediately afterwards as the marriage had been arranged without the approval of the king[641]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in Nov 1237 of “Margareta filia Huberti de Burgo”[642]. m (secretly 1237, divorced 1237) as his first wife, RICHARD de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hereford, son of GILBERT de Clare 4^th Earl of Hertford, Earl of Gloucester & his wife Isabel Marshal of Pembroke (4 Aug 1222-Ashenfield in Waltham, near Canterbury 15 Jul 1262, bur Tonbridge, transferred 28 Jul 1262 to Tewkesbury).

3. THOMAS de Burgh (-after 1216). The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Thomas de Burgo" holding two knights´ fees in "Burcg et Swafham…de honore Britanniæ" in Norfolk, Suffolk in [1210/12][643]. He was captured by the French at Norwich in 1216 and urged his brother's surrender to Louis at Dover[644]. m ---. The name of Thomas's wife is not known. Thomas & his wife had one child:

a) THOMAS de Burgh (-after 1210). The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Thomas de Burgo filius Thomæ de Burgo" holding one half of one knight´s fee "de honore Britanniæ" in Norfolk, Suffolk in [1210/12][645].

4. [son . It is possible that this son was the same person as Thomas (see above).] m ---. One child:

a) RAYMOND de Burgh of Dartford, Kent (-drowned 1230, bur Dover). Matthew of Paris names Raymond as "nepos" of Hubert de Burgh but gives no details of his precise parentage[646]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1230 "submersus…in flumine Ligeri" of "Reymundus de Burgo"[647]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Remundus de Burgo” died in 1230[648]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “ultra mare mersus” of “Reimundus de Burgo” and his burial “apud Dovere”[649]. m ([9 Jan/15 May] 1227) as her second husband, CHRISTINE, widow of WILLIAM de Mandeville Earl of Essex, daughter of ROBERT FitzWalter of Woodham Walter Essex & his first wife Gunnor de Valoignes (-before 17 Jun 1232, bur Shouldham Priory). The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hubertus de Burgo…Remundus nepos eius” married “comitissam Essexiæ” in 1227[650]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Cristiana uxore sua, comitissa Essexiæ” was buried with her (first) husband “apud Soldham”[651].

5. GEOFFROY de Burgh (-1228). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that "Galfridus frater Huberti de Burgo iustitiarius" was elected Bishop of Ely[652]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1228 of "Galfridus de Burgo episcopus Eliensis"[653].

6. daughter . m ---. One child:

a) THOMAS de Blunville . The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “J. nepos Huberti de Burgo” was consecrated as Bishop of Norwich in 1226[654].

C. EARLS of KENT 1321-1352 (PLANTAGENET)

EDMUND "of Woodstock", son of EDWARD I King of England & his second wife Marguerite de France (Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire 5 Aug 1301-executed outside Winchester Castle 19 Mar 1330, bur Winchester, Church of the Friars Minor, later transferred to Westminster Abbey). The Annals of Worcester record the birth “Non Aug…apud Wodestok” in 1301 of “regina [filium]…Edmundum”[655]. Summoned to Parliament 1320 as Lord Woodstock. Appointed Keeper of Kent, Dover Castle and the Cinque Ports 16 Jun 1321. Created Earl of Kent 28 Jul 1321. He supported King Edward II, with his brother Thomas, in his campaign against the enemies of the Despenser family in Autumn 1321. He presided at the trial of Thomas Earl of Lancaster at Pontefract Castle 1321. He accompanied Queen Isabelle on her flight to France, and returned with her to England in 1326 to overthrow King Edward II. Created Earl of Arundel 26 Feb 1327, the King also granted him all the forfeited lands of Hugh Despenser in Leicestershire (except the manor of Loughborough). Having received reports that his half-brother Edward II was still alive, he plotted to have him restored to the throne, and was condemned to death for treason. He supported his deposed half-brother King Edward II, and was executed on the orders of Queen Isabella and Mortimer. The Annals of Bermondsey record the beheading 10 Dec 1328 “apud Wyntoniam” of “Edmundus Wodestok comes Kantiæ, avunculus Edwardi regis tertii” betrayed by “Isabellæ reginæ et Rogeri Mortymer comitis Marchiæ”[656]. His earldom was forfeited.

m (Papal dispensation 6 Oct 1325, Dec 1325) as her second husband, MARGARET Wake, widow of JOHN Comyn of Badenoch, daughter of Sir JOHN Wake of Liddel, Cumberland, 1^st Lord Wake & his wife Joan --- ([1299/1300]-from the Black death 29 Sep 1349). She succeeded her brother in 1349 as Baroness Wake.

Edmund Earl of Kent & his wife had four children:

1. EDMUND ([1326]-before 5 Oct 1331). He was restored as Earl of Kent, Lord Woodstock 7 Dec 1330.

2. MARGARET (1327-before 1352). [m AMANIEU Sire d’Albret .]

3. JOAN (29 Sep 1328-Wallingford Castle, Berkshire 8 Aug 1385, bur 29 Jan 1386 Greyfriars Church, Stamford, Lincolnshire, probably later transferred to London). She was known as the Fair Maid of Kent. She separated from her first husband shortly after their marriage, returning to him in [1349] after her second marriage was annulled. She succeeded her brother in 1352 as Countess of Kent, Baroness Woodstock and Baroness Wake, suo iure. m firstly (Spring 1340) Sir THOMAS de Holand of Broughton, Buckinghamshire, son of Sir ROBERT de Holand of Upholland, Lancashire & his wife Maud La Zouche (-in Normandy 26 or 28 Dec 1360, bur Stamford, Church of the Grey Friars). He was summoned to a Council 1353/4 as Lord Holand. He succeeded as Earl of Kent, de iure uxoris. m secondly (bigamously, before 10 Feb 1341, annulled by Papal Bull 17 Nov 1349) as his first wife, WILLIAM de Montagu, son of WILLIAM de Montagu Lord Montagu Earl of Salisbury & his wife Katharine de Grandson (Donyatt, Somerset 20 Jun 1328-3 Jun 1397, bur Bisham). He succeeded his father in 1344 as Earl of Salisbury. m thirdly (Papal dispensation 10 Sep 1361, St Stephen’s Chapel, Palace of Westminster or Canterbury Cathedral or Windsor Castle 10 Oct 1361) EDWARD "of Woodstock" Prince of Wales, son of EDWARD III King of England & his wife Philippa de Hainaut (Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire 15 Jun 1330-Palace of Westminster 8 Jun 1376, bur Canterbury Cathedral, Kent).

4. JOHN (posthumously Arundel Castle, Sussex 7 Apr 1330-26/27 Dec 1352, bur Church of the Grey Friars, Winchester, Hampshire). He succeeded his brother in [1331] as Earl of Kent, Lord Woodstock, receiving livery of all his lands 10 Apr 1351 on coming of age. He succeeded his mother in 1349 as Lord Wake. m (Papal dispensation 3 Apr 1348) as her first husband, ELISABETH von Jülich, daughter of WILHELM V Markgraf von Jülich & his wife Jeanne de Hainaut (-6 Jun 1411, bur Church of the Grey Friars, Winchester, Hampshire). She took a vow of chastity at Waverley Abbey after the death of her first husband, but broke it to marry secondly (Wingham, Kent 29 Sep 1360) Sir Eustace d’Aubréchicourt (-Evreux soon after 1 Dec 1372).

D. EARLS of KENT [1352]-1408 (HOLAND)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

1. HENRY de Holland (-after 1212). The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records "Henricus de Holand" holding land in Lancashire[657].

ROBERT de Holand, son of --- (-1230).

m CICELY Columbers, daughter of ---.

Robert & his wife had one child:

1. THURSTAN de Holand (-1275). m --- Kellet, daughter of ---. Thurston & his wife had one child:

a) Sir ROBERT de Holand (-[1300]). m ELIZABETH de Samlesbury, daughter of WILLIAM de Samlesbury & his wife --- (-after 1311). Sir Robert & his wife had [two] children:

i) Sir ROBERT de Holand of Upholland, Lancashire ([1270]-7 Oct 1328, bur [Preston, Lancs, Grey Friars Church]). He was created Lord Holland 29 Jul 1314.

- see below.

ii) [JANE de Holand . m firstly Sir EDMUND Talbot of Bashall. m secondly Sir HUGH Dutton of Dutton, Cheshire.]

Sir ROBERT de Holand of Upholland, Lancashire, son of Sir ROBERT de Holand & his wife Elizabeth de Samlesbury ([1270]-7 Oct 1328, bur [Preston, Lancs, Grey Friars Church]). He was created Lord Holand 29 Jul 1314.

m ([1311]) MATILDA la Zouche, daughter and co-heiress of ALAN la Zouche of Ashby, Leicestershire, Lord Zouche & his wife [Eleanor de Segrave] (1290-31 May 1349, bur Brackley). The Book of Lacock names “Elam, Matildam, Elizabetham, Rogerum de la Souche” as children of “Alanus de la Souch” and his wife[658].

Sir Robert & his wife had six children:

1. Sir ROBERT de Holand (1312-Hawes, Brackley 16 Mar 1373, bur Brackley, St James's Chapel). He succeeded his father in 1328 as 2^nd Lord Holand. m ELIZABETH, daughter of ---. Robert & his wife had one child:

a) ROBERT de Holand (-Mar 1373 or before). m ([1355]) JOAN [Alice], daughter of ---. Robert & his wife had one child:

i) MAUD de Holand (1356-7 May 1423). She succeeded her grandfather in 1373 as Baroness Holand, suo iure. m ([1372]) JOHN Lord Lovel, son of JOHN Lovel, Lord Lovel & his wife Isabel la Zouche of Haringworth ([1354]-Wardour 10 Sep 1408, bur [Brackley, Northants, Church of St John's Hospital).

2. Sir THOMAS de Holand of Broughton, Buckinghamshire (1314-in Normandy 26 or 28 Dec 1360, bur Stamford, Church of the Grey Friars). He was summoned to a Council 1354 as Lord Holand. He succeeded as Earl of Kent, de iure uxoris.

- see below.

3. MARGARET de Holand (-20/22 Aug 1349). m (before 1326) JOHN La Warre, son of JOHN La Warre Lord La Warre & his wife Joan de Grelley (-before 24 Jun 1331).

4. ALAN de Holand . He owned the manors of Dalbury and Wecksworth, Derbyshire.

5. Sir OTHO de Holand (-[1360/61]).

6. MARY de Holand . m Sir JOHN Tempest of Bracewell, Yorkshire.

Sir THOMAS de Holand of Broughton, Buckinghamshire, son of Sir ROBERT de Holand of Upholland, Lancashire & his wife Maud La Zouche (1314-in Normandy 26 or 28 Dec 1360, bur Stamford, Church of the Grey Friars). He served the king in various military expeditions in Flanders, Bayonne, and Brittany, and fought at the battle of Crécy 26 Aug 1346. During his absence in Prussia, his wife went through a form of marriage with William Montagu Earl of Salisbury. In May 1347, he petitioned Pope Clement VI who ordered Joan to return to Sir Thomas 17 Nov 1349. Appointed Joint Lieutenant and Captain of Normandy 28 Oct 1359, jointly with Philippe de Navarre Comte de Longueville. Summoned to a Council 1353/4 as Lord Holand. He was one of the founder Knights of the Order of the Garter. He succeeded as Earl of Kent, de iure uxoris.

m (1339 or before) as her first husband, JOAN of Kent, daughter of EDMUND Earl of Kent & his wife Margaret Baroness Wake (29 Sep 1328-Wallingford Castle, Berkshire 7, 8 or 21 Aug 1385, bur 29 Jan 1386 Greyfriars Church, Stamford, Lincolnshire, probably later transferred to London). She separated from her first husband shortly after their marriage. She married secondly (bigamously, before 10 Feb 1341, annulled by Papal Bull 17 Nov 1349) as his first wife, William de Montagu. She returned to her first husband in [1349] after her second marriage was annulled. She succeeded her brother in 1352 as Countess of Kent, Baroness Woodstock and Baroness Wake, suo iure. She was known as the Fair Maid of Kent. She married thirdly (Papal dispensation 10 Sep 1361, St Stephen’s Chapel, Palace of Westminster or Canterbury Cathedral or Windsor Castle 10 Oct 1361) Edward "of Woodstock" Prince of Wales.

Earl Thomas & his wife had five children:

1. THOMAS de Holand ([1350]-25 Apr 1397, bur Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire). He succeeded his father as Earl of Kent.

- see below.

2. EDMUND de Holand ([1351/52]-young).

3. JOAN de Holand (1350-Nantes Nov 1384, bur Nantes, Abbaye de Notre dame de Prières). m (London May 1366) as his second wife, JEAN V "le Vaillant" Duke of Brittany, son of JEAN IV Duke of Brittany & his wife Jeanne de Flandre ([Nov/Dec] 1339 or [30 Sep/8 Dec] 1340-Nantes 1/2 Nov 1399, bur Nantes Cathedral).

4. JOHN de Holand (after 1358-executed 9/10 Jan 1400, bur Pleshy, Collegiate Church). Appointed Lieutenant of Ireland in Aug 1382. In [May] 1384, he murdered a Carmelite friar who had charged John of Gaunt with high treason. In Jul 1385, he killed the Earl of Stafford's eldest son, in revenge for the death of his squire who had been killed in a quarrel by one of the Earl of Stafford's archers, but he was pardoned 2 Feb 1386. Appointed Constable of the army which John of Gaunt took to Spain to enforce his claim to the throne of Castile, it was on John de Holand's advice that John abandoned this unsuccessful enterprise. He was created Earl of Huntingdon 2 Jun 1388, and Duke of Exeter 29 Sep 1397. He was accused of complicity in the murder of Thomas Duke of Gloucester 29 Oct 1399. He joined in the plot to seize King Henry IV, but was captured at Prittlewell, Essex and taken to Pleshy Castle where he was executed. He was declared a traitor by Parliament in Jan 1401, and his possessions confiscated and titles forfeited[659]. m (Plymouth 24 Jun 1386) as her second husband, ELIZABETH of Lancaster, divorced wife of JOHN Hastings Earl of Pembroke, daughter of JOHN "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster & his first wife Blanche of Lancaster (Burford, Shropshire before 21 Feb 1363-24 Nov 1425, bur Burford Church, Shropshire). She deserted her first husband, was seduced by her second husband, whom she hurriedly married as she was pregnant. She married thirdly (before 12 Dec 1400) as his second wife, Sir John Cornwall. Duke John & his wife had five children:

a) CONSTANCE de Holand (1387-12 or 14 Nov 1437, bur London, St Katherine´s by the Tower). m firstly (1404) THOMAS Mowbray Duke of Norfolk, son of THOMAS Mowbray Duke of Norfolk & his second wife Elizabeth FitzAlan of Arundel (1385-executed 1405). m secondly (1413) Sir JOHN Grey of Ruthin, son of REYNOLD Grey Lord Grey of Ruthin & his first wife Margaret de Roos of Helmsley, Yorkshire (-27 Aug 1439).

b) RICHARD de Holand (-3 Sep 1400).

c) EDWARD de Holand (-young).

d) ALICE de Holand ([1392]-before 1406). m (before 1400) as his first wife, RICHARD de Vere, son of AUBREY de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Alice FitzWalter ([1385]-15 Feb 1417, bur Earl's Colne). He succeeded his father in 1400 as Earl of Oxford.

e) JOHN de Holand (Dartington, Devon 29 Mar 1395-5 Aug 1447 bur London, Church of St Katharine by the Tower). He was taken prisoner at the battle of Baugé 22 Mar 1421 and remained in captivity for five years[660]. He was created Duke of Exeter 6 Jan 1444. m firstly (before 15 Jul 1427) as her second husband, ANNE Stafford, widow of EDMUND Mortimer Earl of March and Ulster, daughter of EDMUND Stafford Earl of Stafford & his wife Anne Ctss of Buckingham (-20 or 24 Sep 1432, bur London, Church of St Katharine by the Tower). m secondly (licence 20 Jan 1433) as her second husband, dona BRITES de Portugal, widow of THOMAS Earl of Arundel and Surrey, illegitimate daughter of dom JOÃO I King of Portugal & his mistress dona Inez Perez Esteves ([1386]-Bordeaux 23 Oct 1439, bur Arundel). m thirdly as her third husband, ANNE Montagu, widow firstly of Sir RICHARD Hankeford and secondly of Sir LEWIS Johan, daughter of JOHN Montagu 3^rd Earl of Salisbury & his wife Maud Fraunceys (-28 Nov 1457 bur London, Church of St Katharine by the Tower). Duke John & his first wife had two children:

i) HENRY de Holand (Tower of London 27 Jun 1430-drowned Sep 1475). He succeeded his father in 1447 as Duke of Exeter. He took part in Lord Egremont's rebellion in the north May 1454, was captured and sent to Pontefract Castle, and from there to Wallingford Castle. A Lancastrian supporter, he fled to Scotland after the defeat at Towton and was attainted by Parliament 4 Nov 1461 and all his honours forfeited. He escaped to Flanders, where he seems to have been reduced to extreme poverty[661]. He returned to England during the brief restoration of King Henry VI in 1471, but was severely wounded at the battle of Barnet 14 Apr 1471 and captured. He was released 20 May 1475 and joined the king's expedition to France, but was drowned on the return journey between Calais and Dover[662]. m (before 30 Jul 1447, divorced 12 Nov 1472) as her first husband, ANNE of York, daughter of RICHARD Duke of York & his wife Cicely de Neville (Fotheringay Castle 10 Aug 1439-12 or 14 Jan 1476, bur St George’s Chapel, Windsor). Duke Henry & his wife had one child:

(a) ANNE de Holand (-[26 Aug 1467/6 Jun 1474]). m (Greenwich Oct 1466) as his first wife, THOMAS Grey Lord Ferrers, son of Sir JOHN Grey Lord Ferres (of Groby) & his wife Elizabeth Wydeville (-20 Sep 1501, bur Astley, Warwickshire). He was created Earl of Huntingdon in 1471, and Marquess of Dorset in 1475.

Duke Henry had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

(b) Sir ROBERT de Holand . m MARGARET, daughter of ---. Sir Robert & his wife had two children:

(1) JOAN de Holand . m firstly JOHN Kendall . m secondly Sir JOHN Trelawny .

(2) ELIZABETH de Holand . m as his second wife, JOHN Reskimir . No children.

ii) ANNE de Holand (-26 Dec 1486). m firstly (1441) Sir JOHN Neville, son of RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland & his first wife Elizabeth Percy (-7 Mar 1450). Lord Neville. m secondly (1452) her first husband's uncle, JOHN Neville Lord Neville, son of Sir JOHN Neville Lord Neville & his wife Elizabeth de Holand (-killed in battle Towton 1461). m thirdly as his second wife, JAMES Douglas 9^th Earl of Douglas, son of JAMES Douglas 7^th Earl of Douglas & his second wife Beatrice Sinclair (1425-Lindores Abbey [after 22 May] 1491, bur Lindores Abbey).

Duke John had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:

iii) WILLIAM de Holand .

iv) THOMAS de Holand .

5. MAUD de Holand