The duchy of Carinthia covered the territory in the east and south of the present-day republic of Austria, as well as parts of Friulia in northern Italy. The western part of this area later evolved into the county of Tirol, the eastern part into the Markgrafschaft of Steiermark, and the southern part into the Markgrafschaft of Carniola, Istria, Friulia, and later the duchy of Merano. The noble families in all these areas are included in the present document.

The independent Slovene prince Liudewit rebelled against the Franks in 819 and found some support in Carinthia, until 823 when he was murdered. After this date, the Carinthians, previously under their own dukes, were reorganised into counties under Ludwig II "der Deutsche", later king of the East Franks, in [the 820s][1]. No information has yet been found relating to the early 9th century dukes in Carinthia.

The territory of Carinthia and the Italian marches was acquired by Bavaria in 952[2]. When Otto II King of Germany appointed his nephew Otto as duke of Bavaria in 976, the Carinthian territories were separated to form the new duchy of Carinthia, with Heinrich of Bavaria [Luitpoldinger] installed as duke.

As will be seen, much of the source material in this document is as cited or quoted by Wilhelm Wegener[3]. It has not so far been possible to verify all of these citations against the originals but full references (as shown by Wegener, who is sometimes cryptic) are given to facilitate such an exercise in the future. Many of the connections suggested by Wegener are based solely on onomastics and do not appear to be supported by other indications.

Chapter 1. DUKES of CARINTHIA 976-1358

A. DUKE of CARINTHIA (LUITPOLDINGER]

HEINRICH I 976-978, 985-989

1. HEINRICH of Bavaria, son of BERTHOLD Duke of Bavaria & his wife Bieletrud --- (-5 Oct 989, bur [Niederaltaich]). "Henricus Minor, filius Bertoldi" is named in the Annalista Saxo, when recording his installation as Duke of Bavaria in 983[4]. Still a minor on his father's death, he was passed over in the succession to Bavaria when Otto I King of Germany established his own brother Heinrich as Duke[5]. He was appointed HEINRICH I Duke of Carinthia in 976. Implicated in the rebellion of Heinrich II "der Zänker" Duke of Bavaria against Otto II King of Germany, he was put on trial and deprived of the duchy of Carinthia in 978. He was restored as Duke of Carinthia in 983. He was installed as HEINRICH III Duke of Bavaria at Verona in 983, until [early 985]. "Heinricus dux Karintanorum…uxoris sue Hiltigardæ" donated property "in villa Vfhouun…aliam in villa sancti Georgii" [Aufhofen, St Georg] to Brixen cathedral by charter dated to [985][6].

B. DUKES of CARINTHIA (DUKES of FRANCONIA)

OTTO I 978-985, 995-1002, KONRAD I 1004-1011, KONRAD II 1036-1039

1. OTTO von Franken, son of KONRAD "der Rote" Duke of Lotharingia, Graf in Franconia & his wife Liutgard of Germany (-4 Nov 1004, bur [Bruchsal]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Ottonem" as son of "duci Wormatie Conrado", specifying that he was father of "Cono dux et Henricus pater imperatoris Conradi"[7]. Graf im Nahegau 956. Graf im Speier-, Worms-, Elsenz-, Kraich-, Engpfinz- und Ufgau. He was installed as OTTO Duke of Carinthia by Otto II King of Germany in 978 after the trial of Heinrich Duke of Carinthia who had been implicated in the rebellion of Heinrich II "der Zänker" Duke of Bavaria against the king[8]. Duke Otto was deprived of Carinthia in 985 when it was returned to Duke Heinrich I [Liutpoldinger], but allowed to retain the ducal title and granted lands around Worms and Frankfurt[9]. Restored from 995 to 1002.

a) - other children: see FRANCONIA.

b) KONRAD (-12 or 15 Dec 1011, bur Worms cathedral). Herimannus names "Counradus dux Carentani, filius Ottonis ducis fraterque Brunonis dudum papæ" when recording his death in 1012[10]. He was candidate for the imperial throne in 1002. He was installed as KONRAD I Duke of Carinthia in 1004.

i) KONRAD "der Jüngere" ([1003]-20 Jul 1039, bur Worms cathedral). Herimannus names "filio eius [=Counradus dux Carentani] puero Counrado" when recording that he was deprived of the duchy of Carinthia on his father's death in 1012[11]. Graf im Nahe-, Speyer- und Wormsgau. Candidate for the Imperial throne 1024. He was installed as KONRAD II Duke of Carinthia in 1036.

C. DUKES of CARINTHIA (EPPENSTEINER)

ADALBERO I 1012-1035, LIUTOLD 1077-1090, HEINRICH II 1093-1122

ADALBERO, son of MARKWARD [III] Markgraf der Kärtner Mark & his wife Hadamudis von Ebersberg (-28 Nov 1039, bur Geisenfeld). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Markgraf der Kärtner Mark 1000. "Otto tercius…Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property at Regensburg to "fideli nostro Adalberoni comitis" by charter dated 11 Jun 1000[12]. "Henricus…rex" granted property "inter suos fluvios Ysara et Liubasa…in comitatu Friderici…in Hachingun in pago Sundergouue" to "comitis Adalberonis" by charter dated 30 Jun 1003[13]. "Henricus…rex" granted property "in loco Chibach in comitatu Herteshusa" to Kloster Kühbach founded by "comes Adalbero" who was also granted the right for life to choose the vogt of the Kloster, by charter dated 26 Jun 1011[14]. The Augsburg Chronicle records that he was installed in 1012 as ADALBERO I Duke of Carinthia after the death of "Counradus dux Carentani filius Ottonis ducis et private filio eius puero Chounrado"[15]. "Adelpeyro dux istius marchia Carentanorum" confirmed the property of the monastery of S. Zaccaria di Venezia by charter dated 18 Jan 1017 which names "Raimbaldus comes…comitatu Tervisianense…cum eo Walpertus Wyllelmus commitibus"[16]. Wipo, in his description of the election of Konrad II King of Germany in 1024, names him "Adalbero Duke of Istria"[17]. "Chonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" gave judgment in a claim by "Adalpero dux de Carinthia…cum comite Wecellino advocato suo" relating to the church of Aquileja by charter dated 19 May 1027[18]. According to Wipo, Duke Adalbero was found guilty of treason by Emperor Konrad II in Jun 1035 at Bamberg and banished with his sons. The Annals of Hildesheim record that in 1036, in the early part of the narrative relating to this year, Adalbero killed "Willehelmum comitem" and took refuge "in castellum Eresburgh"[19]. The necrology of Freising Cathedral records the death "IV Kal Dec" of "Adalpero dux"[20].

m BEATRIX of Swabia, daughter of HERMANN II Duke of Swabia & his wife Gerberga of Upper Burgundy (-23 Feb after 1025). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

Duke Adalbero I & his wife had [four] children:

1. MARKWARD [IV] (-16 Jun 1076). "Clericus Adalbero et germanus eius Marchwart, Ducis Adalberonis filii" donated property to Geisenfeld monastery for the soul of their father who was buried in the monastery, dated 1039 after 28 Nov witnessed by "Heberhardus et Ernustus fratres eiusdem ducis"[21]. Graf der Kärtner Mark 1039. "Marchuuart filius Adalberonis ducis et uxor eius Liutpirc et filii eorum" exchanged property with Gebhard Archbishop of Salzburg by charter dated to [1060/76], witnessed by "Fridarich, Marchuuart, Liuttolt…"[22]. The necrology of St Lambert records the death "XVI Kal Jul" of "Marchwardus institutor huius loci"[23], although this contradicts the entry referring to his son Heinrich as founder of the monastery and that of his widow described as mother, not wife, of the founder. m LIUTBIRG, daughter of --- (-15 Nov ----). "Marchuuart filius Adalberonis ducis et uxor eius Liutpirc et filii eorum" exchanged property with Gebhard Archbishop of Salzburg by charter dated to [1060/76], witnessed by "Fridarich, Marchuuart, Liuttolt…"[24]. Wegener speculates that she was Liutbirg, daughter of Liutold [II] Graf [von Plain] & his wife Willibirg, because of the name of her second son[25]. The necrology of St Lambert records the death "XVII Kal Dec" of "Liupirgis ducissa Carinthye mat fundatoris"[26], although it is unclear why she would have been accorded the title duchess as her husband was never Duke of Carinthia. The necrology of Admunt records the death "XVII Kal Dec" of "Liuza com"[27]. Markward [IV] & his wife had [six] children:

a) [FRIEDRICH (-[1065] or after). "Marchuuart filius Adalberonis ducis et uxor eius Liutpirc et filii eorum" exchanged property with Gebhard Archbishop of Salzburg by charter dated to [1060/76], witnessed by "Fridarich, Marchuuart, Liuttolt…"[28]. Wegener concludes that Markward and Liutold were sons of Graf Markward [IV][29], although if this is correct it is unclear why they appear after "Fridarich" in the list if, as Wegener also speculates, he was the cousin of Markward [IV]. The simpler explanation is that Friedrich was an older son of Markward [IV], who died after [1065].]

b) [MARKWARD (-after [1065/72]). "Marchuuart filius Adalberonis ducis et uxor eius Liutpirc et filii eorum" exchanged property with Gebhard Archbishop of Salzburg by charter dated to [1060/76], witnessed by "Fridarich, Marchuuart, Liuttolt…"[30]. Wegener concludes that Markward and Liutold were sons of Graf Markward [IV][31].]

c) LIUTOLD (-12 May 1090). "Marchuuart filius Adalberonis ducis et uxor eius Liutpirc et filii eorum" exchanged property with Gebhard Archbishop of Salzburg by charter dated to [1060/76], witnessed by "Fridarich, Marchuuart, Liuttolt…"[32]. Wegener concludes that Markward and Liutold were sons of Graf Markward [IV][33]. The Casuum Sancti Galli names "domino Marcuardo et filio suo Lutoldo duce" when recording that King Heinrich IV appointed the latter as duke of Carinthia in 1077[34]. Liutold's paternity is corroborated by the reference to his being the brother of his successor Duke Heinrich (see below), and Markward being named as father of the latter in the confirmation by Pope Pascal II of the foundation of St Lambert dated 25 Mar 1109[35]. The Casus Monasterii Petrihusensis records that "Bertolfum quoque de Zaringin" was deprived of the dukedom of Carinthia which was given to "Liutoldo Genuensi"[36]. Wegener also refers to the witness list "Fridarich, Marchwart, Liutold" in the donation by Markward, son of Adalbero Duke of Carinthia[37], and as with his supposed brother Markward concludes that Liutold was the son of Markward [IV]. He explains the transmission of the name Liutold into the family by the connection of his supposed mother with the family of the Grafen von Plain. There is no explanation for the epithet "Genuensi" applied to Liutold. He was installed as LIUTOLD Duke of Carinthia in 1077. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "villam unam Lunzanicham…quod Ludovicus comes habebat" to the church of Aq uileia at the request of "ducis etiam Liutoldi, marchionum quoque Wilielmi…Sigehardi patriarche comitatum Fori Iulii" by charter dated 1077[38]. "Heinricus…rex" granted "comitatum Histrie" and "marchiam Carniole" to the church of Aquileia at the request of "ducibus autem Writizlao Boemie ac Liudolfo Carintie, Cuonone quoque palatino comite et Tieboldo marchione" by two charters dated 11 Jun 1077[39]. Marchese di Verona 1078. "Domnus Liuctaldus dux" confirmed the possessions of the monastery of S. Pietro di Vicenza by charter dated 12 May 1078[40]. "Dux Liutoldus" donated property to Brixen by charter dated to [1085/90][41]. "Domnus Liutaldo dux" confirmed that the bishop of Padua owned certain property by charter dated 13 Oct 1079[42]. The Bernoldi Chronicon records the death of "Liutoldus dux Carinthiorum inopinata" and referring to his repudiation of his wife to marry another[43]. The necrology of St Lambert records the death "IV Id May" of "Liutoldus dux"[44]. m firstly (repudiated) ---. The Bernoldi Chronicon records the death of "Liutoldus dux Carinthiorum inopinata" and referring to his repudiation of his wife to marry another[45]. m secondly ---. The Bernoldi Chronicon records the death of "Liutoldus dux Carinthiorum inopinata" and referring to his repudiation of his wife to marry another[46]. Duke Liutold & his [first/second] wife had [one possible child]:

i) [ULRICH (-3 Feb before 1120). He is named as son of "Liutold", although it is not known whether this was Liutold Duke of Carinthia. His possible son is named Markward, which suggests that this may be correct. Graf.]

- GRAFEN von TREFFEN.]

d) HEINRICH (-4 Dec 1122). Wegener refers to a donation by "Herrant" to the church of Brixen of property which had been given to him by "Heinricus frater ducis Liutoldi" dated [1085/90][47]. Vogt von Moosburg [1080]. He was installed in 1093 as HEINRICH II Duke of Carinthia. "Heinricus…tertius Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the donation of property "predio quod nobis dux Heinricus de Carinthia filius domini Marquardi dedit…in pago Wfunalbun et in comitatu comitis Manegoldi" to Kloster St Gallen by charter dated 12 May 1093[48]. "Karinthie dux Henricus" donated property to St Lambrecht in Steiermark, for "coniugis sue Livtkarde" and for the souls of "patris et matris sue Marchwardi et Livtpirge", by charter dated 7 Jan 1103[49]. The documents dated Feb 1111 relating to the coronation of Heinrich V King of Germany as emperor name "Fridericum filium sororis suæ, marchionem Engilbertum, marchionem Thiebaldus, comitem Hermannum, Fridericum palatinum comitem de Saxonia, Berlingarium de Bavaria, Godefridum comitem, Fridericum Saxonum, Albertum cancellarium, Cononem fratri Berengarii, Sigebot de Bavaria, Henricum ducem Carinthie, Bertoldum filium ducis Bertoldi" as the emperor's guarantors[50]. "Hainricus…Karintie dux" confirmed his donations to Kloster St Lambrecht, for the souls of "pater meus Marhvvardus…et…coniugis matris mee…Livtpirge", by charter dated 17 Jan 1114[51]. Vogt of Aquileia. The necrology of St Lambert records the death "II Non Dec 1122" of "Henricus dux Carinthie fundator huius loci"[52]. m firstly ([1070]) BEATRIX, daughter of --- (-24 Feb ----). The necrology of St Lambert records the death "VI Kal Mar" of "Beatrix fundatrix h l"[53]. Wegener suggests that she was Beatrix von Diessen, daughter of Otto [I] Graf von Diessen & his wife ---. His theory depends firstly on establishing that Bertha, who married Adalbert Vizedom von Freising, was the daughter of Otto [I], and secondly that Beatrix must have been her sister as Beatrix's husband was first witness to the [1070] marriage contract of Adalbert and Bertha[54]. Unfortunately, this speculation is far from certain. m secondly LIUTGARD, daughter of --- (-21 Jul after [1106]). "Karinthie dux Henricus" donated property to St Lambrecht in Steiermark, for "coniugis sue Livtkarde" and for the souls of "patris et matris sue Marchwardi et Livtpirge", by charter dated 7 Jan 1103[55]. "Henricus dux" renounced the advocacy of Aquileja, for the soul of "Liucarde uxoris mee", by charter dated to [1106][56]. The necrology of St Lambert records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "Liukart ducissa"[57]. m thirdly (after [1106]) as her first husband, SOPHIE of Austria, daughter of LUITPOLD II Markgraf of Austria [Babenberg] & his wife Ida von Ratelberg (-2 or 10 May 1154, bur Stift Melk). Wegener quotes the Landbuch von Österreich und Steier [1255] which records that "der marchgrave Liupolt von Osterrich het zwo tochter…die andern tochter gab er dem graven Sighart der daz Scharsa hiez und gab im zu der tochter Schala"[58]. Her first marriage is confirmed by the Codex Traditionum of Formbach monastery which records a donation by "Sirus qui et Sigehardus Comes de Scala et eius consors…domna Sophia…cum filio suo Henrico", for the soul of "prioris mariti sui Karinthiorum quondam ducis Heinrici"[59]. She married secondly (1128) Sieghard [XI] Graf von Burghausen und Schala. "Sirus qui et Sigehardus comes de Scala et eius consors…domna Sophia…cum filio suo Heinrico" donated property to Kloster Formbach, for the soul of "prioris mariti sui Karinthiorum quondam ducis Heinrici", by charter dated to before 1142[60]. The Annales Mellicenses record the death in 1154 of "Sophia soror nostra ducissa de Scala"[61]. The necrology of Melk records the death "VI Non May" of "Sophia ducissa de Scala sor n^a"[62]. The necrology of Lilienfeld records the death "VI Id May" of "Sophia com de Scalach sor fundatoris S Crucis"[63]. The necrology of Michaelbeuern records the death "VI Non May" of "Sophia ducissa"[64].

e) ULRICH (-21 Dec 1121). The Casuum Sancti Galli records the appointment of "domini Marcuardi Carnotensis filium…Uodalricus" as Abbot of St Gallen in 1077[65]. The Casus Monasterii Petrihusensis records that King Heinrich IV appointed "Oudalrico…abbatem monasterii s Galli" as Patriarch of Aquileja in 1086 after 23 Feb[66].

f) HERMANN (-1087). The Vita Altmanni Episcopi Pataviensis records the appointment of "Herimannus frater ducis Liutoldi" as Bishop of Passau[67]. Bishop of Passau 1085. The Bernoni Chronicon states that he died after holding the office for only two years[68].

2. ADALBERO (-14 Feb 1057). "Clericus Adalbero et germanus eius Marchwart, Ducis Adalberonis filii" donated property to Geisenfeld monastery for the soul of their father who was buried in the monastery, dated 1039 after 28 Nov witnessed by "Heberhardus et Ernustus fratres eiusdem ducis"[69]. Bishop of Bamberg 1053.

3. [WILLIBIRG ([1020/30]-25 Jan, 19 Feb or 27 Aug after [1075]). Wegener suggests that the wife of Markgraf Otakar I was the daughter of Adalbero I Duke of Carinthia on the basis of transmission of the name Willibirg into the Eppenstein family from the Grafen von Ebersberg and the fact that her son was named Adalbero[70] but this speculation is not substantiated. Her birth date range is estimated from the birth of her supposed mother in [995/1003]. Wegener records that a donation of Markgraf Otakar was confirmed by "marchionissa Willilburga" after his death[71]. The necrology of St Lambert records the deaths "VIII Kal Feb", "XI Kal Mar" and "VI Kal Sep" of "Willibirch com"[72], but if any of these entries relates to the wife of Markgraf Otakar I it is surprising that Willibirg is not referred to as "marchionissa". m OTAKAR I Markgraf der Kärtner Mark Graf im Chiemgau, son of OTAKAR [V] Graf [im Chiemgau] & his wife --- (-Rome 29 Mar [1075]).]

4. [daughter . Wegener suggests that the wife of Graf Kuno [II] was the daughter of Adalbero I Duke of Carinthia. He bases this on the donation dated 1039 after 28 Nov by "ducis Adalberonis filii Marchwart et Adalbero" to St Maria in Geisenvelt for the soul of their father, witnessed by "Chuono de Ebenhusen", whom he identifies with Kuno [II], who signed immediately after the deceased duke's brothers[73], although there are presumably other possible explanations for his connection with the Eppenstein family. m KUNO [II] Graf im Sualafeld, son of [KUNO [I] Graf im Sualafeld & his wife ---] (-after 17 May 1053).]

D. DUKE of CARINTHIA (WELF)

WELF I 1047-1055

1. WELF [III], son of WELF [II] Graf von Altdorf [Welf] & his wife Irmtrud [Imiza] im Moselgau [Wigeriche] (-Burg Bodman 13 Nov 1055). The Historia Welforum names "filiam Chunizam…et filium…Guelfum" as the children of "Guelfo…Roudolfi filius", specifying that Welf acquired "ducatum Carinthiorum et marchiam Veronensem"[74]. He was installed as WELF I Duke of Carinthia and Marchese di Verona in 1047. He conspired with Konrad de Luxembourg Duke of Bavaria to depose Emperor Heinrich III King of Germany. The plot was discovered and Welf was deposed as Duke of Carinthia in 1055[75].

E. DUKE of CARINTHIA (PFALZGRAF)

KONRAD III 1057-1061

1. KONRAD, son of HEZZELIN [Hermann] Graf im Zülpichgau [Palatinate] & his wife [--- of Carinthia] (-1061). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He was installed as KONRAD III Duke of Carinthia in 1057. The Annales of Berthold record the death in 1061 of "Chounradus…Carantanis ducis"[76].

F. DUKES of CARINTHIA (ZÄHRINGEN)

BERTHOLD I 1061-1077, BERTHOLD II 1092

1. BERTHOLD, son of BEZZELIN von Villingen Graf in der Ortenau [Zähringen] & his wife [Liutgard ---] (-Limburg 5/6 Nov 1078, bur Hirsau). The Genealogia Zaringorum names "Berchtoldus Cum-barba" as son of "Bezelinus comes", specifying that he was buried at Hirsau[77]. He was promised the duchy of Swabia by the emperor. He was installed in 1061 as BERCHTOLD I "the Bearded" Duke of Carinthia. The Annales of Berthold record that "Berhtoldus comes Suevigena" was appointed Duke of Carinthia in 1061 after the death of "Chounradus…Carantanis ducis"[78]. He never obtained actual possession of the duchy[79], and was deposed in 1077. The Casus Monasterii Petrihusensis records that "Bertolfum quoque de Zaringin" was deprived of the dukedom of Carinthia which was given to "Liutoldo Genuensi"[80]. Marchese di Verona 1066. Graf im Breisgau until 1077. He founded Kloster Weilheim unter Teck before 1073. He was one of the principal adversaries of Emperor Heinrich IV in the investiture dispute[81].

a) - other children: see BADEN.

b) BERTHOLD ([1050]-12 Apr 1111, bur St Peter in Schwarzwald). The Genealogia Zaringorum names "Berchtoldus" son of "Berchtoldus Cum-barba", referring to him first among the brothers, specifying that he was buried at St Peter in 1111[82]. He was installed in 1092 as BERTHOLD II Duke of Carinthia, in opposition to Duke Heinrich II [Eppenstein]. Herzog von Zähringen 1100.

- HERZOGEN von ZÄHRINGEN.

G. DUKES of CARINTHIA (SPONHEIM)

HEINRICH III 1123

1. HEINRICH von Sponheim, son of ENGELBERT I Graf von Sponheim & his wife Hadwig --- (-13 Dec 1123). The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names (in order) "Engelbertus primogenitus, Sigfridus, Bernhardus et Heinricus" as sons of "Engelberto comite seniore"[83]. He succeeded in 1123 as HEINRICH III Duke of Carinthia. "Heinricus…dux…Engilberti filius" donated property to Kloster St Paul "per manum Bernhardi fratris mei advocati", for the souls of "…coniugis mee Gerdrudis…", by charter dated to 1123[84].

ENGELBERT 1124-1135, ULRICH I 1135-1144, HEINRICH IV 1144-1161

ENGELBERT [II] von Sponheim, son of ENGELBERT [I] von Sponheim Graf im Krainchgau, im Pustertal und von Sponheim & his wife Hedwig --- (-12/13 Apr 1141). The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names (in order) "Engelbertus primogenitus, Sigfridus, Bernhardus et Heinricus" as sons of "Engelberto comite seniore"[85]. The Vita Chuonradi names "Engilbertum et Bernhardum" as brothers of Heinrich Duke of Carinthia[86]. He succeeded in 1107 as ENGELBERT I Marchese di Istria. The documents dated Feb 1111 relating to the coronation of Heinrich V King of Germany as emperor name "Fridericum filium sororis suæ, marchionem Engilbertum, marchionem Thiebaldus, comitem Hermannum, Fridericum palatinum comitem de Saxonia, Berlingarium de Bavaria, Godefridum comitem, Fridericum Saxonum, Albertum cancellarium, Cononem fratri Berengarii, Sigebot de Bavaria, Henricum ducem Carinthie, Bertoldum filium ducis Bertoldi" as the emperor's guarantors[87]. He was installed in 1124 as ENGELBERT Duke of Carinthia, until 1135. "Engilbertus tunc quidem marchio sed postea dux Karinthiorum" removed property donated to Kloster St Peter at Salzburg [before 13 Dec 1123], but by charter dated 1131 returned it to the archbishop of Salzburg, witnessed by "Pernhardus comes frater, Engilbertus marchio et Heinricus filii eiusdem ducis…"[88]. The necrology of Baumburg records the death "Id Apr" of "Engelbertus dux"[89]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "II Id Apr" of "Engelbertus dux Karinthiorum et m"[90]. The necrology of Seonense records the death "Id Apr" of "Engilbertus ex duce m n c" and his donation[91].

m UTA von Passau, daughter of ULRICH Graf von Passau [Ratpotonen] & his wife Adelheid von Lechsgemünd (-16 Apr ----). The Fundatio Monasterii Baumburgensis names "in Bawarie provincia comes…Cuno…filiam Adilheit" as founder of Kloster Baumburg, naming her second husband "comes Udalricus de Pactavia" and her only daughter by her second marriage "Utam [wife of] Eingelperto duci de Chraieburc"[92]. "Ota ducissa de Chreiburch" donated property donated to Baumburg by charter dated to [1135/40][93]. The necrology of Baumburg records the death "XVI Kal May" of "Uta ducissa"[94]. The necrology of Seonense records the death "XVI Kal May" of "Uta ductrix" and her donation[95].

Duke Engelbert & his wife had [ten] children:

1. ENGELBERT [III] von Sponheim (-6 Oct 1173). The Fundatio Monasterii Baumburgensis names "Bernhardus dux Charintie, Eingelpertus marchio Ystrie, Hartwicus postea Ratisponensis episcopus et comes Rapoto de Chregeburc" as the four sons of "Eingelperto duci de Chraieburc" and his wife Uta[96]. He succeeded his father in 1124 as ENGELBERT II Marchese of Istria, at the same time that his father succeeded as Duke of Carinthia. "Engilbertus tunc quidem marchio sed postea dux Karinthiorum" removed property donated to Kloster St Peter at Salzburg [before 13 Dec 1123], but by charter dated 1131 returned it to the archbishop of Salzburg, witnessed by "Pernhardus comes frater, Engilbertus marchio et Heinricus filii eiusdem ducis…"[97]. Marchese of Tuscany [1135/37]. The Annales Florentini record that "Ingilbertus marchio" entered Florence "XVI Kal Jul" in 1135[98]. The Annales Pisani of Bernardo Marangoni record that "Ingilbertum Tuscie marchionem" was defeated in 1137 "apud Ficiechum" by "Lucenses"[99]. "Salzburgensis ecclesie canonicus…Hartwicus" donated property to Salzburg cathedral, for the souls of "parentibus meis duce…Engilberto et matre Ota", with the consent of "fratrum meorum marchionis Engilberti et comitis Rabotonis", by charter dated to [1147/48][100]. "Marchio Engilbertus…de Chraiburch" donated property to Chiemsee priory, for the soul of "uxoris…Mathildis converse et marchionisse", by charter dated to [1147][101]. The document dated 17 Sep 1156 established the duchy of Austria is witnessed by "…marchio Engielbertus de Hystria…"[102]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "II Non Oct" of "Engelbertus marchio de Chreiburch"[103]. The necrology of Baumburg records the death "II Non Oct" of "Engelbertus marchio fr n et fundator"[104]. The necrology of Seonense records the death "II Non Oct" of "Engilbertus marchio" and his donation[105]. m MATHILDE von Sulzbach, daughter of BERENGAR [I] Graf von Sulzbach & his second wife Adelheid von Frontenhausen (-31 Oct or 3 Nov 1165). "Marchio Engilbertus…de Chraiburch" donated property to Chiemsee priory, for the soul of "uxoris…Mathildis converse et marchionisse", by charter dated to [1147][106]. "Marchio Engelbertus et uxor eius Mathilt" donated property to Bamburg by charter dated to [1148][107]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "IV Non Nov" of "Mathildis marchionissa et cv^a"[108]. The necrology of Baumburg records the death "II Kal Nov" of "Mathildis marchionis sor n^a"[109]. The necrology of Seonense records the death "III Non Nov" of "Mahthildis ex marchionissa cv" and her donation[110].

2. HEINRICH von Sponheim (-3 Jan 1169). "Engilbertus tunc quidem marchio sed postea dux Karinthiorum" removed property donated to Kloster St Peter at Salzburg [before 13 Dec 1123], but by charter dated 1131 returned it to the archbishop of Salzburg, witnessed by "Pernhardus comes frater, Engilbertus marchio et Heinricus filii eiusdem ducis…"[111]. Abbot of Weiler-Bettnach 1133. "Dominus Heinricus…Wiler…abbas in Mecensi episcopatu" sent monks from his abbey to Carinthia where they were granted property for the church of Victoria by "Berennardus quodam Carinthiorum comitum…eiusque coniux…Cunigundis", by charter dated [Jun] 1142[112]. Bishop of Troyes 1145.

3. ULRICH (-7 or 11 Apr 1144, bur Rosazzo). The Fundatio Monasterii Baumburgensis names "Bernhardus dux Charintie, Eingelpertus marchio Ystrie, Hartwicus postea Ratisponensis episcopus et comes Rapoto de Chregeburc" as the four sons of "Eingelperto duci de Chraieburc" & his wife Uta, "Bernhardus" presumably being a mistake for "Ulricus"[113]. He succeeded his brother in 1135 as ULRICH I Duke of Carinthia. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "III Id Apr" of "Vdalricus dux"[114]. m JUDITH von Baden, daughter of HERMANN II Markgraf von Baden & his wife Judith [von Dillingen] (-1162, bur Backnang Stiftskirche). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated May 1149 under which Konrad III King of Germany confirmed the church of Seckau, witnessed by "Hainricus dux de Karinthia et avunculus eius Herimannus marchio de Baden…"[115]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. Duke Ulrich & his wife had [four] children:

a) HEINRICH (-12 Oct 1161). Heinrich is shown in some secondary sources as the son of Engelbert von Sponheim Marchese of Istria. However, the source quoted below confirms that his father was Ulrich Duke of Carinthia. He was installed in 1144 as HEINRICH IV Duke of Carinthia. The document dated 17 Sep 1156 established the duchy of Austria is witnessed by "…Heinricus dux Carinthie…"[116]. Roman Bishop of Gurk granted "castrum Gravenstaine" and the Vogtei of Gurk to "ducem Karintie Hainricum cum germanis suis" by charter dated 20 Jun 1158, which names "pater ipsorum pie memorie duce Odalrico"[117]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "IV Id Oct" of "Heinricus dux Karinthie"[118]. m as her second husband, ELISABETH of Styria, widow of RUDOLF II Graf von Stade Markgraf der Nordmark, daughter of LEOPOLD I "der Starke" Markgraf of Styria & his wife Sophie of Bavaria [Welf] ([1124]-25 Dec after 1138). The Annales Stadenses names "Elizabeth sororem Ottokkar de Stire" as wife of "Rodolfum [filius Rodulfi]"[119]. Her second marriage is deduced from the necrology of Seckau which records the death "VIII Kal Jan" of "Elitzabeth ducissa Carinthiæ sor ducis Styriæ"[120].

b) ULRICH (-before 1161). "Heinricus dux Charinthie, Odelricus frater eius" witnessed a charter dated to [1144] under which Konrad Archbishop of Salzburg confirmed the possessions of Chiemsee priory[121]. Graf von Laibach.

c) [GOTTFRIED (-before 1144). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. A priest. It is possible that the assessment about his supposed parentage is based on a charter dated to [1130] under which "Mehtilt Wdalrichi relicta et filius eius Hainric" donated property to Kloster St Paul "especially for love of filii sui monachi Gotfridi"[122]. It is not known how accurate the dating of this document is, but if it is correct the description of the donor as "relicta" means that she could not have been the mother of Heinrich IV Duke of Carinthia. In addition, the document makes no mention of any titles of the donor or the family members who are named. This would be unusual in the case of the upper aristocracy. Unless other primary source information comes to light, it is suggested that Gottfried was not the son of Ulrich I Duke of Carinthia.]

d) HERMANN (-4 Oct 1181). "Dux Karinthie Heremannus" sold "castrum Hohenwart" to Roman Bishop of Gurk, for the soul of "germani sui pie memorie ducis Hainrici", by charter dated 3 May 1162[123]. He was appointed to succeed his brother in 1161 as HERMANN II Duke of Carinthia.

- see below.

4. MATHILDE von Sponheim (-[13 Dec 1160/1161]). She is named by Orderic Vitalis, who calls her father "Duke Engelbert", when recording her marriage[124]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comitissa Mathildis Campaniensis et uxor Renaldi comitis Nivernensis et comitissa Montis Veteris iuxta Coloniam et mater illorum Romanorum qui Froiepain dicuntur" as sisters of "archiepiscopi Coloniensis Frederici"[125], although the latter is shown by other sources to be their paternal uncle. "Teobaudus Blesensis comes" made a donation to Montiérender by charter dated 1139 with the consent of "Matildis comitissa uxor mee et Henricus filius meus"[126]. "Comitissa Mathildis et filius eius Henricus et Theobaudus et Stephanus" donated property to the abbey of Fontevraud by charter dated to [1125/49][127]. A list of foundations at Troyes records the memory "13 Dec" of "Mathilde épouse du comte Thibaut"[128]. The necrology of Saint-Etienne, Troyes records the death "13 Dec" of "Mathildis comitissa"[129]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "Id Dec" of "comitissa Mathildis mater…archiepiscopi Senonensis Willelmi et…Henrici comitis, Teobaldi comitis atque comitis Stephani"[130]. m (1123) THIBAUT IV “le Grand/le Vieil” Comte de Blois, son of ETIENNE Comte de Blois & his wife Adela of England ([1085/91]-8 Oct 1152).

5. RAPOTO (-26 Aug 1186). The Fundatio Monasterii Baumburgensis names "Bernhardus dux Charintie, Eingelpertus marchio Ystrie, Hartwicus postea Ratisponensis episcopus et comes Rapoto de Chregeburc" as the four sons of "Eingelperto duci de Chraieburc" & his wife Uta[131]. Graf von Ortenburg [1130]. Graf von Kraiburg 1173.

- GRAFEN von ORTENBURG.

6. HARTWIG von Sponheim (-22 Aug 1164). The Fundatio Monasterii Baumburgensis names "Bernhardus dux Charintie, Eingelpertus marchio Ystrie, Hartwicus postea Ratisponensis episcopus et comes Rapoto de Chregeburc" as the four sons of "Eingelperto duci de Chraieburc" & his wife Uta[132]. Canon at Salzburg Cathedral. "Salzburgensis ecclesie canonicus…Hartwicus" donated property to Salzburg cathedral, for the souls of "parentibus meis duce…Engilberto et matre Ota", with the consent of "fratrum meorum marchionis Engilberti et comitis Rabotonis", by charter dated to [1147/48][133]. Bishop of Regensburg 1155.

7. IDA von Sponheim (-25 May 1178, bur Auxerre Saint-Germain). "W Nivernensium comes" granted taxation rights to the church of Autun with the consent of "Ida cometissa et filius meus Guido…[et] Guillelmus filius meus" by charter dated 1158[134]. Her origin is indicated by Guillaume de Champagne Archbishop of Sens, whose mother was Mathilde von Sponheim, referring to her as matertera[135]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comitissa Mathildis Campaniensis et uxor Renaldi comitis Nivernensis et comitissa Montis Veteris iuxta Coloniam et mater illorum Romanorum qui Froiepain dicuntur" as sisters of "archiepiscopi Coloniensis Frederici"[136], although the latter is shown by other sources to be their paternal uncle. She is named in an 1142 charter of her husband[137]. "Guido comes Nivernensis" donated property to the abbey of Corbigny by charter dated [1171] in which he names "frater meus Willelmus", witnessed by "Ida mater mea" and with the consent of "Mathildis uxor mea"[138]. m ([1140]) GUILLAUME de Nevers, son of GUILLAUME II Comte de Nevers & his wife Adela --- (-Auxerre 21 Nov 1161, bur Auxerre Saint-Germain). He succeeded his father in 1148 as GUILLAUME III Comte de Nevers et d'Auxerre.

8. [IRMGARD . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comitissa Mathildis Campaniensis et uxor Renaldi comitis Nivernensis et comitissa Montis Veteris iuxta Coloniam et mater illorum Romanorum qui Froiepain dicuntur" as sisters of "archiepiscopi Coloniensis Frederici"[139], although the latter is shown by other sources to be their paternal uncle. m as his second wife, ADOLF II Graf von Berg, son of ADOLF I Graf von Berg & his wife Adelheid von Laufen (-12 Oct after 1160).]

9. [daughter . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comitissa Mathildis Campaniensis et uxor Renaldi comitis Nivernensis et comitissa Montis Veteris iuxta Coloniam et mater illorum Romanorum qui Froiepain dicuntur" as sisters of "archiepiscopi Coloniensis Frederici"[140], although the latter is shown by other sources to be their paternal uncle. m --- Frangipani, son of ---.

10. [ADELHEID . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Abbess of Göss 1148.]

HERMANN II 1161-1181, ULRICH II 1181-1202, BERNHARD 1202-1256, ULRICH III 1256-1269, PHILIPP 1275-1279

HERMANN, son of ULRICH I Duke of Carinthia & his wife Judith von Baden (-4 Oct 1181). He was appointed to succeed his brother in 1161 as HERMANN II Duke of Carinthia. "Dux Karinthie Heremannus" sold "castrum Hohenwart" to Roman Bishop of Gurk, for the soul of "germani sui pie memorie ducis Hainrici", by charter dated 3 May 1162[141]. "Dux Karinthie Hermannus", on his sickbed, donated property to Salzburg cathedral, confirmed by "uxor…et filius eiusdem ducis" after his death, by undated charter[142]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "IV Non Oct" of "Hermannus dux Karinthie"[143].

m as her second husband, AGNES of Austria, widow of ISTVÁN III King of Hungary, daughter of HEINRICH II "Jasomirgott" Duke of Austria [Babenberg] & his second wife Theodora Komnene ([1154]-13 Jan 1182, bur Vienna Schottenkloster). The Continuatio Admuntensis for 1166 records the marriage of "filia Heinrici ducis Austria" and "Stephano regi Ungariæ"[144]. The primary source which names her has not yet been identified. She returned to Vienna with her father, who arrived at the Hungarian court at Esztergom, en route to Palestine, the day after her first husband died[145]. A manuscript Genealogia marchionum Austrie, written [1181/92], names "Liupoldum et Hainricum filios et filiam Agnetem" as the children of "Hainricus dux ex coniuge Theodora Greca", adding that Agnes married firstly "Stephano regi Ungarorum" and secondly "Herimanno duci Karinthie"[146]. "Dux Karinthie Hermannus", on his sickbed, donated property to Salzburg cathedral, confirmed by "uxor…et filius eiusdem ducis" after his death, by undated charter[147]. "Domine Agnetis ducisse…cum filio suo Wdalrico adhuc infantulo" donated property to Kloster St Paul, as planned by "mariti sui domini…Hermanni", by charter dated Dec 1181[148].

Duke Hermann II & his wife had two children:

1. ULRICH (-10 Aug 1202). A manuscript Genealogia marchionum Austrie, written [1181/92], names "Olricum qui nunc dux est Karinthie" as the son of "Herimanno duci Karinthie" and his wife[149]. He succeeded his father in 1181 as ULRICH II Duke of Carinthia. "Domine Agnetis ducisse…cum filio suo Wdalrico adhuc infantulo" donated property to Kloster St Paul, as planned by "mariti sui domini…Hermanni", by charter dated Dec 1181[150]. "Odalricus…dux Karinthie" confirmed donations to Kloster St Paul by charter dated 1192, witnessed by "Bernhardus germanus frater meus…"[151]. "Vdalricus…dux Karinthie et frater meus Bernhardus" confirmed donations to Kloster St Georg am Längsee by charter dated 31 Mar 1199[152]. The necrology of Seckau records the death "IV Id Aug" of "Udalricus dux Karinthie"[153].

2. BERNHARD (-4, 6 or 13 Jan 1256). "Odalricus…dux Karinthie" confirmed donations to Kloster St Paul by charter dated 1192, witnessed by "Bernhardus germanus frater meus…"[154]. "Vdalricus…dux Karinthie et frater meus Bernhardus" confirmed donations to Kloster St Georg am Längsee by charter dated 31 Mar 1199[155]. He succeeded his brother in 1202 as BERNHARD Duke of Carinthia. "Berenhardus…dux Carinthie" donated property to Viktring, with the consent of "sponse mee domine Iute ducisse", by charter dated 18 Mar 1213[156]. The Altahenses Annales record the death "1256 Feb" of "Bernhardus dux Karinthie"[157]. The necrology of Rein records the death "Id Jan" of "Otakerus Berhardus dux Charinthie"[158]. The necrology of Ozzio records the death "VIII Id Jan" of "Berenhardus pius dux de Karinthia sen"[159]. m (before 18 Mar 1213) JUTTA of Bohemia, daughter of PŘEMYSL OTAKAR I King of Bohemia & his second wife Constanza of Hungary ([1200/04]-2 Jun 1230). "Berenhardus…dux Carinthie" donated property to Viktring, with the consent of "sponse mee domine Iute ducisse", by charter dated 18 Mar 1213[160]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Duke Bernhard & his wife had four children:

a) ULRICH (-27 Oct or 27 Dec 1269). The Altahenses Annales names "Ulricus filius [Bernhardi ducis Karinthie]" when recording his succession to his father[161]. Herr von Krain 1251. He succeeded his father in 1256 as ULRICH III Duke of Carinthia. The Annales Foriulienses record that "Uoldricus dux Carinthiæ" was elected "per Foroiulienses in capitaneum Foroiulii" 14 Sep 1269 and died "5 exeunte Octobri…in civitate Austria"[162]. The Canonici Sambiensis Annales record the death of "dux Ulricus Karintie" in 1269[163]. The necrology of Kaisheim records the death "VI Kal Jan" of "Ulrici ducis Karinthie"[164]. m firstly ([1248/51]) as her second husband, AGNES von Andechs-Merano, widow of FRIEDRICH "der Streitbare" Duke of Austria, daughter of OTTO I Duke of Merano, Comte Palatin de Bourgogne [Andechs] & his first wife Beatrix de Bourgogne-Comté (-[1 Nov 1260/7 Jan 1263], bur Sittich). The Annales Mellicenses record the marriage in 1229 of "Fridericus filius Liuopoldi ducis" and "filiam ducis Meranie"[165]. The Continuatio Garstensis names "Fridericus dux Austrie Agnetem uxorem suam de Merania", when recording the couple's separation[166]. The Continuatio Prædictorum Vindobonensium records that her husband repudiated her in 1244[167]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly (1263) as her first husband, AGNES von Baden, daughter of HERMANN VI Markgraf von Baden, Duke of Austria & his wife Gertrud Duchess of Austria [Babenberg] (1250-Vienna 2 Jan 1295). The Canonici Sambiensis Annales record the marriage in 1263 of "dux Carintie" and "Agnetem filiam Hermanni marcravii de Paden"[168]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. She married secondly ([1270/71]) Ulrich [III] Graf von Heunburg . Duke Ulrich III & his first wife had two children:

i) HEINRICH (-[1257/63]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

ii) AGNES (-young). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

b) BERNHARD (-after 1249). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

c) MARGARETA (-before 1249). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

d) PHILIPP (-21/22 Jul 1279). The Altahenses Annales name "Phylippus filius Bernhardi ducis Karinthie" when recording his election as Bishop of Salzburg[169]. The Canonici Sambiensis Annales name "dominus Philippus Salczburgensis archiepiscopus…[frater] dux Ulricus Karintie" when recording his election as Patriarch of Aquileia in 1269[170]. Provost of Wischehrad and Chancellor of Bohemia 1236/46. He was elected Arhcbishop of Salzburg 1246/65, and Patriarch of Aquileia 1269/72. The Annales Foriulienses record the election of "domnus Philippus frater dicti ducis Carinthie, olim archiepiscopus Salburgensis" [when talking of Duke Ulrich II] as patriarch of Aquileia 23 Sep 1269[171]. He claimed to succeed in 1275 as PHILIPP Duke of Carinthia, in opposition to Otakar Přemysl II King of Bohemia who had succeeded in 1269 as Duke of Carinthia. The necrology of Ozzio records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "Philippus dux Karinthie"[172]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "XII Kal Aug" of "Philippus fil ducis Karinthie quondam electus Salisburgensis" and his donation[173].

H. DUKE of CARINTHIA (KINGS of BOHEMIA)

OTAKAR 1269-1276

1. PŘEMYSL OTAKAR of Bohemia, son of WENZEL I King of Bohemia [Luxembourg] & his wife Kunigunde of Germany [Hohenstaufen] (1233-killed in battle Dürnkrut 26 Aug 1278, bur Znaim Minoriten). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Associate king of Bohemia 31 Jul 1248-Nov 1249. Mgf of Moravia 1251. Duke of Austria and Steiermark 1251. He succeeded his father 1253 as OTAKAR PŘEMYSL II King of Bohemia. Crowned 1261. He succeeded in 1269 as OTAKAR Duke of Carinthia, until 21 Dec 1276.

I. DUKES of CARINTHIA (GRAFEN von GÖRZ)

MEINHARD II 1286-1295, OTTO 1295-1310, HEINRICH V 1310-1335

MEINHARD von Görz, son of MEINHARD I Graf von Tirol [MEINHARD III Graf von Görz] & his wife Adelheid von Tirol (Landshut [1227]-Greisenbach, Tirol 30 Oct or 1 Nov 1295, bur Kloster Stams). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. MEINHARD IV Graf von Görz und Tirol. He succeeded in 1286 as MEINHARD II Duke of Carinthia.

1. OTTO von Görz (-28 May 1310). He succeeded his father in 1295 as OTTO Duke of Carinthia, OTTO Graf von Görz und Tirol.

2. HEINRICH von Görz (-4 Apr 1335). He succeeded in 1307 as HEINRICH King of Bohemia, until 1310. He succeeded his brother in 1310 as HEINRICH Duke of Carinthia.

J. DUKES of CARINTHIA (DUKES of AUSTRIA [HABSBURG])

ALBRECHT 1335-1358

ALBRECHT von Habsburg, son of RUDOLF I King of Germany, Duke of Austria & his first wife Gertrud [Anna] von Hohenberg [Zollern] (Jul 1255-murdered Königsfelden, near Brugg-an-der-Reuß 1 May 1308, bur Wettingen Cistercian convent, removed 1309 to Speyer Cathedral). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He succeeded his father in 1282 as ALBRECHT I joint-Duke of Austria. He was elected King of Germany in 1298.

1. other children: see AUSTRIA.

2. ALBRECHT (Habsburg 12 Dec 1298-Vienna 20 Jul 1358, bur Gaming). His parentage is proved by the necrology of Heiligenkreuz which records the death "XIII Kal Sep" of "dux Albertus fr ducis Ottonis fundatoris monⁱⁱ Novi Montis filiæ h m S Crucis"[174]. Graf von Pfirt 1324. He succeeded his brother in 1330 as ALBRECHT II “der Weise” Duke of Austria and Steiermark. He succeeded his maternal uncle in 1335 as ALBRECHT Duke of Carinthia, Krain and South Tirol.

Chapter 2. MARKGRAFEN der KÄRNTNER MARK

A. MARKGRAFEN der KÄRNTNER MARK (EPPENSTEINER)

Although this family is usually referred to by historians as the "Eppensteiner", the town of Eppenstein, near Judenburg in Upper Styria, was probably founded during the second quarter of the 12th century so the name must be a later attribution[175].

1. MARKWARD [I], son of --- (-after [916]). Graf im Viehbachgau [916]. "Chonradus…rex" granted property "in comitatu Marchwardi in pago Uiohbach in loco Goldaron" to "clerico Erchenfried" by an undated charter, place in the compilation with other charters dated 916 by the intervention of "Sigihardi comitis"[176].

2. MARKWARD [II] (-after 23 Sep 951). His name suggests that Graf Markward [II] was the son of Graf Markward [I] but there is no proof that this is correct. The assumption is that Markward [II] was a different person from Markward [I] on the basis of the 24 year period between the years when each was named but this is not inevitably so. Graf 940/951. "Otto…rex" gave property "in pago Ufgovve in comitatu Marchvvardi iuxta rivum Fuchtebah" to "comiti Marchvvardo [vassallo ducis Perchtoldi]" by charter dated 13 Jul 940 at the request of "ducis nostri Perchtoldi, simul et Kerungi ac Hiltiboldi comitum"[177]. "Otto…rex" returned property "in comitatu Adelberonis in loco Izhzelinga" to "fratris nostri Heinrici cuidam suo vasallo Marquart" by charter dated 23 Sep 951[178].

3. MARKWARD [III] (-before 13 Apr 1000). His name suggests that Graf Markward [III] was the son of Graf Markward [II] but no proof has yet been found to confirm that this is correct. Wegener refers to a charter of Heinrich II Duke of Bavaria dated [985/91] which names "Marchwart comes et frater eius Rudker"[179]. Graf an der Isar und Vils. Markgraf der Kärtner Mark. "Otto…imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Marchuuardi marchionis nostri in plaga origentali…Vduleniduor, lingua Sclavanisca sic vocatam, Theotisce vero Nidrinhof nominatam" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 7 Mar 970[180]. "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "predium Butileshusa…in pago Adelahkeuue et in comitatu Marchuuardi comitis" to Kloster Niedermünster by charter dated 27 Apr 973[181]. "Otto…imperator augustus" gave property "orientali parte montis qui dicitur Doberich…usque ad proprietatem Marchuuardi comitis, quicquid visi sumus habere in comitatu Rachvuini comitis" to "nostri Vuillihelmi…comitis" by charter dated 24 Oct 980[182]. "Otto…rex" donated property "in villis Worndorf et Crumaha in pago Goldineshunderc ac comitatu Marquardi comitis" to Kloster St Gregor, Petershausen by charter dated 2 Jun 993[183]. m HADAMUDIS von Ebersberg, daughter of ADALBERO [I] Graf von Ebersberg & his wife Liutgard --- (-19 Feb ----). The Chronico Eberspergense names "Hademuoden", sister of Udalrich Graf von Ebersberg, as wife of "Marhwardi presidis de Carinthia"[184]. Markward [III] & his wife had [four] children:

a) ADALBERO [I] (-28 Nov 1039). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Markgraf der Kärtner Mark 1000. He was installed in 1012 as ADALBERO I Duke of Carinthia.

- DUKES of CARINTHIA.

b) [ULRICH (-[1011/13]). Wegener suggests the existence of Ulrich as the son of Graf Markward [III] from two sources. Firstly the charter dated [1011/12] under which "Heinricus…rex" donated property "in pago Spehtreino et in comitatu Odalrici comitis" to Bamberg[185]. Secondly, the Liber Anniversariorum of Einsiedeln which records under March the donation of "com Uolricus de Bavaria, Richkarta uxor eius"[186]. He links this entry to the later entry in the same paragraph which reads "com Adelberus de Bawaria et com Eppo frater eius" although he incorrectly quotes this as "fratres eius", implying wrongly that "eius" therefore refers to Ulrich. In discussing the [1011/12] charter, Wegener highlights the possibility that it refers to Ulrich Graf von Ebersberg. However, he does not make this connection when discussing the Einsiedeln entry although this also seems a likely possibility. Another indication that the Einsiedeln records refer to the Ebersberg family is the reference to a donation in May by "domina Richenza coniunx comitis Adelberonis de Bavaria". The wife of Adalbert Graf von Ebersberg is named in other sources variously as Richlind or Richgard. However, the wife of Adalbert Duke of Carinthia (supposed brother of Ulrich) was called Beatrix. It is interesting to note that the name Ulrich does not appear among the relatives of Graf Friedrich, this Ulrich's supposed nephew, in his grant to St Castulus dated [1060] (see below). In conclusion, it appears unlikely that this Ulrich existed.]

c) EBERHARD [Ezzo] (-after 28 Nov 1039). "Clericus Adalbero et germanus eius Marchwart, Ducis Adalberonis filii" donated property to Geisenfeld monastery for the soul of their father who was buried in the monastery, dated 1039 after 28 Nov witnessed by "Heberhardus et Ernustus fratres eiusdem ducis"[187]. Graf an der Isar und Vils. m ---. The name and origin of the wife of Graf Eberhard are not known. Wegener speculates that she was named Richgard, named in the donation to St Castulus by her supposed son Friedrich for the souls of his wife Gräfin Christina and of his relatives "Ebrohart, Frideric, Ernost, Cuono, Adalpero, Hartwich, Hemma, Rickart, Hadamuot" dated [1060][188]. He also speculates that she was [Richgard], daughter of Graf Friedrich [II] [Sieghardinger] & his wife ---, in order to explain the transmission of the name Friedrich into the Eppenstein family[189], however this appears to be only one of many possibilities and hardly the basis for a firm conclusion. Eberhard & his wife had [two] children:

i) FRIEDRICH (-after [1065]). Wegener refers to a donation to Salzburg by "Fridericus filius comitis Epponis" on behalf of "episcopum Hartwicum [Brixen] qui fuit suus quondam secundum carnem cognatus" with the consent of his wife Gräfin Christina dated 29 May 1050[190]. Graf [an der Isar und Vils]. m CHRISTINA, daughter of --- (-after [1060]). Wegener refers to a donation to St Castulus by "Frideric comes" for the souls of his wife Gräfin Christina and of his relatives "Ebrohart, Frideric, Ernost, Cuono, Adalpero, Hartwich, Hemma, Rickart, Hadamuot" dated [1060][191]. Wegener suggests that she was Christina [von Diessen], daughter of Friedrich [II] Graf an der oberen Isar [Andechs] & his wife ---, in order to explain the transfer of Wehrbach, which belonged to Preising, to Friedrich von Eppenstein[192] but presumably there are other possible ways in which this transfer of ownership could have been effected. If the hypothesis is correct, the chronology suggests that her father must have been Friedrich [II] rather than Friedrich [I] (the two being conflated by Wegener in his commentary).

ii) [HADAMUT (-17 Oct ----). Wegener speculates that Hadamut, wife of Friedrich [II] Graf [von Diessen], was the sister of Graf Friedrich, named in the latter's donation to St Castulus dated [1060] among his relatives "Ebrohart, Frideric, Ernost, Cuono, Adalpero, Hartwich, Hemma, Rickart, Hadamuot" dated [1060][193] but the speculation is tenuous. If it is correct, it is unclear why Graf Friedrich's sister, who would have been his closest relative, was named last in the list. m as his first wife, FRIEDRICH [III] Graf [von Diessen-Andechs], son of FRIEDRICH [II] Graf & his wife --- (-30 Jun 1075, bur Seeon).]

d) ERNST (-after 28 Nov 1039). "Clericus Adalbero et germanus eius Marchwart, Ducis Adalberonis filii" donated property to Geisenfeld monastery for the soul of their father who was buried in the monastery, dated 1039 after 28 Nov witnessed by "Heberhardus et Ernustus fratres eiusdem ducis"[194].

4. RICHARDIS (-23 Apr 1013). The Chronico Eberspergensi Posteriore names "comes Udalricus uxore Richardem"[195]. The Chronico Eberspergense names "Rihcardem sororem Marhwardi presidis de Carinthia" as Udalrich's wife[196]. The Chronico Eberspergensi Posteriore records the death "1013 Non Kal Mai" of "coniunx eius [=Udalrici] Richardis"[197]. m UDALRICH Graf von Ebersberg, son of ADALBERO [I] Graf von Ebersberg & his wife Liutgard --- (-11 Mar 1029).

5. RÜDIGER (-4 Dec before 1000). Wegener refers to a charter of Heinrich II Duke of Bavaria dated [985/91] which names "Marchwart comes et frater eius Rudker"[198]. The necrology of St Andreas an der Traisen records the death "II Non Dec" of "Rudigerus marchio"[199]. The identification of this entry with an individual who died before 1000 must be doubtful. This monastery was founded in [1160], so it is unclear why its necrology should include a record dating more than 150 years before its foundation. In addition, no other members of this family can be identified among the individuals named in this record.

B. MARKGRÄFEN der KÄRTNER MARK (GRAFEN von WELS-LAMBACH 1035-1050)

ARNOLD [I], son of --- (-1 Mar [1020]). According to Wegener, Graf Arnold [I], ancestor of the Grafen von Wels und Lambach, was the younger son of Graf Ulrich [III] (of the family who later became Grafen von Formbach), basing this on his name being inherited from the Luitpoldinger family of his supposed mother[200]. If this is correct, the names "Arnold" and "Arnulf" must be interchangeable, but this appears disputable. According to Europäische Stammtafeln, Arnold was the possible son of Graf Meginhard [III][201], possibly a relative of Graf Ulrich [III]. There appears too much uncertainty surrounding both these theories to decide if one is more attractive than the other. No hint is provided by the geographical location of the properties of Arnold's family. The towns of Lambach and Wels are located to the south-west of Linz in Upper Austria, while the properties of the family of Grafen von Formbach were in Bavaria, which suggests that a connection is unlikely. In addition, none of the typically Formbach names (for example Ulrich, Meginhard, Thiemo) appear among the descendants of Arnold [I]. The Historia Cremifanensis names "comites de Welsa et de Lembach…Arnoldum et Wilhelmum" which suggests an entirely different origin through the Wilhelme family (see below)[202]. Wegener refers to an alliance between Christian Bishop of Passau and Graf Arnold over a disputed wood, dated [991/1012][203]. Graf im Rotagau. The necrology of Lambach records the death "Kal Mar" of "Arnolfus com avus ep Alberonis"[204].

m ---. Wegener speculates that the wife of Graf Arnold [I] was a member of the Aribonen family to explain the possible introduction of the name Aribo into the family with her supposed younger son.

Graf Arnold [I] & his wife had [two] children:

1. ARNOLD [II] (-3 Mar [1055]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 18 Feb 1061 under which "Heinricus…rex" confirmed rights to Kloster Lambach "[in] bannum mercati in loco Wels et theloneum in Lambach" at the request of "Adalberonis Wirziburgensis episcopi" who names "parentes eius…avus Arnoldus et pater suus Arnoldus et frater suus Gotefridus"[205]. Markgraf der Kärtner Mark 1035. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "in loco…Ramprehtestetin/Ramarsstetin…in marchia et in comitatu Arnoldi marchionis" to "Adalrammo fideli nostro" by charter dated 1 Oct 1043 on the petition of "Gebehardi episcopi patrui nostri"[206]. The Vita Adalberones Episcopi Wirziburgensis records that "Arnoldus comes" founded the monastery of Lambach on the site of his destroyed castle, his wife and sons (except "Wirzburgense episcopo Adelberone") having died[207]. The necrology of Lambach records the death "V Non Mar" of "Arnoldus marchio"[208]. m (before 11 May 1025) REGINLIND [Regila], daughter of --- (-1 Feb [1050]). The Vita Adalberonis Episcopi Wirziburgensis records that "comes Arnoldus…in Lambacensi loco" married "Regila nobili uxore ex Francia orientali oriunda"[209]. According to Wegener, she was Reginlind, daughter of Godefroi Comte de Verdun & his wife Mechtild of Saxony [Billung][210]. He cites no primary source in support and it is difficult to see how she could have been described as "ex Francia orientali" if this parentage is correct. The hypothesis would certainly explain the transmission of the names Gottfried, Adalbero and Mechtild into this family, but there must be other explanations for this. "Chuonradus…rex" granted property "inter villam Frumanaha et inter fluvios Danubium et Maraha in comitatu Adalberti marchionis" to "fideli nostro comiti Arnoldo eiusque uxori Reginlinde ac filiis utrorumque" by charter dated 11 May 1025[211]. The necrology of Lambach records the death "Kal Feb" of "Regila marchionissa mater ep Adalberonis"[212]. Graf Arnold [II] & his wife had [five] children:

a) GOTTFRIED (-killed in battle 8 Feb 1050). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 18 Feb 1061 under which "Heinricus…rex" confirmed rights to Kloster Lambach "[in] bannum mercati in loco Wels et theloneum in Lambach" at the request of "Adalberonis Wirziburgensis episcopi" who names "parentes eius…avus Arnoldus et pater suus Arnoldus et frater suus Gotefridus"[213]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "in vallibus Ensetal et Baltal in comitatu Gotefredi comitis" to "Engelscalc…quale frater suus Rodolfus…beneficii habuit" by charter dated 2 May 1041[214]. Markgraf der Kärtner Mark. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "in loco Gestnic et in comitatu Hengest" to "nostro fideli Gotifredo marchioni" by charter dated 8 Nov 1042 on the petition of "Gebehardi Radasponensis ecclesiæ præsulis et Gotifredi ducis"[215]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "predium quæle visi sumus Livtoldasdorf habere in comitatu Gotefridi marchionis" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 7 Dec 1045[216]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "prediolum Rotenmannun in marchia Gotefridi et in valle pagoque Palta situm" to the church of Bamberg by charter dated 2 Oct 1048[217]. Graf [von Wels-Lambach]. The necrology of Lambach records the death "V Id Feb" of "Gotfridus marchio frater ep Alberonis"[218]. m ---. The name of Gottfried's wife is not known. Markgraf Gottfried & his wife had [two] children:

i) [daughter (before 1050-). Wegener[219] suggests that the Kärtner Mark was transmitted to the Otakaren family through this marriage with an otherwise unknown older daughter of Markgraf Gottfried. He does not, however, explain why the father and older brother of Markgraf Otakar II held the title before Otakar II himself succeeded as Markgraf in [1082]. In any case the marriage, if it is correct, must have taken place many years after the death of Markgraf Arnold II in [1055] as Graf Gottfried's daughters would have been infants when he died in 1050. The arguments are unconvincing for the existence of this person. m as his first wife, OTAKAR II Markgraf of Styria, son of OTAKAR I Markgraf der Kärnter Mark [Styria] & his wife Willibirg of Carinthia [Eppensteiner] (-28 Nov 1122).]

ii) MECHTILD (before 1050-[1100]). The Vita Adalberonis Episcopi Wirziburgensis records that "Gotfridum…marchionem [filium comitis Arnoldi…in Lambacensi loco]…filia" married "Ekkeberto comiti cuius castrum Niwenburc dictum", specifying that she had "urbs Putina" as dowry[220]. The Vita Wirntonis names "Mahtilt" as wife of "Eckebertus comes, avo suo Thymone"[221]. The Codex Traditionum of Formbach monastery records the foundation of the monastery by "Eckebertus comes…avo suo Thymone" and "uxor eius Mathilt…patrui sui Adalberonis episcopi"[222]. m [as his second wife,] EKBERT [I] Graf von Formbach, son of Graf TIEMO [II] [Tietmar] & his wife [--- von Braunschweig] (-1109).

b) ARNOLD [III] (-1 Feb [1050]). The necrology of Lambach records the death "Kal Feb" of "Arnoldus com frater ep Alberonis"[223]. m HAZIGA, daughter of --- (-1 Feb [1050]). The necrology of Lambach records the death "Kal Feb" of "Hacecha ux Arnoldi com"[224].

c) ADALBERO (-Kloster Lambach 6 Oct 1090, bur Kloster Lambach). "Heinricus…rex" confirmed rights to Kloster Lambach "[in] bannum mercati in loco Wels et theloneum in Lambach" by charter dated 18 Feb 1061 on the petition of "Adalberonis Wirziburgensis episcopi" who names "parentes eius…avus Arnoldus et pater suus Arnoldus et frater suus Gotefridus"[225]. He founded Kloster Lambach. Bishop of Würzburg 1045, resigned 1088. Altmann Bishop of Passau confirmed to Adalbero Bishop of Würzburg an earlier exchange between "avum eius Arnoldum" and an earlier bishop, relating to the foundation of Kloster Lambach, by charter dated to [1070], which names "parentes eius…pater Arnoldus et avus Arnoldus et marchio Gotefridus…patrui sui Arbonis episcopi" (probably spurious)[226].

d) [MATHILDE . Wegener refers to the wife of Graf Ratpoto [IV] as a possible daughter of Graf Arnold [II] but gives no basis for this speculation. m (before 1065) as his first wife, RATPOTO [IV] Graf von Cham, son of Graf DIETPOLD [I] & his wife --- (-killed in battle Hohenmölsen 15 Oct 1080).]

e) [daughter . Europäische Stammtafeln[227] suggests that the wife of Graf Otachar may have been a daughter of Markgraf Arnold but this is chronologically impossible, considering the possible date of Markgraf Arnold II's marriage and the likely date of death of Graf Otachar. m OTACHAR [Oci] Graf im Chiemgau, son of ARNULF Graf im Chiemgau & his wife --- (-5 Mar [1020]).]

2. [ARIBO . 1056. Bishop. Altmann Bishop of Passau confirmed to Adalbero Bishop of Würzburg an earlier exchange between "avum eius Arnoldum" and an earlier bishop, relating to the foundation of Kloster Lambach, by charter dated to [1070], which names "parentes eius…pater Arnoldus et avus Arnoldus et marchio Gotefridus…patrui sui Arbonis episcopi" (probably spurious)[228]. Wegener refers to the spurious foundation charter of Lambach in which Aribo is named "patruus" of Bishop Adalbero[229].]

Chapter 3. MARCHESI (MARKGRAFEN) in CARNIOLA, ISTRIA, FRIULIA DUKES of MERANO

A. MARCHESI of CARNIOLA and ISTRIA

1. WINTHER (-after 12 Mar 933). "Uuintherius marchio" agreed peace with "Petrus…dux Veneticorum" relating to Istria by charter dated 12 Mar 933[230].

1. UDALRICH von Ebersberg, son of ADALBERO Graf von Ebersberg & his wife Liutgard --- (-11 Mar 1029, bur Schloß Ebersberg). The Chronico Eberspergensi Posteriore names "Adelperum…pater Udalrici"[231]. Vogt von Obermünster [990]. Vogt von Tegernsee [1004/09]. "Heinricus…rex" donated property "in pago Spehtreino et in comitatu Odalrici comitis" to Bamberg by charter dated [1011/12][232]. Marchese di Carniola 1011. The Chronico Eberspergense records that he died "senex IV Id Mar 1029" and was buried "Ebersperc iuxta coniugem"[233]. The necrology of Ebersberg records the death "V Id Mar" of "Odelrich com"[234]. Graf Udalrich & his wife had six children:

a) EBERHARD [II] (-24 Jul [1041/44]). The Chronico Eberspergensi Posteriore names "Adalperonem et Eberhardum et Willibirgam et alias tres filias" as the children of "Udalricus" & his wife[235]. Graf von Ebersberg. "Henricus…rex" donated property "Emminchouun et Walahanaspah in pago --- et in comitatu Ebbonis" to the bishopric of Bamberg by charter dated 1 Dec 1013[236], which may refer to Eberhard Graf von Ebersberg. He founded Kloster Geisenfeld am Obb in 1037. Marchese di Carniola 1040. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed the privilieges of Kloster Ebersberg by charter dated [25 Dec 1039/I Jan 1040], with the consent of "nobilis comes Adalbero…uxore sua Rihclinda…Aalbero fraterque eius Eberhardus"[237]. The necrology of Ebersberg records the death "IX Kal Aug" of "Eberhardus com filius Odalrici"[238]. The necrology of Freising Cathedral records the death "IX Kal Aug" of "Ebarhart com"[239]. The Breve Chronicon Ex MS. Prumiensi records the death of “Erpo comes” in 1041[240], which may refer to Eberhard [II] Graf von Ebersberg.

b) other children: GRAFEN von EBERSBERG.

B. COUNTS in ISTRIA and FRIULIA

1. WERIAND [Wecellin?], son of --- (-1051). Conte in Istria and Friulia. A charter dated 3 Nov 1001 records a judgment relating to a grant by Emperor Otto III to "Uverihen comes" in a session at which "Fulco comes, Egelre comes, Lanfrancus comes, comites Vicentino atque Patavino Uualferam et Ceisulf comitibus…" were present[241]. m WILLIBIRG von Ebersberg, daughter of UDALRICH Graf von Ebersberg [Sieghardinger] & his wife Richardis von Viehbach [Eppensteiner] (-25 Nov after 1056). The Chronico Eberspergensi Posteriore names "Adalperonem et Eberhardum et Willibirgam et alias tres filias" as the children of "Udalricus" & his wife, recording in a later passage that Willibirg was "in eodem monasterio"[242]. Her marriage is deduced from the Chronico Eberspergense which names "Hadamuoden neptem suam [Oudalrici Eberspergensi] de filia Willibirga", specifying that her maternal grandfather granted her properties in "Sevun, Otacheresperc…Niuunchirchen …Huntilpach" as his sons had no surviving children[243]. She was the sister of Eberhard Marchese di Carniola and Graf von Ebersberg (see Part A. above), who died without surviving issue. It is not known whether she inherited Carniola from her brother and passed it to her husband. "Comitissa Willibirch" donated property to Geisenfeld monastery, at the request of "filie sue Liutkarde", in memory of "defunctique mariti Werigandi"[244]. "Domina Wilpurga mater Histriensium totius nobilitatis compos, quondam comitis et comitissa procreata" donated property to San Michele de Leme, with the consent of "domini Wecellini et…domini Woldorici et…filiorum et filiarum suarum…domni Joannis fratrumque suorum…domine Azciche filie sue", by charter dated 12 Jul 1040[245]. The necrology of Ebersberg records the death "VII Kal Dec" of "Willipirc com filia O"[246]. Weriand & his wife had two children:

a) LIUTGARD . "Comitissa Willibirch" donated property to Geisenfeld monastery, at the request of "filie sue Liutkarde", in memory of "defunctique mariti Werigandi"[247].

b) HADAMUT [Azica] (-after 1040). The Chronico Eberspergense names "Hadamuoden neptem suam [Oudalrici Eberspergensi] de filia Willibirga", specifying that her maternal grandfather granted her properties in "Sevun, Otacheresperc…Niuunchirchen …Huntilpach" as his sons had no surviving children[248]. Heiress of Istria. "Domina Azcica…patre Wecelino et Wilpurga…matre Hystriensium quondam comite et comitissa procreata" donated property to the monastery of San Michele di Leme, with the consent of "domine Wilpurge matris sue…et…domini Wolderici filii sui" by charter dated 12 May 1040[249]. m POPPO von Weimar, son of WILHELM II "der Große" Graf im Visichgau [Weimar] & his wife --- (-13 Jul before 1044). He succeeded in 1012 as POPPO I Marchese di Carniola e Istria.

C. MARCHESI of CARNIOLA and ISTRIA (GRAFEN von WEIMAR)

POPPO von Weimar, son of WILHELM II "der Große" Graf im Visichgau [Weimar] & his wife --- (-13 Jul before 1044). The Annalista Saxo records "Popo" father of "Odalricum" as brother of "Willehelmi et Ottonis marchionum"[250], but this is chronologically difficult to sustain. It is therefore more likely that Poppo was the son of Wilhelm [II] than Wilhelm [III] but the primary source which confirms this has not yet been identified. He succeeded in 1012 as POPPO I Marchese di Carniola e Istria.

m HADAMUT of Istria, daughter of WERIAND Conte di Istria e Friulia & his wife Willibirg [Sieghardinger] (-after 1040). The Chronico Eberspergense names "Hadamuoden neptem suam [Oudalrici Eberspergensi] de filia Willibirga", specifying that her maternal grandfather granted her properties in "Sevun, Otacheresperc…Niuunchirchen …Huntilpach" as his sons had no surviving children[251]. Heiress of Istria. "Domina Azcica…patre Wecelino et Wilpurga…matre Hystriensium quondam comite et comitissa procreata" donated property to the monastery of San Michele di Leme, with the consent of "domine Wilpurge matris sue…et…domini Wolderici filii sui" by charter dated 12 May 1040[252].

Marchese Poppo & his wife had one child:

1. ULRICH (-6 Mar 1070). The Annalista Saxo names Ulrich as son of Poppo[253]. "Domina Azcica" donated property to the monastery of San Michele di Leme, with the consent of "domine Wilpurge matris sue…et…domini Wolderici filii sui" by charter dated 12 May 1040[254]. He succeeded in 1045 as ULRICH I Marchese di Carniola, and in 1060 as Marchese di Istria. ""Marchio Odalricus" donated property "predium Lescah" [Leschach] to Brixen by charter dated to before 1063[255]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "in pago Histrie…in comitatu Odalrici marchionis" to "prefato Odalrico marchioni" by charter dated 31 Jul 1064[256]. "Heinricus…rex" donated property "in pago Istria in marcha Odalrici marchionis" to the church of Freising by charter dated 5 Mar 1067 supported by "Ekkiberti marchionis, Odalrici marchionis"[257]. The Annalista Saxo records the death of "Odalricus marchio Carentinorum" in 1070[258]. m ([1062/63]) as her first husband, SOPHIA of Hungary, daughter of BÉLA I King of Hungary & his wife [Ryksa] of Poland ([1045/50]-18 Jun 1095, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). The Annalista Saxo names "sororem Ladizlai regis Ungarie Sophiam" as wife of Ulrich, and in a later passage records her second marriage[259]. Sophia has therefore generally been assumed to be the daughter of Béla I King of Hungary[260]. According to Wegener[261], she was the daughter of King Béla by Tuta von Formbach, whom he suggests was the king's second wife. His argument is based on connections with the monastery of Suben (near Schärding in Upper Austria), founded in 1040. He explains that Tuta is named in 1153 as "die Gründerin von Suben, Königin", and that in a later document at the monastery she is more specifically referred to as "Königin von Ungarn". The author makes the connection with Sophia by highlighting the burial at Suben of Udalschalk Graf im Lurngau and his wife Adelheid. He identifies the latter as Sophia's daughter by her first husband who, he suggests, married Udalschalk after the death of her earlier husband Friedrich I Domvogt von Regensburg. The major difficulty with this hypothesis is Sophia's own birth date. She must have been before [1050] at the latest given the birth of her three (possibly four) children by her first husband, who died in early 1070. If Sophia was King Béla's daughter, her mother must have been his Polish wife who, according to Europäische Stammtafeln[262], died after 1059. An alternative possibility is that she was Tuta's daughter, but by another king of Hungary. Europäische Stammtafeln[263] shows Tuta as the wife of Péter Orseolo King of Hungary. Contemporary political realities suggest that a prominent marriage for a daughter of the disgraced King Péter is unlikely. Until more information comes to light, it is safer to assume that Sophia was the daughter of King Béla and [Ryksa] of Poland, and that another (so far unidentified) factor explains the apparent connection between Tuta and Sophia through Suben monastery. Sophia married secondly ([1070/71]) Magnus of Saxony [Billung], who succeeded his father in 1072 as Magnus Duke in Saxony. Her second marriage is confirmed by the Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis which names "Sophia filia regis Ungarorum Wadreslai" as wife of "Magnus dux"[264], although King László was her brother not her father. Sophia's second marriage presumably took place soon after the death of her first husband in Mar 1070 as Duke Magnus was imprisoned later in 1070. The Annalista Saxo records the death of "Sophia quoque ductrix…14 Kal Iunii"[265]. Marchese Ulrich I and his wife had five children:

a) POPPO (-1098). The Historia Welforum names "Popponem marchionem" as son of "cuidam de Carinthia" & his wife "Sophia"[266]. He succeeded as POPPO II Marchese di Carniola e Istria. m as her [first/second] husband, RICHGARD von Sponheim, [widow of BERTHOLD [I] von Regensburg und Schwarzenburg,] daughter of ENGELBERT Graf von Sponheim Graf im Pustergau & his wife Hadwig --- (-10 Apr [1130]). Her marriage is indicated by the Fundatio Sancti Pauli in Carinthia which names "Poppo gener comitis" as first witness to a charter of Engelbert dated 2 Dec 1092, although this do not specify her name[267]. Her origin is confirmed by the source dated [1106], cited by Wegener, in which Richkart widowed Gräfin von Wasserburg donated property to Kloster St Paul witnessed by her brothers Bernhard and Heinrich[268]. However, the primary source which states clearly that the wife of Graf Gebhard was the widow of Poppo has not yet been identified. She married thirdly Gebhard Graf von Diessen. Marchese Poppo II and his wife had six children:

i) [POPPO (-after 1117). The primary source which confirms his existence has not yet been identified.]

ii) ULRICH (-1124). The primary source which confirms his existence has not yet been identified.

iii) SIEGHARD (-1124). The primary source which confirms his existence has not yet been identified. Priest.

iv) SOPHIE ([1095/98]-16 Sep ----, bur Diessen). The Historia Welforum refers to the two daughters of "Poponem marchionem", specifying that they married "unam Bertholfo comiti de Andehse, aliam Alberto comiti de Bogen"[269]. Her birth date range is estimated from the probable age of her father and his death in 1098. The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses records the death "VIII Id Sep" of "Sophia comitissa uxor Pertoldi comitis" specifying that she was buried "in capitulo"[270]. m as his first wife, BERTOLD [I] von Andechs Graf von Diessen, son of [ARNOLD Graf von Diessen & his wife Gisela von Schweinfurt] (-27 Jun 1151, bur Diessen).

v) HEDWIG (-[Kloster Windberg 1 Dec 1162]). The Historia Welforum refers to the two daughters of "Poponem marchionem", specifying that they married "unam Bertholfo comiti de Andehse, aliam Alberto comiti de Bogen"[271]. The De Advocatis Altahensibus names "Hadwigam" as wife of "Aschwinus…comes de Bogen…dicitur Adilpertum comitem", specifying that her husband was "advocatus Altahensis ecclesie"[272]. Her supposed first marriage has not yet been corroborated by primary sources. Wegener records that Hadewich, widow of Graf Heriman, donated property to Göttweig with her son Heriman by charter dated [1122], witnessed by Adalbert son of Markgraf Luitpold[273], but this does not link her to the Hedwig who was the wife of Graf Adalbert. "Adalbertum comitem uxoremque eius Hadwicam de Windeberge" donated property to Oberaltaich[274]. The necrology of Oberaltaich records the death "Kal Dec" of "Hadewic com^a"[275]. Both of these necrology entries refer to the widow of Graf Hermann, who in particular was clearly linked to Windberg, but do not provide proof that she was the same person as the widow of Graf Adalbert. [m firstly as his second wife, HERMANN [I] Graf von Windberg, Ratelberg und Winzenburg, Markgraf von Sachsen, son of MEGINHARD [IV] Graf Vogt von Niederaltaich [Formbach] & his wife Mathilde von Reinhausen (-Vornbach 1122).] m [secondly] as his second wife, ADALBERT [II] Graf von Bogen, son of ADALBERT [I] & his wife Luitgard von Regensburg (-13 Jan 1146).

b) ULRICH (-13 May 1112). The Annalista Saxo names him, and specifies his parentage, as well as his marriage to "filiam Lodowici comitis de Thuringia"[276]. Graf von Weimar 1067, although he would only have been a child at this date. He succeeded his brother in 1098 as ULRICH II Marchese di Carniola e Istria. The Ekkehardi Chronicon records the death in 1112 of "quidam de Saxonie principus…Oudalricus", specifying that he was "Ludewici comitis gener" but that he had repudiated his wife[277]. m (before 1102, repudiated) ADELHEID von Thüringen, daughter of LUDWIG "der Salier/der Springer" Graf in Thüringen & his wife Adelheid von Stade ([1087]-1146). The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis names "Adelheidis" as third daughter of Graf Ludwig & his wife, recording that she married "Udalrico comiti…de Wymar"[278]. The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death in 1146 of "Alheidis comitissa filia secunda Lodewici"[279].

c) --- (-after 1091). The Historia Welforum refers to the four daughters of "Sophia ex duce Maginone", specifying that "terciam…duxit dux Maravie, quartam quam Egenhardus comes de Scirin a quodam monaterio…in Ratispona abstulit"[280]. It is clear from many other sources that Sophia and her second husband Magnus of Saxony only had two daughters, Wulfhild and Eilika. It is assumed therefore that the two other daughters referred to were her children by her first marriage with Ulrich of Istria, although the primary source which confirms this clearly has not yet been identified. Her husband has generally been identified as Konrad of Bohemia Duke of Brno, son of Břetislav Duke of the Bohemians & his wife Judith von Schweinfurt (-6 Sep 1092). Although the birth date of Duke Konrad is not known, the sons of Duke Břetislav appear to have been born in the [1030/40] range. The children of Marchese Ulrich, on the other hand, were born [1065/70], which would mean a considerable age difference if Duke Konrad was the correct Duke of Moravia. In addition, it would be impossible for the couple's son Udalrich to have had a daughter who was already alive in 1096 (see MORAVIA). If Duke Konrad were her husband, the Chronica Boemorum names "Wirpirk" as wife of "Chonradi"[281]. Another possibility which is more acceptable from a chronological point of view is that this daughter's husband was Udalrich Duke of Moravia, son of Duke Konrad & his wife Wirpirk [Hildburg] --- (-27 Mar 1113) and who is recorded as having a daughter alive in 1096.

d) RICHGARD (-before 1128). The Historia Welforum refers to the four daughters of "Sophia ex duce Maginone", specifying that "terciam…duxit dux Maravie, quartam quam Egenhardus comes de Scirin a quodam monaterio…in Ratispona abstulit"[282]. It is clear from many other sources that Sophia and her second husband Magnus of Saxony only had two daughters, Wulfhild and Eilika. It is assumed therefore that the two other daughters referred to were her children by her first marriage with Ulrich of Istria, although the primary source which confirms this clearly has not yet been identified. While there appears to be some confusion in this text, it does clarify that the daughter of Sophia of Hungary married Graf Ekkehart not his brother Graf Otto, the latter being favoured by Wegener[283]. The primary source which names her has not yet been identified, although the necrology of Undensdorf records the death "XII Kal Jun" of "Wichart com^a"[284] which may refer to Richgard. m EKKEHARD Graf von Scheyern, son of OTTO [I] Graf von Scheyern [Wittelsbach] & his second wife Hazziga [Hadagunda] von Scheyern (-before 1088, bur Fischbachau, transferred 1127 to Scheyern).

e) ADELHEID (-Kloster Tegernsee before 1124, maybe [1122]). The Historia Welforum refers to "aliam sororem eius quidam comes [=Poponem marchionem]" having been taken from her cloister by "quidam comes" by whom she had "Fridericum Ratisponensem advocatum"[285]. A charter dated to [1100/05] records donations to Oberaltaich by "Friedrich et Adelheit uxor eius" and "filius eius Oudalrich…Hartuich filius Adelheit…filia eius Touta…Friderich filius eius"[286]. A charter dated 1104 records donations to Oberaltaich by "Adelheit advocata et tres filii eius Udalrich clericus, Fridreich advocatus matricula Tyberine civitatis Hartwich" and "Leukart de Windberg et duo fili eius Bertoldus, Albertus"[287]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. "Adelhaid commitissa…cum filio suo Altmanno" donated property to Suben priory by charter dated to before 1124[288]. m firstly as his first wife FRIEDRICH Domvogt von Regensburg, son of FRIEDRICH [I] & his wife [Tota] von Regensburg. 1095. m secondly as his second wife, UDALSCHALK Graf im Lurngau und Gündlkofen [Hirschberg], son of HARTWIG [II] Graf an der unteren Ampar & his wife Avisa --- (-20 Nov [1115]).

D. MARCHESE of ISTRIA (GRAFEN von MOOSBURG)

1. BURKHARD [II], son of [BURKHARD [I] [Moosburg] & his wife ---] (-[1106/13 Feb 1107]). His parentage is proved by the Vita Chuonradi Archiepiscopi which names "Perhtoldo…de Mosburch…fratrem principis Purchardi"[289], and the source cited by Wegener which refers to Archbishop Berthold "filius quondam Purchardi"[290]. However, one potential difficulty is presented by the charter of Emperor Heinrich III dated 12 May 1093 which names "…Burchardi marchionis…Burchardi fratris Burchardi marchionis…"[291]. Although this would not be a unique example of full brothers having the same names, it would be unusual and does suggest a more remote fraternal relationship, maybe uterine brothers. He succeeded as BURKHARD Marchese di Istria in 1093, until 1101. "Heinricus…tertius Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the donation of property "predio quod nobis dux Heinricus de Carinthia filius domini Marquardi dedit" to Kloster St Gallen at the request of "Odalrici patriarche consanguinei nostri…Dieboldi marchionis, Werinheri marchionis, Burchardi marchionis, Heinrici de Houerdorf, Burchardi fratris Burchardi marchionis, Adelberti de Hortenburc, Emelrici de Bosco" by charter dated 12 May 1093[292]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" took St Peter, Padua under his protection at the request of "Burchardi marchionis, Maginfredi comitis" by charter dated 1095[293]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights of St Maria, Pomposa in property "quod Ugo marchio filius Huberti dedit" at the request of "marchionis Warnerii atque…marchionis Burchardi" by charter dated 7 Oct 1095[294]. Wegener refers to a source which records the appointment of Burchard as Vogt of Aquileia in 1101, witnessed by "Purcardus frater advocati et filius eius Purcardus"[295]. m ACICA, daughter of --- (-after 13 Feb 1107). "Acica relicta quondam Pucardi marchisi…cum propinquo meo Wilelm de loco Puzolo" [Pozzuolo] donated her property in Italy to "Conradus et Mactilt ambo jugales filia et genere meo" by charter dated 13 Feb 1107, signed by "Torincus vicecomes et Regenardus filius eius…"[296]. Burkhard & his wife had two children:

a) son (-before 13 Feb 1107). His existence is confirmed by the charter dated 20 Jan 1112 under which his sister "Mattild filia quondam Purcardi" sold her properties in Italy inherited from "patris vel matris seu fratris" to "Petrus sacerdos"[297]. He must have died before his mother granted all her Italian lands to his sister Mathilde.

b) MATHILDE (-after 20 Jan 1112). "Acica relicta quondam Pucardi marchisi…cum propinquo meo Wilelm de loco Puzolo" [Pozzuolo] donated her property in Italy to "Conradus et Mactilt ambo jugales filia et genere meo" by charter dated 13 Feb 1107, signed by "Torincus vicecomes et Regenardus filius eius…"[298]. Wegener refers to a source dated 3 Oct 1102 which names "Conradus advocatus Aquilegiensis" and his wife Mathilde[299]. He also refers to Archbishop Berthold "filius quondam Purchardi" granting Schloß Attems in Friulia to his relatives Konrad and Mathilde dated 8 Nov 1106[300]. "Mattild filia quondam Purcardi" sold her properties in Italy inherited from "patris vel matris seu fratris" to "Petrus sacerdos" by charter dated 20 Jan 1112, subject to her lifetime use and that of "filii et filie predicte Mattilde…ex Cuonorado viro suo"[301]. m (before 3 Oct 1102) KONRAD Vogt of Aquileia, son of UDALSCHALK Graf im Lurngau & his first wife Emma [von Lechsgemünd] (-before 20 Jan 1112).

E. MARCHESE of ISTRIA (GRAFEN von SPONHEIM)

ENGELBERT [II] von Sponheim, son of ENGELBERT I von Sponheim Graf im Krainchgau, im Pustertal und von Sponheim & his wife Hadwig --- (-1141). He succeeded in 1107 as ENGELBERT I Marchese di Istria. The documents dated Feb 1111 relating to the coronation of Heinrich V King of Germany as emperor name "Fridericum filium sororis suæ, marchionem Engilbertum, marchionem Thiebaldus, comitem Hermannum, Fridericum palatinum comitem de Saxonia, Berlingarium de Bavaria, Godefridum comitem, Fridericum Saxonum, Albertum cancellarium, Cononem fratri Berengarii, Sigebot de Bavaria, Henricum ducem Carinthie, Bertoldum filium ducis Bertoldi" as the emperor's guarantors[302]. He was installed in 1124 as ENGELBERT Duke of Carinthia, until 1135.

F. MARCHESE of ISTRIA (GRAFEN von ANDECHS)

BERTOLD [II] von Andechs, son of BERTOLD [I] Graf von Andechs & his first wife Sophia of Istria (-14 Dec 1188, bur Diessen). "Berhtolfus Comes de Diezzen" donated serfs to Diessen monastery, in the presence of "uxore sua Sophia et filiis suis Poppone et Bertolfo"[308]. His parentage is confirmed by the Notæ Diessenses which record the death "1188 XIX Kal Ian" of "Berhtoldus marchio de Andehs…filius Berhtoldi comitis fundatoris nostre ecclesie"[309]. Graf von Andechs 1147. A charter dated to [1150] records that "Poppo comes de Gieche" donated property to Admont before leaving for Jerusalem for the soul of "filio suo Heinrico", but that after he died on his expedition "frater eius Perchtoldus comes" reduced the amount of the donation[310]. Graf von Plassenburg [1158/61]. Graf am unteren Inn 1162. Graf im Norital and Vogt von Brixen 1166. He succeeded in 1173 as BERTOLD I Marchese di Istria. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1188 XIX Kal Ian" of "Berhtoldus marchio de Andehs…filius Berhtoldi comitis fundatoris nostre ecclesie" specifying that he was buried "in capitolio"[311].

m firstly (before 1153) HEDWIG, daughter of --- (-16 Jul 1174, bur Diessen). The Notæ Diessenses record the death "XVII Kal Aug" of "Hadewic comitissa", specifying that she was buried "in capitolio"[312]. The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses records the death in 1176 of "Hiadwigis uxor eius [=Pertoldi marchio Ystrie]"[313]. The necrology of Diessen records the death "1176 Kal Aug XVII" of "Hadewic com sepulta in capitolio…uxor Berhtoldi marchionis"[314]. Her origin is less clear. Wegener refers to the testament of Friedrich Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach which names Berthold II Graf von Andechs as his near relative and concludes that Hedwig must therefore have been Friedrich's sister[315], and therefore Hedwig von Wittelsbach, daughter of Otto II Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach & his wife Heilika von Lengenfeld-Hopfenohe-Pettendorf. However, there must be other possibilities.

m secondly ([1180], divorced) LUITGARD of Denmark, daughter of SVEND III "Grade" King of Denmark & his wife Adelheid von Meissen. The Genealogia Wettinensis names "Lucardem quam duxit Bertoldus marchio de Bavaria" as daughter of "Adela [von Meissen] [et] regi Danorum Suenoni", noting that they were separated with episcopal consent because of adultery[316].

Marchese Bertold & his first wife had four children:

1. BERTOLD (-12 Aug 1204, bur Diessen). The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses names "Pertoldus dux Meranie marchio Ystrie…filius Pertoldi marchionis" when recording his death in 1204[317]. He succeeded his father in 1188 as Graf von Andechs. Marchese of Istria, Duke of Merano.

- DUKES of MERANO.

2. SOPHIA (-2 Jan 1218). The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses lists (in order) "Poppo summus prepositus Babenberch, Mathildis marchionissa de Hohenburch, Kunigundis comitissa de Eberstein, Sophia comitissa de Hennenberch, Berhtoldus dux et marchio…"[318], increasing the probability that all were children of "Berhtoldus marchio". The necrology of Diessen records the death "IV Non Jan" of "Sophia com"[319]. m (before 1182) POPPO [VI] Graf von Henneberg, son of BERTHOLD [I] Graf von Henneberg Burggraf von Würzburg & his wife Bertha von Putelendorf (-Morgato, Syria 14 Jun [1190]).

3. KUNIGUNDE (-10 Feb after 1207). The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses lists (in order) "Poppo summus prepositus Babenberch, Mathildis marchionissa de Hohenburch, Kunigundis comitissa de Eberstein, Sophia comitissa de Hennenberch, Berhtoldus dux et marchio…"[320], increasing the probability that all were children of "Berhtoldus marchio". It is not known which Graf von Eberstein was Kunigunde's husband, but Graf Eberhard [III] is the best fit from a chronological point of view. The necrology of Diessen records the death "IV Id Feb" of "Chunigundis com"[321]. m [EBERHARD [III] Graf von Eberstein, son of BERTHOLD [IV] Graf [von Eberstein] & his wife Uta --- (-before 1219).]

4. MATHILDE (-17 Jan 1245). The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses lists (in order) "Poppo summus prepositus Babenberch, Mathildis marchionissa de Hohenburch [error for comitissa Coricie?], Kunigundis comitissa de Eberstein, Sophia comitissa de Hennen berch, Berhtoldus dux et marchio…"[322], increasing the probability that all were children of "Berhtoldus marchio". The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses records the death "1245 XVI Kal Feb" of "Machtildis comitissa Coricie…soror Pertoldi quondam ducis Meranie"[323]. Contessa di Pisino 1222. m ([1190]) as his second wife, ENGELBERT [III] Graf von Görz, son of ENGELBERT [II] Graf von Görz & his wife Adelheid von Valley [Wittelsbach] (-[1220]).

Marchese Bertold & his wife had two children:

5. POPPO (-2 Dec 1245). The Genealogia Wettinensis names "Popponem Bavenbergensem prepositum et Bertam Gerbestadensem abbatissam" as children of "Lucardem [et] Bertoldus marchio de Bavaria"[324]. The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses names "Poppo episcopus Babenbergensis…frater Pertoldi quondam ducis Meranie" when recording his death in 1245[325]. Provost of St Jakob 1185/1201. Provost of St Stephan 1190. He was elected Bishop of Bamberg 1239. The necrology of Diessen records the death "IV Non Dec" of "Poppo maior ppos Babenbergensis 1245 Bertholdi ducis Meranie"[326].

6. BERTA . The Genealogia Wettinensis names "Popponem Bavenbergensem prepositum et Bertam Gerbestadensem abbatissam" as children of "Lucardem [et] Bertoldus marchio de Bavaria"[327]. Abbess of Gerbstedt bei Eisleben 1190.

G. DUKES of MERANO (WITTELSBACH)

KONRAD [II] von Dachau, son of KONRAD [I] Graf von Dachau [Scheyern] & his wife Willibirg --- (-killed in battle Bergamo 18 Feb 1159, bur Scheyern). The Chronicon Schirense names (in order) "Arnoldum et Chounradum" as the two sons of "Chounradus", specifying that Konrad held "Dalmatiæ ducatum" and was buried at Scheyern[328]. Vogt of St Andreas at Freising [1150]. Graf von Dachau 1152. Duke of Merano 1153. The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "XII Kal Mar" of "Chunradus dux de Dach"[329].

1. KONRAD [III] von Dachau (-8 Oct 1182, bur Scheyern). The Chronicon Schirense names "Chonradus" as son of "Chounradum [Dalmatiæ ducis]", specifying that he died without heirs and was buried at Scheyern "in sepulcro patris et attavi et proavi"[330]. Graf von Dachau, Duke of Merano. The Annales Schaftlarienses record the death of "Chounradus dux de Dachau" in 1182[331]. The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "VIII Id Oct" of "Chunradus dux de Dachawe"[332].

H. DUKES of MERANO, MARCHESI of ISTRIA and CARNIOLA (GRAFEN von ANDECHS)

BERTOLD von Andechs, son of BERTHOLD II Marchese di Istria Graf von Andechs & his first wife Hedwig von Wittelsbach (-12 Aug 1204, bur Diessen). The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses names "Pertoldus dux Meranie marchio Ystrie…filius Pertoldi marchionis" when recording his death in 1204[333]. He succeeded his father in 1188 as Graf von Andechs. Marchese of Istria, Duke of Merano. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1204 III Id Aug" of "Berhtoldus dux Meranie et marchio Ystrie" specifying that he was buried "in capitolio"[334]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Id Aug" of "Bertoldus dux Meranie"[335].

m (before 1180) AGNES von Wettin, daughter of DEDO V "der Feiste" Markgraf der Niederlausitz, Graf von Eilenburg & his wife Mathilde von Heinsberg heiress of Sommerschenburg (-25 Mar 1195, bur Diessen). The Genealogica Wettinensis names "Tidericum…Philippum Scantensem preopositum, Gozwinum et Heinricum…et Conradum marchionem et filiam Agnetem" as children of "Dedo comes de Rochelitz" & his wife, specifying that Agnes married "duci de Meran"[336]. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1195 VIII Kal Apr" of "Agnes ducissa" specifying that she was buried "in capitolio"[337]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "VIII Kal Apr" of "Agnes comitissa Meragnie"[338].

Duke Bertold & his wife had nine children:

1. OTTO (-Besançon 7 May 1234, bur Langheim). The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses names "Otto dux Meranie…filius ducis Pertoldi, frater Heinrici marchionis" when recording his death in 1234[339]. He succeeded in 1205 as OTTO I Duke of Merano. He succeeded in 1211 as OTHON [II] Comte Palatin de Bourgogne. Marchese di Istria 1228/1230. He negotiated a loan of 15,000 livres from Champagne, with Bourgogne-Comté as security in 1237. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1234 Non Mai" of "Otto dux Meranie" specifying that he was buried "Lancheim"[340]. m firstly (Bamberg 1208) BEATRIX de Bourgogne, daughter of OTHON I Comte Palatin de Bourgogne [Staufen] & his wife Marguerite Ctss de Blois (-7 May 1231, bur Langheim). The A Monacho Novi Monasterii Hoiensis Interpolata names "Otto comes Alemannus de Burgundia…filiam unicam Beatricem" as wife of "Otto dux Meranie"[341]. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1231 Non Mai" of "Beatrix ducissa Meranie"[342]. The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses records her death in 1232, specifying that she was buried "in Lancheim cum marito suo Ottone duce"[343]. m secondly as her first husband, SOPHIE von Anhalt, daughter of HEINRICH I Fürst von Anhalt & his wife Irmgard von Thüringen (-[23 Nov 1272/5 Jan 1274]). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Iuttam…Sophiam…Hedwigem" as daughters of "Henricum comitem de Anahalt" & his wife, specifying that Sophie married firstly "ducis Meranie" and secondly "comes Sifridus de Regenstein"[344]. She married secondly Siegfried [I] Graf von Regenstein, and thirdly Otto von Hadmersleben. The primary source which confirms her third marriage has not yet been identified. Comte Othon II & his first wife had six children:

a) OTTO von Andechs (-Burg Niesten 19 Jun 1248, bur Langheim). He succeeded his father in 1234 as OTTO II Duke of Merano, OTHON [III] Comte Palatin de Bourgogne. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1248 XIV Kal Iul" of "Otto dux Meranie, comes palatinus Burgundie iunior" specifying that he was buried "Lancheim"[345]. The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses records that he was killed "a suis veneno"[346].

b) five daughters: see BURGUNDY.

2. HEINRICH (-Windischgrätz 18 Jul 1228). The Continuatio Admuntensis names "episcopus Babenbergensis Ekebertus et frater eius Heinricus marchio Ystrie", recording their detention on suspicion of participating in the plot to murder Philipp King of Germany[347]. Marchese di Istria 1205. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1228 XV Kal Aug" of "Heinricus…marchio Ystrie, filius ducis Meranie Berhtoldi"[348]. It is likely that Heinrich was the same person as "Hainrici comitis de Andechs advocatus noster" whose death is recorded "XVII Kal Aug" in the necrology of Benedictbueren[349], although this was two days earlier than the date recorded for Heinrich's death in the Diessen sources. Although no other sources have been to found to confirm that Heinrich was Vogt of Benedictbueren, the necrology of the latter also records the deaths of "Ottonis senioris et Ottonis iunioris duces Meranie advocati noster" about whose identity there can be no doubt. m (before 1207) SOPHIA von Weichselburg, daughter of ALBERT Graf von Weichselburg & his wife --- (-28 Feb 1256). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1256 II Kal Mar" of "Sophia marchionissa [uxor] Hainrici marchyonis Ystrie"[350]. The necrology of Diessen also records the death "1256 II Kal Mar" of "Sophia marchionissa", also recording her donation to the monastery after the death of "mariti sui Hainrici marchionis Ystrie"[351].

3. EKBERT (-Vienna 6 Jun 1237, bur Bamberg). The Continuatio Admuntensis names "episcopus Babenbergensis Ekebertus et frater eius Heinricus marchio Ystrie", recording their detention on suspicion of participating in the plot to murder Philipp King of Germany[352]. Provost of St Gangolf, Bamberg 1192. Provost at Theuerstadt 1196. Bishop of Bamberg 1203. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1237 VIII Id Iun" of "Ekebertus Babenbergensis episcopus, filius Berhtoldi ducis Meranie"[353].

4. BERTOLD (-23 May 1252). Elected Archbishop of Kalocsa 1206, installed 1212. Patriarch of Aquileia 1218. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1252 X Kal Iun" of "Berhtoldus Aquileigensis patriarcha…filius Berhtoldi ducis Meranie"[354].

5. daughter . It is not known to which of Marchese Berthold's daughters this betrothal relates. The betrothal was arranged by Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" while he was passing through Serb territory as leader of the Third Crusade to seal good relations with the Serbs. It appears that the marriage never took place[355]. The primary source which confirms the betrothal has not yet been identified. Betrothed (27 Jul 1189, 24 Apr 1190) to TOLJEN Nemanjić, son of MIROSLAV Grand Knez of Hum & his wife --- of Bosnia.

6. AGNES ([1180]-Château de Poissy, Yvelines [18/20] Jul 1201, bur église abbatiale de Saint-Corentin, Rosay, near Mantes, Yvelines). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage in 1196 of "Philippus [rex]" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et marchionis Histrie"[356]. The Gestis Philippi II Augusti records the marriage in Jun 1196 of "Philippus rex" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et Boemie marchionisque Hystrie"[357]. The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses names "Agnes regina Francie…filia Pertoldi quondam ducis Meranie" when recording her death, in 1250 which is incorrect[358]. The Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon records the third marriage of "Philippus [rex]" and "filiam Bertoldi ducis de Durenbon", recording that she died giving birth to her third child[359]. Her children were recognised as legitimate by Pope Innocent III 2 Nov 1201. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1201 of "mater…Philippus puer et Maria soror eius" and her burial "iuxta Melentam in ecclesie beati Corentini"[360]. The necrology of Diessen records the death "Kal Aug XIII" of "Chuniza Agnes regina Francie filia ducis Meranie Berhtoldi"[361]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIV Kal Aug" of "Agnes regina Francie"[362]. m (1 Jun 1196, divorced 1200) PHILIPPE II "Auguste" King of France, son of LOUIS VII King of France & his third wife Alix de Champagne (Château de Gonesse, Val d’Oise 21 Aug 1165-Mantes, Yvelines 14 Jul 1223, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).

7. GERTRUD (-murdered 8 Sep 1213). The Continuatio Admuntensis refers to "filiam Perhtoldi ducis Meranie" as wife of "Andream fratrem suum [=rex Heinricus Ungarorum]", recording that she was deprived of all her goods and sent back home when her husband was arrested in 1203, but recalled after the death of King Imre in 1204[363]. She was killed by a conspiracy of nobles shocked by the life of luxury she led and favouritism she showed to her German relatives, recounted in Józsel Katona's historical drama Bánk bán[364]. The Chronicon Dubnicense records that "Gerdrudis de Alamana" wife of "Andreas filius Bele" was killed by "Bankbanus de genere Bor oriundus" and buried "in monasterio griseorum monachorum de Pelys"[365]. The Continuatio Prædictorum Vindobonensium records that "Gerdrudis regina Ungarie" was killed "campestri tentorio IV Kal Oct 1213, eo quot fratri suo carnali patriarche Aquilegensi uxorem Bantzi procaverat, qui teutonice Prenger vocatur"[366]. The necrology of Diessen records the death "IV Kal Oct" of "Gerdrudis regina Ungarie ab hominibus illius terre interfecta…filia Berhtoldi ducis Meranie"[367]. The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses records that "Gerdrudis regina Ungarie…filia Pertoldi quondam ducis Meranie" was killed "IV Kal Oct" in 1200, although the year is incorrect[368]. m (before 1203) as his first wife, ANDRÁS II King of Hungary, son of BÉLA III King of Hungary & his first wife Agnès [Anna] de Châtillon-sur-Loing (1176-21 Sep 1235, bur Egrecz, Cistercian Abbey).

8. HEDWIG ([1176/80]-14 May 1243, bur Trebnitz). The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum names "Hedwigem…filiam ducis Meranie Bertoldi, sororem domine Gerdrudis regine Ungarie et domine Engeldrudis regine Francie" as wife of "Henricus dictus cum barba"[369]. The Annales Wratislavienses name "sancte Hedwigis" as wife of "dux…Heinricus dictus cum barba"[370]. She founded an abbey of Cistercian nuns at Trzebnica [Trebnitz] near Wrocław [Breslau], where she cultivated the cult of her niece of St Elisabeth of Hungary. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie record the death "1243 VII Id Oct" of "mater iam dicti Henrici beata Hedwigis" and her canonisation "1266 VIII Kal Dec"[371]. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1241 II Id Oct" of "Hædewigis ducisse Zlesie, filia Berhtildi ducis Meranie"[372]. She was canonised in 1267[373]. m ([1188/92]) HEINRICH of Silesia, son of BOLESLAW Duke of Breslau [Piast] & his second wife Christina --- ([1165/70]-Krosno 19 Mar 1238). He succeeded in 1231 as HEINRICH I Duke of Lower Silesia, Krakow and Greater Poland.

9. MECHTILD (-1 Dec 1254). Nun at St Theodor, Bamberg before 1214. Abbess of Kitzingen 1215. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1254 Kal Dec" of "Macthildis abbatissa Kitzingen, filia Bertholdi ducis Meranie"[374].

Chapter 4. GRAFEN im CHIEMGAU

A. GRAFEN im CHIEMGAU (OTAKARE FAMILY)

The early generations of this family cannot be reconstructed with certainty. In no case have records been found which prove that any of the Grafen Otakar [I] to [VI] shown below were father and son. The sources nevertheless do show some continuity in a county held by a count named Otakar between the years 904 and 1048, although it is uncertain how many different individuals this represents. A rough calculation shows that is likely there would be six generations between these dates. This assumes that the first Otakar would have been born around [870/75] and that there was a period of 25 or 30 years between each generation. The birth date of the last Otakar [VI] (later Otakar I Markgraf of Styria) can be assessed with reasonable accuracy in the range [1015/20].

1. OTAKAR [I], son of --- (-after 907). Graf im Leobental . "Hludowicus…rex" granted property "in valle…Liupinatal in comitatu eiusdem Otacherii" to "Otacharii…comitis nostri filio Arpo" after consulting "fidelium nostrorum Liutpoldi, Arponis, Iringi, Cumpoldi et Paponis comitum" by charter dated 10 Mar 904[375]. "Otacharius comes" was sent with Burkhard Bishop of Passau as royal ambassadors to a customs meeting in the Ostmark in 905[376]. Additions to Bavarian laws dated to [906] name "…Arboni marchioni…nuntios suos Theotmarum archiepiscopum, Purchardum Pataviensis ecclesie presulem et Otacharium comitem…"[377]. m as her first husband, RIHNI, neptis of Markgraf LUITPOLD, daughter of ---. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[378], Rihni was neptis of Markgraf Luitpold but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. According to Wegener, she was the daughter of Graf Aribo [I] Markgraf in Pannonia but he cites no source in support[379]. She married secondly Odalbert (-935), who became Archbishop of Salzburg in 924. Graf Otakar [I] & his wife had one child:

a) ARIBO [Arpo] (-after 10 Mar 904). "Hludowicus…rex" granted property "in valle…Liupinatal in comitatu eiusdem Otacherii" to "Otacharii…comitis nostri filio Arpo" after consulting "fidelium nostrorum Liutpoldi, Arponis, Iringi, Cumpoldi et Paponis comitum" by charter dated 10 Mar 904[380].

2. OTAKAR [II] . Wegener suggests that Otachar [II] was the son of Otachar [I] but there is no proof that this is correct[381]. Graf [im Chiemgau] 923. m ALTA, daughter of ---. She is named as wife of "Otachar nobilis" in 930[382].

3. OTAKAR [III] (-[976]). Wegener suggests that Otachar [III] was the son of Otachar [II] but there is no proof that this is correct[383]. Graf im Chiemgau 951/976. "Otto…rex" transferred property "qua…comes…Hartuuic de manu Vuarmunti comitis…in loco Grabanastat…in pago Chiemichouve in comitatibus Otacharii, Sigihardi ac Vuillihalmi comitum" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 8 Jun 959[384], which shows that Otakar [III] was one of three counts in Chiemgau although it is assumed that each count governed a geographically separate county rather than ruling a single county jointly. "Otto…rex" granted property "in loco Riut iuxta Enum fluvium in pago Sundargouue in comitatibus Ratolfi, Chadalhohi, Otacarii ac Sigihardi comitum" to St Emmeram, Regensburg by charter dated 9 Jun 959[385].

4. ARNULF . The charter dated 11 Oct 980 under which "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in Rivt iuxta Enum fluvium in pago Sundargoue in comitatibus Arnulfi, Hartuici, Sigihardi item Arnulfu comitum" to St Emmeram, Regensburg[386] suggests that Arnulf was the successor of Otachar [III], who held land in the same place (see above), although there is no proof that he was Otachar's son. Graf im Chiemgau 980.

5. OTGER [Oci] (-4 Apr before 1028). Graf in Kärnten 993/994. "Otto…rex" gave property "in villis Suarzdorf, Podinauuiz, Duchumuzlidorf, Gumulachi et Donplachi…in pago Croudi et in comitatu Otgeri comitis" to "cuidam Sclauo Zebegoi" by charter dated 19 Jul 993[387]. He founded Ossiach in 1024 with his wife. m IRENBURG, daughter of ---. Graf Otger & his wife had two children:

a) POPPO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Patriarch of Aquileia 1019/42.

b) OZINUS . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "forestum Heit…in comitatu Kadalhohi et Ozini comitis" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 16 Dec 1049[388]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "Naunzel quod Durdegouuo Ozino comiti dederat et quod Otto filius eiusdem Ozini nobis per cartulam tradiderat in pago Foroiulio et in comitatu Ludowici comitis" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 4 Jul 1056[389]. Herr von Cordenons 1027/56. Graf im Zeidlergau. m ---. The name of Ozinus's wife is not known. Ozinus & his wife had one child:

i) OTTO . Herr von Cordenons 1056/64. m ---. The name of Otto's wife is not known. Otto & his wife had one child:

(a) OTTO (-before 1136). Graf von Naun. [1112].

6. OTAKAR [IV] [Oci] (-5 Mar [1020]). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[390], Otachar [IV] was the possible son of Arnulf, while Wegener suggests that he may have been Arnulf's brother[391]. The latter is more consistent with there having been six generations between Otakar [I] and Otakar [VI] as explained in the introduction above. "Henricus…rex" granted property "Ergaltingin in pago --- et in comitatu Altmanni comitis" to the bishopric of Bamberg by charter dated 1 Nov 1007[392]. The necrology of Traunkirchen records the death "III Non Mar" of "Ottakarus com pater Ato prime abb^e"[393]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "III Non Mar" of "Oxie com"[394]. m ---. The name and origin of the wife of Otachar [IV] is unknown. Europäische Stammtafeln suggests[395] that she was --- von Lambach, daughter of Arnold II Graf von Wels-Lambach but this is chronologically impossible, considering the possible date of Graf Arnold II's own marriage and the likely date of death of Graf Otachar. Graf Otakar [IV] & his wife had [one] child:

a) [ATA (-15 Nov ----). Her parentage is confirmed by the necrology of Traunkirchen which records the death "III Non Mar" of "Ottakarus com pater Ato prime abb^e"[396], although it is of course not clear to which Otakar this refers. First Abbess of Traunkirchen in [1020][397]. The necrology of Traunkirchen records the death "XVII Kal Dec" of "Ata abbatissa"[398].]

7. OTAKAR [V] [Oci] (-1 May ----). There is no direct proof of the existence of this Otakar [V]. Europäische Stammtafeln[399] shows Otakar [VI] (later Markgraf of Styria) as son of the person shown above as Otakar [IV]. It is, however, evident that the chronology of this family requires an additional generation between Otakar [IV] and Otakar [VI]. This is demonstrated by comparing the installation of Ata, supposed daughter of Otakar [IV], as abbess of Traunkirchen in [1020] and the estimated birth date of Otakar [VI] in [1015/20] which indicates that it is improbable that he was Ata's brother. Wegener[400] inserts Otakar [V] in the line of succession. However, he justifies this on the basis of several donations made by Eberhard II Graf von Ebersberg to "Otker de Persenpiuga". The absence of the title "comes" attributed to the latter suggests that he was not head of this family, although he may have been a member of a younger branch. In addition, the grants suggest that the Otakar in question was a vassal of Graf Eberhard, which does not appear to have been the case of the family of the ancestors of the Markgrafen von Steiermark. The Genealogia Marchionum de Stire records that "Ozy marchionem", father of "Otachyr marchionem", was powerful "temporibus imperatorum Heinrici III imperatoris" (between 1039 and 1056) which is much later than the estimated date of death of Otakar [IV] in [1020][401]. Another indication of the existence of an "Otakar [V]" is provided by the necrology of St Lambert which records the death "Kal Mai " of "Otaker com"[402]. Europäische Stammtafeln[403] attributes this entry to Otakar [III] but this is improbable. The only other entry in the St Lambert necrology which can positively be identified with the family of the Markgrafen von Steiermark is that of Otakar I Markgraf of Styria. It is more likely that the compiler of the necrology would have included the death of the Markgraf's father rather than that of his great-great grandfather, especially as there are no entries for the intervening generations. The hypothesis finds further support from the fact that St Lambert was a relatively late foundation, in 1103[404], which makes it unlikely that its necrological records would have been filled ex post facto with deaths occurring in the fourth quarter of the 10th century. The earliest identifiable death in the necrology was in 1022 "Hartwicus com de Spanheim et Artenburg archiep Salisburgensis" but this appears to be an exceptional case, whose retrospective inclusion may have been justified because of his importance in the archiepiscopal province. The only puzzle is why Otakar [V] left so little trace in the records if he was "powerful" as suggested by the Genealogia Marchionum de Stire. m ---. The name of Otakar's wife is not known. Otakar [V] & his wife had one child:

a) OTAKAR [VI] ([1015/20][405]-Rome 29 Mar [1075]). The Genealogia Marchionum de Stire records that "Otacher marchio Styriensis, filius Otachyr marchionis, genuit Ozy marchionem" specifying that he was powerful "temporibus imperatorum Heinrici III imperatoris" and was father of "Otachyr marchionem"[406]. He is named OTAKAR I Markgraf of Styria [Markgraf der Kärnter Mark] in 1056.

- see below, Part B.

B. GRAFEN im CHIEMGAU (SIEGHARDINGER FAMILY)

The numbering of the counts named Sieghard is a convenience to help identification of each individual and does not reflect any historical reality.

SIEGHARD [III], son of SIEGHARD [II] Graf in Bayern [Ebersberg] & his wife Gotina --- (-[916/23]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf im oberen Salzburggau. "Chuonradus…rex" made donations by charter dated 5 Mar 912 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Sigihardi, Arnolfi, Erchangarii, Odalrici, Perchtoldi, Chuonradi, Herimanni, Luitfredi atque Iringi"[407], which shows that Sieghard was considered first in importance among the nobility in the realm at that time, assuming that the order of the names is of significance. "Chonradus…rex" granted property "in comitatu Marchwardi in pago Uiohbach in loco Goldaron" to "clerico Erchenfried" by an undated charter, place in the compilation with other charters dated 916 by the intervention of "Sigihardi comitis"[408].

m ---, daughter of ENGELBERT Graf am Inn & his wife ---. This marriage is shown by Wegener but without supporting primary source references[409].

Graf Sieghard [III] & his wife had three children:

1. SIEGHARD [IV] (-959 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Wegener[410] cites no source which states explicitly that Sieghard [IV] was the son of Sieghard [III] but this looks likely to be correct. Graf im Chiemgau. Wegener quotes a reference to "Sigihart et fratres eius Nordperht and Engilperht"[411]. "Otto…rex" transferred property "in pago Chiemihgovue in comitatu Sigihardi" to "comiti nostro Eberhart…talem proprietatem qualem antecessor noster…Arnolfus rex avo illius Sigihardo comiti" by charter dated 21 Jul 946[412]. "Otto…rex" transferred property "in villa Niuchinga in pago Hehsinga in comitatu Eberhardi comitis" to St Emmeram, Regensburg by charter dated 16 Jul 950 which also refers to property "in villa Helphendorph sitam in Friero marca in comitatu Biligrimi comitis et Sigehardi in Sneideseo et Kadalhoi Ysinachgouue"[413]. "Otto…rex" transferred property "qua…comes…Hartuuic de manu Vuarmunti comitis…in loco Grabanastat…in pago Chiemichouve in comitatibus Otacharii, Sigihardi ac Vuillihalmi comitum" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 8 Jun 959[414], which shows that Sieghard [III] was one of three counts in Chiemgau although it is assumed that each count governed a geographically separate county rather than ruling a single county jointly. "Otto…rex" transferred property "in loco Riut iuxta Enum fluvium in pago Sundargouue in comitabus Ratolfi, Chadalhohi, Otacarii ac Sigihardi comitum" to St Emmeram, Regensburg by charter dated 9 Jun 959[415], suggesting that the county of Sieghard [III] extended into part of Sundgau in addition to Chiemgau. m ---. The name of Sieghard's wife is not known. Graf Sieghard [IV] & his wife had three children:

a) SIEGHARD [V] (-26 Sep [980]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf im Chiemgau. The necrology of the Lower Monastery at Regensburg records the death "VI Kal Oct" of "Sigehart com"[416], although it is not known for certain to which of the several Grafen Sieghard this entry refers. [m firstly ---. Wegener comments that Willa, wife of Sieghard [IV], names her sons Engelbert [II], Pilgrim and Nordbert [II] in her charters. This suggests that she was not the mother of Sieghard [VI] and Friederich who must have been born from an earlier marriage[417].] m [secondly] WILLA, daughter of BERNHARD [Aribonen] & his wife Engilrat ---. 965/[970]. Wegener cites a donation by Willa, with the consent of her husband Graf Sieghard, to Salzburg which names her sons Engilpreht and Piligrim[418]. Wegener cites a source which confirms her parentage[419]. Graf Sieghard [V] & his [first] wife had two children:

i) SIEGHARD [VI] (-6 May [1010/20] or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeran records the death "II Non Mai" of "Sigihardus com"[420]. It is not known for certain to which of the several Grafen Sieghard this entry refers. However, it is clear from his joint donation with his wife that Sieghard [VI] died naturally, which excludes the various entries for Graf Sieghard which refer to a violent death from applying to him. In addition, the death of Nordbert [II], son of Sieghard [V], is recorded in the same necrology which may increase the likelihood that the 6 May entry refers to Sieghard [VI]. m firstly HILDBURG, daughter of --- (-5 Aug ----). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly ZLOUBRANA, daughter of ---. Wegener cites a donation by Sieghard, on his deathbed, & his wife Zloubrana to St Emmeram, Regensburg dated [1010/20] which also names his son Sieghard[421]. Graf Sieghard [VI] & his first wife had one child:

(a) SIEGHARD [VII] (-killed in battle 5 Jul 1044 or killed in battle 7 Aug 1046). Wegener cites a donation by Sieghard, on his deathbed, & his wife Zloubrana to St Emmeram, Regensburg dated [1010/20] which also names his son Sieghard[422]. Sieghard, brother of Friedrich deacon, referred to in the exchange of property cited by Wegener between "brothers on their father's side Graf Sieghard and deacon Friedrich" with Hartwig Archbishop of Salzburg dated 2 Aug [before 1023][423], which must refer to the son of Sieghard [VI] (who married twice) to give sense to the reference to "brothers on their father's side" rather than the son of Engilbert [III], younger half-brother of Sieghard [VI].

- see below.

Graf Sieghard [VI] & his second wife had one child:

(b) FRIEDRICH . Wegener cites an exchange of property between "brothers on their father's side Graf Sieghard and deacon Friedrich" and Hartwig Archbishop of Salzburg dated 2 Aug [before 1023][424]. Deacon.

ii) FRIEDRICH [II] . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 990/[1000]. m ---. The name of Friedrich's wife is not known. Graf Friedrich [II] & his wife had [one possible child]:

(a) [RICHGARD . The name and origin of the wife of Graf Eberhard are not known. Wegener speculates that she was named Richgard, named in the donation to St Castulus by her supposed son Friedrich for the souls of his wife Gräfin Christina and of his relatives "Ebrohart, Frideric, Ernost, Cuono, Adalpero, Hartwich, Hemma, Rickart, Hadamuot" dated [1060][425]. He also speculates that she was the daughter of Graf Friedrich [II] to explain the transmission of the name Friedrich into the Eppenstein family[426], however this appears to be only one of many possibilities and hardly the basis for a firm conclusion. m EBERHARD Graf an der Isar und Vils, son of MARKWARD III Markgraf der Kärtner Mark [Eppensteiner] & his wife Hadamudis von Ebersberg. 1013/39,]

Graf Sieghard [IV] & his [second] wife had three children:

iii) NORDBERT [II] (-4 Jun [1010] or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The necrology of the Lower Monastery at Regensburg records the death "II Non Jun" of "Nortpreht com"[427].

iv) PILGRIM . Wegener cites a donation by Willa, with the consent of her husband Graf Sieghard, to Salzburg which names her sons Engilpreht and Piligrim[428]. 971/991. Bishop of Passau.

v) ENGELBERT [III] (-1020). Wegener cites a donation by Willa, with the consent of her husband Graf Sieghard, to Salzburg which names her sons Engilpreht and Piligrim[429]. Graf im Chiemgau.

- see below.

b) FRIEDRICH (-5 Oct 991). Archbishop of Salzburg 958. Wegener cites a transfer of property by Graf Sieghard [IV] to his brother Friedrich Archbishop of Salzburg dated 22 Apr 963[430].

c) ENGELBERT [II] . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The sources cited by Wegener do not prove that Engelbert [II] was the son of Graf Sieghard [III][431]. [987]/1000.

2. NORDBERT [I] . 924/[958]. Wegener quotes a reference to "Sigihart et fratres eius Nordperht and Engilperht"[432].

3. ENGELBERT [I] . 924/[958]. Wegener quotes a reference to "Sigihart et fratres eius Nordperht and Engilperht"432.

ENGELBERT [III], son of SIEGHARD [V] Graf im Chiemgau & his [second] wife Willa --- (-killed 9 Jun 1020). Wegener cites a donation by Willa, with the consent of her husband Graf Sieghard, to Salzburg which names her sons Engilpreht and Piligrim[433]. Graf im Chiemgau. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "V Id Jun" of "Engelbertus com occisus est"[434]. The necrology of Seeon records the death "V Id Jun" of "Engelbertus com"[435].

m ADELA, daughter of ---(-1 Jan ----). Wegener cites a donation to Salzburg St Peter by Adela for the soul of her husband Engelbert which also names her son Sieghard[436]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "Kal Jan" of "Adala com"[437]. According to Wegener[438], she was Adela, widow of Aribo [I] Pfalzgraf von Bayern, daughter of Hartwig [I] Pfalzgraf von Bayern & his wife ---. However, the necrology of Seeon records the death "VII Id Sep" of "Adala com ux Aribonis" and her donation[439], which appears to exclude the possibility that this proposed origin of Adela is correct.

Graf Engelbert [III] & his wife had [four] children:

1. SIEGHARD [VIII] [Sizo] (-killed in battle 5 Jul 1044 or killed in battle 7 Aug 1046). Wegener cites a donation to Salzburg St Peter by Adela for the soul of her husband Engelbert which also names her son Sieghard[440].

- see below.

2. HARTWIG (-31 Jan 1039). "Engilbertus comes" donated property to Brixen at the request of "fratris sui Hartwici…episcopi" for the soul of "Liudkarde coniugis sue"[441]. Bishop of Brixen 1023.

3. ENGELBERT [IV] (-15 Mar [1040]). "Engilbertus comes" donated property "in comitatu Lurniensi in loco Cetulic" [Zedlach], in the holding of "Suvikerus comes", to Brixen at the request of "fratris sui Hartwici…episcopi" for the soul of "Liudkarde coniugis sue"[442]. Graf im Inngau, Norital und im Pustertal. Vogt of Salzburg Cathedral [1035/41]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "Id Mar" of "Engilpreht com"[443]. m LIUTGARD, daughter of --- (-before 1039). "Engilbertus comes" donated property to Brixen at the request of "fratris sui Hartwici…episcopi" for the soul of "Liudkarde coniugis sue"[444]. According to Wegener[445], she married secondly (before 1070) Aribo II Pfalzgraf von Bayern, but this appears to be disproved by this donation. In addition, the chronology appears unfavourable for this second marriage. Graf Engelbert [IV] & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [RICHGARD . The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names "comes Engelbertus ex patre Sigfrido Francorum civis, ex matre Rihkarda maiorum Karinthia primus"[446]. Wegener assumes that she was the daughter of Engelbert [IV] because she named her son Engelbert[447]. However, the same reasoning could presumably apply to any other contemporary member of the Sieghardinger family, in which the name Engelbert was used frequently. m SIEGFRIED Graf [Sponheim], son of --- (-5 Jul 1065). Markgraf der Ungarischen Mark 1045/48. Graf im Pustertal.]

4. [MEGINHARD (-after [1050/65]). "Comes…Meghinart coniugis sue Mahthilde" donated property "predium Goduna…in pago Lienzina in comitatu Lurnensi situm in prelibate coniugis" [Gödnach in Lienz] to Brixen by charter dated to [1022/39][448]. The reference to "comitatus Lurnensi" suggests a family connection between Meginhard and Engelbert [IV] (see above) who also donated property in the same county to Brixen. "Comes Meginhardus" confirmed the donation of "Koduniah" [Gödnach] to Brixen by "conjuge Mahthilde…defuncta" by charter dated to [1050/65][449]. m MATHILDE, daughter of --- (-before [1050/65]). "Comes…Meghinart coniugis sue Mahthilde" donated property "predium Goduna…in pago Lienzina in comitatu Lurnensi situm in prelibate coniugis" [Gödnach in Lienz] to Brixen by charter dated to [1022/39][450]. "Comes Meginhardus" confirmed the donation of "Koduniah" [Gödnach] to Brixen by "conjuge Mahthilde…defuncta" by charter dated to [1050/65][451].]

Two individuals named Graf Sieghard are shown above, SIEGHARD [VII] son of Graf SIEGHARD [VI] & his first wife Hildburg ---, and SIEGHARD [VIII] son of Graf ENGELBERT [III] & his wife Adela ---. Both married and had children, and both died in the mid-1040s within a short time of each other. According to Wegener[452], Sieghard [VII] married Pilihilde and Sieghard [VIII] married Tuta von Ebersberg. Europäische Stammtafeln[453] chooses the other alternative. The only information which appears to support Wegener's position is the document dated 7 Jun 1137 under which Pope Innocent III took Kloster Michaelbeuren under his protection, at the request of Gräfin Ida and her sons Grafen Gebehard and Sigehard, the document also naming Sigehard Patriarch of Aquileja, his mother Bilihilt, Graf Sigehard and his brother Friedrich[454]. According to the reconstruction shown above, Graf Sieghard [VII] was the only one of the two Grafen Sieghard to have a brother named Friedrich.

…

1. SIEGHARD [VII] or [VIII] (-killed in battle 5 Jul 1044). Wegener cites a donation to Salzburg St Peter by Adela for the soul of her husband Engelbert which also names her son Sieghard[455], although as noted above it is not clear whether this refers to the Sieghard who is here referred to as Sieghard [VII] or [VIII]. Graf im Chiemgau. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "III Non Jul" of "in eo bello…occupuerunt Eberhart subdiac, Sizo com, Arnolt aliique Teutonum complures", referring to the war of King Heinrich III in Hungary in 1043[456], although the year is more likely 1044. m PILIHILD, daughter of --- (-23 Oct [1075]). "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm, ipso vero Otaccharo et Pilihilda vidua Sizonis comitis duobusque filiis eius Sigehardo et Friderico…" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[457]. Wegener refers to a donation by Graf Friedrich, with the consent of his mother Pilihild, his wife Mathild and his brother Syrus, to Michaelbeuren dated [1060][458]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "X Kal Nov" of "Pilhilt com"[459]. Her origin is unknown. Wegener suggests that she was Pilihild, daughter of Friedrich [II] Graf an der oberen Isar [Diessen] & his wife ---, in order to explain the arrival of this name in the Sieghardinger family. If the hypothesis is correct, the chronology suggests that her father must have been Friedrich [II] rather than Friedrich [I] (the two being conflated by Wegener). Graf Sieghard & his wife had [five] children:

a) FRIEDRICH (-17 Jul 1071). "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm, ipso vero Otaccharo et Pilihilda vidua Sizonis comitis duobusque filiis eius Sigehardo et Friderico…" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[460]. Wegener refers to a donation by Graf Friedrich, with the consent of his mother Pilihild, his wife Mathild and his brother Syrus [=Sieghard], to Michaelbeuren dated [1060][461]. Graf von Tengling.

- GRAFEN von TENGLING.

b) SIEGHARD (-Regensburg 12 Aug 1077). "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm, ipso vero Otaccharo et Pilihilda vidua Sizonis comitis duobusque filiis eius Sigehardo et Friderico…" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[462]. Wegener refers to a donation by Graf Friedrich, with the consent of his mother Pilihild, his wife Mathild and his brother Syrus [=Sieghard], to Michaelbeuren dated [1060][463]. Imperial Chancellor 1064/67. Patriarch of Aquileia 1068. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "villam unam Lunzanicham…quod Ludovicus comes habebat" to the church of Aquileia at the request of "ducis etiam Liutoldi, marchionum quoque Wilielmi…Sigehardi patriarche comitatum Fori Iulii" by charter dated 1077[464].

c) FRIEDGUND (-[1072] or after). Wegener refers to a donation by Sieghard Patriarch of Aquileja to his sister Fredeunda abbess of Santa Maria in Aquileja dated [1072][465]. Abbess of Santa Maria, Aquileia.

d) [HILDBURG [Wilpirk] . According to Wegener, the wife of Konrad Duke of Moravia may have been the daughter of Sieghard Graf im Chiemgau & his wife Pilihild [Diessen] but he does not explain the reasoning behind this speculation nor cite any primary sources[466]. m KONRAD II Markgraf of Moravia, son of BŘETISLAV Duke of the Bohemians & his wife Judith von Schweinfurt (-6 Jan 1092).]

e) [SUANAHILD . According to Europäische Stammtafeln[467], the second wife of Markgraf Ernst was the daughter of Sieghard VII Graf [Sieghardinger] & his wife Pilihild, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. m (1071 or after) as his second wife, ERNST Markgraf of Austria, son of ADALBERT Markgraf der Ostmark [Austria] & his first wife --- (-killed in battle near Homburg/Unstrut 9 Jun 1075, bur Melk).]

…

1. SIEGHARD [VII] or [VIII] [Sizo] (-killed in battle [Hungary] 7 Aug 1046). "Comes…Sizo cum coniuge sua…Judita" founded the church at Bamburg by charter dated to [1020][468]. The necrology of Seeon records the death "VII Id Aug" of "Sigehardus com"[469]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "VII Id Aug" of "Sigahart com occisus est"[470]. He was presumably killed during the Hungarian wars at the time of the fall of King Péter. [m firstly ---. Wegener says that Graf Sieghard's wife Tuta could not have had any children (although he does not give the basis for this statement) and therefore assumes that there was a first marriage[471]. This speculation appears disproved by the charter dated 9 Apr 1048 under which "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm…et domina Iudita filiisque eius Sigehardo, Engilberto, Marchuuardo et Meginhardo…" to the church of Salzburg[472]. It is therefore clear that Graf Sieghard's widow was named Tuta or Judith and that she was mother of his four sons.] m [secondly] (before 12 Jul 1020) TUTA [Judith] von Ebersberg, daughter of UDALRICH Graf von Ebersberg Marchese di Carniola & his wife Richardis von Viehbach [Eppensteiner] (-1048 or after). [1029]/1048. "Comes…Sizo cum coniuge sua…Judita" founded the church at Bamburg by charter dated to [1020][473]. Wegener refers to Sigahart & his wife Tuta, sister of Adalbero, relinquishing their rights in property donated by Adalbero II Graf von Ebersberg after the death of the latter by charter dated 1045[474]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm…et domina Iudita filiisque eius Sigehardo, Engilberto, Marchuuardo et Meginhardo…" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[475]. Graf Sieghard & his [second] wife had four children:

a) SIEGHARD [IX] [Sizo] (-21 Jul [1080]). "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm…et domina Iudita filiisque eius Sigehardo, Engilberto, Marchuuardo et Meginhardo…" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[476]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in loco…Wizenregen…in pago Campriche et in comitatu Sizonis comitis" to "servienti nostro Acelino" by charter dated 18 Feb 1050[477]. Graf im Campriche und im Chiemgau. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "XII Kal Aug" of "Sigihart com"[478].

b) ENGELBERT [V] (-killed in battle [Mellrichstadt] 7 Aug 1078). "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm…et domina Iudita filiisque eius Sigehardo, Engilberto, Marchuuardo et Meginhardo…" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[479]. Graf im Chiemgau. Vogt of Salzburg Cathedral. The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeran records the death "VII Id Aug" of "Engilpertus com"[480]. m IRMGARD, daughter of --- . "Cometissa Irmingart" donated property to Bamburg, for the soul of "mariti sui Engilperti comitis", by charter dated to [1090][481]. Wegener refers to a donation by Gräfin Irmingart to Salzburg Cathedral for the soul of her husband Graf Engilpert dated 1078[482].

c) MARKWARD (-murdered 5 Dec [1085]). "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm…et domina Iudita filiisque eius Sigehardo, Engilberto, Marchuuardo et Meginhardo…" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[483]. Graf im Chiemgau und im Isengau. Graf von Markwardstein. The necrology of Baumburg records the death "Non Dec" of "Marquardus com de Marquardstain fundator loci ist"[484]. m as her first husband, ADELHEID von Lechsgemünd, daughter of KUNO Graf von Lechsgemünd & his wife --- (-24 Feb [1108]). The Fundatio Monasterii Baumburgensis names "in Bawarie provincial comes…Cuno…filiam Adilheit" as founder of Kloster Baumburg, naming her first husband "comes Marcohardus de castro…Marcarstain", her second husband "comes Udalricus de Pactavia" and her third husband "Berngero comiti de Sulzphach"[485]. "Cometissa…Adilheit" donated property to Bamburg, for the soul of "mariti sui Marcwardi", by charter dated to [1095][486]. She married secondly Ulrich Graf von Passau, and thirdly as his first wife, Berengar III Graf von Sulzbach. The necrology of Baumburg records the death "VI Kal Mar" of "Alheidis com fundatrix"[487].

d) MEGINHARD (-after [1055]). "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in comitatu Otacchari situm…et domina Iudita filiisque eius Sigehardo, Engilberto, Marchuuardo et Meginhardo…" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 9 Apr 1048[488]. Wegener refers to a donation by "Engilram nobilis" dated [1055] witnessed first by "Meginhart comes"[489].

Chapter 5. GRAFEN von PLAIN und HARDEGG

Hardegg is located in what is now northern Austria, very close to the border with the Czech Republic, about 20 km west of Znojmo. Schloß Plain (also known as Plagin or Plaigen) is near Reichenhall in Lower Austria and is now in ruins.

WERIGAND, son of --- (-31 Oct [1123]). A charter dated Jul 1141 records an agreement between Konrad Archbishop of Salzburg and "marchio…Starchant et frater eius Werigant", renewed after their deaths by "huius filia Hemma…cum marito suo comite Wolfrado"[490]. According to Wegener, Werigand, ancestor of the Grafen von Plain und Hardegg, was the son of Graf Liutold [III][491]. The onomastics are favourable for a family connection, but there is insufficient information available to judge the precise relationship, if any. Graf von Plain 1108. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "II Kal Nov" of "Wergandus comes"[492].

m ---. The name of Werigand's wife is not known.

Werigand & his wife had four children:

1. LIUTOLD [I] (-22/23 Jan 1164). Wegener refers to a donation by "comes Werigandus" to Salzburg Cathedral with the consent of his son Liutold dated [1123][493]. Graf von Plain. A charter dated to [1170] records a donation to Admont by "comes Liutoldus de Plain cum uxore sua Uta et filiis" for the entry of "filie sue Chunigundis" to the monastery, and the later confirmation by "filius eius senior Liutoldus", witnessed by "Liutpoldus frater eiusdem comitis"[494]. Vogt von Salzburg St Peter. The Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses record the death in 1164 of "Liutoldus de Plein comes"[495]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "XI Kal Feb" of "Liutoldus com de Plain"[496]. The necrology of Michaelbeuern records the death "X Kal Feb" of "Liutoldus com de Plagie"[497]. The necrology of St Andreas records the death "X Kal Feb" of "Lyutolt com"[498]. [m firstly ---. Wegener states that the oldest son of Graf Liutold [I], first mentioned in 1135, must have been born from an earlier marriage considering that Graf Liutold's sons Liutpold and Heinrich are first mentioned in 1155 and 1167. While this is possible, it is not necessarily correct as individuals may be first recorded many years after their birth. In addition, if the parentage of Graf Liutold's wife Uta is as shown below, she could not have been born later than [1115/20] considering the long child-bearing career of her mother. This would mean that she was perfectly capable of being the mother of Graf Liutold's oldest son.] m [secondly] UTA, daughter of --- (-22 Nov before 1170, bur Stift Göttweig). A charter dated to [1170] records a donation to Admont by "comes Liutoldus de Plain cum uxore sua Uta et filiis" for the entry of "filie sue Chunigundis" to the monastery, and the later confirmation by "filius eius senior Liutoldus", witnessed by "Liutpoldus frater eiusdem comitis"[499]. Wegener states that she was Uta of Austria, daughter of Luitpold III Markgraf of Austria & his second wife Agnes of Germany, basing this on the transmission of the names Luitpold and Berta into the family of the Grafen von Plain. The reliability of this supposition depends largely on the existence or otherwise of Graf Liutold's first wife and the probable dates of birth of Uta's younger children. As mentioned above, Uta, if she was the daughter of Markgraf Luitpold III, could not have been born later than [1115/20] considering the long child-bearing career of the Markgraf's wife. This makes it less probable that any of her children were born in the late 1150s/early 1160s. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[500], she was Uta von Peilstein, daughter of Konrad Graf von Peilstein [Sieghardinger], presumably by his first wife Euphemia of Austria. The basis for this is not known, but it would provide an alternative explanation for the introduction of the name Liutpold into the family of the Grafen von Plain, as Graf Konrad's first wife was a Babenberg. The necrology of Admont records the death "X Kal Dec" of "Outa com"[501]. Graf Liutold [I] & his [first/second] wife had one child:

a) LIUTOLD [II] (before 1135-after 27 Aug 1160). Wegener cites a reference to "Liutoldus filius comitis Liutoldi de Plagio" dated 1135[502]. A charter dated to [1170] records a donation to Admont by "comes Liutoldus de Plain cum uxore sua Uta et filiis" for the entry of "filie sue Chunigundis" to the monastery, and the later confirmation by "filius eius senior Liutoldus", witnessed by "Liutpoldus frater eiusdem comitis"[503]. Graf von Plain.

Graf Liutold [I] & his [second] wife had [five] children:

b) LIUTPOLD (-17 Jun [1193]). A charter dated to [1170] records a donation to Admont by "comes Liutoldus de Plain cum uxore sua Uta et filiis" for the entry of "filie sue Chunigundis" to the monastery, and the later confirmation by "filius eius senior Liutoldus", witnessed by "Liutpoldus frater eiusdem comitis"[504]. Graf von Plain.

- see below.

c) KUNIGUNDE . A charter dated to [1170] records a donation to Admont by "comes Liutoldus de Plain cum uxore sua Uta et filiis" for the entry of "filie sue Chunigundis" to the monastery, and the later confirmation by "filius eius senior Liutoldus", witnessed by "Liutpoldus frater eiusdem comitis"[505]. Nun at Admont [1160].

d) BERTHA (-1 Apr ----). The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "Kal Apr" of "Berhta filia com Liutolli"[506]. The necrology of Admont records the death "Kal Apr" of "Perhta mon n^o de Plain"[507]. Nun at Admont.

e) HEINRICH (-30 Oct [1196]). Wegener refers to a source dated 24 Feb 1188 naming "Liupoldus comes de Hardek et frater eius comes Heinricus de Plagen"[508]. Graf von Plain 1175. Graf von Hardegg.

- see below.

f) [ADELHEID (-6 Jan ----). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[509], the wife of Heinrich [II] Graf von Lechsgemünd was probably the daughter of Liutold [I] Graf von Plain but the source on which this speculation is based has not been identified. The necrology of Kaisheim records the death "II Non Feb" of "Adelhaidis com fundatricis"[510], and as the same source names "Hainrici comitis de Lechgemünd primi fundatoris" it is assumed that Adelheid was his wife. m HEINRICH Graf von Lechsgemünd-Frontenhausen, son of HEINRICH [I] von Horburg Graf von Lechsgemünd und Frontenhausen & his wife Liukard --- (-26 Jan [1208]).]

2. HEINRICH (-after 1152). "Emma comitissa" donated property to Kloster Sittich in Carniola, with the consent of "fratribus meis Henrico et Meginhalmo", by charter dated 1152[511].

3. MEGINHALM (-after 1152). "Emma comitissa" donated property to Kloster Sittich in Carniola, with the consent of "fratribus meis Henrico et Meginhalmo", by charter dated 1152[512].

4. EMMA von Plain (-after 1178). A charter dated Jul 1141 records an agreement between Konrad Archbishop of Salzburg and "marchio…Starchant et frater eius Werigant", renewed after their deaths by "huius filia Hemma…cum marito suo comite Wolfrado"[513]. "Emma comitissa" donated property to Kloster Sittich in Carniola, with the consent of "fratribus meis Henrico et Meginhalmo", by charter dated 1152[514]. m (before 1132) WOLFRAD Graf von Treffen, son of ULRICH & his wife --- (-after [1168/71]).

LIUTPOLD von Plain, son of LIUTOLD [I] Graf von Plain & his [second] wife Uta --- (-17 Jun [1193]). A charter dated to [1170] records a donation to Admont by "comes Liutoldus de Plain cum uxore sua Uta et filiis" for the entry of "filie sue Chunigundis" to the monastery, and the later confirmation by "filius eius senior Liutoldus", witnessed by "Liutpoldus frater eiusdem comitis"[515]. Wegener refers to sources naming "comes Liutoldus et filius eius Luipoldus de B" dated 23 Jan 1157[516] and "Liutpoldus filius comitis Liutoldi de P" dated 25 Aug 1162[517]. Graf von Plain. "Liutpoldus comes de Plain" donated property to Admont when "filia sua" became a nun there, by charter dated to [1165][518]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records that "II Non Apr 1167 tempore scismati…Plaienses comites Liupoldus et frater eius Heinricus" were ordered by Emperor Friedrich I to make war against the church of Salzburg[519]. "Comes Liutoldus de Plain cum uxore sua Uta et filiis" donated property to Admont by charter dated to [1170], which also records the later confirmation by "filius eius senior Liutoldus", witnessed by "Liutpoldus frater eiusdem comitis"[520]. Graf von Hardegg 1188. Vogt von Berchtesgaden [1190]. The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "XV Kal Jul" of "Lewpoldus com"[521]. The necrology of St Erentrud records the death "XIV Kal Jul" of "Liupoldus com"[522].

m ([1164]) IDA von Burghausen, daughter of GEBHARD [I] Graf von Burghausen [Sieghardinger] & his wife Sophie von Wettin (-26 Jan after 1210). Wegener refers to the confirmation by Walther Abbot of Michaelbeuern of a donation by Gräfin Sophia before the marriage of her daughter to Graf Liupold[523]. Wegener refers to a donation to Raitenhaslach by Gräfin Ida von P with her sons dated [1195], witnessed by "Hainricus comes, Luitoldus et Gebehardus comites"[524]. Wegener refers to a donation by Gräfin Ida von Pleien to Kloster Michaelbeuern with her sons Graf Lutold and Gebehard canon at Passau cathedral[525]. The necrology of Michaelbeuern records the death "VII Kal Jan" of "Ita com"[526].

Graf Luitpold & his wife had four children:

1. LIUTOLD [III] (-killed in battle Treviso 27 Aug 1210, bur Höglwörth). "Comes Liutoldus de Plain cum uxore sua Uta et filiis" donated property to Admont by charter dated to [1170], which also records the later confirmation by "filius eius senior Liutoldus", witnessed by "Liutpoldus frater eiusdem comitis"[527]. Wegener refers to a donation by Gräfin Ida von Pleien to Kloster Michaelbeuern with her sons Graf Lutold and Gebehard canon at Passau cathedral[528]. Graf von Hardegg 1198. Graf von Plain 1203. Vogt von Göttweig [1205]. Vogt von Michaelbeuern 1213. The necrology of Michaelbeuern records the death "VI Kal Sep" of "Liutoldus com de Pleien"[529]. m ---. The name and origin of the wife of Graf Liutold [III] are not known. Wegener suggests that she was Heilwig von Leuchtenberg, widow of Berthold [II] von Eschenlohe und Iffeldorf, possible daughter of Gebhard [II] von Leuchtenberg, based on the name Heilwig, practically only used by the Leuchtenberg family, being given to her daughter[530]. Graf Liutold [III] & his wife had two children:

a) LIUTOLD [IV] (-6 Nov 1248). Wegener quotes a source dated 14 Jul 1231 naming "Liutoldus comes de Plain et Heilwirgis soror ipsius" and their "patruus" Bishop Gebhard[531]. Graf von Plain 1231. Graf von Hardegg 1237. Vogt von Michaelbeuern. The Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses record the death in Lombardy in 1248 of "Liutoldus de Plain" and others[532]. The necrology of Michaelbeuern records the death "VI Id Nov" of "Liutoldus com de Pleigen"[533]. m [EUPHEMIA, daughter of --- (-9 Feb ----). Wegener suggests that the wife of Graf Liutold [IV] was Euphemia[534], whose death is recorded in the necrology of Admont "V Id Feb Offemia de Hardekke com"[535].]

b) HEILWIG (-15 Feb after 1256). Wegener quotes a source dated 14 Jul 1231 naming "Liutoldus comes de Plain et Heilwirgis soror ipsius" and their "patruus" Bishop Gebhard[536]. Wegener refers to the confirmation by Konrad abbot of Michaelbeuern dated 3 Sep 1249 that, after the death of the vogt of the monastery Liutold Graf von Plain, "Herr Heinrich in Schaumberch" succeeded as vogt through his wife, sister of Graf Liutold[537]. The necrology of Wilhering records the death "XV Kal Mar" of "Haylwigis com ux dⁱ Hainrici de Schaunberch"[538]. m HEINRICH [II] Graf von Schaunberg (-25 Jul [1276/81]).

2. GEBHARD (-10 Oct 1232). Wegener refers to a donation by Gräfin Ida von Pleien to Kloster Michaelbeuern with her sons Graf Lutold and Gebehard canon at Passau cathedral[539]. Bishop of Passau 1222.

3. SOPHIE (-12 Oct after 1210). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. The necrology of Admont records the death "XII Kal Nov" of "Sophia com^a Liubenawe"[540]. m as his second wife, OTTO Graf von Lebenau, son of SIEGFRIED [II] Graf von Lebenau und Hohenburg [Sponheim] & his wife Mathilde von Valley [Wittelsbach] (-8 Mar [1200/04]).

4. daughter . "Liutpoldus comes de Plain" donated property to Admont when "filia sua" became a nun there, by charter dated to [1165][541]. Nun at Admont.

HEINRICH von Plain, son of LIUTOLD [I] Graf von Plain & his [second] wife Uta [of Austria/von Peilstein] (-30 Oct [1196]). The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records that "II Non Apr 1167 tempore scismati…Plaienses comites Liupoldus et frater eius Heinricus" were ordered by Emperor Friedrich I to make war against the church of Salzburg[542]. Wegener refers to a source dated 24 Feb 1188 naming "Liupoldus comes de Hardek et frater eius comes Heinricus de Plagen"[543]. Graf von Plain 1175. Graf von Hardegg. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "III Kal Nov" of "Heinricus comes de Plain"[544].

m (before 1177) AGNES von Wittelsbach, daughter of OTTO Graf von Wittelsbach [later Duke of Bavaria] (-[1200]). The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavariæ refers to, but does not name, the third of the five daughters of "Otto dictus de Schiren…dux Bawarie" as wife of "Heinricus comes de Pleien" and their son "Chunradum comitem"[545]. Wegener refers to a donation to Berchtesgaden by Gräfin Agnes von P and her son Chounrad for the soul of Graf Heinrich and his son Otto dated 1197[546].

Graf Heinrich & his wife had [three] children:

1. OTTO [I] (-23 Aug [1197]). Wegener refers to a donation to Berchtesgaden by Gräfin Agnes von P and her son Chounrad for the soul of Graf Heinrich and his son Otto dated 1197[547]. Graf von Plain . The necrology of Seeon records the death "X Kal Sep" of "Otto com puer"[548].

2. KONRAD [I] (-4 Apr [1250]). Wegener refers to a donation to Berchtesgaden by Gräfin Agnes von P and her son Chounrad for the soul of Graf Heinrich and his son Otto dated 1197[549]. The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavariæ refers to, but does not name, the third of the five daughters of "Otto dictus de Schiren…dux Bawarie" as wife of "Heinricus comes de Pleien" and their son "Chunradum comitem"[550]. Graf von Plain 1197. Graf von Hardegg 1200. "Chunradus…comes de Play" donated property to Geras, with the consent of "filiorum nostrorum Ottonis et Chunradi comitum", by charter dated 30 Nov 1249[551]. The Book of Obligations of Salzburg St Peter records the death "II Non Apr" of "Chunradus graf de Plain"[552]. m firstly ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. 1220. m secondly BERTA, daughter of --- (-1247). Wegener refers to the foundation of Geras by Konrad Graf von Plain and his sons Otto and Konrad for the soul of his deceased wife Perchta, dated 30 Nov 1249[553], but this is not mentioned in the copy of this charter which has been consulted[554]. . Graf Konrad [I] & his [first/second] wife had four children:

a) OTTO [II] (-killed in battle Staatz 26/27 Jun 1260). "Chunradus…comes de Play" donated property to Geras, with the consent of "filiorum nostrorum Ottonis et Chunradi comitum", by charter dated 30 Nov 1249[555]. Graf von Plain 1250. Graf von Hardegg 1251. He was killed in battle against the Hungarians. The Notæ Altahenses record that "Otto et Chunradus fratres comites de Plaigo" were killed "1260 V Kal Jul…a Comanis"[556]. The necrology of Admont records the death "V Kal Jul" of "Otto com, Chunradus com"[557]. The necrology of Melk records the death "VI Kal Jul" of "Otto et Chunradus frater eius com^es de Hardeke occisi sunt"[558]. m as her first husband, WILLIBIRG von Helfenstein, daughter of ULRICH [II] Graf von Helfenstein & his wife --- (-27 Aug 1314). "W…comitissa de Hartek" donated property, for the souls of "mariti nostri comitis Ottonis de Hartek pie memorie et C. fratris sui", by charter dated 18 Oct [1260][559]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. She married secondly Henrich Burggraf von Dewin (-1270). "Heinricus comes de Hardekke Burchgrauiusque in Dewin" donated property to Meilan, with the consent of "domine Wibirgis…comitisse uxoris nostre", by charter dated 11 Feb 1269[560]. "Heinricus comes de Thebein necnon Wilwirgis uxor eius comitissa de Hardek" donated property to Meilan by charter dated 23 Apr 1270[561]. "Wilbirgis comitissa de Hardek" donated property to Meilan, for "maritum nostrum [Henrici] comitem de Hardek…iam defunctum", by charter dated 23 Apr 1271[562]. She married thirdly Berthold Graf von Schwarzburg zu Rabenswald und Hardegg (-7 Aug 1312). "Bertoldus comes…cum…coniuge nostra domina Wilbirgi comitissa de Hardekke" confirmed a donation to the nuns of St Bernhard by "dominus Henricus comes quondam dictus de Dewin, predecessor noster felicis memorie", by charter dated 13 Oct 1295[563].

b) KONRAD [II] (-killed in battle Staatz 26/27 Jun 1260). "Chunradus…comes de Play" donated property to Geras, with the consent of "filiorum nostrorum Ottonis et Chunradi comitum", by charter dated 30 Nov 1249[564]. Graf von Plain 1250. Graf von Hardegg 1254. Vogt von Högelwörth. He was killed in battle against the Hungarians. The Notæ Altahenses record that "Otto et Chunradus fratres comites de Plaigo" were killed "1260 V Kal Jul…a Comanis"[565]. The necrology of Admont records the death "V Kal Jul" of "Otto com, Chunradus com"[566]. The necrology of Melk records the death "VI Kal Jul" of "Otto et Chunradus frater eius com^es de Hardeke occisi sunt"[567].

c) EUPHEMIA (-after 1 Apr 1292). Wegener refers to Albert Graf von Görz-Tirol renouncing his rights to Plain which came through his mother-in-law Offmey and his wife of the same name, dated 1 May 1292[568]. m (1254) HERMANN [I] Graf von Ortenburg (-19 May 1265).

d) MARIA (-after 20 Mar 1299). Wegener cites the 14th century work on the crusade journey of Ludwig "der Fromme" Landgraf of Thuringia which states that the wife of Ulrich von Neuhaus was the sister of Grafen Otto and Konrad von Hardegg[569]. m ULRICH [I] von Neuhaus [Witigonen] (-before 29 Dec 1292).

3. [HEINRICH (-3 Apr [1237]). The Bernardi Cremifanensis Historiæ names "Heinricus 17 annis. Iste fuit de styrpe comitum de Plæyn et monachus in Tegernse", indicating his appointment in 1220 as abbot of Kremsmünster[570]. Although the source does not state his parentage, it would be chronological consistent for him to have been the son of Graf Heinrich, assuming that he was an agnatic descendant of the family and legitimate.]

Chapter 6. GRAFEN von SPONHEIM

The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia implies that this family originated in Franconia when it names "comes Engelbertus ex patre Sigfrido Francorum civis" (see below)[571]. However, no primary source so far identified relates any history of the family before 1045, the date when Siegfried is first recorded as Markgraf in the Hungarian March. There is no indication of Siegfried's parentage, although the name Siegfried is found among the Saxon nobility. There are several other indications of a connection between this family and Saxony, including the marriages of Siegfried's son Graf Engelbert [I] with the supposed daughter of Bernhard II Duke of Saxony and Siegfried's granddaughter Richgard with Rudolf [I] Graf von Stade, later Markgraf der Nordmark. The installation of Siegfried's son Hartwig as Archbishop of Magdeburg and the naming of his son Hermann as Burggraf von Magdeburg also suggest connections which were not limited to Carinthia. All these factors point to Markgraf Siegfried enjoying a position of some prominence at the court of King Heinrich III and, if this is correct, it is surprising that there is no earlier trace of him in the documentation.

Most of the counties held by members of the family were located in Carinthia, except for Sponheim itself.

SIEGFRIED, son of --- (-[Bulgaria] 5 Jul 1065, bur [Bulgaria], transferred to St Paul). The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names "comes Engelbertus ex patre Sigfrido Francorum civis, ex matre Rihkarda maiorum Karinthia primus", and in a later passage names "Sifridi natale solum Spanheimmense fuerat castrum, Richkart Laventinis oriunda" as parents of "Hartwic Magdeburgensis archiepiscopus"[572]. He was appointed Markgraf der Ungarischen Mark 1045 until before 1048. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "intra fluvios Phiscaha et Litaha et Maraha" to "Sigefrido marchioni" by charter dated 7 Mar 1045[573]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "inter flumina Litaha et Fiscaha…in comitatu Sigifridi marchionis" to "fideli nostro Reginoldo" by charter dated 3 Jun 1045[574]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "iuxta alveum fluminis Danubii…contra Ungaricam plateam…villa Stillefride…" on the petition of "…Heinrici ducis Sigefrido marchioni" by charter dated 15 Jul 1045[575]. Graf im Pustertal 1048, maybe he was granted this county on losing the Markgrafschaft. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Bvsterissa in comitatu Sigefridi comitis…Swarzenbahc…Aurina…" to Poppo Bishop of Brixen by charter dated 25 Jan 1048[576]. He died while returning from pilgrimage to Jerusalem. The brothers Graf Engelbert and Hartwig Archbishop of Magdeburg transferred the remains of their mother Richgard from Spanheim to St Paul to be next to her husband Graf Siegfried, the document dated [1100] confirming that their father died while returning from pilgrimage to Jerusalem and was first buried in Bulgaria and that their mother died while on pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela[577].

m RICHGARD, daughter of --- (-Santiago de Compostela 9 Jul [1072], bur Spanheim, transferred [1100] to St Paul). The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names "comes Engelbertus ex patre Sigfrido Francorum civis, ex matre Rihkarda maiorum Karinthia primus", and in a later passage names "Sifridi natale solum Spanheimmense fuerat castrum, Richkart Laventinis oriunda" as parents of "Hartwic Magdeburgensis archiepiscopus"[578]. Wegener assumes that she was Richgard, daughter of Engelbert Graf im Inn- und Norital [Sieghardinger] & his wife Liutgard --- because she named her son Engelbert[579]. However, the same reasoning could apply to any other contemporary member of the Sieghardinger family, in which the name Engelbert was commonly used. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "VII Id Jul" of "Rihkart com^a"[580]. The brothers Graf Engelbert and Hartwig Archbishop of Magdeburg transferred the remains of their mother Richgard from Spanheim to St Paul to be next to her husband Graf Siegfried, the document dated [1100] confirming that their father died while returning from pilgrimage to Jerusalem and was first buried in Bulgaria and that their mother died while on pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela[581].

Graf Siegfried & his wife had four children:

1. ENGELBERT [I] (-1 Apr 1096). The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names "comes Engelbertus ex patre Sigfrido Francorum civis, ex matre Rihkarda maiorum Karinthia primus"[582]. Graf im Kraichgau. Graf von Sponheim.

- see below.

2. HARTWIG von Sponheim (-17 Jun 1126). The Fundatio Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names "Sifridi natale solum Spanheimmense fuerat castrum, Richkart Laventinis oriunda" as parents of "Hartwic Magdeburgensis archiepiscopus"[583]. Canon at Mainz Cathedral 1056. Provost at Erfurt 1079. He was installed as Archbishop of Magdeburg in 1079 by Rudolf von Rheinfelden anti-King of Germany[584].

3. [daughter . According to Europäische Stammtafeln[585], the father of Zeizolf was the unnamed son of Graf Siegfried. This is presumably based on the charter dated to [1123/30] under which "Ceizoldus senirois Engelberti fratris filius" donated property to Kloster St Lambrecht[586]. However, the reference to "Cholo sororis episcopi filius", shown below, suggests that it was Zeizolf's mother who was related to this family, assuming that "Cholo" refers to "Zeizolf". m ---. The name of Zeizolf's father is not known. It is likely that he was related to the earlier counts of this name who are shown in GERMAN NOBILITY.] One child:

a) ZEIZOLF von Osterwitz (-11 Jan after [1130/37]). He may be "Cholo sororis episcopi filius" named as second witness to a charter of Engelbert dated 2 Dec 1092 which is quoted in the Fundatio Sancti Pauli in Carinthia[587]. This looks probable as his supposed paternal uncle Hermann was referred to as "frater episcopi" in another charter quoted in the same source (see below). "Ceizolf" witnessed another charter of the same date also quoted in the Fundatio Sancti Pauli in Carinthia[588], presumably the same person. The issue of Zeizolf´s parentage is confused by the charter dated to [1123/30] under which "Ceizoldus senirois Engelberti fratris filius" donated property to Kloster St Lambrecht[589]. m --- (-after [1130/37]). The name of Zeizolf's wife is not known. Zeizolf & his wife had children:

i) children (-before 1137). The primary source which confirms their parentage has not yet been identified.

4. HERMANN (-[22 Jul] 1118). The Fundatio Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names "Sifridi natale solum Spanheimmense fuerat castrum, Richkart Laventinis oriunda" as parents of "Hartwic Magdeburgensis archiepiscopus", and lists "Herman comes frater episcopi" as first witness of the related diploma[590]. Burggraf and Vogt of Magdeburg. The Annalista Saxo records the death in 1118 of "Hermannus Magdeburgensis comes"[591]. The necrology of Admont records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "Hermannus com"[592], although it is not certain that this refers to this Graf Hermann. m ---. The name of Hermann's wife is not known. Hermann & his wife had one child:

a) RICHGARD von Sponheim (-1151). The Annalista Saxo names "Richardis filia Herimanni Magedaburgensis comitis" as wife of "Rodolfus comes frater Udonis marchionis"[593]. She was co-founder of Kloster Sponheim. m RUDOLF I Graf von Stade, son of LOTHAR UDO II Graf von Stade Markgraf der Nordmark & his wife Oda von Werl (-7 Dec 1124). He succeeded his brother in 1106 as RUDOLF I Markgraf der Nordmark.

ENGELBERT [I] von Sponheim, son of SIEGFRIED Graf von Sponheim und im Pustertal ex-Markgraf & his wife Richgard [Sieghardinger] (-1 Apr 1096). The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names "comes Engelbertus ex patre Sigfrido Francorum civis, ex matre Rihkarda maiorum Karinthia primus"[594]. Graf im Kraichgau. Graf von Sponheim [1070]. Graf im Pustertal 1070. Vogt of Salzburg. The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeran records the death "Kal Apr" of "Engilbertus ex comite m"[595]. The necrology of Seckau records the death "Kal Apr" of "Engelbertus fundator s Pauli in Lavant"[596].

m HEDWIG, daughter of --- (-1 Jun [after 1100]). The Fundatio Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names "Hadwich cometissa Engelberti relicta", and lists (in order) "Engelbert et Pernhart et Hainrich filii ipsius" as witnesses to the related diploma[597]. The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeran records the death "Kal Jun" of "Hadewich com^a"[598]. The Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi names "Idam Namucensem…uxorem Angelberti marchionis et Gertrudem comitissam Flandrensem" as children of "Bernardum"[599]. It is not certain to whom "Angelberti marchionis" refers, but it is possible that it is Engelbert [I] Graf von Sponheim whose father was Markgraf. If this is correct, she would have been Hedwig of Saxony, daughter of Bernhard II Duke of Saxony [Billung] & his wife Eilika von Schweinfurt. Wegener points out that a Saxon origin for Hedwig is consistent with the introduction of the names Bernhard and Heinrich into the family of the Grafen von Sponheim[600]. However, if Hedwig was the daughter of Duke Bernhard, she must have been born in the range [1020/40]. This seems early in light of the known career dates of Hedwig's children.

Graf Engelbert [I] & his wife had seven children:

1. ENGELBERT [II] von Sponheim (-1141). The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names (in order) "Engelbertus primogenitus, Sigfridus, Bernhardus et Heinricus" as sons of "Engelberto comite seniore"[601]. The Vita Chuonradi names "Engilbertum et Bernhardum" as brothers of Heinrich Duke of Carinthia[602]. Marchese of Istria 1107. He was installed in 1124 as ENGELBERT Duke of Carinthia, until 1135.

- DUKES of CARINTHIA.

2. RICHGARD von Sponheim (-10 Apr [1130]). Richgard's origin is proved by the source dated [1106], cited by Wegener, in which Richkart widowed Gräfin von Wasserburg donated property to Kloster St Paul witnessed by her brothers Bernhard and Heinrich[603]. Richgard's first marriage shown below is uncertain. Wegener suggests that it is correct because Berthold [I] von Regensburg named his son Engelbert[604]. However, he also cites a donation by Richgard dated [1108] for the soul of her husband Berthold[605], which suggests that Berthold's death may have been closer to that date, which would exclude this Richgard being his wife in view of her other two marriages. A further difficulty is that Richgard von Sponheim is recorded as having a son named Engelbert by her marriage with Gebhard von Wasserburg, it being unlikely that she would have given the same name to two of her sons. Her [first/second] marriage is indicated by the Fundatio Sancti Pauli in Carinthia which names "Poppo gener comitis" as first witness to a charter of Engelbert dated 2 Dec 1092, although this does not specify her name[606]. However, the primary source which states clearly that the wife of Graf Gebhard was the widow of Poppo has not so far been identified. [m firstly as his second wife, BERTHOLD [I] von Regensburg und Schwarzenburg, son of FRIEDRICH [I] & his wife [Tuta] von Regensburg (-before [1108]).] m [firstly/secondly] POPPO II Marchese di Carniola e Istria, son of ULRICH I Marchese di Carniola e Istria & his wife Sophie of Hungary (-1098). m [secondly/thirdly] GEBHARD I von Wasserburg, son of --- & his wife Gisela --- (-3 Oct [1102]).

3. HARTWIG von Sponheim (-3 Mar 1126). The Vita Norberti Archiepiscopi Magdeburgensis names "Engelbertus marchio cuius filiam…Theobaldo in coniugio" as brother of the bishop of Regensburg[607]. Provost at Salzburg Cathedral. A charter dated to [1100] records donations to Kloster St Paul by "Engelberti comitis filii, Hartwicus…Juuauensis ecclesie prepositus, Sigfridus, Bernhardus atque Hainricus"[608]. Bishop of Regensburg 1105.

4. SIEGFRIED [I] von Sponheim (-6 May [1130]). The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names (in order) "Engelbertus primogenitus, Sigfridus, Bernhardus et Heinricus" as sons of "Engelberto comite seniore"[609]. A charter dated to [1100] records donations to Kloster St Paul by "Engelberti comitis filii, Hartwicus…Juuauensis ecclesie prepositus, Sigfridus, Bernhardus atque Hainricus"[610]. Graf von Arch. m firstly HILDBURG [Hizila], daughter of --- (-31 Jul ----, bur Seeon). The necrology of Seeon records the death "II Kal Aug" of "Hiltipurch com…hic iacet" and her donation[611]. This is another of the entries written in upper case in the necrology, presumably indicating that she was a major donor to the monastery. Wegener cites a later version of the same necrology which names "Hiltipurch vel Hizila uxor Sivridi fratris Engelberti" among donors to the monastery[612]. Wegener suggests that she was Hildburg [Hizila] von Tengling, daughter of Friedrich II Graf von Tengling [Sieghardinger] & his wife [Mathilde von Lechsgemünd][613]. m secondly ADELHEID, daughter of --- (-23 Jan [1145]). The Fundatio Sancti Pauli in Carinthia records the donation by "filius eius [Hadwich cometissa Engelberti relicta] Sigfridus et…ipsum eius coniux Adilheidis…tandem Sigfridus illorum filius"[614]. Graf Siegfried [I] & his first wife had one child:

a) FRIEDRICH (-after [1130]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Hohenburg.

Graf Siegfried [I] & his second wife had [two] children:

b) SIEGFRIED [II] (-1164). The Fundatio Sancti Pauli in Carinthia records the donation by "filius eius [Hadwich cometissa Engelberti relicta] Sigfridus et…ipsum eius coniux Adilheidis…tandem Sigfridus illorum filius"[615]. Graf von Lebenau [1130]. Graf von Hohenburg 1147. Vogt of Salzburg Cathedral 1150. "Comes Sigifridus de Liubenowe" donated property to Bamburg by charter dated to [1160][616]. The Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses record the death in 1164 of "Sifridus de Liubnove"[617]. m as her first husband, MATHILDE von Valley, daughter of KONRAD [I] Graf von Valley [Wittelsbach] & his wife Agnes --- (-[1180]). Her parentage is indicated by the charter dated to [1191] which records that her son "Sifridus comes de Liubinowe", before leaving on crusade, delegated "avunculi sui Chunradi comitis de Valei" to donate property to Admont in case he died[618]. Her first marriage is also suggested, and her second marriage, confirmed, by the charter dated to [1164/89] under which "nobilis matrona domina Mehtild cometissa mater comitum O et S de Liubeno…maritus eius dominus Hainricus de Truhsen" donated property to Kloster St Paul[619]. She married secondly Heinrich von Trixen. Graf Siegfried [II] & his wife had two children:

i) SIEGFRIED [III] von Lebenau (-12 Mar [1190]). "Nobilis matrona domina Mehtild cometissa mater comitum O et S de Liubeno…maritus eius dominus Hainricus de Truhsen" donated property to Kloster St Paul by charter dated to [1164/89][620]. Graf von Lebenau. Her parentage is indicated by the charter dated to [1191] which records that her son "Sifridus comes de Liubinowe", before leaving on crusade, delegated "avunculi sui Chunradi comitis de Valei" to donate property to Admont in case he died[621]. Vogt of Salzburg Cathedral. The necrology of Baumburg records the death "Id Mar" of "Sifridus com fr n"[622]. The necrology of Seeon records the death "IV Id Mar" of "Sigifridus com"[623]. m KUNIGUNDE, daughter of ---. Wegener cites a later version of the necrology of Seeon which names "Chunegund cometissa uxor Sigfridi fratris Ottonis"[624].

ii) OTTO von Lebenau (-8 Mar [1200/04]). "Nobilis matrona domina Mehtild cometissa mater comitum O et S de Liubeno…maritus eius dominus Hainricus de Truhsen" donated property to Kloster St Paul by charter dated to [1164/89][625]. Graf von Lebenau. Wegener refers to a donation to Berchtesgaden by Gräfin Agnes von P and her son Chounrad for the soul of Graf Heinrich and his son Otto dated 1197, the first witness being Otto Graf von Liubenauwe[626]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "VIII Id Mar" of "Otto com de Lubenowe"[627]. The necrology of Seeon records the death "VIII Id Apr" of "Otto advocatus n com de Lui[benowe]"[628]. m firstly EUPHEMIA von Dornberg, daughter of WOLFRAM von Dornberg (-14 Nov ----). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. The necrology of Seeon records the death "XVIII Kal Dec" of "Offemia com^a de Levbenee"[629]. Wegener cites a later version of the necrology of Seeon which names "Offemia cometissa uxor Ottonis filiis Seivridi"[630]. m secondly SOPHIE von Plain, daughter of LIUTPOLD von Plain & his wife Ida von Burghausen (-21 Oct after 1210). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. The necrology of Admont records the death "XII Kal Nov" of "Sophia com^a Liubenawe"[631]. Graf Otto & his first wife had one child:

(a) SIEGFRIED [IV] von Lebenau (-16 Dec [1210]). Wegener cites a donation to St Paul dated [1205] by "Sifridus iunior filius Ottonis comitis" for the soul of his father[632]. The primary source which confirms that he was the son of his father's first marriage has not yet been identified. Graf von Lebenau. The necrology of Seeon records the death "XVII Kal Jan" of "Sigifridus com Livbenowe"[633].

Graf Otto & his second wife had two children:

(b) BERNHARD von Lebenau (-17 Apr 1229, bur Seeon). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Lebenau. The necrology of Seeon records the death "XV Kal Mai" of "Bernhardus com de Liuhenawe et hic iacet"[634].

(c) --- von Lebenau . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ULRICH von Peggau Graf von Pfannberg (-after 1237).

c) [BERTHA von Lebenau . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. nobilis matrona 1150/60[635].]

5. FRIEDRICH (-1131). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Fredericus [primus] frater comitis Engelberti" when recording the election of his [great] nephew as Archbishop of Köln[636]. Archbishop of Köln 1099.

6. BERNHARD von Sponheim (-killed in battle Laodicea 16 Nov 1147). The Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia names (in order) "Engelbertus primogenitus, Sigfridus, Bernhardus et Heinricus" as sons of "Engelberto comite seniore"[637]. The Vita Chuonradi names "Engilbertum et Bernhardum" as brothers of Heinrich Duke of Carinthia[638]. A charter dated to [1100] records donations to Kloster St Paul by "Engelberti comitis filii, Hartwicus…Juuauensis ecclesie prepositus, Sigfridus, Bernhardus atque Hainricus"[639]. "Heinricus…dux…Engilberti filius" donated property to Kloster St Paul "per manum Bernhardi fratris mei advocati", for the souls of "…coniugis mee Gerdrudis…", by charter dated to 1123[640]. "Engilbertus tunc quidem marchio sed postea dux Karinthiorum" removed property donated to Kloster St Peter at Salzburg [before 13 Dec 1123], but by charter dated 1131 returned it to the archbishop of Salzburg, witnessed by "Pernhardus comes frater, Engilbertus marchio et Heinricus filii eiusdem ducis…"[641]. Vogt of St Paul. Graf von Marburg. "Dominus Heinricus…Wiler…abbas in Mecensi episcopatu" sent monks from his abbey to Carinthia where they were granted property for the church of Victoria by "Berennardus quodam Carinthiorum comitum…eiusque coniux…Cunigundis", by charter dated [Jun] 1142[642]. "Comes Bernardus et comitissa Quunigunda uxor sua" donated "castrum de Arthenia" [Udine] to the patriarch of Aquileja by charter dated 1146[643]. m KUNIGUNDE of Styria, daughter of OTAKAR II Markgraf of Styria [Otakare] & his wife Elisabeth of Austria [Babenberg] (-20 Jul 1161). "Dominus Heinricus…Wiler…abbas in Mecensi episcopatu" sent monks from his abbey to Carinthia where they were granted property for the church of Victoria by "Berennardus quodam Carinthiorum comitum…eiusque coniux…Cunigundis", by charter dated [Jun] 1142[644]. Her parentage is confirmed by the Genealogia Marchionum de Stire which records that "Otachyr patri suo [Liupoldo]" inherited property from "Ottonis comitis de Naym et Bernhardi comitis de Karynthia" specifying that the latter had married "amitam ipsius Chunegundem"