The county of Maine lay south of the duchy of Normandy and north of the county of Anjou. It derived from the pagus Cenomanensis, which coincided geographically with the territory of the bishopric of Le Mans. Onomastics suggest that the early counts in Maine descend from Rothgar, recorded as count in the mid-8th century, although the information which has survived in primary sources is insufficient to trace the precise relationships (see Chapter 1.A). Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks confiscated the county from Rorico [II], son of count Rorico [I], in 862 and entrusted it to Robert "le Fort", ancestor of the later Capetian kings of France. Roger, whose relationship to the earlier counts of Maine has not been established, ruled Maine in 897, probably established there by Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks who was his wife's nephew. It remained with Roger's descendants in the male line until 1062, when it was overrun by Guillaume II Duke of Normandy (who later succeeded as William I King of England). The people of Maine successfully rebelled against Norman rule in 1070, installing as count a member of the powerful Este family of northern Italy, who was the first cousin of the last count of the family of Roger. He took little interest in his inheritance and, according to Orderic Vitalis, sold the county in [1093] to his cousin Hélie de la Flèche for 10,000 shilllings[1] (see Chapter 1.B). Hélie's only daughter married Foulques V Comte d'Anjou in 1110, and the county of Maine was subsumed into the county of Anjou. It formed part of the French territories which passed to the future Henry II King of England in 1152. The English lost control over Anjou and Maine in the early 13th century, when both counties were integrated into the domaine royale of the Capetian kings.

The most interesting genealogical problem associated with the families of the early counts of Maine is the shadowy figure of David, allegedly Comte de Maine in the mid-10th century. He is named in a series of probably spurious documents as the father of Comte Hugues [II]. However, he does not figure in his own right in contemporary charters and his historical existence has been generally doubted. Nevertheless, an analysis of the problem highlights the probability of a missing generation in the generally accepted genealogy of the 10th century counts of Maine, which could be filled either by this alleged David or by an additional count named Hugues. This question is discussed fully in Chapter 1.B.

This document sets out some other noble families in the county of Maine, including the Sires de Braitel, Seigneurs de Chaources, Seigneurs de Château-du-Loir, Seigneurs de Château-Gonthier, Sires de Laval, the Vicomtes de Maine (later known as the Vicomtes de Beaumont-sur-Sarthe), and the Seigneurs de Mayenne.

The county of Vendôme lay east of the county of Maine. It is recorded in primary sources as a separate county from the late 9th century, but passed by marriage to the counts of Anjou in the first half of the 11th century. After a period of direct rule by Geoffroy II "Martel" Comte d´Anjou, the county of Vendôme re-established its autonomy after he died in 1060 when it was held by a junior branch of the family of the comtes de Nevers. This family expired in the male line in 1085, when the county was inherited by the seigneurs de Preuilly and, in the early 13th century, by the seigneurs de Montoire. In the late 14th century, the county passed to a younger branch of the Bourbon-Capet family.

Chapter 1. COMTES de MAINE

A. COMTES de MAINE

1. ROTHGAR . The Actus pontificum Cenomannis names "Rothgarius quidam comes et filius eius Karivius" as holding power [in Maine] during the bishopric of Gauzlin (from [743] to 771)[2]. m ---. The name of Rothgar's wife is not known. Rothgar & his wife had one child:

a) HERVE . The Actus pontificum Cenomannis names "Rothgarius quidam comes et filius eius Karivius" as holding power [in Maine] during the bishopric of Gauzlin (from [743] to 771)[3].

b) GAUZLIN (-773). Bishop of Le Mans. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records Gauzlin Bishop of Le Mans as "filius…Rothgarii et frater Hervei"[4].

GAUZLIN, son of --- . His name suggests a family connection with the preceding family group.

m ADELTRUDIS, daughter of ---. "Rorgo comes" names "genitor meus Gauzlinus et mater mea Adeltrudis, germanus noster Gausbertus…filium nostrum Gauslinum" in his charter dated 1 Mar 839[5].

Gauzlin & his wife had two children:

1. RORICO [Rorgo] [I] (-16 Jun [839/40], bur Abbaye de Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil, Anjou). His relationship with one of the daughters of Emperor Charlemagne suggests that he probably lived at the emperor's court at the start of the 9th century, but no reference to this has so far been found in contemporary documentation. Comte de Rennes 819. He founded the abbey of Saint-Maur-sur-Loire, later known as Glanfeuil, in 824. Comte de Maine [832]. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis names "Cenomannis…comite eiusdem parrochie Rorigone", in a passage which records the enthronement of bishop Aldric in 832[6]. Emperor Louis I confirmed the donation of "comes Rorigo…cum sue coniuge Bilechilde" to "cœnobium Glannafoliense Fossatensi in pago Andegavo" by charter dated 833[7]. "Rorgo comes" donated property "in pago Andecavo in condite Maciacinse…in Valegia…Maiacinias" to the abbey of Saint-Maur-sur-Loire by charter dated 1 Mar 839, which names "genitor meus Gauzlinus et mater mea Adeltrudis, germanus noster Gausbertus…filium nostrum Gauslinum" and is subscribed by "Rortgonis comitis, Bilichildis uxoris eius, Gausberti fratris eius"[8]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XVI Kal Jul" of "Rorigo comes"[9]. m (after 800) BILICHILDIS, daughter of ---. Emperor Louis I confirmed the donation of "comes Rorigo…cum sue coniuge Bilechilde" to "cœnobium Glannafoliense Fossatensi in pago Andegavo" by charter dated 833[10]. "…Bilichildis uxoris eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Mar 839 under which "Rorgo comes" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Maur-sur-Loire[11]. Mistress (1): ([800]) HROTHRUDIS [Rotrud], daughter of Emperor CHARLES I King of the Franks & his second wife Hildegard [Udalrichinger] ([775]-6 Jun 810[12]). "Hruodrudem et Bertham et Gislam" are named as daughters of King Charles and Hildegard by Einhard[13]. Rotrud's relationship with Rorico [I] is proved by the Annales Bertiniani which record the death "867 V Id Ian" of "Hludowicus abbas monasterii et nepos Karoli imperatoris ex filia maiori natu Rohtrude"[14], read together with an earlier part of the same source in which her son Louis is named "Ludowicum abbatem monasterii Sancti Dyonisii cum fratre ipsius Gauzleno"[15], Gauzlin being named in other sources cited below as the son of Rorico. The Gesta Francorum records the death "810 VIII Id Iun" of "Hruoddrud filia imperatoris quæ natu maior erat"[16]. Einhard records the death "VIII Id Iun 810" of "Hruodtrud filia imperatories"[17]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "III Non Jun" of "Rotrudis filia Karoli imperatoris"[18]. Comte Rorico & his wife had [six] children (the order of birth of these children must be considered approximate):

a) RORICO [II] (-866). His parentage is confirmed by reading the two references to the parentage of his brothers Gauzlin and Geoffroy [Gauzfrid] (see below), together with the Annales Bertiniani which record the death of "Rorigus frater Gauzfridi"[19]. Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks entrusted the administration of ducatus Cenomannicus to Rorico, but the latter instigated the revolt of the king's son Louis in 862, resulting in the confiscation of the appointment which was awarded to Robert "le Fort" [Capet][20]. It is not clear whether this appointment amounted to Rorico's installation as Comte de Maine or whether it was more of an administrative delegation, with rights and duties similar to those of a vicomte. The Annales Bertiniani record that King Charles II pardoned "Gozfridum et Roricum atque Heriveum" in 863[21], but no record has been found of his reappointment in Maine. The Annales Bertiniani record that the Vikings killed "Rorigus frater Gauzfridi" in 866[22].

b) GEOFFROY [Gauzfrid] (-877). The Annales Bertiniani record that "Guntfridus et Gozfridus" defected to "Salomonem, Britonum ducem" in 861, and persuaded Louis ("le Bègue"), son of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks, to join them in 862, although they also record that King Charles II pardoned "Gozfridum et Roricum atque Heriveum" in 863[23]. No record has yet been identified which links Geoffroy with administration of the county of Maine. Flodoard's Historia Remensis Ecclesiæ names "Gozlino…Bernardo nepote ipsius…fratrem…suum Gozfridem", referring to Bernard Marquis of Septimania and his rebellion dated to [877], from the context implying that Gauzfrid had recently died[24].

c) [BILICHILDIS]. The origin of the wife of Comte Bernard is deduced from the Historia Inventionis Sanctii Baudelli which names "Gothorum princeps Bernardus cum avunculo suo Gauzleno tunc inclito Abbate, futuro autem episcopo"[25]. Flodoard's Historia Remensis Ecclesiæ also names "Gozlino…Bernardo nepote ipsius", referring to Bernard Marquis of Septimania and his rebellion dated to [877][26]. She is named in the record of the excommunication by Pope John VIII of "Bernardum filium Bernardi et Belihildis" in 879[27]. m BERNARD Comte, son of --- (-killed in battle 844).

d) daughter . Abbo's De Bellis Parisiacæ names "Ebolus…Abba" as nepos of "Gauzlinus…pontificis"[28], the latter being reported in other sources as the son of Comte Rorico [I] (see below). It is possible that the wife of Comte Rainulf was the same person as the daughter named [Bilichildis] (see above), who would have been recently widowed at the time of Rainulf's marriage. m as his second wife, RAINULF I Comte de Poitou, son of GERARD I Comte d'Auvergne & his first wife --- ([815]-near Brissarthe Jul 866).

e) GAUZLIN (-16 Apr 886[29]). "Rorgo comes" names "genitor meus Gauzlinus et mater mea Adeltrudis, germanus noster Gausbertus…filium nostrum Gauslinum" in his charter dated 1 Mar 839[30]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Ludowicum abbatem monasterii Sancti Dyonisii cum fratre ipsius Gauzleno" captured a Viking force in 858[31]. Abbé de Saint-Germain, Paris. Bishop. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XVI Kal Apr" of "Gauzlinus episcopus"[32].

Comte Rorico had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

f) LOUIS ([800]-9 Jan 867). Abbot of Saint-Denis Oct 840. Arch-Chancellor (Protonotar) of Charles II “le Chauve” King of the Franks from 840 until his death[33]. His parentage is confirmed by the Annales Bertiniani which record that "Ludowicum abbatem monasterii Sancti Dyonisii cum fratre ipsius Gauzleno" captured a Viking force in 858[34]. The Annales Bertiniani record the death "867 V Id Ian" of "Hludowicus abbas monasterii et nepos Karoli imperatoris ex filia maiori natu Rohtrude"[35].

2. GAUZBERT . "Rorgo comes" names "genitor meus Gauzlinus et mater mea Adeltrudis, germanus noster Gausbertus…filium nostrum Gauslinum" in his charter dated 1 Mar 839[36]. Abbé of the monastery of Glanfeuil. same person as…? GAUZBERT (-killed [853]). Comte de Maine. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Lanbertus comes Nannetansium" was killed by "Gauzberto Cenomannensium comite", the event being dated from the context to the early 850s[37]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Gauzbertus comes Cenomannensis" was killed "insidiis Nannetensium circumventus", the event being dated from the context to the early 850s[38].

3. GUY, son of --- (-killed in battle Jun 834). Comte de Maine. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis reproduces a charter of Emperor Louis I dated 29 Dec 832 which names "fidelis nostrum Widonem" as holding power [in Maine][39]. The Miracula Sancti Bernardi names "Odonem fratremque illius Guillelmum, comitem Blesensium, Teutonem denique abbatem Sancti Martini, Guidonem comitem Cenomanensem" among those killed in battle against Lambert Comte de Nantes[40]. The Chronica Rainaldi records that "Odo comes Aurelianensium, Willelmus frater eius comes Blesensium, Guido comes Cenomanensium" died in battle fighting "Lambertum" in 835[41]. It is more likely that this battle took place in 834, assuming that it is correct that Count Lantbert was established in Italy later that year.

4. BERENGER, son of --- (-13 Dec [892 or after]). [Comte de Maine]. A notice of Saint-Martin de Tours records that officials of the church went to Le Mans 13 Jun 892 demanding justice from "comte Béranger"[42]. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "Id Dec" of "Beringerius comes"[43].

5. GAUZLIN, son of --- (-[895/98 or after). Comte de Maine. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records that "Robertus comes" installed "Gauzlino" in Maine, during the period of the attacks by "Rotgario"[44]. His name suggests a relationship with the family of Rorico [I] Comte de Maine, one of whose sons was named Gauzlin (see above).

The relationship, if any, between the following family and the earlier comtes de Maine has not yet been identified, although the similarity of "Rotger" to "Rothgar" suggests a connection with the family of the first known counts (see above):

1. --- . m --- [de Bourges], sister of Hugues Comte de Bourges, daughter of ---. According to Settipani[45], Roger's maternal uncle was Hugues Comte de Bourges but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified.

a) ROGER [Rotger], son of --- ([855/65]-before I Nov 900). His parentage is not known. His birth date range is estimated from the estimated date of his marriage which, assuming that his wife's origin is correct as shown below, must be reasonably accurate. According to Settipani[46], Roger's maternal uncle was Hugues Comte de Bourges but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. Comte de Maine 897. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records the attacks on the bishopric of Le Mans by "Rotgario", while Gunherius was bishop (from 890 to 913)[47]. His marriage, and the appointment of his rival Gauzlin by the Capet family (see above), indicate that Roger must have been a Carolingian supporter. His date of death is estimated based on the charter dated 1 Nov 900 which names his presumed son and widow (see below). m ([890]) ROTHILDIS, daughter of Emperor CHARLES II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks & his second wife Richildis [de Provence] ([871]-[928/29]). Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks confirmed donations of property "in comitatu quoque Cœnomannico" made by "Hugo comes et mater sua Rothildis", at the request of "genitrix nostra Adeleidis et…comes Hugo consanguineus, necnon et…comes Ecfridus" by charter dated 1 Nov 900[48]. The charter dated 929 subscribed by "Hugonis comitis filii Rotgerii comitis" suggests that Rothildis must have been the wife of Roger[49]. Flodoard names "Rothildis, amitæ suæ [regis Karoli], socrus autem Hugonis" when recording that the king deprived her of "abbatiam…Golam" [Chelles] in favour of his favourite Haganon, the context dictating that "Hugonis" was "Hugo filius Rotberti"[50]. As the paternal aunt of King Charles III, chronology determines that she must have been the daughter of her father's second marriage, although no source has yet been identified which confirms that this is correct. She acquired the monasteries of Chelles, and Notre-Dame and Saint-Jean at Laon. She retreated to Chelles in 922 but was deprived of the monastery by her nephew Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks in favour of his favourite Haganon, an event which led to the rebellion of Robert Marquis en Neustrie who was the father of Rothilde's son-in-law (Hugues, later "le Grand" Duc des Francs)[51]. Her death is dated to [late 928/early 929] as Flodoard names "Rothildis…nuper defunctæ" when recording that "Heribertus et Hugo comites" (specifying that "Hugo" was "gener ipsius Rothildis") attacked "Bosonem Rodulfi regis frater" in 929 over the property of Rothilde[52]. Comte Rotger & his wife had two children:

i) HUGUES [I] de Maine ([890]-[26 Mar 931/Sep 960]). Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks confirmed donations of property "in comitatu quoque Cœnomannico" made by "Hugo comes et mater sua Rothildis", at the request of "genitrix nostra Adeleidis et…comes Hugo consanguineus, necnon et…comes Ecfridus" by charter dated 1 Nov 900[53]. This presumably indicates that Hugues's father was already dead at the time, and that Hugues himself was still a minor under the guardianship of his mother. If his mother's origin is correctly identified as shown above, Hugues could have been no more than ten years old at the time. It is assumed that "comes Hugo consanguineus" and "Hugo comes…" named in this charter were the same person, although this is not beyond all doubt. If it is correct, the consanguinity would have been through Hugues's mother who was King Charles's paternal aunt as shown above. He succeeded his father in [900] as Comte de Maine. His parentage is further confirmed by the charter dated 3 May 929 under which Hugues, future duc des Francs, returned property to Saint-Martin de Tours, subscribed by "Hugonis comitis filii Rotgerii comitis"[54]. Flodoard records that in 924 Raoul King of France granted Maine to "Hugoni filio Rotberti"[55] who, as noted below, was married to the sister of Hugues [I] Comte de Maine. It is not known whether this grant resulted in Comte Hugues [I] being temporarily dispossessed, or whether the appointment amounted to replacing Hugues (future Duc des Francs) as suzerain over Maine instead of the king. The latter is more probable as Comte Hugues [I] subscribed the charter of [Duc] Hugues dated 929, which indicates a continuing relationship between the two. "Hugonis ducis, filiorum eius Othonis et Hugonis, Odonis comitis, Hugonis comitis Cenomannorum, Hervei comitis Mauritaniæ, Lamberti vicecomitis" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jun 954 under which "Lambertus filius Ansberti cum Girberga sorore mea…" donated property "in territorio Corbonensi" to Chartres Saint-Père[56]. "Teutbaldi comitis, Teutbaldi junioris, Gausfredi comitis, Hugonis comitis Cenomannorum…" subscribed the charter dated Sep 960 under which "Aremburgis" donated property to Saint-Florent de Saumur[57]. "Hugonis comitis Cenomannorum" in these two documents could either refer to Hugues [I] or Hugues [II].

ii) [JUDITH] de Maine ([before 900]-925). The marriage of Hugues Comte de Paris with the daughter of Roger Comte de Maine is deduced from Flodoard naming "Rothildis, amitæ suæ [regis Karoli], socrus autem Hugonis" when recording that the king deprived Rothilde of "abbatiam…Golam" [Chelles] in favour of his favourite Hagano, the context dictating that "Hugonis" was "Hugo filius Rotberti"[58]. The source which names her father has not yet been identified, but it appears reasonably certain from the sources quoted above that Rothilde's husband was Roger. She is named Judith in Europäische Stammtafeln[59], but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. According to Settipani her name is not known[60]. m ([914]) as his first wife, HUGUES, son of ROBERT Marquis en Neustrie, Comte de Paris [later Robert I King of France] & his second wife Béatrix de Vermandois [Carolingian] ([898]-Dourdan, Essonne Jun 956, bur Saint-Denis). He was installed as HUGUES "le Grand" Duc des Francs in 936.

1. [DAVID/HUGUES] de Maine, son of --- ([915/30]-). The only reasonably certain information concerning the father of Comte Hugues [II] is his estimated birth date range, as explained further below, which indicates that he may have been the son of Comte Hugues [I] (see above). His name is the subject of controversy. A series of apparently spurious charters names "David" as the father of Hugues [II] Comte de Maine, for example "Hugo, David filius, comes Cenomannorum" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour du Mans for the soul of "meique genitoris David et genitricis mee E" by charter dated to [971/997], subscribed by "Hugo filius meus"[61]. In addition, Robert de Torigny records that "Gaufridus comes Perticensis et David comes Cenomannensis" rebelled against "Roberto regi Francorum", after which the king granted Maine to "Gaufrido Grisagonella"[62]. According to Latouche[63], this alleged incident is based on a recital contained in De majoratu et senescalcia Franciæ[64], written in [1158] by Hugue de Clers possibly to add legitimacy to the possession of the county of Maine at that time by the counts of Anjou. The story is anachronistic as Geoffroy "Grisegonelle" was comte d'Anjou from 958 to 987, whereas Robert II King of France succeeded in 996 (installed as associate king in Dec 987). It is also difficult to identify "Gaufridus comes Perticensis". It is of course possible that the report contains some essence of truth but is garbled, and that the alleged rebellion (if it did take place) was against Hugues Capet King of France (father of King Robert II). In any case, it would be bold to assert the complete impossibility of the text being based on an earlier source, and insufficient detail is known about all events in Maine and Anjou during the 10th century to dismiss the report entirely. The existence of David has generally been treated with scepticism[65]. Charters dated 929, 931, 955, 960, 967, 971, 976 and 994 all name "Hugues" as comte de Maine[66], referring presumably to Comte Hugues [I] and Comte Hugues [II] although the date of the transition from the one to the other is not known. The intervals between any of these dates, during which a "Comte David" could have ruled Maine, are short, although it is not impossible that David died soon after succeeding to the county. The other difficulty is deciding the parentage of the father of Comte Hugues [II]. An interesting possibility emerges if we assign estimated birth date ranges to the known counts of Maine in the line from Hugues [I] (who was born in [890], a relatively certain date as shown above) to Hugues [IV] (born [1018/22], also relatively certain). Working backwards from Hugues [IV], his father must have been born in [990/1000], and his grandfather in [960/75]. The possible ranges widen the further back we work through Hugues [IV]'s ancestors, but it can be seen that Hugues [II], who was Hugues [IV]'s great-grandfather, could have been born during the period [930/50]. This is rather later than would be expected assuming that Hugues [II] belonged to the generation which followed Hugues [I]. A missing generation is therefore possible in the generally proposed genealogy of the 10th century counts of Maine. The supposed count David would fill this gap, possibly as the son either of Hugues [I] or of an otherwise unknown brother of the latter. If David did not exist, the generational gap still applies, which suggests the alternative possibility that there were three counts named Hugues during the period 929/994 not two as has been generally accepted. If the documentation relating to David is a complete fabrication, the name is an odd choice to convince contemporary readers of its authenticity, as "David" was unusual in France during the 10th century. Nevertheless, if David had existed, it would be expected that his name would be repeated among Hugues's descendants, which is not the case among those family members who can be identified from primary source documentation (although the same could also be said of the name "Roger", the name of Hugues [I]'s father). It is unlikely that this puzzle can ever be unravelled completely to everyone's satisfaction, but at least this discussion shows that something does not fit in the generally accepted genealogy of the 10th century counts of Maine, the existence of David as a historical individual being one solution to fill the gap. m [E---, daughter of ---]. "Hugo, David filius, comes Cenomannorum" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour du Mans for the soul of "meique genitoris David et genitricis mee E" by charter dated to [971/997], subscribed by "Hugo filius meus"[67]. [David/Hugues] & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [HUGUES [II] de Maine ([930/50]-before Dec 992). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified, apart from the probably spurious documentation highlighted above in relation to the alleged David Comte de Maine. He succeeded as Comte de Maine.]

- see below.

HUGUES [II] de Maine, son of [DAVID/HUGUES [Comte] de Maine & his wife ---] ([930/40]-before Dec 992). It is clear from the dates of the documents in which Hugues [II] is named that he must have been a different person from Hugues [I]. The parentage of Hugues [II] is not known with certainty. A series of documents names "David" as his father, for example "Hugo, David filius, comes Cenomannorum" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour du Mans for the soul of "meique genitoris David et genitricis mee E" by charter dated to [971/997], subscribed by "Hugo filius meus"[68]. The arguments for and against the existence of this person are set out above. If David did not exist, it is likely that Comte Hugues [II] was either the son of Comte Hugues [I] or of another otherwise unidentified Comte Hugues, as explained above. He succeeded as Comte de Maine. "Hugonis ducis, filiorum eius Othonis et Hugonis, Odonis comitis, Hugonis comitis Cenomannorum, Hervei comitis Mauritaniæ, Lamberti vicecomitis" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jun 954 under which "Lambertus filius Ansberti cum Girberga sorore mea…" donated property "in territorio Corbonensi" to Chartres Saint-Père[69]. "Teutbaldi comitis, Teutbaldi junioris, Gausfredi comitis, Hugonis comitis Cenomannorum…" subscribed the charter dated Sep 960 under which "Aremburgis" donated property to Saint-Florent de Saumur[70]. "Hugonis comitis Cenomannorum" in these two documents could either refer to Hugues [I], Hugues [II] or the otherwise unidentified Comte Hugues. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis names "Hugonem, Cenomanensium comitem" during the bishopric of "Segenfridi" (from 971 to 997)[71]. "Sigefredus Cinnomannicæ….episcopus" donated property to Tours-Saint-Julien, with the consent of "senioris nostri Hugonis…ac filiorum eiusdem…Hugonis et Fulchonis", by charter dated Feb 971[72]. "Hugo comes Cenomannus cum filiis meis ac filiabus" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour du Mans by charter dated to [971/997], subscribed by "Hugonis filii eius"[73]. The date of his death is set by the charter dated Dec 992 under which Guillaume Comte de Poitou and his wife Emma donated property to Saint-Maixent held by "Fulcho frater Hugonis comitis Cinnomanensis"[74], showing that the brothers' father was deceased at the time.

m ---. The name of Hugues's wife is not known.

Hugues [II] & his wife had [five or more] children:

1. HUGUES [III] de Maine ([960/75]-[1014/6 Jul 1016]). "Sigefredus Cinnomannicæ….episcopus" donated property to Tours-Saint-Julien, with the consent of "senioris nostri Hugonis…ac filiorum eiusdem…Hugonis et Fulchonis", by charter dated Feb 971[75]. Hugues [III]'s birth date range is estimated by working back from the birth date range estimated for his grandson Comte Hugues [IV], which is reasonably robust as shown below. "Hugo comes Cenomannus cum filiis meis ac filiabus" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour du Mans by charter dated to [971/997], subscribed by "Hugonis filii eius"[76]. He succeeded as Comte de Maine. "Hugo Cinomannensis comes" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Victeur du Mans with the consent of "Hugonis filii Herbrannis" (not yet identified), by charter dated to [1000/15] which is subscribed by "Herbertus frater comitis"[77]. William of Jumièges recounts that "Hugues du Mans et Galeran de Meulan" were among those who joined the army of Eudes Comte de Blois in attempting to capture the château de Tillières {Verneuil, Eure} from Richard II Duke of Normandy, and that Hugues escaped after hiding in a sheep's stable and disguising himself as a shepherd before regaining Le Mans, an event dated to the early 1000s[78]. "Hugo Cenomannensis comes" donated property to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel by charter dated 1014, witnessed by "Roscelini vicecomitis, Hameli de Leido Castello, Haymonis de Medano, Herberti fratris comitis, Droci filii Milonis, Odilarii Drudi"[79]. He is assumed to have died before 6 Jul 1016, the date of a charter in which "Herbertus Evigilans canem cognomine" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour du Mans[80]. m ---. The name of Hugues's wife is not known. Hugues [III] & his wife had two children:

a) HUGUES de Maine (-[1013/14]). Hugues Doubleau donated the priory of Tuffé to the church of Château-du-Loir by charter dated [1013], subscribed by "Hugonis Cenomannensis civitatis comitis, Avesgaudi episcopi ipsius civitatis…Hugonis ipsius militis qui hoc preceptum fieri iussit, Hugonis filii eius…"[81]. It is assumed that Hugues predeceased his father.

b) HERIBERT [I] "Euigilans Canis/Eveille-chien" de Maine ([990/1000]-15 Feb [1032/35]). Hugues [III] and his son Héribert subscribed the charter dated to [1000/15] under which Guy, son of Lon, donated rights to the monks of la Couture[82]. He succeeded his father in [1014/15] as Comte de Maine.

- see below.

2. FULCO de Maine ([960/65]-after Dec 992). "Sigefredus Cinnomannicæ….episcopus" donated property to Tours-Saint-Julien, with the consent of "senioris nostri Hugonis…ac filiorum eiusdem…Hugonis et Fulchonis", by charter dated Feb 971[83]. A charter dated Dec 992 records a donation by Guillaume Comte de Poitou and his wife Emma of property to Saint-Maixent which was held by "Fulcho frater Hugonis comitis Cinnomanensis"[84].

3. HERIBERT "Baco" de Maine ([965/75]-after 1 Apr 1046). Hugues Comte de Maine donated land at Voivres to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel by charter dated 1014, subscribed by "Herberti fratris comitis"[85]. "Hugo Cinomannensis comes" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Victeur du Mans with the consent of "Hugonis filii Herbrannis" (not yet identified), by charter dated to [1000/15] which is subscribed by "Herbertus frater comitis"[86]. "Hugo Cenomannensis comes" donated property to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel by charter dated 1014, witnessed by "Roscelini vicecomitis, Hameli de Leido Castello, Haymonis de Medano, Herberti fratris comitis, Droci filii Milonis, Odilarii Drudi"[87]. He was regent for his great nephew Hugues [IV] Comte de Maine [1032/35]-1046. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis names "Herbertus comes, cognomento Baco, avunculus Herberti" when recording his disputes with "Avesgaudi episcopi"[88]. He was deposed and sent to a monastery.

4. daughters . The charter dated to [971/997] under which "Hugo comes Cenomannus cum filiis meis ac filiabus" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour du Mans[89] shows that Hugues [II] had more than one daughter, but no information has been found to indicate how many daughters there were or whether they married.

HERIBERT [I] "Euigilans Canis/Eveille-chien" de Maine, son of HUGUES [III] Comte de Maine & his wife --- ([990/1000]-15 Feb [1032/35]). Hugues [III] and his son Héribert subscribed the charter dated to [1000/15] under which Guy, son of Lon, donated rights to the monks of la Couture[90]. He succeeded his father in [1014/15] as Comte de Maine. The Gesta Ambaziensium names "comes pernimium iuvenis Herbertus cognomento Evigilans Canem" as ruler of "Cenomannicum consulatum" during the life of Lizois de Basauges (see ANJOU document)[91], which if correct suggests that Héribert must have been born during the later part of 10th century (which is consistent with the birth date range attributed to his son Hugues [IV], see below). The Actus pontificum Cenomannis names "Herberto, comite Cenomanensi" during the bishopric of "Avesgaudi" (from [997] to [1036])[92]. According to Orderic Vitalis, he earned his nickname from his constant need to "resist the harrying of his neighbours in Anjou"[93]. "Herbertus Evigilans canem cognomine" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour du Mans after defeating "Odone C ampaniensi…comite" by charter dated Jul 1016[94], which shows that Héribert must have reversed his father's policy of support for Eudes Comte de Blois (see above). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that Foulques "Nerra" Comte d'Anjou captured "Arbertum, Cenomannis comitem" at Saintes, "prima quadregismæ dominica post cœnam nocte" (7/8 Mar) according to a later passage, in 1029 according to the editor of the version consulted[95]. The Martyrologe de la Couture records the death "XV Kal Mar" of "Herbertus comes Cenom"[96].

m --- (-after 8 Mar [1029]). The name of Héribert's wife is not known. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that the wife of Foulques "Nerra" Comte d'Anjou attempted to capture "uxorem Arberti" on the same day her husband was captured but that she was able to escape[97].

Comte Héribert [I] & his wife had four children:

1. HUGUES [IV] de Maine ([1018/22]-26 Mar 1051). The Actus pontificum Cenomannis names "Hugonem…Herberti filium" when recording that "Herbertus Baccho" tried to disinherit him[98]. He succeeded his father in [1032/35] as Comte de Maine, minor until 1036. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "VII Kal Apr" of "Hugo comes, Herberti filius"[99]. m (after 14 Apr 1046) as her second husband, BERTHE de Blois, widow of ALAIN III Duke of Brittany, daughter of EUDES II Comte de Blois & his second wife Ermengarde d'Auvergne ([[11/13] Apr 1085). The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records that Bishop Gervais arranged the marriage of "Hugonem…Herberti filium" and "Bertam…Alani Britannorum comitis olim coniugem"[100]. Her parentage and both her marriages are recorded by Orderic Vitalis[101]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii which records the death in 1062 of "Herbertus Cenomannensium Comes et frater uterinus Conani ducis"[102]. The Flandria Generosa names "Berta comitissa" as daughter of "altera Ermengardis comitissa", when outlining the basis for the consanguinity between Baudouin VII Count of Flanders and his wife [Hawise] de Bretagne which provided the grounds for the couple's separation[103]. After the death of her second husband, Berthe was expelled from Le Mans by the inhabitants who invited Geoffroy "Martel" Comte d'Anjou to enter the town. "Comitis Tedbaldi sorori…Berte" donated property by charter dated 12 May 1069[104]. The Chronicon Britannico records the death in 1084 of "Bertha Comitissa mater Conani"[105]. The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1085 of "Bertha religiosa Comitissa", stating that she restored "Monasterium S. Melanii"[106]. The Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii records the death in 1085 of "Berthæ comitissæ"[107]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "II Id Apr" of "Berta comitissa"[108]. The Chronicon Kemperlegiensis records the death "Kal Jun" in 1085 of "Bertha Comitissa Britanniæ, mater Conani Ducis, soror Fulconis"[109], although no other record has been found which confirms that Berthe had a brother named Foulques. Comte Hugues IV & his wife had two children:

a) HERIBERT [II] de Maine (-9 Mar 1062). He succeeded his father in 1051 as Comte de Maine. The dating clause of a charter dated 15 Nov 1058, which records a donation by Gervaise Bishop of Le Mans to Saint-Vincent du Mans, names "…Herberto puerulo comite…"[110]. The Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii records the death in 1062 of "Herbertus Cenomannensium Comes et frater uterinus Conani ducis"[111].

b) MARGUERITE de Maine ([1047/51]-Fécamp 13 Dec [1063], bur Fécamp). She is named and her parentage given by Orderic Vitalis when recording that her betrothal was arranged by her brother (on the advice of his mother) to obtain Norman protection over Maine[112]. Betrothed (before [1063]) to ROBERT de Normandie, son of GUILLAUME II Duke of Normandy [later WILLIAM I King of England] & his wife Mathilde de Flandre (Normandy [1052/54]-Cardiff Castle 3/10/15 Feb 1135, bur Gloucester Cathedral).

2. GERSENDE de Maine ([1025/35]-). The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records that "Atho marchisius" left Maine in the hands of "Gaufridi de Meduana", also naming "uxor eiusdem marchisii Garcendis…filia Herberti Cenomannorum…comitis…Evigila Canem" and specifying that she had married firstly "Theobaldo duci Campanie" and that he had repudiated her[113]. The same source comments that "Gaufredi de Meduana" was "tutor et quasi maritus", implying that Gersende was his mistress. Her second marriage is also mentioned by Orderic Vitalis who incorrectly says that she was the daughter of Comte Hugues [IV][114], which would be difficult to sustain chronologically. m firstly (repudiated 1048) as his first wife, THIBAUT III Comte de Blois, son of EUDES II Comte de Blois & his second wife Ermengarde d'Auvergne ([1010]-29/30 Sep 1089, bur Epernay). m secondly ([1049/51]) as his second wife, ALBERTO AZZO [II] d'Este, son of ALBERTO AZZO [I] d'Este & his first wife Valdriada Candriada ([996]-Vangadizza monastery 1097). Comte de Maine [1069/70]. Mistress of: ([1070/71]) GEOFFROY de Mayenne, son of HAYMON & his wife --- (-[May/Dec] 1098). Gersende de Maine & her second husband had two children:

a) UGO d'Este (-1131). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who states that he was younger than his brother Falco[115]. He succeeded in 1070 as Comte de Maine. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed "nostri dilecti cancellarii Ugoni et Fulconi germanis Azonis marchionis filiis" in all their possessions "in comitatu Gauolli, Rodigum, Cederniano, Sarzano, Maretiniago…in comitatu [Pata]uiensi Este" by undated charter placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1077[116]. He and his brother made no attempt to claim their inheritance but in 1090 were contacted in Italy by the men of Maine who had rebelled against the Normans. Hugues arrived in Maine and was helped by Geoffrey de Mayenne to recover his maternal inheritance. According to Orderic Vitalis, when "the men of Maine discovered that their new count had neither riches nor judgment and courage to commend him, the hotheads began to regret their action"[117]. He betrayed Matilda Ctss of Tuscany (married to his half-brother's son) in early 1091, frustrating her plan to capture Emperor Heinrich IV during the latter's journey to Italy[118]. Orderic Vitalis records that Hugues sold the county of Maine to his cousin, Hélie de la Flèche in [1093] for 10,000 shilllings[119]. The dating clause of a charter dated to [1093], which records a dispute between "Herbertus [de Wirchia]" and the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, refers to the year in which "Longobardus…Helie comiti" sold "Cenomannicum comitatum"[120]. m (1078, repudiated) [ERIA] of Apulia, daughter of ROBERT "Guiscard/Weasel" Duke of Apulia & his second wife Sichelgaita di Salerno. Orderic Vitalis states that the wife of Ugo was daughter of Robert Guiscard (without naming her) and that he repudiated her "without cause" for which he was excommunicated by Pope Urban[121]. Her father's insistance that his principal vassals meet the cost of her wedding caused considerable resentment, triggering the revolt against Robert Guiscard in autumn 1078. Amatus records the marriage of Duke Robert's (unnamed) daughter, endowed "with a very fine dowry", and the (unnamed) son of Marquis Azzo[122]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.

b) other child: see ESTE.

3. PAULE de Maine ([1025/35]-). Her father is named by Orderic Vitalis, who also records her marriage to "Lancelin de Beaugency"[123]. However, in another passage the same source names "Helias, Johannis et Paulæ filius, Hugonis Cenomannorum consulis consobrinus"[124]. From a chronological point of view, it is more likely that Jean, son of Lancelin de Baugency, was the husband of Paule de Maine. m JEAN de la Flèche, son of LANCELIN de Baugency & his wife --- (-before [1097]), bur Angers, Saint-Aubin).

- see below, Part B.

4. BIOTE de Maine ([1025/35]-poisoned Falaise 1063). Guillaume de Poitiers names "la sœur de Hugues" as wife of "Gautier comte de Mantes"[125]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m GAUTHIER [III] Comte de Mantes, son of DREUX [Drogo] Comte de Mantes & his wife Godgifu [Goda] of England (before [29 Mar 1030/10 Apr 1031]-poisoned Falaise [2 Aug] 1063). He claimed the county of Maine, by right of his wife, after the death in Mar 1062 of her nephew Héribert [II] Comte de Maine[126]. Guillaume II Duke of Normandy defeated and imprisoned him end 1063. Orderic Vitalis reports that he and his wife died "poisoned - so the rumour goes - by the evil machinations of their enemies", after which Duke Guillaume took control over Maine[127].

B. COMTES de MAINE (BAUGENCY-la FLECHE)

JEAN de la Flèche, son of LANCELIN [I] de Baugency & his wife --- (-[1097], bur Angers, Saint-Aubin). Son of Lancelin according to Orderic Vitalis, who says that his mother was the daughter of the Comte de Maine[128], which appears to result from confusion with his wife. "Domna Agnes comitissa" [wife of Geoffroy II "Martel" Comte d´Anjou] bought "ecclesiam Sancti-Beati…juxta…castrum Vindocini" from "Lancelino dominico vasso de castro Balgentiaco" and "apud Castrum-Dunum alteram ecclesiam" from "filiis eiusdem Lancelino…Johanne et Lancelino" by charter dated to before 1040[129]. A charter dated 13 Feb 1087 records donations to Angers Saint-Aubin by "Johannes de Fissa", with the consent of "Helias filius eius"[130]. A charter dated to [1097] records that "Johannes de Fissa" became a monk after falling ill at Château-Gonthier and died soon after[131]. A charter dated to [1097] records confirmation of donations to Angers Saint-Aubin by "Elias…filius eius…et frater eius Gaufridus" after the burial of their father[132].

m PAULE de Maine, daughter of HERIBERT [I] "Eveille-chien" Comte de Maine & his wife --- ([1025/35]-). Her father is named by Orderic Vitalis, who also records her marriage to "Lancelin de Beaugency"[133]. However, in another passage the same source names "Helias, Johannis et Paulæ filius, Hugonis Cenomannorum consulis consobrinus"[134]. From a chronological point of view, it is more likely that Jean, son of Lancelin de Baugency, was the husband of Paule de Maine.

Jean de la Flèche & his wife had [more than five] children:

1. GAUZBERT de la Flèche (-after [1097]). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis [135]. In a later passage, Orderic Vitalis also relates "Huie sex fratres fuerunt, quorum duo priores: Goisbertus et Enoch, post militiam monachi facti sunt; reliqui vero quatuor: Joffredus et Lancelinus, Milo et Guillelmus, immaturata morte præventi sunt", referring from the context to the brothers of Helias[136]. A charter dated to after 1097 records that "Gausbertus filius Johannis de Fissa major natu" had objected to donations to Angers Saint-Aubin made by "pater eius" with the consent of "frater", and that after he died the donations were confirmed[137].

2. HELIE de la Flèche (-11 Jul 1110, bur Saint-Pierre de la Couture[138]). Orderic Vitalis names "Helias, Johannis et Paulæ filius, Hugonis Cenomannorum consulis consobrinus"[139]. A charter dated 13 Feb 1087 records donations to Angers Saint-Aubin by "Johannes de Fissa", with the consent of "Helias filius eius"[140]. Orderic Vitalis records that he bought the county of Maine from his cousin, Comte Hugues [V] [d'Este], in [1093] for 10,000 shilllings[141], and succeeded as Comte de Maine. A charter dated to [1097] records confirmation of donations to Angers Saint-Aubin by "Elias…filius eius…et frater eius Gaufridus" after the burial of their father[142]. He delayed his departure on the First Crusade in 1097 because William II King of England threatened to capture Maine in his absence, attacked Robert de Bellême in 1098, but was captured and handed to King William at Rouen[143]. The town of Le Mans was captured by Robert, son of Hugues de Montfort, and handed to Guillaume Comte d'Evreux and Gilbert de Laigle. Helias was released, and returned to la Flèche and the castles he owned de iure uxoris[144]. Helias recaptured the city in late 1100 after the death of King William II[145]. "Helias comes Cenomanensis" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Pierre de Couture, for the soul of "monachatu Enoch fratris mei", by undated charter dated to [1109][146]. The Annals of Waverley record that “Philippus de Brausa et Willelmus Malet et Willelmus Barnard et Helias comes Cenomanniæ” were deprived of their lands in 1110[147]. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "V Id Jul" of "Cenomannorum comes Helias"[148]. The Chronicæ Sancti Albini records the death "1110 V Id Jul" of "Helias comes"[149]. The Annales Sancti Albini Andegavensis record the death "V Id Jul" in 1110 of "Helias comes"[150]. m firstly MATHILDE de Château-du-Loir, daughter of GERVAIS de Château-du-Loir & his first wife Eremburgis --- (-[10/25] Mar 1099). Orderic Vitalis names "Mathildem filiam Gervasii…qui Rodeberti Brochardi filius fuit" as wife of Helias[151]. The same source records that her dowry consisted of the castles of Château-du-Loir, Mayet, Lucé-le-Grand and Outillé[152]. "Helias comes Cenomanensis" donated his chapel at the foot of la Tour de Château-du-Loir to Saint-Guingalois for the soul of "uxoris suæ Mathildis, ante paucos dies defunctæ" by charter dated 27 Mar 1099[153]. m secondly (after 1099) as her second husband, AGNES d’Aquitaine, divorced wife of ALFONSO VI King of Castile and Leon, daughter of GUILLAUME VIII Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME VI Comte de Poitou] & his second wife Mathilde --- ([1059]-[1077/93] or after 1099, bur Sahagún, León, royal monastery of Santos Facundo y Primitivo). Orderic Vitalis refers to this second marriage of "Agnetem filiam Guillelmi Pictavorum ducis relictam Hildefonsi senioris Galiciae regis"[154]. Reilly [155] says that Queen Constanza was buried next to Queen Inés, implying that the latter had predeceased her successor. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified, although if it is correct it does seem surprising that the repudiated queen should have remained in Castile until she died and that she was buried in the royal monastery. Comte Hélie & his first wife had one child:

a) EREMBURGE de Maine ([1096]-14 Jan 1126). Her parentage is given by Orderic Vitalis, who also records her marriage and specifies that it was arranged by her father[156]. The Gesta Consulum Andegavensium records that "Gosfridum Martellum" was betrothed to "Helias comes unicam filiam", who later married his younger half-brother[157]. A charter dated 25 Apr 1120 records that "comes Andergavensis Fulco Fulconis et comitissa uxor eius Aremburgis filia comitis Helie" were present at the consecration of the church of Le Mans[158]. She succeeded her father in 1110 as Ctss de Maine. The necrology of Angers Cathedral records the death "XVIII Kal Feb" of "Haremburgis Andegavorum nobilis comitissa"[159]. Betrothed to GEOFFROY IV Comte d'Anjou, son of FOULQUES IV "le Réchin" Comte d'Anjou & his second wife Ermengarde de Bourbon ([1073]-19 May 1106). m (betrothed before 14 Apr 1109, 11 Jul 1110) as his first wife, FOULQUES V Comte d'Anjou, son of FOULQUES IV "le Réchin" Comte d'Anjou & his fifth wife Bertrade de Montfort (1092-Acre 13 Nov 1144).

3. ENOCH de la Flèche . His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis135. In a later passage, Orderic Vitalis also relates "Huie sex fratres fuerunt, quorum duo priores: Goisbertus et Enoch, post militiam monachi facti sunt; reliqui vero quatuor: Joffredus et Lancelinus, Milo et Guillelmus, immaturata morte præventi sunt", referring from the context to the brothers of Helias [160]. Monk at la Couture. "Helias comes Cenomanensis" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Pierre de Couture, for the soul of "monachatu Enoch fratris mei", by undated charter dated to [1109][161].

4. GEOFFROY de la Flèche (-after [1097]). Orderic Vitalis relates "Huie sex fratres fuerunt, quorum duo priores: Goisbertus et Enoch, post militiam monachi facti sunt; reliqui vero quatuor: Joffredus et Lancelinus, Milo et Guillelmus, immaturata morte præventi sunt", referring from the context to the brothers of Helias160. A charter dated to [1097] records confirmation of donations to Angers Saint-Aubin by "Elias…filius eius…et frater eius Gaufridus" after the burial of their father[162].

5. LANCELIN de la Flèche . Orderic Vitalis relates "Huie sex fratres fuerunt, quorum duo priores: Goisbertus et Enoch, post militiam monachi facti sunt; reliqui vero quatuor: Joffredus et Lancelinus, Milo et Guillelmus, immaturata morte præventi sunt", referring from the context to the brothers of Helias160.

6. MILON de la Flèche . Orderic Vitalis relates "Huie sex fratres fuerunt, quorum duo priores: Goisbertus et Enoch, post militiam monachi facti sunt; reliqui vero quatuor: Joffredus et Lancelinus, Milo et Guillelmus, immaturata morte præventi sunt", referring from the context to the brothers of Helias160.

7. GUILLAUME de la Flèche . Orderic Vitalis relates "Huie sex fratres fuerunt, quorum duo priores: Goisbertus et Enoch, post militiam monachi facti sunt; reliqui vero quatuor: Joffredus et Lancelinus, Milo et Guillelmus, immaturata morte præventi sunt", referring from the context to the brothers of Helias160.

8. [daughter . It is assumed that "comitis" referred to in the charter quoted below was Hélie Comte de Maine (although this is not without doubt considering the vague dating of the document). If this is correct, the precise relationship between Rainard and Comte Hélie is not known but, if "nepos" is interpreted literally in the charter quoted below, he would have been the son of one of Hélie´s siblings. If this is correct, it is more likely that he was the son of an otherwise unrecorded sister of the count as no record has been found that Rainard or any of his descendants claimed the county of Maine after Comte Hélie´s death in 1110. m ---.] One child:

a) RAINARD . A charter dated to end-11th century records the accusations made by "Rainardus nepos comitis…cum uxore sua Adelide matre…Alberici pueri de Miletia" relating to a donation of property by "Winebaudus" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans[163]. m as her second husband, ADELAIDE, widow of --- [de Miletia], daughter of ---. A charter dated to end-11th century records the accusations made by "Rainardus nepos comitis…cum uxore sua Adelide matre…Alberici pueri de Miletia" relating to a donation of property by "Winebaudus" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans[164].

Chapter 2. SIRES de BRAITEL

The castle of Braitel was situated in the parish of Lombron {Sarthe}. The place is now known as Bresteau. The families of the sires de Braitel were studied in the later 19th century by Samuel Menjot d´Elbenne[165].

A. SIRES de BRAITEL

1. GUILLAUME . m ---. Guillaume & his wife had two children:

a) HUGUES (-1076). Sire de Braitel. "Hugo…castri Breietelli possessor in pago Cenomannensi" donated "ecclesiam…in Dunensi pago…Lazellam", now called "ex nomine patris mei…Capella Guillelmi", to Marmoutier, with the consent of "conjugis mee Erme…atque unice filie…Hervise, nepotum quoque meorum filiorum Rotberti de Monte Boone, Gauffredi…atque Guillelmi" and with the permission of "domine mee Mahildis filie Galterii de Aloia filiorumque ac filiarum eiusdem, quibus patres fuere Guillelmus cognomento Gugetus et Gauffredus de Medana…Willelmi, Hildeburgis et Richildis, item Hamelini, Galterii et Hersendis" by charter dated to [1050/60][166]. "Hugo de Braietello" donated "ecclesiam…in…Sanctæ Trinitatis in parochial Sancti Celerini", now called "ex nomine patris mei…Capella Guillelmi", to Marmoutier, with the consent of "uxore sua Erma", by charter dated to [1064/76], which also records the donation by "Gaufredus gener suus et Hervisa filia eiusdem Hugonis, uxor Gauffredi"[167]. m ERME, daughter of ---. "Hugo…castri Breietelli possessor in pago Cenomannensi" donated "ecclesiam…in Dunensi pago…Lazellam" to Marmoutier, with the consent of "conjugis mee Erme…atque unice filie…Hervise, nepotum quoque meorum filiorum Rotberti de Monte Boone, Gauffredi…atque Guillelmi" by charter dated to [1050/60][168]. "Hugo de Braietello" donated "ecclesiam…in…Sanctæ Trinitatis in parochial Sancti Celerini", now called "ex nomine patris mei…Capella Guillelmi", to Marmoutier, with the consent of "uxore sua Erma", by charter dated to [1064/76], which also records the donation by "Gaufredus gener suus et Hervisa filia eiusdem Hugonis, uxor Gauffredi"[169]. Hugues & his wife had one child:

i) HERVISE . "Hugo…castri Breietelli possessor in pago Cenomannensi" donated "ecclesiam…in Dunensi pago…Lazellam" to Marmoutier, with the consent of "conjugis mee Erme…atque unice filie…Hervise…" by charter dated to [1050/60][170]. "Hugo de Braietello" donated "ecclesiam…in…Sanctæ Trinitatis in parochial Sancti Celerini", now called "ex nomine patris mei…Capella Guillelmi", to Marmoutier, with the consent of "uxore sua Erma", by charter dated to [1064/76], which also records the donation by "Gaufredus gener suus et Hervisa filia eiusdem Hugonis, uxor Gauffredi"[171]. m GEOFFROY de Beaumont, son of --- (-before 1096).

b) daughter . m ROBERT de Mont Boon, son of ---. Robert & his wife had two children:

i) GEOFFROY . "Hugo…castri Breietelli possessor in pago Cenomannensi" donated "ecclesiam…in Dunensi pago…Lazellam" to Marmoutier, with the consent of "conjugis mee Erme…atque unice filie…Hervise, nepotum quoque meorum filiorum Rotberti de Monte Boone, Gauffredi…atque Guillelmi" by charter dated to [1050/60][172].

ii) GUILLAUME . "Hugo…castri Breietelli possessor in pago Cenomannensi" donated "ecclesiam…in Dunensi pago…Lazellam" to Marmoutier, with the consent of "conjugis mee Erme…atque unice filie…Hervise, nepotum quoque meorum filiorum Rotberti de Monte Boone, Gauffredi…atque Guillelmi" by charter dated to [1050/60][173].

2. HERVE de Braitel (-after [1065]). "Herveus de Braitel" donated a mill at "Mesharenchio" to Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated to [1065][174].

B. SIRES de BRAITEL (BEAUMONT)

GEOFFROY de Beaumont, son of RAOUL [IV] de Beaumont Vicomte de Maine & his wife Eremburgis ---). "Gaufridus filius Roscelini vicecomitis" sold "ecclesias de Sogona" to Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated to [1060][175]. "Huberti vicecomitis, Gaufridi avunculi sui…" witnessed a charter dated to [1067/69] which records a donation by "Willelmus cognomento Osoenus" to Saint-Vincent du Mans[176]. "Hubertus vicecomes" donated "capellam…Sancti Floscelli martiris…in urbe Cenomannica" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for the souls of "uxoris Ermengardis et filiorum suorum Radulfi, Huberti atque Guillelmi", by charter dated to [1080/95], witnessed by "uxor eius Armengardis et filii eorum Radulfus, Hubertus atque Willelmus, Goffridus suus patruus…"[177].

m HERVISE de Braitel, daughter of HUGUES Sire de Braitel & his wife Erme ---. "Hugo…castri Breietelli possessor in pago Cenomannensi" donated "ecclesiam…in Dunensi pago…Lazellam" to Marmoutier, with the consent of "conjugis mee Erme…atque unice filie…Hervise…" by charter dated to [1050/60][178]. "Hugo de Braietello" donated "ecclesiam…in…Sanctæ Trinitatis in parochial Sancti Celerini", now called "ex nomine patris mei…Capella Guillelmi", to Marmoutier, with the consent of "uxore sua Erma", by charter dated to [1064/76], which also records the donation by "Gaufredus gener suus et Hervisa filia eiusdem Hugonis, uxor Gauffredi"[179].

Geoffroy & his wife had three children:

1. GUILLAUME de Braitel (-1116 or after). "Willelmus Braitellensis filius Gaufridi vicecomitis" donated "ecclesiam de villa…Domnolium" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratres mei Hugo atque Gaufridus" and "Radulfus Rothroci filius et Godehilda uxor eius et Giroius eius filius, atque Gaufridus et Willelmus atque Helvisa et Margarita filii et filie eorum", by charter dated 1096[180]. "…Willelmus de Braitello, Hugo, Gaufridus, fratres eius et Odo bastardus…" witnessed the charter dated 22 Jun 1096 which records the donation by "Wido…de Sarciaco cum fratribus suis Nicholao atque Pagano" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, on joining the crusade[181]. He joined the crusade in 1096[182]. "Willelmus filius Gaufridi vicecomitis" donated "ecclesia Sancti Martini de Lunbrun" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, after recovering "honorem suum de Bruitello", by undated charter dated to [1080/1102], witnessed by "Odone fratre eius bastardo"[183].

2. HUGUES de Braitel (-1112 or after). "Willelmus Braitellensis filius Gaufridi vicecomitis" donated "ecclesiam de villa…Domnolium" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratres mei Hugo atque Gaufridus", by charter dated 1096[184]. "…Willelmus de Braitello, Hugo, Gaufridus, fratres eius et Odo bastardus…" witnessed the charter dated 22 Jun 1096 which records the donation by "Wido…de Sarciaco cum fratribus suis Nicholao atque Pagano" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, on joining the crusade[185]. 1075/1112. "…Hugo de Braitel…" witnessed the charter dated 21 Oct 1110 which records that Hélie Comte du Maine renounced rights to revenue from the fair of St Thomas[186].

3. GEOFFROY de Braitel (-after 22 Jun 1096). "Willelmus Braitellensis filius Gaufridi vicecomitis" donated "ecclesiam de villa…Domnolium" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratres mei Hugo atque Gaufridus", by charter dated 1096[187]. "…Willelmus de Braitello, Hugo, Gaufridus, fratres eius et Odo bastardus…" witnessed the charter dated 22 Jun 1096 which records the donation by "Wido…de Sarciaco cum fratribus suis Nicholao atque Pagano" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, on joining the crusade[188]. 1078/1096.

Geoffroy had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

4. EUDES de Braitel . "Willelmus filius Gaufridi vicecomitis" donated "ecclesia Sancti Martini de Lunbrun" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, after recovering "honorem suum de Bruitello", by undated charter dated to [1080/1102], witnessed by "Odone fratre eius bastardo"[189]. "…Willelmus de Braitello, Hugo, Gaufridus, fratres eius et Odo bastardus…" witnessed the charter dated 22 Jun 1096 which records the donation by "Wido…de Sarciaco cum fratribus suis Nicholao atque Pagano" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, on joining the crusade[190].

Chapter 3. SEIGNEURS de CHAOURCES

1. BOUCHARD [I] de Chaources . "Burchardus de Cadurciis" donated "ecclesia Atteniaci" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "uxor eiusdem…Richeldis" and in the presence of "parvulo filio eius Hamelino", by charter dated to [1068/78][191]. m RICHELDIS, daughter of ---. "Burchardus de Cadurciis" donated "ecclesia Atteniaci" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "uxor eiusdem…Richeldis" and in the presence of "parvulo filio eius Hamelino", by charter dated to [1068/78][192]. Bouchard & his wife had one child:

a) HAMELIN . "Burchardus de Cadurciis" donated "ecclesia Atteniaci" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "uxor eiusdem…Richeldis" and in the presence of "parvulo filio eius Hamelino", by charter dated to [1068/78][193].

[Three] brothers [and sister]:

2. GONTHIER de Chaources . "Gunherius de Cadurciis" donated "ecclesia Atteniaci" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, noting that "Bucchardus de Cadurciis" had donated one third interest in the church with the consent of "Hugone Cadurcino", by charter dated to [1067/78][194].

3. HUGUES de Requeil . "Miles Hugo de Rescolio" donated part of "ecclesia Atteniaci" to Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated to [1067/78], which names "fratri eius…Gunherio"[195].

4. [--- .] m ---. One child:

a) daughter . A charter dated to [1078] records a claim on "ecclesia Atteniaci" by "Johannes de Luciaco", adding that he had married "Hugonem de Resqul…neptem" and that the abbot of Saint-Vincent du Mans reached agreement with "Bucchardi" with the consent of "uxore sua Alsendi et filio eius Hugone"[196]. m JEAN de Lucie, son of ---.

5. BOUCHARD [II] de Chaources . A charter dated to [1078] records a claim on "ecclesia Atteniaci" by "Johannes de Luciaco", adding that he had married "Hugonem de Resqul…neptem" and that the abbot of Saint-Vincent du Mans reached agreement with "Bucchardi" with the consent of "uxore sua Alsendi et filio eius Hugone"[197]. m ALSENDIS, daughter of ---. A charter dated to [1078] records a claim on "ecclesia Atteniaci" by "Johannes de Luciaco", adding that he had married "Hugonem de Resqul…neptem" and that the abbot of Saint-Vincent du Mans reached agreement with "Bucchardi" with the consent of "uxore sua Alsendi et filio eius Hugone"[198]. Bouchard [II] & his wife had one child:

a) HUGUES . A charter dated to [1078] records a claim on "ecclesia Atteniaci" by "Johannes de Luciaco", adding that he had married "Hugonem de Resqul…neptem" and that the abbot of Saint-Vincent du Mans reached agreement with "Bucchardi" with the consent of "uxore sua Alsendi et filio eius Hugone"[199].

6. HUGUES de Chaources . A charter dated to [1080/1120] records a donation by "Hugo de Cadurciis" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, naming "quodam suo milite Patricio"[200]. "Hugo de Cadurciis" consented to the donation of "ecclesiam Sancti Martini de Bellofaio" to Saint-Vincent du Mans by "Teobaudus et Radulfus de Torciaco", by charter dated to end-11th century[201].

7. PATRICK de Chaources . "Patricius de Cadurcis" donated property to the abbey of La Couture by charter dated to [1085/97], in the presence of "…Hugone de Lavalle…"[202]. m ---. The name of Patrick´s wife is not known. Patrick & his wife had one child:

- UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY.

8. GEOFFROY de Chaources (-after 1139). "…Goffridus de Chaorciis…" witnessed the charter dated 1139 under which "Goffridus Grisagonella comes Vindocini et Johannes filius eius" donated part of the forest of Gâtineau to the abbey of La Trinité de Vendôme[203].

Chapter 4. SEIGNEURS de CHÂTEAU-du-LOIR

1. ---. m RORANS, daughter of ---. Gervais Archbishop of Reims wrote concerning the relics of Saint Mélaine to Even Abbé de Saint-Mélaine, dated [1055/67], naming "Rorans avia mea" and recording that she was granted the domaine of Argentré "in Cenomanensi pago" by way of dower, specifying that it was transmitted to "nepoti suo, quem de filio suscepit, Haimoni patri meo"[204]. One child:

a) son . The name of Rorans's son is not known. m ---. One child:

i) HAMON [Hamelin] de Château-du-Loir (-15 Jan [1030]). Gervais Archbishop of Reims wrote concerning the relics of Saint Mélaine to Even Abbé de Saint-Mélaine, dated [1055/67], naming "Rorans avia mea" and recording that she was granted the domaine of Argentré "in Cenomanensi pago" by way of dower, specifying that it was transmitted to "nepoti suo, quem de filio suscepit, Haimoni patri meo"[205].

- see below.

HAMON [Hamelin] de Château-du-Loir, son of --- (-15 Jan [1030]). Gervais Archbishop of Reims wrote concerning the relics of Saint Mélaine to Even Abbé de Saint-Mélaine, dated [1055/67], naming "Rorans avia mea" and recording that she was granted the domaine of Argentré "in Cenomanensi pago" by way of dower, specifying that it was transmitted to "nepoti suo, quem de filio suscepit, Haimoni patri meo"[206]. "Hugo Cenomannensis comes" donated property to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel by charter dated 1014, witnessed by "Roscelini vicecomitis, Hameli de Leido Castello, Haymonis de Medano, Herberti fratris comitis, Droci filii Milonis, Odilarii Drudi"[207]. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "XVIII Kal Feb" of "Haimo de Castro Lit"[208].

m (1006 or before) HILDEBURGE de Bellême, daughter of YVES de Creil Seigneur de Bellême & his wife --- (-27 Oct ----). Avesgaud Bishop of Le Mans gave the church of Parigné-l'Evèque and Loué to "unam Hildeburgi sorori suæ primogenitæ et alteram Godehilde germanæ suæ secundæ" by charter dated [1000][209]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop Gervais names "avunculi mei Avesgaudi…genitoris cum genetrice mea Haimonis et Hildeburga" in his testament dated [1040/47], which also specifies that "avunculi mei domini Avesgaudi episcopi" died "apud Verdunis VI Kal Nov" on returning from Jerusalem, that "sororis eius, matris mee Hyldeburge" died the same day that "patris mei Haimonis" died "XVIII Kal Feb", and that he was ordained "XIV Kal Jan"[210].

Hamon & his wife had five children:

1. GERVAIS de Château-du-Loir (Château-du-Loir 2 Feb 1007-Reims 4 Jul 1067). The Cartulaire of Château-du-Loir records the birth "Non Feb 1007" of "Gervasius apud Castrum Lidi"[211]. Brother of Robert according to Orderic Vitalis232. He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Château-du-Loir. Bishop of Le Mans 19 Dec 1036. Archbishop of Reims 15 Oct 1055. The death of Archbishop Gervasius "III Kal Jul" is recorded in the cartulary of Château-du-Loir[212]. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "IV Non Jul" of "Cenomannensium ecclesie antistes Gervasius, necnon etiam Remensium ecclesie post archiepiscopus"[213].

2. ROBERT "Brochard" de Château-du-Loir (-30 Jun [1065/67]). "Suavis miles" gave land to "senioris mei Gervasii" for the foundation of the priory of Saint-Jean-de-la-Motte by charter dated [1028/36], subscribed by "Gervasio fratribusque ipsius: Avisgaudo, Guillelmo, Roberto"[214].

- see below.

3. AVESGAUD de Château-du-Loir . "Suavis miles" gave land to "senioris mei Gervasii" for the foundation of the priory of Saint-Jean-de-la-Motte by charter dated [1028/36], subscribed by "Gervasio fratribusque ipsius: Avisgaudo, Guillelmo, Roberto"[215].

4. GUILLAUME de Château-du-Loir . "Suavis miles" gave land to "senioris mei Gervasii" for the foundation of the priory of Saint-Jean-de-la-Motte by charter dated [1028/36], subscribed by "Gervasio fratribusque ipsius: Avisgaudo, Guillelmo, Roberto"[216]. Gervais Bishop of Le Mans donated the course of the stream of Villedieu to the abbey of La Trinité de Vendôme by charter dated 25 Jun 1039, signed by "Gervasii presulis" and subscribed by "Guillelmi fratris eius, Raherii de Boloria"[217]. m ---. The name of Guillaume's wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [HUGUES de Château-du-Loir . "Herbertus…cum Gervasii episcopi, Hugo nomine" donated the church of Saint-Pierre des Ormes to the abbey of Saint-Aubin d'Angers by charter dated [1056/60][218]. None of the recorded charters in which the sons of Robert, brother of Archbishop Gervais, are named record a son named Hugues. In addition, no record has been found that the archbishop's sister Rotrude had a son named Hugues. The archbishop's brother Guillaume appears to have survived later than the brother Avesgaud. It is therefore probable that Hugues was the son of Guillaume, although there is no proof that this is the case. The cartulary of Château-du-Loir refers to, but does not reproduce, an agreement between "Hugues le Long Seigneur de Château-du-Loir neveu de Gervais et son héritier" and the abbey of La Trinité de Vendôme under which Hugues settled his dispute with the abbey concerning the ponds of Villedieu[219]. Although the original has not been checked, there must be some doubt about the accuracy of the document as there is no other record of "Hugues" being the successor of Gervais. "Fulco de Matefelon" recognised rights of the monks of Saint-Serge d'Angers by charter dated [1090], witnessed by "Hugo de Castello Lidi"[220]. m (1072 or before) ALEXANDRIE de Bouloire, daughter of [RATHER de Bouloire & his wife ---]. The document naming "Hugues le Long Seigneur de Château-du-Loir neveu de Gervais et son héritier" specifies that he acted with his wife "Alexandrie fille d'un seigneur de Bouloire"[221].

5. ROTRUDE de Château-du-Loir (-after [1050]). The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri…Vallis…in pago Cenomannensi conditorem ac possessorem", with the consent of "suorumque filiorum…Haimonis…Gervasii atque Guidonis, simulque Agnetis", by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis uxor predicti Widonis, Gualterius filius eius…"[222]. Her parentage is confirmed by a charter dated to [1100] under which the monks of Angers Saint-Aubin recall the history of "ecclesiam de Comburniaco", seized by "Fulcho comes" [Foulques III "Nerra" Comte d´Anjou] and given to "Hamelino de Castro Ledi", who granted it to "Widdoni de Valle cum filia sua in maritagio"[223]. If this report is correct, Rotrude must have married before [1030], the estimated date of death of her father. The monks of Marmoutier record the division of Laval fair and market profits with "Guido de Valle", with the consent of "filii eius Hamon, Hildelinda, Agnes, Hildeburgis et Guido et Gervasius" by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis supradicti Guidonis uxor, Gualterius filius eius…"[224]. These charters confirm Rotrude´s first marriage, from which "Gualterius filius eius" was presumably born. m firstly ---. The name of Rotrude´s first husband is not known. m secondly ([before 1030]) as his second wife, GUY [I] Sire de Laval, son of --- (-after 1064). Rotrude & her first husband had one child:

a) GAUTHIER . The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri…Vallis…in pago Cenomannensi conditorem ac possessorem", with the consent of "suorumque filiorum…Haimonis…Gervasii atque Guidonis, simulque Agnetis", by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis uxor predicti Widonis, Gualterius filius eius…"[225].

ROBERT "Brochard", son of HAMON Seigneur d'Argentré & his wife Hildeburge de Bellême (-30 Jun, before [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068]). He was granted the honour of Château-du-Loir by Geoffroy "le Barbu"[226]. The canons of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour relinquished vines to Abelin by charter dated [1051/62] naming "Herberto, Cinomannorum comite, cum fidelibus suis, Rotberto filio Hamelini"[227]. The absence of Robert from the list of those consenting to the donation of his son Gervais dated [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068] (see below) implies that he had predeceased the donation. On the other hand, his son Gervais is named "Gervasium filium Roberti" in a charter dated 8 Mar 1071[228], which suggests that his father might then still have been alive. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "II Kal Jul" of "Robertus filius Haimonis de Castrolidi"[229].

m ELISABETH, daughter of --- (-[1095]). "Gervasius homo milicie seculari" donated the church of Saint-Guingalois "in pago Cenomannensi in Castello Ledi" to Marmoutier by charter dated [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068], naming "pater meus Rotbertus et mater meus Elisabeth et uxor mea Aremburgis necnon et avus meus Amelinus et avia mea Hildeburgis et Gervasius Remorum archiepiscopus" with the consent of "matris mee omniumque fratrum meorum" and listing the monetary contributions of "matreque meu et fratres mei…mater mea Elisabet…Adam…Rotbertus…Gervasius clericus…"[230].

Robert & his wife had four children:

1. GERVAIS [II] de Château-du-Loir ([1035/45][231]-[1095]). Son of "Rodberti cognomento Brochardi" according to Orderic Vitalis [232]. "Gervais de Chasteau-du-Loir" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour du Mans for the health of his father Robert, Aymar his grandfather and archbishop Gervais his uncle by charter dated to [1055/65][233]. "Gervasius homo milicie seculari" donated the church of Saint-Guingalois "in pago Cenomannensi in Castello Ledi" to Marmoutier by charter dated [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068], naming "pater meus Rotbertus et mater meus Elisabeth et uxor mea Aremburgis necnon et avus meus Amelinus et avia mea Hildeburgis et Gervasius Remorum archiepiscopus" with the consent of "matris mee omniumque fratrum meorum" and listing the monetary contributions of "matreque meu et fratres mei…mater mea Elisabet…Adam…Rotbertus…Gervasius clericus…"[234]. He succeeded his uncle as Seigneur de Château-du-Loir. m firstly (before [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068]) EREMBURGE, daughter of --- & his wife Mathilde (-4 Jun [1085/95]). "Gervasius homo milicie seculari" donated the church of Saint-Guingalois "in pago Cenomannensi in Castello Ledi" to Marmoutier by charter dated [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068], naming "pater meus Rotbertus et mater meus Elisabeth et uxor mea Aremburgis necnon et avus meus Amelinus et avia mea Hildeburgis et Gervasius Remorum archiepiscopus" with the consent of "matris mee omniumque fratrum meorum" and listing the monetary contributions of "matreque meu et fratres mei…mater mea Elisabet…Adam…Rotbertus…Gervasius clericus…"[235]. "Gervasius de Castello Lit et Eremburgis uxor ipsius" made a donation to Saint-Vincent by charter dated 2 Jun [1085/95] which declares that "Mathildis mater ipsius Eremburgis" was present and specifies that Eremburgis was on her death bed[236]. m secondly GARSENDE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Gervais [II] & his first wife had one child:

a) MATHILDE de Château-du-Loir (-[10/25] Mar 1099). Orderic Vitalis names "Mathildem filiam Gervasii…qui Rodeberti Brochardi filius fuit" as wife of Helias[237]. The same source records that her dowry consisted of the castles of Château-du-Loir, Mayet, Lucé-le-Grand and Outillé[238]. "Helias comes Cenomanensis" donated his chapel at the foot of la Tour de Château-du-Loir to Saint-Guingalois for the soul of "uxoris suæ Mathildis, ante paucos dies defunctæ" by charter dated 27 Mar 1099[239]. m ([1090]) as his first wife, HELIE de la Flèche, son of JEAN de la Flèche & his wife Paula de Maine (-11 Jul 1110). He succeeded in 1093 as Comte de Maine.

2. ADAM de Château-du-Loir (-after [1090/96]). The monks of Saint-Aubin relate the claim by "Adam filius Rotberti de Castro Ledi, nepos Gervasii archiepiscopi" against the church of Bousse by charter dated [1060/67] also naming "Rotbertus frater Adam"[240]. "Gervasii de Castello Lid et Adam fratris eius" witnessed a charter dated [1090/96] between Guillaume de Braitel and the monks of Saint-Vincent[241]. "De baronibus Andegavensibus: Rainaldus de Castro Gunterii, Gosfridus Rorgonis, Paganus de Mirebello, Adam de Castello Ledi, Robertus Vestrollus, Fulco de Matefelon" are named as present in the charter dated 1095 which records a judgment by Foulques IV "Rechin" Comte d´Anjou which confirms the abbey of Saint-Aubin d´Angers in its possession "du domaine de Pitrate, près Angers"[242]. m ---. The name of Adam's wife is not known. Adam & his wife had one child:

a) HAMELIN de Château-du-Loir (-27 Nov ----). "Adam de Castro Leli" donated part of the church of Parné to the church of Saint-Nicholas d'Angers with the consent of "filius eius Hamelinus" by charter dated [1080/94][243]. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "V Kal Dec" of "Hamelinus nepos Gervasii de Castrolidi"[244]. same person as…? HAMELIN . Although there is no proof that this is the correct affiliation, his naming his son Adam suggests co-identity with Hamelin de Château-du-Loir, especially as other members of this family are commemorated in the same source. m GERSENDE, daughter of --- Comte de --- & his wife ---. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "Kal Mai" of "Adam filius Hamelini et Gersendis comitissa"[245]. This suggests that Gersende may have been born in a comital family, or was the widow of a count, although the family in question has not yet been identified. Comtesse.

i) ADAM de Château-du-Loir (-1 May ----). The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "Kal Mai" of "Adam filius Hamelini et Gersendis comitissa"[246].

3. GERVAIS de Château-du-Loir (-after 1090). "Gervasius homo milicie seculari" donated the church of Saint-Guingalois "in pago Cenomannensi in Castello Ledi" to Marmoutier by charter dated [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068], naming "pater meus Rotbertus et mater meus Elisabeth et uxor mea Aremburgis necnon et avus meus Amelinus et avia mea Hildeburgis et Gervasius Remorum archiepiscopus" with the consent of "matris mee omniumque fratrum meorum" and listing the monetary contributions of "matreque meu et fratres mei…mater mea Elisabet…Adam…Rotbertus…Gervasius clericus…"[247]. Canon at Saint-Martin d'Angers [1085]. "Quemdam nobilem juvenem, Gervasium nomine, nepotem illius…Gervasii ejusdem ecclesie quondam episcopi" was installed as deacon of the church of Le Mans dated [1083/90][248]. The reference to "juvenem" suggests a birth date much later than the [1035/45] estimated birth date of the elder Gervais son of Robert. "Guiscelin" abandoned his claim to Chémon by charter dated [1085] which names "Gervasius de Castro Ledi et Gervasius frater eius, canonicus Sancti Martini, Adam frater eorum, Helisabeth mater eorum"[249].

4. ROBERT de Château-du-Loir (-after [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068]). The monks of Saint-Aubin relate the claim by "Adam filius Rotberti de Castro Ledi, nepos Gervasii archiepiscopi" against the church of Bousse by charter dated [1060/67] also naming "Rotbertus frater Adam"[250]. "Gervasius homo milicie seculari" donated the church of Saint-Guingalois "in pago Cenomannensi in Castello Ledi" to Marmoutier by charter dated [Sep 1067/23 Sep 1068], naming "pater meus Rotbertus et mater meus Elisabeth et uxor mea Aremburgis necnon et avus meus Amelinus et avia mea Hildeburgis et Gervasius Remorum archiepiscopus" with the consent of "matris mee omniumque fratrum meorum" and listing the monetary contributions of "matreque meu et fratres mei…mater mea Elisabet…Adam…Rotbertus…Gervasius clericus…"[251].

Chapter 5. SEIGNEURS de CONNERRE

The edition of the cartulary of Saint-Vincent du Mans which has been consulted states that the castle of Connerré was located in the place now named l´Ile de la Motte, adjaced to the river Conanson, and in another passage that it was the fief of Rotrou de Montfort, son of Rotrou de Châteaudun Comte de Mortagne et de Perche (see NORMAN NOBILITY)[252].

1. FULCO . m ---. The name of Fulco´s wife is not known. Fulco & his wife had one child:

a) AVESGAUD de Connerré (-after 1 May 1103). "Avesgaudus filius Fulcaudi" donated "ecclesia Sancti Simphoriani et Sancte Marie de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated 1 May 1103, which names "uxor mea Brita…et Robertus de Sancto Celerino gener meus…filia…mea Felicia ipsius Roberti uxor"[253]. m BRITA, daughter of --- (-after [1110]). "Avesgaudus filius Fulcaudi" donated "ecclesia Sancti Simphoriani et Sancte Marie de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated 1 May 1103, which names "uxor mea Brita…et Robertus de Sancto Celerino gener meus…filia…mea Felicia ipsius Roberti uxor"[254]. A charter dated to [1110] confirms the donation by "Robertus, Giroi filius" of revenue at "Conedrarium", donated by "Avesgaudus socer eius" when he became a monk, to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "Britta uxor…dicti Avesgaudi et Felicia filia eorum, exor prefati Roberti"[255]. A charter dated to [1110] records the donation by "Avesgaudum de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "domnum Rotrochum cum uxore sua…Lucia et quatuor filiis suis", signed by "Rotroco, Lucia uxore eius, Hugone filio eius majore, Rotrocho secundo, Fulcoio tertio, Gilduino quarto, Hugone de Montibus…"[256]. Avesgaud & his wife had one child:

i) FELICIE de Connerré (-after [1110]). "Avesgaudus filius Fulcaudi" donated "ecclesia Sancti Simphoriani et Sancte Marie de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated 1 May 1103, which names "uxor mea Brita…et Robertus de Sancto Celerino gener meus…filia…mea Felicia ipsius Roberti uxor"[257]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroianus" married "Feliciam…Guarnerii de Coneraia filiam" as his second wife and had three sons "Guillelmum…et Rodbertum ac Matthæum" and three daughters "Agatham, Damatam et Avelinam"[258]. A charter dated to [1110] confirms the donation by "Robertus, Giroi filius" of revenue at "Conedrarium", donated by "Avesgaudus socer eius" when he became a monk, to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "Britta uxor…dicti Avesgaudi et Felicia filia eorum, exor prefati Roberti"[259]. m (after 1092) as his second wife, ROBERT, son of ROBERT [Giroie] & his wife Adelaide --- (-after Jun 1119).

Chapter 6. SEIGNEURS de la GUERCHE

1. JEAN de la Guerche (-before [1080]). A charter dated to [1050] records that "Johanne de Guirchia" had bought "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo", witnessed by "…Hamelini de Guerchia…"[260]. "Johannes de Guirchia…cum uxore sua Emma" donated "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratribus suis et filiis omnibus filiabusque", for the souls of "…uxoris sue Guiburgis defunctæ…", by charter dated to [1067/80], signed by "Johannes de Guirchia, Gunherius frater eius, Savaricus filius vicecomitis Radulfi…Herbertus filius Johannis de Guerchia et fratres eius, Hugo, Wido, Rogerius natus de Normanna, Agnes uxor Salomonis de Fracta Valle, Fremburgis et Guiburgis sorores eorum…"[261]. m firstly GUIBURGIS, daughter of ---. "Johannes de Guirchia…cum uxore sua Emma" donated "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratribus suis et filiis omnibus filiabusque", for the souls of "…uxoris sue Guiburgis defunctæ…", by charter dated to [1067/80][262]. m secondly EMMA, daughter of ---. "Johannes de Guirchia…cum uxore sua Emma" donated "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratribus suis et filiis omnibus filiabusque", for the souls of "…uxoris sue Guiburgis defunctæ…", by charter dated to [1067/80][263]. Mistress (1): --- "Normanna", daughter of ---. She is referred to in the source quoted below as the mother of Jean´s son Roger. It is assumed that "Normanna" is a reference to her origin not her name. Jean & his [first] wife had children:

a) HERBERT de la Guerche . "Johannes de Guirchia…cum uxore sua Emma" donated "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratribus suis et filiis omnibus filiabusque", for the souls of "…uxoris sue Guiburgis defunctæ…", by charter dated to [1067/80], signed by "…Herbertus filius Johannis de Guerchia et fratres eius, Hugo, Wido, Rogerius natus de Normanna, Agnes uxor Salomonis de Fracta Valle, Fremburgis et Guiburgis sorores eorum…"[264]. "Herbertus de Wirchia" confirmed the donation of "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, for the soul of "patris sui", and made a further donation of money and of "ecclesiam de Maceriis" previously donated by "Robertus de Sordonico" for the soul of "Herberti Extensi", by charter dated to [1080][265]. "Gunherius de Suliniaco" donated "ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Villana" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for "fratre meo Johanne de Wirchia et filiis eius Herberto atque Widone", by charter dated to [1080/93], witnessed by "…Domela uxor Gunherii…Wiscelini de Vallibus"[266]. A charter dated to [1093] records a dispute between "Herbertus [de Wirchia]" and the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, relating to a donation by "predictus Herbertus" for the soul of "Guherio avunculo suo", the dating clause referring to the year in which "Longobardus…Helie comiti" sold "Cenomannicum comitatum"[267].

b) HUGUES (-[before 1080]). "Johannes de Guirchia…cum uxore sua Emma" donated "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratribus suis et filiis omnibus filiabusque", for the souls of "…uxoris sue Guiburgis defunctæ…", by charter dated to [1067/80], signed by "…Herbertus filius Johannis de Guerchia et fratres eius, Hugo, Wido, Rogerius natus de Normanna, Agnes uxor Salomonis de Fracta Valle, Fremburgis et Guiburgis sorores eorum…"[268]. The absence of Hugues from the charter of his uncle Gonthier, dated to [1080/93], suggests that he had predeceased his father.

c) GUY . "Johannes de Guirchia…cum uxore sua Emma" donated "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratribus suis et filiis omnibus filiabusque", for the souls of "…uxoris sue Guiburgis defunctæ…", by charter dated to [1067/80], signed by "…Herbertus filius Johannis de Guerchia et fratres eius, Hugo, Wido, Rogerius natus de Normanna, Agnes uxor Salomonis de Fracta Valle, Fremburgis et Guiburgis sorores eorum…"[269]. "Gunherius de Suliniaco" donated "ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Villana" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for "fratre meo Johanne de Wirchia et filiis eius Herberto atque Widone", by charter dated to [1080/93], witnessed by "…Domela uxor Gunherii…Wiscelini de Vallibus"[270].

d) AGNES . "Johannes de Guirchia…cum uxore sua Emma" donated "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratribus suis et filiis omnibus filiabusque", for the souls of "…uxoris sue Guiburgis defunctæ…", by charter dated to [1067/80], signed by "…Herbertus filius Johannis de Guerchia et fratres eius, Hugo, Wido, Rogerius natus de Normanna, Agnes uxor Salomonis de Fracta Valle, Fremburgis et Guiburgis sorores eorum…"[271]. m SALOMON de Fréteval, son of ---.

e) FREMBURGIS . "Johannes de Guirchia…cum uxore sua Emma" donated "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratribus suis et filiis omnibus filiabusque", for the souls of "…uxoris sue Guiburgis defunctæ…", by charter dated to [1067/80], signed by "…Herbertus filius Johannis de Guerchia et fratres eius, Hugo, Wido, Rogerius natus de Normanna, Agnes uxor Salomonis de Fracta Valle, Fremburgis et Guiburgis sorores eorum…"[272].

f) GUIBURGIS . "Johannes de Guirchia…cum uxore sua Emma" donated "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratribus suis et filiis omnibus filiabusque", for the souls of "…uxoris sue Guiburgis defunctæ…", by charter dated to [1067/80], signed by "…Herbertus filius Johannis de Guerchia et fratres eius, Hugo, Wido, Rogerius natus de Normanna, Agnes uxor Salomonis de Fracta Valle, Fremburgis et Guiburgis sorores eorum…"[273].

Jean had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

g) ROGER . "Johannes de Guirchia…cum uxore sua Emma" donated "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratribus suis et filiis omnibus filiabusque", for the souls of "…uxoris sue Guiburgis defunctæ…", by charter dated to [1067/80], signed by "…Herbertus filius Johannis de Guerchia et fratres eius, Hugo, Wido, Rogerius natus de Normanna, Agnes uxor Salomonis de Fracta Valle, Fremburgis et Guiburgis sorores eorum…"[274].

2. GONTHIER (-before [1090]). "Johannes de Guirchia…cum uxore sua Emma" donated "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "fratribus suis et filiis omnibus filiabusque", for the souls of "…uxoris sue Guiburgis defunctæ…", by charter dated to [1067/80], signed by "Johannes de Guirchia, Gunherius frater eius…"[275]. Seigneur de Souligné-sous-Ballon: "Gunherius de Suliniaco" donated "ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Villana" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for "fratre meo Johanne de Wirchia et filiis eius Herberto atque Widone", by charter dated to [1080/93], witnessed by "…Domela uxor Gunherii…Wiscelini de Vallibus"[276]. A charter dated to [1093] records a dispute between "Herbertus [de Wirchia]" and the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, relating to a donation by "predictus Herbertus" for the soul of "Guherio avunculo suo"[277]. m DOMELA, daughter of ---. "Gunherius de Suliniaco" donated "ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Villana" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for "fratre meo Johanne de Wirchia et filiis eius Herberto atque Widone", by charter dated to [1080/93], witnessed by "…Domela uxor Gunherii…"[278].

3. LANDRY de Guerche . m ---, sister of ROBERT [Rufus], daughter of --- (-after [1078/83]). "Miles Ebrardus Rufus…et Hamelino fratre eius" donated revenue from "terra…Osinium" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "Robertus…frater…Ebrardi et soror sua, uxor Landrici de Wirchia, Hugo filius eius" by charter dated to [1078/83], witnessed by "…Aldrandus de Wirchia…"[279]. Landry & his wife had one child:

a) HUGUES . "Miles Ebrardus Rufus…et Hamelino fratre eius" donated revenue from "terra…Osinium" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "Robertus…frater…Ebrardi et soror sua, uxor Landrici de Wirchia, Hugo filius eius" by charter dated to [1078/83][280].

4. ALERAN de Guerche . "Miles Ebrardus Rufus…et Hamelino fratre eius" donated revenue from "terra…Osinium" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "Robertus…frater…Ebrardi et soror sua, uxor Landrici de Wirchia, Hugo filius eius" by charter dated to [1078/83], witnessed by "…Aldrandus de Wirchia…"[281].

1. GUILLAUME de la Guerche (-after 1140). "Guarinus dominus Credonensium" donated property to La Roë, in the presence of "Guillelmus de Guierchia…Hamo frater eius", by undated charter[282].

2. HAMON de la Guerche (-after 1140). "Guarinus dominus Credonensium" donated property to La Roë, in the presence of "Guillelmus de Guierchia…Hamo frater eius", by undated charter[283].

3. HUGUES de la Guerche . m MARQUISE de Craon, daughter of HUGUES Sire de Craon & his second wife Marquise ---. Hugues & his wife had one child:

a) PIERRE de la Guerche . "Mauritius de Credone filius Hugonis" appointed "Petrum de Guierchia" as guardian of his lands and his children, if his wife and daughter died, in his undated testament when leaving for Jerusalem, and provided for "Petrus…de Garnachio" to inherit his property if his other heirs died[284].

4. GUILLAUME de la Guerche (-after 1191). "Guillelmo de Guierchia…" witnessed the charter dated 1191 under which "Mauritius de Credone Hugonis filius" confirmed donations to "ecclesiæ de Rota"[285].

1. GEOFFROY . Seigneur de la Guerche. m EMMA Dame de Château-Gonthier, daughter of ---. Geoffroy & his wife had one child:

a) JEANNE de la Guerche, daughter of (-after 19 Jan 1290). Dame de la Guerche, de Pouance, et de Château-Gonthier. m (26 Sep 1285) as his first wife, JEAN de Beaumont, son of LOUIS de Brienne "d´Acre" Vicomte de Beaumont-en-Maine & his wife Agnes de Beaumont (-1306, bur Etival).

Chapter 7. SIRES de LAVAL

The genealogy of the first dynasty of sires de Laval has been the subject of much confusion over the years. The main problem in reconstructing the family is that six out of the seven sires de Laval were named Guy, five of whom succeeded in a direct line from father to son. This makes it harder to identify the specific person to whom undated primary source references apply. Some early secondary sources misinterpreted the sources and incorrectly concluded that there were seven sires de Laval named Guy, instead of six. This introduced a hypothetical additional generation into the genealogy which caused a great deal of confusion. Broussillon appears to have been the first author to find his way accurately through the maze[286]. His structure provides the basis for the reconstruction set out below, with some minor modifications and additions. The primary sources which Broussillon collected do provide sufficiently accurate information to assert that this reconstruction is definitive and that there were only six sires de Laval named Guy. However, even Broussillon was confused about the numbering of the sires de Laval. The difficulty is that Guy [IV] described himself as "Guido quintus" in a charter dated to [1150] under which he donated profits from a fair to the Knights Hospitallers of Jerusalem[287]. At first sight this suggests that there must have been four earlier sires de Laval named Guy. The solution to the difficulty is found in one of the charters of his son Guy [V] who is called "Guido dominus sextus de Lavalle" in his donation to Olivet priory dated to [1205][288]. The appropriate translation of this phrase is (adding punctuation) "Guy, sixth lord of Laval" not "Guy the sixth, lord of Laval". The former is an accurate description of him when we remember that Hamon Sire de Laval, son of Guy [I], was the second sire de Laval. It is suggested that the Laval family in England descended from Hugues, son of Hamon Sire de Laval.

The castle of Laval was situated on the banks of the river Mayenne and was constructed by Guy [I] Sire de Laval, as shown by two charters which describe him as "Guido, castri quod Vallis nuncupatur, in pago Cynnomennensi conditor atque possessor"[289], who was a vassal of the comtes de Maine. No indication has been found about his parentage or origin. Broussillon suggests that he must have taken possession of Laval in [1020][290].

The first dynasty of sires de Laval became extinct in the male line on the death in 1211 of Guy [VI]. The castle passed to his sister Emma and to her children by her second husband Mathieu [II] Sire de Montmorency (who was constable of France). The Montmorency-Laval line is not included in this document. The primary sources which provide the basis for the reconstruction of their descent can be found in the later pages of volume 1 of Broussillon´s work and in volume 2[291].

1. GUY [I] de Laval ([980/90]-before 26 Feb 1062). Sire de Laval. "Wido" relinquished rights to the chapter of Le Mans, before leaving for Jerusalem, with the consent of "Haimo, supra scripti Guidonis filius et uxor eius Hersendis filiique eorum Guido…et Hugo", by charter dated 11 Nov 1039[292]. The date of this charter is open to doubt, particularly because two of the known children of Guy´s grandson Guy [II] must have been born in the last decade of the 11th century. In addition, Guy [I] himself would have been unusually old when he died if he already had grandchildren in 1039. "…Guidonis de Valle filiorumque suorum Johannis et Hamonis" consented to a donation by "Fulcodius" to Marmoutier by charter dated to [1040][293]. The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri quod Vallis nuncupatur, in pago Cynnomennensi conditor atque possessor", at the request of "Johannis filii sui monachi nostri", with the consent of "Haimone atque Guidone filiis suis…Gervasium…tres his…sorores Hildesindem, Agnetem, Hildeburgem", by charter dated to [1050][294]. The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri…Vallis…in pago Cenomannensi conditorem ac possessorem", with the consent of "suorumque filiorum…Haimonis…Gervasii atque Guidonis, simulque Agnetis", by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis uxor predicti Widonis, Gualterius filius eius…"[295]. The date of his death is set by the charter dated 26 Feb 1062, witnessed by "…Haimo de Lavalle…", which records an agreement of confraternity between Saint-Maurice d´Angers and La Trinité de Vendôme[296]. Guillaume II Duke of Normandy settled a claim in favour of the monks of Marmoutier relating to property donated by "Guido de Valle" by charter dated 1064, which names "Iohannem monachum filium suum" and is witnessed by "…Hamo de Valle filius Guidonis…"[297]. This document does not state that Guy was alive at that date. m firstly ([1010/15]) BERTHE de Tosny, daughter of [RAOUL [II] de Tosny & his wife ---]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated [Sep/14 Oct] 1055 under which the monks of Marmoutier record the donations by "quemdam militem…Johannem pagi Cenomannensis indigenum, Widonis de Valle filium" of property "in Normannia, territorio Vilcassino…ecclesiam in villa…Guarniacus…juxta fluvium Eptæ" which "Wido pater eorum" accepted from "uxore sua Berta, Johannis et Haimonis matre"[298]. Her connection with the Tosny family is confirmed by the charter dated 1063 which records the consent given by "Rotbertum de Toeniaco, avunculum domni Johanni monachi nostri, filii Widonis de Valle" to the donations by the latter to Marmoutier, authorised by "Berengerius filius eius"[299]. The remaining question is the identity of her father. The date of her marriage is estimated from the charter dated 11 Nov 1039 in which her two grandsons are named (see above)[300]. If this document is correctly dated (and this is open to doubt as discussed further above), Berthe could not have been the daughter of Roger [I] de Conches. There are two other possibilities. Either she was the daughter of Raoul [II] de Tosny or she was the related to Robert de Tosny, who was Lord of Belvoir in 1086 and whose precise relationship with the main Tosny family has not been ascertained. m secondly (before [1030]) as her second husband, ROTRUDE de Château-du-Loir, widow of ---, daughter of HAMON Seigneur d'Argentré & his wife Eremburge de Bellême (-after [1050]). The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri…Vallis…in pago Cenomannensi conditorem ac possessorem", with the consent of "suorumque filiorum…Haimonis…Gervasii atque Guidonis, simulque Agnetis", by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis uxor predicti Widonis, Gualterius filius eius…"[301]. Her parentage is confirmed by a charter dated to [1100] under which the monks of Angers Saint-Aubin recall the history of "ecclesiam de Comburniaco", seized by "Fulcho comes" [Foulques III "Nerra" Comte d´Anjou] and given to "Hamelino de Castro Ledi", who granted it to "Widdoni de Valle cum filia sua in maritagio"[302]. If this report is correct, Rotrude must have married before [1030], the estimated date of death of her father. The monks of Marmoutier record the division of Laval fair and market profits with "Guido de Valle", with the consent of "filii eius Hamon, Hildelinda, Agnes, Hildeburgis et Guido et Gervasius" by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis supradicti Guidonis uxor, Gualterius filius eius…"[303]. These charters confirm Rotrude´s first marriage, from which "Gualterius filius eius" was presumably born. Guy [I] & his first wife had five children:

a) JEAN de Laval (before [1025/26]-). "…Guidonis de Valle filiorumque suorum Johannis et Hamonis" consented to a donation by "Fulcodius" to Marmoutier by charter dated to [1040][304]. Monk at Marmoutier. The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri quod Vallis nuncupatur, in pago Cynnomennensi conditor atque possessor", at the request of "Johannis filii sui monachi nostri", with the consent of "Haimone atque Guidone filiis suis…Gervasium…tres his…sorores Hildesindem, Agnetem, Hildeburgem", by charter dated to [1050][305]. The monks of Marmoutier record the donations by "quemdam militem…Johannem pagi Cenomannensis indigenum, Widonis de Valle filium" of property "in Normannia, territorio Vilcassino…ecclesiam in villa…Guarniacus…juxta fluvium Eptæ" which "Wido pater eorum" accepted from "uxore sua Berta, Johannis et Haimonis matre", by charter dated [Sep/14 Oct] 1055, which also records that Jean became a monk at Marmoutier when aged 29[306]. [1070].

b) HAMON de Laval (-[1076/85], bur Marmoutier). "Wido" relinquished rights to the chapter of Le Mans, before leaving for Jerusalem, with the consent of "Haimo, supra scripti Guidonis filius et uxor eius Hersendis filiique eorum Guido…et Hugo", by charter dated 11 Nov 1039[307]. "…Guidonis de Valle filiorumque suorum Johannis et Hamonis" consented to a donation by "Fulcodius" to Marmoutier by charter dated to [1040][308]. Sire de Laval. The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri quod Vallis nuncupatur, in pago Cynnomennensi conditor atque possessor", at the request of "Johannis filii sui monachi nostri", with the consent of "Haimone atque Guidone filiis suis…Gervasium…tres his…sorores Hildesindem, Agnetem, Hildeburgem", by charter dated to [1050][309]. The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri…Vallis…in pago Cenomannensi conditorem ac possessorem", with the consent of "suorumque filiorum…Haimonis…Gervasii atque Guidonis, simulque Agnetis", by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis uxor predicti Widonis, Gualterius filius eius…"[310]. The monks of Marmoutier record the division of Laval fair and market profits with "Guido de Valle", with the consent of "filii eius Hamon, Hildelinda, Agnes, Hildeburgis et Guido et Gervasius" by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis supradicti Guidonis uxor, Gualterius filius eius…"[311]. "…Haimo de Lavalle…" witnessed the charter dated 26 Feb 1062 which records an agreement of confraternity between Saint-Maurice d´Angers and La Trinité de Vendôme[312]. "…Hamo de Valle filius Guidonis…" witnessed the charter dated 1064 under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy settled a claim in favour of the monks of Marmoutier relating to property donated by "Guido de Valle"[313]. "Hamon de Laval" donated property to Ronceray, at the request of "ses sœurs Agnès et Hildelinde", for the souls of "Guy son père et de Berthe sa mère", with the approval of "Guy son fils et de Hersende son épouse", by charter dated to [1075][314]. m (before [1035]) HERSENDE, daughter of --- (-before Mar 1095). "Wido" relinquished rights to the chapter of Le Mans, before leaving for Jerusalem, with the consent of "Haimo, supra scripti Guidonis filius et uxor eius Hersendis filiique eorum Guido…et Hugo", by charter dated 11 Nov 1039[315]. "Hamon de Laval" donated property to Ronceray, at the request of "ses sœurs Agnès et Hildelinde", for the souls of "Guy son père et de Berthe sa mère", with the approval of "Guy son fils et de Hersende son épouse", by charter dated to [1075][316]. "Guy II et sa mère Hersende" assented to the donation of property to Ronceray by "Foulques du Bignon", by charter dated to [1085][317]. His place of burial is confirmed by the charter dated 1090 which records that "Guido junior" succeeded "in paternum…honorem" on the death of "Haimonis senioris de Valle Guidonis" and that when, after some time, "supradicti domni Guidonis conjugem" died, he granted further rights to Marmoutier when she was buried "juxta patrem suum Haimonem"[318]. Hamon & his wife had two children:

i) GUY [II] de Laval (befote [1037/38]-[1110], bur Marmoutier). "Wido" relinquished rights to the chapter of Le Mans, before leaving for Jerusalem, with the consent of "Haimo, supra scripti Guidonis filius et uxor eius Hersendis filiique eorum Guido…et Hugo", by charter dated 11 Nov 1039[319]. He succeeded his father as Sire de Laval.

- see below.

ii) HUGUES [I] de Laval (before 11 Nov 1039-after [1093]). "Wido" relinquished rights to the chapter of Le Mans, before leaving for Jerusalem, with the consent of "Haimo, supra scripti Guidonis filius et uxor eius Hersendis filiique eorum Guido…et Hugo", by charter dated 11 Nov 1039[320]. The date of this charter is open to doubt. The brothers Guy [II] and Hugues are recorded well into the 12th century and two of the known children of Guy [II] must have been born in the last decade of the 11th century. If the date of the charter is correct, both Guy [II] and Hugues would have been unusually old when they died. A charter dated to [1085] records that "Guy II fils de Hamon" withdrew claims against Ronceray relating to property donated by his father and names "Denise son épouse" and is witnessed by "Hugues, frère de Guy II"[321]. A charter dated to [1080/90] records that "Guidone de Valle" sold "boscum…Monduluet" to "domnus Rivallonus monachus" at Marmoutier, with the consent of "Hugo frater eius…et Dionisia uxor eius"[322]. "Patricius de Cadurcis" donated property to the abbey of La Couture by charter dated to [1085/97], in the presence of "…Hugone de Lavalle…"[323]. A charter dated to [1093/1110] records that "Guido filius Hamonis…et eius uxor Sicilia, filiusque eius…Guido" donated property to Marmoutier when "fratrem suum Hugonem" appeared to be dying, and a later donation by "Guido filius eius et Secilia uxor illius et Hugo frater illius"[324].

c) HILDESINDE de Laval . The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri quod Vallis nuncupatur, in pago Cynnomennensi conditor atque possessor", at the request of "Johannis filii sui monachi nostri", with the consent of "Haimone atque Guidone filiis suis…Gervasium…tres his…sorores Hildesindem, Agnetem, Hildeburgem", by charter dated to [1050][325]. The monks of Marmoutier record the division of Laval fair and market profits with "Guido de Valle", with the consent of "filii eius Hamon, Hildelinda, Agnes, Hildeburgis et Guido et Gervasius" by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis supradicti Guidonis uxor, Gualterius filius eius…"[326]. The nuns of Ronceray recorded that "Odeline fille de Guy I" had donated her dowry to the convent and become a nun when she was widowed, by charter dated to [1065/80][327]. "Hamon de Laval" donated property to Ronceray, at the request of "ses sœurs Agnès et Hildelinde", for the souls of "Guy son père et de Berthe sa mère", with the approval of "Guy son fils et de Hersende son épouse", by charter dated to [1075][328]. m ---.

d) AGNES de Laval . The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri quod Vallis nuncupatur, in pago Cynnomennensi conditor atque possessor", at the request of "Johannis filii sui monachi nostri", with the consent of "Haimone atque Guidone filiis suis…Gervasium…tres his…sorores Hildesindem, Agnetem, Hildeburgem", by charter dated to [1050][329]. The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri…Vallis…in pago Cenomannensi conditorem ac possessorem", with the consent of "suorumque filiorum…Haimonis…Gervasii atque Guidonis, simulque Agnetis", by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis uxor predicti Widonis, Gualterius filius eius…"[330]. The monks of Marmoutier record the division of Laval fair and market profits with "Guido de Valle", with the consent of "filii eius Hamon, Hildelinda, Agnes, Hildeburgis et Guido et Gervasius" by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis supradicti Guidonis uxor, Gualterius filius eius…"[331]. Nun at Ronceray. "Hamon de Laval" donated property to Ronceray, at the request of "ses sœurs Agnès et Hildelinde", for the souls of "Guy son père et de Berthe sa mère", with the approval of "Guy son fils et de Hersende son épouse", by charter dated to [1075][332].

e) HILDEBURGIS de Laval . The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri quod Vallis nuncupatur, in pago Cynnomennensi conditor atque possessor", at the request of "Johannis filii sui monachi nostri", with the consent of "Haimone atque Guidone filiis suis…Gervasium…tres his…sorores Hildesindem, Agnetem, Hildeburgem", by charter dated to [1050][333]. The monks of Marmoutier record the division of Laval fair and market profits with "Guido de Valle", with the consent of "filii eius Hamon, Hildelinda, Agnes, Hildeburgis et Guido et Gervasius" by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis supradicti Guidonis uxor, Gualterius filius eius…"[334].

Guy [I] & his second wife had two children:

f) GUY de Laval (-after 11 Mar 1067). The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri quod Vallis nuncupatur, in pago Cynnomennensi conditor atque possessor", at the request of "Johannis filii sui monachi nostri", with the consent of "Haimone atque Guidone filiis suis…Gervasium…tres his…sorores Hildesindem, Agnetem, Hildeburgem", by charter dated to [1050][335]. The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri…Vallis…in pago Cenomannensi conditorem ac possessorem", with the consent of "suorumque filiorum…Haimonis…Gervasii atque Guidonis, simulque Agnetis", by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis uxor predicti Widonis, Gualterius filius eius…"[336]. The monks of Marmoutier record the division of Laval fair and market profits with "Guido de Valle", with the consent of "filii eius Hamon, Hildelinda, Agnes, Hildeburgis et Guido et Gervasius" by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis supradicti Guidonis uxor, Gualterius filius eius…"[337]. The naming of "Guido et Gervasius" in this last charter after their sisters suggests that they were not born from the same marriage of their father. "…Guy de Laval…" witnessed the charter dated 11 Mar 1067 which the repossession of Saint-Florent de Saumur by its monks[338].

g) GERVAIS de Laval . The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri quod Vallis nuncupatur, in pago Cynnomennensi conditor atque possessor", at the request of "Johannis filii sui monachi nostri", with the consent of "Haimone atque Guidone filiis suis…Gervasium…tres his…sorores Hildesindem, Agnetem, Hildeburgem", by charter dated to [1050][339]. The monks of Marmoutier record a donation by "Guido, castri…Vallis…in pago Cenomannensi conditorem ac possessorem", with the consent of "suorumque filiorum…Haimonis…Gervasii atque Guidonis, simulque Agnetis", by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis uxor predicti Widonis, Gualterius filius eius…"[340]. The monks of Marmoutier record the division of Laval fair and market profits with "Guido de Valle", with the consent of "filii eius Hamon, Hildelinda, Agnes, Hildeburgis et Guido et Gervasius" by charter dated to [1050], witnessed by "…Rotrudis supradicti Guidonis uxor, Gualterius filius eius…"[341]. The naming of "Guido et Gervasius" in this last charter after their sisters suggests that they were not born from the same marriage of their father.

1. HUGUES [II] de Laval (-before 1130). The chronology suggests that there must have been two persons named Hugues de Laval in the late-11th and early 12th centuries. Hugues de Laval (named Hugues [I] de Laval, above), son of Hamon Sire de Laval, is named in a charter dated 11 Nov 1039. It is therefore extremely unlikely that he could have been the same person as Hugues [II] de Laval whose death is dated to before 1130. It is possible that Hugues [II] was the son of Hugues [I]. An undated charter, dated to the early 12th century, under which the nuns of Ronceray confirmed an agreement, is witnessed by "Hugues de Laval, qui nunc dominium tenebat"[342], which suggests that Hugues acted as regent during the minority of Guy [III] Sire de Laval. "Juhellus Goualterii filius, dominus castelli Meduanæ…matre mea Adelina et sorore Felicia" organised the transfer of the monks of Saint-Martin to Mayenne castle, for the souls of "Gaufredi…avi mei et Gualterii patris mei…Hamelini fratris mei", by undated charter witnessed by "…milites ex parte Juhelli: Hugo de Lavalle…"[343]. This charter is dated to 1144 in the compilation, although the date does not appear in the text. It is more likely dateable to the early 1120s. "Hugo de la Val" confirmed the donation by "Robertus de Laceio tempore regis Willilmi secundi" and added his own donation to Pontefract abbey, for the salvation of "conjugis meæ et liberorum meorum", by charter dated to [1121/29][344]. According to Dugdale´s Monasticon, Henry I King of England granted Pontefract castle to "Hugo de la Val" after Robert de Lacy was banished, and "Empress" Matilda restored the castle to Robert´s son, so dated to the early 1140s[345]. If Robert de Lacy´s death is correctly estimated to [1093/99] (see UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBLITY), his banishment must have occurred during the reign of King William II. The timing of King Henry I´s granted to Hugues de Laval is therefore uncertain. m as her first husband, DAMETA, daughter of --- (-after 1130). The 1130 Pipe Roll names "Wido de Laval" followed immediately by "Willo Maltverso" in Northumberland, and in another passage records that "Wills Maltvers" owed money to the king for "uxore Hug de Laval" and for the latter´s land[346]. The 1130 Pipe Roll names "Damete" in Oxfordshire[347]. She married secondly (1129) William Maltravers. "Willelmus Maltravers" donated property to Pontefract abbey, with the consent of "uxore mea Dalmeta", by charter dated to [1130/36][348]. Hugues & his wife had [two or more] children:

- ENGLISH UNTITLED NOBILITY.

GUY [II] de Laval, son of HAMON Sire de Laval & his wife Hersende --- (before [1037/38]-after 1105, bur Marmoutier). "Wido" relinquished rights to the chapter of Le Mans, before leaving for Jerusalem, with the consent of "Haimo, supra scripti Guidonis filius et uxor eius Hersendis filiique eorum Guido…et Hugo", by charter dated 11 Nov 1039[349]. The date of this charter is open to doubt. The brothers Guy [II] and Hugues are recorded well into the 12th century and two of the known children of Guy [II] must have been born in the last decade of the 11th century. If the date of the charter is correct, both Guy [II] and Hugues would have been unusually old when they died. "Hamon de Laval" donated property to Ronceray, at the request of "ses sœurs Agnès et Hildelinde", for the souls of "Guy son père et de Berthe sa mère", with the approval of "Guy son fils et de Hersende son épouse", by charter dated to [1075][350]. He succeeded his father as Sire de Laval. "Guy II et sa mère Hersende" assented to the donation of property to Ronceray by "Foulques du Bignon", by charter dated to [1085][351]. A charter dated to [1085] records that "Guy II fils de Hamon" withdrew claims against Ronceray relating to property donated by his father and names "Denise son épouse" and is witnessed by "Hugues, frère de Guy II"[352]. A charter dated to [1080/90] records that "Guidone de Valle" sold "boscum…Monduluet" to "domnus Rivallonus monachus" at Marmoutier, with the consent of "Hugo frater eius…et Dionisia uxor eius"[353]. A charter dated 1090 records that "Guido junior" succeeded "in paternum…honorem" on the death of "Haimonis senioris de Valle Guidonis" and that when, after some time, "supradicti domni Guidonis conjugem" died, he granted further rights to Marmoutier when she was buried "juxta patrem suum Haimonem"[354]. A charter dated [10/16] Mar 1095 recalls donations to Montmajour by "Hamo dominus Latævallis" amd that "filius eius Guido, succedens patri suo in honorem" refused to ratify these donations until Pope Urban II arrived "ad concilium Turonense"[355]. Pope Urban is recorded in Tours in early Mar 1096 (N.S.) from where he addressed letters dated 4, 14, 20, 21 and 24 Mar 1096[356]. An undated charter records the lifting of the sentence of excommunication against "Guy fils de Hamon", imposed for the fire of the church of Gennes, in the presence among others of Renaud Bishop of Angers [appointed in 1102][357]. A charter dated to 1 Dec [1104/1111] records that "Guy de Laval et Hugues son frère" arbitered an agreement between the abbess of Ronceray and "Guérin de Saint-Berthvin"[358]. "Mauricius dominus castelli…Credonum" was condemned to repair the damage he caused to La Trinité de Vendôme "uxor eius domna Mathildis", by charter dated 1105, which names "Goffridus…Vindocinensis abbas…consanguineus Mauricii", and is signed by "Mauricius dominus Credonis, Robertus frater eius…Guido de Lavalle…"[359]. A charter dated to [1110] records that "Guy, Cécile son épouse, Guy et Gervais leurs enfants" approved a sale of property by one of the nuns at Ronceray[360]. Assuming that the hypothesis concerning Guy [II]´s supposed daughter, wife of Raoul [VII] Vicomte de Maine, is correct as shown below, it is probable that Guy [II] died before her marriage. The marriage is recorded as having taken place in 1095 and the bride described as "sororem Widonis de Valle", suggesting that her father was deceased at the time. However, the charter itself is undated and it is not clear from the text how much time may have passed between the marriage and the date the charter was written. It is possible, therefore, that her father was alive when she married, but died soon afterwards.

[m firstly ---. No direct evidence has been found of this supposed first marriage of Guy [II]. However, Guy´s estimated birth date suggests that it is unlikely that Denise de Mortain, whose birth is most likely dated to [1065/70] considering the general chronology of her family, was his first wife.]

m [secondly] ([1085]) DENISE de Mortain, daughter of ROBERT Comte de Mortain & his first wife Mathilde de Montgommery ([1065/70]-1090, bur Marmoutier). Robert of Torigny names "unum filium Guillermum et tres filias" as the children of "Robertus comes Moritonii uterinus frater Willermi regis", specifying that one unnamed daughter (mentioned second) married "Guido de Laval"[361]. A charter dated to [1085] records that "Guy II fils de Hamon" withdrew claims against Ronceray relating to property donated by his father and names "Denise son épouse" and is witnessed by "Hugues, frère de Guy II"[362]. A charter dated to [1080/90] records that "Guidone de Valle" sold "boscum…Monduluet" to "domnus Rivallonus monachus" at Marmoutier, with the consent of "Hugo frater eius…et Dionisia uxor eius"[363]. "Guido de Lavalle" donated the priory of Parné to the church of Saint-Nicholas d'Angers "pro salute sua et uxoris sue Dionisie" by charter dated [1080/90][364]. A charter dated 1090 records that "Guido junior" succeeded "in paternum…honorem" on the death of "Haimonis senioris de Valle Guidonis" and that when, after some time, "supradicti domni Guidonis conjugem" died, he granted further rights to Marmoutier when she was buried "juxta patrem suum Haimonem"[365].

m [thirdly] (after 1090) CECILE, daughter of ---. A charter dated to [1093/1110] records that "Guido filius Hamonis…et eius uxor Sicilia, filiusque eius…Guido" donated property to Marmoutier when "fratrem suum Hugonem" appeared to be dying, and a later donation by "Guido filius eius et Secilia uxor illius et Hugo frater illius"[366]. "Cécile épouse de Guy" witnessed the charter dated to [1093/1110] under which the nuns of Ronceray recorded a donation and the judgment of "Guy" which enabled them to retain possession[367].

Guy [II] & his [first/second] wife had [one child]:

1. [daughter . A charter of the monks of Saint-Vincent du Mans dated 24 May 1095 records the donation by "bonæ memoriæ Huberti vicecomitis…filius…Radulfus", adding that this was the year in which he married "sororem Widonis de Valle"[368]. In that year Guy [II] is recorded as sire de Laval. However, he would then have been too old to have had a sister of marriageable age, assuming that the 11 Nov 1039 charter in which he is named is correctly dated. It is therefore more likely that the wife of Raoul [VII] Vicomte de Maine was the daughter not sister of Guy [II]. It is also possible that the charter in question was written later than 1095. If that is correct, Guy [III] may by then have been sire de Laval and Raoul´s wife could have been described as "sororem Widonis de Valle" to indicate the current sire de Laval rather than the sire de Laval when she married. If Raoul´s wife was the daughter of Guy [II], she must have been born from either his first or second marriage. m (1095) RAOUL [VI] Vicomte de Maine, son of HUBERT Vicomte de Maine et de Beaumont & his wife Ermengarde de Nevers (-14 Jan [1120/25], bur Etival).]

Guy [II] & his [third] wife had [five] children:

2. GUY [III] de Laval ([1092/1100]-[1130/42]). A charter dated to [1093/1110] records that "Guido filius Hamonis…et eius uxor Sicilia, filiusque eius…Guido" donated property to Marmoutier when "fratrem suum Hugonem" appeared to be dying, and a later donation by "Guido filius eius et Secilia uxor illius et Hugo frater illius"[369]. His parentage is confirmed more precisely by the charter dated to [1110] under which "Guy, Cécile son épouse, Guy et Gervais leurs enfants" approved a sale of property by one of the nuns at Ronceray[370]. He succeeded his father as Sire de Laval.

- see below.

3. GERVAIS de Laval (-after 1142). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1110] under which "Guy, Cécile son épouse, Guy et Gervais leurs enfants" approved a sale of property by one of the nuns at Ronceray[371]. A charter dated 1142 confirms the foundation of the priory of Plessis-Milcent by "Guido de Lavalle" and completed after his death by "filius eius Guido", with the consent of "matre sua Ama et Gervasio avunculo suo"[372].

4. AGNES de Laval (-[after 1140]). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a letter from "Hildebertus…Turonum minister" to Pope Honorius II, dated [14 Apr] 1129, relating to canonical difficulties relating to the marriage of "Hugonis de Credone et Agnetis uxoris suæ" which names "ipsa Agnes…et…Guidonem de Lavalle fratrem suum"[373]. "Guarino de Credone, Agnete matre eius" consented to the donation by "Gualeri de Bona et Aanor uxor eius" to La Roë, by undated charter[374]. Bodard de la Jacopière identifies the signatories in this charter with Agnes de Laval, first wife of Hugues Sire de Craon, and their supposed son Guérin. This raises an interesting question concerning the date of Agnes´s death. If she died before her husband´s second marriage, her son could have been no more than five years old at the time, bearing in mind that his father had five children by his second marriage before his death in [1140]. In that case, it is unlikely that Guérin would have been considered old enough to have consented to the donation in this charter. The other possibility is that Hugues´s first marriage was terminated not by his wife´s death but by their separation, insisted on by the church because of the canonical difficulties referred to above. m ([1124], [separated]) HUGUES Sire de Craon, son of MAURICE [I] Sire de Craon & his wife Tiphaine --- (-[1140]).

5. [HAVISE . Europäische Stammtafeln[375] identifies the wife of Robert Earl of Derby as the daughter of Guy [II] Sire de Laval & his second wife Cecilia ---. According to Domesday Descendants[376], "there is no convincing evidence as to her identity". m ROBERT de Ferrières Earl of Derby, son of HENRI Sire de Ferrières et de Chambrais & his wife Bertha ---). He was created Earl of Derby in 1138.]

GUY [III] de Laval, son of GUY [II] Sire de Laval & his second wife Cécile --- (-[1130/42], bur Marmoutier). A charter dated to [1093/1110] records that "Guido filius Hamonis…et eius uxor Sicilia, filiusque eius…Guido" donated property to Marmoutier when "fratrem suum Hugonem" appeared to be dying, and a later donation by "Guido filius eius et Secilia uxor illius et Hugo frater illius"[377]. His parentage is confirmed more precisely by the charter dated to [1110] under which "Guy, Cécile son épouse, Guy et Gervais leurs enfants" approved a sale of property by one of the nuns at Ronceray[378]. He succeeded his father as Sire de Laval. The Gesta Consulum Andegavorum records that "dominus…Lavallensis" participated in "la journée de Séez" 11 Dec 1118 when the supporters of Foulques V Comte d´Anjou captured Alençon from Henry I King of England[379]. An undated charter, dated to the early 12th century, under which the nuns of Ronceray confirmed an agreement, is witnessed by "Hugues de Laval, qui nunc dominium tenebat"[380], which suggests that Hugues [II] de Laval (see above) acted as regent during the minority of Guy [III]. A charter dated 1142 confirms the foundation of the priory of Plessis-Milcent by "Guido de Lavalle" and completed after his death by "filius eius Guido", with the consent of "matre sua Ama et Gervasio avunculo suo"[381].

m ([1118/23]) EMMA, daughter of --- (-after [1153/62]). Broussillon refers to an assertion that a tomb in Clermont abbey recorded the burial of "Emma Anglorum regis filia dominaque Lavallensis" but adds that he found no document which confirms that this is correct[382]. "Guy de Laval" founded the abbey of Clermont, with the consent of "Emma sa mère, d´Hamon son frère, alors malade", by charter dated 1152[383]. "Guido Lavallensis dominus" donated property to Savigny by charter dated to [1153/62], witnessed by "…domina Emma matre mea…"[384].

Guy [III] & his wife had [three] children:

1. GUY [IV] de Laval (-23 Dec [1180/85], bur Abbaye de Clermont). A charter dated 1142 confirms the foundation of the priory of Plessis-Milcent by "Guido de Lavalle" and completed after his death by "filius eius Guido", with the consent of "matre sua Ama et Gervasio avunculo suo"[385]. He succeeded his father as Sire de Laval. A charter issued by the monks of Marmoutier dated 1150 records the excommunication of Guy de Laval[386]. He called himself "Guido quintus" in a charter dated to [1150] under which he donated profits from a fair to the Knights Hospitallers of Jerusalem[387]. "Wido dominus Lavallis" confirmed a donation by "Guido antecessor meus" to the priory of Gennes by charter dated to [1150], witnessed by "domina Lavallis, Emma, uxor eiusdem Guidonis…"[388]. "Guy de Laval" founded the abbey of Clermont, with the consent of "Emma sa mère, d´Hamon son frère, alors malade", by charter dated 1152[389]. "Guido Lavallensis dominus" donated property to Savigny by charter dated to [1153/62], witnessed by "…domina Emma matre mea…"[390]. "Guido Lavallensis dominus" relinquished the parish of la Gravelle to Marmoutier, with the advice of "fratris mei Hamonis, et uxoris mee Agathe et filiorum meorum Guidonis atque Sicilie", by charter dated to [1142/85][391]. "Guido de Lavalle" donated property to Sainte-Trinité de Fougères with the consent of "Guidonis filii mei et Hamonis fratris mei et Emme uxoris mee" by charter dated 1180[392]. m EMMA of Cornwall, daughter of REINALD Earl of Cornwall & his wife Beatrice FitzWilliam (-1208 or after, bur Abbaye de Clermont). "Guido Lavallensis dominus" relinquished the parish of la Gravelle to Marmoutier, with the advice of "fratris mei Hamonis, et uxoris mee Agathe et filiorum meorum Guidonis atque Sicilie", by charter dated to [1142/85][393]. "Agathe" in this document is an error for "Emma", as shown by the charter dated 1208 under which "Guido sextus dominus Lavallensis" ratified a donation by "patris mei" to the canons of "castellilo Lavallensi", witnessed by "…Emma matre mea, Hayoisia uxore mea…"[394]. "…Emme uxoris mee" consented to the donation by "Guido de Lavalle" to Sainte-Trinité de Fougères by charter dated 1180[395]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Guy [IV] & his wife had [three] children:

a) GUY [V] de Laval (-1210). "Guido Lavallensis dominus" relinquished the parish of la Gravelle to Marmoutier, with the advice of "fratris mei Hamonis, et uxoris mee Agathe et filiorum meorum Guidonis atque Sicilie", by charter dated to [1142/85][396]. "Guidonis filii mei…" consented to the donation by "Guido de Lavalle" to Sainte-Trinité de Fougères by charter dated 1180[397]. He succeeded his father as Sire de Laval. "Guido sextus de Lavalle" donated property to Bellebranche abbey by charter dated 1186[398]. "Guido junior de Lavalle" confirmed donations to Clermont abbey by charter dated 1194, on the burial day of "avunculi mei Hamonis"[399]. "Mauritius de Credone filius Hugonis" appointed "Guido de Laval…et Havis uxor eius" as guardians of his children and his lands, in the case of the death of his wife, in his undated testament when leaving for Jerusalem, and provided for their inheritance of his lands if he died without male heirs[400]. "Guido sextus dominus de Lavalle" donated property to Plessis-Milcent by charter dated 1205, witnessed by "Haoys uxore mea…"[401]. "Guido dominus sextus de Lavalle" donated property to Olivet priory, for the soul of "Ozannæ filiæ meæ", by charter dated to [1205], witnessed by "Haoys uxore mea, Guido filius meus, Emma filia mea"[402]. "Guido sextus dominus Lavallensis" ratified a donation by "patris mei" to the canons of "castellilo Lavallensi", by charter dated 1208, witnessed by "…Emma matre mea, Hayoisia uxore mea…"[403]. m as her first husband, AVOISE de Craon Dame de Craon et de Châtelais, daughter of MAURICE [II] Sire de Craon & his wife Isabelle de Meulan (-1230). "Mauritius de Credone filius Hugonis" appointed "Guido de Laval…et Havis uxor eius" as guardians of his children and his lands, in the case of the death of his wife, in his undated testament when leaving for Jerusalem, and provided for their inheritance of his lands if he died without male heirs[404]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and her first marriage more precisely has not yet been identified. "Guido sextus dominus de Lavalle" donated property to Plessis-Milcent by charter dated 1205, witnessed by "Haoys uxore mea…"[405]. "Guido dominus sextus de Lavalle" donated property to Olivet priory, for the soul of "Ozannæ filiæ meæ", by charter dated to [1205], witnessed by "Haoys uxore mea, Guido filius meus, Emma filia mea"[406]. "Guido sextus dominus Lavallensis" ratified a donation by "patris mei" to the canons of "castellilo Lavallensi", by charter dated 1208, witnessed by "…Emma matre mea, Hayoisia uxore mea…"[407]. She married secondly (before 1215) Yves le Franc Seigneur de Saulges (-before 1260). "Robertus comes de Alenchon" settled the dower of "domine Haoys de Lavalle" by charter dated [19 Apr/31 Oct] 1215[408]. "Robertus comes d´Alencon et dominus Lavallis et Emma uxor eius filia Guidonis de Lavalle et hæres Lavallis" exchanged property with "Yvoni Franco et dominæ Haoys uxori suæ" by charter dated Feb 1216[409]. "Matheus de Montemorenciaco, conestabularius Franciæ et Emma, eius uxor, comitissa de Alanconio et domina Lavallensis" ratified a donation by "dominus Ivo Francus et uxor eius Advisia de Lavalle" to Bellebranche, for the salvation of "domini Guydonis de Lavalle" and for "Hugonis filii sui", by charter dated 1218[410]. Guy [V] & his wife had four children:

i) OZANNE de Laval (-[1205], bur prieuré d'Olivet). "Guido dominus sextus de Lavalle" donated property to Olivet priory, for the soul of "Ozannæ filiæ meæ", by charter dated to [1205], witnessed by "Haoys uxore mea, Guido filius meus, Emma filia mea"[411].

ii) GUY [VI] de Laval (-8 Sep 1211, bur Clermont). "Guido dominus sextus de Lavalle" donated property to Olivet priory, for the soul of "Ozannæ filiæ meæ", by charter dated to [1205], witnessed by "Haoys uxore mea, Guido filius meus, Emma filia mea"[412].

iii) EMMA de Laval ([1197/98]-27 Apr 1264, bur Abbaye de Clermont). "Guido dominus sextus de Lavalle" donated property to Olivet priory, for the soul of "Ozannæ filiæ meæ", by charter dated to [1205], witnessed by "Haoys uxore mea, Guido filius meus, Emma filia mea"[413]. Dame de Laval. A manuscript genealogy of the Lords of Beaumont record the marriage of “Robertum comitem Alencheii” and “Emmam filiam Guidonis domini de La Val” after the death of his wife “Joanna…filia domini Josberti de Guirchia”[414]. "Robertus comes d´Alencon et dominus Lavallis et Emma uxor eius filia Guidonis de Lavalle et hæres Lavallis" exchanged property with "Yvoni Franco et dominæ Haoys uxori suæ" by charter dated Feb 1216[415]. "Matheus de Montemorenciaco, conestabularius Franciæ et Emma, eius uxor, comitissa de Alanconio et domina Lavallensis" ratified a donation by "dominus Ivo Francus et uxor eius Advisia de Lavalle" to Bellebranche, for the salvation of "domini Guydonis de Lavalle" and for "Hugonis filii sui", by charter dated 1218[416]. "Ama comitissa de Alenceon" donated property to Notre-Dame, Paris for the soul of "domini Mathei de Monte Morenciaco mariti mei defuncti" by charter dated 1230[417]. "Joannes dominus de Toceio miles" confirmed commitments made for his marriage to "Emmam comitissam de Alenchon et dominam de Lavalle" by charter dated 1231[418]. m firstly (before 1215) as his third wife, ROBERT [III] Comte d'Alençon, son of JEAN [I] Comte d'Alençon & his wife Beatrix de Maine (-Mortevieille 8 Sep 1217, bur Abbaye de Perseigne). m secondly (Jul 1218) as his second wife, MATHIEU [II] "le Grand" Sire de Montmorency, son of BOUCHARD [IV] Sire de Montmorency & his wife Laurette de Hainaut (-24 Nov 1230). m thirdly (1231) JEAN Sire de Toucy, son of ITIER [IV] de Toucy & his wife Beatrix de Rion (-in Egypt 1250).

iv) ISABELLE de Laval . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1220/50. m (before Aug 1220) BOUCHARD [V] Sire de Montmorency (-1 Jan 1243).

b) CECILE [Sibylle] de Laval . "Guido Lavallensis dominus" relinquished the parish of la Gravelle to Marmoutier, with the advice of "fratris mei Hamonis, et uxoris mee Agathe et filiorum meorum Guidonis atque Sicilie", by charter dated to [1142/85][419]. A Chronicon Comitum Pictaviæ et Aquitaniæ Ducum names "Agnete…de Lavallis Widonis filia" as wife of "Aimerico vicecomiti de Thoarcio"[420]. A charter dated to [1180] records the donations by "Aimery de Thouars, Sibille épouse d´Aimery ainsi que Aumou sa mère" to the monks of la Chaise-le-Vicomte[421]. m ([1150/52]) as his first wife, AIMERY [VII] Vicomte de Thouars, son of GEOFFROY [V] Vicomte de Thouars & his wife --- (-1226, bur Abbaye de Chambon).

c) [JEAN de Laval . "…Johannes de Laval consanguineus noster, Matheus de Bellomonte" witnessed the charter dated to [1185] under which "Burchardus comes Vindocinensis" approved the donation of "bonæ memoriæ Johannes pater meus comeds Vindocinensis" to the abbey of la Charité-sur-Loire[422]. It is not known how Jean may have been related to the Laval family. Nor has his relationship with Bourchard Comte de Vendôme been traced.]

2. HAMON de Laval (-1194, bur Clermont). "Guy de Laval" founded the abbey of Clermont, with the consent of "Emma sa mère, d´Hamon son frère, alors malade", by charter dated 1152[423]. "Guido Lavallensis dominus" relinquished the parish of la Gravelle to Marmoutier, with the advice of "fratris mei Hamonis, et uxoris mee Agathe et filiorum meorum Guidonis atque Sicilie", by charter dated to [1142/85][424]. "…Hamonis fratris mei…" consented to the donation by "Guido de Lavalle" to Sainte-Trinité de Fougères by charter dated 1180[425]. "Guido junior de Lavalle" confirmed donations to Clermont abbey by charter dated 1194, on the burial day of "avunculi mei Hamonis"[426].

3. [EMMA de Laval (-1190 or after). Broussillon states that "Emma de Laval" is recorded as abbess of Ronceray from 1163 to 1190, citing twenty charters in the cartulary of Ronceray which name her, but adds that no document has been found which confirms her parentage[427].

Chapter 8. SEIGNEURS de LAVARDIN

A. SEIGNEURS de LAVARDIN

1. HUGUES de Lavardin, son of --- . The Gesta Ambaziensium records that "vir illustris…Hugo" was "filiolus Hugonis Capet ducis Francorum" at whose court he was present[428]. [986]. m firstly HELPES, daughter of ---. The Gesta Ambaziensium names "Helpes" as the first wife of "vir illustris…Hugo"[429]. m secondly ODELINE [Emmeline] de Beaumont Dame de Bazoges et de Sainte-Christine, daughter of RAOUL [III] Vicomte de Maine & his wife Godehildis de Bellême. The Gesta Ambaziensium names "Odelinam filiam Radulfi vicecomitis de Sancto Susanna" as the second wife of "vir illustris…Hugo", specifying that her dowry was "Basogerium oppidum et terram Sanctæ Christinæ"[430]. Hugues & his first wife had one child:

a) AVELINE de Lavardin . The Gesta Ambaziensium names "Avelinam" as the daughter of "vir illustris…Hugo" & his first wife, specifying in a later passage that she married "Sehebrando de Meduana" with Lavardin as her dowry, and that she was the mother of "Salomon"[431]. Dame de Lavardin. m SEHEBRAND de Mayenne, son of ---.

Hugues & his second wife had three children:

b) LISOIS de Bazoges (-1061 or after). The Gesta Ambaziensium names "Licoium, Algeriumque et Albericum" as the children of "vir illustris…Hugo" & his second wife[432]. Seigneur d'Amboise, by right of his wife. "…Lisoii de Ambazia, Alberici fratris eius…" witnessed the charter dated 1055 under which Geoffroy II "Martel" Comte d´Anjou donated land in the forest of Gastine to Marmoutier[433].

- SEIGNEURS d´AMBOISE.

c) AUGER . The Gesta Ambaziensium names "Licoium, Algeriumque et Albericum" as the children of "vir illustris…Hugo" & his second wife[434]. Seigneur de Bazoges. m ---. The name of Auger's wife is not known. Auger & his wife had one child:

i) HUGUES . Seigneur de Bazoges. The Gesta Ambaziensium records that Lisois d'Amboise ceded Bazoges to "Algerio fratri suo et Hugoni filio ipsius, nepoti suo"[435].

d) ALBERIC (-1055 or after). The Gesta Ambaziensium names "Licoium, Algeriumque et Albericum" as the children of "vir illustris…Hugo" & his second wife[436]. Seigneur de Sainte-Christine. The Gesta Ambaziensium records that Lisois d'Amboise ceded Sainte-Christine to "Alberico fratre suo"[437]. "…Lisoii de Ambazia, Alberici fratris eius…" witnessed the charter dated 1055 under which Geoffroy II "Martel" Comte d´Anjou donated land in the forest of Gastine to Marmoutier[438].

B. SEIGNEURS de LAVARDIN (MAYENNE)

1. SEHEBRAND de Mayenne, son of --- . m AVELINE de Lavardin, daughter of HUGUES de Lavardin & his first wife Helpes ---. The Gesta Ambaziensium names "Avelinam" as the daughter of "vir illustris…Hugo" & his first wife, specifying in a later passage that she married "Sehebrando de Meduana" with Lavardin as her dowry, and that she was the mother of "Salomon"[439]. Sehebrand & his wife had one child:

a) SALOMON de Lavardin (-[1062], bur Lavardin). The Gesta Ambaziensium names "Avelinam" as the daughter of "vir illustris…Hugo" & his first wife, specifying in a later passage that she married "Sehebrando de Meduana" with Lavardin as her dowry, and that she was the mother of "Salomon"[440]. "Odo comes" [Eudes II Comte de Blois] donated the church of Saint-Médard dans le Vendômois to Saint-Martin, with the consent of "Salomon de Labarzinio, Walterius filius Hamelini, Burchardus", by charter dated to [1037], witnessed by "Herveus vicecomes…"[441]. "Salomon et uxor mea Adela" donated the church of Saint-Gilderic on the banks of the river Loir to Marmoutier, with the consent of "filiabus nostris Matilde et Avelina", by charter dated to [1032/60][442]. "Salomon et uxor mea Adela" founded a priory at Lavardin, with the consent of "filiabus nostris Matilde et Avelina", by charter dated to [1037/47], signed by "…Rogerii generis eorum…"[443]. "Salomon de Lavarzino, Marcoardus gener eius…" witnessed the charter dated to [1030/60] under which Geoffroy III "Martel" Comte d´Anjou returned property to Marmoutier at the request of "Tetberge…sorori…Gausfredi [filius Ermenrici]"[444]. The monks of Marmoutier ceded property to "Salomone de Lavarzino et Adela uxore sua", with the consent of "Marcoardo eorum genero et uxore sua", by charter dated to [1034/67][445]. m ADELA, daughter of ---. "Salomon et uxor mea Adela" donated the church of Saint-Gilderic on the banks of the river Loir to Marmoutier, with the consent of "filiabus nostris Matilde et Avelina", by charter dated to [1032/60][446]. "Salomon et uxor mea Adela" founded a priory at Lavardin, with the consent of "filiabus nostris Matilde et Avelina", by charter dated to [1037/47][447]. The monks of Marmoutier ceded property to "Salomone de Lavarzino et Adela uxore sua", with the consent of "Marcoardo eorum genero et uxore sua", by charter dated to [1034/67][448]. Salomon & his wife had [six] children:

i) MATHILDE de Lavardin . "Salomon et uxor mea Adela" donated the church of Saint-Gilderic on the banks of the river Loir to Marmoutier, with the consent of "filiabus nostris Matilde et Avelina", by charter dated to [1032/60][449]. "Salomon et uxor mea Adela" founded a priory at Lavardin, with the consent of "filiabus nostris Matilde et Avelina", by charter dated to [1037/47], signed by "…Rogerii generis eorum…"[450]. The name of Roger´s wife is not stated. However, it is likely that she was the older daughter, named Mathilde in the document. [m ROGER, son of ---.]

ii) EVA de Lavardin (-after [1060]). "Hugo Dublellus archidiaconus et Odo Dublellus frater eius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti-Beati" to La Trinité de Vendôme, in the presence of "Haimerico genero Symonis de Lavarzino", by charter dated 3 Jun 1040[451]. "Hugo Dublellus archidiaconus et Odo Dublellus frater eius" signed the charter dated 1046 which records that "Gauterius…Juvenis" forfeited his holdings from "Salomonis de Lavarzino" who granted them to "Haimerico de Aloia" with "filia sua Eva"[452]. m (1046) AYMERIC d´Alluye, son of ---.

iii) AVELINE de Lavardin (-after 1070). "Salomon et uxor mea Adela" donated the church of Saint-Gilderic on the banks of the river Loir to Marmoutier, with the consent of "filiabus nostris Matilde et Avelina", by charter dated to [1032/60][453]. "Salomon et uxor mea Adela" founded a priory at Lavardin, with the consent of "filiabus nostris Matilde et Avelina", by charter dated to [1037/47][454]. A charter dated to [1060/81] records that "Ingebaldus Brito…uxori eius Hildegardi" unjustly appropriated property which had been donated to Marmoutier, and names "filiis…eorum primogenito Wlgrino…Fulcherio et Paganello…Hugo", witnessed by "Herveo de Lavarzino, Avelina uxore eius…"[455]. A charter dated 1070, which records a claim against Marmoutier by "Gaufredus de Turniaco", is issued "apud Lavarzinum ante Avelinam Salomonis filiam"[456]. Dame de Lavardin. m HERVE de Baugency, son of LANCELIN [I] de Baugency & his wife --- (-after [2 Feb/1 Jun] 1079). Seigneur de Lavardin, de iure uxoris.

iv) BEATRIX de Lavardin . "Haimmericus cognomina Gaimardus de Lavarzino" donated a serf to Marmoutier, with the consent of "sorore mea Beatrix", for the soul of "patris mei Salomonis", by charter dated 1096[457]. "Haimericus Gaimardus Lavarzini dominus" donated mills at Montoire to Marmoutier, with the consent of "Beatrix…ipsius Gaimardi soror", by charter dated to [1101/36][458].

v) MELISENDE de Lavardin . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

vi) [daughter . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated to [1030/60], witnessed by her father "Salomon de Lavarzino, Marcoardus gener eius…", under which Geoffroy III "Martel" Comte d´Anjou returned property to Marmoutier at the request of "Tetberge…sorori…Gausfredi [filius Ermenrici]"[459]. The monks of Marmoutier ceded property to "Salomone de Lavarzino et Adela uxore sua", with the consent of "Marcoardo eorum genero et uxore sua", by charter dated to [1034/67][460]. It is likely that she was one of Salomon´s daughters named above but it is not known which, although the presence of her husband in charters with her father suggests that she may have been one of his older daughters, maybe Eva. m MARCOARD, son of ---.

vii) AYMERIC "Gaymard" de Lavardin (-after [1147]). "Haimmericus cognomina Gaimardus de Lavarzino" donated a serf to Marmoutier, with the consent of "sorore mea Beatrix", for the soul of "patris mei Salomonis", by charter dated 1096[461]. It is assumed that Aymeric was an infant when his father died, which would explain why Hervé de Baugency, his sister´s husband, succeeded as Seigneur de Lavardin. "Gaimardus dominus Lavarzini" donated property to Marmoutier by charter dated to [1097][462]. "Dominus…castri Lavarzini Aimericus…cognomina Gaimardus et Maria uxor eius" donated property to Marmoutier, in order to receive "filio suo Solomone" who was dying, by charter dated to [1100][463]. "Haimericus Gaimardus Lavarzini dominus" donated mills at Montoire to Marmoutier, with the consent of "Beatrix…ipsius Gaimardi soror", by charter dated to [1101/36][464]. [1147/1156]. m firstly AGNES, daughter of ---. m secondly GODEHILDE, daughter of ---. m thirdly MARIE de Preuilly, daughter of GEOFFROY [III] "Jourdan" Seigneur de Preuilly & his wife Euphrosyne de Vendôme (-1155 or after). "Dominus…castri Lavarzini Aimericus…cognomina Gaimardus et Maria uxor eius" donated property to Marmoutier, in order to receive "filio suo Solomone" who was dying, by charter dated to [1100][465]. Aymeric & his third wife had three children:

(a) JEAN de Lavardin . Seigneur de Lavardin. "Johannes de Lavarzino…et Richeldis comitissa soror eius" donated property to La Trinité de Vendôme by charter dated to before 1188[466].

(b) SALOMON de Lavardin (-[1100]). "Dominus…castri Lavarzini Aimericus…cognomina Gaimardus et Maria uxor eius" donated property to Marmoutier, in order to receive "filio suo Solomone" who was dying, by charter dated to [1100][467].

(c) RICHILDE de Lavardin (-24 Sep ----). "Richilda comitissa Vindocinensis" donated property "de Villeriis" to the abbey of La Trinité de Vendôme, with the consent of "Goffridi filii mei", by charter dated to [1147][468]. Her family origin is indicated by the charter dated to before 1185, under which "Wlgrinus miles monacus noster" [son of Ingelbald Briton] donated the mill of "Beto" to La Trinité de Vendôme for the soul of "Petro filio suo quem monacum fecimus", confirmed by "Maria uxor eius et quinque filii eius Goffridus, Herveus, Ingelbaldus, Petrus, Mauricius, et Agnes et Domitilla filie ipsius" and in the presence of "Johannes comes Vindocinensis et Richildis uxor eius, neptis Wlgrini…"[469]. "Johannes de Lavarzino…et Richeldis comitissa soror eius" donated property to La Trinité de Vendôme by charter dated to before 1188[470]. The necrology of Vendôme La Trinité records the death "VIII Kal Oct" of "Richilda comitissa fundatrix infirmarii"[471]. m as his second wife, JEAN Comte de Vendôme, son of GEOFFROY "Grisegonelle" Comte de Vendôme & his wife Mathilde de Châteaudun (-La Charité-sur-Loire [1185]).

(d) MELISENDE de Lavardin . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m NIVELON [II] Seigneur de Fréteval, son of FOUCHER Sire de Fréteval & his wife Hildeburge Goët (-7 Jan [1129 or after]).

Chapter 9. VICOMTES de MAINE et de BEAUMONT-sur-SARTHE

A. VICOMTES de MAINE, VICOMTES de BEAUMONT-sur-SARTHE

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, except where otherwise stated below.

1. RAOUL [I] [de Beaumont] (-after Feb 971). Vicomte [de Maine]. "…Rodulfi vicecomitis…" witnessed the charter dated Mar 967 under which "Girardus" donated property to Tours Saint-Julien[472]. "Hugonis comitis, Hugonis et Fulchonis filiorum eius…Rodulfi vicecomitis…" witnessed the charter dated Feb 971 under which Sigefroid Bishop of Le Mans donated property to Tours Saint-Julien[473].

2. RAOUL [II] de Beaumont (-before 1014). Vicomte de Maine. "Rodulfus Cenomanensium vicecomes" donated two serfs to the abbey of Saint-Florent, Saumur, in the presence of "conjuge mea Widenore et filiis meis Rodulfo, Gosfrido, Ivelino et Huberto" by undated charter, signed by "Ivelini clerici, primogeniti sui, Gosfridi et Rodulfi et Huberti filiorum eius"[474]. m firstly GODEHILDIS, daughter of ---. "Rodulfus…Cenomannus vicecomes…mee bone coniugis Godehelt…filio Rodulfo" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Victeur du Mans by charter dated to [994][475]. It is possible that she was Godehildis de Bellême, widow of Albert [I] de la Ferté-en-Beauce, daughter of Yves de Bellême & his wife Godeholt ---. although the primary source which confirms this has not yet been identified. m secondly GUINOR, daughter of ---. "Rodulfus Cenomanensium vicecomes" donated two serfs to the abbey of Saint-Florent, Saumur, in the presence of "conjuge mea Widenore et filiis meis Rodulfo, Gosfrido, Ivelino et Huberto" by undated charter, signed by "Ivelini clerici, primogeniti sui, Gosfridi et Rodulfi et Huberti filiorum eius"[476]. Raoul [II] & his first wife had three children:

a) YVES de Beaumont . "Rodulfus Cenomanensium vicecomes" donated two serfs to the abbey of Saint-Florent, Saumur, in the presence of "conjuge mea Widenore et filiis meis Rodulfo, Gosfrido, Ivelino et Huberto" by undated charter, signed by "Ivelini clerici, primogeniti sui, Gosfridi et Rodulfi et Huberti filiorum eius"[477]. Archdeacon at Le Mans.

b) RAOUL [III] [Roscelin] de Beaumont (-before 1040). "Rodulfus…Cenomannus vicecomes…mee bone coniugis Godehelt…filio Rodulfo" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Victeur du Mans by charter dated to [994][478]. "Rodulfus Cenomanensium vicecomes" donated two serfs to the abbey of Saint-Florent, Saumur, in the presence of "conjuge mea Widenore et filiis meis Rodulfo, Gosfrido, Ivelino et Huberto" by undated charter, signed by "Ivelini clerici, primogeniti sui, Gosfridi et Rodulfi et Huberti filiorum eius"[479]. Vicomte de Maine. "Hugo Cenomannensis comes" donated property to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel by charter dated 1014, witnessed by "Roscelini vicecomitis, Hameli de Leido Castello, Haymonis de Medano, Herberti fratris comitis, Droci filii Milonis, Odilarii Drudi"[480]. Latouche suggests that "Roscelinus" was a diminutive form of "Rodulfus" and that this person must be the same person as Raoul [III] or Raoul [IV][481]. This appears to be correct as his son Geoffroy is named "filius Roscelini vicecomitis". If it is correct, it is more likely that the charter refers to Raoul [IV]. "…Radulphi vicecomitis, Odonis fratris eius…" witnessed the charter dated to [1010] under which "Gaufridus de Sabolio" founded the priory of Solesmes[482]. m (after 997) EREMBURGIS, daughter of IVES --- (-1 Jan before 1049). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. She became a nun at Cluny. Raoul [III] & his wife had two children:

i) RAOUL [IV] de Beaumont (-[11 Jun] [after 1070]). His parentage is confirmed by reading together the two documents which firstly confirm that Geoffroy was the son of "Roscelini vicecomitis"[483] and secondly name "…Gaufridi fratris Radulfi vicecomitis…"[484]. Vicomte de Maine.

- see below.

ii) GEOFFROY de Beaumont (-before 1096). "Gaufridus filius Roscelini vicecomitis" sold "ecclesias de Sogona" to Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated to [1060][485]. "Hugo de Braietello" donated "ecclesiam…in…Sanctæ Trinitatis in parochial Sancti Celerini", now called "ex nomine patris mei…Capella Guillelmi", to Marmoutier, with the consent of "uxore sua Erma", by charter dated to [1064/76], which also records the donation by "Gaufredus gener suus et Hervisa filia eiusdem Hugonis, uxor Gauffredi"[486]. "…Gaufridi fratris Radulfi vicecomitis…" consented to the purchase of "ecclesiam Sancti Petri que dicitur Curtis Laboris" by Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated to [1050/60][487].

- SIRES de BRAITEL.

c) GEOFFROY de Sablé (-after [1015]). "Rodulfus Cenomanensium vicecomes" donated two serfs to the abbey of Saint-Florent, Saumur, in the presence of "conjuge mea Widenore et filiis meis Rodulfo, Gosfrido, Ivelino et Huberto" by undated charter, signed by "Ivelini clerici, primogeniti sui, Gosfridi et Rodulfi et Huberti filiorum eius"[488]. The chronology of the documents associated with this family suggest that Geoffroy must have been born from his father´s first marriage: his father´s first wife is named in a document dated to [994] (see above) and Geoffroy must presumably have been adult when he issued the charter dated to [1010]. "Gaufridus de Sabolio" founded the priory of Solesmes, confirmed by "Adelays uxor mea et filius noster Drogo", by charter dated to [1010], signed by "…Radulphi vicecomitis, Odonis fratris eius…"[489].

- SIRES de SABLE.

Raoul [III] & his [first/second] wife had three children:

d) HUBERT de Beaumont . "Rodulfus Cenomanensium vicecomes" donated two serfs to the abbey of Saint-Florent, Saumur, in the presence of "conjuge mea Widenore et filiis meis Rodulfo, Gosfrido, Ivelino et Huberto" by undated charter, signed by "Ivelini clerici, primogeniti sui, Gosfridi et Rodulfi et Huberti filiorum eius"[490].

e) EUDES de Beaumont . "…Radulphi vicecomitis, Odonis fratris eius…" witnessed the charter dated to [1010] under which "Gaufridus de Sabolio" founded the priory of Solesmes[491].

f) ODELINE [Emmeline] de Beaumont . Dame de Basoges et de Sainte-Christine. The Gesta Ambaziensium names "Odelinam filiam Radulfi vicecomitis de Sancto Susanna" as the second wife of "vir illustris…Hugo", specifying that her dowry was "Basogerium oppidum et terram Sanctæ Christinæ"[492]. m as his second wife, HUGUES de Lavardin, son of ---.

RAOUL [IV] de Beaumont, son of RAOUL [III] de Beaumont Vicomte de Maine & his wife Eremburgis --- (-[11 Jun] [after 1070]). His parentage is confirmed by reading together the two documents which firstly confirm that Geoffroy was the son of "Roscelini vicecomitis"[493] and secondly name "…Gaufridi fratris Radulfi vicecomitis…"[494]. Vicomte de Beaumont-sur-Sarthe, de Grand-Montevrault et du Lude. Vicomte de Maine. Seigneur de Preuilly. "Radulfo vicecomite, Guillelmo vicecomite, Erfredo vicecomite, Herveo vicecomite de Bleso…" witnessed a charter dated 1039 which records that "miles…Walterius…filius Hamelini de Lingaiis" was sentenced to relinquish property held from Geoffroy II "Martel" Comte d´Anjou for having killed "cognatum predicti comitis…Mauricium", Comte Geoffroy donating the property to La Trinité de Vendôme[495]. "Radulfus vicecomes" donated "la foire de Notre-Dame" to La Trinité de Vendôme by charter dated to after 1070, witnessed by "Goffridus de Chamiliaco frater Berengarii…Tetbertus telonearius, Fulbertus teleonarius, Hubertus filius eius…"[496]. Although Hubert is named eighth in the list of witnesses, it is likely that "filius eius" applies to the donor not to the person whose name precedes Hubert´s in the list. If this is correct, the donor was Vicomte Raoul [IV]. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "III Id Jun" of "Radulphus vicecomes"[497], although it is not known to which Vicomte Raoul this refers.

m firstly (before 3 Mar 1048) EMME de Montevrault Dame du Lude, daughter of ETIENNE de Montevrault {Grand-Montrevault, Cholet, Maine-et-Loire} & his wife Adelberge de Vendôme (-12 Sep 1058, bur Saint-Serge d'Angers). "Radulfus vicecomes cum uxore sua Amelina" sold the church of Luché to Saint-Aubin d'Angers by charter dated to [1057][498]. The necrology of Angers Cathedral records the death "II Id Sep" of "Emma vicecomitissa Cenomanensis neptis Huberti episcopi"[499].

m secondly CANA, daughter of GELDUIN Seigneur de Pontlevoie & his wife ---. [1060]. She is named as the mother of Savari by Orderic Vitalis, without giving her origin or the name of her husband[500]. It is possible that this is the same person as Cana, daughter of Gelduin Seigneur de Saumur & his [first] wife Gerberge du Perche, who is recorded in the Gesta Ambaziensium which names "Gosfridum…Puella vocatus…sororem Chanam" as children of "Gelduinus vir nobilis ex genere Danorum", specifying that Cana married "Frangalo Filgeriarum dominus" and had many sons and daughters[501]. If this is correct, her marriage to Vicomte Raoul would probably have been her second marriage. "Radulfus vicecomes et Cana eius uxor" witnessed the charter dated to [1060] by which "Robertus filius Frogerii" donated "terram de Mosteriolo" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for "fratre suo Geroico", with the consent of "Gaufridus frater vicecomitis"[502].

Raoul [IV] & his first wife had three children:

1. HUBERT de Beaumont (-5 Dec before 1095). His parentage is confirmed by reading together the documents which confirm that Geoffroy was the son of "Roscelini vicecomitis"[503] and which name Geoffroy as "patruus" of "Hubertus vicecomes"[504]. "Hucberto filio Radulfi vicecomitis de Lusdo" withdrew his claim to the church of Luché to Saint-Aubin d'Angers by charter dated to [1062], signed by "Radulfus ipse, pater eius…et Fulco de Vindocino"[505]. "Hubertus filius Rodulfi vicecomitis" is listed in a charter dated 1065 as one of the sellers of property to Marmoutier[506]. "Radulfus vicecomes" donated "la foire de Notre-Dame" to La Trinité de Vendôme by charter dated to after 1070, witnessed by "Goffridus de Chamiliaco frater Berengarii…Tetbertus telonearius, Fulbertus teleonarius, Hubertus filius eius…"[507]. Although Hubert is named eighth in the list of witnesses, it is likely that "filius eius" applies to the donor not to the person whose name precedes Hubert´s in the list. If this is correct, the donor was Vicomte Raoul [IV]. Vicomte de Maine. Vicomte de Beaumont. "Huberti vicecomitis, Gaufridi avunculi sui…" witnessed a charter dated to [1067/69] which records a donation by "Willelmus cognomento Osoenus" to Saint-Vincent du Mans[508]. "Hubertus vicecomes" donated "capellam…Sancti Floscelli martiris…in urbe Cenomannica" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for the souls of "uxoris Ermengardis et filiorum suorum Radulfi, Huberti atque Guillelmi", by charter dated to [1080/95], recorded as being three days before "vicecomes in Angliam terram" went, witnessed by "uxor eius Armengardis et filii eorum Radulfus, Hubertus atque Willelmus, Goffridus suus patruus…", and adding that "post mortem patris in tempore quadragesimo…Radulfus cum matre Ermingarde et fratre Huberto Cennomannis" confirmed the donation[509]. Orderic Vitalis records that he quarrelled with William I King of England after 1083, abandoned his castles of Beaumont-le-Vicomte and Fresnay-sur-Sarthe, and withdrew with his wife to the castle of Sainte-Suzanne where he was besieged by the king "for three years"[510]. "Hucbertus…Cenomannensium vicecomes" confirmed the possession of the chapel of Saint-Aubin at Lude by the abbey of Saint-Aubin d´Angers, with the consent of "Hermengardis vicecomitisse, Radulfi, Herberti, Guillelmi, Dionisii", by charter dated to [1090][511]. m (6 Dec 1067) ERMENGARDE de Nevers, daughter of GUILLAUME I Comte de Nevers & his wife Ermengarde Ctss de Tonnerre (-[14 Oct 1090/1095]). "Hubertus vicecomes" donated "capellam…Sancti Floscelli martiris…in urbe Cenomannica" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for the souls of "uxoris Ermengardis et filiorum suorum Radulfi, Huberti atque Guillelmi", by charter dated to [1080/95], witnessed by "uxor eius Armengardis et filii eorum Radulfus, Hubertus atque Willelmus, Goffridus suus patruus…", and adding that "post mortem patris in tempore quadragesimo…Radulfus cum matre Ermingarde et fratre Huberto Cennomannis" confirmed the donation[512]. Orderic Vitalis records that Hubert was son-in-law of Guillaume Comte de Nevers by Orderic Vitalis, although he does not name his wife[513]. "Hucbertus…Cenomannensium vicecomes" confirmed the possession of the chapel of Saint-Aubin at Lude by the abbey of Saint-Aubin d´Angers, with the consent of "Hermengardis vicecomitisse, Radulfi, Herberti, Guillelmi, Dionisii", by charter dated to [1090][514]. Hubert & his wife had five children:

a) RAOUL [VI] de Beaumont (-14 Jan [1120/25], bur Etival). "Hubertus vicecomes" donated "capellam…Sancti Floscelli martiris…in urbe Cenomannica" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for the souls of "uxoris Ermengardis et filiorum suorum Radulfi, Huberti atque Guillelmi", by charter dated to [1080/95], witnessed by "uxor eius Armengardis et filii eorum Radulfus, Hubertus atque Willelmus, Goffridus suus patruus…", and adding that "post mortem patris in tempore quadragesimo…Radulfus cum matre Ermingarde et fratre Huberto Cennomannis" confirmed the donation[515]. Vicomte de Beaumont, de Fresnay et de Sainte-Suzanne.

- see below.

b) HUBERT de Beaumont . "Hubertus vicecomes" donated "capellam…Sancti Floscelli martiris…in urbe Cenomannica" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for the souls of "uxoris Ermengardis et filiorum suorum Radulfi, Huberti atque Guillelmi", by charter dated to [1080/95], witnessed by "uxor eius Armengardis et filii eorum Radulfus, Hubertus atque Willelmus, Goffridus suus patruus…", and adding that "post mortem patris in tempore quadragesimo…Radulfus cum matre Ermingarde et fratre Huberto Cennomannis" confirmed the donation[516]. "Hucbertus…Cenomannensium vicecomes" confirmed the possession of the chapel of Saint-Aubin at Lude by the abbey of Saint-Aubin d´Angers, with the consent of "Hermengardis vicecomitisse, Radulfi, Herberti, Guillelmi, Dionisii", by charter dated to [1090][517].

c) GUILLAUME de Beaumont (-[1090/95]). "Hucbertus…Cenomannensium vicecomes" confirmed the possession of the chapel of Saint-Aubin at Lude by the abbey of Saint-Aubin d´Angers, with the consent of "Hermengardis vicecomitisse, Radulfi, Herberti, Guillelmi, Dionisii", by charter dated to [1090][518]. "Hubertus vicecomes" donated "capellam…Sancti Floscelli martiris…in urbe Cenomannica" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for the souls of "uxoris Ermengardis et filiorum suorum Radulfi, Huberti atque Guillelmi", by charter dated to [1080/95], witnessed by "uxor eius Armengardis et filii eorum Radulfus, Hubertus atque Willelmus, Goffridus suus patruus…", and adding that "post mortem patris in tempore quadragesimo…Radulfus cum matre Ermingarde et fratre Huberto Cennomannis" confirmed the donation[519]. Guillaume´s absence from the confirmation suggests that he had predeceased his father.

d) DENIS de Beaumont . "Hucbertus…Cenomannensium vicecomes" confirmed the possession of the chapel of Saint-Aubin at Lude by the abbey of Saint-Aubin d´Angers, with the consent of "Hermengardis vicecomitisse, Radulfi, Herberti, Guillelmi, Dionisii", by charter dated to [1090][520].

e) GODEHILDIS de Beaumont (-13 Apr ----). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Abbess of Etival 1109. Nun at Cluny.

2. RAOUL [V] "Payen" de Beaumont (-1095 or after). A charter dated 1071 records that "Radulfus vicecomes filius vicecomitis Radulfi de Lusdio" took property from Marmoutier and that he and "ipse uxor sua Agathes" were paid not to take more[521]. Vicomte de Lude, Vicomte de Montevrault. "Radulfus vicecomes et uxor eius Agatha" witnessed the charter dated to [1077] which records the settlement of a dispute between La Trinité de Vendôme and "Herveo castelli Lavarzini domino"[522]. "Radulfus vicecomes" confirmed donations in his fief to La Trinité de Vendôme, with the consent of "Agatha uxore sua, filia Fulconis comitis Vindocinensis", by charter dated 5 Jan 1079[523]. A charter dated 28 Oct 1084 records the reparations made by "comes Burchardus filius Fulconis Vindocinensis" to La Trinité de Vendôme for a judgment against the abbey, witnessed by "Radulfus vicecomes, Fulcherius de Fractavalle, Paganus de Montedublello…"[524]. m (before 1071) AGATHA de Vendôme, daughter of FOULQUES Comte de Vendôme & his wife Pétronille de Château-Renard. A charter dated 1071 records that "Radulfus vicecomes filius vicecomitis Radulfi de Lusdio" took property from Marmoutier and that he and "ipse uxor sua Agathes" were paid not to take more[525]. "Radulfus vicecomes et uxor eius Agatha" witnessed the charter dated to [1077] which records the settlement of a dispute between La Trinité de Vendôme and "Herveo castelli Lavarzini domino"[526]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 5 Jan 1079 under which her husband "Radulfus vicecomes" confirmed donations in his fief to La Trinité de Vendôme, with the consent of "Agatha uxore sua, filia Fulconis comitis Vindocinensis"[527]. "Radulfus vicecomes" donated the church of St Nicholas built at his castle of Montrevault to the cathedral of Angers St Maurice, with the consent of "uxore mea Agatha et filiis meis Fulchone, Radulfo, Burchardo", by charter dated 15/29 Jul 1095[528]. Raoul [V] & his wife had three children:

a) FOULQUES de Beaumont . "Radulfus vicecomes" donated the church of St Nicholas built at his castle of Montrevault to the cathedral of Angers St Maurice, with the consent of "uxore mea Agatha et filiis meis Fulchone, Radulfo, Burchardo", by charter dated 15/29 Jul 1095[529]. 1086. Vicomte de Montevrault. Brenner suggests[530] that he was the same person as Folke "den Digre" Jarl in Sweden, although the latter is named "Fulko grossus, son of Ingewaldus, son of Fulko Fölbythe the pagan" in a 14^th century genealogy compiled at Varnem Abbey[531]. m ---. The name of Foulques's wife is not known. Foulques & his wife had one child:

i) ROSCELIN de Beaumont . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Vicomte de Montevrault. m PERNELLE de Beaupréau, daughter of OURI de Beaupréau & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

b) RAOUL de Beaumont . "Radulfus vicecomes" donated the church of St Nicholas built at his castle of Montrevault to the cathedral of Angers St Maurice, with the consent of "uxore mea Agatha et filiis meis Fulchone, Radulfo, Burchardo", by charter dated 15/29 Jul 1095[532].

c) BOUCHARD de Beaumont . "Radulfus vicecomes" donated the church of St Nicholas built at his castle of Montrevault to the cathedral of Angers St Maurice, with the consent of "uxore mea Agatha et filiis meis Fulchone, Radulfo, Burchardo", by charter dated 15/29 Jul 1095[533].

3. --- de Beaumont . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the second wife of Guillaume Talvas was the daughter of "Raoul vicomte de Beaumont" but does not name her[534]. m as his second wife, GUILLAUME [II] "Talvas" Sire d'Alençon, son of GUILLAUME [I] "Talvas" Sire d'Alençon & his wife --- .

Raoul [V] & his second wife had one child:

4. SAVARY FitzCana de Beaumont ([1065/70]-). He is named as son of Cana by Orderic Vitalis[535]. "…Savaricus filius vicecomitis Radulfi…" witnessed a charter dated to [1067/80] relating to the donation by "Johannes de Guirchia" of "ecclesia sancti Cornelli de Banniolo" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans[536]. "Savericus filius Cane…" witnessed a charter dated to [1087/94] under which Robert son of William I King of England donated property to Holy Trinity, Caen[537]. Of Midhurst and Easebourne, Sussex. m MURIEL de Méry, daughter of RICHARD Seigneur de Bohon & his wife Lucie ---. "Savaric son of Cana and Muriel his wife" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Sees by charter dated to [1105], witnessed by "…Radulfus et Savarico filii ipsius Savarici"[538]. Savari & his wife had four children:

a) RADULF FitzSavary (-before 1157[539]). "Savaric son of Cana and Muriel his wife" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Sees by charter dated to [1105], witnessed by "…Radulfus et Savarico filii ipsius Savarici"[540]. Of Midhurst and Easebourne, Sussex. “Radulfus filius Savari…” subscribed the undated charter under which “Wilielmus Cicestriæ comes” donated property “ecclesiæ de Bisintona quam Radulphus de Haia dedit ecclesiæ sanctæ Trinitatis” to Boxgrove Priory, dated the day “ipse Radulphus” was betrothed to “uxorem suam Olivam sororem…meam”[541]. m [AGNES de Albini, daughter of WILLIAM Earl of Arundel & his wife Adelisa de Louvain]. Domesday Descendants records that William Earl of Arundel donated property to Boxgrove Priory for the soul of Agnes, wife of Radulf FitzSavaric, by charter dated [1173] which does not specify the relationship between the two[542]. Considering that she gave birth to a daughter before her husband's death before 1157, Agnes was probably the first child of her parents, assuming that William 1st Earl of Arundel was her father. Radulf & his wife had one child:

i) AGATHA (-young). William Earl of Arundel and his wife Queen Adelisa made a grant to Wymondham Priory for her soul[543].

b) SAVARY FitzSavary (-[1157/68]). "Savaric son of Cana and Muriel his wife" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Sees by charter dated to [1105], witnessed by "…Radulfus et Savarico filii ipsius Savarici"[544]. He succeeded in 1180 to the estates of his maternal uncle Engelger Seigneur de Bohon[545] and became Seigneur de Bohon. Of Ford, Sussex.

c) GELDUIN FitzSavary (-before 1187). Of Midhurst, Easebourne and Hustington, Sussex. m ESTRANGIA, daughter of ---, "a Burgundian related to the German kings"[546]. Gelduin & his wife had two children:

i) FRANCO de Bohun . His descendants were the BOHUN family of Midhurst, Ford and Hustington in Sussex, which is set out in Europäische Stammtafeln[547]. The family became extinct in the senior male line in 1492 and in a junior male line (the Bohun family of Westhall, Suffolk) in 1780.

ii) SAVARIC . Bishop of Bath and Wells.

d) LUCY . She is named as third wife of Robert de Grantmesnil by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father and paternal grandmother [548]. m as his third wife, ROBERT de Grantmesnil, son of HUGUES de Grantmesnil & his wife Adelisa [Aelis] de Beaumont-sur-Oise (-1 Jun [1136], bur Saint-Evroul).

RAOUL [VI] de Beaumont, son of HUBERT Vicomte de Maine et de Beaumont & his wife Ermengarde de Nevers (-14 Jan [1120/25], bur Etival). "Hubertus vicecomes" donated "capellam…Sancti Floscelli martiris…in urbe Cenomannica" to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for the souls of "uxoris Ermengardis et filiorum suorum Radulfi, Huberti atque Guillelmi", by charter dated to [1080/95], witnessed by "uxor eius Armengardis et filii eorum Radulfus, Hubertus atque Willelmus, Goffridus suus patruus…", and adding that "post mortem patris in tempore quadragesimo…Radulfus cum matre Ermingarde et fratre Huberto Cennomannis" confirmed the donation[549]. "Hucbertus…Cenomannensium vicecomes" confirmed the possession of the chapel of Saint-Aubin at Lude by the abbey of Saint-Aubin d´Angers, with the consent of "Hermengardis vicecomitisse, Radulfi, Herberti, Guillelmi, Dionisii", by charter dated to [1090][550]. Vicomte de Beaumont, de Fresnay et de Sainte-Suzanne. "Radulfus vicecomes" restored "canonicatum Frederniaci castri" to Angers Saint-Aubin by charter dated to [1082/1107][551]. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "R[adulfus] vicecomes Bellimontis"[552].

m (1095) --- de Laval, daughter of [GUY [II] Sire de Laval] & his [first/second] wife [---/Denise de Mortain]. A charter of the monks of Saint-Vincent du Mans dated 24 May 1095 records the donation by "bonæ memoriæ Huberti vicecomitis…filius…Radulfus", adding that this was the year in which he married "sororem Widonis de Valle"[553]. In that year Guy [II] is recorded as sire de Laval. However, he would then have been too old to have had a sister of marriageable age, assuming that the 11 Nov 1039 charter in which he is named is correctly dated. It is therefore more likely that the wife of Raoul [VII] Vicomte de Maine was the daughter not sister of Guy [II]. It is also possible that the charter in question was written later than 1095. If that is correct, Guy [III] may by then have been sire de Laval and Raoul´s wife could have been described as "sororem Widonis de Valle" to indicate the current sire de Laval rather than the sire de Laval when she married. If Raoul´s wife was the daughter of Guy [II], she must have been born from either his first or second marriage.

Raoul [VI] & his wife had six children:

1. ROSCELIN de Beaumont (-[1176]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He succeeded his father as Vicomte de Beaumont. "Roscelinus vicecomes Bellimontis…cum Radulpho fratre suo" donated revenue from a mill to the abbey of Saint-Aubin d´Angers, for "filiis suis Richardo et Guillelmo", by charter dated 1156[554]. m CONSTANCE [Mathilde], illegitimate daughter of HENRY I King of England & his mistress ---. Robert of Torigny names "Mathildem filiam notham primi Henrici regis Anglorum" as wife of "Roscelini vicecomitis Cenomannensis"[555]. Orderic Vitalis records the marriage of Roscelin Vicomte du Mans and Constance illegitimate daughter of King Henry I[556]. "Roscelinus vicecomes Cenomannis et Sancte Susanne" donated property to Cluny with the approval of "Constancia vicecomitissa" by charter[557]. Roscelin & his wife had four children:

a) RICHARD [I] de Beaumont (-after 1199, bur Etival). Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…et Guillermum" as children of "Roscelini vicecomitis Cenomannensis" & his wife[558]. "Roscelinus vicecomes Bellimontis…cum Radulpho fratre suo" donated revenue from a mill to the abbey of Saint-Aubin d´Angers, for "filiis suis Richardo et Guillelmo", by charter dated 1156[559]. "Roscelinus vicecomes Cenomannis et Sancte Suzanne" donated "basilicam de Ponto Novo…supra Sartam" to Cluny by charter dated [1161/72] which names "Ricardus filius eius"[560]. He succeeded his father as Vicomte de Beaumont. "Ricardus vicecomes Sancte Susanne" granted rights to the hospice of Raillon, with the consent of "Lucie uxoris mee et Radulfi filii mei", by charter dated to [1165/77][561]. m (before 1177) LUCIE de Laigle, daughter of RICHER [II] de Seigneur de Laigle & his wife --- (-1 Apr after 1217). "Ricardus vicecomes Sancte Susanne" granted rights to the hospice of Raillon, with the consent of "Lucie uxoris mee et Radulfi filii mei", by charter dated to [1165/77][562]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Radulfus vicecomes Sancte Suzanne" donated the chapel of Raillon to the abbey of Angers Saint-Aubin, for the soul of "patris mei Richardi", with the consent of "matre mea Lucia vicecomitissa", by charter dated to [1200][563]. "Lucia vicecomitissa Sancte Suzanne" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe for the soul of "domini R viri mei" with the consent of "R vicecomitis Belli Montis filii sui" by charter dated 1208[564]. The necrology of Notre-Dame-de-Beauport records the death "Kal Apr" of "matris prime uxoris comitis Alani fundatoris nostri" [Alain [I] d´Avaugour, husband of Lucie´s daughter Petronille, see below][565]. Richard [I] & his wife had seven children:

i) RAOUL [VII] de Beaumont (-13 Apr [1238/39]). "Ricardus vicecomes Sancte Susanne" granted rights to the hospice of Raillon, with the consent of "Lucie uxoris mee et Radulfi filii mei", by charter dated to [1165/77][566]. Vicomte de Beaumont et de Sainte-Suzanne. "Radulfus vicecomes Sancte Suzanne" granted rights to the hospice of Raillon by charter dated to [1200][567]. "Radulfus vicecomes Sancte Suzanne" donated the chapel of Raillon to the abbey of Angers Saint-Aubin, for the soul of "patris mei Richardi", with the consent of "matre mea Lucia vicecomitissa", by charter dated to [1200][568]. "Lucia vicecomitissa Sancte Suzanne" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe for the soul of "domini R viri mei" with the consent of "R vicecomitis Belli Montis filii sui" by charter dated 1208[569]. The necrology of Angers Cathedral records the death "Id Apr" of "Radulphus vicecomes de Bellomonte frater Guillelmi…episcopi Andegavensis"[570]. m (before 1212) AGNES, daughter of --- (-30 Aug before 1218, bur Etival). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Raoul [VII] & his wife had four children:

(a) RAOUL de Beaumont (-young). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

(b) RICHARD [II] de Beaumont (-17 Sep 1242). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur de Chaumont et de Montrichard 1222. Sire d'Amboise 1228. Vicomte de Beaumont-sur-Sarthe et de Sainte-Suzanne 1235. m ([11/30] Apr 1221) MATHILDE d'Amboise Dame d'Amboise et de Montrichard, daughter of SULPICE [IV] Sire d'Amboise & his wife Isabelle de Blois Ctss de Chartresd (-12 May 1256). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Ctss de Chartres 1250. She married secondly as his second wife, Jean de Nesle Comte de Soissons, who succeeded as Comte de Chartres, Sire d'Amboise.

(c) GUILLAUME de Beaumont (-[1241/42]). "Guillelmus de Bello Monte miles" confirmed the donation by "Rodulphus vicecomes Belli Montis pater meus" to the abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Cour du Mans by charter dated to 12 Aug 1237[571].

(d) AGNES de Beaumont (-28 Nov after 1304, bur Etival). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Heiress of Beaumont. m (12 Feb 1253) LOUIS de Brienne dit d'Acre, son of JEAN de Brienne King of Jerusalem & his third wife Infanta doña Berenguela de Castilla y León (-1285). He succeeded as Vicomte de Beaumont-en-Maine, de iure uxoris.

ii) GUILLAUME de Beaumont (-2 Sep 1240). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop of Angers 1202.

iii) RICHARD de Beaumont (-before 1202, bur Marmoutier). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

iv) GEOFFROY de Beaumont . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

v) CONSTANCE de Beaumont (-2 Oct 1236 or after). The necrology of Angers Cathedral records the death "VI Non Oct" of "Constantia de Togné soror Guillelmi de Bellomonte episcopi nostri et mater Richardi de Togné thesaurarius nostri"[572]. m (before 22 Sep 1199) ROGER [IV] Seigneur de Tosny, son of RAOUL [V] Seigneur de Tosny & his wife Marguerite de Beaumont of Leicester (-after 29 Dec 1208).

vi) ERMENGARDE de Beaumont (-11 Feb 1233, bur Balmerino Abbey, Fife). Benedict of Peterborough records that "Ricardus vicecomes de Bellomonte et uxor sua…filiam" brought their daughter to be married to "Willelmo regis Scotiæ" at "Wdestoke Non Sep…1186"[573]. The Chronicle of Melrose records the marriage in 1186 of "William king of the Scots" and "a relation of Henry king of England…Ermengarda…daughter of the count of Beaumont who was the son of the daughter of the elder son of William the Bastard"[574]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun (Continuator - Annals) records the death of "Queen Ermengarde" in 1233 and her burial at "the abbey of St Edward of Balmurinath"[575]. m (Woodstock Palace, Oxford 5 Sep 1186) WILLIAM "the Lion" King of Scotland, son of HENRY of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland & his wife Ada de Warenne (1143-Stirling 4 Dec 1214, bur Arbroath Abbey).

vii) PETRONILLE de Beaumont (-19 Aug [1203]). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. "Alanus Henrici comitis filius" founded the abbey of Saint-Rion, with the consent of "P. uxoris mee, Ste. et Con. fratrum meorum", by charter dated to [1184/86][576]. "Alanus Henrici comitis filius" confirmed the privileges of Saint-Rion by charter dated 1189, signed by "…domina Petronilla uxor domoini Alani, Alienor sponsa domini Conani"[577]. "Alanus, dominus de Goellou, Henrici comitis filius" founded the abbey of Notre-Dame-de-Beauport, for the souls of "Henrici comitis patris mei et Mathildis matris mee…", with the consent of "P. uxoris mee et Stephani et Conani fratrum meorum", by charter dated 1202[578]. The necrology of Notre-Dame-de-Beauport records the death "XIV Kal Aug" of "Petronille comitisse; Merhaute prime uxoris fundatoris nostri"[579]. m (before 1186) ALAIN [I] d'Avaugour Comte de Tréguier et de Penthièvre, son of HENRI de Bretagne Comte de Tréguier & his wife Mathilde de Vendôme (-29 Dec 1212).

b) GUILLAUME de Beaumont . Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…et Guillermum" as children of "Roscelini vicecomitis Cenomannensis" & his wife[580]. "Roscelinus vicecomes Bellimontis…cum Radulpho fratre suo" donated revenue from a mill to the abbey of Saint-Aubin d´Angers, for "filiis suis Richardo et Guillelmo", by charter dated 1156[581]. m --- de Rieux, daughter and heiress of ROLAND de Rieux & his wife ---. Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…et Guillermum" as children of "Roscelini vicecomitis Cenomannensis" & his wife, stating that Henry II King of England arranged the marriage of Guillaume and "in Brittania filiam Rolandi de Reus cum terra ipsius"[582].

c) RAOUL de Beaumont (-13 Mar 1197). Robert of Torigny records that "Radulfus frater vicecomitis de Bello Monte cognatus germanus Henrici regis Anglorum" was elected Bishop of Angers in 1179[583]. Bishop of Angers 1177. The necrology of Angers Cathedral records the death "III Id Mar" of "Radulphus de Bellomonte…Andegavensis episcopus"[584].

d) CONSTANCE de Beaumont . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. 1194.

2. RAOUL de Beaumont (-after 1156). "Roscelinus vicecomes Bellimontis…cum Radulpho fratre suo" donated revenue from a mill to the abbey of Saint-Aubin d´Angers, for "filiis suis Richardo et Guillelmo", by charter dated 1156[585].

3. GERVAIS de Beaumont . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1112.

4. GODEHILDIS de Beaumont . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Nun at La Charité.

5. TIPHANIE de Beaumont . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. 1154/1160. Abbess of La Charité.

6. GUILLAUME de Beaumont . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1163.

B. VICOMTES de BEAUMONT (BRIENNE)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

LOUIS de Brienne "d'Acre", son of JEAN de Brienne King of Jerusalem & his third wife Infanta doña Berenguela de Castilla y León (-1285 or after 1 Sep 1297). The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records in 1244 that Jean Emperor of Constantinople sent "ses trios fils, Alphonse, Jean et Louis, encore enfants" to Louis IX King of France[586]. He succeeded as Vicomte de Beaumont-en-Maine, de iure uxoris.

m (12 Feb 1253) AGNES de Beaumont, daughter of RAOUL [VIII] Vicomte de Beaumont-au-Maine & his wife Agnes (-28 Nov after 1304, bur Etival). Heiress of Beaumont.

Louis & his wife had seven children:

1. JEAN de Beaumont (-1306, bur Etival). m firstly (26 Sep 1285) JEANNE de la Guerche, daughter of GEOFFROY Seigneur de la Guerche & his wife Emma Dame de Château-Gonthier (-after 19 Jan 1290). Dame de la Guerche, de Pouance, et de Château-Gonthier. m secondly (contract 22 Jun 1305) as her second husband, MARIE [Mathilde] Berthout Dame de Chantocé, widow of MAURICE [VI] Sire de Craon, daughter of GAUTHIER [VII] Berthout Seigneur de Malines [Mechelen] & his wife Marie d'Auvergne (-28 Sep 1306, bur Angers). Jean & his first wife had four children:

- VICOMTES de BEAUMONT[587].

2. LOUIS de Beaumont (-25 Sep 1333). "Ludovicus filius vicecomitis Bellimontis" took possession of a house in the chapter of the bishopric of Mans 27 Aug 1281[588]. Bishop of Durham.

3. MARGUERITE de Brienne (-9 Apr 1328, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Marguerite la fille de Louis de Beaumont" as wife of Prince Bohémond[589]. The marriage contract between "Boemundi VII principis Antiocheni et comitis Tripolitani" and "domicella Margarita filia quondam Lodoyci vicecomitis Bellimontis, filii quondam regis Johannis Hierosolymitani" is recorded in the charter dated 20 Jan 1278 at "castro Ovi prope Neapolim"[590]. The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "V Id Apr" of "domina Margareta de Beaumont quondam Antiochie principissa"[591]. m (contract Naples 2 Jan 1278) BOHEMOND VII Count of Tripoli and titular Prince of Antioch, son of BOHEMOND VI Prince of Antioch & his wife Sibylle of Armenia (1260-19 Oct 1287).

4. MARIE (-18 Mar 1328 or 13 Mar 1339, bur Guingamp). The necrology of Notre-Dame-de-Beauport records the death "XV Kal Apr" in 1328 of "Marie de Baumont uxoris domini Henrici d´Avalgor filii Alani fundatoris nostri"[592]. m (before 27 Apr 1283) HENRI [III] d'Avaugour Seigneur de Mayenne, son of ALAIN d'Avaugour Baron de Mayenne Vicomte de Dinan & his wife Clémence de Dinan (-11 Feb or Nov 1301, bur Dinan).

5. ISABELLE (-before 1 Nov 1334). “Henry de Bello Monte Earl of Buchan [Boghane] and Murref and Constable of Scotland and Isabella, who was the wife of Dom. John de Vescy” issued an undated charter which recites earlier donations to Bridlington priory[593]. m ([3 Jan 1279/26 Dec 1280]) as his second wife, JOHN de Vescy Lord of Alnwick, son of WILLIAM de Vescy & his second wife Agnes de Ferrers of Derby (18 Jul 1244-Montpellier 10 Feb 1289, bur Alnwick Abbey).

6. JEANNE (-1323, bur Abbaye de Clermont). m (contract 11 Nov 1286) GUY [VII] Sire de Laval Conte di Caserta [Montmorency] (-L'Isle-Jourdain 22 Aug 1295).

7. HENRY de Beaumont (-before 10 Mar 1340). Lord Beaumont 1309. Constable of England 1322. He was summoned to parliament in England in 1334 as Earl of Buchan, although this was never recognised in Scotland. “Henry de Bello Monte Earl of Buchan [Boghane] and Murref and Constable of Scotland and Isabella, who was the wife of Dom. John de Vescy” issued an undated charter which recites earlier donations to Bridlington priory[594]. m (before 14 Mar 1310) ALICE Comyn, daughter of ALEXANDER Comyn & his wife Joan --- (-1349 before 10 Aug).

- LORDS BEAUMONT, VISCOUNTS BEAUMONT[595].

Chapter 10. SEIGNEURS de MAYENNE

The undated charter quoted below records that the castle of Ma yenne was granted to Geoffroy by Foulques III "Nerra" Comte d´Anjou, therefore before the count´s death in 1040.

1. HAMON, son of --- (-after 1014). "Hugo Cenomannensis comes" donated property to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel by charter dated 1014, witnessed by "Roscelini vicecomitis, Hameli de Leido Castello, Haymonis de Medano, Herberti fratris comitis, Droci filii Milonis, Odilarii Drudi"[596]. m ---. The name of Hamon´s wife is not known. Hamon & his wife had one child:

a) GEOFFROY [I] de Mayenne . "Gaufridus, Haimonis filius" approved the donation by "Cleopas, Malranni de Noviastro filius" to Saint-Vincent du Mans "in foreste sua de Burceio", adding that he had received "castrum Medane" from "Fulconis Andegavini comitis"[597], which dates this charter to before 1040. Seigneur de Mayenne. m ---. The name of Geoffroy's wife is not known. Geoffroy & his wife had one child:

i) GAUTHIER [I] de Mayenne ([1020/30]-). "Gautherius filius Gaufridi de Meduana" witnessed a charter dated to [6 Dec 1047/31 Aug 1055][598]. Seigneur de Mayenne. m (before [1046/47]) ADELINE, daughter of ---. "Galterii filii Gaufredi de Meduana, Adeline uxoris eiusdem Gauterii" subscribed a charter dated to [14 May 1046/14 May 1047], under which the church of Saint-Constancien, Javron was donated to Tours Saint-Julien[599]. Assuming that the dates of these two charters are correct, it is chronologically impossible for them to refer to Gauthier [II] de Mayenne and his wife Aline, parents of Mathilde duchess of Burgundy (see below).

The parents of the brothers Geoffroy [II] and Hugues de Mayenne have not been satisfactorily identified. It is chronologically improbable that Geoffroy [II] was the same person as Geoffroy [I] Seigneur de Mayenne. It is more likely that the brothers were sons of Geoffroy [I], younger brothers of Gauthier [I], but this is speculation.

1. GEOFFROY [II] de Mayenne (-[May/Dec] 1098). Seigneur de Mayenne. Comte de Maine 1070/71, as the lover of Gersende Ctss de Maine. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records that "Atho marchisius" left Maine in the hands of "Gaufridi de Meduana", also naming "uxor eiusdem marchisii Garcendis…filia Herberti Cenomannorum…comitis…Evigila Canem" and specifying that she had married firstly "Theobaldo duci Campanie" and that he had repudiated her[600]. The same source comments that "Gaufredi de Meduana" was "tutor et quasi maritus", implying that Gersende was his mistress. "Goffridus…de Meduana" founded "ecclesiam in honore…confessoris Christi Nicolai" at "castro suo…Carcer" [La Chartre] and placed there the monks of La Trinité de Vendôme, by charter dated 1092[601]. m firstly (before 1059) as her second husband, MATHILDE d'Alluye, widow of GUILLAUME [I] Goët Seigneur de Montmirail, daughter of GAUTHIER d'Alluye & his wife --- (-after 1079). Her two marriages are confirmed by the charter dated to [1050/60] under which "Hugo…castri Breietelli possessor in pago Cenomannensi" donated "ecclesiam…in Dunensi pago…Lazellam" to Marmoutier, with the permission of "domine mee Mahildis filie Galterii de Aloia filiorumque ac filiarum eiusdem, quibus patres fuere Guillelmus cognomento Gugetus et Gauffredus de Medana…Willelmi, Hildeburgis et Richildis, item Hamelini, Galterii et Hersendis"[602]. m secondly HILDEBERGE de Cornouaïlle, daughter of HOËL Comte de Cornouaïlle & his wife Havise de Bretagne. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Mistress: ([1070/71]) GERSENDE de Maine, daughter of HERBERT Comte de Maine & his wife --- ([1025/35]-). The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records that "Atho marchisius" left Maine in the hands of "Gaufridi de Meduana", also naming "uxor eiusdem marchisii Garcendis…filia Herberti Cenomannorum…comitis…Evigila Canem" and specifying that she had married firstly "Theobaldo duci Campanie" and that he had repudiated her[603]. The same source comments that "Gaufredi de Meduana" was "tutor et quasi maritus", implying that Gersende was his mistress. Geoffroy & his [first] wife had three children:

a) HAMELIN de Mayenne (-before 1098). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1050/60] under which "Hugo…castri Breietelli possessor in pago Cenomannensi" donated "ecclesiam…in Dunensi pago…Lazellam" to Marmoutier, with the permission of "domine mee Mahildis filie Galterii de Aloia filiorumque ac filiarum eiusdem, quibus patres fuere Guillelmus cognomento Gugetus et Gauffredus de Medana…Willelmi, Hildeburgis et Richildis, item Hamelini, Galterii et Hersendis"[604].

b) GAUTHIER [II] de Mayenne (-in Italy after 18 Dec 1116). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1050/60] under which "Hugo…castri Breietelli possessor in pago Cenomannensi" donated "ecclesiam…in Dunensi pago…Lazellam" to Marmoutier, with the permission of "domine mee Mahildis filie Galterii de Aloia filiorumque ac filiarum eiusdem, quibus patres fuere Guillelmus cognomento Gugetus et Gauffredus de Medana…Willelmi, Hildeburgis et Richildis, item Hamelini, Galterii et Hersendis"[605]. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis names "Gaufridus, filius Gaufridi de Meduana" when recording that he was in Apulia[606]. The same source comments that "Gaufredi de Meduana" was "tutor et quasi maritus", implying that Gersende was his mistress. Seigneur de Mayenne. "…Gualterii de Meduana" witnessed a charter dated to [1087/94] under which Robert son of William I King of England donated property to Holy Trinity, Caen[607]. He participated in the First Crusade 1096/1098[608], although the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. "Walterii de Meduana…[et] uxor eius Adelina et filius eorum Hamelinus…alter filius Juhellus" consented to a donation by "Ruellonius de Gorron, filius Gaufredi" of the church of Brecé to Marmoutier, by charter dated to [1099/1124][609]. m ADELINE, daughter of ---. "Walterii de Meduana…[et] uxor eius Adelina et filius eorum Hamelinus…alter filius Juhellus" consented to a donation by "Ruellonius de Gorron, filius Gaufredi" of the church of Brecé to Marmoutier, by charter dated to [1099/1124][610]. According to Kerrebrouck[611], she was "de Baugency". In Europäische Stammtafeln[612], she is "de Presles". The basis for these suppositions is not known. "Juhellus Goualterii filius, dominus castelli Meduanæ…matre mea Adelina et sorore Felicia" organised the transfer of the monks of Saint-Martin to Mayenne castle, for the souls of "Gaufredi…avi mei et Gualterii patris mei…Hamelini fratris mei", by charter dated 1144, witnessed by "…Hugo de Lavalle…"[613]. The necrology of Beaune names "Aelina" as mother of Mathilde, wife of Hugues II Duke of Burgundy[614]. Gauthier & his wife had [five] children:

i) HAMELIN de Mayenne (-[1119]). "Walterii de Meduana…[et] uxor eius Adelina et filius eorum Hamelinus…alter filius Juhellus" consented to a donation by "Ruellonius de Gorron, filius Gaufredi" of the church of Brecé to Marmoutier, by charter dated to [1099/1124][615]. "Radulfus Filgeriensis" with "his wife Avitia" donated property to the abbey of Holy Trinity, Savigny by charter dated 7 Mar 1113, subscribed by "…Hamelinus Meduanensis, Johellus frater eius"[616]. Seigneur de Mayenne. Seigneur de Gorron d'Ambrières et de Châteauneuf, which he exchanged with Henry I King of England for South Petherton, Somerset and Black Torrington and Nimet, Devon[617]. "Rotbertus miles de Sancto Dionisio" confirmed the donation of property to Mont-Saint-Michel by "pater meus Rotbertus Sancti Dionisii", agreeing to obtain the consent of "Hamelino de Meduana domino meo" by charter dated 1116, signed by "Juhellis fratris Hamelini Meduani"[618].

ii) JUHEL [I] de Mayenne (-23 Dec 1161, bur Evroux). "Walterii de Meduana…[et] uxor eius Adelina et filius eorum Hamelinus…alter filius Juhellus" consented to a donation by "Ruellonius de Gorron, filius Gaufredi" of the church of Brecé to Marmoutier, by charter dated to [1099/1124][619]. He succeeded his brother in [1119] as Seigneur de Mayenne.

- see below.

iii) MATHILDE [Mahaut] de Mayenne (-Beaune, Côte-d'Or or château de Méduan, near Magny-lès-Villers 8 Feb after 1162, bur Notre Dame de Beaune). As "domina Mathildis de Meduana" she is named as the wife of Duke Hugues in three charters, and the necrology of Beaune names her mother "Aelina"[620]. "Hugo Burgundie dux" donated property to Saint-Bénigne-de-Dijon by charter dated [1113/19] which names "Mathilde coniugis mei et filio mei Oddonis"[621]. The necrology of Cîteaux records the death "VI Id Feb" of "Mathildis ducissa Burgundie"[622]. m ([1116]) HUGUES II "Borel/le Pacifique" Duke of Burgundy, son of EUDES I "Borel" Duke of Burgundy & his wife Sibylle de Bourgogne-Comté ([1085]-soon after 6 Feb 1143, bur Abbaye de Cîteaux).

iv) FELICIE de Mayenne . "Juhellus Goualterii filius, dominus castelli Meduanæ…matre mea Adelina et sorore Felicia" organised the transfer of the monks of Saint-Martin to Mayenne castle, for the souls of "Gaufredi…avi mei et Gualterii patris mei…Hamelini fratris mei", by charter dated 1144, witnessed by "…Hugo de Lavalle…"[623].

v) [daughter. She and her husband are shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[624], but the basis for this is not known. m (dispensation) --- Comte de Mortagne].

c) HERSENDE (-before [1070]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1050/60] under which "Hugo…castri Breietelli possessor in pago Cenomannensi" donated "ecclesiam…in Dunensi pago…Lazellam" to Marmoutier, with the permission of "domine mee Mahildis filie Galterii de Aloia filiorumque ac filiarum eiusdem, quibus patres fuere Guillelmus cognomento Gugetus et Gauffredus de Medana…Willelmi, Hildeburgis et Richildis, item Hamelini, Galterii et Hersendis"[625].

2. HUGUES de Mayenne (-after 1098). "Rotbertus" donated property to Mont-Saint-Michel, with the consent of "Gaufredi Medavi castri ducis…Hugone supradicti Gaufridi fratre" by charter dated to [1097/1125][626]. m BEATRIX, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Hugues & his wife had one child:

a) GEOFFROY de Mayenne (-19 Feb after 1105). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Vicomte de Mayenne 1075. He was elected Bishop of Angers 1093, resigned 1095/1101. He became a monk at Cluny. The necrology of Angers Cathedral records the death "XI Kal Mar" of "Gaufridus Andegavensis episcopus postea Cluniacensis monachus"[627].

JUHEL [I] de Mayenne, son of GAUTHIER Seigneur de Mayenne & his wife Aline --- (-23 Dec 1161, bur Evroux). "Walterii de Meduana…[et] uxor eius Adelina et filius eorum Hamelinus…alter filius Juhellus" consented to a donation by "Ruellonius de Gorron, filius Gaufredi" of the church of Brecé to Marmoutier, by charter dated to [1099/1124][628]. "Radulfus Filgeriensis" with "his wife Avitia" donated property to the abbey of Holy Trinity, Savigny by charter dated 7 Mar 1113, subscribed by "…Hamelinus Meduanensis, Johellus frater eius"[629]. "Rotbertus miles de Sancto Dionisio" confirmed the donation of property to Mont-Saint-Michel by "pater meus Rotbertus Sancti Dionisii", agreeing to obtain the consent of "Hamelino de Meduana domino meo" by charter dated 1116, signed by "Juhellis fratris Hamelini Meduani"[630]. He succeeded his brother in [1119] as Seigneur de Mayenne. Seigneur de Gorron d'Ambrières et de Châteauneuf 1135[631]. "Juhellus Goualterii filius, dominus castelli Meduanæ…matre mea Adelina et sorore Felicia" organised the transfer of the monks of Saint-Martin to Mayenne castle, for the souls of "Gaufredi…avi mei et Gualterii patris mei…Hamelini fratris mei", by charter dated 1144, witnessed by "…Hugo de Lavalle…"[632]. The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Joheli de Maiena" in Somerset, and "Joheli de Maiena" (twice) under "Nova Placita & Nove Conventiones" in Devonshire[633].

m (before 1120) CLEMENCE de Ponthieu, daughter of GUILLAUME I "Talvas" Comte de Ponthieu et d'Alençon, Sire de Montgommery et de Bellême & his wife Hélie de Bourgogne [Capet] (-30 Nov before 1189). Guillaume de Jumièges records that an unnamed daughter of Guillaume Talvas married "Joel fils de Gauthier de Mayenne"[634]. "Juhello principe Meduane et uxore eius Clementia et filio eorum Gaufrido primogenito" subscribed a charter dated 12 and 26 Jul 1128, under which property was restored to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel[635].

Juhel & his wife had seven children:

1. GEOFFROY [III] de Mayenne (-18 Feb or 25 Jul 1169). "Juhello principe Meduane et uxore eius Clementia et filio eorum Gaufrido primogenito" subscribed a charter dated 12 and 26 Jul 1128, under which property was restored to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel[636]. He succeeded his father in 1161 as Seigneur de Mayenne. He went on crusade in 1163[637]. m firstly CONSTANCE de Bretagne, daughter of CONAN III Duke of Brittany & his wife Maud [of England] (-1148). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly ([1161]) as her first husband, ISABELLE de Meulan, daughter of GALERAN de Beaumont-le-Roger Comte de Meulan & his wife Agnes de Montfort Dame de Gournay-sur-Marne (-10 May 1220, bur Savigny). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Her two marriages are confirmed by the undated charter by which her son "Mauritius dominus Credoni" confirmed the donation by "Constantia soror mea" of revenue set by "dominus Juhellus frater meus" at "apud Harperiam" to the abbey of Clarei, by undated charter, witnessed by "…domina Isabel matre mea, domina Gervasia…"[638]. She married secondly ([1170]) Maurice [II] Sire de Craon. "…Isabel uxore mea et filiis meis Mauritio et Petro et Philippo de Sauconeio, Paganus de Sancto Amatore, Guillelmi de Vitreio et Mauritius frater eius" witnessed the charter dated 1191 under which "Mauritius de Credone Hugonis filius" confirmed donations to "ecclesiæ de Rota"[639]. "Mauritius de Credone filius Hugonis" appointed "meæ uxoris Isabel" as guardian of his lands and his children in his undated testament when leaving for Jerusalem[640]. The Chronicon Savigniacensis Monasterii records the death in 1220 of "Juhellus de Meduana…domina Isabel mater eius"[641]. The Gesta Guillelmi Majoris Andegavensis Episcopi names “dominis de Credonio…et Isabella Domina de Credonio” among those present at the burial of Bishop Guillaume, undated but stated to be during the reign of Philippe II King of France[642]. The Chronicon Savigniacensis Monasterii records the death in 1220 of "Juhellus de Meduana…domina Isabel mater eius"[643]. Geoffroy and his [first][644] wife had one child:

a) MATHILDE de Mayenne . The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. "Andreas de Vitreio" donated property to Savigny, for the souls of "patris mei Roberti et matris mee Emme et uxoris mee Mathildis", with the consent of "Mathildis uxor mea et fratres mei Alanus et Robertus", by charter dated to [1173/84][645]. [646]m firstly as his second wife, ANDRE [I] Seigneur de Vitré, son of ROBERT Seigneur de Vitré & his wife Emma de Dinan. m secondly THIBAUT [II] de Mathefelon . 1150/97.

Geoffroy and his [second] wife had two children:

b) JUHEL [II] de Mayenne (-killed in battle 26 Apr, 2 or 4 May 1220, bur Fontaine-Daniel). “Juhellus dominus Meduanæ, frater Gaufredi, cuius pater…Juhellus senior” restored property to the monks of Saint-Etienne by undated charter which names “Juhello avo meo”[647]. It is suggested that “frater Gaufredi” in this charter is an error, and that Geoffroy was the father not brother of Juhel, otherwise “Juhello avo meo” cannot be identified. He succeeded his father in 1169 as Seigneur de Mayenne, as a minor until 1183. He went on Crusade in 1190. "Juhellus de Meduana" restored property to the monks of Mont, as he was leaving on crusade, by charter dated to [1190][648]. "Juhellus dominus Meduanæ et Dinani…Gervasia uxor mea filia Alani de Dinan…Isabella mater mea" founded the abbey of Fontaine-Daniel by charter dated 19 May 1205[649]. "Juhel seigneur de Mayenne" donated property to the priory of Fontaine-Daniel, for the soul of "Gervaise sa femme", by charter dated 12 Feb 1207, witnessed by "…Isabelle de Mayenne…"[650]. The Chronicon Savigniacensis Monasterii records the death "VI Kal Mai" in 1220 of "Juhellus de Meduana"[651]. m (before 1189) as her first husband, GERVAISE de Vitré Vicomtesse de Dinan, daughter of ALAIN Sire de Vitré & his first wife Clémence de Fougères (-[1235/41]). "Juhellus dominus Meduanæ et Dinani…Gervasia uxor mea filia Alani de Dinan…Isabella mater mea" founded the abbey of Fontaine-Daniel by charter dated 19 May 1205[652]. "Juhel seigneur de Mayenne" donated property to the priory of Fontaine-Daniel, for the soul of "Gervaise sa femme", by charter dated 12 Feb 1207, witnessed by "…Isabelle de Mayenne…"[653]. She married secondly Geoffroy [I] Vicomte de Rohan. "Henricus de Avalgor, filius Alani comitis…et Margarita uxor mea" renewed a donation of property to the abbey of Bon-Repos by "Gervasia domina Dinani", for the soul of "bone memorie Gaufridi vicecomitis de Rohan quondam mariti sui", by charter dated 1229[654]. She married thirdly (before Jan 1224) Richard Marshal, who succeeded his brother in 1231 as Earl of Pembroke, hereditary Master Marshal. "Gervasia domina Dinanni" donated property to the priory of Saint-Magloire de Léhon, for the souls of "heredum meorum Johanne, Isabelis et Margarite" and for the souls of "Juhelli, Gaufridi et Ricardi maritorum meorum", by charter dated 1233[655]. "Gervasia domina Dynanni" donated property after the death of "bone memorie Richardi Marischallis, quondam mariti mei" by charter dated 1236[656]. "Gervasia domina de Dynan" confirmed donations of "bone memorie Juhelli de Meduana quondam mariti nostri" by charter dated 1235[657]. Juhel & his wife had three children:

i) JEANNE de Mayenne (-11 Apr ----). "Gervasia domina Dinanni" donated property to the priory of Saint-Magloire de Léhon, for the souls of "heredum meorum Johanne, Isabelis et Margarite" and for the souls of "Juhelli, Gaufridi et Ricardi maritorum meorum", by charter dated 1233[658]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Dame de la Chartre 1233. Dame de Lassay et de Château-du-Loir 1246. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "III Id Apr" of "Johanna de Meduana, quondam comitissa Vidoeinensis"[659]. m PIERRE Comte de Vendôme, son of JEAN de Montoire Comte de Vendôme & his wife Aiglantine --- (-in Egypt 25 Mar 1249).

ii) ISABELLE de Mayenne (-11 Nov 1257). "Juhel seigneur de Mayenne" donated property to the priory of Fontaine-Daniel, for the soul of "Gervaise sa femme", by charter dated 12 Feb 1207, witnessed by "…Isabelle de Mayenne…"[660]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. She succeeded her father in 1220 as Dame de Mayenne. "Gervasia domina Dinanni" donated property to the priory of Saint-Magloire de Léhon, for the souls of "heredum meorum Johanne, Isabelis et Margarite" and for the souls of "Juhelli, Gaufridi et Ricardi maritorum meorum", by charter dated 1233[661]. "Drocho de Melloto dominus Locharum et Meduanæ et Ysabellis uxor eius hæres et domina Meduanæ" donated property to the abbey of Fontaine-Daniel by charter dated Jun 1243[662]. "Isabella uxor Droconis de Melloto, militis, domini de Meduana" ratified a donation to the abbey of Mont by charter dated 1237[663]. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "V Id Apr" of "Ysabellis domina Meduane"[664]. m firstly (before 1218) DREUX de Mello Seigneur de Saint-Maurice-Thizouailles, de Loches et de Châtillon-sur-Indre (-Cyprus 8 Jan 1249). "Droco de Melloto dominus Locharum et Meduanæ" donated a serf to Marmoutier by charter dated 1223[665]. m secondly (before 1251) as his second wife, LOUIS [I] Comte de Sancerre, son of GUILLAUME [I] Comte de Sancerre [Champagne-Blois] & his second wife Marie de Charenton (-1268).

iii) MARGUERITE de Mayenne (-15 Jan before 1264). "Gervasia domina Dinanni" donated property to the priory of Saint-Magloire de Léhon, for the souls of "heredum meorum Johanne, Isabelis et Margarite" and for the souls of "Juhelli, Gaufridi et Ricardi maritorum meorum", by charter dated 1233[666]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 1241 under which "Droco de Melloto, Locharam et Meduane dominus" [married to her older sister] wrote to "fratri suo domino Henrico de Avalgor", naming "bone memorie domine Gervasie"[667]. "Henricus de Avalgor, filius Alani comitis…et Margarita uxor mea" renewed a donation of property to the abbey of Bon-Repos by "Gervasia domina Dinani", for the soul of "bone memorie Gaufridi vicecomitis de Rohan quondam mariti sui", by charter dated 1229[668]. “Henricus de Avaugor” records that “castrum meum de Ponte Ursionis” belonged to “me et Margaritam uxorem meam” in a charter dated 2 Sep 1233[669]. "Margarita uxor…Henrici de Avaugor" donated property owned by "domina Gervasia mater mea" to the abbey of Saint-Aubin-des-Bois, with the consent of "Alani et Juhelli filiorum meorum", by charter dated 1237[670]. The necrology of Notre-Dame-de-Beauport records the death "XVIII Kal Feb" of "domine Margarite uxoris domini Henrici d´Avalgor"[671]. m (before 1220) HENRI [II] d'Avaugour ex-Comte de Penthièvre Seigneur de Goëllo, son of ALAIN de Bretagne Comte de Penthièvre & his second wife Adélaïde --- ([1205]-6 Oct 1281, bur Dinan).

c) CLEMENCE de Mayenne (-before 1209). Her parentage is confirmed by the undated charter by which her uterine half-brother "Mauritius dominus Credoni" confirmed the donation by "Constantia soror mea" of revenue set by "dominus Juhellus frater meus" at "apud Harperiam" to the abbey of Clarei, by undated charter, witnessed by "…domina Isabel matre mea, domina Gervasia…"[672]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Dame d'Angon. m ROBERT [IV] Sire de Sablé, son of ROBERT [III] Sire de Sablé [Nevers] & his wife Hersende --- (-in Palestine [1195]).

2. GAUTHIER de Mayenne (-before 1191). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. m (before 1166) as her third husband, CECILY, heiress of Swanscombe, Kent, widow firstly of ROGER FitzMiles of Gloucester Earl of Hereford and secondly of GUILLAUME de Poitou, daughter of PAYN FitzJohn of Ewyas, co. Hereford, Sheriff of Hereford and Shropshire & his wife Sibyl de Lacy (-1207). The primary source which confirms her parentage and three marriages has not yet been identified.

3. HAMELIN de Mayenne . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1150/80.

4. GUILLAUME de Mayenne . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. "Guillelmus de Meduana" donated property to the monks of Montguion by charter dated 1189[673].

5. GUY . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1158/62.

6. JUHEL . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1158/73.

7. ALINE (-15 Sep [1180]). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

Chapter 11. SEIGNEURS de MONDOUBLEAU

A. SEIGNEURS de MONDOUBLEAU

1. HUGUES de Mondoubleau (-[1030/40]). Seigneur de Mondoubleau. "…Hugonis Dublelli…" witnessed the charter dated to [955/1015] under which "Hugo comes Cenomanensium" donated property to the abbey of Mont[674]. "Hugo" donated property "in pago Vindocinensi…in villa…Buziacus" to Marmoutier, by charter dated to before 1040, signed by "Hugonis archidiaconis filii eius, Odonis filii eius, Hervei filii eius, Gausfredi filii eius, item filii eius Gisleberti…"[675]. m ADELA, daughter of FOUCHER "le Riche" de Vendôme & his wife Hildearde --- (-[after 1040]). "Adela, Fulcherii nata, Hugonis femina" donated "in villa…Marcelli terram", with the consent of "meo filio Fulcherio necnon sorore sua Agnete" to La Trinité de Vendôme by charter dated to before 1040[676]. "Addela…genitoris mei Fulcherii preclara…Hugonis conjugis mei devota" donated property "in Burziaco" to Saint-Martin by undated charter[677]. Hugues & his wife had [eleven] children:

a) EUDES de Mondoubleau (-after 3 Jun 1040). "Hugo" donated property "in pago Vindocinensi…in villa…Buziacus" to Marmoutier, by charter dated to before 1040, signed by "Hugonis archidiaconis filii eius, Odonis filii eius, Hervei filii eius, Gausfredi filii eius, item filii eius Gisleberti…"[678]. Seigneur de Mondoubleau.

- see below.

b) HUGUES de Mondoubleau (-after Jan 1058). "Hugo" donated property "in pago Vindocinensi…in villa…Buziacus" to Marmoutier, by charter dated to before 1040, signed by "Hugonis archidiaconis filii eius, Odonis filii eius, Hervei filii eius, Gausfredi filii eius, item filii eius Gisleberti…"[679]. "Hugo archidiaconus cognomento Dublellus et Odo frater eius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti-Beati confessoris" to La Trinité de Vendôme by charter dated to before 1040[680]. "Hugo archidiaconus, Odo et Girardus fratres ipsius Hugonis archidiaconi, Hugo nepos eorum…" signed the charter dated 1057 and Jan 1058 which records the sale of property by "Nivelone filio Graulfi", with the consent of "Hugone archidiacono et Hugone nepote suo et sorore eius, filiis Odonis Dublelli, Odone quoque Rufo ipsius Nivelonis domino…[et] uxore etiam et filia ipsius Nivelonis", to La Trinité de Vendôme[681].

c) HERVE de Mondoubleau (-[after 1040]). "Hugo" donated property "in pago Vindocinensi…in villa…Buziacus" to Marmoutier, by charter dated to before 1040, signed by "Hugonis archidiaconis filii eius, Odonis filii eius, Hervei filii eius, Gausfredi filii eius, item filii eius Gisleberti…"[682].

d) GEOFFROY de Mondoubleau (-[after 1040]). "Hugo" donated property "in pago Vindocinensi…in villa…Buziacus" to Marmoutier, by charter dated to before 1040, signed by "Hugonis archidiaconis filii eius, Odonis filii eius, Hervei filii eius, Gausfredi filii eius, item filii eius Gisleberti…"[683].

e) GISELBERT de Mondoubleau (-before [1061]). "Hugo" donated property "in pago Vindocinensi…in villa…Buziacus" to Marmoutier, by charter dated to before 1040, signed by "Hugonis archidiaconis filii eius, Odonis filii eius, Hervei filii eius, Gausfredi filii eius, item filii eius Gisleberti…"[684]. A charter dated to [1050] records the sale by "Guismando", with the consent of "uxore sua…Emelina…filio eorum…Guismando…nec non Gisleberto fratre Emeline", of a mill at La Chappe to "Hildiardis, uxor Fulcherii de Vindocino", and that after the death of Hildiarde "Guismandus filius Guismandi" unjustly claimed the mill[685]. m ---. The name of Giselbert´s wife is not known.] Giselbert & his wife had five children:

i) HILGOD . "Hilgodis, Gisleberti filius" required the monks of Marmoutier to make further payments for the church of Naveil by undated charter signed by "Hugo archidiaconus, Hilgodius nepos eius…"[686].

ii) NIHARD . "Nihardus Gisleberti filius" abandoned his claim against Marmoutier for the mill of La Chappe, with the consent of "sorore Maria Arnulfo et Archembaldo eiusdem fratribus", by charter dated to [1061], witnessed by "Hildeardis, Vulgrinus filius eius…"[687].

iii) MARIE . "Nihardus Gisleberti filius" abandoned his claim against Marmoutier for the mill of La Chappe, with the consent of "sorore Maria Arnulfo et Archembaldo eiusdem fratribus", by charter dated to [1061][688].

iv) ARNOUL . "Nihardus Gisleberti filius" abandoned his claim against Marmoutier for the mill of La Chappe, with the consent of "sorore Maria Arnulfo et Archembaldo eiusdem fratribus", by charter dated to [1061][689].

v) ARCHAMBAUD . "Nihardus Gisleberti filius" abandoned his claim against Marmoutier for the mill of La Chappe, with the consent of "sorore Maria Arnulfo et Archembaldo eiusdem fratribus", by charter dated to [1061][690].

f) EMMELINE de Mondoubleau . A charter dated to [1050] records the sale by "Guismando", with the consent of "uxore sua…Emelina…filio eorum…Guismando…nec non Gisleberto fratre Emeline&