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BRUNSWICK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1. GRAFEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG Chapter 2. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG A. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG 1235-1369 B. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-GRUBENHAGEN 1291-1596 C. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-GÖTTINGEN 1291-1369 D. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG 1368-1471 E. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-HARBURG F. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG in WOLFENBÜTTEL und CALENBERG 1409-1503 G. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-LÜNEBURG in DANNENBERG H. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-LÜNEBURG in WOLFENBÜTTEL I. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG in LÜNEBURG
INTRODUCTION
The territory of the dukes of Brunwick consisted of the town of Brunswick itself, Lüneburg, the area around Hannover, and Münden in southern Saxony. The ancient fortress of the Brunonian counts of Brunswick was located on an island formed by the river Oker. This original county was probably a fief of the dukes of Saxony, although no proof of this speculation has been found. Brunswick became a major trading centre, as it marked the crossing point between the old Köln/Magdeburg trade route and the major lines of communication from south-west Germany to the Harz/Elbe[1].
On the death in 1090 of Ekbert II Graf von Braunschweig, last count of the first Brunswick dynasty, his sister Gertrud inherited the Brunswick territories. They eventually passed to the Welf dukes by the following inheritance trail: · Gertrud's daughter by her second marriage, Richenza von Northeim, married Lothar von Süpplingenburg Duke of Saxony, who later became Emperor Lothar III; · Emperor Lothar's daughter by Richenza, Gertrud, married, as her first husband, the Welf Heinrich X "der Stolze" Duke of Bavaria; · Duke Heinrich's only son by Gertrud, Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony, inherited the Brunswick territories.
Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony developed the old Brunonian fortress into a princely residence known as Dankwarderode, constructed other fortifications and created new settlements. He favoured Brunswick as his permanent capital[2]. This consolidation of the Brunswick territories into the personal domain of the duke of Saxony marked the end of the Saxon fiefdom. By the time Brunswick and its connected territories were inherited by Otto "das Kind", grandson of Duke Heinrich and last male heir of the Welf dynasty, they appear to have been considered a direct fief of the Empire. As is the case with many German titles, the precise process by which this occurred is not apparent. The title "Duke of Brunswick" was confirmed by charter dated 1235[3].
The area around Lüneburg was owned by the Billung family, whose chief residence was the castle on the Kalkberg, and passed to the Welf family after the death in 1106 of Magnus Billung Duke of Saxony[4]. The township of Lüneburg, the centre for production of salt, was probably granted to the Welf family by Emperor Lothar as it had originally been an imperial fief[5].
The county rights in the Hannover area, the Marstemgau, passed to the counts of Roden after the death in 1106 of Magnus Billung Duke of Saxony. They founded St Georg's church in Hannover in [1125]. Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony asserted suzerainty over the counts of Roden and may have granted Hannover its first charter. The town was sacked in 1189 by Heinrich VI King of Germany during the course of fighting with Duke Heinrich[6].
Münden, in the south of Saxony, was probably established by the Landgraf of Thuringia between 1155 and 1180. It became Welf property some time after the death of the last Landgraf of Thuringia in 1247[7]. Göttingen presumably belonged to the Welf in the late 12th century as it was allocated to Heinrich Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, eldest surviving son of Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony, in the 1202 partition and after his death inherited by his nephew Otto "das Kind"[8].
Botho’s late 15th century Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum provides important information concerning the Brunswick ducal family which have not been found in other primary sources, especially for the 14th and 15th centuries[9]. The Chronicon is not error free: extracts which are disproved by information found in other primary sources have not been included in the present document. The difficulty relates to uncorroborated information which, in some cases, triggers interesting discussions about possible new relationships as will be seen below.
Chapter 1. GRAFEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG
Onomastics suggest a close family connection between the family of Bruno, founder of Brunswick, and the Billung family. A hypothesis which explains this relationship is shown below but there is no proof that it is correct.
BRUNO, son of [EKBERT "der Einäugige Graf im Hastfalagau] & his wife --- ([975/85]-murdered near Niedorp[10] [1010/11][11]). There is no proof that Bruno von Braunschweig was the son of Ekbert "der Einäugige" but this appears probable in view of the names which are common to the two families and also the common references to the Derlingau. Bruno is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln as the brother of Wichmann [III] Graf im Duffelgau and Ekbert Graf im Derlingau, while another table shows Wichmann [III] as son of Ekbert[12]. His birth date range is estimated from his estimated marriage date. The estimated birth date ranges of both Wichmann [III] and Bruno are consistent with their having been brothers. Bruno founded Braunschweig. He was a candidate for the German throne in 1002[13] in opposition to Heinrich IV Duke of Bavaria, who was elected as Heinrich II King of Germany. m ([1003/05]) as her first husband, GISELA of Swabia, daughter of HERMANN II Duke of Swabia & his wife Gerberga of Upper Burgundy (11 Nov 990-Goslar 16 Feb 1043, bur Speyer Cathedral). The Annalista Saxo names her three husbands, although the order of her first and second marriages is interchanged which appears impossible chronologically[14]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "1043 16 Kal Mar" of "Gisela imp"[15]. She married secondly ([1014]) Ernst Duke of Swabia [Babenberg] and thirdly Konrad II Herzog von Franken, who succeeded in 1024 as Konrad II King of Germany, and was crowned as Emperor Konrad I in 1027. Bruno & his wife had [two] children: 1. LIUDOLF von Braunschweig ([1003/05]-23 Apr 1038). The Annalista Saxo names "Liudolfus comes Saxonicus, filius Brunonis de Bruneswic et Gisle inperatricis", when recording his death[16]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1051 under which "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated "comitatum quem Brun eiusque filius noster frater Liutolfus nec non et eius filius Echbreht comites…in pagis Northduringen, Darlingen, Valen, Salthga, Grethe, Mulbeze" to the church of Hildesheim[17]. His birth date range is estimated assuming that he was "the young Count Liudolf" whom Thietmar notes was captured during a conflict with the Poles, dated to 1015[18], although it is not certain that this was the same person. Vajay[19] suggests a birth date range of [1006/08], which is more consistent with his mother's birth date but appears late for the 1015 capture. The Annalista Saxo records that "Liudolfus comes Saxonicus, filius Brunonis de Bruneswic et Gisle inperatricis" was killed "IX Kal Maii inmatura…cum maximo suorum conprovincialium merore"[20]. He was installed as Markgraf in Frisia by his stepfather Emperor Konrad II after 1 Jul 1028. m GERTRUD [von Egisheim, daughter of HUGO [VIII] Graf im Nordgau und zu Egisheim & his wife Heilwig von Dagsburg] (-21 Jul 1077). The Annales Stadenses refers to the mother of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]" as "sororis Leonis papa qui et Bruno"[21]. The correctness of this parentage of the wife of Liudolf assumes (which appears likely to be correct as discussed below) that Ida von Elstorf was his daughter. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Jul 1077 of "Ghertrudis marchionissa senior"[22]. Liudolf & his wife had [five] children: a) [MATHILDE ([1025/26]-Paris 1044, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). Rodolfus Glaber records that King Henri married "Mathildem…de regno eius ex Germanie nobilioribus"[23]. Her precise origin is not known. A manuscript entitled "Excerptum Historicum" records the marriage of "rex Henricus" and "neptem Henrici Alamannorum Imperatoris", commenting that the couple had a daughter who died young and that King Henri's wife died soon after[24]. She was described as "ex Cæsarum progenie" in the Miracles de Saint-Benoît[25]. The Historia of Monk Aimon records that King Henri married "neptem Henrici Alamaniæ Imperatoris" in 1034[26]. Szabolcs de Vajay[27] suggests that she was the daughter of Liudolf Markgraf von Friesland [Braunschweig] & his wife Gertrud von Egisheim, her supposed father being the uterine half-brother of Emperor Heinrich III. The Historia Francica records the death in 1044 of "Mahildis Regina"[28]. m (1034) as his first wife, HENRI I King of France, son of ROBERT II "le Pieux" King of France & his third wife Constance d'Arles [Provence] ([end 1009/May 1010]-Palais de Vitry-aux-Loges, forêt d’Orléans, Loiret 4 Aug 1060, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).] b) BRUNO [II] von Braunschweig (-killed 1057). The Annalista Saxo names "Brunone et Ecberto comitibus, filiis Liudolfi de Bruneswic qui fuerat patruus regis"[29]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in comitatu Brunonis comitis et in pago Ualen" to the church of Hildesheim by charter dated 4 Jun 1049[30]. It is not known whether this refers to the same Graf Bruno. However, "Valen" is one of the pagi named in the 1051 charter which names Bruno's brother Ekbert (see below). Graf in Flutwidde [1052/57]. The Annales of Lambert von Hersfeld record in 1057 that “Otto frater Wilhehelmi marchionis, sed matrimonio impari, matre...Slavia” had been exiled to Bohemia from boyhood but returned to Saxony after the death of his brother to claim his inheritance, fought “Brun et Eggeberdus patrueles regis”, killed “Brun”, and still “adolescentem” was killed by Ekbert[31]. c) EKBERT [I] von Braunschweig (-11 Jan 1068). The Annalista Saxo states "genuit autem Liudolfus ex Gertrude comitissa Brunonem, qui iuxta villam Niethorp occisus est, et Ekbertum seniorem marchionem"[32]. Graf von Braunschweig. - see below. d) [IDA "von Elstorf" (-before 4 May 1082). The Annales Stadenses name "Ida nobilis femina de Suevia nata, in villa Elsthorpe" as "filia fratris imp. Heinrici III, filia quoque sororis Leonis papa qui et Bruno"[33]. It is probable that “fratris imp. Heinrici III” was Liudolf von Braunschweig, the only known [half-]brother of Emperor Heinrich III whose wife is not otherwise recorded in other primary sources. If that is correct, the reference to Ida’s Swabian origin (“de Suevia nata”) is difficult to explain, unless it was intended to indicate the Alsacian origin of her maternal family. Dobertin considers it “credible” (“glaubhaft”) that Ida was the step-daughter, rather than daughter, of Liudolf[34]. However, the need to add the phrase “filia fratris imp. Heinrici III” in the Annales Stadenses is not obvious if this statement was factually incorrect. In any case, the chronology is not ideal for Ida to have been born from either an otherwise unrecorded earlier or later marriage of her mother: in the case of an earlier marriage, Ida would have been old to have given birth to [three] children by her second/third husband, and if a later marriage the chronology appears tight for her to have had two children by her first husband (assuming that his death is correctly dated as shown below). Elstorf is located west of Hamburg near Buxtehude, south-east of Stade. No other reference has been found in primary sources to Elstorf being linked to any medieval noble family. The significance of “von Elstorf” in this extract from the Annales Stadenses has not been ascertained. In particular it is not known whether it represents property inherited by Ida from either her paternal or maternal family or from one of her husbands. After her death, Ida’s properties passed to the family of the Grafen von Stade (see the document SAXONY NOBILITY) under unusual circumstances as will be explained. The Annales Stadenses records that Ida [von Elstorf] had "filium Ecbertum comitem" who was killed by "primus Udo marchio...cognatus suus" at “Wistede prope Elstorpe”, adding that Ida found herself without heirs (“orbata heredibus”), visited “avunculum suum papam Leonem” (therefore before Apr 1054), and following his recommendation adopted “ipsum Udonem” as her son and appointed him as her heir (listing properties which she granted him during her lifetime), a later passage clarifying that “predictum Udonem marchionem primum” was Ida’s successor after she died (“Ida ergo mortua...”)[35]. This text presents chronological difficulties. A literal interpretation of “primus Udo marchio” would indicate Lothar Udo [II] Graf von Stade, who succeeded as Markgraf der Nordmark in 1056 and died the following year so could not have been appointed by Ida as her heir. Presumably therefore his son Lothar Udo [III], who succeeded his father as Lothar Udo II Markgraf der Nordmark and died in 1082, was intended. However, that interpretation is inconsistent with Ida von Elstorf taking advice from her uncle Pope Leo IX (who died in Apr 1054). That part of the report must be factually incorrect, the only safe conclusion being that Ekbert predeceased his mother some time before 1082. This passage in the Annales Stadenses specifies that Ida predeceased Markgraf Lothar Udo, therefore died before 4 May 1082.] m firstly LUITPOLD Graf von Stade, son of --- & his wife Glismode --- (-[before 1055]). The Annales Stadenses name "Lippoldo filio domine Glismodis" as husband of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]", specifying that they were parents of "Odam sanctimonialem de Rinthelen"[36]. He is identified in Europäischen Stammtafeln[37] as Liutpold der Ostmark, son of Adalbert "der Siegreiche" Markgraf der Ostmark [of Austria] & his first wife --- (-Ingelheim 9 Dec 1043, bur Trier)[38]. Presumably this is based firstly on the Annales Stadenses which name "Lippoldo filio domine Glismodis" as husband of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]"[39], and secondly on the Vita Meinwerci which names "Thiedericum, Meinwercum, Glismod et Azelam" as children of Immed & Athela, specifying that Glismod married "nobilis principis in Baioaria"[40], although there is no evidence linking the second with the first. The fact that Ida von Elstorf had children by her first husband, if correct, also indicates that that this co-identity cannot be right[41]. m secondly ([1055]) DEDO Graf von Dietmarschen, son of ---. The Annales Stadenses name "comitem Dedonem et comitem Ethelerum Album" as the two husbands of Ida after "Lippoldo filio domiine Glismodis", specifying that both were killed "in Thietmarschia"[42]. m thirdly ([1058]) ETHELER Graf von Dietmarschen, son of ---. The Annales Stadenses name "comitem Dedonem et comitem Ethelerum Album" as the two husbands of Ida after "Lippoldo filio domiine Glismodis", specifying that both were killed "in Thietmarschia"[43]. Ida & her [second/third] husband had [three] children: i) RICHEZA (-1108 or after). The Annales Stadenses name "Rikencem" as the daughter of Ida by her second or third husband, specifying that she married "comes Eilmarus de Aldenburg"[44]. "Eigilmarus comes in confinio Saxonie et Frisie…et…eius coniuge Richeza" promised donations to Aldenburg St Marie in Iburg, with the consent of "duobus eorum filiis Christino…et Egilmaro necnon et filia Gertrude" by charter dated 1108[45]. m EGILMAR [I] Graf von Oldenburg, son of --- (-1108 or after). ii) BURCHARD . The Annales Stadenses name "Burchardus, Treverensis maior prepositus" as son of Ida, without specifying by which husband, specifying he was later elected archbishop (without specifying the archbishopric)[46]. The Annales Sancti Diibodi record that "Hermannus de Winzenburg" killed "Burchardum de Lochenheim" in 1130[47]. iii) [daughter . Baumgarten refers to the marriage of "[Kilikia] de Dithmarschen, fille du Comte Etheler" and Sviatoslav II Grand Prince of Kiev, adding that she was a different person from "Oda von Stade" who married Sviatoslav´s brother Vladimir and whom he identifies as Ida von Elstorf’s daughter by her first marriage (see the document SAXONY)[48]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m SVIATOSLAV Iaroslavich, son of IAROSLAV I "Mudriy/the Wise" Grand Prince of Kiev & his [second] wife Ingigerd Olafsdottir of Sweden (1027-27 Dec 1076, bur Chernigov, Church of the Redeemer).] e) [daughter . This affiliation of the wife of Konrad Graf von Haldensleben is proposed by Ernst Klebel[49]. The text in which this is proposed has not yet been consulted but it is assumed that the hypothesis is based on onomastics. Konrad's daughter was named Gertrud, and her granddaughter was named Ida, both names associated with the Brunswick family. The affiliation is not chronologically impossible, although it is tight given the known birth dates of some of Konrad's descendants. m KONRAD Graf von Haldensleben, son of BERNHARD Margraf der Nordmark & his wife --- Vladimirovna of Kiev.] 2. [daughter . The name and origin of the wife of Graf Thiemo [II] [Formbach] are unknown. Wegener suggests that she was the daughter of Bruno [I] Graf von Braunschweig to explain the transmission of the names Bruno and Ekbert into the family of the Grafen von Formbach[50]. This appears supported by "Conradus…Romanorum rex secundus" granting the right to market and minting coins in Dorf Neunkirchen to "consanguinei nostri Ekkerbti comitis" by charter dated [Jun/Jul] 1141[51], King Konrad III being the great grandson of Heinrich III King of Germany who was the son of Gisela of Swabia by her third husband King Konrad II. m THIEMO [II] Graf, son of THIEMO [I] [Dietmar] Graf im Schweinachgau & his wife --- (-killed in battle 28 Aug 1040).]
EKBERT [I] von Braunschweig, son of LIUDOLF Graf im Derlingau, Markgraf von Friesland & his wife Gertrud von Egisheim (-11 Jan 1068). The Annalista Saxo states "genuit autem Liudolfus ex Gertrude comitissa Brunonem, qui iuxta villam Niethorp occisus est, et Ekbertum seniorem marchionem"[52]. In a later passage it names "Brunone et Ecberto comitibus, filiis Liudolfi de Bruneswic qui fuerat patruus regis"[53]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated "comitatum quem Brun eiusque filius noster frater Liutolfus nec non et eius filius Echbreht comites…in pagis Northduringen, Darlingen, Valen, Salthga, Grethe, Mulbeze" to the church of Hildesheim by charter dated 1051[54]. The Annales of Lambert von Hersfeld record in 1057 that “Otto frater Wilhehelmi marchionis, sed matrimonio impari, matre...Slavia” had been exiled to Bohemia from boyhood but returned to Saxony after the death of his brother to claim his inheritance, fought “Brun et Eggeberdus patrueles regis”, killed “Brun”, and still “adolescentem” was killed by Ekbert[55]. Graf von Braunschweig. "Heinricus…rex" granted "comitatum Udonis marchionis" to the church of Bremen-Hamburg by charter dated 24 Oct 1063, with the consent of "Ottonis Baiuuariorum ducis, Bertoldi ducis, Ottonis marchionis, Fritherici comitis palatine, Ekkiberti comitis"[56]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "duas villas Hochfeld et Suueichusen cum foresto Heiligenforst in comitatu Gerhardi comitis in pago Nortcowe" to the church of Hildesheim by charter dated 10[6]5, supported by "duce Ottone, Ekkiberto comite, item Gotescalco comite"[57]. He was installed as EKBERT I Markgraf von Meissen in early 1067, as shown by the charter dated 5 Mar 1067 under which "Heinricus…rex" donated property "in pago Istria in marcha Odalrici marchionis" to the church of Freising supported by "Ekkiberti marchionis, Odalrici marchionis"[58]. He is not, however, referred to by the title Markgraf in two subsequent charters: "Heinricus…rex" granted property "Asingvu in pago Chunzingowe et in comitatu Ekkiberti comitis" to "mulieri cuidam Lantwich" by charter dated 1067[59], and "Heinricus…rex" granted property "villam Livbeni in pago Plisni in comitatu Ecberti comitis" to "Mecelino servienti nostro" by charter dated 18 Jul 1068[60]. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Jan 1068 of "Eghbertus marchio"[61]. m (1058) as her second husband, IRMGARD [Aemilia/Immula] di Susa, widow of OTTO von Schweinfurt Markgraf der Nordgau, daughter of MANFREDO UDALRICO Marchese di Susa and Turin & his wife Berta degli Obertenghi (-1078 before 29 Apr). The Annalista Saxo names "Emilias vel Immula seu Irmingardis", wife of Otto von Schweinfurt, as sister of "Adelas [uxor] Ottoni marchioni de Italia"[62]. No reference has yet been found to her second marriage. Ekbert [I] & his wife had two children: 1. EKBERT [II] von Braunschweig (-killed 3 Jul 1090). The Notæ Sancti Blasii name "Ecbertus, Gertrudim" as children of "Ecbertum [filium Ludolfi]"[63]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "pro remedio animæ marchionis Eggeberti…in pago Milsca in villa Goreliz sub comitatu Eggeberti filii predicti marchionis" to the cathedral of Meissen by charter dated 11 Dec 1071[64]. The Annalista Saxo describes "Ekberto comiti de Bruneswic" as patruelis of Emperor Konrad II, when recording the latter installing him as Markgraf, and names him "Ecbertus marchio iunior de Bruneswic et hec sine liberis obit" in an earlier passage[65]. Graf von Braunschweig. He was installed as EKBERT II Markgraf von Meissen. This was presumably after the death of his father as there is no record of any other appointment as Markgraf at that time, although Ekbert would have been very young then. The Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses record that "Ecbertus marchio" was the founder of "Cyriaci martyris"[66]. He supported anti-king Rudolf von Rheinfelden against Heinrich IV King of Germany during the war of investitures, as shown by the charter dated 25 Mar 1079 under which "Rudolfus…rex" donated property "Rokeborthurf in pago castri Zalin", on the request of "marchionis Ekiberti pro remedio patris eius pie memorie Ekiberti marchionis", to the church of Meissen[67]. This also demonstrates that his rebellion against King Heinrich in early 1086 or before was not a new development. The king deposed Ekbert as Markgraf and redistributed his property, as shown by the charters under which "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property to the church of Utrecht, dated 7 Feb 1086 in "comitatum Fresie nomine Ostrogowe et Westregowe…quam Eggebertus in hoc comitatu habuit"[68], and dated 3 Apr 1086 at "Islegowe…quam Ekbertus exinde habuerat" (which refers to "nos marchionem Ekbertum post priorem rebellionem adoptivus ille noster filius Ekbertus")[69]. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records that "Egbertus marchio" was killed in Jul 1090[70]. m (before 1080) ODA von Weimar, daughter of OTTO Graf von Weimar Markgraf von Meissen & his wife Adela de Louvain (-1111). The Annalista Saxo names (in order) "Odam, Cunigundam, Adelheidam" as the three daughters of Markgraf Otto by his wife, specifying that Oda married "Ecbertus marchio iunior de Bruneswic et hec sine liberis obit"[71]. 2. GERTRUD von Braunschweig ([1065]-9 Dec 1117). The Annalista Saxo names "Gertrudem, filiam Ekberti marchionis senioris, matrem Richenze inperatricis" as wife of Graf Dietrich [II][72]. In a later passage, it names "Gertrudis soror Ecberti marchionis iunioris" as wife of Graf Heinrich, specifying that she escaped with difficulty after her husband was killed[73]. Heiress of Braunschweig. The Genealogica Wettinensis names "Gerdrude que erat de Bruneswich" as wife of "marchio Heinricus"[74]. The Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses record that "Gertrudis marchionissa filia Ecberti" was the founder of "Sancti Egidii in Brunswik"[75]. A charter dated 1134, under which her son-in-law Emperor Lothar donated property to the monastery of St Marie at Brunswick, names "Gertrudis marchionissa, filia Ekeberti marchionis" as founder and also names "coniuge nostra Rikensa, eiusdem marchionisse filia…[et] filii sui Ottonis et filiarum, Richenze coniugis nostre et Gertrude Palatine comitisse"[76]. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Dec 1117 of "domina Ghertrudis marchionissa iunior"[77]. m firstly DIETRICH [II] Graf von Katlenburg, son of DIETRICH [I] Graf von Katlenburg [Stade] & his wife Bertrada of Holland (-1085). m secondly HEINRICH "der Fette" Graf von Northeim, son of OTTO Graf von Northeim Duke of Bavaria & his wife Richenza of Swabia [Ezzonen] (-killed in battle Frisia 1101). He was installed as Markgraf in Friesland by Emperor Heinrich III in 1101 but was killed while attempting to subdue the territory[78]. m thirdly ([1101/02]) HEINRICH I Markgraf von Meissen Graf von Eilenburg, Markgraf der Niederlausitz, son of DEDO [II] Markgraf der Niederlausitz [Wettin] & his second wife Adela de Louvain ([1070]-1103).
Chapter 2. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG
A. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG 1235-1369
WILHELM "der Dicke" von Sachsen, son of HEINRICH "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony & his second wife Matilda of England (Winchester [Jul] 1184-12 Dec 1213, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). The Chronicon Montis Serreni names (in order) "Heinricum comitem Palatinum Reni, Othonem imperatorem, Willehelmus de Luneburch, Luderum" as children of "Heinricus dux de Bruneswich" & his wife "soror Rikardi regis Anglie"[79]. The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis names "Willehelmus" as fourth son of "Heinricus dux" specifying that he was born in England, and was buried "in medio monasterio"[80]. His birth is recorded by Matthew Paris[81]. He remained in England after his parents returned to Germany in spring 1185[82]. He and his brother Otto were given to Emperor Heinrich VI as hostages in 1194 in return for the release of Richard I King of England[83]. Herzog von Lüneburg. He founded the town of Bleckede and granted it the trading rights which had been customary in Bardowick, a neighbouring town to Lüneburg whose trading interests had been harmed by the founding of Lübeck but whose decline was hastened after Wilhelm's father became lord of Lübeck in 1159[84]. “Willelmus de Luneburch...coniuge nostra Helena et filio nostro Ottone” granted freedoms to the town of Löwenstadt, with the consent of “comite Henrico de Dannenberch et filio ipsius Vulrado, Bernardo comite de Welepa, Wernero, Olrico, Henrico, Ottone comitibus de Luchow...”, by charter dated 28 Aug 1209[85]. The Annales Stadenses record the death of "Willehelmus de Luneburch" in 1212[86]. The Necrology of Lüneburg records the death "12 Dec" of "Wilhelmus dux"[87]. m (Hamburg Summer 1202) HELENA of Denmark, daughter of VALDEMAR I "den Store/the Great" King of Denmark & his wife Sofia --- ([1175/82]-Lüneburg 22 Nov [1233], bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). The Annales Stadenses records the betrothal in Hamburg in 1202 of "sororem ducis [Danorum] Helenam" and "fratri suo [=regis Otto] Willehelmo"[88]. “Willelmus de Luneburch...coniuge nostra Helena et filio nostro Ottone” granted freedoms to the town of Löwenstadt by charter dated 28 Aug 1209[89]. Iso Bishop of Verden confirmed that “domina de Luneborch...conmater nostra” had granted property, including “advocacia Walefrode” granted to “nepoti nostro filio comitis Bernardi de Wilpa”, to “filio eius domino de Luneborch”, then in prison, by charter dated 10 May 1228[90]. Wilhelm & his wife had one child: 1. OTTO von Lüneburg (1204-Braunschweig 9 Jun 1252, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). “Willelmus de Luneburch...coniuge nostra Helena et filio nostro Ottone” granted freedoms to the town of Löwenstadt by charter dated 28 Aug 1209[91]. The Annales Stadenses name "Ottonem…infantulum [filius] Willehelmi de Luneburch" in 1212[92]. "Otto dominus de Luneborch" donated property to Kloster Diesdorf by charter dated 25 Mar 1222[93]. He inherited Göttingen from his paternal uncle Heinrich Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, and in 1232 confirmed to its citizens the rights it had enjoyed under his predecessor[94]. He was created OTTO I "das Kind" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg at Mainz in Aug 1235. Like most northern German princes, Duke Otto supported Konrad IV King of Germany against the papal party until persuaded by Pope Innocent IV to support the latter, the new alliance being sealed by the marriage of anti-king Willem II Count of Holland to Duke Otto's daughter in 1252. The result was that Duke Otto participated in the second election of Willem II Count of Holland as King of Germany in Brunswick 25 Mar 1252, although he gave no support to Willem during the latter's campaign in Flanders in 1253[95]. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Jun 1252 of "dux Otto de Luneborch senior"[96]. m (end 1228) MATHILDE von Brandenburg, daughter of ALBRECHT II Markgraf von Brandenburg [Askanier] & his wife Mathilde von Lensberg [Wettin] ([1206/15]-10 Jun 1261). The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis names "Megthildem filiam Ottonis marchionis" as wife of "Ottonem filium [Willehelmi]"[97]. “Mechtildis...ducissa de Bruns” granted property to the citizens of Lüneburg, with the consent of “filiorum nostrorum Alberti, Johannis et Ottonis et filiarum nostrarum”, by charter dated 28 Apr 1248[98]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie records the death in 1261 of "Mechtildis uxor Otto de Lunenborch"[99]. Otto I & his wife had ten children: a) MATHILDE von Braunschweig (-25 Aug or 1 Dec 1297). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Mechtildim…Helenam…Alheidem…Helenam" as the daughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that Mathilde married "Henricus Pinguis comes de Anahalt" and later became Abbess of Gernrode[100]. She was Regent in Anhalt 1266-1270 during the minority of her son. "Mechtildis…comitissa Ascharie, princeps in Anehalt" confirmed an agreement between Helbert von Adersleben and Goslar convent by charter dated 28 Sep 1266[101]. "Mechtildis…comitissa Ascharie et princeps de Anhalt…cum filiis suis Ottone et Heinrico comitibus" agreed with Heinrich Graf von Honstein to renounce claims to woods at Heigenberg and Wintlite by charter dated 1266[102]. "Mechtildis relicta Heinrici comitis Ascharie et principis in Anehalt beate memorie cum filiis suis...Ottone comite Ascharie et principe in Anehalt ac domino Heinrico sancte Magdeburgensis ecclesie canonico” donated property to the Marienkloster at Aschersleben by charter dated 5 May 1281[103]. Abbess of Gernrode. m (dispensation 4o 18 May 1245) HEINRICH II Graf von Anhalt und Aschersleben, son of HEINRICH I "der Fette" Graf von Anhalt und Aschersleben & his wife Irmgard von Thüringen (-[12 Jun/28 Sep] 1266). b) HELENE von Braunschweig (18 Mar 1223-6 Sep 1273, bur Wittenberg Franciscans). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Mechtildim…Helenam…Alheidem…Helenam" as the daughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that the first "Helenam" married firstly "Hermannus dominus Hassie, filius beate Elisabeth" and secondly "Albertus dux Saxonie"[104]. The Annales Stadenses records the marriage "1239 die Dyonisii" of "Hermannus filius sanctæ Elizabeth" and "Elenam filiam ducis Ottonis de Brunswich"[105]. The Annales Sancti Pantaleonis Coloniensis record that "Hermannus landgravius filius sancte Elysabeth" married "filiam ducis de Brunswich"[106]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Helenam filiam Ottonis de Brunswick" as third wife of "Albertus dux"[107]. She founded the Franciscan Monastery at Wittenberg: an epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death “VIII Id Sep” 1273 of “domina Helena coniunx Alberti I ducis Saxoniæ elect. filia ducis Ottonis de Brunsvig. Fundatrix huius cœnobii”[108]. m firstly ([9 Oct 1239]) HERMANN II Landgraf of Thuringia, son of LUDWIG IV "der Heilige" Landgraf of Thuringia & his wife Erszébet of Hungary (-Kreuzberg 3 Jan 1241). m secondly ([1247/48]) as his third wife, ALBRECHT I Duke of Saxony, son of BERNHARD I Duke of Saxony, Graf von Aschersleben und von Anhalt & his wife Judyta of Poland (-[27 Sep/7 Nov] 1260, bur Lehnin). c) ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-27 May 1266, bur Middelburg Monastery). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Willem and "Elisabeth filiam ducis de Brunswijc"[109]. Her parentage is confirmed by the Cronica Principum Saxonie which names (in order) "Mechtildim…Helenam…Alheidem…Helenam" as the daughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that the second "Helenam" (an error for "Elisabetham") married "Wilhelmus de Hollandia rex"[110]. The date is supplied by the Annales Erphordenses which record the marriage "1252 VIII Kal Feb in beati Pauli Brunswic" of "filiam ducis Brunswicensis" and "rex Wilhelmus"[111]. Her marriage was arranged by Pope Innocent IV to attract support for the papal party from princes in northern Germany, which had until then remained in the Hohenstaufen camp[112]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death in 1256 of "matrona Elizabeth Romanorum regina" and her burial at Middelburg monastery[113]. m (Braunschweig 25 Jan 1252) WILLEM II Count of Holland King of Germany, son of FLORIS IV Count of Holland & his wife Mathilde de Brabant (1227-killed in battle near Hoogwoude 28 Jan 1256, bur 1262 Middleburg). d) OTTO von Braunschweig (-[16 Jan 1247], bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Ottonem…Albertum…Iohannem…Conradum…Ottonem" as the sons of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that the first Otto died "cadens de vehiculo glaciali"[114]. He presumably died before 28 Apr 1248, the date of his mother’s charter in which he is not named. e) ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (1236-Braunschweig 15 Aug 1279, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Albertum" second in its list of children of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife[115]. He succeeded his father in 1252 as ALBRECHT I "der Große" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg. - see below. f) JOHANN von Braunschweig, ([1242]-13 Dec 1277, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Ottonem…Albertum…Iohannem…Conradum…Ottonem" as the sons of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife[116]. He succeeded in 1267 as JOHANN Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg. - see below. g) OTTO von Braunschweig (-4 Jul 1279, bur Hildesheim Cathedral). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Ottonem…Albertum…Iohannem…Conradum…Ottonem" as the sons of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that the second Otto was "episcopum Hildensemensem" and died in 1279[117]. “Mechtildis...ducissa de Bruns” granted property to the citizens of Lüneburg, with the consent of “filiorum nostrorum Alberti, Johannis et Ottonis et filiarum nostrarum”, by charter dated 28 Apr 1248[118]. Postulat at Hildesheim cathedral 1260. Elected Bishop of Hildesheim 1264, installed 1274. Canon at Bremen cathedral. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Jul 1279 of "Otto episcopus Hildens. frater Alberti ducis senioris"[119]. h) KONRAD von Braunschweig (-15 Sep 1299, bur Verdun St André). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Ottonem…Albertum…Iohannem…Conradum…Ottonem" as the sons of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that Konrad ceased to be "prepositus…in Bremen" and later was elected "in Verdensem episcopum"[120]. Provost at Bremen cathedral 1269. Bishop of Verden 1283. “Heinricus dux de Bruneswich” settled a debt with Kloster Walkenried incurred by “clare memorie patris nostri quondam ducis Alberti”, with the consent of “fratrum nostrorum Alberti, Ottonis, Willehelmi, Conradi, Luderi”, by charter dated 1282, witnessed by “Conradus Verdensis ecclesie episcopus patruus noster...”[121]. i) ADELHEID von Braunschweig (-12 Jun 1274, bur Marburg Elisabethkirche). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Mechtildim…Helenam…Alheidem…Helenam" as the daughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that Adelheid married "Henricus dominus Hassie, filius filie beate Elisabet"[122]. The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the betrothal in 1258 of "Heinricus lantgravium Hesse" and "ducem de Brunswig Albertum filiam"[123]. An epitaph at Marburg records her burial[124]. m (before 26 Mar 1262) as his first wife, HEINRICH I Landgraf of Thuringia Herr von Hessen, son of HENRI II Duke of Brabant & his second wife Sophie von Thüringen Heiress of Hessen (24 Jun 1244-Marburg 21 Dec 1308, bur Marburg Elisabethkirche). He succeeded in 1264 as HEINRICH I "das Kind" Landgraf Herr von Hessen. Created Fürst by Imperial Order 10 May 1292. j) AGNES von Braunschweig (-[28/31] Dec 1327). The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "Agnetem" as youngest daughter of "Ottonem senior ex Mechthilde" and her husband "Wizlaus dominus Rugie"[125]. Canoness at Quedlinburg 1263. m ([1263/65]) WIZLAW II Fürst von Rügen, son of JAROMAR II Fürst von Rügen & his wife Euphemia von Pommerellen (-Oslo 29 Dec 1302, bur Oslo).
ALBRECHT von Braunschweig, son of OTTO I “dem Kind” Herzog von Braunschweig & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg [Askanier] (1236-Braunschweig 15 Aug 1279, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Albertum" second in its list of children of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife[126]. “Mechtildis...ducissa de Bruns” granted property to the citizens of Lüneburg, with the consent of “filiorum nostrorum Alberti, Johannis et Ottonis et filiarum nostrarum”, by charter dated 28 Apr 1248[127]. He succeeded his father in 1252 as ALBRECHT I "der Große" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg. Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Braunschweig 1267, 1269. The Annales Lubicenses record the death in 1279 of "Albertus dux de Brunswich"[128]. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in 1279 of "princeps Albertus senior dux in Brunswik"[129]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie records the death "1279 in die assumptionis" of "Albertum"[130]. The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium records the death "1279 die assumptionis beate virginis" of "Albertus" and his burial "Brunswic in ecclesia sancti Blasii"[131]. The necrology of Visbeck records the death "XVIII Kal Sep" of "Albertus dux de Bruneswic"[132]. m firstly (Braunschweig 13 Jul 1254) ELISABETH de Brabant, daughter of HENRI II Duke of Brabant & his second wife Sophie von Thüringen (1243-17 Apr or 9 Oct 1261, bur Braunschweig). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Elisabeth ducissam de Bruynswiich" as the daughter of "Henricus secundus et quintus dux Brabancie" and his second wife Sophia[133]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie refers to the first wife of "Albertum" as "filiam ducis Brabancie"[134]. The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "Elyzabet filiam ducis Brabancie" as wife of "Albertus", specifying that she died childless in 1261[135]. m secondly (contract 6 Oct 1262, Kenilworth 1 Nov 1266) as her first husband, ALESSINA di Monferrato, daughter of BONIFACIO II Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Marguerite de Savoie (-6 Feb 1285). The marriage contract between “duci Bruneswik” and “sororem marchionis Montis Ferati” is dated 6 Oct 1262[136]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1267 of "dux de Bruneswiche" and "filiam Marchisi de Monteferato, cognatam regine" at Kenilworth[137]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "filiam marchionis Montis-Ferrati Aleidem" as second wife of "Albertus"[138]. She married secondly (1282) as his second wife, Gerhard I Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg zu Itzehoe. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Feb 1285 of "Allexina ducissa in Brunswich et cometissa Holsacie, soror comitis Montisferranum"[139]. Albrecht I & his second wife had seven children: 1. HEINRICH von Braunschweig ([Aug] 1267-Salzderhelden 7 Sep 1322, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). The Annales Lubicenses name "Heinricus [et] Albertus" as sons of "Albertus dux de Brunswich"[140]. He succeeded his father in 1279 as HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg. Herzog von Braunschweig in Everstein 1285, in Grubenhagen und Salzderhelden 1291. - HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-GRUBENHAGEN. 2. ALBRECHT von Braunschweig ([1268]-22 Sep 1318, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). The Annales Lubicenses name "Heinricus [et] Albertus" as sons of "Albertus dux de Brunswich", specifying that Albrecht was "vir pinguis et probus sed gulosus"[141]. He succeeded in 1291 as ALBRECHT II "der Fette/der Feiste" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Göttingen, also in Braunschweig 1294. - HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-GÖTTINGEN. 3. OTTO von Braunschweig (1271-[17 Apr 1345/13 Dec 1347]). The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names (in order) "Henricum, Albertum, Wilhelmum, Conradum, Othonem, Luderum et Mechtildem" as children of "Albertus" & his second wife[142]. “Heinricus dux de Bruneswich” settled a debt with Kloster Walkenried incurred by “clare memorie patris nostri quondam ducis Alberti”, with the consent of “fratrum nostrorum Alberti, Ottonis, Willehelmi, Conradi, Luderi”, by charter dated 1282[143]. Comtur of the Order of Knights Templar at Süpplingenburg 1303/04. 4. WILHELM von Braunschweig ([1270]-Braunschweig 30 Sep 1292, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names (in order) "Henricum, Albertum, Wilhelmum, Conradum, Othonem, Luderum et Mechtildem" as children of "Albertus" & his second wife[144]. “Heinricus dux de Bruneswich” settled a debt with Kloster Walkenried incurred by “clare memorie patris nostri quondam ducis Alberti”, with the consent of “fratrum nostrorum Alberti, Ottonis, Willehelmi, Conradi, Luderi”, by charter dated 1282[145]. He succeeded in 1291 as WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Sep 1292 of "dux Willilhelmus filius ducis Alberti senioris"[146]. m (1290) as her first husband, ELISABETH von Hessen, daughter of HEINRICH I "das Kind" Landgraf Herr von Hessen [later Fürst] & his second wife Mechtild von Kleve ([1276]-after 6 Jul 1306). The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not been identified. She married secondly ([1 Dec 1294]) Gerhard [V] Herr von Eppstein. 5. KONRAD von Braunschweig ([1273]-Süpplingenburg 1303, bur Letznersdorf). The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names (in order) "Henricum, Albertum, Wilhelmum, Conradum, Othonem, Luderum et Mechtildem" as children of "Albertus" & his second wife[147]. “Heinricus dux de Bruneswich” settled a debt with Kloster Walkenried incurred by “clare memorie patris nostri quondam ducis Alberti”, with the consent of “fratrum nostrorum Alberti, Ottonis, Willehelmi, Conradi, Luderi”, by charter dated 1282[148]. 6. LÜDER von Braunschweig ([1275]-near Stuhm 18 Apr 1335, bur Königsberg Cathedral). The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names (in order) "Henricum, Albertum, Wilhelmum, Conradum, Othonem, Luderum et Mechtildem" as children of "Albertus" & his second wife[149]. “Heinricus dux de Bruneswich” settled a debt with Kloster Walkenried incurred by “clare memorie patris nostri quondam ducis Alberti”, with the consent of “fratrum nostrorum Alberti, Ottonis, Willehelmi, Conradi, Luderi”, by charter dated 1282[150]. Comtur of the Teutonic Order of Knights at Frankfurt-am-Main 1287, Knight 1297. He succeeded Werner von Orseln as Grand Master of the Teutonic Order of Knights 17 Feb 1331. He adopted a more hostile policy towards Poland. Despite their defeat by Polish forces at Płowce 27 Sep 1331, the Teutonic Knights captured Brześć and Inowrocław in 1332. The Annales Terræ Prussicæ record the death in 1335 of "magister Lutherus dux de Braunschweigk"[151]. 7. MECHTILD von Braunschweig ([1276]-[26 Apr/31 Aug] 1318, bur Glogau). The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names (in order) "Henricum, Albertum, Wilhelmum, Conradum, Othonem, Luderum et Mechtildem" as children of "Albertus" & his second wife[152]. The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "duci Glogovie" as husband of "Mechtildis [filia Alberti]" and their marriage "1291 mense Maio"[153]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "Heinrico Glogoviensis" married "Mechtildim filiam Alberti ducis Brunswicensis", adding that she was buried "in Glogovia"[154]. The Epytaphia ducum Slezie name "Mechtildam, filiam ducis de Brunzwik" as wife of "Heynricus dux Glogowie", specifying that she was buried in Lüben[155]. m (May 1291) HEINRICH I Duke of Glogau, son of KONRAD I Duke of Glogau [Piast] & his first wife Salomea of Poland [Piast] ([1251/60]-[7/9] Dec 1309, bur Kloster Leubus).
JOHANN von Braunschweig, son of OTTO I “dem Kind” Herzog von Braunschweig & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg [Askanier] ([1242]-13 Dec 1277, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Ottonem…Albertum…Iohannem…Conradum… Ottonem" as the sons of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife[156]. “Mechtildis...ducissa de Bruns” granted property to the citizens of Lüneburg, with the consent of “filiorum nostrorum Alberti, Johannis et Ottonis et filiarum nostrarum”, by charter dated 28 Apr 1248[157]. He succeeded in 1267 as JOHANN Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Dec 1277 of "Iohannes dux de Luneborch"[158]. The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium records the death "1277 XVII Kal Ian" of "Johannes"[159]. m (Hamburg 1265, after 15 Jul) as her first husband, LIUTGARD von Holstein, daughter of GERHARD I Graf von Holstein in Itzehoe & his first wife Elisabeth von Mecklenburg ([1251]-after 28 Feb 1289, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). The Annales Hamburgenses record the marriage in 1265 at Hamburg of "dux Iohannes de Bruneswich" and "filiam comitis Gerardi"[160]. "Gerhardus et Johannes comites Holsatie" confirmed property held by "Herboldus de Herboldessen", with the consent of "heredum nostrorum…Ludgardis ducisse de Luneburg, Elisabeth comitisse de Welpia, Gerhardi, Adolphi, Henrici, Alberti, filiorum nostrorum et…aliarum filiarum nostrarum Heilewigis et Mechtildis", by charter dated 17 Aug 1272[161]. She married secondly (Papal dispensation 28 Feb 1289) as his first wife, Albrecht I Graf von Anhalt in Köthen. Pope Nicholas IV granted dispensation for the marriage of "Alberti comitis de Anahalt” and “Lutgardis nate...Gerardi comitis de Holtsatia” despite their 4o consanguinity, dated 28 Feb 1289[162]. Johann & his wife had five children: 1. OTTO von Braunschweig (-9/10 Apr 1330, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "Otto" as son of "Johannes" and his wife, and records his death in 1329[163]. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Otto”, who succeeded his father, as the son of “Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Otten sone” and his wife[164]. He succeeded his father in 1277 as OTTO II "der Strenge" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg. Siegfried Bishop of Hildesheim granted Schloß Lauenrode and the city of Hannover to “ducem Ottonem de Bruneswic...et tres sorores sue Megthildis, Elizabet et Elena” by charter dated 10 Dec 1283[165]. A testament of “Otte...Hertoghe tho Brun un to Luneb” dated 28 Nov 1315 bequeathed his property to “unsen sonen...Otten un Wilhelme”[166]. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records the death in 1330 of “Hertoghe Otto to Lunenborch”[167]. m firstly --- von Oldenburg, daughter of OTTO [II] Graf von Oldenburg & his wife Oda --- (-before 1287). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 30 Jan 1302 under which [her father] “Otto...comes de Oldenborch...[et] filius noster” sold “dominium et cometiam Welpie”, received from “viro nobili domino Ottone comite Welpie”, to “domino Ottoni duci de Bruns. et Luneb. genero nostro”[168]. m secondly (Dispensation 4o Würzburg 29 Mar 1287, [24 Apr/7 Aug] 1288) MECHTILD von Bayern, daughter of LUDWIG II "der Strenge" Duke of Bavaria, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein & his third wife Mechtild von Habsburg (1275-Lüneburg 28 Mar 1319, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). A charter dated 28 Feb 1287 records the agreement between "domino Lodwico comiti palatino Reni et duci Bawarie" and "Otto…dux de Braunswich et Luneburch" regarding the marriage of the latter with "una filiarum" of the former[169]. The Papal legate issued a dispensation for the marriage of "Ottoni duci de Loeunenburch" and "Mæchtildi nate…Lodowici comitis palatini Reni et Bawarie ducis", despite their 4o consanguinity, dated 29 Mar 1287[170]. The marriage contract between "dominus Lodwicus…comes palatinus Reni, dux Bawarie…Mæhthildem filiam suam antiquiorem" and "Otto Brunswicensis et Lunenburgensis dux" is dated 19 Apr 1287[171]. The citizens of Lüneburg swore allegiance to “Otto dux de Bruneswik et Luneborch...domine nostre Meichtildi collaterali sue filie...Lodewici...comitis Palatini Reni ducis Bawarie” by charter dated 7 Aug 1288[172]. Mistress (1): GERTRUD von Winsen, daughter of ---. Lyssmann names her as mother of Otto’s illegitimate son Ludolf von Lüneburg, without citing the primary source which confirms this information[173]. The primary source which confirms her family origin and relationship with Duke Otto has not been identified. Otto II & his second wife had eight children: a) MECHTILD von Braunschweig . Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the following document: “Nycolaus et Johannes...domini de Werle” held harmless “nostro awunculo comiti Zwerinensi domino Nycolao” relating to obligations from “duci Luneborgensi domino Ottoni...et filio eiusdem” concerning the dowry of “filie ducis eiusdem domine Mechtildi” by charter dated 10 Jul 1314 at Crivitz[174]. m ([10 Jul 1314]) as his second wife, NIKOLAUS [II] Herr von Werle zu Parchim, son of JOHANN [I] Herr von Werle zu Parchim [Mecklenburg] & his wife Sophie von Lindau-Ruppin (-Pustow 12 Oct 1316). b) JOHANN von Braunschweig (-[8/28] Sep 1324, bur Walsrode. Canon at Minden cathedral 1313. Canon at Hildesheim cathedral. “Johannes filius ducis de Luneborch canonicus maioris ecclesie Hildensem” bought property from “domini Bernhardi de Dorstat scolastici ibidem bone memorie” by charter dated 9 Mar 1315[175]. “Johan un Lodewich Sone dhes...hertoghen Otten van Brunesw unde van Luneborch unde...hertoghinne Mechtelde” reached agreement concerning certain properties, with the consent of “unse...brodhere Otten unde Willehelme”, by charter dated 6 Dec 1318[176]. Scholasticus and administrator at Bremen cathedral 1315-1322. Canon at Minden cathedral 1324. c) OTTO von Braunschweig (1296-19 Aug 1352, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). “Lud dictus de Selcinghe” bequeathed his property to “domicellis Ottoni et Wilhlemo fratribus ducibus de Brunsw et Luneb dominis meis” by charter dated 22 Sep 1315[177]. A testament of “Otte...Hertoghe tho Brun un to Luneb” dated 28 Nov 1315 bequeathed his property to “unsen sonen...Otten un Wilhelme”[178]. He succeeded his father in 1330 as OTTO III joint Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg, jointly with his brother Wilhelm. “Otto et Wilhelmus domicelli de Brunswik et Luneborch” granted property to “Mechtildam filiam...Hinrici domini quondam de Meklenborch, collateralem...nostri Ottonis predicti” by way of dower by charter dated 1 May 1330[179]. m (contract Artlenburg 11 Aug 1307, Papal dispensation 4o Poitiers 4 May 1308, 22 Mar 1310) MECHTILD von Mecklenburg, daughter of HEINRICH [II] "der Löwe" Herr von Mecklenburg und Stargard & his first wife Beatrix von Brandenburg (1293-3 Jun after 1358, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). The marriage contract between “hertegh Otte van Bruneswic unde van Luneborch” and “her Hinriche von Mekelenburg unde von Stargarde...siner dochter Mechtilde” is dated 11 Aug 1307[180]. “Otto et Wilhelmus domicelli de Brunswik et Luneborch” confirmed that “Mechtildem filiam...Hinrici domini quondam de Meklenborch, collateralem...nostri Ottonis predicti” had received “theloneo saline in Luneboch ac...theloneo civitatis Vlsen” as dower, by charter dated 25 Feb 1330[181]. “Otto et Wilhelmus domicelli de Brunswik et Luneborch” granted property to “Mechtildam filiam...Hinrici domini quondam de Meklenborch, collateralem...nostri Ottonis predicti” by way of dower by charter dated 1 May 1330[182]. Otto III & his wife had three children: i) OTTO von Braunschweig (-Emmendorf in der Ilmenau young). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Otto”, who drowned “in der Elmenauwe do he eyn jungelyng was”, as the son of “Hertoghe Otto, Hertoghen Otten sone to Lunenborch” and his wife[183]. ii) ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-20 Feb [1386]). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Abbess of Wienhausen 1359-1381. iii) MECHTILD von Braunschweig (-7 Sep before 1357). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Mettilda”, who married “den Greven van Woltegghe”, as the daughter of “Hertoghe Otto, Hertoghen Otten sone to Lunenborch” and his wife[184]. Adelheid Abbess of Minden St. Maria granted brotherhood to “dominis Ottoni et Wilhelmo fratribus ac ducibus in Lunenborch atque...ducisse Mechtildi necnon Mechtildi eius filie” by charter dated 15 May 1330[185]. “Greve Heinrich von Waldecke, her Ebirhart unde Lodewich broder, Otte, Diderich unde Heinrich Sune des silven greuen von Waldecke” agreed the marriage of “Otte unse Sun greven Heinrikes von Waldecke” and “Otten unde...Wilhelme brodern hertoghen von Brunswich...Mechtilde dochter des...hertogen Otten” by charter dated 29 Aug 1339[186]. m (Dispensation Avignon 11 Apr 1335 & 5 Jun 1339, contract 29 Aug 1339) as his first wife, OTTO [II] Graf von Waldeck, son of HEINRICH [II] Graf von Waldeck & his wife Adelheid von Kleve (-11 Nov [1369]). d) WILHELM von Braunschweig (-23 Nov 1369, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). “Lud dictus de Selcinghe” bequeathed his property to “domicellis Ottoni et Wilhlemo fratribus ducibus de Brunsw et Luneb dominis meis” by charter dated 22 Sep 1315[187]. A testament of “Otte...Hertoghe tho Brun un to Luneb” dated 28 Nov 1315 bequeathed his property to “unsen sonen...Otten un Wilhelme”[188]. He succeeded his father in 1330 as WILHELM joint Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg, jointly with his brother Otto III. “Otto et Wilhelmus domicelli de Brunswik et Luneborch” granted property to “Mechtildam filiam...Hinrici domini quondam de Meklenborch, collateralem...nostri Ottonis predicti” by way of dower by charter dated 1 May 1330[189]. He ruled solely after his brother's death 1352. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records the death in 1368 of “Hertoghe Wilhelm to Lunenborch” and his burial at Lüneburg[190]. m firstly (before 7 Apr 1328) HEDWIG von Ravensberg, daughter of OTTO [IV] Graf von Ravensberg & his wife Margareta von Berg (-5 Dec 1336, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). "Otto comes in Ravensberge et Margardta comitissa" granted "domum…in Hallelo in parochia Holte" to "Thiderico…Vincken", with the consent of "heredum nostrorum…Hadewigis et Margarete", by charter dated 14 May 1322[191]. "Bernhardus de Ravensberghe prepositus et advocatus bonorum ecclesie Schildeschensis" sold property to "ecclesie nostre Schildeschensis", with the consent of "domine Margarete relicte quondam domini Ottonis comitis fratris nostri, nec non domine Hadewigis ducisse de Luneborg et Margarete domicille suarum filiarum", by charter dated 29 Jul 1330[192]. m secondly MARIA, daughter of --- (-before 2 Feb 1341). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertogen Otten sone to Lunenborch” married four times, one of whom (named first) “Maria...des Koniges dochter van Paioriken”[193]. The reliability of this information is uncertain as the same source misrecords Wilhelm’s other three wives and the order of their marriages. Another primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified. m thirdly (Magdeburg 12 Mar 1346) SOPHIE von Anhalt, daughter of BERNHARD III Fürst von Anhalt in Bernburg & his first wife Agnes von Sachsen-Wittenberg (-18 Dec 1362, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). The marriage contract between “Bernhard...Vorste tu Anhalt Greue tu Asschanien Herre tu Berneburch...unse Dochter” and “Hertogen Wilhelme von Brunswik un von Luneburch” is dated 2 Feb 1341[194]. m fourthly (24 Jun 1363) AGNES von Sachsen-Lauenburg, daughter of ERICH II Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Agnes von Holstein (-after 7 Jan 1387, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Wilhelm & his first wife had one child: i) ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-17 Apr 1384). The Chronicon Holtzatiæ refers to the wife of "Nicolaus comes" as mother of "Alberti ducis Saxonie"[195]. The marriage contract between “Rudolf...Hertzoge zu Sachsen zu Angern zu Westphan Greue zu Bren und Obirster marscalk Des heilichen Romischen Riches...unser Sun Hertzoge Otte” and “hertzogen Wilhelms tochter...Elspet von Brunswik” is dated 10 Oct 1339[196]. m firstly (contract 10 Oct 1339, dispensation 3o & 4o Avignon 22 Sep 1346) OTTO von Sachsen-Wittenberg, son of RUDOLF I Herzog von Sachsen-Wittenberg & his first wife Judith von Brandenburg (-30 Mar 1350). m secondly (1354) NIKOLAUS von Holstein-Rendsburg, son of GERHARD III "der Grosse" Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg Herzog von Schleswig & his wife Sophie von Werle ([1321]-8 May 1397, bur Itzehoe). He succeeded in 1390 as NIKOLAUS Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg. Wilhelm & his second wife had one child: ii) MECHTILD von Braunschweig ([1338/41]-after 16 May 1410). The marriage contract between “Wilhelm Hertoghe to Brunsw unde to Luneborch...Mechtilde use dochter” and “Hertoghe Magnus van Brunsw...Lodewich sin Sone” is dated 23 Jun 1355[197]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified. m firstly (contract 23 Jun 1355, dispensation Avignon 20 Jan 1359) LUDWIG Herzog von Braunschweig, son of MAGNUS I "dem Frommen" Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen & his wife Sophie von Brandenburg (-5 Nov 1367, bur Wienhausen). Co-regent in Lüneburg 1355. m secondly (25 Jun 1368) OTTO I Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Schaumburg und Pinneberg, son of ADOLF VII Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Schaumburg und Pinneberg & his second wife Heilwig zur Lippe (-16 Mar 1404). e) LUDWIG von Braunschweig (-18 Jul 1346, bur Walsrode Klosterkirche). Canon at Lübeck cathedral 1312. “Johan un Lodewich Sone dhes...hertoghen Otten van Brunesw unde van Luneborch unde...hertoghinne Mechtelde” reached agreement concerning certain properties, with the consent of “unse...brodhere Otten unde Willehelme”, by charter dated 6 Dec 1318[198]. Provost of St Blasius at Braunschweig until 1325. Bishop of Minden 1324. f) SOPHIA von Braunschweig (-before 2 Jan 1357). “Symon comes de Dassele” donated property to the church of Hildesheim St. Bartholomäi, with the consent of “nostræ...contoralis Sophie comitisse et...Ottonis ducis Br.”, by charter dated 17 May 1325[199]. m SIMON Graf von Dassel, son of LUDOLF [VI] Graf von Dassel & his wife Ermengarde von Rietburg (-[17 May 1325/16 Jan 1326]). g) LUITGARD von Braunschweig (-16 Apr 1338). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Abbess of Wienhausen 1328/36. h) JUTTA von Braunschweig (-16 Aug 1342). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Abbess of Wienhausen 1338. Otto II had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1): i) LUDOLF von Lüneburg (-1355). Lyssmann names him as illegitimate son of Duke Otto II by Gertrud von Winsen, named after her brother Ludolf von Winsen, without citing the primary source which confirms this information[200]. Ludolf’s family connections are not indicated in any of his charters reproduced by Lyssmann. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. 1326/55. Provost at Medingen. 2. AGNES von Braunschweig (-before 27 Jun 1297). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Angenese”, who married “Greve Gardewyn to Hanymersleve”, fourth of the four daughters of “Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Otten sone” and his wife[201]. She presumably married before 10 Dec 1283, the date of the charter which names her brother and three sisters, suggesting (if correct) that Agnes was probably the oldest of her father’s daughters as she married first. In turn, that suggests that her husband was more probably Werner von Hadmersleben rather than his nephew Gardewin. The primary source which records her marriage more accurately has not been identified. m (before 10 Dec 1283) WERNER [I] von Hadmersleben Graf zu Friedeburg Herr von Egeln, son of OTTO [I] von Hadmersleben & his wife Jutta von Blankenburg (-1331). 3. MECHTILD von Braunschweig (-Wienhausen 8 Jan after 1308, bur Kloster Wienhausen). Siegfried Bishop of Hildesheim granted Schloß Lauenrode and the city of Hannover to “ducem Ottonem de Bruneswic...et tres sorores sue Megthildis, Elizabet et Elena” by charter dated 10 Dec 1283[202]. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Mettilda”, who married “Hinrick van Wenden”, second of the four daughters of “Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Otten sone” and his wife[203]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 14 Aug 1295 under which “Otto...marchio Brandenb.” agreed with “avunculo nostro domino Ott....Duce de Lunenborch” not make alliances against “dominis Slavie” unless “nepti nostre sorori ipsius relicte domini H. de Werle” made a second marriage against the advice of her friends[204]. “Nicholaus...comes Zuerinensis” acted as guarantor for “domino Nicholao de Werle” in respect of a debt owed to “Ottoni duci de Brun et Lun ac...domine Meichtildi sorori sue...quondam relicte...domini Hinrici de Werle pie memorie” by charter dated 11 May 1301[205]. m (1291) as his second wife, HEINRICH [I] Herr zu Werle zu Güstrow, son of NIKOLAUS [I] Herr zu Werle zu Rostock [Mecklenburg] & his wife Jutta von Anhalt (-murdered near Saal, Rügen 8 Oct 1291). 4. ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-[20 May 1294/1298]). Siegfried Bishop of Hildesheim granted Schloß Lauenrode and the city of Hannover to “ducem Ottonem de Bruneswic...et tres sorores sue Megthildis, Elizabet et Elena” by charter dated 10 Dec 1283[206]. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Elisabeth”, who married “Greve Cord to Warnichrode” [apparently confusing her with her sister Helene, see below], third of the four daughters of “Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Otten sone” and his wife[207]. The primary source which confirms her marriage more accurately has not been identified. m (before 7 Mar 1294) JOHANN [II] Graf von Oldenburg, son of CHRISTIAN [III] Graf von Oldenburg & his first wife Hedwig --- (-[7 Sep 1314/4 Dec 1316). 5. HELENE von Braunschweig (-4 Mar ----, bur Wernigerode St Silvestri). Siegfried Bishop of Hildesheim granted Schloß Lauenrode and the city of Hannover to “ducem Ottonem de Bruneswic...et tres sorores sue Megthildis, Elizabet et Elena” by charter dated 10 Dec 1283[208]. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Helena”, who married “den Greven to Oldenborch” [apparently confusing her with her sister Elisabeth, see above], first of the four daughters of “Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Otten sone” and his wife[209]. The primary source which confirms her marriage more accurately has not been identified. m (before 1315) KONRAD [III] Graf von Wernigerode, son of --- (-22 Jul 1339, bur Wernigerode St Silvestri). Johann had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: 6. HEINRICH von Braunschweig (-before 23 Aug 1324). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Provost at Walsrode 1306/23.
B. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-GRUBENHAGEN 1291-1596
The Grubenhagen line was studied by Zimmermann in the early 20th century[210]. His work has not been consulted.
HEINRICH von Braunschweig, son of ALBRECHT "der Große" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg & his second wife Alessina di Monferrato ([Aug] 1267-Salzderhelden 7 Sep 1322, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). The Annales Lubicenses name "Heinricus [et] Albertus" as sons of "Albertus dux de Brunswich"[211]. He succeeded his father in 1279 as HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg. “Heinricus dux de Bruneswich” settled a debt with Kloster Walkenried incurred by “clare memorie patris nostri quondam ducis Alberti”, with the consent of “fratrum nostrorum Alberti, Ottonis, Willehelmi, Conradi, Luderi”, by charter dated 1282, witnessed by “Conradus Verdensis ecclesie episcopus patruus noster...”[212]. Herzog von Braunschweig in Everstein 1285, in Grubenhagen und Salzderhelden 1291. "Henricus dux de Buneswich" donated property to Kloster Diesdorf by charter dated 30 May 1291 for the soul of "pater noster…clare memorie Dux Albertus quondam de Bruneswich"[213]. Pfalzgraf von Sachsen 1320. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death "Nativitas Sancte Marie 1322" of "princeps dux Hinricus de Brunswich filius ducis Alberti senioris"[214]. m (1282 before 21 Jul) AGNES von Meissen, daughter of ALBRECHT "dem Entarteten" Markgraf von Meissen & his first wife Margareta von Hohenstaufen (before 1264-after 1 Feb 1332). The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "filiam Alberti lantgravii Thuringie Agnetem" as wife of "Henricus [filius Alberti]"[215]. Her name is confirmed by the charter dated 7 Sep 1318 under which “Widekind von Garsnebutle” and others granted reversion of property to “Hertoghe Hinrich von Bruneswich...siner husvrowen Hertoghinnen Agnesen...sinen sune Hinrike”[216]. Heinrich I & his wife had sixteen children: 1. ALSINE von Braunschweig ([1282]-after 17 Nov 1312). A charter of Duke Heinrich dated 21 Sep 1309 names three sons “Henricus, Ernestus, Wilhelmus” and three daughters “Alsine, Alheidis, Facie”[217]. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Elizabeth”, who married “den Greven van Bichlinge”, third of the three daughters of “Hertoghe Hinrick...Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick” and his wife[218]. Her marriage date suggests that the wife of Friedrich Graf von Beichlingen was one of her parents’ older children. m ([1306]) as his second wife, FRIEDRICH Graf von Beichlingen in Rothenburg, son of FRIEDRICH [VI] Graf von Beichlingen & his wife Lukardis --- (-after 5 Jun 1331). 2. OTTO von Braunschweig ([1283]-before 21 Sep 1309). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. He presumably died before the 21 Sep 1309 charter which names his three brothers. 3. ALBRECHT von Braunschweig ([1284]-after 1341). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Knight of the Teutonic Order 1320/31. Comtur of the Teutonic Order in Mewe 1332/33. Landcomtur of the Teutonic Order in Prussia 1336, in Etsch 1335/38. 4. ADELHEID von Braunschweig ([1285]-18 Aug 1320, bur Stams). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Angenes”, who married “den Hertoghen van Karnicien”, second of the three daughters of “Hertoghe Hinrick...Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick” and his wife[219]. m (Innsbruck 18 Sep 1315) as his second wife, HEINRICH II Duke of Carinthia, HEINRICH VI Graf von Tirol, son of MEINHARD II Duke of Carinthia [MEINHARD IV Graf von Görz und Tirol] & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern (-Schloß Tirol 2 Apr 1335, bur Stams). 5. FACIE von Braunschweig ([1286]-[21 Sep 1309/17 Nov 1312]). A charter of Duke Heinrich dated 21 Sep 1309 names three sons “Henricus, Ernestus, Wilhelmus” and three daughters “Alsine, Alheidis, Facie”[220]. 6. AGNES von Braunschweig ([1287]-after 7 Sep 1332). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Nun of St Jacob at Osterode 1302. 7. HEINRICH von Braunschweig ([1289]-[10 Apr/8 Jun] 1351, bur Grubenhagen). A charter of Duke Heinrich dated 21 Sep 1309 names three sons “Henricus, Ernestus, Wilhelmus” and three daughters “Alsine, Alheidis, Facie”[221]. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hindrick” third of the four sons of “Hertoghe Hinrick...Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick” and his wife[222]. “Widekind von Garsnebutle” and others granted reversion of property to “Hertoghe Hinrich von Bruneswich...siner husvrowen Hertoghinnen Agnesen...sinen sune Hinrike” by charter dated 7 Sep 1318[223]. He succeeded his father in 1322 as HEINRICH II "der Junge" Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen. “Johannes hertoghen Hinrikes sone von Brunswich...domhere to Megenze unde to Munstere” renounced his father’s inheritance in favour of “Hinrich, Ernest un Wilhelm unse brodere” by charter dated 17 Mar 1325[224]. “Hertoghe Ernest van Brunswich” mortgaged a third part of “des hufes Gheueldehusen” to “Hertoghen Hinriche von Brunswich unsem brotere un...Hedewighe siner husvrowen” by charter dated 7 Jan 1334[225]. m firstly (before 16 Apr 1318) JUTTA von Brandenburg, daughter of HEINRICH I "Ohne Land" Markgraf von Brandenburg [Askanier] & his wife Agnes von Bayern ([1299/1306]-[15 Jul 1325/early Feb 1327]). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 16 Apr 1318 under which Burchard Archbishop of Magdeburg agreed an alliance with “Agn der Margreuinen von Brandenborch unde tu Landesberch” with the consent of “hertoghen Hinrike von Brunswik erem swaghere”[226]. The primary source which confirms her name has not been identified. m secondly (23 Aug 1330) HELVIS Ibelin, daughter of PHILIPPE Ibelin Seneschal of Cyprus and Jerusalem & his second wife Zabel of Lampron (1307-after 25 May 1347). The Chronicle of Amadi records the arrival in Cyprus from Germany 23 Aug, in 1330 from the context, of "Henrico duca de Verzvic et signor della terra de Oro" for his marriage to "madona Chielvis de Iblim, figliola de messer Philippo, olim sinescalco de Cypro" whom he took back with him to Germany[227]. “Hertoghe Ernest van Brunswich” mortgaged a third part of “des hufes Gheueldehusen” to “Hertoghen Hinriche von Brunswich unsem brotere un...Hedewighe siner husvrowen” by charter dated 7 Jan 1334[228]. Heinrich II & his first wife had four children: a) AGNES von Braunschweig ([end 1318]-1371 after 2 Jun, bur Stettin St Otto, transferred 1375 to Stettin Marienkirche). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m BARNIM von Pommern, son of OTTO I Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his second wife Elisabeth von Holstein (before 1300-24 Aug 1368). He succeeded his father in 1344 as BARNIM III Duke of Pomerania in Stettin. b) OTTO von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen ([1320]-Foggia castle [1 Dec 1398/13 May 1399]). Engelhusius’s Genealogia ducum Brunswicensium names “Ottonem, Balthasar et Thomam” as the three sons of “[Dux] Henricus”[229]. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Otto, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” married the Queen of Sicily[230]. He was in the service of his cousin Giovanni II Paleologo Marchese di Monferrato[231], at whose court he lived at Casale with his first wife. Regent of Monferrato 1372 during the minority of Otto [Secondotto] Marchese di Monferrato, who was his godson. His fourth wife awarded him the titles Principe di Tarento and Conte di Acerra in 1376. He was defeated and imprisoned at Altamura by Carlo di Durazzo 26 Aug 1381. Having escaped to Avignon in 1384, he plotted in favour of Louis II Duc d’Anjou but eventually supported King Ladislas. After the death of Charles III King of Sicily, he returned to Naples where he captured the castle of Tarento. He became a supporter of Ladislas King of Sicily in 1388. He was captured and obliged to sell his fief of Acerra to raise money for his ransom[232]. m firstly (1352) as her second husband, VIOLANTE de Vilaragut, widow of JAIME III King of Mallorca [Aragón], daughter of BERENGUER de Vilaragut & his second wife doña Saura de Mallorca (-before 1372). Vicomtesse d'Omélas 1352/62. m secondly (Naples Castello Nuevo 25/28 Mar [25 Sep] 1376) as her fourth husband, JEANNE I Queen of Sicily, widow firstly of ANDRÁS Prince of Hungary, secondly of LOUIS di Tarento Duca di Calabria, thirdly of Infante don JAIME de Mallorca titular King of Mallorca [Aragón], daughter of CHARLES of Sicily Duca di Calabria [Anjou-Capet] & his second wife Marie de Valois (Naples [1328]-strangled Castello San Fele/Muro, Basilicate 22 May 1382, bur Naples Santa Chiara). c) JOHANN von Braunschweig (-after 4 Dec 1371). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Provost of St Paul at Halberstadt. d) LUDWIG von Braunschweig (-after 26 May 1373). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Canon at Camin cathedral 1342/73. Heinrich II & his second wife had seven children: e) RIDDAG von Braunschweig (-[before 1 Apr 1367]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. f) PHILIPP von Braunschweig ([1332]-4 Aug 1369). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem at the court of Cyprus 1360. The Chronicle of Amadi records the death 4 Aug, in 1369 from the context, of "messer Philippo conte de Bresivie, qual era maridato con la regina Alis del re Hugo"[233]. m firstly (Papal dispensation 3o & 4o 17 Sep 1352) as her second husband, ALIX de Dampierre, widow of AGNE de Bethsan, daughter of EUDES [III] de Dampierre Constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem & his wife Isabelle of Cyprus. The dispensation issued by Pope Innocent VI for the marriage of "Philippe de Brunswick domicellus, Nicosiensis" and "Alice de Dampierre, vidua Aigne de Bethsan, neptis regis" is dated 14 Apr 1353[234]. m secondly (after 1359, Papal dispensation 3o 29 May 1368) as her second husband, ALIX Ibelin, widow of HUGUES IV King of Cyprus, daughter of GUY Ibelin & his wife Isabelle Ibelin ([1304/06]-after 6 Aug 1386, bur Dominican Church). The dispensation issued by Pope Urban V for the marriage of "Philippe de Brunswick dux viduus Alisiæ de Dampierre" and "Alice Ibelin vidua Hugonis regis" is dated 29 May 1368[235]. Philipp & his first wife had two children: i) HELVIS von Braunschweig ([1353]-15 Jan 1421, bur Nicosia San Domenico). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Chielvis figliola de Philipo de Bresiny" as wife of "Giacomo, l'altro figliolo del re Hugo…re de Hierusalem e de Cypro"[236]. The Chronicle of Amadi names "madona Chelvis di Bresvig" as wife of the Constable of Cyprus[237]. The dispensation issued by Pope Urban V for the marriage of "Jacques de Lusignan filius quondam Hugonis regis et germanus Petri regis" and "Helvis de Brunswick filia Philippi ducis" is dated 15 May 1365[238]. The Chronicle of Amadi records that "madama Chelvis de Bresivich, moglie del contestabile" was reduced to manual labour during her husband's imprisonment before joining him in his prison[239]. The Chronicle of Amadi records the death of "la regina Chelvis madre del re" and her burial beside her husband, without stating either the day or the year but subsequent to the passage which records the death of her daughter-in-law Queen Charlotte (in 1422)[240]. m (Papal dispensation 1 May 1365) JACQUES of Cyprus, son of HUGUES IV King of Cyprus & his second wife Alice Ibelin ([1334]-Nicosia 9 Sep 1398, bur Nicosia San Domenico). He succeeded in 1385 as JACQUES I King of Cyprus and Armenia. ii) JOHANN von Braunschweig (-11 Jun 1414, bur Omoloitadis, Nicosia, Cyprus). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Admiral of Cyprus 1407. g) BALTHASAR von Braunschweig ([1336]-Castel Sant'Elmo after 14 Jan 1384). Engelhusius’s Genealogia ducum Brunswicensium names “Ottonem, Balthasar et Thomam” as the three sons of “[Dux] Henricus”[241]. Canon of St Blasius at Braunschweig 1354/61. “Balthasar...Hertoghe to Brunswych” notified various documents to the council of Göttingen, including arrangements benefiting “unses Broder hertoghen Otten”, by charter dated 10 Nov 1370[242]. He was awarded the title Despot of Romania in 1376 by his sister-in-law Jeanne I Queen of Sicily, who also arranged his marriage. After Queen Jeanne was deposed, Balthasar was captured by her successor Charles III and blinded 5 Aug 1382 in the Market Place of Naples on his orders. He died in prison[243]. m (1379) as her first husband, GIACOBELLA Caetani, daughter of ONORATO Caetani Conte di Fondi & his wife Catarina del Balzo (-after 25 May 1400). She married secondly Henri de Blois-Châtillon. h) THOMAS von Braunschweig (-[Nordhausen 1384]). Engelhusius’s Genealogia ducum Brunswicensium names “Ottonem, Balthasar et Thomam” as the three sons of “[Dux] Henricus”, adding that Thomas was “religiosus ordinis Eremitarum S. Augustini in Northusen”[244]. Augustine monk at Nordhausen. i) HELVIS von Braunschweig . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m LOUIS de Nores, Lord in Cyprus, son of --- (-1369). j) daughter . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. k) MELCHIOR von Braunschweig ([1341]-Bützow 6 Jun 1384, bur Bützow St Elisabethkirche). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Canon of St Otto at Stettin 1358. Postulat 1366. Bishop of Osnabrück 1369-1375. Bishop of Schwerin 1376-1381. 8. FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig ([1291]-[Lombardy 1323]). His parentage is confirmed by the following document which he witnessed: “Agnes ducissa de Brunswic”, on behalf of “domino Heinrico duce conthorali nostro”, confirmed that “Fridericus marchio Misnensis frater noster” had arranged the betrothal of “Johanne domino de Werle atque Slavie” and “filiam nostram Mechtildam” by charter dated 23 Oct 1311 at Eisenach, witnessed by “Fridericus filius noster...”[245]. Monk at Volkerode 1313, in Tirol 1316. 9. ADELHEID von Braunschweig ([1293]-Rhaidestes 16 Aug 1324, Constantinople Libis monastery). A charter of Duke Heinrich dated 21 Sep 1309 names three sons “Henricus, Ernestus, Wilhelmus” and three daughters “Alsine, Alheidis, Facie”[246]. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Alheyt”, who married “des Koniges sone to Greken”, first of the three daughters of “Hertoghe Hinrick...Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick” and his wife[247]. Her marriage date suggests that she was one of her parents’ younger children. She adopted the name EIRENE in Byzantium. Georgius Phrantzes names "Irene Alemanna" as the first wife of "Andronicus" stating that she died childless[248]. Ioannes Kantakuzenus states that she was "principis Brunsuicensis…filia" but does not name her[249]. m (Mar 1318) as his first wife, co-Emperor ANDRONIKOS, son of co-Emperor MIKHAEL IX & his wife Rita [Maria] of Armenia (1296-15 Jun 1341). He succeeded in 1328 as Emperor ANDRONIKOS III on the forced abdication of his grandfather. 10. KONRAD von Braunschweig ([1294]-after 21 Dec 1320). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Cistercian monk. 11. MECHTILD von Braunschweig ([1295]-before 14 Mar 1344, bur Röbel Dominican monastery). Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the following document: “Agnes ducissa de Brunswic”, on behalf of “domino Heinrico duce conthorali nostro”, confirmed that “Fridericus marchio Misnensis frater noster” had arranged the betrothal of “Johanne domino de Werle atque Slavie” and “filiam nostram Mechtildam” by charter dated 23 Oct 1311 at Eisenach, witnessed by “Fridericus filius noster...”[250]. m (contract Eisenach 23 Oct 1311, before 22 May 1318) JOHANN [II] Herr von Werle, son of JOHANN [I] Herr von Werle zu Parchim [Mecklenburg] & his wife Sophie von Lindau-Ruppin (-27 Aug 1337, bur Doberan). 12. ERNST von Braunschweig ([1297]-11 Mar 1361, bur Einbeck St Alexander). A charter of Duke Heinrich dated 21 Sep 1309 names three sons “Henricus, Ernestus, Wilhelmus” and three daughters “Alsine, Alheidis, Facie”[251]. He succeeded in 1325 as ERNST I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen zu Einbeck, 1327 zu Everstein, 1334 zu Osterode, 1335 zu Hameln. “Johannes hertoghen Hinrikes sone von Brunswich...domhere to Megenze unde to Munstere” renounced his father’s inheritance in favour of “Hinrich, Ernest un Wilhelm unse brodere” by charter dated 17 Mar 1325[252]. - see below. 13. WILHELM von Braunschweig ([1298]-[21 Jun/25 Jul] 1360). A charter of Duke Heinrich dated 21 Sep 1309 names three sons “Henricus, Ernestus, Wilhelmus” and three daughters “Alsine, Alheidis, Facie”[253]. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Wilhelm”, who died “in der Joget”, second of the four sons of “Hertoghe Hinrick...Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick” and his wife[254]. He succeeded in 1325 as WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen zu Burg Osterode Burg Lichtenstein und Lauterburg, and (until 1358) at 1/3 Duderstadt. “Johannes hertoghen Hinrikes sone von Brunswich...domhere to Megenze unde to Munstere” renounced his father’s inheritance in favour of “Hinrich, Ernest un Wilhelm unse brodere” by charter dated 17 Mar 1325[255]. “Ernest Hertoghe to Brunwswik unde...Alheyd use...husvrowe” granted property to “useme brodere hertoghen Wilhelme..” by charter dated 2 Mar 1340[256]. 14. RICHARDIS von Braunschweig ([1300]-). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Nun of St Jacob at Osterode 1331/32. 15. MARGARETA von Braunschweig (-after 17 Nov 1312). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. 16. JOHANN von Braunschweig (-1367). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hans, de wart eyn Provest to Embeke” first of the four sons of “Hertoghe Hinrick...Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick” and his wife[257]. Canon at Münster cathedral 1320/67, at Mainz cathedral 1325/66. “Johannes hertoghen Hinrikes sone von Brunswich...domhere to Megenze unde to Munstere” renounced his father’s inheritance in favour of “Hinrich, Ernest un Wilhelm unse brodere” by charter dated 17 Mar 1325[258]. Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1327. Provost of St Blasius at Braunschweig 1332-before 1342. Canon at Hildesheim cathedral 1341/62. Provost at Halberstadt cathedral 1341. .
ERNST von Braunschweig, son of HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Grubenhagen und Salzderhelden & his wife Agnes von Meissen ([1297]-11 Mar 1361, bur Einbeck St Alexander). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Ernest” fourth of the four sons of “Hertoghe Hinrick...Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick” and his wife[259]. A charter of Duke Heinrich dated 21 Sep 1309 names three sons “Henricus, Ernestus, Wilhelmus” and three daughters “Alsine, Alheidis, Facie”[260]. He succeeded in 1325 as ERNST I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen zu Einbeck, 1327 zu Everstein, 1334 zu Osterode, 1335 zu Hameln. “Johannes hertoghen Hinrikes sone von Brunswich...domhere to Megenze unde to Munstere” renounced his father’s inheritance in favour of “Hinrich, Ernest un Wilhelm unse brodere” by charter dated 17 Mar 1325[261]. “Hertoghe Ernest van Brunswich” mortgaged a third part of “des hufes Gheueldehusen” to “Hertoghen Hinriche von Brunswich unsem brotere un...Hedewighe siner husvrowen” by charter dated 7 Jan 1334[262]. “Ernest Hertoghe to Brunwswik unde...Alheyd use...husvrowe” granted property to “useme brodere hertoghen Wilhelme..” by charter dated 2 Mar 1340[263]. m ([10 May 1335/9 Jun 1336]) ADELHEID von Everstein, daughter of HEINRICH [II] Graf von Everstein & his wife --- (-after 29 Sep 1373). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Ernest, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick...Here to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” married “Angenese des Greven Hinrikes dochter to Eversteyn”[264]. “Ernest Hertoghe to Brunwswik unde...Alheyd use...husvrowe” granted property to “useme brodere hertoghen Wilhelme..” by charter dated 2 Mar 1340[265]. Ernst I & his wife had nine children: 1. OTTO von Braunschweig ([1337]-young). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Otten” who died “in der joget” (named first) as one of the four sons of “Hertoghe Ernest, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick...Here to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” and his wife “Angenese des Greven Hinrikes dochter to Eversteyn”[266]. 2. ALBRECHT von Braunschweig ([1339]-Salzderhelden [11 Aug/22 Sep] 1383, bur Einbeck St Alexander). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Albrecht” (named third) as one of the four sons of “Hertoghe Ernest, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick...Here to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” and his wife “Angenese des Greven Hinrikes dochter to Eversteyn”[267]. He succeeded in 1359 as ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Salzderhelden, succeeded his father in 1361 jointly with his brother Johann II in Grubenhagen und Einbeck. m (before 17 Aug 1372) AGNES von Braunschweig, daughter of MAGNUS II "Torquatus/mit der Kette" Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg & his wife Katharina von Anhalt (-21 Mar 1410). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. Albrecht I & his wife had one child: a) ERICH von Braunschweig ([1380]-28 May 1427, bur Einbeck St Alexander). Engelhusius’s Genealogia ducum Brunswicensium records that “Albertus” had “filium Ericum” who left “tres filios Henricum, Ernestum et Albertum et filias”[268]. He succeeded his father in 1383 as ERICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen. - see below. 3. JOHANN von Braunschweig (-18 Jan 1401). He succeeded his father in 1361 as JOHANN II Joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen. Canon at Hildesheim cathedral until 1362, resigned. Canon and Franciscan monk at Einbeck until 1366. Canon of St Viktor at Mainz 1366. Carthusian prior 1378/1401. 4. ADELHEID von Braunschweig ([1341]-[3 May 1406]). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m ([1362]) as his second wife, BOGISLAW V Duke of Pomerania in Hinterpommern, son of WARTISLAW IV Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast und Hinterpommern & his wife Elisabeth von Lindau-Ruppin ([1318/19]-7 Dec 1373). 5. AGNES von Braunschweig ([1342]-after 5 Nov 1394). Engelhusius’s Genealogia ducum Brunswicensium records that the (unnamed) daughter of “Ernestus” married “Ulricus comes de Honsteyn”[269]. m (before 1362) ULRICH Graf von Honstein in Kelbra, son of --- (-after 11 Sep 1414). 6. ANNA von Braunschweig ([1343]-before 1409). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m (before 5 Jan 1364) HEINRICH [VIII] Graf von Honstein in Kelbra, son of --- (-[1408/09]). 7. ERNST von Braunschweig ([1346]-[13 Jul 1400/21 May 1402]). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Ernst” who was “ein Provest to Embeke” (named second) as one of the four sons of “Hertoghe Ernest, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick...Here to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” and his wife “Angenese des Greven Hinrikes dochter to Eversteyn”[270]. Canon at Hildesheim cathedral. Abbot of Corvey 1369, deposed. Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1372. He succeeded in 1384 as ERNST II Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen in Herzberg. 8. FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig ([1350]-1421, bur Einbeck). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Frederick” (named fourth) as one of the four sons of “Hertoghe Ernest, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick...Here to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” and his wife “Angenese des Greven Hinrikes dochter to Eversteyn”[271]. He succeeded in 1384 as FRIEDRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen in Herzberg, in Salzderhelden 1397, in Herzberg & Osterode 1402. m ADELHEID von Anhalt, daughter of --- (-after 29 Sep 1405). She has not been identified in the Anhalt family. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Frederick, Hertoghen Ernestes sone...ein Here to Embeke unde to den Grubenhagen, unde...ein Here to Osterode” married “Elizabeth, des Heren dochter van Homborch des Banre Heren”[272]. The reliability of this record is unknown, given the numerous inaccuracies in Botho’s Chronicon. Friedrich’s daughter-in-law’s first marriage to Heinrich von Homburg should be noted and may have resulted in confusion. Friedrich & his wife had one child: a) OTTO von Braunschweig ([1396]-[6 Jan/16 Apr] 1452). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Otto”, who succeeded his father, as son of “Hertoghe Frederick, Hertoghen Ernestes sone...ein Here to Embeke unde to den Grubenhagen, unde...ein Here to Osterode” and his wife[273]. Custos of Halberstadt cathedral 1403. He succeeded in 1404 as OTTO II Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen in Herzberg. Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1408. m ([18 Jul/22 Sep] 1414) SCHONETTE von Nassau, widow of HEINRICH von Homburg, daughter of JOHANN I Graf von Nassau-Weilburg & his second wife Johanna von Saarbrücken (-Hildesheim 25 Apr 1436, bur Hildesheim cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Otto, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Brunswick, eyn Here to Embeke unde Osterode” married “eins Greven dochter van Nassaw...Schoneta”, widow of “des lesten Greven unde Heren Hinrikes to Homborch”, but was childless by her[274]. Otto II had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: i) OTTO "Ottonis" . Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Otto, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Brunswick, eyn Here to Embeke unde Osterode” had a bastard son “ein grot Prelat in Brunswick...Her Otto”[275]. Priest at St Katharina 1444/63. Canon of St Blasius at Braunschweig 1444/59. 9. ANNA von Braunschweig ([1360]-after 10 May 1437). Engelhusius’s Genealogia ducum Brunswicensium records that the (unnamed) “alia filia” of “Ernestus” was “abbatissa in Osterrode”[276]. Nun 1394. Abbess of St Jacob and St Maria at Osterode 1397-before 28 Oct 1404. Nun at Osterode 1405/37.
ERICH von Braunschweig, son of ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Agnes von Braunschweig-Lüneburg ([1380]-28 May 1427, bur Einbeck St Alexander). Engelhusius’s Genealogia ducum Brunswicensium records that “Albertus” had “filium Ericum” who left “tres filios Henricum, Ernestum et Albertum et filias”[277]. He succeeded his father in 1383 as ERICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, minor until 1398. m ([1/14] Jul 1405) ELISABETH von Braunschweig-Göttingen, daughter of OTTO "dem Quaden" Herzog von Braunschweig-Göttingen & his second wife Margareta von Berg ([1390]-after 29 Sep 1444). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Elizabeth” daughter of “Hertoghe Otto de mechtige, Hertoghen Ernestes sone to Brunswick, eyn Here over Wolt by der Leyne” who married “Hertoghen Ereken van Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke”[278]. Erich & his wife had eight children: 1. AGNES von Braunschweig ([1406]-18 Sep 1439). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Angenese unde...Soffia...Ebbetynne to Ganderssem” first and second of the five daughters of “Hertoghe Ereke, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke” and his wife[279]. Abbess of Gandersheim 1412. 2. SOPHIE von Braunschweig ([1407]-[6 Jan/30 Apr] 1485). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Angenese unde...Soffia...Ebbetynne to Ganderssem” first and second of the five daughters of “Hertoghe Ereke, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke” and his wife[280]. Sacristan at Gandersheim 1432/49. Abbess of Möllenbeck 1440/41. Abbess of Gandersheim 1467. 3. ELISABETH von Braunschweig ([1409]-4 Oct 1452). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Elizabeth” third of the five daughters of “Hertoghe Ereke, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke” and his wife, who married “den Hertoghen van Stettyn” who died young and joined her sisters at Gandersheim[281]. Postulate at Gandersheim 1439. Abbess of Gandersheim 1440. m (1431) as his second wife, KASIMIR V Duke of Pomerania in Stettin, son of SWANTIBOR I Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his wife Anna von Nürnberg (after 1380-12 Apr 1435). 4. MARGARETA von Braunschweig ([1411]-after 31 Oct 1456). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Margreta” fourth of the five daughters of “Hertoghe Ereke, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke” and his wife, who married “den Greven van der Lyppe”[282]. m ([30 Aug 1426]) SIMON [IV] zur Lippe (-11 Aug 1429, bur Wilbasen). 5. ANNA von Braunschweig (1415-Nannhofen 9 Oct 1474, bur Andechs). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Anna” fifth of the five daughters of “Hertoghe Ereke, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke” and his wife, who married “Hertoghen Albrecht to Beyeren” and secondly “Hertoghen Frederick, des olden Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch”[283]. Ulrich Füetrer’s Bayerische Chronik records that “hertzog Albrecht” married “frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk”[284]. m firstly (Munich [6 Nov 1435/22 Jan 1437]) ALBRECHT von Bayern, son of ERNST I Duke of Bavaria-Munich & his wife Elisabetta Visconti of Milan (Munich 23 Mar 1401-Munich 29 Feb 1460, bur Andechs). He succeeded his father in 1438 as ALBRECHT III "der Fromme" Duke of Bavaria-Munich. m secondly (Munich Feb 1463, divorced 1467) as his first wife, FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, son of WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his first wife Cäcilie von Brandenburg (-Münden 6 Mar 1495, bur Münden St Blasius). He succeeded in 1482 as FRIEDRICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Calenberg. 6. HEINRICH von Braunschweig ([1416]-Grubenhagen [27 May/20 Dec] 1464, bur Einbeck St Alexander). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hinrick” second of the nine children of “Hertoghe Ereke, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke” and his wife[285]. He succeeded his father in 1427 as HEINRICH III joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor until 1437. m (before 27 Jun 1457) as her third husband, MARGARETA von Sagan, widow firstly of VOLRAD Graf von Mansfeld and secondly of HEINRICH XI Graf von Honstein-Klettenberg, daughter of JOHANN I Duke of Sagan [Piast] & his wife Scholastika von Sachsen-Wittenberg ([1415/25]-Salzderhelden after 9 May 1491). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Hinrick, Hertoghen Erekes sone to Brunswick, unde ein Her to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” married “Margaretam, Hertoghen Hans dochter van dem Sage in dem lande to Crossen”[286]. Heinrich III & his wife had two children: a) OTTO von Braunschweig ([1458]-young). b) HEINRICH von Braunschweig ([1460]-Salzderhelden 6 Dec 1526). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hinrick” as the son of “Hertoghe Hinrick, Hertoghen Erekes sone to Brunswick, unde ein Her to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” and his wife[287]. He succeeded his father in 1464 as HEINRICH IV Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, minor until 1476. In Salzderhelden 1481. He agreed to divide Grubenhagen in two with his uncle Duke Albrecht III in 1483[288]. m (Einbeck 26 Aug 1494) ELISABETH von Sachsen-Lauenburg, daughter of JOHANN V Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Dorothea von Brandenburg (-after 7 Apr 1542[289]). 7. ERNST von Braunschweig ([1418]-[26 May/20 Dec] 1464, bur Einbeck). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Ernst...Domhere to Halverstadt” first of the nine children of “Hertoghe Ereke, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke” and his wife[290]. He succeeded his father in 1427 as ERNST III joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor until 1441. Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1446. Canon at Halberstadt cathedral 1464. 8. ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (1 Nov 1419-15 Aug 1485, bur Osterode St Jacob). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Albrecht” third of the nine children of “Hertoghe Ereke, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke” and his wife[291]. He succeeded his father in 1427 as ALBRECHT III joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers. - see below.
The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not been identified unless otherwise indicated below.
ALBRECHT von Braunschweig, son of ERICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Göttingen (1 Nov 1419-15 Aug 1485, bur Osterode St Jacob). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Albrecht” third of the nine children of “Hertoghe Ereke, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke” and his wife[292]. He succeeded his father in 1427 as ALBRECHT III joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor until 1441. In Herzberg and Osterode 1481. He agreed to divide Grubenhagen in two with his nephew Duke Heinrich IV in 1483[293]. m (Einbeck 15 Oct 1471) ELISABETH von Waldeck, daughter of VOLRAD Graf von Waldeck & his wife --- (-after 15 Mar 1513). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Albrecht, Hertoghe Erekes sone to Brunswick, unde ein Here to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” married “Lysa des Greven dochter to Woldecke”[294]. Regent for her sons 1485-1493. Albrecht III & his wife had five children: 1. JUST von Braunschweig (b and d Salzderhelden 1472, bur Einbeck Augustinerkirche). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hertoghe Jost”, who died “wile date he ein kynt was”, first among the four sons of “Hertoghe Albrecht, Hertoghe Erekes sone to Brunswick, unde ein Here to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” and his wife[295]. 2. SOPHIE von Braunschweig ([1474]-[1481]). 3. PHILIPP von Braunschweig ([1476]-Herzberg 4 Sep 1551, bur Osterode Ägidiuskirche). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Philippus...Ernest...Ereke” as the three others sons of “Hertoghe Albrecht, Hertoghe Erekes sone to Brunswick, unde ein Here to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” and his wife[296]. He succeeded his father in 1485 as PHILIPP I joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor until 1495. He converted to Lutheranism in 1526. m firstly (before 1508) --- (-1509). m secondly (1517) KATHARINA von Mansfeld, daughter of ERNST II Graf von Mansfeld & his wife --- (1 Oct 1501-Herzberg 1535, bur Osterode St Jacob). Philipp I & his first wife had one child: a) PHILIPP von Braunschweig (1509-Herzberg 1512, bur Herzberg). Philipp I & his second wife had nine children: b) ERNST von Braunschweig (17 Dec 1518-Herzberg 2 Apr 1567, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche). Canon at Paderborn cathedral 1530. Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1530, resigned 1549. He succeeded his father in 1551 as ERNST V Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen. Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg 1566. m (Wolgast 9 Oct 1547) MARGARETA von Pommern, daughter of GEORG I Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast & his first wife Amalia von der Pfalz (May 1518-Salzderhelden 24 Jun 1569, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche). i) ELISABETH von Braunschweig (Salzderhelden 20 Mar 1550-Osterholm auf Alsen 11 Feb 1586, bur Sonderburg Schloßkapelle). m (Kolding 19 Sep 1568) as his first wife, JOHANN Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, son of CHRISTIAN III King of Denmark, King of Norway & his wife Dorothea von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Koldinghus 25 Mar 1545-Glücksburg 9 Oct 1622, bur Sonderburg Schloßkapelle). c) ELISABETH von Braunschweig (18 Mar 1520-1520, bur Osterode St Jacob). d) ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (Herzberg 20/21 Oct 1521-killed in battle Nördlingen 20 Oct 1546, bur Nördlingen St Georg). Rector of Wittenberg University 1535. e) PHILIPP von Braunschweig (10 Jul 1523-Herzberg 1531, bur Herzberg). f) KATHARINA von Braunschweig (30 Aug 1524-Saalfeld 24 Feb 1581, bur Saalfeld St Johannes). Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records the marriage contract dated 1541 between “Duci Saxoniæ Johanni Ernesto” and “Catharina Brunsvicensis, Philippi Ducis Brunsvigæ, Luneburgi et Grubenhagii filio, Ducum Ernesti et Alberti Brunsvicensium soror”, and their marriage 1542 “die Dominca post Dorotheæ 12 Feb”[297]. m firstly (contract 1541, Torgau 12 Feb 1542, divorced?) JOHANN ERNST Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg, son of JOHANN "der Beständige" Elector of Saxony & his second wife Margareta von Anhalt (Coburg 10 May 1521-Coburg 8 Feb 1563, bur Coburg St Moritz). m secondly (Saalfeld 4 Dec 1559) PHILIPP I Graf von Schwarzburg-Leutenberg, son of --- (-Leipzig 8 Oct 1564, bur Leutenberg). g) JOHANN von Braunschweig (28 May 1526-killed in battle Saint-Quentin 2 Sep 1557, bur Cambrai). h) BARBARA von Braunschweig (Herzberg 25 Jan 1528-summer 1528, bur Herzberg). i) WOLFGANG von Braunschweig (Herzberg 6 Apr 1531-Herzberg 14 Mar 1595, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche). He succeeded his brother 1567 as WOLFGANG Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen in Katlenburg und Grubenhagen. m (Osterode 10 Dec 1570) DOROTHEA von Sachsen-Lauenburg, daughter of FRANZ I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Sibylle von Sachsen (Lüneburg 11 Mar 1543-Herzberg 5 Apr 1586, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche). j) PHILIPP von Braunschweig (Herzberg 2 May 1533-Herzberg 4 Apr 1596, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche). He succeeded his brother in 1567 as PHILIPP II Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen in Herzberg und Osterode. He succeeded his brother in 1595 in Grubenhagen. Heinrich Julius Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel succeeded him as in Grubenhagen. m (Wolfenbüttel 1 Jul 1560) KLARA von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, daughter of HEINRICH II "dem Jüngeren" Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his first wife Marie von Württemberg (16 Nov 1532-Herzberg 23 Nov 1595, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche). 4. ERNST von Braunschweig ([1477]-[2 Sep 1494/13 Mar 1496]). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Philippus...Ernest...Ereke” as the three others sons of “Hertoghe Albrecht, Hertoghe Erekes sone to Brunswick, unde ein Here to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” and his wife[298]. He succeeded his father in 1485 as ERNST IV joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor. 5. ERICH von Braunschweig ([1478]-Fürstenau 14 May 1532, bur Osnabrück cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Philippus...Ernest...Ereke” as the three others sons of “Hertoghe Albrecht, Hertoghe Erekes sone to Brunswick, unde ein Here to Embeke unde to dem Grubenhagen” and his wife[299]. He succeeded his father in 1485 as ERICH joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, jointly with his two brothers, minor until 1495. Canon at Paderborn cathedral 1503. Elected Bishop of Osnabrück 1508, installed 1509. Elected Bishop of Münster 1532.
C. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-GÖTTINGEN 1291-1369
ALBRECHT von Braunschweig, son of ALBRECHT "der Große" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg & his second wife Alessina di Monferrato ([1268]-22 Sep 1318, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). The Annales Lubicenses name "Heinricus [et] Albertus" as sons of "Albertus dux de Brunswich", specifying that Albrecht was "vir pinguis et probus sed gulosus"[300]. “Heinricus dux de Bruneswich” settled a debt with Kloster Walkenried incurred by “clare memorie patris nostri quondam ducis Alberti”, with the consent of “fratrum nostrorum Alberti, Ottonis, Willehelmi, Conradi, Luderi”, by charter dated 1282[301]. He succeeded in 1291 as ALBRECHT II "der Fette/der Feiste" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Göttingen, also in Braunschweig 1294. “Albertus dux in Brunswic” donated “decimam in oppido Gottinge” to Kloster Walkenried, with the consent of “filiorum suorm Ottonis, Alberti, Wilhelmi et Heinrici”, by charter dated 6 Mar 1303[302]. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Sep 1318 of "princeps dux Albertus de Brusnwich filius ducis Alberti senioris"[303]. m (10 Jan 1284) RICHSA von Werle, daughter of HEINRICH I Herr von Werle zu Güstrow [Mecklenburg] & his first wife Richiza Birgersdotter of Sweden (-after 2 Oct 1312, bur Göttingen Barfüsser-Kloster). The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "filiam Henrici domini de Werle" as wife of "Albertus [filius Alberti]"[304]. Her name is confirmed by the charter dated 23 May 1329 under which [her son] “Ot dux in Brunswich” donated property to “Bertoldo...capellano suo” for masses for “defunctis...felicis recordationis domini Alberti ducis Brunswicensis patris nostri, domine Rycze matris nostre, Jutte conthoralis nostre, Alheydis lantgravie sororis nostre”[305]. Albrecht II & his wife had [fourteen] children: 1. ADELHEID von Braunschweig (25 Mar 1290-[14 Mar/12 Oct] 1311, bur Kassel Kloster Ahnsburg). Twin with her brother Otto. “Ot dux in Brunswich” donated property to “Bertoldo...capellano suo”, for masses for “defunctis...Alheydis lantgravie sororis nostre”, by charter dated 23 May 1329[306]. The primary source which confirms her marriage more precisely has not been identified. m (Jul 1306) JOHANN Landgraf von Hessen Herr von Niederhessen, son of HEINRICH I "das Kind" Fürst und Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his second wife Mechtild von Kleve ([1278/82]-Kassel 16/22 Feb 1311, bur Kassel Kloster Ahnsberg). 2. OTTO von Braunschweig (25 Mar 1290-Göttingen 30 Aug 1344, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). The Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses name "Otto filius ducis Alberti iunioris" when recording that "circa festi sancti Iohanne baptiste 1311" he was knighted by "marchione Woldemaro" when aged 19[307]. Twin with his sister Adelheid. “Albertus dux in Brunswic” donated “decimam in oppido Gottinge” to Kloster Walkenried, with the consent of “filiorum suorm Ottonis, Alberti, Wilhelmi et Heinrici”, by charter dated 6 Mar 1303[308]. He succeeded his father in 1318 as OTTO "der Milde" Joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen, jointly with his two brothers. “Otto dux in Bruneswich necnon Magnus et Ernestus fratres eius” donated property to Hildesheim by charter dated 1 Jul 1321[309]. “Otte hertoghe van Brunsik un van Luneb, Otte un Wilhelm use sone” divided territories with “usen...vederen Otten, Magnus un Erneste hertoghen van Brunswik”, providing for “hertoghe Otte...sin husvrouwe...Agnese” and naming “de Markgreue Woldemer” as her earlier husband, by charter dated 29 May 1322[310]. “Ot dux in Brunswich” donated property to “Bertoldo...capellano suo”, for masses for “defunctis...felicis recordationis domini Alberti ducis Brunswicensis patris nostri, domine Rycze matris nostre, Jutte conthoralis nostre, Alheydis lantgravie sororis nostre”, by charter dated 23 May 1329[311]. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in 1344 of "princeps dux Otto in Brunswick filius ducis Alberti iunioris"[312]. m firstly ([24 Mar/2 Oct] 1311) JUTTA von Hessen, daughter of HEINRICH I "das Kind" Fürst und Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his second wife Mechtild von Kleve (-13 Oct 1317, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Oct 1317 of "Iutta ducissa uxor Ottonis ducis", in a later passage recording that "uxoris sue [=dux Otto] prioris Iutte filie lantgravii" died "1318 3 Id Oct"[313]. m secondly ([16 Sep/22 Dec] 1319, dispensation 4o 10 Dec 1320) as her second husband, AGNES von Brandenburg, widow of WALDEMAR Markgraf von Brandenburg, daughter of HERMANN II Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Anna of Austria ([1296/98]-28 Nov 1334). Pulcawa's Bohemian Chronicle names "Agnes" as the oldest of the three daughters of "Hermannus filius Ottonis longi" & his wife, specifying that she married "Woldemaro" but was childless[314]. An undated memorial of the foundation of Kloster Arendsee names "Woldemari et Agnetis uxoris eius" among donors to the monastery[315]. “Otte hertoghe van Brunsik un van Luneb, Otte un Wilhelm use sone” divided territories with “usen...vederen Otten, Magnus un Erneste hertoghen van Brunswik”, providing for “hertoghe Otte...sin husvrouwe...Agnese” and naming “de Markgreue Woldemer” as her earlier husband, by charter dated 29 May 1322[316]. "Agnes ducissa Brunswiccensis" donated property to Kloster Arendsee with the consent of "domini et ducis Brunswiccensis conthoralis noster" by charter dated 6 Jun 1322 for the souls of "nostrorum progenitorum dominorum marchionum quondam Brandenburgensium"[317]. "Otto Dux in Bruneswich…Agnes conthoralis nostra" renounced rights in territories Brandenburg by charter dated 4 May 1323[318]. The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in 1334 of "Agnes ducissa uxor ducis Ottonis de Brunswich"[319]. 3. ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (-13 Oct 1359, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). “Albertus dux in Brunswic” donated “decimam in oppido Gottinge” to Kloster Walkenried, with the consent of “filiorum suorm Ottonis, Alberti, Wilhelmi et Heinrici”, by charter dated 6 Mar 1303[320]. Provost of St Alexander at Einbeck 1313/24. Canon and provost of St Nicolas at Magdeburg 1316. Canon at Paderborn cathedral 1319/31. Canon at Halberstadt cathedral 1319. Bishop of Halberstadt 1325-1357. 4. WILHELM von Braunschweig ([1295]-before 1318). “Albertus dux in Brunswic” donated “decimam in oppido Gottinge” to Kloster Walkenried, with the consent of “filiorum suorm Ottonis, Alberti, Wilhelmi et Heinrici”, by charter dated 6 Mar 1303[321]. Teutonic Knight 1313. 5. HEINRICH von Braunschweig ([1296/97]-6 Feb 1363, bur Hildesheim Cathedral). “Albertus dux in Brunswic” donated “decimam in oppido Gottinge” to Kloster Walkenried, with the consent of “filiorum suorm Ottonis, Alberti, Wilhelmi et Heinrici”, by charter dated 6 Mar 1303[322]. Canon at Hildesheim cathedral 1319/31. “Ernest broder Hertogen Otten tho Brun dom here der stichte to Halb un to Hilden” acted as guarantor for “unse...broder hertoge Hinr dom here to Hilden”, concerning a dispute involving Schloß Wohldenberg, by charter dated 6 Nov 1329[323]. Canon at Paderborn cathedral and provost of St Cyriacus at Braunschweig 1329/31. Elected Bishop of Hildesheim 1331, installed 1354. “Ernest Hertoghe to Bruneswik unde...Alheyd use...husvrouwe” granted “dat hus to Osterrode” to “useme...brodere hertoghen Henrike...mit user suster...Helwighe” by charter dated 2 Mar 1340[324]. 6. HEILWIG von Braunschweig (-after 2 Mar 1340). “Ernest Hertoghe to Bruneswik unde...Alheyd use...husvrouwe” granted “dat hus to Osterrode” to “useme...brodere hertoghen Henrike...mit user suster...Helwighe” by charter dated 2 Mar 1340[325]. 7. LÜDER von Braunschweig (-after 17 May 1319). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. 8. JOHANN von Braunschweig (-after 1347). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Teutonic Knight in Prussia 1333/47. 9. RICHENZA von Braunschweig (1298-before 26 Apr 1317). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Nun at Wienhausen 1309. Elekta of Gandersheim 1316. 10. MECHTILD von Braunschweig (-after 28 Oct 1357). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m (before 1341) HEINRICH [V] "der Jüngere" Graf von Honstein-Sondershausen, son of --- (-1356 soon after 24 Apr). 11. JUTTA von Braunschweig (1300-1332). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Elekta of Gandersheim 1319. 12. BRUNO von Braunschweig (1303-31 Oct 1306, bur Göttingen Barfüsserkirche). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. 13. MAGNUS von Braunschweig ([1304]-[15 Jun/15 Aug] 1369, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). He succeeded his father in 1318 as MAGNUS I "der Fromme" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen, jointly with his two brothers. “Otto dux in Bruneswich necnon Magnus et Ernestus fratres eius” donated property to Hildesheim by charter dated 1 Jul 1321[326]. - see below. 14. ERNST von Braunschweig-Göttingen ([1305]-13 Jul 1366, bur Göttingen St Paul). He succeeded his father in 1318 as ERNST I joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen, jointly with his two brothers. “Otto dux in Bruneswich necnon Magnus et Ernestus fratres eius” donated property to Hildesheim by charter dated 1 Jul 1321[327]. Canon at Halberstadt and Hildesheim cathedrals 1328/29. “Ernest broder Hertogen Otten tho Brun dom here der stichte to Halb un to Hilden” acted as guarantor for “unse...broder hertoge Hinr dom here to Hilden”, concerning a dispute involving Schloß Wohldenberg, by charter dated 6 Nov 1329[328]. “Ernest Hertoghe to Bruneswik unde...Alheyd use...husvrouwe” granted “dat hus to Osterrode” to “useme...brodere hertoghen Henrike...mit user suster...Helwighe” by charter dated 2 Mar 1340[329]. After the death of their older brother Otto, Ernst and his older brother Magnus agreed on a partition of their territories, Ernst becoming Herzog von Braunschweig in Göttingen 1345. [m firstly ([after 1325]) BARBARA [Adelheid?] von Sagen, daughter of [HEINRICH II Duke of Glogau and Sagan & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg] (after [1310/12]-[before 1340]). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Ernest, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Hertoghe...to Gotting” married “des Hertoghen dochter van dem Sagen...Barbara”[330]. This marriage has not been corroborated in any earlier primary source and the accuracy of the information is unknown. The entry is included in the Chronicon under the general heading “1319”. That date would be early for this marriage, but Botho does not consistently record events chronologically. If the marriage is correct, the chronology of the Sagan family suggests that Barbara would have been the daughter of Duke Heinrich II. Botho’s Chronicon is not consistently reliable: indeed the following entry in the text, recording the marriage of Heinrich [II] Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, misidentifies his wife’s father. However, in the absence of other data, the marriage cannot be dismissed entirely as a possibility especially as the estimated date of Ernst’s known marriage to Adelheid is late for a first marriage considering his estimated birth date. Another possibility is that “Barbara” (a name otherwise unknown in the Silesian ducal families before the late 14th/early 15th century) in the Chronica was an error for “Adelheid” and that Ernst’s supposed first and second wives were in fact the same person.] m [secondly] ([1335/2 Mar 1340]) ADELHEID, daughter of --- (-[1341/42?]). “Ernest Hertoghe to Bruneswik unde...Alheyd use...husvrouwe” granted “dat hus to Osterrode” to “useme...brodere hertoghen Henrike...mit user suster...Helwighe” by charter dated 2 Mar 1340[331]. One possibility is that “Alheyd” in this document was an error and that Ernst’s supposed second and third wives were in fact the same person. m [thirdly] (before Jul 1342, Papal dispensation 3 Jul 1342/10 Aug 1342) ELISABETH von Hessen, daughter of HEINRICH II "der Eiserne" Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his wife Elisabeth von Meissen (-7 Mar 1390, bur Göttingen Franciskanerkirche, transferred 1821 to Hannover). Ludwig Bishop of Münster issued a [retrospective] Papal dispensation for “Ernesti nati quondam...Alberti ducis in Brunswich” and “Elizabet nate...Henrici lantgravii domini terre Hassie” who married not knowing of their 4o consanguinity and affinity, by charter dated 3 Jul 1342, issued 10 Aug 1342[332]. Ernst I & his [first/second/third] wife had two children: a) [ELISABETH . Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Elizabeth”, who married “den Greven van Hennenbargh”, as the daughter of “Hertoghe Ernest, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Hertoghe...to Gotting” and his wife “des Hertoghen dochter van dem Sagen...Barbara”[333]. No earlier primary source has been identified which confirms the accuracy of this information. As noted above in relation to the possible first marriage of Elisabeth’s supposed father Duke Ernst I with “van dem Sagan...Barbara”, Botho’s Chronicon is not consistently reliable. However, in the absence of an earlier primary source which disproves the information, it cannot be dismissed entirely. The identity of Elisabeth’s mother, assuming that she did exist, is therefore best shown as uncertain. Elisabeth’s supposed husband has not been identified in the Henneberg family (see the document THURINGIA NOBILITY), but an otherwise unrecorded marriage of one of the sons of Berthold [IV] Graf von Henneberg is not impossible. m --- Graf von Henneberg, son of ---.] b) OTTO von Braunschweig-Göttingen ([1330/40]-Hardegsen 13 Dec 1394, bur Wiebrechtshausen). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Otto...de Böse” as the son of “Hertoghe Ernest, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Hertoghe...to Gotting” and his wife “des Hertoghen dochter van dem Sagen...Barbara”[334]. As noted above, the accuracy of this information identifying Otto’s mother is uncertain. The date of Otto’s first marriage suggests that he may have been born a few years before the only known date which records his father’s wife “Adelheid”, a speculative suggestion. This doubtful situation suggests that the identity of Otto’s mother is best shown as uncertain. He succeeded his father in 1366 as OTTO "der Quade" Herzog von Braunschweig in Göttingen. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records the death in 1394 of “Hertoghe Otto over Wolt to Gottingh”[335]. m firstly ([19 Nov 1357/14 Jan 1358]) MIROSLAWA von Holstein, daughter of JOHANN III Graf von Holstein in Plön & his second wife Miroslawa von Schwerin-Wittenberg (-before 1379). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m secondly (before 24 Jun 1379) MARGARETA von Berg, daughter of WILHELM VII Duke of Jülich, Graf von Berg und Ravensberg & his wife Anna Pfalzgräfin bei Rhein ([1364]-Hardegsen 18 Jun 1442, bur Hardegsen St Mauritius). "Otto…hertoge to Brunswik" granted Morgengabe to "Margareten von deme Berge unse…husvrouwen" by charter dated 24 Jun 1379[336]. Otto & his first wife had one child: i) WILHELM von Braunschweig ([1370]-1391, bur Hardegsen St Mauritius). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Wilhelm”, son of “Hertoghe Otto de mechtige, Hertoghen Ernestes sone to Brunswick, eyn Here over Wolt by der Leyne”, who died “in der joget de wile dat he ein kint was” and was buried “to Herdedesse in de kercken” which was founded by his mother[337]. The primary source has not been identified which confirms that Miroslawa von Holstein founded Hardegsen church. Otto & his second wife had three children: ii) OTTO von Braunschweig ([1384]-Uslar 18 Feb 1463). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Otto” as “de ander sone” of “Hertoghe Otto de mechtige, Hertoghen Ernestes sone to Brunswick, eyn Here over Wolt by der Leyne” who succeeded his father and had one eye[338]. He succeeded his father in 1394 as OTTO "der Einäugige" Herzog von Braunschweig in Göttingen, minor until 1398. He abdicated 1435. m (Marburg 26 Sep 1406) AGNES von Hessen, daughter of HERMANN II "der Gelehrte" Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his second wife Margareta von Nürnberg (1391-Münden 16 Jan 1471, bur Kassel St Martin). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Herthoge Otto, des mechtigen Hertoghen Otten sone to Brunswick over Wolt to Gotting” married “Angenes des Lantgreven dochter to Hessen”[339]. Otto & his wife had one child: (a) ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-before 1444, bur Oslar). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. iii) ANNA von Braunschweig (1387-27 Oct 1426, bur Vessra). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriages has not been identified. m firstly (before 7 May 1402) as his second wife, WILHELM I "der Einäugige" Markgraf von Meissen, son of FRIEDRICH II "der Ernsthafte" Markgraf von Meissen & his wife Mechtild von Bayern (Dresden 19 Dec 1343-Grimma 10 Feb 1407, bur Meissen Cathedral). m secondly (1413 before 30 May) WILHELM [I] Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen, son of HEINRICH [VII] Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen & his wife Mechtild von Baden (-killed in battle Cyprus 7 Jul 1426). iv) ELISABETH von Braunschweig ([1390]-after 29 Sep 1444). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Elizabeth” daughter of “Hertoghe Otto de mechtige, Hertoghen Ernestes sone to Brunswick, eyn Here over Wolt by der Leyne” who married “Hertoghen Ereken van Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke”[340]. m ([1/14] Jul 1405) ERICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, son of ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Agnes von Braunschweig-Lüneburg ([1380]-28 May 1427, bur Einbeck St Alexander). Ernst I & his [third] wife had five children (the chronology of their lives shown below suggests that Ernst’s [third] wife was their mother): c) AGNES von Braunschweig (after 13 Sep 1416, bur Nidda Pfarrkirche). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m ([3 Aug 1371]) GOTTFRIED [VIII] Graf von Ziegenhain, son of GOTTFRIED [VII] Graf von Ziegenhain & his wife --- (-1394 before 24 Sep). d) ADELHEID von Braunschweig . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m (before 11 Aug 1371) HEINRICH [X] "der Stolze" Graf von Honstein, son of --- (-before 1430). e) ERNST von Braunschweig (-after 7 Dec 1357). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Co-regent of Braunschweig-Göttingen 1355/56 as ERNST II. f) ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (after 16 Apr 1363). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Co-regent of Braunschweig-Göttingen as ALBRECHT. g) RIXA von Braunschweig (after 29 Nov 1406). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. Nun at Mariengarten 1361, Abbess 1366.
The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not been identified, unless otherwise specified below.
MAGNUS von Braunschweig, son of ALBRECHT II "der Fette/der Feiste" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Göttingen und Braunschweig & his wife Richza von Werle ([1304]-[15 Jun/15 Aug] 1369, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). He succeeded his father in 1318 as MAGNUS I "der Fromme" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen, jointly with his two brothers. “Otto dux in Bruneswich necnon Magnus et Ernestus fratres eius” donated property to Hildesheim by charter dated 1 Jul 1321[341]. After the death of their older brother Otto, Magnus and his younger brother Ernst agreed on a partition of their territories, Magnus becoming Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig 1345. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records the death in 1368 of “Hertoghe Magnus vader de olde Hertoghe Magnus”[342]. m SOPHIE von Brandenburg, daughter of HEINRICH I "Ohne Land" Markgraf von Brandenburg [Askanier] & his wife Agnes von Bayern (1300-[1356]). Mistress (1): GESA von Vechelde, daughter of ---. Magnus I & his wife had nine children: 1. MATHILDE von Braunschweig (-after 28 Jun 1354, bur Nienburg an der Saale). m as his third wife, BERNHARD III Fürst von Anhalt in Bernburg, son of BERNARD II Fürst von Anhalt & his wife Helena von Rügen ([1300]-20 Aug 1348, bur Nienburg Klosterkirche).). 2. MAGNUS von Braunschweig ([1328]-killed in battle near Leveste 26 Jul 1373, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Co-regent of Braunschweig 1345. Co-regent in Lüneburg 1367. He succeeded in 1368 as MAGNUS II "Torquatus/mit der Kette" Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg. - HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG. 3. ALBRECHT von Braunschweig (-Verden 14 Apr 1395, bur Bremen Cathedral). Provost of St Paul's 1357. Kämmerer of Halberstadt cathedral 1358. Canon at Magdeburg cathedral 1360. Elected Archbishop of Bremen 1360, installed 1363. 4. HEINRICH von Braunschweig (-after 26 Jan 1382). Canon and provost of Heilige Kreuz at Hildesheim 1353/76. Provost at Halberstadt cathedral 1367/82. 5. OTTO von Braunschweig (-killed in battle 16 Jan 1339, bur Nürnberg Franciscan church). 6. LUDWIG von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (-5 Nov 1367, bur Wienhausen). Co-regent of Lüneburg 1355. m (contract 23 Jun 1355, dispensation Avignon 20 Jan 1359) as her first husband, MECHTILD von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, daughter of WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg & his second wife Maria --- ([1338/41]-after 16 May 1410). The marriage contract between “Wilhelm Hertoghe to Brunsw unde to Luneborch...Mechtilde use dochter” and “Hertoghe Magnus van Brunsw...Lodewich sin Sone” is dated 23 Jun 1355[343]. She married secondly (25 Jun 1368) Otto I Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Schaumburg und Pinneberg. a) SOPHIE von Braunschweig (-13 Mar 1412). Abbess of Möllenbeck 1386/1402. Provostin at Gandersheim before 1402, Abbess of Gandersheim 1402. 7. ERNST von Braunschweig (after 26 Feb 1385). In Blankenau 1373. 8. SOPHIE von Braunschweig (-1394). m (before 24 Aug 1366) DIETRICH [V] Graf von Honstein, son of --- (-1379). 9. AGNES von Braunschweig . m (1360) HEINRICH Graf von Honstein in Klettenberg und Lohra, son of --- (-1408). Magnus I had four illegitimate children by Mistress (1): 10. ALBRECHT . 1367. 11. HEINRICH . 1367. 12. MAGNUS . 1367. 13. OTTO . 1367.
D. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG 1368-1471
The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not been identified, unless otherwise specified below.
MAGNUS von Braunschweig, son of MAGNUS I "dem Frommen" Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Göttingen & his wife Sophie von Brandenburg ([1328]-killed in battle near Leveste 26 Jul 1373, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Co-regent of Braunschweig 1345. Co-regent in Lüneburg 1367. He succeeded in 1368 as MAGNUS II "Torquatus/mit der Kette" Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg. m (before 6 Oct 1356) as her first husband, KATHARINA von Anhalt, daughter of BERNHARD III Fürst von Anhalt-Bernburg & his second wife Mathilde von Anhalt in Köthen und Zerbst (-30 Jan 1390, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). She married secondly (Hannover 10 Nov 1373, Celle 11 May 1374) Albrecht III Herzog von Sachsen-Wittenberg Herzog von Lüneburg. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Albrecht to Sassen unde to Lunenborch” married “Hertoghen Magnus weddeven to Brunswick”, calling her “ein Marggrevinne to Brandenborch” [presumably confusing her with the widow of Duke Magnus I][344]. Magnus II & his wife had twelve children: 1. AGNES von Braunschweig (-21 Mar 1410). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. m (before 17 Aug 1372) ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, son of ERNST I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Adelheid von Everstein ([1339]-Salzderhelden [11 Aug/22 Sep] 1383, bur Einbeck St Alexander). 2. FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (-murdered near Kloster Englis, Hessen 5 Jun 1400, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Frederick, de wart geslagen by Frysseler” (named second) as one of the four sons of “Hertoghe Magnus, Hertoghen Magnus sone ein Hertoghe to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch, ein Here to Landesbarge” and his wife[345]. He succeeded in 1381 as FRIEDRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Gifhorn 1388. m ([Hannover 10 Nov 1386]) as her first husband, ANNA von Sachsen-Wittenberg, daughter of WENZEL Elector of Saxony & his wife Cecilia di Carrara (-after 18 Apr 1426, bur Reinhardsbrunn). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “de twey broder Hertoghe Frederick unde Hertoghe Bernd” married “Hertoghen Wenslaus dochter to Sassen”, noting in a later passage that the older daughter Anna married Friedrich[346]. She married secondly (Sangerhausen 14 Jul 1404) as his second wife, Balthasar Landgraf of Thuringia [Wettin]. The marriage of “relicta Friderici de Brunswick” and “Balthazar Thuringiæ lantgravio” is recorded “in Sangerhusen in crastino s. Margarethæ”[347]. Posse discusses her date of death and place of burial[348]. Friedrich & his wife had two children: a) KATHARINA von Braunschweig (-before 26 Nov 1439). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Elizabeth”, who married “Greve Gunter to Swartzeborch”, as older daughter of Duke Friedrich and his wife[349]. m (1413) HEINRICH [XXIV] Graf von Schwarzburg in Blankenburg, son of GÜNTHER [XXX] Graf von Schwarzburg in Blankenburg & his wife Anna von Leuchtenberg (-Arnstadt 4 Oct 1444, bur Arnstadt). b) ANNA von Braunschweig (1390-Innsbruck 11 Aug 1432, bur Stams). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Anna de was so schöne”, who married “Hertoghen Frederick...to Osterick”, as younger daughter of Duke Friedrich and his wife[350]. The necrology of Wilten records the death "II Id Aug 1432" of "Annæ ducissæ Austriæ"[351]. m (Innsbruck before 11 Jun 1411) as his second wife, FRIEDRICH IV "mit den leeren Tasche" Graf von Tirol, son of LEOPOLD III Duke of Austria & his wife Verde Visconti (1382-Innsbruck 24 Jun 1439, bur Stams). 3. SOPHIE von Braunschweig ([1358]-before 28 May 1416). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Ereke”, son of “Ereck, Hertoghen Erekes sone to Sassen”, married “des Hertoghen dochter to Brunswick”[352]. m (8 Apr 1373) ERICH IV Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of ERICH II Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Agnes von Holstein (1354-21 Jun 1412). 4. OTTO von Braunschweig (-30 Jun 1406, bur Bremen Cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Otten...Bischopp te Verden” (named first) as one of the four sons of “Hertoghe Magnus, Hertoghen Magnus sone ein Hertoghe to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch, ein Here to Landesbarge” and his wife[353]. Provost of St Blasius at Bremen 1383/89, resigned. Vitztum of Halberstadt 1384. Canon at Köln cathedral. Bishop of Verden 1395. Archbishop of Bremen 1395. 5. AGNES von Braunschweig (-[1 Aug 1430/22 Dec 1434], bur Gadebusch). m firstly ([1366]) BURCHARD [V] Graf von Mansfeld, son of --- (-after 19 Mar 1389). m secondly (Celle 1391) BOGISLAW VI Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast, son of BARNIM IV Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast und Rügen & his wife Sophie von Werle zu Güstrow [Mecklenburg] ([1350/56]-7 Mar 1393). m thirdly (12/13 Feb 1396) as his second wife, ALBRECHT III Herzog von Mecklenburg ex-King of Sweden, son of ALBRECHT II "der Große" Herzog von Mecklenburg & his first wife Eufemia Eriksdatter of Sweden (1340-Dobrenau [31 Mar /1 Apr] 1412). 6. BERNHARD von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (-11 Jun Winsen 1434, bur Lüneburg St Michael). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Bernd” (named third) as one of the four sons of “Hertoghe Magnus, Hertoghen Magnus sone ein Hertoghe to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch, ein Here to Landesbarge” and his wife[354]. Priest 1378. He succeeded in 1388 as BERNHARD I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg. From 1400 Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig und Lüneburg. From 1409 Herzog von Braunschweig in Braunschweig. From 1428 Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg. m (Hannover 10 Nov 1373, 12 Jul 1385) MARGARETA von Sachsen-Wittenberg, daughter of WENZEL Elector of Saxony & his wife Cecilia di Carrara (-12 Jun 1418, bur Lüneburg St Michael). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “de twey broder Hertoghe Frederick unde Hertoghe Bernd” married “Hertoghen Wenslaus dochter to Sassen”, noting in a later passage that the younger daughter Margarete married Bernhard[355]. Bernhard I & his wife had [four] children: a) OTTO von Braunschweig (-27 May or 1 Jun 1445, bur Lüneburg St Michael). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Otten...hadde eyn scheyff beyn” as older son of Duke Bernhard[356]. He succeeded his father in 1434 as OTTO I "der Hinkende" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg. m (1425) ELISABETH von Everstein, daughter of HERMANN [V] Graf von Everstein & his wife --- (-Gifhorn 10 Feb 1468, bur Kloster Isernhagen). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records in 1425 that “Hertoghe Otto de grote, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” married “Elizabeth des testen Greven dochter to Eversteyne” by whom he was childless[357]. b) FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig (-Celle 19 Mar 1478, bur Celle Grauemönchskloster). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Frederick” as younger son of Duke Bernhard[358]. He succeeded his brother in 1445 as FRIEDRICH "der Fromme" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg. - see below. c) KATHARINA von Braunschweig (-1429 after 6 May, bur Verchen). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Katherina”, who married “Hertoghen Cosmas to Stettyn”, as daughter of Duke Bernhard and his wife[359]. m (before 4 Aug 1424) as his first wife, KASIMIR V Duke of Pomerania in Stettin, son of SWANTIBOR I Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his wife Anna von Nürnberg (after 1380-12 Apr 1435). d) [SOPHIE (-after 22 May 1447). Abbess of Möllenbeck.] 7. HEINRICH von Braunschweig (-Ülzen 14 Oct 1416, bur Braunschweig). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hinrick” (named fourth) as one of the four sons of “Hertoghe Magnus, Hertoghen Magnus sone ein Hertoghe to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch, ein Here to Landesbarge” and his wife[360]. Sub deacon at Hildesheim 1376. Co-regent in Lüneburg 1388. He succeeded in 1409 as HEINRICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg. - HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG in WOLFENBÜTTEL und CALENBERG. 8. ALBRECHT von Braunschweig . Priest 1378. 9. MECHTILD von Braunschweig ([1370]-23 Feb 1433, bur Hoya St Martin). m (13 Dec1384) OTTO [II] Graf von Hoya, son of --- (-13 Apr 1428, bur Hoya St Martin). 10. ELISABETH von Braunschweig (-2 Oct 1420, bur Rastede). Canoness 1381. Canoness at Quedlinburg 1393. She died of the plague[361]. m (before 5 Mar 1399) MORITZ III Graf von Oldenburg, son of KONRAD [II] Graf von Oldenburg & his wife Kunigunde --- (-4 Sep 1420, bur Rastede). 11. HELENE von Braunschweig (bur Nienburg). m ([17 Apr 1390, before 24 Aug 1396) ERICH [I] Graf von Hoya, son of --- (-[29 Jun 1426/25 Sep 1427], bur Nienburg St Martin). 12. KATHARINA [Elisabeth] von Braunschweig (-[1417/3 Apr 1422]). The Chronicon Holtzatiæ names "de domo Brunszwiccensi sororem ducum Bernhardi, Hinrici et Frederici, nomine Elizabeth" as wife of "Gherardus dux Sleszwiccensis et Holtzacie"[362]. m ([1390]) GERHARD Herzog von Schleswig Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg, son of HEINRICH II "dem Eisernen" Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg & his second wife Ingeburg von Mecklenburg (-killed in battle Süderhamme 5 Aug 1404, bur Itzehoe).
FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig, son of BERNHARD I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg & his wife Margareta von Sachsen-Wittenberg (-Celle 19 Mar 1478, bur Celle Grauemönchskloster). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Frederick” as younger son of Duke Bernhard[363]. He succeeded his brother in 1445 as FRIEDRICH "der Fromme" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg. Deposed 1457. He was restored in 1471 after the death of his son. m (Tangermünde 3 Jul 1429, 16 Sep 1430) MAGDALENA von Brandenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH I Markgraf and Elector von Brandenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut ([1412]-Scharnebeck 27 Oct 1454, bur Scharnebeck). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Magdalena”, who married “Hertoghen Frederick to Brunswick unde Lunenborch upp der Heyde”, third of the five daughters of “Marggreve Frederick to Brandenborch unde Borggreve to Nurenbarge” and his wife[364]. Friedrich & his wife had three children: 1. BERNHARD [II] von Braunschweig (1432-9 Feb 1464, bur Lüneburg St Michael). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Bernd...vorstender to Hildessem” first of the two sons of “Hertoghe Frederick, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” and his wife[365]. Administrator of the bishopric of Hildesheim 1452/58. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records the death in 1464 of “Hertoghe Bernd zo Zelle” and his burial “to Lunenborch”[366]. m ([1463]) as her first husband, MECHTILD von Holstein-Schauenburg, daughter of OTTO II Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Honstein (-Neustadt am Rübenberge 22 Jul 1468, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). She married secondly (1466) as his second wife, Wilhelm I "der Ältere/der Siegreiche" Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “de olde Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” married secondly “Metildam, eynes Greven dochter to Schomborch” who died in childbirth[367]. 2. MARGARETA von Braunschweig (-Wienhausen 8 Apr 1512, bur Wienhausen). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Margareta”, who married “Hertoghe Olrick to Stargarde”, as the daughter of “Hertoghe Frederick, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” and his wife[368]. m (contract Dömitz 4 Sep 1452) as his third wife, HEINRICH Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard, son of ULRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard & his second wife Margarete von Pommern (-[26 May/20 Aug] 1466, bur Wanzka). 3. OTTO von Braunschweig ([1438/39]-8/9 Jan 1471, bur Lüneburg St Michael). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Otten” second of the two sons of “Hertoghe Frederick, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” and his wife[369]. He succeeded as OTTO II "der Siegreiche" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg. m (Celle 25 Sep 1467) as her first husband, ANNA von Nassau-Diez, daughter of JOHANN IV Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg & his wife Marie de Looz ([1441]-Celle 8 Apr 1513, bur Celle Marktkirche). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Otto, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Brunswick under to Luneborch” married “eines Greven dochter van Nassaw”, who married secondly “einen Greven van Katzenelenbogen”[370]. She married secondly (contract 30 Nov 1473, 24 Jan 1474) as his second wife, Philipp Graf von Katzenelnbogen. The marriage contract between "Graf Philipp von Katzenelnbogen" and "Frau Anna von Nassau…Herzog Otten von Braunschweig nachgelaßne Wittwe" is dated 30 Nov 1473[371]. Otto II & his wife had two children: a) HEINRICH von Braunschweig (15 Sep 1468-near Bockelskamp, Wienhausen 19 Feb 1532, bur Kloster Wienhausen). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hinrick” as the only son of “Hertoghe Otto, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Brunswick under to Luneborch” and his wife[372]. He succeeded his father in 1471 as HEINRICH "der Mittlere" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg. - see below. b) WILHELM von Braunschweig (-1480).
HEINRICH von Braunschweig, son of OTTO II "der Siegreiche" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg & his wife Anna von Nassau-Diez (15 Sep 1468-near Bockelskamp, Wienhausen 19 Feb 1532, bur Kloster Wienhausen). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hinrick” as the only son of “Hertoghe Otto, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Brunswick under to Luneborch” and his wife[373]. He succeeded his father 1471 as HEINRICH "der Mittlere" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, minor until 1486. Abdicated 1520. He was killed while hunting. m firstly (contract early Nov 1476, Celle 27 Feb 1487) MARGARETA von Sachsen, daughter of ERNST Elector of Saxony & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern (4 Aug 1469-Weimar 7 Dec 1528, bur Weimar St Peter und St Paul). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Margareta”, who married “Hertoghen Hinricke den jungeren to Brunswick unde Lunenborch”, as the younger daughter of “Hertoghen Ernest, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to Döringh, Marggreve to Myssen” and his wife[374]. Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her marriage contract “Magdeburgi die Veneris post omnium Sanctorum” 1476[375]. Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her death 1528 “die Lunæ post Dominicam Nicolai, Vinariæ” 7 Dec, and her burial the next day “in templo parochiale”[376]. An epitaph at Weimar records the death 7 Dec 1528 of “Margaretha geborne Fürstin von Sachsen, Herzogin zu Braunschwig un Lüneburg”[377]. m secondly ([1528]) ANNA van Campe, daughter of ---. Heinrich & his first wife had seven children: 1. ANNA (7 Mar 1492-young). Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her parentage and birth 1492 “die Cinerum”[378]. 2. ELISABETH (11 Sep 1494-Gelre 2 Apr 1572, bur Gelre). Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her parentage and her marriage 1518[379]. m (Celle 7 Dec 1518) KAREL Duke of Gelre, son of ADOLF Duke of Gelre & his wife Catherine de Bourbon (Grave 9 Nov 1467-Arnhem 30 Jun 1538, bur Arnhem Eusebiuskirche). 3. OTTO (24 Aug 1495-Harburg 11 Aug 1549, bur Harburg Schloßkapelle). Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records his parentage and birth 1495 “die Felicis et Eustebii...die Jovis”[380]. He succeeded in 1521, soon after his father's abdication, as OTTO I "der Ältere" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his brother Ernst. He abdicated in 1527 on condition the town of Harburg (in Lüneburg) was granted to him, whereupon he became Herzog von Braunschweig-Harburg. - HERZÖGE VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-HARBURG. 4. ERNST (Ulzen 15 Jun 1497-Celle 11 Jan 1546, bur Celle Marktkirche). Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records his parentage and birth 1497 “die Jovis circa Viti”[381]. He succeeded in 1521, soon after his father's abdication, as ERNST "der Bekenner" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his brother Otto. - see below. 5. APPOLONIA (6 Mar 1499-Ulzen 1 Sep 1571, bur Ulzen Marienkirche). Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her parentage, birth 1499 “die Veneris ante Gregorii festum”, as “virginem monialem cœnobii Weinhusiensis in ditione Luneburgica”[382]. Nun at Wienhausen 1521/25. 6. ANNA (6 Dec 1502-6 Nov 1568, bur Stettin St Otto). Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her parentage (“Hannam”), birth 1502 “die Nicolai, die Martis”, and her betrothal “cum Bernymo Duce Pomeraniæ” in 1523 and their marriage “anno sequenti Stetini”[383]. The Annales Colbazienses record the death "1568 6 Nov" of "ducissa Lunenburgensis, Barnimi senior uxor", specifying that she was buried at Stettin[384]. m (Stettin 10 Aug/6 Nov 1523, Stettin 2 Feb 1525) BARNIM XI Duke of Pomerania-Stettin, son of BOGISLAW X Duke of Pomerania & his second wife Anna of Poland [Piast] (2 Dec 1501-2 Nov 1573). 7. FRANZ (Ulzen 23 Nov 1508-Gifhorn 22/23 Nov 1549, bur Gifhorn). Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records his parentage and birth “natu minimum...die Clementis, die Jovis” 1508[385]. From 1536 he ruled jointly with his older brother Ernst as FRANZ joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg. He abdicated in 1539 on condition the town of Gifhorn (in Lüneburg) was granted to him, whereupon he became Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Gifhorn. Gifhorn reverted to his older brother Ernst on Franz's death without male heirs in 1549. m (Neuhaus im Darssingk 29 Sep 1547) KLARA von Sachsen-Lauenburg, daughter of MAGNUS II Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Katharina von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (13 Dec 1518-Barth auf Rügen 27 Mar 1576, bur Barth Marienkirche). Franz & his wife had two children: a) KATHARINA (1548-Schleiz an Masern 10 Dec 1565, bur Schleiz Bergkirche). m (Fallersleben [9 Apr/7 May] 1564) HEINRICH VII von Plauen Burggraf von Meissen, son of --- (-22 Jan 1572). b) KLARA (Gifhorn 1 Jan 1550-Franzburg 26 Jan 1598, bur Franzburg). m firstly (Dessau 28 May 1565) BERNHARD VII Fürst von Anhalt-Dessau, son of JOHANN II Fürst von Anhalt-Zerbst & his wife Margareta von Brandenburg (Dessau 17 Mar 1540-Dessau 1 Mar 1570, bur Dessau Pfarrkirche). m secondly (Franzburg 8 Sep 1572) as his first wife, BOGISLAW XIII Duke of Pomerania in Barth, son of PHILIPP I Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast & his wife Maria von Sachsen (9 Aug 1544-Stettin 7 Mar 1606). Heinrich & his second wife had two children: 8. FRANZ HEINRICH (-young in France). 9. HEINRICH (-young imprisoned in Celle).
ERNST von Braunschweig, son of HEINRICH "der Mittlere" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg & his first wife Margareta von Sachsen (Ulzen 15 Jun 1497-Celle 11 Jan 1546, bur Celle Marktkirche). He succeeded in 1521, soon after his father's abdication, as ERNST "der Bekenner" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his brother Otto. He ruled solely over Lüneburg after his brother's abdication in 1527, except in Harburg, which was granted to the latter. He ruled jointly with his younger brother Franz 1536-1539, when the latter abdicated in return for receiving Gifhorn. Betrothed (contract 19 --- 1520, ratified 7 Mar 1521, contract terminated ----) to Infanta doña CATALINA de Navarra d'Albret, daughter of JUAN ex-King of Navarre [Albret] & his wife Catalina ex-Queen of Navarre (Pamplona [early 1495]-Caen Nov 1532). R. Anthony records the betrothal contract between Catalina and “[le] duc Ernest de Brunswick et de Lunebourg” is dated “19 --- 1520”, the month missing[386]. Boissonade records that the king of France “promettait d’unir Catherine, sœur du prince d’Albret, avec le duc Henri [mistake for “Ernest”, whose father Duke Heinrich was already married at the time] de Brunswick” and attributed dowry to the princess, citing “ratification du contrat de mariage de Catherine de Navarre par Henri d’Albret (lettres patentes en latin), 5 [corrected by R. Anthony to 7[387]] mars 1520-1521”[388]. No record has been found of the termination of the betrothal contract. Follow her hyperlink for other sources relating to her. m (Schwerin 2/3 Jun 1528) SOPHIE von Mecklenburg, daughter of HEINRICH V "der Friedfertige" Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin in Schwerin & his first wife Ursula von Brandenburg (1508 before 12 Apr-17 Jun 1541, bur Celle Marktkirche). Ernst & his wife had ten children: 1. FRANZ OTTO (1530-Celle 29 Apr 1559, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). He succeeded his father in 1546 as FRANZ OTTO joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his three brothers under a regency. The government of Lüneburg was awarded solely to him in 1555 for a period of seven years, but Franz Otto died before this period expired. m (Cölln an der Spree 5 Feb 1559) ELISABETH MAGDALENE von Brandenburg, daughter of JOACHIM II Elector of Brandenburg & his second wife Jadwiga of Poland (Berlin 6 Nov 1537-Berlin 22 Aug/1 Sep 1595, bur Berlin Cathedral). 2. FRIEDRICH (1532-killed in battle Celle 1553). He succeeded his father in 1546 as FRIEDRICH joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his three brothers under a regency until his death in 1553. 3. HEINRICH (Celle 4 Jun 1533-Dannenberg 19 Jan 1598, bur Dannenberg St Johannes). He succeeded his father in 1546 as HEINRICH "der Jüngere" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his three brothers under a regency until 1555, when the government of Lüneburg was granted solely to his older brother Franz Otto. He succeeded his brother in 1559 as joint Herzog with his brother Wilhelm. He renounced his rights to the family's territories 13 Sep 1569, in return for receiving the town and castle of Dannenberg and the convent of Scharnebeck, whereupon he became Herzog von Braunschweig-Dannenberg. - HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-DANNENBERG. 4. MARGARETA (12 Jul 1534-Marburg 24 Sep 1596, bur Marburg Elisabethkirche). m (14 Aug 1559) JOHANN Graf und Herr zu Mansfeld, son of --- (-Moritzburg zu Halle 3 Mar 1567, bur Eisleben St Andreas). 5. WILHELM (4 Jul 1535-Celle 20 Aug 1592, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). He succeeded his father in 1546 as WILHELM joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his three brothers under a regency, until 1555 when the government of Lüneburg was granted solely to his older brother Franz Otto. He succeeded his brother in 1559 as WILHELM "der Junge" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his brother Heinrich. - HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG in LÜNEBURG. 6. URSULA (1 Oct 1536-21 Oct 1538). 7. KATHARINA (19 Dec 1537-1540 or 23 Feb 1618, bur Kloster Medingen). 8. ELISABETH URSULA (1539-Detmold 3 Sep 1586, bur Stadthagen). m (Celle 5 Jun 1558) as his second wife, OTTO IV Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Schauenburg, son of JOBST I Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg & his wife Maria von Nassau-Dillenburg (-Bückeburg 22 Dec 1576, bur Stadthagen Mausoleum). 9. MAGDALENE SOPHIE (3 May 1540-3 Jun 1586, bur Burgdorf). m (27 May 1561) ARNOLD Graf von Bentheim und Steinfurt, son of --- (-1566 before 1 Oct). 10. SOPHIE (18 Jun 1541-Herrenbreitungen 17 Jan 1631, bur Schleusingen). m (Schleusingen 1 Jun 1562) as his second wife, POPPO Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen in Ilmenau, son of WILHELM [IV] Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen & his wife Anastasia von Brandenburg (20 Sep 1513-Burgbreitungen 16 Apr 1574, bur Burgbreitungen).
E. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-HARBURG
OTTO von Braunschweig, son of HEINRICH "der Mittlere" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg & his first wife Margareta von Sachsen (24 Aug 1495-Harburg 11 Aug 1549, bur Harburg Schloßkapelle). Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records his parentage and birth 1495 “die Felicis et Eustebii...die Jovis”[389]. He succeeded in 1521, soon after his father's abdication, as OTTO I "der Ältere" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his brother Ernst. He abdicated in 1527 on condition the town of Harburg (in Lüneburg) was granted to him, whereupon he became Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Harburg. m (Autumn 1525) META van Campe, daughter of JAN van Campe & his wife --- (-16 Oct 1580, bur Harburg Schloßkapelle). Otto & his wife had seven children: 1. ANNA (1526-1527, bur Harburg Schloßkapelle). She died of smallpox[390]. 2. OTTO (b and d 1527, bur Harburg Schloßkapelle). 3. ERNST (1527-Schloß Harburg 12 Jul 1540, bur Harburg Schloßkapelle). He died after falling from scaffolding[391]. 4. OTTO (Celle 5 Sep 1528-20 Oct 1603, bur Harburg Franciscan church). He succeeded his father in 1549 as OTTO II "der Jüngere" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Harburg. m firstly (8 Sep 1551) as her second husband, MARGARETA von Schwarzburg-Leutenberg, widow of HEINRICH XV Reuß zu Schleiz, daughter of JOHANN HEINRICH Graf von Schwarzburg-Leutenberg & his wife --- ([1529]-Harburg 18 Mar 1559, bur Harburg). m secondly (contract 3 Oct 1562, 8 Nov 1562) HEDWIG Gräfin von Ostfriesland, daughter of ENNO II Graf von Ostfriesland & his wife Anna von Oldenburg-Delmenhorst (29 Jun 1535-Harburg 4 Dec 1616, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). Otto & his first wife had three children: a) ELISABETH ANNA (18 Sep 1553-Harburg 6 Aug 1618, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). m (Schloß Harburg 25 Jun 1582) ERIK Persson Brahe greve av Visingsborg, son of --- (-Danzig 15 Apr 1614). b) OTTO HEINRICH Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg (16 Jun 1555-Brussels 15 Oct 1591). Provost of St Blasius at Braunschweig 1568. Canon at Bremen cathedral 1569/91. m (before 1588) MARIE de Hénin, daughter of JACQUES de Hénin Marquis de Vere, Baron de Haussy & his wife --- (-1606). Otto Heinrich & his wife had one child: - von BRAUNSCHWEIG-LÜNEBURG. c) JOHANN FRIEDRICH (23 Feb 1557-21 Feb 1619, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). Otto & his second wife had twelve children: d) WILHELM AUGUST (15 Mar 1564-Harburg 30 Mar 1642, bur Celle Stadtkirche). He succeeded his father in 1603 as WILHELM AUGUST joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Harburg, jointly with his brothers. From 1635, in Ober-Hoya und Blankenburg. e) ENNO (1 Dec 1565-Ostfriesland 1600). He died of smallpox[392]. f) ANNA MARGARETA (25 Mar 1567-Quedlinburg 22 Aug 1643, bur Quedlinburg Schloßkirche). Coadjutrix at Quedlinburg 1593, Provost 1601. g) HEINRICH (20 Aug 1568-2 Oct 1569, bur Harburg). h) HEDWIG (20 Aug 1569-Harburg 6 Mar 1620, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). i) CHRISTOPH (21 Aug 1570-Harburg 7 Jul 1656, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). He succeeded his father in 1603 as CHRISTOPH joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Harburg, jointly with his brothers. m (Harburg 28 Oct 1604) as her second husband, ELISABETH Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, widow of ADOLF XI Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg, daughter of JULIUS Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his wife Hedwig von Brandenburg (Schloß Hessen am Falkenstein 23 or 25 Feb 1567-Otterndorf 24 Nov 1618, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). Abbess of Gandersheim 1577/82. j) OTTO (20 Mar 1572-Harburg 25 Feb 1641, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). Canon at Bremen cathedral 1582. He succeeded his father in 1603 as OTTO III joint Herzog von Braunschweig-Harburg, jointly with his brothers. m (Wolfenbüttel 25 Apr 1621) HEDWIG Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, daughter of JULIUS Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his wife Hedwig von Brandenburg (Wolfenbüttel 15 Oct 1580-Harburg 11 Mar 1657, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). k) JOHANN (19 Jul 1573-28 Feb 1625, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). l) ELISABETH (1 Dec 1574-Harburg 20 Jun 1575, bur Harburg). m) KATHARINA SOPHIE (6 May 1577-18 Dec 1665). m (Harburg 26 Feb 1609) HERMANN II Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg, son of JOBST II Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg Herr zu Gemen & his wife Elisabeth van Palant (15 Sep 1575-Sachsenhagen 15 Dec 1634, bur 1635 Stadthagen). n) FRIEDRICH (6 Sep 1578-killed in battle Nenkholm near Riga 17 Sep 1605, bur Mitau Schloßkirche). o) AUGUST FRIEDRICH (18 Feb 1580-3 Sep 1582, bur Harburg). He died from smallpox[393]. 5. FRIEDRICH (1530-1533, bur Harburg Schloßkapelle). 6. MARGARETA (1532-1539, bur Harburg Schloßkapelle). 7. SUSANNA (3 Aug 1536-4 Sep 1581, bur Harburg Schloßkapelle).
F. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG und LÜNEBURG in WOLFENBÜTTEL und CALENBERG 1409-1503
The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not been identified, unless otherwise specified below.
HEINRICH von Braunschweig, son of BERNHARD I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg & his wife Margareta von Sachsen-Wittenberg (-Ülzen 14 Oct 1416, bur Braunschweig). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hinrick” (named fourth) as one of the four sons of “Hertoghe Magnus, Hertoghen Magnus sone ein Hertoghe to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch, ein Here to Landesbarge” and his wife[394]. Sub deacon at Hildesheim 1376. Co-regent in Lüneburg 1388. He succeeded in 1409 as HEINRICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg. m firstly (contract 31 Jul 1386, 11 Nov 1388) SOPHIE von Pommern, daughter of WARTISLAW VI Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast & his wife Anna von Mecklenburg (-28 Jun 1406). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Hinrick, Hertoghe Magnus sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch” married “Soffyam des Hertoghen dochter van Bard unde Wolgast”[395]. m secondly (Kassel 30 Jan 1409) MARGARETA von Hessen, daughter of HERMANN II "der Gelehrte" Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his second wife Margareta von Nürnberg (Marburg 1389-Rotenburg an der Fulda 1446). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Hinrick, Hertoghe Magnus sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch” married “Margretam des Lantgreven dochter to Hessen, Hertoghen Otten Forstynne suster over Wolt to Gotting” after his first wife died[396]. Heinrich II & his first wife had two children: 1. KATHARINA von Braunschweig (-Grimma 28 Dec 1442, bur Meissen Cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Katherina”, who married “Marggreven Frederiken to Myssen”, as the daughter of “Hertoghe Hinrick, Hertoghe Magnus sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch” and his first wife[397]. "Hinric hertoge to Brunswic und to Luneborgh" intended to betrothe "Katherinen unse…dochter…wen se erst zwelff jar olt is" to "Adoulff van dem Berge greuen to Ravensberge" by charter dated 28 Oct 1397[398]. Betrothed (contract 28 Oct 1397) to ADOLF von Berg, son of WILHELM VII Duke of Jülich and Berg & his wife Anna Pfalzgräfin bei Rhein (-Köln 14 Jul 1437, bur Köln St Martin). He succeeded in 1408 as Graf von Berg und Ravensberg. He succeeded in 1423 as ADOLF Duke of Jülich. m (8 Feb 1402) FRIEDRICH IV "der Streitbare" Markgraf von Meissen, son of FRIEDRICH III "der Strenge" joint Markgraf von Meissen & his wife Katharina von Henneberg (11 Apr 1370-Altenburg 4 Jan 1428, bur Meissen Cathedral). He was installed in 1423 by the Emperor as FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Sachsen, Elector of Saxony. 2. WILHELM von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1392-Braunschweig 25 Jul 1482, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Wilhelm” as the son of “Hertoghe Hinrick, Hertoghe Magnus sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch” and his first wife[399]. He succeeded his father in 1416 as WILHELM I "der Ältere" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel. The Notæ Sancti Blasii record the death "1482 die Iacobi" of "princeps dominus Wilhelmus in Brunswik et Lunenburg dux"[400]. m firstly (Berlin 30 May 1423) CÄCILIE von Brandenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH I Elector of Brandenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut (-4 Jan 1449, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Cecilia”, who married “Hertoghen Wilhelm to Brunswick unde Lunenborch”, second of the five daughters of “Marggreve Frederick to Brandenborch unde Borggreve to Nurenbarge” and his wife[401]. The Notæ Sancti Blasii name "Cecilia de Brandenburg" as wife of "princeps dominus Wilhelmus in Brunswik et Lunenburg dux"[402]. m secondly (1466) as her second husband, MECHTILD von Holstein-Schauenburg, widow of BERNHARD II Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, daughter of OTTO II Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Honstein (-Neustadt am Rübenberge 22 Jul 1468, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). The Notæ Sancti Blasii name "Mechildis de Holstein et Schounborg" as second wife of "princeps dominus Wilhelmus in Brunswik et Lunenburg dux"[403]. Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “de olde Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” married secondly “Metildam, eynes Greven dochter to Schomborch” who died in childbirth[404]. Mistress (1): CÄCILIA, daughter of ---. Wilhelm I & his first wife had two children: a) WILHELM von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (-7 Jul 1503, bur Münden St Blasius). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Wilhelm unde Frederick” as the two sons of “de olde Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” and his wife “Ceciliam...to Brandenborch”[405]. He succeeded his father in 1482 as WILHELM II "der Jungere" Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. - see below. b) FRIEDRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (-Münden 6 Mar 1495, bur Münden St Blasius). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Wilhelm unde Frederick” as the two sons of “de olde Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” and his wife “Ceciliam...to Brandenborch”[406]. He succeeded in 1482 as FRIEDRICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Calenberg. m firstly (Munich Feb 1463, divorced 1467) as her second husband, ANNA von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, widow of ALBRECHT III "der Fromme" Duke of Bavaria-Munich, daughter of ERICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Göttingen (1415-Nannhofen 9 Oct 1474, bur Andechs). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Anna” fifth of the five daughters of “Hertoghe Ereke, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke” and his wife, who married “Hertoghen Albrecht to Beyeren” and secondly “Hertoghen Frederick, des olden Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch”[407]. m secondly (16 Nov 1483) MARGARETA von Rietberg, daughter of KONRAD [V] Graf von Rietberg & his wife --- (-[4 Jan 1533/6 Jun 1535]). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Frederick, Hertoghe Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” married secondly “Margaretam des Greven dochter van Retbarge”[408]. Wilhelm I & his second wife had one child: c) OTTO von Braunschweig (Neustadt am Rübenberge [20 Jul 1468]-[22 Jul] 1471, bur Kloster Obernkirchen). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “de olde Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” married secondly “Metildam, eynes Greven dochter to Schomborch” who died in childbirth giving birth to their son “Otto” who died young[409]. Wilhelm I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1): d) SOPHIA . A nun in Marienau. Heinrich II & his second wife had one child: 3. HEINRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1411-Wolfenbüttel 6/8 Dec 1473, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hinrick” as the son of “Hertoghe Hinrick, Hertoghe Magnus sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch” and his second wife[410]. m (12 Feb 1436) HELENE von Kleve, daughter of ADOLF Duke of Kleve & his second wife Marie de Bourgogne [Valois-Capet] (18 Aug 1423-3 Jul 1471, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records in 1437 that “Hertoghe Hinrick to Brunswick unde Lunenborch, des Hertoghen Hinrikes sone” married “Helenam, des Hertoghen dochter van Cleve unde Marggreve to der Marcke”[411]. Heinrich & his wife had one child: a) MARGARETA (Wolfenbüttel Jul 1451-Mainberg 13 Feb 1509, bur Kloster Vesara). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Margareta”, who married “Greven Wilhelm to Hennenbarghe”, as the daughter of “Hertoghe Hinrick to Brunswick unde Lunenborch, des Hertoghen Hinrikes sone” and his wife[412]. m (Wolfenbüttel 5 Nov 1469) WILHELM [III] Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen, son of --- (-Salurn 26 May 1480, bur Kloster Vesara).
WILHELM von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, son of WILHELM I "der Ältere" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel & his first wife Cäcilie von Brandenburg (-7 Jul 1503, bur Münden St Blasius). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Wilhelm unde Frederick” as the two sons of “de olde Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertoghen Hinrikes sone to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” and his wife “Ceciliam...to Brandenborch”[413]. He succeeded his father in 1482 as WILHELM II "der Jungere" Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. m (Papal dispensation Nürnberg 21 Sep 1444, before 26 Nov 1444) ELISABETH zu Stolberg, daughter of BOTHO Graf zu Stolberg & his wife --- ([1434]-Stauffenburg [7 Sep 1520/1522], bur Gandersheim Barfüsserkirche). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertoghen Wilhelms sone des olden to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” married “Elizabeth, des Greven Hinrikes suster to Stalberge, unde ein Her to Wernigerode”[414]. Wilhelm & his wife had three children: 1. ANNA ([Hardegsen] [1459/60]-Worms 16 May 1520, bur Worms St Andreas). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Anna”, who married “Lantgreve Lodewich to Hessen”, as the daughter of “Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertoghen Wilhelms sone des olden to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” and his wife[415]. m (Münden 17 Feb 1488) WILHELM I Landgraf von Hessen, son of LUDWIG IV "der Freimütige" Landgraf zu Hessen & his wife Mechtild von Württemberg (4 Jul 1466-Kassel 8 Feb 1515, bur Marburg Elisabethkirche). 2. HEINRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (24 Jun 1463-killed in battle Leerort 23 Jun 1514, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hertoghen Hinrick unde Hertoghen Ereken” as the two sons of “Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertoghen Wilhelms sone des olden to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” and his wife[416]. He succeeded his father in 1503 as HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. m (contract 24 Jun 1485, Aug 1486) KATHARINA von Pommern, daughter of ERICH II Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast & his second wife Sophie von Pommern (1465-Wolfenbuttel 1526). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertogh Hinrick, Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch, over Wolt by der Leyne” married “Margaretam, Hertoghen Bucksleves suster to Pomern unde Bart”[417]. Heinrich & his wife had nine children: a) CHRISTOPH (1487-Angermünde 22 Jan 1558, bur Verden Cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Christoph...Hinrich” as the two sons of “Hertogh Hinrick, Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch, over Wolt by der Leyne” and his wife[418]. Elected Archbishop of Bremen 1493, coadjutor 1500, installed 1511. Bishop of Verden 1502. b) HEINRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (10 Nov 1489-Wolfenbüttel 11 Jun 1568, bur Wolfenbüttel). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Christoph...Hinrich” as the two sons of “Hertogh Hinrick, Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch, over Wolt by der Leyne” and his wife[419]. He succeeded his father in 1514 as HEINRICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. - see below. c) ELISABETH (-[6 Nov 1560/24 Mar 1563]). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Elizabeth” as the daughter of “Hertogh Hinrick, Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch, over Wolt by der Leyne” and his wife[420]. Nun at Steterburg 1503, domina until 1556. d) KATHARINA (-Neuhaus 29 Jun 1563, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral). m (Wolfenbüttel [17/20] Nov 1509) MAGNUS I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of JOHANN V Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Dorothea von Brandenburg (-1 Aug 1543, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral). e) FRANZ (1492-Wolfenbüttel 25 Nov 1529, bur Riddagshausen). Bishop of Minden 1508. f) GEORG (22 Nov 1494-Bremervörde 4 Dec 1566, bur Verden Cathedral). Canon at Köln Cathedral 1514, provost 1530. Canon at Strasbourg Cathedral and at St Gereon, Köln 1523. Provost at St Blasius, Braunschweig 1523. Archdeacon at Strasbourg 1524. Bishop of Minden 1554. Elected Archbishop of Bremen and Bishop of Verden 1558. Installed as Archbishop of Bremen 1561. g) ERICH ([1500]-29 Nov 1553). Knight of the Teutonic Order 1517. Comtur at Memel 1519/1525, and at Koblenz 1524/1532. h) WILHELM (-1557 before 8 Oct). Knight of the Teutonic Order, comtur at Mirow 1541/1552. i) JOHANN (-young, bur Wittenberg). 3. ERICH von Braunschweig (Neustadt am Rübenberge 16 Feb 1470-Hagenau 30 Jul 1540, bur Münden St Blasius). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hertoghen Hinrick unde Hertoghen Ereken” as the two sons of “Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertoghen Wilhelms sone des olden to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” and his wife[421]. He succeeded in 1495 as ERICH I Herzog von Braunschweig-Calenberg. In Göttingen and Hannover 1512. m firstly (Münden 29 Jun 1497) as her second husband, KATHARINA von Sachsen, widow of SIGISMUND "der Münzreiche" Archduke of Austria Graf von Tirol, daughter of ALBRECHT "dem Beherzten" Duke of Saxony & his wife Zdenka Podiebrad of Bohemia (Meissen 24 Jul 1468-Göttingen 10 Feb 1524, bur Münden St Blasii). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Katerina”, who married “Hertoch Sigmunt to Osterrick unde to Tyrol”, as the daughter of “Hertogh Albrecht, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to Döring, Marggreve to Myssen” and his wife[422]. Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records, under the title “Von Frauen Catharina gebohrnen von Sachsen Hertzogen Albrechten zu Sachsen Tochter”, the birth 1468 of “Furstin Fraw Anna [error for Catharina]...Hertzog Albrechts zu Sachsen und seiner Gemahlin...Zedena...Tochter, der schönsten Furstin eine im Teutschen Lande” and her marriage 1484 “Mitwochen nach unserer lieben Frawen Tag Lichtmess gen Innsprugk” with “Ertz Herzogen Sigismund zu Oesterreich”[423]. The Chronicon terræ Misnensis s. Buchense records the betrothal “Anno LXXXIV...in carnisprivio” of “filia Alberti ducis Saxonie iuvencula...que prius fuit cuidam duci de Brunzwiga desponsata” and “Sigismundo ducr Austrie feri septigenario”[424]. Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records her second marriage 1497 “ungefehrlich umb St Petri und Pauli Tag” with “Hertzog Erichen von Braunschweig”, and her death 1524, childless[425]. m secondly (Berlin 26 Feb 1525) as her first husband, ELISABETH von Brandenburg, daughter of JOACHIM I Elector of Brandenburg & his wife Elisabeth of Denmark (Berlin 24 Aug 1510-Ilmenau 27 May 1558, bur Vessra). She married secondly (Münden 31 May and 1 Jun 1546) as his first wife, Poppo Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen in Ilmenau. Erich & his second wife had four children: a) ERICH von Braunschweig-Calenberg (Münden 10 Aug 1528-Pavia 17 Nov 1584, bur Pavia Santa Maria Coronata). He succeeded his father in 1540 as ERICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Calenberg. m firstly (Münden 17 May 1545, divorced 2 Mar 1573) SIDONIE von Sachsen, daughter of HEINRICH V "der Fromme" Duke of Saxony & his wife Katharina von Mecklenburg (Meissen 8 Mar 1518-Kloster Weissenfels 4 Jan 1575, bur Freiberg Cathedral). Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth of “Freulein Sidonia” in 1518 “Montags nach Oculi”[426]. m secondly (Nancy 19/20 Dec 1576) as her first husband, DOROTHEE de Lorraine, daughter of FRANÇOIS I Duke of Lorraine & his wife Christine Pss of Denmark (posthumously Château de Deneuvre 24 Aug 1545-Nancy 2 Jun 1621, bur Nancy). She married secondly (1597) Marc de Rye de la Palud Marquis de Varambon, Comte de la Roche et de Villersexel. Mistress (1): KATHARINA von Weldam, daughter of CORNILLE von Weldam, Imperial counsellor & his wife ---. Erich had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1): i) KATHARINA (before 9 May 1564-2 Feb 1606). m (1580) GIOVANNI ANDREA Doria, son of --- (-1606). ii) WILHELM Herr von Lysfelt (-3 Apr 1585, bur Pavia). b) ELISABETH (Nienover 8 Apr 1526-19 Aug 1566, bur Schelusingen St Johannis). m (Münden 19 Aug 1543) as his first wife, GEORG ERNST Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen, son of WILHELM [IV] Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen & his wife Anastasia von Brandenburg (27 May 1511-Dorf Henneberg 27 Dec 1583, bur Schleusingen). c) ANNA MARIE (23 Apr 1532- Schloß Neuhausen bei Königsberg 20 Mar 1568, bur Königsberg Cathedral). Abbess of Wunstorf to 1550. m (Königsberg 16 Feb 1550) as his second wife, ALBRECHT von Brandenburg Duke of Prussia, son of FRIEDRICH V "der Ältere" Markgraf von Brandenburg in Ansbach & his wife Zofia of Poland (Ansbach 17 May 1490-Schloß Tappiau 20 Mar 1568, bur Königsberg Cathedral). d) KATHARINA (Münden 28 May 1534-10 May 1559, bur Kloster Hohenfurth). m (Münden 28 Feb 1557 and Krumau 24 Oct 1557) WILHELM Herr von Rosenberg, son of --- (-Prague 31 Aug 1592, bur Krumau).
HEINRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, son of HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his wife Katharina von Pommern (10 Nov 1489-Wolfenbüttel 11 Jun 1568, bur Wolfenbüttel). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Christoph...Hinrich” as the two sons of “Hertogh Hinrick, Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch, over Wolt by der Leyne” and his wife[427]. He succeeded his father in 1514 as HEINRICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. m firstly (contract 23 Aug 1510, Urach 18 Feb 1515) MARIE von Württemberg, daughter of HEINRICH Graf von Württemberg-Hohenurach & his second wife Eva von Salm (Hohenurach 15 Aug 1496-Wolfenbüttel 28 Dec 1541, bur Kloster Steterburg). m secondly (Wolfenbüttel 25 Feb 1556) ZOFIA Pss of Poland, daughter of ZYGMUNT I “Stary/the Old” King of Poland & his second wife Bona Sforza of Milan (Krakow 13 Jul 1522-Schöningen 28 May 1575, bur Wolfenbüttel). Mistress (1): EVA von Trorr, daughter of --- (1505-1567). Heinrich & his first wife had eleven children: 1. MARGARETA ([1516/17]-Staufenburg 27/28 Oct 1580, bur Wolfenbüttel). m (contract 7 Sep 1561, Oels 8 Sep 1561) as his second wife, JAN Duke of Münsterberg-Oels in Oels, son of KARL Duke of Münsterberg and Oels [Podiebrad] & his wife Anna von Sagan und Glogau [Piast] (4 Nov 1509-28 Feb 1565, bur Oels). 2. ANDREAS (chr Staufenburg 21 Dec 1517-young, bur Gandersheim Barfüsserkirche). 3. KATHARINA (Wolfenbüttel 1518-Krosen an der Oder 16 May 1574, bur Küstrin Marienkirche). m (Wolfenbüttel 11 Nov 1536) JOHANN Markgraf von Brandenburg-Küstrin, son of JOACHIM I Elector of Brandenburg & his wife Elisabeth of Denmark (Tangermünde 3 Aug 1513-Küstrin 13 Jan 1571, bur Küstrin Marienkirche). 4. MARIE ([1521]-Wolfenbüttel 4 Jun 1539, bur Steterburg). Coadjutrix of Gandersheim 1530, abbess 1538. 5. KARL VIKTOR (Wolfenbüttel 11 Apr 1525-killed in battle near Sievershausen 9 Jul 1553, bur Wolfenbüttel). 6. PHILIPP MAGNUS (before 26 Feb 1527-killed in battle near Sievershausen 9 Jul 1553, bur Wolfenbüttel). Elected Bishop of Minden 1530, coadjutor until 1534. 7. JULIUS von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 29 Jun 1528-Wolfenbüttel 3/13 May 1589, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). Canon at Köln Cathedral 1545. Elected Bishop of Minden 1552, resigned 1554. He succeeded his father in 1568 as JULIUS Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. In Calenberg and Göttingen 1584. m (Cölln an der Spree 25 Feb 1560) HEDWIG von Brandenburg, daughter of JOACHIM II Elector of Brandenburg & his second wife Jadwiga of Poland (Cölln an der Spree 23 Feb 1540-Wolfenbüttel 21 Oct 1602, bur Wolfenbüttel). a) SOPHIE HEDWIG (Wolfenbüttel 1 Dec 1561-Loitz 30 Jan 1631, bur Wolgast). m (Wolgast 20 Oct 1577) ERNST LUDWIG Duke of Pomerania, son of PHILIPP I Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast & his wife Maria von Sachsen (2 Nov 1545-Wolgast 17 Jun 1592, bur Wolgast St Peter). b) HEINRICH JULIUS von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Hessen 15 Oct 1564-Prague 20 Jul 1613, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). He succeeded his father in 1589 as HEINRICH JULIUS Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. - see below. c) MARIE (Schladen 13 Jan 1566-Lauenburg 13 Aug 1626, bur Lauenburg). m (Wolfenbüttel 10 Nov 1582) as his second wife, FRANZ Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of FRANZ I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Sibylle von Sachsen (Ratzeburg St Lorenz 10 Aug 1547-Lauenburg 2 Jul 1619, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche). He succeeded his brother in 1587 as FRANZ II Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg. d) ELISABETH (Schloß Hessen am Falkenstein 23 or 25 Feb 1567-Otterndorf 24 Nov 1618, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). Abbess of Gandersheim 1577/82. m firstly (Wolfenbüttel 28 Apr 1583) ADOLF XI Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg, son of OTTO IV Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Schauenburg & his first wife Maria von Pommern (27 Oct 1547-Minden 2 Jul 1601, bur Stadthagen). m secondly (Harburg 28 Oct 1604) CHRISTOPH Herzog von Braunschweig-Harburg, son of OTTO II "der Jüngere" Herzog von Braunschweig-Harburg & his second wife Hedwig Gräfin von Ostfriesland (21 Aug 1570-Harburg 7 Jul 1656, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). e) PHILIPP SIEGMUND (Hessen 1 Jul 1568-Iburg 19 Mar 1623, bur Verden Cathedral). Canon at Köln Cathedral 1579, resigned 1613. Bishop of Verden 1586. Administrator of the Bishopric of Osnabrück 1591. Canon at Bremen and Magdeburg Cathedrals 1592/1602. f) MARGARETA (27 Jun 1571-Wolfenbüttel 20 Jan 1580, bur Wolfenbüttel Heinrichstadt). g) JOACHIM KARL (Wolfenbüttel 29 Apr 1573-Calvörde 14 Oct 1615, bur Marienthal). Canon of St Gereon at Köln 1579. Canon at Strasbourg Cathedral 1583, provost 1591/1593. Joachim Karl had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress: i) KARL CHRISTIAN von Braunschweig (after 28 Jul 1627). h) SABINE KATHARINA (Wolfenbüttel 29 Apr 1574-7 Sep 1590, bur Wolfenbüttel). i) DOROTHEA AUGUSTE (Wolfenbüttel 12 Feb 1577-Wolfenbüttel 19 Dec 1625, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). Canoness at Gandersheim 1601, Coadjutrix 1602. Abbess of Gandersheim 1611. j) JULIUS AUGUST (Wolfenbüttel 9 Feb 1578-Michaelstein 31 Aug 1617, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). Provost at St Blasius, Braunschweig 1593. Abbot of Michaelstein 1599. k) HEDWIG (Wolfenbüttel 15 Oct 1580-Harburg 11 Mar 1657, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). m (Wolfenbüttel 25 Apr 1621) OTTO III Herzog von Braunschweig-Harburg, son of OTTO II "der Jüngere" Herzog von Braunschweig-Harburg & his second wife Hedwig Gräfin von Ostfriesland (20 Mar 1572-Harburg 25 Feb 1641, bur Harburg Stadtkirche). 8. KLARA (16 Nov 1532-Herzberg 23 Nov 1595, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche). m (Wolfenbüttel 1 Jul 1560) PHILIPP von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, son of PHILIPP I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Katharina von Mansfeld (Herzberg 2 May 1533-Herzberg 4 Apr 1596, bur Osterode Ägidienkirche). He succeeded his brother in 1567 as PHILIPP II Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen in Herzberg und Osterode. He succeeded his brother in 1595 in Grubenhagen. 9. HEINRICH (young, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). 10. JOHANN (young, bur Steterburg). 11. JOACHIM (young, bur Schöningen). Heinrich had nine illegitimate children by Mistress (1): 12. HEINRICH THEUERDANK von Kirchberg (-1592). 13. ALEXANDER von Kirchberg (after 1548). 14. EITEL HEINRICH von Kirchberg (-1597). 15. HEINRICH KARL von Kirchberg (-Gröningen 1591). Canon at Hildesheim 1548. 16. ZIFRA von Kirchberg (Staufenburg [1525/30]-aged 11 weeks). 17. ZIFRA [Branzifra] von Kirchberg (-before 9 Sep 1564). m firstly CHRISTIAN von Jennwitz, son of --- (-killed in battle near Sievershausen 1553). m secondly ([1555/56]) JÜRGEN von Beugentin, son of ---. 18. SIDONIA von Kirchberg (Staufenburg 1534-Groß-Vahlberg 1597). m (1556) CHRISTOPH von Weferling, son of --- (-1565). 19. EVA von Kirchberg (-after 6 Nov 1606). 20. KATHARINA von Kirchberg (Liebenburg [1541/42]-[1548/52]).
HEINRICH JULIUS von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, son of JULIUS Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his wife Hedwig von Brandenburg (Hessen 15 Oct 1564-Prague 20 Jul 1613, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). He succeeded his father in 1589 as HEINRICH JULIUS Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. He acquired Grubenhagen on the death of the last duke in 1596. m firstly (Wolfenbüttel 26 Sep 1585) DOROTHEA von Sachsen, daughter of AUGUST Elector of Saxony, Herzog von Sachsen & his first wife Anna Pss of Denmark (Dresden 4 Oct 1563-Wolfenbüttel 13/23 Feb 1587, bur Wolfenbüttel). m secondly (Copenhagen, Kronborg Castle 19 Apr 1590) ELIZABETH Pss of Denmark, daughter of FREDERIK II King of Denmark, King of Norway & his wife Sophie von Mecklenburg-Güstrow (Kolding 25 Aug 1573-Braunschweig 19/29 Jul 1625, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). Heinrich Julius & his first wife had one child: 1. DOROTHEA HEDWIG (Wolfenbüttel 3 Feb 1587-Zerbst 16 Oct 1609, bur Zerbst Schloß Fürstengruft). m (Wolfenbüttel 29 Dec 1605) as his first wife, RUDOLF I Fürst von Anhalt-Zerbst, son of JOACHIM ERNST Fürst von Anhalt in Zerbst, Bernburg, Köthen und Dessau & his second wife Eleonore von Württemberg (Harzgerode 28 Oct 1576-Zerbst 30 Jul 1621, bur Zerbst St Bartholomäi). Heinrich Julius & his second wife had ten children: 2. FRIEDRICH ULRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 5 Apr 1591-Braunschweig 11 Aug 1634, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). He succeeded his father in 1613 as FRIEDRICH ULRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. He was obliged to cede Grubenhagen to Christian Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg by Imperial judgment 28 Jul 1616, confirmed by agreement 23 Feb 1617, transfer effective Mar 1617. m (Wolfenbüttel 4 Sep 1614) ANNA SOPHIE Markgräfin von Brandenburg, daughter of JOHANN SIGISMUND Elector of Brandenburg & his wife Anna Pss von Preußen (Berlin Schloß, Cölln an der Spree 17/27 Mar 1598-Berlin 19/29 Dec 1659, bur Berlin Cathedral). 3. SOPHIE HEDWIG (Wolfenbüttel 20 Feb 1592-Nassau Palace, Arnhem 23 Jan 1642, bur Leeuwarden). Heiress of Spiegelberg. m (Gröningen bei Halberstadt 8 Jun 1607) ERNST KASIMIR Graf von Nassau-Diez, son of JOHANN VI "der Ältere" Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg in Dillenburg, Siegen, Hadamar und Diez & his first wife Elisabeth von Leuchtenberg (Dillenburg 22 Dec 1573-killed in battle near Roermond 2 Jun 1632, bur Leewarden). 4. ELISABETH (Wolfenbüttel 23 Jun 1593-Altenburg 25 Mar 1650, bur Altenburg Brüderkirche). m firstly (Dresden 1 Jan 1612) AUGUST Herzog zu Sachsen, son of CHRISTIAN I Elector of Saxony & his wife Sophie Markgräfin von Brandenburg (-Naumburg 26 Dec 1615, bur Freiberg Cathedral). m secondly (Altenburg 25 Oct 1618) JOHANN PHILIPP Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg, son of FRIEDRICH WILHELM I Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg & his first wife Sophie Herzogin von Württemberg (Torgau 25 Jan 1597-Altenburg 1 Apr 1639, bur Altenburg Brüderkirche). 5. HEDWIG (Wolgast 19 Feb 1595-Neustettin 26 Jun 1650, bur Rügenwalde). Coadjutrix of Gandersheim 1612/1619. m (Wolfenbüttel 7/17 Feb 1619) ULRICH von Pommern, son of BOGISLAW XIII Duke of Pomerania in Barth & his first wife Klara von Braunschweig-Gifhorn (12 Aug 1587-Pribernow 31 Oct 1622, bur Stettin St Otto). 6. DOROTHEA (Wolfenbüttel 8 Jul 1596-Ziesar 1 Sep 1643, bur Altenburg Brüderkirche). m (Wolfenbüttel 1 Jan 1615) CHRISTIAN WILHELM Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of JOACHIM FRIEDRICH Elector of Brandenburg & his first wife Katharina von Brandenburg-Küstrin (Wolmirstedt 28 Aug 1587-Kloster Zinna 1 Jan 1665, bur Ziesar). 7. HEINRICH JULIUS (Gröningen 7 Oct 1597-11 Jul 1606, bur Wolfenbüttel). 8. CHRISTIAN (Gröningen 10/20 Sep 1599-Wolfenbüttel 6 Jun 1626, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). Bishop of Halberstadt 1616, resigned 1624. Canon at Bremen Cathedral 1619/1620. 9. RUDOLF (Wolfenbüttel 15 Jun 1602-Tübingen 13 Jun 1616, bur Tübingen Stiftskirche). Bishop of Halberstadt 1615. 10. HEINRICH KARL (Hessen 7 Sep 1609-Helmstedt 11 Jun 1615, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). 11. ANNA AUGUSTA (Wolfenbüttel 19 May 1612-Dillenburg 17/27 Feb 1673, bur Dillenburg Stadtkirche). m (Coppenbrügge 8/18 Apr 1638) GEORG LUDWIG Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg, son of LUDWIG HEINRICH Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg [later Fürst von Nassau, Dillenburg, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez] & his first wife Katharina Gräfin von Sayn-Wittgenstein (Beilstein 4/14 Mar 1618-Dillenburg 19 May 1656, bur Dillenburg).
G. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-LÜNEBURG in DANNENBERG
HEINRICH von Braunschweig, son of ERNST "der Bekenner" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg & his wife Sophie von Mecklenburg (Celle 4 Jun 1533-Dannenberg 19 Jan 1598, bur Dannenberg St Johannes). He succeeded his father in 1546 as HEINRICH "der Jüngere" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his three brothers under a regency until 1555, when the government of Lüneburg was granted solely to his older brother Franz Otto. He succeeded his brother in 1559 as joint Herzog with his brother Wilhelm. He renounced his rights to the family's territories 13 Sep 1569, in return for receiving the town and castle of Dannenberg and the convent of Scharnebeck, whereupon he became Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Dannenberg. By agreement with his nephew Ernst II in 1592, he acquired the towns of Hitzacker, Lüchow and Warpke. m (1569) URSULA von Sachsen-Lauenburg, daughter of FRANZ I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Sibylle von Sachsen (Lauenburg [1552/53]-Schernebeck 12 Oct 1620, bur Dannenberg St Johannis). Heinrich & his wife had seven children: 1. JULIUS ERNST (Dannenberg 10 Mar 1571-Dannenberg 26 Oct 1636, bur Dannenberg St Johannes). Canon at Köln cathedral 1583. He succeeded his father in 1598 as JULIUS ERNST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Dannenberg. He renounced his rights over the Herzogtum Grubenhagen (granted to his family by Imperial Decree 1617), in favour of his cousin Christian Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in return for receiving one-third of the revenues from the duchy and the castle of Wustrow. He inherited the Herzogtum Wolfenbüttel on the death of his distant cousin Friedrich Ulrich in 1634, but renounced his rights in favour of his younger brother August. m firstly (Dannenberg 25 Apr 1613) MARIE Gräfin von Ostfriesland, daughter of EDZARD II Graf von Ostfriesland & his wife Katharina Pss of Sweden (25 Apr 1582-Dannenberg 9 Jul 1616, bur Dannenberg St Johannes). m secondly (Dannenberg 23 Nov 1617) SIBYLLE Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, daughter of WILHELM "dem Jüngeren" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg & his wife Dorothea Pss of Denmark (Medingen 3 Jun 1584-Heringen 5 Aug 1652, bur Frankenhausen). Julius Ernst & his first wife had three children: a) child stillborn (1613). b) SIEGMUND HEINRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Dannenberg (Dannenberg 30 Aug 1614-Dannenberg 1 Nov 1614, bur Dannenberg St Johannes). c) MARIA KATHARINA Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Dannenberg (Dannenberg 10 Jun 1616-Grabow 1 Jul 1665, bur Grabow). m (Schwerin 15 Feb 1635) as his second wife, ADOLF FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, son of JOHANN VII Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin & his wife Sophie von Holstein-Gottorp (Schwerin 15 Dec 1588-Schwerin 27 Feb 1658, bur Doberan). Julius Ernst & his second wife had two children: d) AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Dannenberg (b and d 1619, bur Dannenberg). e) ANNA MARIE Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Dannenberg (b and d 1622, bur Dannenberg). 2. FRANZ (Dannenberg 6 Jun 1572-drowned in the Rench near Renchenloch 24 Dec 1601, bur Strasbourg Münster). Canon at Köln cathedral 1582/1601. Canon at Strasbourg cathedral 1585/1601. 3. ANNA SOPHIE (14 Aug 1573-24 Mar 1574, bur Dannenberg). 4. HEINRICH (25 Oct 1574-17 Jul 1575, bur Dannenberg). 5. SIBYLLE ELISABETH (Dannenberg 4 Jun 1576-[Delmenhorst] 9 Jul 1630, bur Delmenhorst). m (Scharnebeck 31 Aug 1600) ANTON II Graf von Oldenburg, son of ANTON I Graf von Oldenburg und Delmenhorst & his wife Sophie von Sachsen-Lauenburg (8 Sep 1550-25 Oct 1619, bur Delmenhorst). 6. SIDONIE (Dannenberg 10 Oct 1577-Lüchow 4 Jan 1645, bur Dannenberg). 7. AUGUST (Dannenberg 10 Apr 1579-Wolfenbüttel 17 Sep 1666, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). He succeeded in 1635 as AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. - HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL.
H. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG-LÜNEBURG in WOLFENBÜTTEL
AUGUST von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, son of HEINRICH "der Jüngere" Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Dannenberg & his wife Ursula von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Dannenberg 10 Apr 1579-Wolfenbüttel 17 Sep 1666, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). Canon at Strasbourg cathedral 1593. In return for having renounced his rights to inherit his father's territories, his brother granted him the town of Hitzacker, whereupon he became Herzog von Braunschweig-Hitzacker. He succeeded in 1635 as AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel, following the renunciation of his older brother Julius Ernst to the inheritance of their distant cousin Friedrich Ulrich last Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. However, he only entered Wolfenbüttel (which replaced Hitzacker as his residence) after a ten-year period of Imperial occupation ended 13 Sep 1643. He succeeded his brother in 1636 in Dannenberg. Family quarrels over the inheritance of the possessions of the line of Braunschweig-Harburg (extinct 1642), especially their part of the revenue from the mines of Harz, were settled 17 May 1651 with Herzog August receiving the Grafschaften Blankenburg and Regenstein, as well as increasing his share of mining revenues to three-sevenths. m firstly (Strelitz 13 Dec 1607) as her second husband, KLARA MARIE Pss von Pommern, widow of SIGISMUND AUGUST Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, daughter of BOGISLAW XIII Duke of Pomerania in Barth & his first wife Klara von Braunschweig-Gifhorn (Franzburg 10 Jul 1574-Hitzacker 19 Feb 1623, bur Dannenberg Hofkirche). m secondly (Zerbst 26 Oct 1623) DOROTHEA Pss von Anhalt-Zerbst, daughter of RUDOLF Fürst von Anhalt-Zerbst & his first wife Dorothea Hedwig Herzogin von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Zerbst 25 Sep 1607-Hitzacker 26 Sep 1634, bur Dannenberg). She died in childbirth. m thirdly (Güstrow 13/23 Jul 1635) SOPHIE ELISABETH Herzogin von Mecklenburg-Güstrow, daughter of JOHANN ALBRECHT II Herzog von Mecklenburg-Güstrow & his first wife Margarete Elisabeth von Mecklenburg (Güstrow 20/30 Aug 1613-Schloß Lüchow 12/22 Jul 1676, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). August & his first wife had two children: 1. daughter stillborn (Scharnebeck 17 Apr 1609). 2. child stillborn (Hitzacker 10 May 1610). August & his second wife had seven children: 3. HEINRICH AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Hitzacker (Hitzacker 28 Apr 1625-Hitzacker 30 Sep 1627, bur Dannenberg St Johannes). 4. RUDOLF AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Hitzacker (Hitzacker 16 May 1627-Hedwigsburg 26 Jan 1704, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel from 1635. He succeeded his father in 1666 as RUDOLF AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel. He acquired the town of Braunschweig and the abbey of Walkenried from Georg Wilhelm Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in 1671, in exchange for ceding Dannenberg, Hitzacker, Lüchow, Wustrow and Scharnebeck. He lost the Grafschaft Regenstein to Brandenburg in 1671. m firstly (Wolfenbüttel Hauptkirche 10 Nov 1650) CHRISTIANE ELISABETH Gräfin von Barby-Mühlingen, daughter of ALBRECHT FRIEDRICH Graf von Barby-Mühlingen & his wife Ursula Gräfin von Oldenburg (Groß-Rosenburg 6 Oct 1634-Sondershausen 2 May 1681, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). m secondly (Hedwigsburg 7 Jun 1681) ROSINE ELISABETH Mente, daughter of FRANZ JOACHIM Menthe [surgeon in Minden] & his wife --- (17 May 1663-Braunschweig, Grauer Hof 20 May 1701, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). She was known as "Madame Rudolphine". Rudolf August & his first wife had four children: a) DOROTHEA Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 17 Jan 1653-Plön 21 Mar 1722). She retired to Reinfeld after her husband died. m (Wolfenbüttel 2/12 Apr 1673) JOHANN ADOLF Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön, son of JOHANN ERNST Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön & his wife Dorothea Auguste Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (Ahrensbök 8 Apr 1634-Ruhleben bei Plön 2 Jul 1704, bur Plön). b) CHRISTINE SOPHIE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 4 Apr 1654-Langeleben am Elm 5 Feb 1695, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). Abbess of Gandersheim 1678-1681. m ([Wolfenbüttel] 29 Jun 1681) as his first wife, her first cousin, AUGUST WILHELM Erbherzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, son of ANTON ULRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his wife Elisabeth Juliane Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Norburg (Wolfenbüttel 8 Mar 1662-Wolfenbüttel 23 Mar 1731, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). He succeeded in 1714 as AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. c) ELEONORE SOPHIE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 5 Aug 1655-Wolfenbüttel 7 Jan 1656, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). d) son stillborn. 5. SIBYLLE URSULA Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Hitzacker (Hitzacker 4 Dec 1629-Glücksburg 12 Dec 1671). Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel from 1635. m (Wolfenbüttel 20 Sep 1663) as his first wife, CHRISTIAN Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, son of PHILIPP Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg & his wife Sophie Hedwig Herzogin von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Glücksburg 19 Jun 1627-Glücksburg 17 Nov 1698, bur Munkbarup). 6. daughter (b and d Hitzacker 26 Apr 1631). 7. KLARA AUGUSTA Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Hitzacker (Hitzacker 25 Jun 1632-Weissenhof bei Weinsberg 6 Oct 1700, bur Neuenstadt-am-Kocher). Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel from 1635. m (Wolfenbüttel 7 Jun 1653 and Neuenstadt 27 Aug 1653) FRIEDRICH Herzog von Württemberg-Neuenstadt, son of JOHANN FRIEDRICH Herzog von Württemberg & his wife Barbara Sophie Markgräfin von Brandenburg (Stuttgart 19 Dec 1615-Neuenstadt-am-Kocher 24 Mar 1682, bur Neuenstadt). 8. ANTON ULRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Hitzacker (Hitzacker 4 Oct 1633-Salzdahlum 27 Mar 1714, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel from 1635. He was named co-regent in Wolfenbüttel in 1685 by his brother, but was deprived of this title and function by the Emperor 18 Feb 1702. He succeeded his brother in 1704 as ANTON ULRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel. - see below. 9. child (b and d Hitzacker 26 Sep 1634). August & his third wife had three children: 10. FERDINAND ALBRECHT Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel (Braunschweig 22 May 1636-Bevern 23 Apr 1687, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). His brother ceded him the castle of Bevern by contract 23 May 1667, whereupon he became FERDINAND ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Bevern. - see below. 11. MARIE ELISABETH Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel (Braunschweig 7 Jan 1638-Coburg 15 Feb 1687, bur Coburg St Moritz). m firstly (Wolfenbüttel 18 Jan 1663) ADOLF WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach, son of WILHELM "der Grosse" Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar & his wife Eleonore Dorothea Pss von Anhalt-Dessau (Weimar 14 May 1632-Eisenach 22 Nov 1668, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche). m secondly (Gotha 18 Jul 1676) as his first wife, ALBRECHT Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg, son of ERNST I "der Fromme" joint Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha & his wife Elisabeth Sophie Herzogin von Sachsen-Altenburg (Gotha 24 May 1648-Coburg 6 Aug 1699, bur Coburg Moritzkirche). 12. CHRISTIAN FRANZ Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel (Braunschweig 1 Aug 1639-Braunschweig 8 Dec 1639, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae).
ANTON ULRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Hitzacker, son of AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel & his second wife Dorothea Pss von Anhalt-Zerbst (Hitzacker 4 Oct 1633-Salzdahlum 27 Mar 1714, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel from 1635. He was named co-regent in Wolfenbüttel in 1685 by his brother, but was deprived of this title and function by the Emperor 18 Feb 1702. He succeeded his brother in 1704 as ANTON ULRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel. m (Wolfenbüttel 7/17 Aug 1656) ELISABETH JULIANA Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Norburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Norburg & his second wife Eleonore Pss von Anhalt-Zerbst (Norburg 24 May 1634-[Salzdahlum] 4 Feb 1704, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). Anton Ulrich & his wife had thirteen children: 1. AUGUST FRIEDRICH Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 24 Aug 1657-Speyer 22 Aug 1676, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). He was mortally wounded at the siege of Philippsburg 9 Aug 1676. Betrothed (20 Dec 1675) to SOPHIE DOROTHEA von Harburg Gräfin von Wilhelmsburg [later Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle], daughter of GEORG WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle & his wife Eléonore Desmier d’Olbreuse (Celle 10 Sep 1666-Ahlden 13 Nov 1726, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). 2. ELISABETH ELEONORE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 30 Sep/9 Oct 1658-Meiningen 15/25 Mar 1729, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). m firstly (Wolfenbüttel 2 Feb 1675) JOHANN GEORG Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, son of ADOLF FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin & his first wife Anna Marie Gräfin von Ostfriesland (Lichtenburg Saxony 5/15 May 1629-Mirow 9/19 Jul 1675, bur Mirow). m secondly (Schöningen 25 Jan 1681) as his second wife, BERNHARD I Herzog von Sachsen-Meiningen, son of ERNST I "der Fromme" joint Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha & his wife Elisabeth Sophie Herzogin von Sachsen-Altenburg (Gotha 10 Sep 1649-Meiningen 27 Apr 1706, bur Meiningen Schloßkirche). 3. ANNA SOPHIE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 29 Oct 1659-Wolfenbüttel 28 Jun 1742, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). She lived at Schöningen in Braunschweig after her husband died. m (Wolfenbüttel 20 Sep 1677) KARL GUSTAV Markgraf von Baden-Durlach, son of FRIEDRICH VI Markgraf von Baden-Durlach & his wife Christine Magdalene Pfalzgräfin von Zweibrücken zu Kleeburg (Ueckermünde 17/27 Sep 1645-Pforzheim 24 Oct 1703). 4. LEOPOLD AUGUST Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 27 Feb 1661-Wolfenbüttel 5 Mar 1662, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). 5. AUGUST WILHELM Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 8 Mar 1662-Wolfenbüttel 23 Mar 1731, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). Canon at Strasbourg cathedral. He succeeded his father in 1714 as AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel. m firstly ([Wolfenbüttel] 29 Jun 1681) his first cousin, CHRISTINE SOPHIE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, daughter of RUDOLF AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his first wife Christiane Elisabeth Gräfin von Barby-Mühlingen (Wolfenbüttel 4 Apr 1654-Langeleben am Elm 5 Feb 1695, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). m secondly (Schloß Gottorp 7 Jul 1695) SOPHIE AMALIE Herzogin von Holstein-Gottorp, daughter of CHRISTIAN ALBRECHT Herzog von Holstein-Gottorp & his wife Frederikke Amalia Pss of Denmark (Gottorf 19 Jan 1670-Hannover 27 Feb 1710, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). She died of smallpox[428]. m thirdly (Ahrensbök, Schleswig-Holstein 12 Sep 1710) as her second husband, ELISABETH SOPHIE MARIE Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg, widow of ADOLF AUGUST Erbherzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön, daughter of RUDOLF FRIEDRICH Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg & his wife Bibiana Gräfin von Promnitz (Wolfenbüttel 2/12 Sep 1683-Braunschweig 3 Apr 1767, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). 6. AUGUST HEINRICH Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 14 Aug 1663-Wolfenbüttel 24 Feb 1664, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). 7. AUGUST KARL Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 4 Aug 1664-Wolfenbüttel 21 Dec 1664, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). 8. AUGUST FRANZ Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 7 Oct 1665-Wolfenbüttel 14 Dec 1666, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). 9. AUGUSTE DOROTHEA Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 16 Dec 1666-Schloß Augustenburg near Arnstadt 11 Jul 1751, bur Erfurt Ursulinen-Klosterkirche). m (Wolfenbüttel 7 Aug 1684) ANTON GÜNTHER II Graf von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen in Arnstadt, son of --- (-Arnstadt 20 Dec 1716). He was created Fürst von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen in 1697. 10. AMALIE ANTONIE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 7 Jun 1668-Wolfenbüttel 1 Nov 1668, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). 11. HENRIETTE CHRISTINE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 19 Sep 1669-Roermond 20 Feb 1753, bur Roermond Jesuit church). Abbess of Gandersheim 12 Apr 1694-27 Jul 1712, resigned. She converted to Catholicism 10 Aug 1712, after which she lived at the Ursuline convent of Roermond, Netherlands. 12. LUDWIG RUDOLF Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 22 Jul 1671-Braunschweig 1 Mar 1735, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Canon at Strasbourg cathedral. He was awarded the expectation of the County of Blankenburg (which was elevated to a principality [Fürstentum] by Imperial order 1 May 1707) by family contract 30 Jan 1690. He succeeded on the death of his father in 1714 as Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in Blankenburg. He succeeded his brother in 1731 as LUDWIG RUDOLF Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel. m (Aurich 22 Apr 1690) CHRISTINE LUISE Pss von Oettingen, daughter of ALBRECHT ERNST I Fürst von Oettingen & his first wife Christine Friederike Herzogin von Württemberg (Oettingen 20 Mar 1671-Blankenburg 12 Nov 1747, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Ludwig Rudolf & his wife had four children: a) ELISABETH CHRISTINE Juliane Pss von Braunschweig-Blankenburg (Braunschweig 28 Aug 1691-Vienna 21 Dec 1750, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft). She converted to Catholicism 1 May 1707 at Bamberg. m (Vienna Maria Hietzing Kirche 23 Apr 1708, Barcelona 1 Aug 1708) KARL Archduke of Austria [CARLOS III King of Spain], son of Emperor LEOPOLD I Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary & his third wife Eleonore Magdalene Therese Pss von Pfalz-Neuburg (-Vienna 20 Oct 1740, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft). He was elected Emperor KARL VI at Frankfurt-am-Main 12 Dec 1711, crowned 22 Dec 1711 at Frankfurt-am-Main. b) CHARLOTTE AUGUSTE Pss von Braunschweig-Blankenburg (Wolfenbüttel 23 Jul 1692-Wolfenbüttel 6 Aug 1692). c) CHARLOTTE CHRISTINE SOPHIE Pss von Braunschweig-Blankenburg (Wolfenbüttel 29 Aug 1694-St Petersburg 21 Oct 1715/1 Nov 1715). m (Torgau, Saxony 25 Oct 1711) ALEXEI Petrovich Tsarevich of Russia, son of PETER I Tsar of Russia & his first wife Evdokia Feodorovna Lopukhina (Moscow 28 Feb 1690-murdered St Petersburg 7 Jul 1718). d) ANTOINETTE AMALIE Pss von Braunschweig-Blankenburg (Wolfenbüttel 14 Apr 1696-Braunschweig 6 Mar 1762, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). m (Braunschweig 15 Oct 1712) FERDINAND ALBRECHT II Herzog von Braunschweig-Bevern, son of FERDINAND ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Bevern & his wife Christine Landgräfin von Hessen-Eschwege (Bevern 29 May 1680-Salzdahlum 3 Sep 1735, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). He succeeded in 1735 as FERDINAND ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. 13. SIBYLLE URSULA [Sibylle Auguste] Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 11 Sep 1672-Wolfenbüttel 4 Apr 1673, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae). She was called Sibylle Ursula in the baptismal register of Wolfenbüttel Hauptkirche, but Sibylle Auguste in the notification of her death[429].
FERDINAND ALBRECHT Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel, son of AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel & his third wife Sophie Elisabeth von Mecklenburg-Güstrow (Braunschweig 22 May 1636-Bevern 23 Apr 1687, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). His brother ceded him the castle of Bevern by contract 23 May 1667, whereupon he became FERDINAND ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Bevern. m (Eschwege 25 Nov 1667) CHRISTINE Landgräfin von Hessen-Eschwege, daughter of FRIEDRICH Landgraf von Hessen-Eschwege und Wanfried & his wife Eleonore Katharina Pfalzgräfin von Zweibrücken-Kleeburg (Kassel 30 Oct 1648-Bevern 18 Mar 1702, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Ferdinand Albrecht & his wife had nine children: 1. LEOPOLD KARL Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bevern 30 Jan 1670-Bevern 4 Mar 1670, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). 2. FRIEDRICH ALBRECHT Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Eschwege 5 Jan 1672-Bevern 27 Jan 1673, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). 3. SOPHIE ELEONORE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Osterholz 5 Mar 1674-Gandersheim from smallpox 14 Jan 1711, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Canoness at Gandersheim 1694. 4. KLAUDIA ELEONORE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Eschwege 29 Nov 1675-Bleckenrode im Eichsfeld, near Worbis 30 Jul 1676, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). 5. AUGUST FERDINAND Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bevern 29 Dec 1677-killed in battle Schellenberg near Donauwörth 2 Jul 1704, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). He succeeded his father in 1687 as AUGUST FERDINAND Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Bevern. Canon at Braunschweig cathedral. Canon at Strasbourg cathedral. 6. FERDINAND ALBRECHT Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bevern 29 May 1680-Salzdahlum 3 Sep 1735, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Provost of St Blasius and St Cyriacus at Braunschweig. He succeeded his brother in 1704 as FERDINAND ALBRECHT II Herzog von Braunschweig-Bevern. General Field-Marshal in the Imperial army 1716. Governor of Komorn. He succeeded in 1735 as FERDINAND ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. - see below. 7. FERDINAND CHRISTIAN Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Osterholz 4 Mar 1682-Braunschweig 12 Dec 1706). Twin with his brother Ernst Ferdinand. Provost of St Blasius and St Cyriacus at Braunschweig. 8. ERNST FERDINAND Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Osterholz 4 Mar 1682-Braunschweig 14 Apr 1746, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Twin with his brother Ferdinand Christian. Provost of St Blasius and St Cyriacus at Braunschweig, after the death of his twin brother. He succeeded in 1735 as ERNST FERDINAND Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Bevern. m (Bayreuth 5 Aug 1714) ELEONORE CHARLOTTE Pss of Courland, daughter of FRIEDRICH KASIMIR Duke of Courland & his first wife Sophie Amalie Gräfin von Nassau-Siegen (Mitau 11 Jun 1686-Bevern 28 Jul 1748, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Ernst Ferdinand & his wife had thirteen children: a) AUGUST WILHELM Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Braunschweig 10 Oct 1715-Stettin 2 Aug 1781, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). He succeeded his father 1746 as AUGUST WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Bevern. Infantry General in the Prussian army. Governor of Stettin. Provost of St Blasius in Braunschweig. b) CHRISTINE SOPHIE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Braunschweig 22 Jan 1717-Schleswig 26 Mar 1779, bur Hohenaspe). m (Braunschweig 20 Dec 1731) FRIEDRICH ERNST Markgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, son of CHRISTIAN HEINRICH Markgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth zu Kulmbach & his wife Sophie Christiane von Wolfstein (Schönberg 15 Dec 1703-Schloß Friedrichsruhe 23 Jun 1762, bur Hohenaspe). c) FRIEDERIKE ALBERTINE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bevern 21 Aug 1719-Steterburg 5 Aug 1772, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Abbess of Steterburg 1765. d) GEORG LUDWIG FRIEDRICH Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bevern 2 Jan 1721-Bernau near Maastricht 6 Sep 1747, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). e) daughter stillborn (Bevern 7 Oct 1721). Twin. f) ERNESTINE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bevern 7 Oct 1721-Bevern 8 Oct 1721, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Twin. g) FRIEDRICH GEORG Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bevern 24 Mar 1723-Bevern 16 Jul 1766, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). h) AMALIE CHRISTINE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bevern 2 Jun 1724-Bevern 25 Jun 1726, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). i) KARL WILHELM Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bevern 27 Jun 1725-Bevern 12 Sep 1725, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). j) FRIEDRICH AUGUST Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bevern 3 Aug 1726-Bevern 30 Mar 1729, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). k) MARIE ANNA Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bevern 3 Apr 1728-Bevern 27 Oct 1754, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). l) FRIEDRICH KARL FERDINAND Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Braunschweig 5 Apr 1729-Glücksburg 27 Apr 1809, bur Glücksburg). Provost of St Blasius and St Cyriacus at Braunschweig 1781. He succeeded his brother in 1781 as FRIEDRICH KARL Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Bevern. General Field Marshal in the Danish army. m (Glücksburg 26 Oct 1782) as her second husband, ANNA KAROLINE Pss von Nassau-Saarbrücken, widow of FRIEDRICH HEINRICH WILHELM Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, daughter of WILHELM HEINRICH Fürst von Nassau-Saarbrücken und Ottweiler & his wife Sophie Gräfin von Erbach-Reichenberg (Saarbrücken 31 Dec 1751-Glücksburg 12 Apr 1824, bur Glücksburg Mausoleum). m) JOHANN ANTON Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Braunschweig 16 Feb 1731-16 Jun 1732, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). 9. HEINRICH FERDINAND Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Bremen 12 Apr 1684-killed in battle near Turin 7 Sep 1706, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).
FERDINAND ALBRECHT Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern, son of FERDINAND ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Bevern & his wife Christine Landgräfin von Hessen-Eschwege (Bevern 29 May 1680-Salzdahlum 3 Sep 1735, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Provost of St Blasius and St Cyriacus at Braunschweig. He succeeded his brother in 1704 as FERDINAND ALBRECHT II Herzog von Braunschweig-Bevern. General Field-Marshal in the Imperial army 1716. Governor of Komorn. He succeeded in 1735 as FERDINAND ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. m (Braunschweig 15 Oct 1712) ANTOINETTE AMALIE Pss von Braunschweig-Blankenburg, daughter of LUDWIG RUDOLF Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in Blankenburg [later LUDWIG RUDOLF Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel] & his wife Christine Pss von Oettingen (Wolfenbüttel 14 Apr 1696-Braunschweig 6 Mar 1762, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Ferdinand Albrecht I & his wife had fifteen children: 1. KARL Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Braunschweig 1 Aug 1713-Braunschweig 26 Mar 1780, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. He succeeded his father in 1735 as KARL I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. He transferred his principal residence to Braunschweig in 1753. General of guards in the Imperial army. - see below. 2. ANTON ULRICH Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Braunschweig 28 Aug 1714-Cholmogory 4 May 1774/15 May 1774, bur Cholmogory). Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. Supreme General in the Russian Imperial Army 1740. After his son was deposed, the whole family were interned in the citadel of Riga from Dec 1741 to Jun 1743 and in the fortress of Dünamünde (15 kilometres from Riga) from Jun 1743 to Feb 1744, when they were transferred to Oranienburg (Ranienburg). From the latter, ex-Tsar Ivan was sent to Schlüsselberg, while the other family members went to Cholmogory (50 kilometres from Archangelsk). m (St Petersburg 14 Jul 1739) ANNA Karlovna [née ELISABETH] Herzogin von Mecklenburg, daughter of KARL LEOPOLD Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin & his third wife Ekaterina Ivanovna Grand Pss of Russia (Rostock 18 Dec 1718-Kholmogory in childbirth 18/19 Mar 1746, bur Kholmogory). Grand Duchess and Regent of Russia 1740. She was dispossessed 6 Dec 1741 and banished to Kholmogory with her family. Anton Ulrich & his wife had six children: a) IVAN Antonovich Grand Prince of Russia, Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (St Petersburg 23 Aug 1740-murdered Schlüsselburg 5 Jul/16 Jul 1764). Proclaimed 29 Oct 1740 as IVAN VI Tsar of Russia, under the regency of his mother. He was deposed 5/6 Dec 1741. After being imprisoned with his family, he was sent separately end 1744 to the fortress of Schlüsselberg, 32 kilometres east of St Petersburg, where he remained for the rest of his life. b) EKATERINA Antonovna Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (St Petersburg 26 Jul 1741-Horsens, Jylland, Denmark 21 Apr 1807, bur Horsens Klosterkirche). c) [daughter] stillborn (Riga 15 Oct 1742). d) ELISAVETA Antonovna Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Dünamünde [16 Nov 1743 or 9 Jan 1744]-Horsens, Jylland, Denmark 20 Oct 1782, bur Horsens Klosterkirche). e) PETER Antonovich Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Kholmogory 30 Mar 1745-Horsens, Jylland, Denmark 13 Jan 1798, bur Horsens Klosterkirche). f) ALEXEI Antonovich Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Kholmogory Mar 1746-Horsens, Jylland, Denmark 21 Oct 1787, bur Horsens Klosterkirche). 3. ELISABETH CHRISTINE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Schloß Bevern, Wolfenbüttel 8 Nov 1715-Niederschönhausen, near Berlin 13 Jan 1797, bur Berlin Cathedral). m (Schloß Salzdalum, near Wolfenbüttel 12 Jun 1733) FRIEDRICH Crown Prince of Prussia, son of FRIEDRICH WILHELM I King in Prussia & his wife Sophia Dorothea Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover [later Pss of Great Britain] (Schloß Berlin 24 Jan 1712-Schloß Sans-Souci, near Potsdam 17 Aug 1786, bur 1993 Schloß Sans-Souci). He succeeded in 1740 as FRIEDRICH II King in Prussia, King of Prussia from 1772. 4. LUDWIG ERNST Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Wolfenbüttel 25 Sep 1718-Eisenach 12 May 1788, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. General Field Marshal in the army of the General States (Netherlands). Governor of 's Hertogenbosch, and Colonel of the Foot Guards. He was elected Herzog von Kurland, but never took possession. 5. AUGUST Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Wolfenbüttel 23 Nov 1719-Wolfenbüttel 26 Mar 1720, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). 6. FERDINAND Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Braunschweig 12 Jan 1721-Braunschweig 3 Jul 1792, bur Vechelde, transferred to Braunschweig Cathedral). Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. Dechant at Magdeburg cathedral, resigned. General Field Marshal in the Prussian army. Governor of Magdeburg. He was victorious at the battles of Krefeld and Minden. 7. LUISE AMALIE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Schloß Bevern, Wolfenbüttel 29 Jan 1722-Schloß Berlin 13 Jan 1780, bur Berlin Cathedral). Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. m (Schloß Berlin 6 Jan 1742) AUGUST WILHELM Prince of Prussia, son of FRIEDRICH WILHELM I King of Prussia & his wife Sophia Dorothea Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover [later Pss of Great Britain] (Berlin 9 Aug 1722-Schloß Oranienburg 12 Jun 1758, bur Berlin Cathedral). 8. SOPHIE ANTONIE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Wolfenbüttel 23 Jan 1724-Coburg 17 May 1802, bur Coburg St Moritz). Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. m (Wolfenbüttel 23 Apr 1749) ERNST FRIEDRICH Erbherzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld, son of FRANZ JOSIAS Herzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld & his wife Anna Sophie Pss von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Saalfeld 8 Mar 1724-Coburg 8 Sep 1800, bur Coburg St Moritz). He succeeded his father in 1764 as ERNST FRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld. 9. ALBRECHt Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Wolfenbüttel 4 May 1725-killed in battle near Soor, Prausnitz, Bohemia 30 Sep 1745, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. 10. CHARLOTTE CHRISTINE LUISE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Wolfenbüttel 30 Nov 1726-Braunschweig 20 May 1766, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. Canoness at Quedlinburg 30 May 1761, later deaconess. 11. THERESE NATALIE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Wolfenbüttel 4 Jun 1728-Gandersheim 26 Jun 1778, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. Canoness at Herford 1747. Canoness at Gandersheim 1750. Abbess of Gandersheim 4 Jun 1767. 12. JULIANE MARIE Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Wolfenbüttel 4 Sep 1729-Fredensborg near Copenhagen 10 Oct 1796, bur Roskilde Cathedral). Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. m (by proxy Schloß Salzdahlum 26 Jun 1752, in person Frederiksborg 8 Jul 1752) as his second wife, FREDERIK V King of Denmark, King of Norway, son of CHRISTIAN VI King of Denmark, King of Norway & his wife Sophie Magdalene Markgräfin von Brandenburg-Kulmbach (Copenhagen 31 Mar 1723-Christiansborg Castle 14 Jan 1766, bur Roskilde Cathedral). 13. FRIEDRICH WILHELM Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Wolfenbüttel 17 Jan 1731-Wolfenbüttel 24 Dec 1732, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). 14. FRIEDRICH FRANZ Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern (Wolfenbüttel 8 Jun 1732-killed in battle near Hochkirch 14 Oct 1758, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. Major General in the Prussian army. 15. child stillborn ([Wolfenbüttel] 14 Dec 1733, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).
KARL Prinz von Braunschweig-Bevern, son of FERDINAND ALBRECHT II Herzog von Braunschweig-Bevern [later FERDINAND ALBRECHT I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel] & his wife Antoinette Amalie Pss von Braunschweig-Blankenburg (Braunschweig 1 Aug 1713-Braunschweig 26 Mar 1780, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1735. He succeeded his father in 1735 as KARL I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. He transferred his principal residence to Braunschweig in 1753. General of guards in the Imperial army. m (Berlin 2 Jul 1733) PHILIPPINE CHARLOTTE Pss of Prussia, daughter of FRIEDRICH WILHELM I King of Prussia & his wife Sophia Dorothea Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover [later Pss of Great Britain] (Schloß Berlin 13 Mar 1716-Schloß Braunschweig 17 Feb 1801, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Karl & his wife had thirteen children: 1. KARL WILHELM FERDINAND Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 9 Oct 1735-killed in battle Ottensen near Altona, Holstein 10 Nov 1806, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). He succeeded his father 1780 as KARL WILHELM FERDINAND Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. - see below. 2. GEORG FRANZ Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 26 Sep 1736-Wolfenbüttel 10 Dec 1737, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). 3. SOPHIE KAROLINE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 7 Oct 1737-Erlangen 22 Dec 1817, bur Erlangen Neustädter Kirche). m (Braunschweig 20 Sep 1759) as his second wife, FRIEDRICH Markgraf von Brandenburg in Bayreuth, son of GEORG FRIEDRICH KARL Markgraf von Brandenburg in Bayreuth & his wife Dorothea Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (Weferlingen 10 May 1711-Bayreuth 26 Feb 1763, bur Bayreuth Schloßkirche). 4. CHRISTIAN LUDWIG Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 13 Nov 1738-Wolfenbüttel 12 Apr 1742, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). 5. ANNA AMALIE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 24 Oct 1739-Weimar 10 Apr 1807, bur Weimar St Peter & St Paul). Regent of Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach for her son 1758-1775. m (Braunschweig 16 Mar 1756) ERNST AUGUST II KONSTANTIN Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, son of ERNST AUGUST I Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach & his second wife Sophie Charlotte Albertine Markgräfin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Weimar 2 Jun 1737-Weimar 28 May 1758, bur Weimar Friedhof). 6. FRIEDRICH AUGUST Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 29 Oct 1740-Weimar 8 Oct 1805, bur Weimar St Peter & St Paul). He succeeded his father-in-law in 1792 as Fürst von Oels, becoming Herzog von Braunschweig-Oels. General of Infantry in the Prussian army. Governor of Küstrin. Canon at Lübeck, and provost of Magdeburg cathedral. m (Breslau 6 Sep 1768) FRIEDERIKE Herzogin von Württemberg-Oels, daughter of KARL CHRISTIAN ERDMANN Herzog von Württemberg-Oels & his wife Marie Sophie Wilhelmine Gräfin zu Solms-Laubach (Oels 1 Aug 1751-Berlin 4 Nov 1789, bur 1791 Karlsruhe). 7. ALBRECHT HEINRICH Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 26 Feb 1742-killed in battle Hamm, Grafschaft Mark 8 Aug 1761, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Lieutenant Colonel in the Brunswick army. 8. LUDOVIKA FRIEDERIKE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 18 Dec 1743-Wolfenbüttel 22 Feb 1744, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). 9. WILHELM ADOLF Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 18 May 1745-near Lake Yalpukh, Danube delta 24 Aug 1770, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Major General in the Prussian army. He died in an army camp from a throat and chest infection caught while on campaign against the Turks. 10. ELISABETH Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Schloß Wolfenbüttel 8 Nov 1746-Landhaus Friedrichsgnade, near Stettin 18 Feb 1840, bur 1849 Stettin Schloßkirche). m (Schloß Charlottenburg 14 Jul 1765, divorced 21 Apr 1769) her first cousin, FRIEDRICH WILHELM Prince of Prussia, son of AUGUST WILHELM Prince of Prussia & his wife Luise Pss von Braunschweig-Bevern (Prinzliches Palais, Berlin 25 Sep 1744-Marmorpalais, Potsdam 16 Nov 1797, bur Potsdam Garnisonkirche). He succeeded his uncle in 1786 as FRIEDRICH WILHELM II King of Prussia. 11. FRIEDERIKE WILHELMINE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 8 Apr 1748-Blankenburg 22 Jan 1758, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). 12. AUGUSTE DOROTHEA Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 2 Oct 1749-Gandersheim 10 Mar 1810, bur 1816 Braunschweig Cathedral). Abbess of Gandersheim 3 Aug 1778. General Superior of Quedlinburg 17 Oct 1791. She assisted in the secularisation of the two convents. 13. MAXIMILIAN JULIUS LEOPOLD Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 11 Oct 1752-drowned Frankfurt an der Oder 27 Apr 1785, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Major General in the Prussian army. He drowned while attempting to rescue people caught by the flooding of the River Oder.
KARL WILHELM FERDINAND Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, son of KARL I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his wife Philippine Charlotte Pss of Prussia (Wolfenbüttel 9 Oct 1735-killed in battle Ottensen near Altona, Holstein 10 Nov 1806, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). He succeeded his father 1780 as KARL WILHELM FERDINAND Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. He was blinded at the battle of Jena. m (St James's Palace, London 16 Jan 1764) AUGUSTA Pss Royal of Great Britain, daughter of FREDERICK LOUIS Prince of Wales & his wife Augusta Pss von Sachsen-Gotha (St James's Palace, London 31 Jul 1737-Hanover Square, London 23 Mar 1813, bur St George’s Chapel Windsor). Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand & his wife had seven children: 1. AUGUSTE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Braunschweig 3 Dec 1764-Schloß Lohde, near Revel, Estonia 27 Sep 1788, bur Goldenbeck, Estland). She lived at the court of St Petersburg while her husband served in the Russian Imperial army. Separated from her husband in 1786, she was expelled to Estonia where she was kept a virtual prisoner. Her death there soon afterwards remained a mystery. m (Braunschweig 15 Oct 1780, separated 1786) as his first wife, FRIEDRICH Herzog von Württemberg, son of FRIEDRICH EUGEN Herzog von Württemberg [later FRIEDRICH II EUGEN Herzog von Württemberg] & his wife Friederike Sophie Dorothea Markgräfin von Brandenburg-Schwedt (Treptow an der Rega, Pomerania 6 Nov 1754-Stuttgart 30 Oct 1816, bur Ludwigsburg Schloßkirche). Erbherzog von Württemberg from the accession of his father in 1795. He succeeded his father in 1797 as FRIEDRICH III Herzog von Württemberg. He was proclaimed FRIEDRICH I King of Württemberg in 1806. 2. KARL GEORG AUGUST Erbprinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (London 8 Feb 1766-Antoinettenruh near Wolfenbüttel 20 Sep 1806, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Canon at Magdeburg cathedral. m (The Hague 14 Oct 1790) FREDERIKA LOUISE WILHELMINA Pss of Orange-Nassau, daughter of WILLEM V Prince of Orange-Nassau, Fürst von Nassau-Diez, Stadhouder of the United Provinces & his wife Friederike Sophie Wilhelmine Pss of Prussia (The Hague 28 Nov 1770-the Hague 15 Oct 1819, bur Delft). 3. KAROLINE AMALIE ELISABETH Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Wolfenbüttel 17 May 1768-Brandenburg House, Hammersmith 7 Aug 1821, bur Braunschweig). Her husband tried unsuccessfully to divorce Princess Caroline for adultery in 1820. She was refused admission to the king’s coronation in 1821. m (London 8 Apr 1795) as his second wife, her first cousin, GEORGE Prince of Wales, son of GEORGE III King of Great Britain & his wife Charlotte Pss von Mecklenburg-Strelitz (St James's Palace, London 12 Aug 1762-Windsor Castle 26 Jun 1830, bur St George’s Chapel Windsor). He succeeded his father in 1820 as GEORGE IV King of Great Britain. Regent of the duchy of Brunswick 1815-1823. 4. GEORG WILHELM CHRISTIAN Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Antoinettenruh near Wolfenbüttel 27 Jun 1769-Glücksburg 16 Sep 1811, bur Glücksburg). Erbprinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1806, after the death of his older brother. He renounced his succession rights 27 Oct 1806 at Rostock. 5. AUGUST Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Antoinettenruh near Wolfenbüttel 18 Aug 1770-Braunschweig 18 Dec 1820, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). He renounced his succession rights 27 Oct 1806 at Rostock. Provost of St Blasius at Braunschweig. 6. FRIEDRICH WILHELM Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Braunschweig 9 Oct 1771-killed in battle Quatre-Bras near Nivelle 16 Jun 1815, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). He succeeded his uncle in 1805 as Herzog von Braunschweig-Oels. He succeeded his father in 1806 as FRIEDRICH WILHELM "der Schwarze Herzog" Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. He was deprived of Brunswick which was incorporated into the kingdom of Westphalia under the Treaty of Tilsit 7 Jul 1807. He returned to the duchy 22 Dec 1813 following the French evacuation after the battle of Leipzig. m (Karlsruhe 1 Nov 1802) MARIE Pss von Baden, daughter of KARL LUDWIG Erbmarkgraf von Baden & his wife Friederike Amalie Landgräfin von Hessen-Darmstadt (Karlsruhe 7 Sep 1782-Bruchsal 20 Apr 1808, bur Pforzheim Schloßkirche). She died in childbirth. Friedrich Wilhelm & his wife had three children: a) KARL von Braunschweig (Braunschweig 30 Oct 1804-Geneva 18 Aug 1873, bur Geneva State Cemetery). He succeeded his father in 1815 as KARL II Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel und von Braunschweig-Oels, under a regency until 1823. He ceded the duchy of Oels to his brother 13 Jan 1824. He was declared incapable of reigning by the German Diet in 2 Dec 1830, ceasing to reign 20 Apr 1831. Of eccentric character, he left his fortune to the city of Geneva, ignoring his daughter whom he had formally recognised shortly after her birth. Mistress (1): CHARLOTTE Colville, daughter of --- ([14 May 1807]-India 16 May 1855). Karl II had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1): i) ELISABETH WILHELMINE Gräfin von Colmar (Wendessen 5 Jul 1826-Paris 31 Oct 1880). The prince recognised her as his daughter by letters patent 30 Oct 1826 and created her Gräfin von Colmar. She unsuccessfully contested her father's will in lawsuits which lasted 60 years and continued well after her own death. m (London, Chapel of the French Embassy 10 Jul 1847) PIERRE ANTOINE EUGENE du Collin de Barisien Comte de Civry, son of ---. b) WILHELM von Braunschweig (Braunschweig 25 Apr 1806-Schloß Sibyllenort, Silesia 18 Oct 1884, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). He acquired the duchy of Oels from his brother 13 Jan 1824. He succeeded his brother 20 Apr 1831 as WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Created Knight of the Garter 1831. c) daughter stillborn (Bruchsal 20 Apr 1808). 7. AMALIE CHARLOTTE Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Braunschweig 22 Nov 1772-Braunschweig 2 Apr 1773, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).
I. HERZÖGE von BRAUNSCHWEIG in LÜNEBURG
WILHELM von Braunschweig, son of ERNST "der Bekenner" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg & his wife Sophie von Mecklenburg (4 Jul 1535-Celle 20 Aug 1592, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). He succeeded his father in 1546 as WILHELM joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his three brothers under a regency, until 1555 when the government of Lüneburg was granted solely to his older brother Franz Otto. He succeeded his brother in 1559 as WILHELM "der Junge" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg, jointly with his brother Heinrich. From his brother's renunciation in 1569, he became sole Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg. On the death of his vassal the last Graf von Hoya in 1582, Wilhelm acquired the Niedergrafschaft Hoya. He acquired the Grafschaft Diepholz in 1585. He ruled through a regency from 1582. m (Celle 12 Oct 1561) DOROTHEA Pss of Denmark, daughter of CHRISTIAN III King of Denmark, King of Norway & his wife Dorothea von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Kolding 29 Jun 1546-Winsen an der Lube 6 Jan 1617, bur Celle Franciscan Church). Wilhelm & his wife had fifteen children: 1. SOPHIE (Celle 30 Oct 1563-Nürnberg 14 Jan 1639, bur Nürnberg Lorenzkirche). m (Dresden 3 May 1579) as his second wife, GEORG FRIEDRICH Markgraf von Brandenburg in Ansbach und Bayreuth, son of GEORG "der Fromme" Markgraf von Brandenburg in Ansbach & his third wife Aemilia von Sachsen (Ansbach 5 Apr 1539-6 Apr 1603, bur Ansbach). 2. ERNST (31 Dec 1564-Celle 2 Mar 1611, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). He succeeded his father in 1592 as ERNST II Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg. Canon at Strasbourg cathedral 1593. 3. ELISABETH (19 Nov 1565-Coburg 17 Jul 1621, bur Öhringen Stiftskirche). m (Celle 3 May 1586) FRIEDRICH Graf von Hohenlohe-Langenburg, son of --- (-12 Apr 1590, bur Öhringen Stiftskirche). 4. CHRISTIAN (19 Nov 1566-Celle 8 Nov 1633, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). Bishop of Minden 1599. He succeeded his brother in 1611 as CHRISTIAN Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg. He received the Herzogtum Grubenhagen from Friedrich Ulrich Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in Mar 1617, following an Imperial judgment 28 Jul 1616 confirmed by agreement 23 Feb 1617. Canon at Bremen cathedral 1625. 5. AUGUST (18/19 Nov 1568-Celle 1 Oct 1636, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). Canon at Strasbourg cathedral 1593. Canon at Hildesheim cathedral 1595-1626, resigned. Bishop of Lübeck 1610. He succeeded his brother in 1633 as AUGUST "der Ältere" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg. Under the family agreements 1635/36 which followed the death of Friedrich Ulrich last Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, August acquired the Herzogtum Calenberg, which he ceded 27 Jan 1636 to his youngest brother Georg with the agreement of their other brother Friedrich. Mistress (1): ILSE Schmiedichen, daughter of JOHANN Scmiedlichen & his wife Sophia Hausmann (Fallersleben 1582-Uetze 1650, bur Uetze). August had nine illegitimate children by Mistress (1): a) KATHARINA ELISABETH (-after 1642). m GEORG von Lützow auf Weltzow, son of ---. b) DOROTHEA SOPHIE (-after 1642). m ERNST von Nizen auf Ricklingen und Alvesen, son of ---. c) ANNA MARIE . m (1630) DAVID Heinrichs, son of ---. Süfmeister in Lüneburg. d) KLARA AGNES (-after 1652). m --- Schmiedichen, son of ---. Riding master. e) ILSE LUCIA (-after 1642). m NIKOLAUS Knaust auf Werder, son of ---. f) ERNST von Lüneburg (3 Nov 1614-Celle 26 Mar 1642). Auf Helpe. g) MARGARETA SIBYLLA (6 Nov 1616-Celle 21 Mar 1642). h) GEORG von Lüneburg (1 Aug 1618-21 Mar 1642). Auf Wathlingen. i) FRIEDRICH von Lüneburg (Celle 7 Apr 1621-Wathlingen 27 Mar 1686, bur Uetze). Auf Uetze und Wathlingen. Colonel in the Brunswick-Lüneburg army. m GERTRUD ANNA von Feuerschütz, daughter of GERD DIETRICH Feuerschütz [Lieutenant Colonel] & his wife Sabina von Marrettich a.d.H. Wathlingen (26 Feb 1624-Wathlingen 13 May 1683). - von LÜNEBURG. 6. DOROTHEA (1 Jan 1570-Birkenfeld 15 Aug 1649, bur Meisenheim). m (Celle 23 Feb 1586) KARL I Pfalzgraf von Birkenfeld, son of WOLFGANG Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken & his wife Anna von Hessen (Neuburg 4 Sep 1560-Birkenfeld 16 Dec 1600, bur Meisenheim Stadtkirche). 7. KLARA (Celle 16 Jan 1571-Heringen 18 Jul 1658, bur Frankenhausen St Peter & St Paul). m (Frankenhausen 6 May 1593) WILHELM Graf von Schwarzburg-Blankenburg in Frankenhausen, son of --- (-Straussberg 30 Sep 1597). 8. ANNA URSULA (Celle 22 Mar 1572-Kirchberg 5 Feb 1601, bur Crailsheim St Johannes). 9. MARGARETA (Celle 6 Apr 1573-Celle 7 Aug 1643, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). m (Coburg 16 Sep 1599) as his second wife, JOHANN KASIMIR Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg, son of JOHANN FRIEDRICH II "der Mittlere" Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha & his second wife Elisabeth Pfalzgräfin von Simmern (Gotha 12 Jun 1564-Coburg 16 Jul 1633, bur Coburg St Moritz). 10. FRIEDRICH (Celle 28 Aug 1574-Celle 10 Dec 1648, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). Canon at Bremen cathedral 1602, provost 1603. Provost at Bücken 1604. Canon at Verden cathedral 1619. He succeeded his brother in 1636 as FRIEDRICH Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg. In Harburg 1643. Coadjutor of Lübeck at Ratzeburg 1643. 11. MARIE (21 Oct 1575-Darmstadt 8 Aug 1610, bur Darmstadt Stadtkirche). 12. MAGNUS (Celle 30 Aug 1577-Celle 10 Feb 1632, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). Provost of St Blasius at Braunschweig 1617. 13. GEORG (Celle 17 Feb 1582-Hildesheim 2 Apr 1641, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). According to tradition, his older brothers decided that only one of them should marry and chose Georg, who at the same time received the castle and town of Herzberg. He acquired Calenberg 27 Jan 1636 from his older brother August, following the death of Friedrich Ulrich last Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, whereupon he became Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Calenberg. - see below. 14. JOHANN (Medingen 23 Jun 1583-Celle 27 Nov 1628, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). Canon in Minden. 15. SIBYLLE (Medingen 3 Jun 1584-Heringen 5 Aug 1652, bur Frankenhausen). m (Dannenberg 23 Nov 1617) as his second wife, JULIUS ERNST Herzog von Braunschweig-Dannenberg, son of HEINRICH "der Jüngere" Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Dannenberg & his wife Ursula von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Dannenberg 10 Mar 1571-Dannenberg 26 Oct 1636, bur Dannenberg St Johannes).
GEORG Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, son of WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg & his wife Dorothea Pss of Denmark (Celle 17 Feb 1582-Hildesheim 2 Apr 1641, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). According to tradition, his older brothers decided that only one of them should marry and chose Georg, who at the same time received the castle and town of Herzberg. He acquired Calenberg 27 Jan 1636 from his older brother August, following the death of Friedrich Ulrich last Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, whereupon he became GEORG Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Calenberg. He acquired part of the Grafschaft Schaumburg (the towns of Lauenau, Bokeloh and Mesmerode) on the death of his vassal Graf Otto in 1641 without male heirs. m (Darmstadt 14 Dec 1617) ANNA ELEONORE Landgräfin von Hessen-Darmstadt, daughter of LUDWIG V "der Getreue" Landgraf von Hessen-Darmstadt & his wife Magdalene von Brandenburg (Darmstadt 30 Jul 1601-Schloß Herzberg 6 May 1659, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). Georg & his wife had eight children: 1. MAGDALENA Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (b and d Herzberg 9 Aug 1618, bur Herzberg St Bartholomäus). 2. CHRISTIAN LUDWIG Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Herzberg 25 Feb 1622-near Celle 15 Mar 1665, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). He succeeded his father in 1641 as Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Calenberg, and his uncle in 1648 as CHRISTIAN LUDWIG Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Celle. Family quarrels over the inheritance of the possessions of the line of Braunschweig-Harburg (extinct 1642), especially their part of the revenue from the mines of Harz, were settled 17 May 1651 with Herzog Christian Ludwig receiving the towns of Harburg, Moisburg, and the Obergrafschaft Hoya, as well as a further one-seventh share of mining revenues. m (Celle 9/19 Oct 1653) as her first husband, DOROTHEA Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, daughter of PHILIPP Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg & his wife Sophie Hedwig Herzogin von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Schloß Glücksburg Sep 1636-Karlsbad 6 Aug 1689, bur Berlin Cathedral). She married secondly (Schloß Gröningen, Halberstadt 14/24 Jun 1668) as his second wife, Friedrich Wilhelm "der Grosse" Elector of Brandenburg. 3. GEORG WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Herzberg 26 Jan 1624-Wienhausen 28 Aug 1705, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). His brother ceded Calenberg to him in 1648, whereupon he became Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Calenberg. On the death of his brother Christian Ludwig in 1665, his brother Johann Friedrich seized the duchies of Lüneburg and Grubenhagen, renouncing his rights to the other family possessions in favour of Georg Wilhelm. The quarrel was settled by agreement 12 Sep 1665 under which Georg Wilhelm succeeded as GEORG WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Celle. He acquired Dannenberg, Hitzacker, Lüchow, Wustrow and Scharnebeck from Rudolf August Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in 1671, in exchange for ceding the town of Braunschweig and the abbey of Walkenried. He ceded the major part of the Obergrafschaft Hoya to his nephew Georg Ludwig in 1682. He acquired the duchy of Sachsen-Lauenburg on the death without male issue in 1689 of the last Herzog, Julius Franz. m (contract 22 Aug 1675, Celle 2 Apr 1676) ELEONORE Desmier d'Olbreuse, daughter of ALEXANDRE Desmier Seigneur d'Olbreuse & his first wife Jacquette Poussard de Vandré[430] (Château d'Olbreuse near Usseau sur Mignon, Deux-Sèvres [3 Jan[431] or 7 Jan[432]] 1639-Celle 5 Feb 1722, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). She became Georg Wilhelm's mistress in [1664/65]. A member of the household of Amalie von Hessen-Kassel, wife of Henri Charles de La Trémoïlle Prince de Tarente, Georg Wilhelm first met Eléonore at the court of Hessen[433]. In late 1665, she arrived at the court of Osnabrück where she was known as “Madame d’Harbourg”, while a ducal order dated 15 Nov 1665 guaranteed her dower in case Georg Wilhelm died[434]. In recognition of Georg Wilhelm’s military assistance to the emperor, she was created Gräfin von Wilhelmsburg by Imperial order 22 Jul 1674[435]. Her marriage was celebrated in the face of stiff opposition from Sophie, wife of Georg Wilhelm’s younger brother Ernst August, and made public 24 Apr 1676 when Eleonore was addressed as duchess[436]. Her title was confirmed by family agreement 13 Jul 1680. Georg Wilhelm & his wife had three children: a) SOPHIE DOROTHEA von Harburg (Celle 10 Sep 1666-Ahlden 13 Nov 1726, bur Celle Unsere Liebe Frau). Gräfin von Wilhelmsburg [1675]. She was legitimated by the subsequent marriage of her parents. Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle by family agreement 13 Jul 1680. She bore the title Pss von Ahlden from Feb 1695. Imprisoned in Schloß Ahlden until her death. Betrothed (20 Dec 1675) to AUGUST FRIEDRICH Prinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, son of ANTON ULRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his wife Elisabeth Juliane Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Norburg (Wolfenbüttel 24 Aug 1657-Speyer 22 Aug 1676, bur Wolfenbüttel Beatae Mariae Virginae. m (21 Nov 1682, divorced 28 Dec 1694) her first cousin, GEORG LUDWIG Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover, son of ERNST AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Hannover & Sophie Pfalzgräfin (Osnabrück 28 May 1660-near Osnabrück 11 Jun 1727, bur Schloß Leine bei Hannover transferred to Schloß Herrenhausen after the Second World War). He succeeded in 1698 as Elector of Hannover and Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, and in 1714 as GEORGE I King of Great Britain. b) daughter (b and d 1671). c) daughter (b and d Celle Aug 1676). 4. JOHANN FRIEDRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Herzberg 25 Apr 1625-Augsburg 28 Dec 1679, bur Hannover Schloßkirche). He converted to Catholicism in 1651. On the death of his brother Christian Ludwig in 1665, he seized the duchies of Lüneburg and Grubenhagen, renouncing his rights to the other family possessions in favour of his brother Georg Wilhelm. The quarrel was settled by agreement 12 Sep 1665 under which Johann Friedrich received the duchies of Calenberg, Göttingen and Grubenhagen, which he united into the duchy of Hannover, becoming JOHANN FRIEDRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Hannover. m (by proxy Asnières near Paris 25 Sep 1668, in person Hannover 30 Nov 1668) BENEDIKTE HENRIETTE PHILIPPINE Pfalzgräfin von Simmern, daughter of EDUARD Pfalzgraf von Simmern (Paris 23 Jul 1652-Asnières 12 Aug 1730). Johann Friedrich & his wife had four children: a) ANNA SOPHIE Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover (Hannover 10 Feb 1670-Hannover 24 Mar 1672, bur Hannover Schloßkirche). b) CHARLOTTE FELIZITAS Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover (Hannover (8 Mar 1671-Modena 29 Sep 1710). m (by proxy Hannover 28 Nov 1695, in person Modena 11 Feb 1696) RINALDO III d'Este Duke of Modena, son of FRANCESCO I d'Este Duke of Modena & his third wife Lucrezia Barberini (-Modena 26 Oct 1737). c) HENRIETTE Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover (Hannover 9 Mar 1672-Paris 4 Sep 1737, bur Paris). d) WILHELMINE AMALIE Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover (Hannover 21 Apr 1673-Vienna 10 Apr 1742, bur Vienna Convent of Salesiannerinnen). m (by proxy Modena 15 Jan 1699 in person Vienna 24 Feb 1699) JOSEPH I King of Germany Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary, son of Emperor LEOPOLD I Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary & his third wife Eleonore Magdalene Therese Pss von Pfalz-Neuburg (Vienna 26 Jul 1678-Vienna 17 Apr 1711, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft). Emperor and King of Bohemia 1705. 5. SOPHIE AMALIE Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Herzberg 24 Mar 1628-Copenhagen 20 Feb 1685, bur Roskilde Cathedral). m (Glückstadt, Schloß Glücksburg 1 Oct 1643) FREDERIK Prince of Denmark, son of CHRISTIAN IV King of Denmark, King of Norway & his first wife Anna Katharina Markgräfin von Brandenburg (Schloß Hadersleben 18 Mar 1609-Copenhagen Castle 9 Feb 1670, bur Roskilde Cathedral). Crown Prince of Denmark 1647. He succeeded his father in 1648 as FREDERIK III King of Denmark, King of Norway. 6. ERNST AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Herzberg 20 Nov 1629-Herrenhausen 13 Jan/23 Jan 1698, bur Hannover Schloßkirche). He was designated Bishop of Osnabrück in 1662 on the death of Franz Wilhelm Graf von Wartenberg, in accordance with the terms of the Peace of Westphalia 1648 (under which the House of Brunswick had been given the right to the Bishopric, alternating with a Catholic bishop). He succeeded his brother in 1679 as ERNST AUGUST Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Hannover. He was created Elector of Hannover by Imperial decree 22 Mar 1692. m (Heidelberg 17 Oct 1658) SOPHIE Pfalzgräfin, daughter of FRIEDRICH V ex-Elector Palatine ex-King of Bohemia & his wife Elizabeth Pss of England and Scotland (The Hague 23 Oct 1630-Herrenhausen 8 Jun 1714, bur Hannover Schloßkirche). The British Act of Settlement 1701 provided that, in order to secure the Protestant succession, Sophie and her heirs would inherit the British throne upon the death without issue of King William III and Queen Anne. Mistress (1): CLARA ELISABETH von Meysenbug, wife of FRANZ ERNST Graf von Platen[437], daughter of GEORG PHILIPP von Meysenbug Herr auf Zuschen & his wife Anna Elisabeth von Meysenbug (14 Jan 1648-30 Jan 1700). Ernst August & his wife had seven children: a) GEORG LUDWIG Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Osnabrück 28 May 1660/7 Jun 1660-near Osnabrück 11 Jun 1727/22 Jun 1727, bur Schloß Leine bei Hannover, transferred to Schloß Herrenhausen after the Second World War). Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover 1679. He succeeded his father in 1698 as Elector of Hannover and Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg. He inherited the duchy of Celle from his uncle in 1705. He succeeded his cousin Queen Anne in 1714 as GEORGE I King of Great Britain. He acquired the duchies of Bremen and Verden from Denmark under the Convention of Copenhagen 26 Jun 1715. The territories of the archbishops of Bremen (which did not include the town of Bremen) and Verden had been secularised under the Peace of Westphalia 1648 and transformed into two Duchies under Swedish rule. Denmark had conquered these duchies in 1712. Sweden renounced its claims to Bremen and Verden under the Peace of Stockholm 20 Nov 1719, in return for payment of one million thalers. b) FRIEDRICH AUGUST Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Hanover 4 Oct 1661-killed in battle St George, Transylvania 30 Dec 1690/10 Jan 1691, bur Herzberg St Bartholomäus). Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover 1679. c) son stillborn (Schloß Iburg Apr 1665). Twin. d) son stillborn (Schloß Iburg Apr 1665). Twin. e) MAXIMILIAN WILHELM Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Schloß Iburg 13/14 Dec 1666-Vienna 27 Jul 1726, bur Vienna Jesuitenkirche). Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover 1679. Field Marshal in the Imperial army. f) SOPHIE CHARLOTTE Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Schloß Iburg 10 Oct 1668-Schloß Hannover 1 Feb 1705, bur Berlin Cathedral). Pss von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover 1679. m (Schloß Herrenhausen 28 Sep/8 Oct 1684) as his second wife, FRIEDRICH Kurprinz von Brandenburg, son of FRIEDRICH WILHELM "der Grosse" Elector of Brandenburg and Herzog in Preußen & his first wife Luise Henriette Pss van Oranje, Gräfin von Nassau (Schloß Königsberg 1/11 Jul 1657-Berlin 25 Feb 1713, bur Berlin Cathedral). He succeeded in 1688 as FRIEDRICH I Elector of Brandenburg, and in 1701 as FRIEDRICH I King in Prussia. e) KARL PHILIPP Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Schloß Iburg 13 Oct 1669-killed in battle [near Kasanec (Zanek)] near Priština 1 Jan 1690). Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover 1679. He was killed fighting the Turks, along with his first maternal cousin Raugraf Karl Eduard. f) CHRISTIAN Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Schloß Iburg 29 Sep 1671-drowned in the Danube near Ulm 31 Jul 1702). Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover 1679. He was drowned crossing the Danube after the defeat of the Imperial cavalry at Munderkingen. g) ERNST AUGUST Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Osnabrück 7 Sep 1674/18 Sep 1674-Osnabrück 14 Aug 1728). Prinz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover 1679. President of the Council of Hannover 1714-1728. He was elected Bishop of Osnabrück 4 Dec 1715, installed 11 Mar 1716. Created Duke of York and Albany, Earl of Ulster 5 Jul 1716. Ernst August had [one possible illegitimate child by Mistress (1)]: h) [SOPHIE CHARLOTTE Gräfin von Platen-Hallermund, daughter of [FRANZ ERNST Graf von Platen und Hallermund & his wife Klara Elisabeth von Meyseburg-Züschen] ([1673]-London St James 20 Apr 1725, bur 24 Apr 1725 Westminster Abbey). She was mistress of her possible half-brother Georg Ludwig Elector of Hannover, later George I King of Great Britain. Sophie Charlotte was known popularly as “the Elephant and Castle” after her arrival in England in 1714. She was created Countess of Leinster [Irish peerage] for life 11 Sep 1721, and Baroness of Brentford and Countess of Darlington, also for life, 6 Apr 1722[438]. m (Hannover 1701) JOHANN ADOLF Kielmansegg, son of --- (Schleswig 30 Sep 1668-15 Nov 1717, bur 17 Nov 1717 Westminster St James). He was created Freiherr von Kielmansegg and later Graf von Kielmansegg.] 7. DOROTHEA MAGDALENE Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Herzberg 20 Nov 1629-Herzberg 17 Nov 1630, bur Herzberg St Bartholomäus). 8. ANNA Herzogin von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (20 Nov 1630-13 Nov 1636).
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