From the early 9th century, the territory of the country which is today known as The Netherlands was part of Frisia, which covered the whole coastal area from southern Denmark in the east to Flanders in the west. "Frisia" should be distinguished from "Friesland", which is the current name of the northern province of The Netherlands. "Ostfriesland" refers to a small region in north-west Germany, while "West-Friesland" is applied to the eastern part of the present-day Dutch province of Noord-Holland.

Under the partition of imperial territories agreed at Thionville in 806, Frisia was assigned to Charles, eldest son of Emperor Charles I[1], before reverting to the emperor on his son's early death in 811. After 843, the territory of the future Netherlands became the northernmost part of the kingdom of Lotharingia, created under the treaty of Verdun which finally settled the lengthy disputes between the sons of Emperor Louis I. The county of Holland was the western part of The Netherlands, stretching approximately from the island of Texel in the north to Dordrecht in the south. The county is first referred to by the name "Holland" in a charter dated 1101[2], although the name "Holtlant" (wood-land), referring to a place in the area of Leiden, appears once in a 9th century charter which lists the property of St Maarten's church[3]. The name "Holland" is now frequently used to refer to the whole nation of The Netherlands, but this is incorrect, similar to saying "England" when one wishes to refer to "Great Britain". The present document sets out the dukes and counts of Frisia, the counts of Holland, and the counts of the adjacent counties which were eventually incorporated into The Netherlands.

The earliest recorded duke of Frisia was Radbod. The Continuator of Fredegar states that Radbod was defeated by Pepin "le Gros", maior domus of Austrasia, at Duurstede in [692/97], and that he made a treaty with Ragamfred maior domus of Neustria in [716][4]. The marriage of Radbod's daughter Theodelindis to Grimoald, son of Pepin "le Gros", is recorded in 711 in the Annales Metenses[5]. Frisia marked the northern boundary of the kingdom of Austrasia, although it is unclear how much of the territory was effectively controlled by the Merovingian Frankish kings. The pacification process must have been slow and subject to setbacks. The Continuator of Fredegar records that Grimoald was murdered by a Frisian in 714, and that Charles "Martel" "conquered" (presumably meaning reconquered) the territory in 719[6]. Further revolts in Frisia against the Franks are recorded in the 740s[7]. Reuter suggests that the local Frisian nobility was absorbed only to a limited extent into the Frankish ruling elite, contrasting the situation in Frisia with that of Saxony[8]. Ecclesiastically, Frisia fell within the jurisdiction of the bishopric of Utrecht, whose earliest bishop is recorded in 791[9]. The eastern parts of the bishopric were transferred in the later 8th century to the bishoprics of Osnabrück, Verden and Bremen[10]. Chapter 1 of this document sets out what is known about the early dukes of Frisia and about early Frisian counts who were probably descended from these dukes.

Frisia's marshy terrain made it relatively inaccessible by land. However, it was subject to repeated Viking attacks from the sea from the early 9th century, as reported in numerous contemporary sources. The first such confrontation is recorded in 810 in the Royal Frankish Annals, which report that Godefrid King of the Danes fought the Frisians[11]. The Annales Fuldenses refer to a devastating Viking attack on Dorestad and the island of Walcheren in 837[12]. The Annales Bertiniani record that in 852 "Godefridus, Herioldi Dani filius" raided Frisia and sailed up the Schelde[13]. It is clear that the Vikings did not just see Frisia as an attractive target for raids. The area constituted a convenient staging post from which to launch raids on Frankish territory further to the south. The first Frisian land to be ceded to the Danes was Rüstringen, on the mouth of the river Weser in upper Frisia (north-west Germany), which was granted to Harald King of Denmark in 826. The Annales Fuldenses record the baptism of "Herioldus cum uxore et magna Danorum multitudine" at Mainz[14], an important symbolic gesture in the process of integration. It is clear that the Carolingian Frankish kings of Lotharingia did not relinquish their claim to jurisdiction over Frisia despite Viking encroachment, as shown by the Annales Bertiniani which record that Emperor Lothaire I gave Frisia to his son the future King Lothaire II in 855[15]. The last grant of land to the Viking invaders is recorded in 882, when Emperor Karl III "der Dicke" granted "comitatus et benefice qua Rorich Nordmannus…in Kinnin [Kennemerland]" to Godefrid the Dane, who was baptised and married to Gisela, illegitimate daughter of Lothaire II King of Lotharingia according to the Annales Fuldenses[16]. Godefrid effectively became Duke of Frisia, under imperial suzerainty. After Godefrid was killed in 885, the emperor appointed the Saxon Graf Eberhard as duke and, after Eberhard was murdered in 898, his brother Meginhard was appointed. No later mention of this imperially created Frisian duchy has been found in the primary sources so far consulted and it is assumed that it lapsed as separate counties developed in Frisia. Meginhard is probably identified with the early 9th century Graaf van Hamaland of the same name.

It is likely that descendants of the early Danish invaders settled permanently in Frisia and integrated into the local aristocracy. This is suggested by the wife of Theoderich, Saxon ruler and father of the second wife of Heinrich I King of Germany, being named "Reinhildam, Danorum Fresonumque germine procreatam" in the Vita Mathildis Reginæ[17] (see the document SAXONY, DUKES & ELECTORS). The influence of Saxon nobility extended well into the Frisian counties, as shown by the Vita Domni Deoderici Episcopi Maioris which names "comite Everardo" and his wife Amelrada (who was sister of Mathilde Queen of Germany) as parents of "Deodericum ex pago Saxoniæ Hamalant"[18], the descendants of his supposed brother being counts in the county of Teisterband in the 10th century. The name "Dirk", used by seven counts of Holland, also suggests a Saxon connection in its Latin form "Theodericus", a name which was closely connected with the Saxon paternal ancestors of Heinrich I King of Germany. Other names of 9th and 10th century northern Lotharingian nobility also suggest a Danish origin, notably Reginar (the name of several comtes de Hainaut, see the document HAINAUT).

The early development of the Frisian pagi and counties is obscure. The Divisio Imperii dated [Feb 831] refers to "Frisiæ" as one of the territories assigned to the kingdom of Bavaria, but does not name its component counties[19]. The Divisio Imperii of Jun 839 assigns, among other lands, "ducatum Fresica usque Mosam…comitatum Hamarlant, comitatum Batavorum, comitatum Testrabenticum, Dorestado" to the kingdom of Italy (equivalent to the kingdom which would later be called Lotharingia)[20]. The 839 text implies that the four named counties were vassals of the duchy of Frisia. However, no dukes of Frisia have been identified at that time in the primary sources so far consulted, and few contemporary references have been found to local counts. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatus Testrabant, Batia, Hattuaries, Masau…" to King Ludwig but only refers generally to Ludwig also receiving "de Frisia duas partes de regno, quod Lotharius habuit" without specifying any of Frisia's component counties[21]. After this date, northern Lotharingia remained under East Frankish suzerainty. Although the West Frankish kingdom disputed East Frankish superiority in the whole of Lotharingia, its incursions and temporary acquisitions never reached as far north as The Netherlands.

A detailed study of the pagi located within the territory of what is now The Netherlands was carried out by Van den Bergh in the mid-19th century[22]. His study is extensive but may not be exhaustive: for example, Vanderkindere in his work on the Lotharingian territories names some additional pagi in Frisia, omits some of Van den Bergh's, and amalgamates others[23]. This confusion may be due to the lack of definitive names for the Frisian pagi, as many alternate names for the same areas can be identified in the primary sources. What is clear is that considerable doubt persists about these early medieval territorial divisions in The Netherlands and their precise geographical demarcations. What is probably the earliest extant list of Frisian pagi is contained in the Traditiones Fuldenses which record donations to the monastery, probably dated to the 8th and 9th centuries, of property in Frisia “in pago Wirense [also Wironi]…in pago…Nvira…in pago…Mecinga […Meringa]…in pago Wisaha…in pago Tochingen…in pago Federetgewe…in pago Ostrahe […Ostrache]…in pago Lieron…in pago Emergewe […Emisgowe]…in pago Westrahe […Westeriche]…in pago Kilingo…in pago Tokingen…in pago Hunergewe…in pago Wertingewe…in pago Lacharenorum…in pago Tyesle […Tyelle]…in pago Federgewe…in pago Waldahi…in pago Lieren”[24]. It is not easy to place all these names.

Van den Bergh divides his list of Dutch pagi into three categories: Frisian, Saxon and Frankish. The limited number of surviving primary sources suggests that these influences were not exclusive in the three areas he describes, but the categorisation represents as good a way as any. Van den Bergh further sub-categorises the "Frisian" category of pagi into three groups. The first of these groups lay between the rivers Ems and Lauwers, east of Groningen in the north of The Netherlands. Early descriptions of pagi and counties in this area include Altfrid's Vita S. Liudgeri, which records that "in gente Fresonum ab orientali parte fluminis Labeki" there were five pagi "Hugmerchi, Hunusga, Fivilga, Emisga, Federitga" and one island "Bant"[25]; a document dated 997 which records that Kloster Elten received tribute from four counties "Hunesgo, Fivilgo, Humerche et Emische"[26]; and Adam of Bremen who records that five pagi in Frisia depended from the bishopric of Münster "Hugmerchi, Hunusga, Fivilga, Emisga, Federitga et insula Bant"[27]. Of the different entities named in these sources, Van den Bergh retains four: firstly, Hunsingo, north of Groningen along the North Sea coast between the river Hunse in the west and Fivilgo in the east[28], secondly, Fivilgo, to the east of Hunsingo as far as the river Fivel[29], thirdly, Hugmerchi (Humerche or Humerke, or Humsterland), which lay south of the river Hunse, west of Middagsterland, east of the river Lauwers, marking the border with Oostergo, and north of Drenthe[30], and fourthly, Middagsterland (Midage), bordered to the north and east by Hunsingo and to the south and west by Hugmerchi[31]. Vanderkindere suggests that Baldric Graaf van Drenthe inherited these northern counties of Frisia, which were recorded in 970 in the hands of his future father-in-law Graf Wichmann[32], but no primary source has yet been identified which confirms that this is correct. The charter dated 25 Apr 1057, under which Heinrich IV King of Germany confirmed the grant of "comitatum…in pagis Hunesga et Fiuilga" to the church of Bremen-Hamburg[33], suggests that they later developed under ecclesiastical administration. Vanderkindere supplements Van den Bergh's list of northern Dutch pagi by adding Federgewe, Asterga, Nordendi and Riustri[34], under the original jurisdiction of the dukes of Frisia and all located in the area east of the river Ems in what is today the north-western corner of the German Land of Niedersachsen (where the county of Ostfriesland evolved in the late 14th/early 15th centuries).

Van den Bergh's second group of "Frisian" pagi consists of Oostergo (Ostraga) and Westergo (Westraga), which lay to the west and south-west of Groningen, between the rivers Lauwers and Vlie, in the present-day Dutch province of Friesland. Oostergo, in the eastern half, was west of the river Lauwers, although its southern limits are uncertain[35]. Westergo, covered the western half of this area, reaching the western North Sea coast around Stavoren[36]. The river Burdine separated the two counties. The Annales Metenses record that in 736 the forces of Charles "Martel" arrived "ad Wistriamchi et Wastrachia insulas" and killed "Poponem…ducem illorum" while capturing the castle "super Bordinem…fluvium"[37]. An imperially appointed count Albdag is named in Oostergo in 873: the Annales Xantenses record that "Ruodoldus nepos prædicti tiranni [Ruorich]" devastated "totam Fresiam…in pago Ostachia"[38], the Annals of Fulda adding that, in Jun 873, "Hruodolfus quidam Nordmannus de regio genere" invaded "comitatum…Albdagi, missisque nuntiis"[39]. Counts named Gerhart, Reginbert and Deodradus are recorded as having donated property in Westergo to Fulda[40]. The counties of Oostergo and Westergo were transferred to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 7 Feb 1086[41].

Van den Bergh's third group of "Frisian" pagi lay in the western part of The Netherlands, southwards from the island of Texel (Texla) in the present day Dutch provinces of Nordholland and Utrecht. The island of Texel is named in a charter dated 774 under which "Gerrich et Rutwar" donated property "in loco…Forismarische in Thesla" to Kloster Lorsch[42]. Wieringen or Westfriesland (Wiron, pagus Wironi or Wirensis) was the northern part of the peninsular formed by the province of Nordholland, north of Kennermerland, its main town being Medemblik[43]. It was possibly ruled by Count Ansfrid in the late 10th century, and was referred to in 1064 as comitatus in Westerlingæ when it was donated by Dirk V Count of Holland to the church of Utrecht[44]. Kennermerland (Kinhem), named after the river Kinnem which marked its northern boundary, lay to the south of Wieringen and bordered on Rijnland in the south; its main town was Alkmaar[45]. Moving southwards, the pagus of Rijnland covered the area southwards as far as the Rhine river[46], and Maasland, south of Rijnland as far as the river Maas, its main town being Vlaardingen[47]. To the east of Rijnland, Van den Bergh identifies the small pagus of Germapi, which he says is referred to only in the registers of Utrecht, lying across both banks of the Rhine as far north as Rinesmuthon or Zwammerdam with the town of Breudijk as its westernmost point[48]. The county of Lek en Ijssel lay further east, with Utrecht as its principal city[49]. This is the land between the rivers Lek and Hollandsche Ijssel, between the modern cities of Rotterdam and Gouda[50]. The county of Nifterlake was also located near Utrecht, Fethna being its main centre[51].

Van den Bergh's so-called "Saxon" counties in Frisia are Drenthe, pagus Forestensis, Twenthe, Salland and Hamaland, arranged north to south between the Zuiderzee and the current border between The Netherlands and Germany. The main town of Drenthe (Thrianta), the northernmost of these counties which covered much of the present-day Dutch province of Drenthe, was Groningen located in its northernmost part. "Pago Trenthe…in comitatu Everhardi" is named in a charter dated 944[52]. "Henricus…rex" donated property "in pago Thrient…in comitatu Baldrici" to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 24 Apr 1006[53]. Graf Temmo is named in "comitatus de Trenthe" in 1024[54]. Heinrich IV King of Germany confirmed the grant of Drenthe county ("comitatum de Thrente") to the church of Utrecht by charter dated [Apr 1057][55]. The pagus Forestensis (also known as Agridiocensis or Umbalaha) lay to the west of Drenthe, south of Westergo, with Vollenhove as its main town[56]. The county of Twenthe (Tuvanti) lay south of Drenthe, in the present-day Dutch province of Overijssel, bound on the north by the river Reest, with Hamaland and Zutphen to the south and the area which later developed into the county of Bentheim to the east. Its main town was Goor[57]. "Godescalci comitis Thuente", probably the count of Zutphen of the same name, is named in a charter of bishop Bernulf dated before 1054[58]. The county of Salland lay directly south of the pagus Forestensis, west of Twenthe[59]. Lastly, the county of Hamaland lay south of Twenthe, between Deventer in the north and Elten on the Rhine in the south, bound on the west by the river IJssel[60].

The Frisian counties categorised as "Frankish" by Van den Bergh lay south of Utrecht and the county of Hamaland. The three counties of Flehite, Veluwe and Nardinclant were located north of the river Rhine. Approximately from west to east, Flehite lay east of the county of Niftarlake, around the town of Utrecht[61]. The county of Veluwe (Felua) was east of Flehite along the Grebbe, its main town being Engelanderholt near Loenen[62]. Vanderkindere suggests that Veluwe extended as far north as the Zuiderzee and eastwards to the river IJssel[63]. Veluwe was one of the counties of Baldric, passing after his death to the descendants of Eberhard who was Graaf van Salland and Graaf van Drenthe[64]. By the 13th century, most of the county of Veluwe belonged to the bishopric of Utrecht. The county of Nardinclant was located east of Flehite, west of the towns of Vecht and Loenen, and south of Hamaland[65]. "Otto…imperator augustus" gave property "in territorio Vrek in pago Salo…in comitatu Nerdincklant…in comitatu Hamelant", all held by Wichmann, to Kloster Elten founded by "Wichmannus comes in litore Reni in comitatu Hamelant" by charter dated 29 Jun 968[66].

The four "Frankish" counties of Teisterband, Betuwe, Duffel and Nijmegen lay south of the river Rhine and north of the river Maas. The county of Teisterband stretched from the North Sea coast eastwards to its main town Tiel on the river Waal[67]. "Otto tercius…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "Tiele in comitatu Unrochi comitis et in pago Testerbant…et Nerestein in comitatu Amichonis in pago Nahgowi" to the monks of the Marienkapelle at Aachen by charter dated 6 Feb 1000[68]. Heinrich IV King of Germany confirmed the grant of Teisterband county ("comitatum in Testerbant") to the church of Utrecht by charter dated [Apr 1057][69]. To the east of Teisterband lay the county of Betuwe (Batua), north of the river Waal[70]. A charter dated 897 refers to property "Harawa…in pago Battawi in comitatu Dodonis"[71]. South of the river Waal, lay the county of Duffel (Dubla, also called Tubalgo) east of Rijkswald, in the area in which the town of Kleve later developed[72], now located in Germany. The county of Nijmegen (Niumagen) was centred on the town of the same name in which the imperial palace was located, although it is not known how far outside the town the county spread. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "comitem Lantbertum" was custodian of Nijmegen [in 830][73], presumably a temporary appointment as "comes palatii" of the royal palace at Nijmegen maybe for the period of the emperor's visit. Similarly, "Ansfridus…comes palatii" is named in 868, presumably also referring to a position in the palace of Nijmegen[74]. "Meinardus comes de Niumago" is recorded in 1165, "Herimannus comes de Novimagio" in 1176 and "Alardus comes de Novimagio" in 1196[75]. Vanderkindere adds the county of Hattuaria, between the rivers Maas and Rhine north of Moilla[76], but this falls outside the territory of what is today The Netherlands.

Van den Bergh states that the so-called "Frankish" counties of Holtland, Schouwen, Beveland, Walcheren, Strijen and Taxandrie were located south of the river Maas. He says that the county of Holtland en Forne lay between Merwede and the river Oude Maas, around the town of Dordrecht[77], but as noted above the references to "Holtland" are limited. To the south of Holtland, the island counties of Schouwen (Scaldis)[78], Beveland (Bevelanda)[79], and Walcheren (Walchra) lay off the coast of the present Dutch province of Noord-Brabant[80]. Vanderkindere amalgamates these three counties into pagus Maritima[81], but it is possible that he is extrapolating the existence of this pagus from the reference in the Annales Bertiniani in 837 to "Frisiæ Maritimæque", which from the context of the Annales included at least the island of Walcheren[82]. The Annales Fuldenses name "Eggihardum" as count of Walcheren when recording that he was killed by the Vikings in 837[83], and the Annales Bertiniani that "Gualacras" (Walcheren) was granted to "Herioldo" by Emperor Lothaire in 841[84]. The county of Strijen (Stria) lay further east in what is now the central part of the Dutch province of Noord-Brabant[85]. Further east, the county of Taxandrie (pagus Toxandria), north-west of Masau, lay south of the river Maas in what is now the southern part of the Netherlands, east of the river Schelde and north of the river Dyle in northern Belgium, including land which later developed as the March of Antwerp. To the east, Taxandrie appears to have been bound by the marshes of Peel which marked the border with the county of Masau[86]. Under the division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks "…comitatum Texandrum…" was allocated to King Charles[87]. Completing the picture, the pagus Gasterna was centred on the town of IJzendijke, north of Bruges, in the extreme south-west corner of The Netherlands and may have been part of Flanders[88]. In addition, the land of Waas (Wasia) lay along the river Schelde around the town of Teemsche, east of Gasterna, and included the towns of Axel, Hulst, Assenede and Bouchoute[89].

Let us to turn to the formation and early expansion of the county of Holland as traced through contemporary charters. The first attested reference to a count in the area is the charter dated [4 Aug] 889 under which Arnulf King of Germany granted property "inter Renum et Suithardeshaghe in comitatu ipsius in locis Northa et Osprehtashem" to "comes noster…Gerolfus"[90]. This refers to the area around the town of Tiel in Teisterband and the coastal area around Leiden at the mouth of the river Rhine[91]. Although "Suithardeshaghe" has not been identified, it probably lay between Leiden and Haarlem. Gerulf was one of the two Frisian counts whom Regino records ("Gerolfum et Gardolfum comites Fresorum") as having been sent by Godefrid the Dane Duke of Frisia to Emperor Karl III "der Dicke" in 885[92]. The Annales Vedastini record that Godefrid was subsequently murdered in Herispich (Spijk, near Kleve) by a trick of "Gerulfi, sui fidelis"[93]. A purportedly earlier charter is dated "DCCC[C]LXVIII[I] Id Apr…regnante domno Loth[ario] anno XV", under which "Loth[arius]…rex" granted property "forestum Was[el]a" to "nostro fideli…Theoderico comiti" at the request of "coniunx nostra Hemma regina"[94]. The text of this charter contains contradictions which suggest that it is spurious. "Hemma regina" was the wife of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks, whereas Lothaire II was the king of Lotharingia (whose territory included the Low Countries) who had ruled for fifteen years in 869. The Oorkondenboek van Holland en Zeeland dates this charter to 969, on the assumption that it refers to Count Dirk II, but if that is correct the grantee would have been Emperor Otto I. If the correct date was 869, no other attested reference to a Count Dirk has been found around that time. The issue is further confused by the Annales Egmundani, which state that Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks granted "forestum Aewasda" to "Theodorico comiti Hollandiæ" in 867 at the request of "Hemma regina", and incidentally also confirm that Count Dirk had been granted "Ekmundam…et aliis…inter Forthrepam et Sintherthes" in 863[95]. It is assumed that "forestum Was[el]a" and "forestum Aewasda" refer to Waasland in Flanders, to the south of the county of Holland, although if the charter is genuine this represents the only reference to the counts having extended their jurisdiction this far south.

What appears to be a more reliable charter is dated "XVII Kal Iul…anno XXX regnante domno Karolo rege", under which "Karolus…rex Francorum" granted property "Suuithardeshaga usque Fortrapa et Kinnem" to "fideli nostro…Theoderico" in the presence of "Hagano…comes"[96], the last reference indicating that the grantee must be Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks whose favourite in the early 920s was Count Hagano. The dating of this charter has also been misinterpreted from as early as the mid-14th century, when Beke's Chronologia records that Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks granted "ecclesia Egmondensem et Kinhem a Zuitgerdes-Haga" to "Theodrico fratri Walgeri principis" in 863 at the request of "comitis Haganonis"[97]. These two 869/969 and 863/921 charters have caused considerable problems in past reconstructions of the genealogy of the early counts of Holland, as discussed further below. The next charter which confirms the territories of the county of Holland is dated 25 Aug 985, under which Otto III King of Germany recognised the rights in property "inter duo flumina que vocantur Liora et Hisla" and "in comitatibus Masalant, Kinhem, Texla" of "fideli nostro Theoderico comiti"[98]. The rivers Liora and Hisla are presently known as Lek and Hollandsche Ijssel (between Gouda and Rotterdam). Masalant refers to the area now stretching from the Hook of Holland to where Rotterdam was later built, Kinheim is Kennermerland near Haarlem, and Texla is the island of Texel in the north of Holland. No reference has been found to the counts of Holland being vassals of the dukes of Lower Lotharingia. It is assumed therefore that the emperor was the direct suzerain of the county of Holland, until 1061 when it was annexed by the bishopric of Utrecht, the bishop taking advantage of the minority of Count Dirk V. The transfer of vassalship was confirmed by Heinrich IV King of Germany by charter dated 30 Apr 1064, in which the territory was described as "comitatum omnem in Westflinge et circa horas Reni" which "Theodricus comes habuit"[99]. Beke's Chronologia records "Theodricus Hollandie, Henricus Gelrie, et Theodricus Clivie" as the principal vassals of the bishop of Utrecht in 1156[100].

Chapters 2 to 4 of the present document set out the families of the counts of Holland. The genealogy of the early counts is reconstructed largely from two early-14th century sources, the Annales Egmundani and the Chronologia of Johannes de Beke, corroborated by the necrology of Egmond monastery (also attributed to Beke) as well as a probably spurious charter, dated 1083 but which is more likely dated to [1130], which recites the history of Egmond monastery. These sources all agree that the first count of Holland was Dirk ["Theodericus"] who can be linked, from other primary sources, to the family of the earlier counts of Frisia who are shown in Chapter 1. As mentioned above, the Annales and the Chronologia both claim that Count Dirk was granted land in the Low Countries in the mid-9th century. However, these reported grants present considerable chronological difficulties, given that Count Dirk is also recorded in a charter dated 928 and that the death of his supposed son, Count Dirk II, is recorded in 988. There are two possible solutions to the problem. The simpler and probably correct explanation is that the dates have been misrepresented and that the grants should more accurately be dated to the late 9th or early 10th century. This is supported by the fact that Lothaire II was king of Lotharingia until 869, so that neither King Charles II "le Chauve" nor King Ludwig II "der Deutsche" would have had jurisdiction over the county of Holland at the time. The supposition concerning the misdating of these documents is corroborated by the text of one of the charters which must refer to Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks rather than Charles II "le Chauve". A more complex solution to the problem is that the dates are correct, but that the 863/867 grantee was not Count Dirk I and that the reconstructed genealogy omits one or two generations. The starting point for this latter hypothesis is that "Theodericus comes", recorded in charters dated 981[101] and 985[102], and identified with Count Dirk II whose death is recorded in 988, must have been born in [920/30]. As can be seen in Chapter 2, this estimated birth date range is calculated from the likely birth and marriage dates of Dirk II's known descendants, and appears reasonably robust. If it is correct, Dirk II's father was probably born in [890/900]. It is therefore likely that he was the "Thiedrici comitis" who subscribed the 928 charter[103], and maybe also the "Theodericus comes" who is named in a 916 charter, assuming that he was born in the earlier part of this range[104]. If the 863/867 grantee was in early adult life when he received the grants, he was probably born in [825/40]. If the date is nearer 825, and Count Dirk I's birth nearer 900, the timespan is sufficient to include two intervening generations. If nearer 840, and Count Dirk I's birth is nearer 890, a single intervening generation is indicated. Other sources show that Count Dirk was the son of the Gerulf who was granted land by King Arnulf in 889. If the dates of the 863/867 grants are correct, this would be consistent with the grantee being Gerulf's father, whose name is not otherwise known. A third possible solution is proposed by Europäische Stammtafeln[105] which suggests inserting another Count Dirk ("Count Dietrich I bis") as a possible additional generation between Count Dirk I and Count Dirk II. However, there appears insufficient time for another generation in the first half of the 10th century, assuming that the estimated birth dates of the different counts are correct as proposed above.

There are many other examples of inaccuracies in the primary sources referred to above, in particular Beke's Chronographia. These include the statements that the wife of Count Dirk II was allegedly "…filiam Ludovici regis Francie"[106] which appears chronologically impossible. Also, the comment that the wife of Arnulf Count of Holland was "…filiam Theophani…imperatoris Grecorum et sororum Theophane imperatoris"[107] which is contradicted by other more reliable sources and must be incorrect. Lastly, and most surprisingly, there are errors in the names and marriages of the children of Jan II Count of Holland (Jean II Comte de Hainaut), who were born in the later decades of the 13th century and were therefore still alive when the Chronographia was compiled[108]. These errors do not inspire confidence in this source. However, there are few other surviving primary sources against which the information can be corroborated.

Turning to the other counties in Frisia, their early development is obscure. Chapters 5 to 11 of this document set out the known 9th to 11th century counts in the counties of Betuwe, Drenthe, Hamaland, the group of northern Frisian counties, Oostergo and Westergo, Teisterband, and Walcheren. Insufficient information is known about counts in the other Frisian pagi/counties, named in the earlier part of this Introduction, to justify devoting separate chapters to them. One of the puzzles is whether the counts were counts "of" these counties (implying territorial exclusivity) or counts "in" the counties (implying some form of territorial division within each county). This is particularly relevant as many of the individual counts are recorded with property in more than one county. Research into the early pagi/counties in neighbouring Saxony and Franconia (see GERMAN NOBILITY, SAXONY and FRANCONIA) suggests that there may have been more than one count in the larger counties at any one time. This suggests in turn that the count's personal jurisdiction may have been limited to the area around his castles and that calling the whole regional division a "county", as if it constituted a fully functioning administrative unit, misrepresents the situation. Unfortunately there is insufficient surviving primary source data to provide a definitive answer to this question, but it is undoubtedly one which deserves further research. The dates when these other Frisian counties were incorporated into the county of Holland have not yet been traced, except for Oostergo and Westergo which according to Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium were transferred from the bishopric of Utrecht to the count of Holland in [1126][109]. This transfer was presumably prompted by the family relationship between Count Dirk VI and the emperor, the count's mother being Emperor Lothar's older uterine half-sister.

This document also shows, in Chapter 12, the March of Frisia. This was a short-lived imperial creation designed to provide greater control in times of rebellion and prevent incursions from Frisia into neighbouring Saxony and Franconia. However, little precise information has been found in the primary sources concerning this March and its rulers, as is the case with the equally obscure marches of Antwerp and Valenciennes further to the south. The Graven van Zutphen, which evolved in the early 11th century to the east of the county of Holland, are shown in Chapter 13. Counts in the counties of Taxandrie (later the March of Antwerp), Tubalgo and Hattuaria, which lay mainly in areas outside the territory of the present-day Netherlands, are set out in the document LOWER LOTHARINGIAN NOBILITY. Other counties, such as Gelderland and Kleve, which evolved in the early 12th century in the area which straddles both banks of the river Rhine in the south-eastern part of The Netherlands and western Germany, are shown in the document LOWER RHINE NOBILITY.

I am grateful to Kees Nieuwenhuijsen for his help in identifying, and supplying copies of, sources used in researching the family of the counts of Holland and for reading and correcting an early draft of this Introduction.

Chapter 1. DUKES and COUNTS of the FRISIANS

A. DUKES of the FRISIANS

1. RATBOD (-719[110]). Duke of Frisia. The Continuator of Fredegar records that he was defeated by Pepin "le Gros", maior domus of Austrasia, at Duurstede in [692/97][111]. Bede records that "Pippinum ducem Francorem" expelled "Rathbedo rege" from Frisia and welcomed "Uilbrord presbyteri" to convert the population[112]. The Continuator of Fredegar records that Radbod made a treaty with Ragamfred maior domus of Neustria in [716][113]. The Annales Petaviani record that "Ratbodus" came to Köln in Mar 716[114]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Radbodus rex" died "apud insulam Fostenslandie"[115]. The Annales Petaviani record the death in 719 of "Ratbodus"[116].

a) THEODESINDIS . The Chronicon Moissiacense names "Thudsindam filiam Radbodi ducis" as wife of "Grimaldus"[117]. Her marriage is referred to by the Continuator of Fredegar[118]. Sigeberto's Vita Landiberto episcopi Traiectensis refers to the betrothal of "Grimoaldus" and "Rabbodonis ducis Fresionum…filiæ"[119]. The date of the marriage is provided by the Annales Metenses which record the marriage in 711 of "Grimoaldus" and "filiam Radboldi ducis Frisionum"[120]. m GRIMOALD son of PEPIN [II] maior domus of Austrasia and Neustria & his first wife Plectrudis --- (-murdered Liège Apr 714). His father named him maiordomus in Neustria [695] and in Burgundy [700].

b) [--- . m ---. This descent is specified in the Chronologia Johannes de Beke which records that "dominus Radbodus" was elected Bishop of Utrecht after the death of Bishop Egilbold (see below) and specifies that "Radbodus rex Frisie predictus ipsius matris attavus"[121]. It is not known how accurate this information is, nor whether the descent is through male or female lines.]

i) [--- . m ---.]

(a) [--- . m ---.]

(1) [daughter . As noted below, Gallia Christiana records the election in 847 of [her possible son, see below] “ab Epternacensi abbate Teutgaudus, Hetti nepos...Mediolacensis abbas” as archbishop[122]. The primary source which confirms Archbishop Thetgod’s family relationship with his predecessor has not been identified. If it is correct, one of his parents was Archbishop Hetto’s sibling (see the document TRIER ARCHBISHOPRIC). It should be noted, as shown below, that another source indicates that Günther Archbishop of Köln was the brother Waldrada which, if correct, would mean that Thetgod was also their brother. m ---.] [Five] children:

a. GÜNTHER (-after 871). Archbishop of Köln: the Annales Colonienses Brevissimi record "Guntarius episcopus Coloniæ XII Kal Mai" in 850[123]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "dominus Radbodus" was elected Bishop of Utrecht after the death of Bishop Egilbold and specifies that "Radbodus rex Frisie predictus ipsius matris attavus" and that "Guntarius archiepiscopus Coloniensis eius avunculus"[124]. The Cæsarii Heisterbacensis Catalogus of archbishops of Köln records that the concubine of "Lotharius" was "Waldradam, sororem Guntheri archiepiscopi Coloniensis" and that her brother encouraged Lothaire to leave his legitimate wife for Waldrada, for which he was excommunicated by the Pope[125]. He was deposed in 863 by Pope Nicholas I.

b. HILDUIN (-after 866). The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "Hilduino" was elected Bishop of Cambrai[126] in 863, but his candidature was not accepted and he was expelled in 866[127]. The Annales Bertiniani record that, during the dispute with Rome which followed the divorce of Lothaire II King of Lotharingia, "Guntharius...per Hilduinum fratrem suum clericum" wrote to Rome in 864 and that “suprascriptus...Hilduinus” forcibly entered St Peter´s “cum hominibus Guntharii”, killing one of the guards[128]. The Annales Bertiniani record in 866 that King Lothaire II removed “episcopium Coloniense” from “Hugone” and appointed "Hilduino fratri Guntharii", adding that Hilduin also governed “ecclesia Treverensis”[129].

c. daughter . Her family origin is confirmed by the Kronik van Arent toe Bocop which names "Radeboldus der Vriessen" as ancestor of the mother of "Radeboldus", installed as fourteenth bishop of Utrecht in 901, and "die byscop van Collen" as his mother´s brother[130]. m ---. One child:

(i) RATBOD (-30 Nov 917). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Radeboldus der Vriessen" as ancestor of the mother of "Radeboldus", installed as fourteenth bishop of Utrecht in 901, and "die byscop van Collen" as his mother´s brother[131]. Bishop of Utrecht 901. The Vita Radbodi records that he was "ab…Francorum parentibus…patriam rustice Lomochanum"[132], which Vanderkindere takes to be a reference to the pagus Lommensis, later Namur[133]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "dominus Radbodus" was elected Bishop of Utrecht after the death of Bishop Egilbold and specifies that "Radbodus rex Frisie predictus ipsius matris attavus" and that "Guntarius archiepiscopus Coloniensis eius avunculus"[134]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "917 III Kal Dec" of "sanctus Radbodus 14 episcopus Traiectensis"[135]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Radeboldus" bishop of Utrecht died in 927[136].

d. [WALDRADA (-9 Apr after 868). One manuscript of the Gesta Treverorum names "Waldradam sororem…Guntheri Coloniensis archiepiscopus" when recording her adulterous relationship with King Lothaire II[137]. The Cæsarii Heisterbacensis Catalogus of archbishops of Köln records that the concubine of "Lotharius" was "Waldradam, sororem Guntheri archiepiscopi Coloniensis" and that her brother encouraged Lothaire to leave his legitimate wife for Waldrada, for which he was excommunicated by the Pope[138]. The Annales Novesienses record that “Guntherus episcopus Coloniensis” had “sororem…Vastradam…aliis Waldradam” whom “dux Lotharingiæ Lotharius…superdixit” after her brother approved his divorce from “legitima uxore Tyberga”[139]. According to Baron Ernouf[140], Gunther archbishop of Köln was uncle of Waldrada and Thetgaud archbishop of Trier was her brother, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. The Annales Bertiniani names "Hlotharius Waldradam concubinam" when recording that Lothaire purported to marry her in 862 and crowned her with the support of "Liutfrido avunculo suo et Waltario"[141]. Waldrada was also related to the Etichonen Grafen im Nordgau (ALSACE), as shown by the Vita Sancti Deicoli which names "Waldrada…Heberardo comitis consanguinitatis"[142], but the precise relationship is not known. Folcuin records King Lothaire's excommunication after repudiating his wife for Waldrada[143]. King Lothaire purported to marry Waldrada in [Aug/Sep] 862 and crowned her as Queen, but this was not recognised by the church[144]. She became a nun at Remiremont. Mistress (from [855]) of LOTHAIRE II King of Lotharingia, son of Emperor LOTHAIRE I King of Lotharingia & his wife Ermengarde de Tours (-Piacenza 8 Aug 868).

e. [THETGOD [Teutgaud/Thetgaud] (-29 Sep 868). There are two indications of Thetgod’s family origin. Firstly, Gallia Christiana records the election in 847 of “ab Epternacensi abbate Teutgaudus, Hetti nepos...Mediolacensis abbas” as archbishop[145]. Secondly, according to Baron Ernouf, Gunther archbishop of Köln was uncle of Waldrada and Thetgaud archbishop of Trier was her brother[146]. The primary sources which confirm either of these relationships have not been identified. Archbishop of Trier 847. Regino records the death in 847 of “Hetti Trevirorum episcopus” and the succession of “Thietgaudus”[147]. The Gesta Treverorum records that "Tietgaudus" as successor of "Hetti" in 851, adding that he was led astray ("seductus") by Lothar II King of Lotharingia and Günther Archbishop of Köln and connived in the false accusations against "Tietbergæ uxoris eiusdem Lotharii"[148]. Gallia Christiana records his death in 868[149].]

(2) [--- . m ---, relative of Eberhard [III] Graf im Nordgau, [son/daughter] of ---. The Vita Sancti Deicoli names "Waldrada…Heberardo comitis consanguinitatis" as concubine of Lothaire II King of Lotharingia[150], Waldrada being described in another source as sister of Gunther Archbishop of Köln (see above). The precise relationship with the Alsatian Grafen im Nordgau is unknown. It is provisionally represented here as through the family of the archbishop's mother, whose name and origin are otherwise unknown, but this is solely for the purpose of introducing the hyperlink to the document ALSACE and must not be assumed to be correct.]

(3) [HILDUIN (-after 870). The Annales Xantenses refer to “Guntharius” [archbishop of Köln] as “nepos...Hildiwini iunioris” in 864[151]. It is not known whether the relationship was through the archbishop´s maternal or paternal family. The Annales Xantenses records that Charles II “le Chauve” King of the Franks invaded Aachen, and while “in Pertinaria” and noting that “Guntharium” [archbishop of Köln] had been expelled “de loco suo”, sent “Hilduvinum quendam nepotem eiusdem” to Köln to take the archbishopric in 870, after having him ordained by the bishop of Liège[152]. Regino records that King Charles II proposed “Hilduinum abbatem” as archbishop of Köln and had him ordained “in Aquis palatio” by “Francone episcopo Tungrensis dioceseos”[153]. same person as...? HILDUIN (-Quierzy 7 Jun 877, bur Saint-Bertin). Abbé de Saint-Bertin. Lot suggests that “Pertinaria”, in the 870 passage in the Annales Xantenses, indicates Saint-Bertin and therefore suggests that this co-identity is correct[154]. This hypothesis is supported by Regino´s description of “Hilduinum abbatem”, although he does not specify the location of which he was abbot. The cartulary of Saint-Bertin records that King Charles II “le Chauve” removed "Humfrido" as abbot of Saint-Bertin and in 866 “XIII Kal Jul” appointed in his place “Hilduino canonico”, who had recently become his supporter after defecting from King Lothaire II (“nuper de Lotharii senioratu ad se converso”)[155]. The cartulary of Saint-Bertin records the death in 877 "in Karisiaco regali palatio...VII Id Jun" of “abbate Hilduino”[156].]

2. POPPO (-killed in battle River Bordo 736). Duke of Frisia. The Annales Metenses record that in 736 the forces of Charles "Martel" arrived "ad Wistriamchi et Wastrachia insulas" and killed "Poponem…ducem illorum" while capturing the castle "super Bordinem…fluvium"[157]. m ---. The name of Poppo's wife is not known. Poppo & his wife had one child:

a) ALFBAD (-before 786). Hugo Jaekel names Alfbad as son of Poppo and Graaf van Oostergo en Westergo, dying before 786[158], although the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.

1. WURSINGUS . The Vita Sancti Ludgeri records at the time of "Radbodi regis Fresonum", a nobleman "Wursingus cognomento Ado"[159]. m ADALGARDA, daughter of ---. The Vita Sancti Ludgeri names "Adalgarda" or "Adalburch" the wife of "Wursingus cognomento Ado"[160].

a) NOTGRIM . The Vita Sancti Ludgeri names "Nothgrimo" son of "Wursingus cognomento Ado" & his wife, specifying that he joined "ducem Francorum nomine Grifo"[161]. m ---. The name of Notgrim's wife is not known.

i) daughters . The Vita Sancti Ludgeri records that "Notgrimus" had three daughters (unnamed), specifying that their descendants included "sancto Willibrordo cum sancto Bonifatio" without giving details of these descents[162].

b) THIATGRIM . The Vita Sancti Ludgeri names "Thiatgrimus filius iunior Wursingi"[163]. m LIAFBURCH, daughter of NOTRAD & his wife Adelburga ---. The Vita Sancti Ludgeri names "Liafburch filiam Nothradi et Adelburgæ" wife of "Thiatgrimus filius iunior Wursingi", as well as her brothers "maior Wullibrat, minor Thyatbrat"[164].

i) LIUTGER . The Vita Sancti Ludgeri names "sancto Liutgero filius Thiatgrimus"[165].

ii) [---. m ---.]

(a) GERFRID . The Vita Sancti Ludgeri names "Gerfridus nepos eius [=Liutgeri]" when recording that he succeeded Liutger[166].

1. GODEFRID, son of HARALD "Klak" King of Denmark & his wife --- (-murdered Jun 885). The Annales Bertiniani record that "Godefridus, Herioldi Dani filius", who had been baptised at Mainz during the reign of Emperor Louis, defected from Emperor Lothar in 852, raided Frisia, and sailed up the Scheldt and the Seine[167]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Nordmanni Godafredo duce" sailed up the Seine in 850 and that Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks granted him territory, without specifying where this was[168]. He lost control of Rüstringen in 856. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Roric et Godofridus" returned to Denmark after Emperor Lothaire gave Frisia to his son Lothaire in 855, but recovered most of Frisia at the end of the same year, establishing themselves at Dorestad[169]. Duke [of Frisia] 882. The Annales Fuldenses names "Nortmannorum…cum ipsis regibus…Sigifredo et Godofrido, principis Vurm, Hals" when recording a Viking attack in 882, in another manuscript recording the baptism of "Gotafridum" and that he was given "comitatus et benefice qua Rorich Nordmannus…in Kinnin [Kennemerland]" held from the Frankish kings[170]. The Annales Vedastini record that "Godefridus…rex" was granted land which "olim Roricus Danus tenuerat" in 882[171]. Regino records that "Everhardi comitis" killed "Godefridi" in 885[172]. The Annales Vedastini record that "Godefridus Danus" was killed in the city of "Gerulfi sui fidelis" by "Heinrico duce" in 885[173].

Two brothers:

1. EBERHARD, son of MEGINHARD & his wife Evesa --- (-murdered 898). Regino names "Eberhardus Saxo, filius Meginhardi comitis" when recording his capture in 881[174]. Regino records that "Everhardi comitis" killed "Godefridi" in 885[175]. Regino records that "Everhardi comitis" killed "Godefridi" in 885[176]. Duke [of Frisia] 885. Regino records that "Eworhardus dux, filius Meginhardi" was hunted out and killed in 898 "a Waltgario Fresone, filio Gerulfi" and that the emperor granted "ducatus" to "Meginhardo fratri"[177].

2. MEGINHARD, son of MEGINHARD & his wife Evesa --- . Regino records that "Eworhardus dux, filius Meginhardi" was hunted out and killed in 898 "a Waltgario Fresone, filio Gerulfi" and that the emperor granted "ducatus" to "Meginhardo fratri"[178]. Duke [of Frisia] 898. same person as…? MEGINHARD ([870/80]-[after 938]). No direct proof has yet been found confirming the co-identity of these two individuals but it looks highly probable. A document dated 7 Nov 921 recording a meeting between King Charles III and King Heinrich I names "Evrardus, Chonradus, Herimannus, Hato, Godefredus, Otto, Herimannus, Cobbo, Magenhardus, Fridericus, Foldac" as representatives of the latter[179]. Graaf van Hamaland.

- GRAVEN van HAMALAND.

B. COUNTS of the FRISIANS

Common use of the names Theoderic [Dirk] and Ratbod suggests that the following individuals and small family group were related, but the precise relationship cannot be identified. The name Ratbod also suggests descent from Radbod Duke of Frisia.

1. NORDALAH (-810). Vanderkindere names Nordalah as "comes et advocatus Fresonum", suggests that he was the brother of Theoderic [I] (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY), and adds that he died in 810[180], although the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.

2. THEODERIC [Deodredus/Dirk] (-820 or after). "Deodredus…comes" donated property "hereditatis mee in villa…Antlida…in villa…Federwrt…[et] in villa…Creslinge" to Fulda in [820][181].

3. GEROLF (-after 839). Graaf van Westergo. Emperor Louis I restored property to "Gerulfo fideli suo" by charter dated 839[182]. m ---. The name of Gerolf's wife is not known. Gerolf & his wife had [one] child:

a) [GERHART (-855). Vanderkindere names Gerhart as son of Gerolf and count in Frisia between 834 and 855[183], although the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.] m ---. The name of Gerhart's wife is not known. Gerhart & his wife had [one] child:

i) [WIGGING (-[873]). Vanderkindere names Wigging as son of Gerhart[184], although the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.]

4. RATBOD (-after [870]). A document of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 21 Mar 858 is subscribed by "Hungarius, Engilramnus, Isembardus, Odo, Osbertus, Ratbodus, Hunfridus, Odalricus, Rhodulfus, Engilschalcus, Herluinus, Hitto"[185]. An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[186]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that “Rollo” attacked “Walgrenses...gens barbara”, devastated “in Walgras” allied with “Alstemus rex Anglorum”, and defeated “Rainerium Longi-colli Hasbacensme et Hainaucensem ducem et Radebodum Frisiæ regionis principem” whose help “Walgris” had sought[187], maybe dateable to [870].

5. GEROLF (-after [4 Aug] 889). Count of Frisia. Regino names "Gerolfum et Gardolfum comites Fresorum", sent by "Godefridem" as legates to the emperor after Hugo, son of King Lothar, rebelled in 885[188]. The Annales Vedastini record that "Godefridus Danus" was killed in the city of "Gerulfi sui fidelis" by "Heinrico duce" in 885[189]. "Arnolfus…rex" granted property "inter Renum et Suithardeshaghe in comitatu ipsius in locis Northa et Osprehtashem" to "comes noster…Gerolfus" by charter dated [4 Aug] 889[190]. This is the area around the town of Tiel in Teisterband and the coastal area around Leiden at the mouth of the river Rhine[191]. m ---. The name of Gerolf's wife is not known. Gerolf & his wife had two children:

a) WALTGER (-after 928). Regino names "Ramnulfum et fratrem eius Gozbertum et Ebulonem abbatum de sancto Dionysio" when recording their battle against "Waltgerius comes" in Jul 892[192]. Graaf van Lek en Ijssel: Otto I King of Germany donated property "in pago Lake et Isla quod Waltgerus et postea filius eius Ratbotus" held to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 17 Jul 944[193]. Regino records that "Eworhardus dux, filius Meginhardi" was hunted out and killed in 898 "a Waltgario Fresone, filio Gerulfi" and that the emperor granted "ducatus" to "Meginhardo fratri"[194]. "Chuonradus…rex" confirmed property to the bishopric of Utrecht at the request of "Udonem consanguineum nostrum Vualdgerumque comitum" by charter dated 9 Jul 914[195]. Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks restored Kloster Susteren to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 19 Jan 916 which names "fidelium nostrorum…Theodericus comes…Uualcherus comes"[196]. "Gysalbertus dux rectorque S. Traiectenses ecclesie" donated property "Gulisam…in pago [Ardunensi] in comitatu Everhardi" to Trier by charter dated 928, subscribed by "Walgeri comitis, Thiedrici comitis, Cristiani comitis, Folcoldi comitis"[197]. "Otto…rex" granted property "monasterium in loco Tiela" including rights previously conceded by "Waldgero et a filio eius Radbodone nec non et Hattone" by charter dated 20 Apr 950[198], Tiel being located in the county of Teisterband. "Otto…rex" granted property "villa Amuda quod Waldgero iam olim" held and "terram quam Hatto in loco Eki" to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 21 Apr 953[199]. m ALBERADA, daughter of ---. Alpertus names "quodam comite Waltgero" as founder of "monasterium quoque sanctæ Walburgæ" and "suo coniuge…Alberada"[200]. Waltger & his wife had one child:

i) RATBOD (-[before 17 Jul 944]). Graaf van Lek en Ijssel: Otto I King of Germany donated property "in pago Lake et Isla quod Waltgerus et postea filius eius Ratbotus" held to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 17 Jul 944[201]. This is the land between the rivers Lek and Hollandsche Ijssel, between the modern cities of Rotterdam and Gouda[202]. There is no indication in the charter whether the property in question had lapsed to the crown because Radbod had died without heirs or that it had been confiscated. "Otto…rex" granted property "monasterium in loco Tiela" including rights previously conceded by "Waldgero et a filio eius Radbodone nec non et Hattone" by charter dated 20 Apr 950[203].

ii) [--- . m HATTO, son of --- (-before 20 Apr 950). "Otto…rex" granted property "monasterium in loco Tiela" including rights previously conceded by "Waldgero et a filio eius Radbodone nec non et Hattone" by charter dated 20 Apr 950[204]. "Otto…rex" granted property "villa Amuda quod Waldgero iam olim" held and "terram quam Hatto in loco Eki" to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 21 Apr 953[205]. Both of these charters suggest that Hatto may have been related to Waldger, although it is unlikely that the text of the 950 document should be interpreted as meaning that Hatto was a younger son of Waltger. He is suggested as Waltger's possible son-in-law, but this is pure speculation. No other references have been found to Hatto.]

b) DIRK [Theoderic] (-6 Oct, 928 or after, maybe after 8 Jul 949, bur Egmond). His parentage is deduced from the Chronologia Johannes de Beke which records that Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks granted "ecclesia Egmondensem et Kinhem a Zuitgerdes-Haga" to "Theodrico fratri Walgeri principis" in 863 at the request of "comitis Haganonis"[206], although as explained in the Introduction there are considerable chronological difficulties with this text. The same grant of land is also referred to in a later charter[207], as shown in detail below, but unfortunately the document does not refer to Dirk's family relationship with Waltger. He is known to history as DIRK I Count of Holland, although it is unlikely that he used this territorial epithet at the time.

- see Chapter 2. COUNTS of HOLLAND.

6. [GARDOLF . Regino names "Gerolfum et Gardolfum comites Fresorum", sent by "Godefridem" as legates to the emperor after Hugo, son of King Lothar, rebelled in 885[208]. The relationship, if any, between the two counts Gerolf and Gardolf is not known but it is possible that they were brothers or otherwise closely related. "Otto…imperator augustus" donated property "insule…in Almere Urch…in comitatu Ekberti comitis" previously held by "Gardolfus iam quondam comes" to Kloster St Pantaleon, Köln by undated charter, included in the compilation with other charters dated early 966[209]. Gardolf was presumably the same person as the supposed brother of Gerolf.]

Chapter 2. COUNTS OF HOLLAND [900]-1299

DIRK, son of GEROLF Count [of Frisia] & his wife --- (-6 Oct, 928 or after, maybe after 8 Jul 949, bur Egmond). His parentage is deduced from the Chronologia Johannes de Beke which records that Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks granted "ecclesia Egmondensem et Kinhem a Zuitgerdes-Haga" to "Theodrico fratri Walgeri principis" in 863 at the request of "comitis Haganonis"[210], although as explained in the Introduction to the present document there are considerable chronological difficulties with accepting the dating of this text. The same grant of land is also referred to in the charter dated "XVII Kal Iul…anno XXX regnante domno Karolo rege", under which "Karolus…rex Francorum" granted property "Suuithardeshaga usque Fortrapa et Kinnem" to "fideli nostro…Theoderico" in the presence of "Hagano…comes"[211], which is more credible from a chronological point of view, on the assumption that "Karolus…rex Francorum" is Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks not Charles II "le Chauve". The document makes no reference to Dirk's family relationship with Waltger. The Annales Egmundani state that Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks granted "forestum Aewasda" to "Theodorico comiti Hollandiæ" in 867 at the request of "Hemma regina", and incidentally also confirm that the same Count Dirk had been granted "Ekmundam…et aliis…inter Forthrepam et Sintherthes" in 863[212]. This text is also dubious from a chronological point of view. The corresponding charter is dated "DCCC[C]LXVIII[I] Id Apr…regnante domno Loth[ario] anno XV", under which "Loth[arius]…rex" granted property "forestum Was[el]a" to "nostro fideli…Theoderico comiti" at the request of "coniunx nostra Hemma regina"[213], although the text contains contradictions which suggest that it is spurious. "Hemma regina" was the wife of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks, whereas Lothaire II was the king of Lotharingia (whose territory included the Low Countries) who had ruled for fifteen years in 869. The Oorkondenboek van Holland en Zeeland dates this charter to 969, on the assumption that it refers to Count Dirk II, but if that is correct the grantee would have been Emperor Otto I. On the other hand, if the correct date was 869, the only other reference to a Count Dirk around that time is the dubious reference in Beke's Chronologia. He is known to history as DIRK I Count of Holland, although it is unlikely that he used this territorial epithet at the time. He founded the monastery at Egmond. "Theodericus…Holtlandensis comes…Florentii filius" recites the ownership history of properties claimed by the church of Utrecht in Holland, including the foundation of Egmond church by "Theodericus, frater Waldgeri, cum legitima coniuge sua Geua", by spurious charter dated 26 Jul 1083, probably written in [1130][214]. Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks restored Kloster Susteren to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 19 Jan 916 which names "fidelium nostrorum…Widricus comes palatii, Richuuinus comes, Gislebertus, Matfridus, Beringerius comites, Theodericus comes, Reinherus comes, Erleboldus comes, Uualcherus comes"[215]. "Gysalbertus dux rectorque S. Traiectenses ecclesie" donated property "Gulisam…in pago [Ardunensi] in comitatu Everhardi" to Trier by charter dated 928, subscribed by "Walgeri comitis, Thiedrici comitis, Cristiani comitis, Folcoldi comitis"[216]. Flodoard's Annals record that "Gislebertus…dux et Otho, Isaac atque Theodericus comites" offered the French crown to Louis IV "d'Outremer" King of the West Franks in 939[217]. "Dominus Theodericus comes…cum…coniuge sua…Geva" donated property "in villa Franla…in villa Allecmere…in villa Callinge" to the church of Egmond, and "dominus Theodericus junior filius prefati Theoderici" exchanged property "in orientali parte fluminis…Fle" for property "in villa Nienthorp", by undated charter[218]. "Theoderici" is named in charters dated Dec 941 and 11 Mar 948, and "Teoderici comitis" is named in charters dated 10 Jul [936/41] and 8 Jul 949[219]. It is not known whether these later names refer to Dirk I or Dirk II. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "900 Pridie Non Oct" of "Theodericus primus comes" and his burial at Egmond[220], although the year is inconsistent with the other sources cited above.

m GEVA, daughter of --- (-11 Jan ----, bur Egmond). The Annales Egmundani name "Geva comitissa" as wife of "Theodericus primus comes [Hollandensium]"[221]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke also records that "Theodricus primus Hollandie comes" married "matronam nobilem…Ghevam"[222]. "Dominus Theodericus comes…cum…coniuge sua…Geva" donated property "in villa Franla…in villa Allecmere…in villa Callinge" to the church of Egmond, and "dominus Theodericus junior filius prefati Theoderici" exchanged property "in orientali parte fluminis…Fle" for property "in villa Nienthorp", by undated charter[223]. "Theodericus…Holtlandensis comes…Florentii filius" recites the ownership history of properties claimed by the church of Utrecht in Holland, including the foundation of Egmond church by "Theodericus, frater Waldgeri, cum legitima coniuge sua Geua", by spurious charter dated 26 Jul 1083, probably written in [1130][224]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "III Id Jan" of "Geva prima comitissa uxor Theoderici" and her burial at Egmond[225].

Dirk I & his wife had one child:

1. DIRK ([920/30]-Egmond 6 May 988, bur Egmond). The Annales Egmundani name "Theodericus secundus comes filius Theoderici primi"[226]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Theodricus…secundus Hollandie comes" was the only son of "Theodricus primus Hollandie comes" & his wife[227]. His birth date range is calculated from his own estimated marriage date and the estimated dates of birth of his descendants. "Dominus Theodericus comes…cum…coniuge sua…Geva" donated property "in villa Franla…in villa Allecmere…in villa Callinge" to the church of Egmond, and "dominus Theodericus junior filius prefati Theoderici" exchanged property "in orientali parte fluminis…Fle" for property "in villa Nienthorp", by undated charter[228]. He succeeded his father as DIRK II Count of Holland, although the date is not known. "…Isaac comitis, Arnulfi filii eius, Theoderici comitis…" signed the charter dated 8 Jul 941 under which "Arnulfus…regis…marchysus" restored property to Saint-Pierre de Gand[229], although it is not known whether this charter refers to Count Dirk I or Count Dirk II. "Theoderici comitis" subscribed charters dated 5 May [951/963], 29 Jul [955/64], 18 Oct 962, 28 Mar 967, 13 Apr 969 and 31 Jan 972[230]. "…Baldwini advocati, Theoderici comitis…" signed the charter dated 5 May 962 under which "Arnulfus marchysus" donated property to Saint-Pierre de Gand[231]. According to Nicholas, after the death of Arnoul I Count of Flanders in 964, Count Dirk occupied Gent and Waas, taking advantage of the weakness of the government of the county of Flanders during the minority of Count Arnoul II[232]. However, this may be speculation based on an interpretation of the charter dated "DCCC[C]LXVIII[I] Id Apr…regnante domno Loth[ario] anno XV", under which "Loth[arius]…rex" granted property "forestum Was[el]a" to "nostro fideli…Theoderico comiti" at the request of "coniunx nostra Hemma regina"[233]. As explained above, it is likely that this charter is spurious. On the other hand, the charter dated 28 Mar 965 under which "Theodericus comes et Baldwinus cognomento Baldzo et Ericus et Everwinus" donated property to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "senioris sui Arnulfi defuncti"[234], demonstrates that Count Dirk played an active role in Gand after the death of Count Arnoul I. The charters dated 11 Apr 969 under which "Theodericus comes" donated "sui iuris possessionem…Frilingim in pago Flandrensi" to Saint-Pierre de Gand[235], and 30 Sep 972 under which "Theodericus comes et uxor sua Hildegardis" donated "sui iuris sitam in pago Flandrensi…Clehiham" to Saint-Pierre de Gand[236] show that other parts of Flanders were included in Count Dirk´s area of influence. "Thodericus…comes et Baduuinus et Ericus et Eueruuinus" donated property "sui iuris possessionem…Vualehem…in comitatum Custricense seu Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, in accordance with the wishes of "senioris mei Arnulfi defuncti", by charter dated 28 Mar 964[237]. "Theoderico comite et Arnulfo filio eius, Folberto advocato…Ingelberto advocato…" signed the charter dated 26 Oct 970 under which "Mathelgodus et uxor sua Ingelswindis" donated "hereditatem sue possessionis in loco…Wessingim…Siringim…in pago Bracbantensi" to Saint-Pierre de Gand[238]. "Theodericus comes et uxor sua Hildegardis" donated "in villa Haleftra in pago Mempesco sita" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 2 Oct 974, signed by "Arnulfo juniore marchyso, Ingelberto advocato, Hecberto et Arnulfo filiis ipsius Theoderici…"[239]. Egbert Archbishop of Trier donated property "de beneficio Luthardi comitis…mortuo sine herede" to St Paul at Trier by charter dated 981, subscribed by "Theoderici comitis…"[240]. "Otto…rex" recognised the rights in property "in comitatibus Masalant, Kinhem, Texla" of "fideli nostro Theoderico comiti" by charter dated 25 Aug 985[241]. This refers to the area now known as the Hook of Holland, where Rotterdam was later built, as far north as Gouda, Kennermerland near Haarlem, and the island of Texel in the north of Holland[242]. "…Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite, Artoldo comite, Baldwino comite, item Arnulfo comite…" signed the charter dated 1 Apr 988 under which "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem…jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi"[243]. The Annales Egmundani record the death in 988 of "Theodericus II comes"[244]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "988 II Non Mai" of "domino Theodricus secundus comes Hollandie" and his burial at Egmond monastery[245]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "988 pridie Non Mai" of "Theodericus 2 comes"[246]. m ([945/50]) HILDEGARD, daughter of --- (before 933-10 Apr 990, bur Egmond). "Theodericus comes et uxor sua Hildegardis" are named in a charter dated Oct [967/79][247]. "Theoderici et Hildegardis" subscribed a charter dated 30 Sep 975, before "Arnulfi filii eorum [Theoderici et Hildegardis]"[248]. The Annales Egmundani name "Hildegardis comitissa" as wife of "Theodericus comes secundus [Hollandensium]" but do not give her origin[249]. "Theodericus…Holtlandensis comes…Florentii filius" recites the ownership history of properties claimed by the church of Utrecht in Holland, including the further construction of the church by "Theodericus secundus, predicti filius, cum Hildegarda coniuge sua", by spurious charter dated 26 Jul 1083, probably written in [1130][250]. According to Rösch[251], she was Hildegard de Flandre, daughter of Arnoul I Count of Flanders, but he cites no primary source on which this is based. Her naming her two sons Arnulf and Egbert suggests that the affiliation may be correct. Boer & Cordfunke refer to a 938 meeting, between Count Dirk I, Count Meginhard of Hamaland, and Count Arnulf I of Flanders and his wife Adela, to arrange the betrothals of Hildegard of Flanders and Count Dirk II (son of Count Dirk I), and of her sister Liutgard and Wichmann of Hamaland (son of Count Meginhard)[252]. The meeting is alleged to be recorded in the Verbrüderungsbuch der Abtei Reichenau, but no trace of this has been found in the copy consulted[253]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln, Hildegard was the daughter of Count Arnoul & his wife Adela de Vermandois and born in [934][254]. However, from a chronological point of view it is more likely that Hildegard was born from an earlier unknown marriage of Count Arnoul, as explained in the document FLANDERS, assuming that she was Count Arnoul's daughter. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that Count Dirk II married "Hildegardim (ut creditor) filiam Ludovici regis Francie"[255]. This is chronologically impossible, assuming that the birth date of Arnoul Count of Holland is correctly estimated as shown below, as Hildegard daughter of Louis III King of France would have been too old for the marriage and any daughter of Louis IV King of France would have been too young. It is also unlikely that the wife of Count Dirk II was Hildegard, daughter of Charles III "le Simple" King of France, whose birth date is estimated to [908/12]. There therefore seems no possibility that the Chronologia could even be partially correct in assigning this possible Carolingian French origin to Dirk's wife, although it is curious how this origin came to be included in the source. "Theodericus comes et uxor sua Hildegardis" donated "sui iuris sitam in pago Flandrensi…Clehiham" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 30 Sep 972[256]. "Theodericus comes et uxor sua Hildegardis" donated "in villa Haleftra in pago Mempesco sita" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 2 Oct 974[257]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "III Id Apr" of "Hildegardis…sua conthoralis" and her burial at Egmond monastery[258]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "IV Id Apr" of "Hildegardis uxor [Theoderici 2 comitis] filia Ludovici regis Francie"[259]. Europäische Stammtafeln shows 990 as her year of death[260], but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. Count Dirk II & his wife had [four] children:

a) ARNULF ([Gent] [950/55]-killed in battle Winkel, West-Friesland 18 Sep 993, bur Egmond). The Annales Egmundani name "Arnulfus filius eius [=Theoderici II comitis]" when recording that he succeeded his father[261]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Arnulfum comitem, Egbertum Treverensem archiepiscopum ac Arlindam puellam" as the children of Count Dirk II & his wife[262]. "Arnulfi comitum" subscribed a charter dated 29 Jun [955/64], signing directly after "Theoderici comitis"[263]. "Theoderico comite et Arnulfo filio eius, Folberto advocato…Ingelberto advocato…" signed the charter dated 26 Oct 970 under which "Mathelgodus et uxor sua Ingelswindis" donated "hereditatem sue possessionis in loco…Wessingim…Siringim…in pago Bracbantensi" to Saint-Pierre de Gand[264]. "…Hecberto et Arnulfo filiis ipsius Theoderici…" signed the charter dated 2 Oct 974 under which "Theodericus comes et uxor sua Hildegardis" donated "in villa Haleftra in pago Mempesco sita" to Saint-Pierre de Gand[265]. "Arnulpho filio Theoderici comitis" is named in a charter dated 30 Sep 975, subscribed by "Arnulfi filii eorum [Theoderici et Hildegardis]"[266]. "Theodericus comes et uxor sua Hildegardis" and "Hecberto et Arnulfo filiis ipsius Theoderici" are named in a charter dated Oct [967/79][267]. "Arnulfus filius Theoderici comitis et Arnulfus filius Hildwini" donated "in pago Taruennensis…in Rumingehim et in Keremberg, in pago Flandrensi…in Uckesham et super Gersta" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, at the request of "Everardi et filii eius Baldwini nepotis sui", by charter dated 4 Mar 981, signed by "Arnulfi junioris…marchysi, Theoderici comitis…Ingelberti advocati…"[268]. "…Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite…" signed the charter dated 1 Apr 988 under which "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem…jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi"[269]. He succeeded his father in 988 as ARNULF Count of Holland. "Arnulfi comitum" subscribed a charter dated 20 May 988[270], the first charter included in the compilation which he signed without his father. He was killed in battle against the Frisians[271], although this is doubted by de Boer & Cordfunke who suggest that he was killed at the mouth of the river Rhine as the quarrels with the West Frisians started much later[272]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death in battle "Winckel apud pagum Westfrisie…993 XIV Kal Oct" of "Arnulfus comes" and his burial at Egmond[273]. m (Betrothed 980) LIUTGARD de Luxembourg, daughter of SIEGFRIED Count [of Luxembourg] & his wife Hedwig --- ([965/70]-14 May, after 1005, bur Egmond). The Annales Egmundani name "Lutgarda comitissa" as wife of "Arnulphus comes tertius [Hollandensium]" but do not give her origin, specifying in a later passage that they were "legally" betrothed in 980 at "coram rege Ottone"[274]. Her origin is indicated by Thietmar who names "the queen's sister Liudgard", recording that "the king attacked the Frisians with a fleet…to placate [her] fury", dated to [May/Jun] 1005 from the context of the text[275]. Her origin is confirmed by the necrology of Ranshofen which records the death "III Id May" of "Liukart com soror Chunigundis imperatricis"[276]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that the wife of "Arnulfus tercius comes Hollandie" was "Lutgardim, filiam Theophani…imperatoris Grecorum et sororum Theophane imperatoris"[277], but this is clearly inconsistent with all other primary sources consulted. "Theodericus comes cum matre sua Lietgarda" donated "alodum suum situm secus fluvium Scaldum in pago Gandensi seu Tornacensi in vulla Rucga" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "patris sui Arnulfi", by charter dated 20 Sep 995[278]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "II Id Mai" of "Lutgardis…sua collateralis" and her burial at Egmond[279]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "pridie Id Mai" of "Lutgairdis uxor eius [Arnulfi comitis] filia regis Grecorum"[280]. According to the Preface of Vitæ Heinrici et Cunegundis Imperatores, "Liukart comitissa, soror Chunigundis imperatricis, obiit II Non Iulii"[281], but this date is inconsistent with other primary sources. Count Arnulf & his wife had [three] children:

i) DIRK ([981/90]-27 May 1039). The Annales Egmundani name "Theodricus III filius eius [=Arnulfi comitis]" when recording that he succeeded his father[282]. He succeeded his father in 993 as DIRK III Count of Holland.

- see below.

ii) SIGFRID [Sicco] (-5 Jun 1030, bur Egmond). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum succedentem comitem…et Sifridum sive Sicconem presidem" as the children of Count Dirk III & his wife[283]. "Theodericus…Holtlandensis comes…Florentii filius" recites the ownership history of properties claimed by the church of Utrecht in Holland, including the foundation of Egmond church by "Theodericus, frater Waldgeri, cum legitima coniuge sua Geua", the further construction of the church by "Theodericus secundus, predicti filius, cum Hildegarda coniuge sua", donations by "Sifridus cognomento Sicco, predicti frater Theoderici", by spurious charter dated 26 Jul 1083, probably written in [1130], which also names "Othelhilda uxore mea"[284]. The Liber Sancti Adalberti (written [1214] in Egmond) records that "Arnulfus…ex Liutgarda" had "duos filios Theodericum et Sifridum", specifying that the latter was buried "ante crucem in templo"[285]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1030 V die Iunii" of "Sifridus Sicco", and his burial "cum Thetburga coniuge" in the church of Egmond[286]. m TETBURGA, daughter of --- (-27 Jan ----, bur Egmond). Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1030 V die Iunii" of "Sifridus Sicco", and his burial "cum Thetburga coniuge" in the church of Egmond[287], in another version recording the death "VI Kal Feb" of Thetburga[288]. Sigfrid & his wife [one child]:

(a) [BALDRIC (-994, bur Utrecht cathedral). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Baldericus", installed as seventeenth bishop of Utrecht in 990, was the son of "Siffridi…statholder…van Kennemerlant…broeder van den grawe van Hollant Dirrick, dye 3^o", and died in 994 and was buried in Utrecht cathedral[289]. This proposed parentage is clearly impossible from a chronological point of view. The question remains whether the source incorrectly identifies the count of Holland and whether Baldric was the grandson of Dirk I, which would be chronologically consistent.]

iii) [ALEIDA . She is named as the possible daughter of Arnulf, and her two marriages are shown, in Europäische Stammtafeln[290] but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. The Chronique de Saint Riquier records that "Angelran" killed "le comte de Boulogne" in battle and married his widow "Adelvie…qui était de l'origine la plus illustre", after which he adopted the title comte[291]. m firstly BAUDOUIN de Boulogne, son of GUY de Boulogne & his wife --- (-1033). m secondly [as his second wife,] ENGUERRAND Avoué de Saint-Riquier, son of HUGUES Avoué de Saint-Riquier [Ponthieu] & his wife Gisèle de France [Capet] (-[1045]).]

b) EGBERT (-8/9 Dec 993, bur St Andreas). "Theodericus comes et uxor sua Hildegardis" and "Hecberto et Arnulfo filiis ipsius Theoderici" are named in a charter dated Oct [967/79][292]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Arnulfum comitem, Egbertum Treverensem archiepiscopum ac Arlindam puellam" as the children of Count Dirk II & his wife[293]. "…Hecberto et Arnulfo filiis ipsius Theoderici…" signed the charter dated 2 Oct 974 under which "Theodericus comes et uxor sua Hildegardis" donated "in villa Haleftra in pago Mempesco sita" to Saint-Pierre de Gand[294]. The Vita Sancti Adalberti Egmondani name "Theoderici iunioris filius Egbertus Trevirensis post archiepiscopus"[295]. Imperial Chancellor. Archbishop of Trier: Gallia Christiana records Egbert’s election as archbishop in 975[296]. The Gesta Treverorum records that "Eckebertus…de Britannia ortus, patre Theoderico comite et matre Hildegarda" succeeded "Theodericus" as archbishop of Trier[297]. "Theodericus…Holtlandensis comes…Florentii filius" recites the ownership history of properties claimed by the church of Utrecht in Holland, including donations by "Ekbertus, nominati comitis filius…Treuerice ecclesie archiepiscopus", by spurious charter dated 26 Jul 1083, probably written in [1130][298]. The Annales Egmundani record the death in 994 of "Ekbertus frater Arnulfi comitis Treveronum archiepiscopus"[299]. The Gesta Treverorum records that "Eckebertus" went "ad fluvium Oleviam" where he died and was buried "in parva ecclesia, quam ipse construxerat in honore sancti Andreæ"[300].

c) HERLINDE . The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Arnulfum comitem, Egbertum Treverensem archiepiscopum ac Arlindam puellam" as the children of Count Dirk II & his wife[301]. The Annales Egmundani name "Erlinda soror eius [=Ekbertus filius Theoderici II comitis] monocula"[302]. The Vita Sancti Adalberti Egmondani names "eidem comiti [=Theoderici iunioris] filia Erlinda"[303]. Abbess of Egmond, later of Bennsbrock. The reference in the Annales Egmundani to her being one-eyed provides an interesting corroboration for the theory that children with disabilities were assigned to careers in the church.

d) [daughter . Her parentage and marriage are suggested by the charter dated 4 Mar 981 under which "Arnulfus filius Theoderici comitis et Arnulfus filius Hildwini" donated "in pago Taruennensis…in Rumingehim et in Keremberg, in pago Flandrensi…in Uckesham et super Gersta" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, at the request of "Everardi et filii eius Baldwini nepotis sui", by charter dated 4 Mar 981[304]. The document is unclear whether "nepotis sui" refers to "Arnulfus filius Theoderici comitis" or to "Arnulfus filius Hildwini" or to both. The identity of "Arnulfus filius Hildwini" is not known, although the name "Hildwini" suggests a connection with the preceding family of Comtes [de Tournai] (see HAINAUT). m EVERARD [de Tournai], son of --- (-after 4 Mar 981).]

DIRK, son of ARNULF Count of Holland & his wife Liutgard de Luxembourg ([981/90]-27 May 1039). The Annales Egmundani name "Theodricus III filius eius [=Arnulfi comitis]" when recording that he succeeded his father^{^[305]}. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum succedentem comitem…et Sifridum sive Sicconem presidem" as the children of Count Dirk III & his wife[306]. He succeeded his father in 993 as DIRK III Count of Holland. "Theodericus comes cum matre sua Lietgarda" donated "alodum suum situm secus fluvium Scaldum in pago Gandensi seu Tornacensi in vulla Rucga" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "patris sui Arnulfi", by charter dated 20 Sep 995[307]. Count Dirk III had a stronghold in Vlaardingen, usurped property belonging to the bishop of Utrecht in the Vlaardingen area, and introduced a toll on ships passing along the river Merwede to Tiel without the consent of the emperor or the bishop[308]. Thietmar records that "Dietrich the empress's nephew" attacked Adalbold Bishop of Utrecht in 1018, before his forces were attacked by the Frisians and suffered numerous casualties[309]. "Thiederici Fresoniæ" witnessed a donation of property dated "Id Sep 1024" by "Hildigunda abbatissa de Gesike" and one dated "18 Kal Oct [1029]" by "Brun comes cum uxore sua Ida"[310]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1039 VI Kal Iun" of "tercius Theodericus Hollandie…comes"[311].

m OTHELINDIS, daughter of --- (-in Saxony 9 Mar [1043/44], bur in Saxony). The Annales Egmundani name "Othelhildis comitissa" as wife of "Theodericus comes quartus [Hollandensium]" but do not give her origin[312]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[313], she was Othelindis von Haldensleben, daughter of Bernhard I Markgraf der Nordmark Graf von Haldensleben, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of "Theodericus…tercius…comes Hollandie" and "Utilhildim filiam…ducis Saxonie"[314]. The corresponding duke of Saxony would have been the Billung Duke Bernhard I (who died in 1011). However, if Duke Bernhard was Othelindis's father, the wife of Count Dirk III's son Count Floris would have been his first cousin on his mother's side, which seems unlikely to be correct. "Theodericus…Holtlandensis comes…Florentii filius" recites the ownership history of properties claimed by the church of Utrecht in Holland, including donations by "Theodericus tertius, predicti Arnulfi filius, cum coniuge sua Othelhildis", by spurious charter dated 26 Jul 1083, probably written in [1130][315]. The Annales Egmundani record the death in 1044 of "Othilhildis comitissa"[316]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Othilhildis…comitissa" returned to Saxony after her husband died, and that she died there "1043 VII Id Mai" and was buried there[317]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1043 VII Id Mar" of "Othelhildis comitissa rediens ad Saxoniam"[318].

Count Dirk III & his wife had [four] children:

1. DIRK (-killed in battle Dordrecht 13 Jan 1049, bur Egmond). The Annales Egmundani name "Theodericus filius eius [=Theoderici III comitis]" when recording that he succeeded his father[319]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Theodricum succedentem Hollandia principum et Florencium Orientalis Frisie comitem" as children of Count Dirk III & his wife[320]. He succeeded his father in 1039 as DIRK IV Count of Holland. The Annales Egmundani record that "Theodericus IIII comes filius Theoderici et Othelhildis" was killed "apud Thuredrech"[321]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death in battle of "Theodricus Hollandie comes…per Dordracum 1048 Id Ian" and his burial at Egmond, commenting that he died unmarried and without children[322]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records that "Theodericus quartus Hollandie comes" was killed "1048 V Id Mai…Dordraci"[323].

2. FLORIS ([1010/21]-Hamerth 28 Jun 1061, bur Egmond). The Annales Egmundani names "Florentius I" as brother of "Theodericus IIII comes filius Theoderici et Othelhildis" when recording that he succeeded his brother[324]. No source has been identified which indicates Floris’s birth date. However, recent examination of his skeleton has revealed that he was aged between 40 and 50 years old when he died, which would place his birth in [1010/21][325]. His estimated marriage date suggests his birth in the later part of this estimated birth date range. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Theodricum succedentem Hollandia principum et Florencium Orientalis Frisie comitem" as children of Count Dirk III & his wife[326]. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed a treaty between Wilhelm Bishop of Utrecht and Reginbert Abbot of Echternach under which they recognised each other's rights in "Flardinge, Kiericwerve, Velsereburc, Heligelo, Pethem" by charter dated 28 Dec 1063 which names "Theoderico comite ac filio eius Theoderico fratreque eius Florencio"[327]. He succeeded his brother in 1049 as FLORIS I Count of Holland. The Annales Egmundani record that "Florentius comes Hollandensis" was killed in 1061 at "Hamerthe"[328]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1061…in Hamerth…XIV Kal Iun" of Count Floris and his burial at Egmond[329]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records that "Florentius primus Hollandie comes" was killed in battle "1061 IV Kal Iul"[330]. m ([1050]) as her first husband, GERTRUD of Saxony, daughter of BERNHARD II Duke of Saxony [Billung] & his wife Eilika von Schweinfurt (Schweinfurt [1028]-Veurne 4 Aug 1113, bur Veurne). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Floris and "Gertrudim filiam Hermanni ducis Saxonum"[331], "Hermanni" being an error for "Bernardi" as the former would be impossible chronologically. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Bernardi Saxonum comitis Gertrudem" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "viduam Florentii comitis Fresonum"[332]. "Theodericus…Holtlandensis comes…Florentii filius" recites the ownership history of properties claimed by the church of Utrecht in Holland, including donations by "Florentius, tercii Theoderici filius, cum bone memorie uxore sua Gerthrude", by spurious charter dated 26 Jul 1083, probably written [1130][333]. She married secondly (1063) Robert de Flandre ([1035]-13 Oct 1093), who was regent of Holland for his stepson until 1071, when he succeeded as Robert I Count of Flanders. The date of her second marriage is based on the Chronologia Johannes de Beke recording that, two years after the death of her first husband, Gertrud married "Roberto iuniori filio Balduini comitis Flandrie", specifying that the latter ruled the county of Holland on behalf of "Theodrici domicelli iunioris adhuc etatis"[334]. "Gertrudis" is named as wife of "Roberti Frisonis" in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which does not give her origin[335]. The Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi names "Idam Namucensem…uxorem Angelberti marchionis et Gertrudem comitissam Flandrensem" as children of "Bernardum"[336]. The Annales Egmundani specify that Robert acquired the "comitatum Hollandiæ et Fresiæ" by marrying Gertrud[337]. [The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XV Kal Aug" of "Gertrudis comitissa"[338]. It is uncertain whether this entry relates to the widow of Count Floris and Count Robert.] Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "IV die Aug" of "Gheertrudis…" and her burial in Flanders[339]. [A manuscript catalogue of benefactors to Eversham monastery records the death “1 aprilis” 1113 of “Robertus Hierosolymitanus...Gertrudis mater eius”[340]. The accuracy of this source is unknown. The latest date recorded is 1629, but it is not known whether the document represents a later compilation based on earlier sources.] Count Floris & his wife had [five] children:

a) DIRK ([1050/55]-17 Jun 1091, bur Egmond). The Annales Egmundani name "Theoderici V filii Florentii comitis"[341]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum et Florencium…et Machtildim" as children of Count Floris & his wife[342]. He succeeded his father in 1061 as DIRK V Count of Holland, under the regency of his stepfather until 1071. The county of Holland was annexed by the bishopric of Utrecht by Bishop Willem in 1061. "Henricus…rex" confirmed the transfer of "comitatum omnem in Westflinge et circa horas Reni" which "Theodricus comes habuit" to the bishopric of Utrecht, on the advice of "…Gotefridi, Frederici, Gerhardi ducum", by charter dated "II Kal Mai 1064"[343]. "Henricus…rex" records that "Theodrico comite eiusque filiis" took property from the bishopric of Utrecht "a tempore Heinrici secundi et Adelboldi…episcopi", including property "Sigeldrith usque in Rinesmuthon, inde sursum ab occidentali parte Reni usque in Bodengrauen" held by "comes Unroch…post Unroch Godezo, post Godezonem Theodricus Baue filius", by charter dated "VI Non Mai 1064"[344]. Dirk V recovered his county in 1076, and imprisoned the Bishop. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that Count Dirk V defeated his stepfather at "Islemunde" in 1076[345]. "Theodericus…Holtlandensis comes…Florentii filius" recites the ownership history of properties claimed by the church of Utrecht in Holland, including the foundation of Egmond church by "Theodericus, frater Waldgeri, cum legitima coniuge sua Geua", the further construction of the church by "Theodericus secundus, predicti filius, cum Hildegarda coniuge sua", donations by "Ekbertus, nominati comitis filius…Treuerice ecclesie archiepiscopus", by "Arnulfus comes cum…uxore sua Liutgarda", by "Theodericus tertius, predicti Arnulfi filius, cum coniuge sua Othelhildis", by "Sifridus cognomento Sicco, predicti frater Theoderici", by "Florentius, tercii Theoderici filius", cum bone memorie uxore sua Gerthrude", by spurious charter dated 26 Jul 1083, probably written in [1130], which names "Othelhilda uxore mea"[346]. The Annales Egmundani record the death in 1091 of "Theoderici V comes"[347]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1091 XV Kal Iul" of Count Dirk V[348]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1091 V Kal Dec" of "Theodericus quintus Hollandie comes" and his burial "ad caput Florencii Crassi"[349]. m (before 26 Jul 1083) OTHELINDIS, daughter of --- (-18 Nov ----, bur Egmond). The Annales Egmundani name "Othelhildis comitissa" as wife of "Theodericus comes septimus [Hollandensium]" but do not give her origin[350]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Dirk V and "Otihildim filiam prepotentis ducis Saxonie"[351]. The name "Othelindis" suggests a Saxon origin (see Count Dirk V's paternal grandmother). However, it is unlikely that Othelindis's father was duke of Saxony, because of the consanguinity that would have resulted between the parties no reference to which has been found in the sources so far consulted. No indication has been found of her precise Saxon origin. "Theodericus…Holtlandensis comes…Florentii filius" recites the ownership history of properties claimed by the church of Utrecht in Holland, by spurious charter dated 26 Jul 1083, probably written in [1130], which names "Othelhilda uxore mea"[352]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "XIV Kal Dec" of "Uthilhildis" wife of Count Dirk V and her burial at Egmond[353]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "XIV Kal Dec" of "Othilhildis comitissa" and her burial at Egmond with her husband[354]. Count Dirk V & his wife had two children:

i) FLORIS (-2 Mar 1121, bur Egmond). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Florencium succedentem comitem et Machtildim" as children of Count Dirk V & his wife[355]. The Annales Egmundani name "Florentius II filius eius [=Theoderici V comitis]" when recording that he succeeded his father[356]. He succeeded his father in 1091 as FLORIS II “the Fat” Count of Holland.

- see below.

ii) MATHILDE . The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Florencium succedentem comitem et Machtildim" as children of Count Dirk V & his wife[357].

b) FLORIS (-before 1061, bur Egmond). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum et Florencium…et Machtildim" as children of Count Floris & his wife[358]. Canon at St Lambert in Liège. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death of "Florencius filius Florencii…puer" and his burial "ad caput patris sui postea defuncti"[359]. The reference in this source to "puer" is not considered inconsistent with Floris having been a canon at Liège as the term may only reflect his being sent to the cathedral at any early age for his education.

c) [PETER . Canon at St Lambert in Liège. He is named in Europäische Stammtafeln[360], but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. No record of another individual named Peter has been found in this family, which suggests that his identification as a son of Count Dirk IV should be viewed with scepticism.]

d) BERTHA of Holland ([1058]-Montreuil-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais 15 Oct 1094). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage of "filiam ducis Frisiæ" and "rex Philippus"[361]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum et Florencium…et Machtildim" as children of Count Floris & his wife, specifying that "Machtildim" married "Philippus rex Francie" after the death of her father which indicates that "Machtildim" in this text is an error for Bertha[362]. The Historia Francorum names "filiam Florentii ducis Frisonum Bertam" as wife of King Philippe[363]. Her marriage was arranged as part of the settlement under which her future husband recognised her stepfather as Count of Flanders[364]. Her husband sent her to Montreuil after repudiating her. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Victor records the death "Id Oct" of "Berta mater Ludovici regis"[365]. Clarius’s Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis records the death in 1094 of “Berta regina, quæ a rege Philippo prius fuerat derelicta”[366]. m (1072, repudiated 1092) as his first wife, PHILIPPE I King of France, son of HENRI I King of France & his second wife Anna Iaroslavna of Kiev (1052-château de Melun, Seine-et-Marne 30 Jul 1108, bur Abbaye Saint Benoît-sur-Loire).

e) [ADELA [Christina] (-1085). The Historia Comitum Ghisnensium names "viri Lotharie et milicie ducis florigeri Florentini filiam Adelam…dicta Cristiana" as wife of "Balduinum [comem Ghisnensi]"[367]. The passage contains no direct reference to the Counts of Holland, although the first name "Florentinus" is indicative and has not been found in other contemporary noble families. If Adela belonged to the family of the Counts of Holland, the text is chronologically consistent with Count Floris I being her father. This hypothesis assumes that the text correctly names Adela's father in the first place. This is far from certain in light of the numerous inaccuracies and inconsistencies in the early parts of the Historia. In addition, none of the names typically associated with the family of the Counts of Holland are found among the couple's descendants. m BAUDOUIN I Comte de Guines, son of EUSTACHE Comte de Guines & his wife Susanne de Grimmingen (-[1100]).]

3. [BERTRADA . The Annalista Saxo names "Bertrada, soror Suanehildis comitisse de castro quod dicitur Lon in Hasbania, cuius filius fuit Arnoldus comes Mogotiensis prefectus" as wife of Graf Dietrich[368]. Bertrada is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[369] as the daughter of Count Dirk III but the primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. m DIETRICH I Graf von Katlenburg, son of UDO Graf im Liesgau und Rittegau [Nordmark-Stade] & his wife Bertrada --- (-killed in battle Werben 10 Sep 1056).]

4. [SUANEHILDIS (-31 Mar [1100]). The Annalista Saxo names "Bertrada, soror Suanehildis comitisse de castro quod dicitur Lon in Hasbania, cuius filius fuit Arnoldus comes Mogotiensis prefectus" as wife of Graf Dietrich (identified as Dietrich I Graf von Katlenburg)[370]. As noted above, no primary source has been identified which indicates that Bertrada was the daughter of Dirk III Count of Holland. Nevertheless, from a chronological point of view Count Dirk is the most likely father, assuming that Bertrada was a member of this family. "Arnoldus comes Mogotiensis prefectus" in this passage must be identified as Arnaud [I] Comte de Looz, who is recorded as the son of Emmo Comte de Looz. If that is correct, Suanehildis was the wife of Emmo. From a chronological point of view, the suggestion is feasible: the birth of the children of Count Dirk III must be dated to [1010/35], while Comte Emmo´s children were probably born in [1040/60]. The necrology of Liège Saint-Jacques points to this being the correct solution when it records the death 31 Mar of “Spannehildis comitissima de Los” and her donation[371]. Verdonk indicates that she died in 1100 on a pilgrimage to Rome[372]. [The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that "comitis Arnoldi Lossensis" descended "ex parte matris" from "Cliviæ comitibus"[373], which would be inconsistent with this hypothesis but, as pointed out below, Klaversma notes that this source is a 17th century forgery and is therefore unreliable[374].] m EMMO Comte de Looz [Immo], son of [GISELBERT Comte de Looz] & his wife [Liutgarde de Namur] (-17 Jan 1078]).]

FLORIS of Holland, son of DIRK V Count of Holland & his wife Othelindis --- (-2 Mar 1121, bur Egmond). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Florencium succedentem comitem et Machtildim" as children of Count Dirk V & his wife[375]. The Annales Egmundani name "Florentius II filius eius [=Theoderici V comitis]" when recording that he succeeded his father[376]. He succeeded his father in 1091 as FLORIS II “the Fat” [Count of Holland]. He acknowledged the Bishop of Utrecht as his overlord while retaining the rule of his county. The first recorded mention of the title "Count of Holland" is found in the charter dated [May 29] 1101 under which Burchard Bishop of Utrecht granted the church of "Thiedradeskerke" to Utrecht Sint Jan, witnessed by "…Florentius comes de Hollant, Heinricus de Kuc, Herimannus de Merehem, Wichardus comes…"[377]. "Florentius…Hollandiensis comes" granted fiscal exemptions to "civibus Heylegommensibus" {citizens of Heilo} by charter dated 13 Apr 1108[378]. "Florencius dictus crassus…cum…coniuge sua Petronilla" donated property to Egmond by undated charter which also records that "Nobilis Petronilla, super maritum mortuum" donated additional property for his soul[379]. The Annales Egmundani record the death "1121 VI Non Mar" of "Florentius crassus comes filius Theoderici"[380]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke record the death "1121 VI Non Mar" of "Florencius comes Hollandie, confrater ecclesie Traiectensis" and his burial at Egmond[381]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1121 VI Non Mar" of "Florencius 2 Hollandie comes"[382].

m (1113) GERTRUDE [Petronella] de Lorraine, daughter of THIERRY II Duke of Lorraine & his first wife Hedwig von Formbach (-23 May 1144, bur Rijnsburg). The Annales Egmundani name "Petronilla" as widow of "Florentius crassus comes filius Theoderici" but do not give her origin[383]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Floris and "Petronillam Lotharii cesaris sororem"[384]. "Florencius dictus crassus…cum…coniuge sua Petronilla" donated property to Egmond by undated charter which also records that "Nobilis Petronilla, super maritum mortuum" donated additional property for his soul[385]. The Annales Magdeburgenses name "Gertrudeis comitissa de…Holland…soror Lotherii Saxonis ducis" when recording her rebellion in 1123[386]. Regent of Holland for her son Count Dirk VI during his minority. She founded the abbey of Rijnsburg in 1133. The Annales Egmundani record the death in 1144 of "Petronilla comitissa uxor Florentii crassi comitis" and her burial at "Rinsburch"[387]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke record that "Petronilla…comitissa" became a nun at Rijnsburg after her husband died, and died and was buried there "X Kal Iun"[388]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1144 X Kal Iun" of "Petronilla comitissa"[389].

Count Floris II & his wife had four children:

1. DIRK ([1114]-5 Aug 1157, bur Egmond). The Annales Egmundani name "filios pusillos Theodericum, Florentium, Simonem" as the three sons of "Florentius crassus comes filius Theoderici" and his wife Petronilla[390]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Theodricum, Florencium, Simonem ac Hadewigim virginem" as the children of Count Floris & his wife[391]. He succeeded his father in 1121 as DIRK VI Count of Holland, under the regency of his mother during his minority. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records that "Lotharius imperator avunculus Theoderici" took "comitatus de Ostergon et Westergon" from the church of Utrecht and granted them to the county of Holland in [1126][392]. The Annales Egmundani record that "Theodericus comes Hollandensis" made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1138[393]. "Thedricus Hollandensium comes…cum conjuge mea Sophia comitissa et filio nostro Florentio" exchanged property with Epternach by charter dated 1156[394]. The Annales Egmundani record the death "1157 Non Aug" of "Theodericus comes filius Florentii crassi comitis"[395]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1157 Non Aug" of Count Dirk VI and his burial at Egmond[396]. m (before 1137) SOPHIE von Rheineck heiress of Bentheim, daughter of OTTO von Salm Pfalzgraf bei Rhein Graf von Rheineck und Bentheim & his wife Gertrud von Northeim (-Jerusalem 26 Sep 1176, bur Jerusalem, in church later called church of the Teutonic Knights). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Dirk VI and "Sophiam filiam Ottonis de Rinegh comitis palatini"[397]. The Annales Egmundani name "palatinus…comes Otto de Rineke" as brother of "comitissæ Sophiæ Hollandensis"[398]. "Thedricus Hollandensium comes…cum conjuge mea Sophia comitissa et filio nostro Florentio" exchanged property with Epternach by charter dated 1156[399]. The Annales Egmundani record the visit to Jerusalem in 1173 of "Sophia comitissa Hollandensis et filio suo Ottone" and her death in 1176[400]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Sophia comitissa" visited Jerusalem after her husband died and died there "VI Kal Oct" and was buried "ad hospitale Teutonicorum in Iherusalem"[401]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the burial "VI Kal Oct" of "Sophia…mater Florencii comitis" at Jerusalem[402]. Count Dirk VI & his wife had nine children:

a) DIRK ([1138/39]-1151). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium succedentem Hollandie principem, Ottonem de Benthem comitem, Balduinem pontificum, Theodricum antistitem, Peregrinum presidem, Sophiam abbatissam, Hadewigim sanctimonialem et Petronellam…domicellam" as the children of Count Dirk VI & his wife[403]. The Annales Egmundani record the death in 1151 of "Theodericus…filius Theoderici comitis et Sophiæ cognomento Peregrinus", specifying that he was 12 years old[404]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium clarifies that "Peregrinus preses" was "senior filius" but died aged 12 and was buried at Egmond[405].

b) FLORIS ([1140]-Antioch 1 Aug 1190, bur Antioch St Peter). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium succedentem Hollandie principem, Ottonem de Benthem comitem, Balduinem pontificum, Theodricum antistitem, Peregrinum presidem, Sophiam abbatissam, Hadewigim sanctimonialem et Petronellam…domicellam" as the children of Count Dirk VI & his wife[406]. The Annales Egmundani name "Florentius filius eius [=Theodericus comes filius Florentii crassi comitis]" when recording that he succeeded his father[407]. He succeeded his father in 1157 as FLORIS III Count of Holland.

- see below.

c) OTTO ([1140/45]-[1208/13 Feb 1209]). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium succedentem Hollandie principem, Ottonem de Benthem comitem, Balduinem pontificum, Theodricum antistitem, Peregrinum presidem, Sophiam abbatissam, Hadewigim sanctimonialem et Petronellam…domicellam" as the children of Count Dirk VI & his wife[408]. The Annales Egmundani name "Ottonem fratrem Florentii Hollandensis comitis"[409]. Graf van Bentheim. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Otto de Hollandia filius sororis sue" inherited "comitatum de Benthem" after "Otto palatinus comes de Rinegh castellanus in Benthem sororius Theodrici comitis Hollandie" was murdered by "Hermanno comite de Stalik"[410]. "Frater episcopi Balduini Otto comes de Benthem" made war at Drenthen against "Covordiæ præfectos", dated to 1196[411]. "Theodericus…comes et A. uxor mea Hollandiæ comitissa…et avunculus noster Otto comes de Benethem et soror eius Sophia abbatissa" confirmed donations to Rijnsburg by "beatæ memoriæ Sophia quondam Hollandiæ comitissa", for the souls of "præmemoratæ Sophiæ comitissæ et mariti eius Theoderici comitis", by charter dated 1202[412].

- GRAVEN van BENTHEIM.

d) BOUDEWIJN (-[21/30] Apr 1196, bur Utrecht). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium succedentem Hollandie principem, Ottonem de Benthem comitem, Balduinem pontificum, Theodricum antistitem, Peregrinum presidem, Sophiam abbatissam, Hadewigim sanctimonialem et Petronellam…domicellam" as the children of Count Dirk VI & his wife[413]. The Annales Egmundani name "Baldwinum præpositum" as brother of "Florentii comitis Hollandensis"[414]. Provost at St Maria in Utrecht. Bishop of Utrecht 1178. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Balderich van Hollant…grave Floris van Hollants broeder" was installed as twenty-ninth bishop of Utrecht in 1178, died 21 Apr 1196, and was buried at Utrecht[415]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1196 II Kal Mai" of "Balduinus filius Theoderici comitis Hollandie Traiecetensis episcopus"[416].

e) DIRK (-Pavia 28 Aug 1197, bur Pavia). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium succedentem Hollandie principem, Ottonem de Benthem comitem, Balduinem pontificum, Theodricum antistitem, Peregrinum presidem, Sophiam abbatissam, Hadewigim sanctimonialem et Petronellam…domicellam" as the children of Count Dirk VI & his wife[417]. Bishop of Utrecht 1196. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Dirrick van Hollant" was installed as thirty-first bishop of Utrecht in 1198, but died four months later at "Padua", adding that he was buried there[418]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1197" of "Theodericus frater Balduini precedentis episcopus Traiectensis"[419].

f) SOPHIE (-after 1202). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium succedentem Hollandie principem, Ottonem de Benthem comitem, Balduinem pontificum, Theodricum antistitem, Peregrinum presidem, Sophiam abbatissam, Hadewigim sanctimonialem et Petronellam…domicellam" as the children of Count Dirk VI & his wife[420]. The Annales Egmundani name "Sophia abbatissa soror comitis Florentii" when recording that she became abbess at Rijnsburg in 1186[421]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium names "Sophia abbatissa in Fontanella [filia comitis Theoderici et Sophie]" but does not record her date of death[422]. "Theodericus…comes et A. uxor mea Hollandiæ comitissa…et avunculus noster Otto comes de Benethem et soror eius Sophia abbatissa" confirmed donations to Rijnsburg by "beatæ memoriæ Sophia quondam Hollandiæ comitissa", for the souls of "præmemoratæ Sophiæ comitissæ et mariti eius Theoderici comitis", by charter dated 1202[423].

g) HEDWIG (-28 Aug 1167). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium succedentem Hollandie principem, Ottonem de Benthem comitem, Balduinem pontificum, Theodricum antistitem, Peregrinum presidem, Sophiam abbatissam, Hadewigim sanctimonialem et Petronellam…domicellam" as the children of Count Dirk VI & his wife[424]. Nun at Rijnsburg. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1167 V Kal Sep" of "Hadewigis sanctimonialis in Reynsburch [filia comitis Theoderici et Sophie]"[425].

h) GERTRUD (-13 Aug ----). Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "IV Id Aug" of "Gheertrudis infantula [filia comitis Theoderici et Sophie]"[426].

i) PETRONELLA (-5 Dec ----). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium succedentem Hollandie principem, Ottonem de Benthem comitem, Balduinem pontificum, Theodricum antistitem, Peregrinum presidem, Sophiam abbatissam, Hadewigim sanctimonialem et Petronellam…domicellam" as the children of Count Dirk VI & his wife[427]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "pridie Non Dec" of "Petronilla domicella [filia comitis Theoderici et Sophie]"[428].

Count Dirk VI had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

j) ROBERT (-before 1190, bur Rijnsburg Abbey). Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium states it was alleged that "Robertus" was "frater Florencii forte naturalis"[429]. "Florentius tertius…comes Hollandie" donated the church of Vlaardingen, held by "patris mei Theoderici", to Egmond abbey by charter dated 28 Aug 1162, witnessed by "Robertus frater comitis…"[430]. Dirk VII Count of Holland confirmed a donation to Rijnsburg abbey made by "pater meus Florentius comes" for the soul of "fratris sui Roberti" who was buried at the abbey, by charter dated 20 Feb 1201[431].

2. FLORIS "de Zwarte" ([1115]-killed in battle Utrecht 26 Oct 1132, bur Rijnsburg Monastery). The Annales Egmundani name "filios pusillos Theodericum, Florentium, Simonem" as the three sons of "Florentius crassus comes filius Theoderici" & his wife Petronilla[432]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Theodricum, Florencium, Simonem ac Hadewigim virginem" as the children of Count Floris & his wife[433]. Lothar King of Germany confirmed property of Duisburg by charter dated 8 May 1129 witnessed by "…Comites: Gerhardus Longus de Gelere, Arnoldus de Cliue, Hermannus de Caluerlage, Hermannus de Salmene, Otto de Rinecke, Florentius de Hollande, Gerhardus de Hostad, Bernhardus de Hildenesheim, Godefridus et Hermannus de Cuch, Adolfus de Berge…"[434]. He supported the West-Friesians in an uprising against his brother Dirk VI. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Florencius dictus Niger" rebelled against "fratrem suum Theodricum comitem" in 1133[435]. The Annalista Saxo records the death of "consobrinus inperatoris Lotharii Florentius, filius Florentii comitis de provincial Hollant", killed by "Godofrido et fratre eius Herimanno de Kuc"[436]. The Annales Egmundani record that "Florentius niger comes…frater Theoderici comes" was killed "VII Id Nov"[437]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records that "Florencius [filius Florenciis et Petronilla]" was killed "in Traiecto VI Kal Nov…1131" and his burial at Rijnsburg[438].

3. SIMON (-7 Nov ---). The Annales Egmundani name "filios pusillos Theodericum, Florentium, Simonem" as the three sons of "Florentius crassus comes filius Theoderici" & his wife Petronilla[439]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Theodricum, Florencium, Simonem ac Hadewigim virginem" as the children of Count Floris & his wife[440]. Canon at St Martin in Utrecht 1131-47. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "VII Id Nov" of "Symon [filius Florenciis et Petronilla]…iuvenis"[441].

4. HEDWIG (-1132). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Theodricum, Florencium, Simonem ac Hadewigim virginem" as the children of Count Floris & his wife[442]. Nun. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium names "Hadewigis [filia Florenciis et Petronilla]" but does not record her date of death[443].

FLORIS of Holland, son of DIRK VI Count of Holland & his wife Sophie von Rheineck ([1140]-Antioch 1 Aug 1190, bur Antioch St Peter). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium succedentem Hollandie principem, Ottonem de Benthem comitem, Balduinem pontificum, Theodricum antistitem, Peregrinum presidem, Sophiam abbatissam, Hadewigim sanctimonialem et Petronellam…domicellam" as the children of Count Dirk VI & his wife[444]. "Thedricus Hollandensium comes…cum conjuge mea Sophia comitissa et filio nostro Florentio" exchanged property with Epternach by charter dated 1156[445]. The Annales Egmundani name "Florentius filius eius [=Theodericus comes filius Florentii crassi comitis]" when recording that he succeeded his father[446]. He succeeded his father in 1157 as FLORIS III Count of Holland. He made peace with the West-Friesians in 1161. "Florentius tertius…comes Hollandie" donated the church of Vlaardingen, held by "patris mei Theoderici", to Egmond abbey by charter dated 28 Aug 1162, the dating clause of which refers to "anno primo…matrimonii nostri quo sororem regis Scotie Ade duxit uxorem"[447]. He was created Earl of Ross in 1162 by his brother-in-law Malcolm IV King of Scotland, but the earldom was withdrawn from him[448]. He was imprisoned in Flanders 1167 during a struggle over Zeeland. In 1176 he supported Emperor Friedrich “Barbarossa” in the battle of Legnano, and was rewarded with the imperial toll-post at Geervliet. He took part in the Third Crusade 1189, on which he died. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1190 Kal Aug…in Antiochia" of Count Floris III and his burial in "basilica sancti Petri"[449]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1190 Kal Aug" of "Florencius 3 comes Hollandie" at Antioch[450].

m (1162, before 28 Aug) ADA of Scotland, daughter of HENRY of Scotland Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland & his wife Ada de Warenne ([1146/48]-11 Jan after 1205, bur Middleburg Monastery). The Chronicle of Melrose records the marriage in 1162 of "Malcolm king of Scotland…his second sister Ada to Florence earl of Hoilande"[451]. Her birth date is estimated assuming that she was her parents´ second daughter, and bearing in mind the estimated birth dates of their other children as shown in the document SCOTLAND. The Annales Egmundani records the marriage in 1162 of "Florentius comes Hollandiæ" and "sororem Regis Scottorum…Ada"[452]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Floris III and "Adam filiam Henrici prepotentis regis Scottorum"[453]. "Florentius tertius…comes Hollandie" donated the church of Vlaardingen, held by "patris mei Theoderici", to Egmond abbey by charter dated 28 Aug 1162, the dating clause of which refers to "anno primo…matrimonii nostri quo sororem regis Scotie Ade duxit uxorem"[454]. "Theodericus Hollandie comes…comitis Florentii et Ade comitisse filius" donated property at Poeldijk bij Naaldwijk to the church of St Maria, Utrecht by charter dated 1198, in the presence of "Ada mater mea, Willelmus frater meus comes Frisie, Margareta soror mea, Florentius frater meus…"[455]. "Ada…marchionissa de Brandebrug" donated land "on Pole" to Rijnsburg abbey, with the consent of "Wilhelmi comitis et Florentii fratrum meorum et Ade comitisse matris mee et Ade neptis mee", by charter dated 1205[456]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "III Id Ian" of "Ada quidam Hollandie comitissa regie stirpis" and her burial in Middleburg monastery[457]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "Id Jan" of "Ada comitissa filia Heynrici regis Scothorum"[458].

Count Floris III & his wife had eleven children:

1. DIRK (-Dordrecht 4 Nov 1203, bur Egmond). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum succedentem comitem Hollandie, Wilhelmum comitem Orientalis Frisie, Florencium prepositum Traiecetensis ecclesie, Robertum presidium Kenemarie, Beatricem, Elizabeth, Adelheydim et Margaretam comitissam Clivie" as the children of Count Floris III & his wife[459]. The Annales Egmundani name "Theodericus filius Florentii comitis et Adæ" when recording his marriage in 1186[460]. He succeeded his father 1190 as DIRK VII Count of Holland. "Theodericus Hollandie comes…comitis Florentii et Ade comitisse filius" donated property at Poeldijk bij Naaldwijk to the church of St Maria, Utrecht by charter dated 1198, in the presence of "Ada mater mea, Willelmus frater meus comes Frisie, Margareta soror mea, Florentius frater meus…"[461]. "Theodericus…comes et A. uxor mea Hollandiæ comitissa…et avunculus noster Otto comes de Benethem et soror eius Sophia abbatissa" confirmed donations to Rijnsburg by "beatæ memoriæ Sophia quondam Hollandiæ comitissa", for the souls of "præmemoratæ Sophiæ comitissæ et mariti eius Theoderici comitis", by charter dated 1202[462]. The Annales Egmundani records the death in 1203 of "Theodericus comes Hollandiæ"[463]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1203…apud Dordracum…II Non Nov" of Count Dirk VII and his burial at Egmond monastery[464]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1203 pridie Non Nov" of "Theodericus septimus Hollandie comes"[465]. m (1186) ADELHEID von Kleve, daughter of DIETRICH IV Graf von Kleve & his wife Adelheid von Sulzbach. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Dirk VII and "Adelheydim filiam…Theodrici comite de Clivo"[466]. The Annales Egmundani records the marriage in 1186 of "Theodericus filius Florentii comitis et Adæ" and "sororem Theoderici iunioris comitis de Cleve…Alydam" in "villa Losdun"[467]. 1186/1242. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Wilhelmus comes Orientalis Frisie" conspired after the death of his brother Count Dirk VII in 1203, with the support of "Florencius frater suus Traiectensis prepositus, Otto comes de Benthem ipsius patruus" and others, against "Ludovicum comitem de Loon…ac Adelheidim Hollandie viduam"[468]. Count Dirk VII & his wife had two children:

a) ALEIDIS [Adelheid] ([1186]-before 1203, bur Rijnsburg). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Adelheidim et Adam" as the two daughters of Count Dirk VII & his wife, specifying that Adelheid was betrothed to "Henrico domicello Gelrie"[469]. The Annales Egmundani record the betrothal in 1197 of "Theodericus comes filiam Aleydem" and "filio comitis Ottonis…Heinricus" but specifying that "idem puer" died and was buried at Rijnsburg[470]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Otto comes Gelrensis" and "Theodericus Hollandensis" were reconciled and agreed the betrothal of "filiam suam Aleidem" and "filio comitis Ottonis…Henricus", but specifying in a later passage that both died soon after and were buried "in Rinesburgensi monasterio"[471]. Betrothed (1198) HENDRIK van Gelre, son of OTTO Graf van Gelre & his wife Richardis of Bavaria (-1198, bur Rijnsburg).

b) ADA ([1188]-[1220/27]). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Adelheidim et Adam" as the two daughters of Count Dirk VII & his wife, specifying that Ada was betrothed to "Ludovicus comes de Loon" against the wishes of the people of Holland[472]. The Annales Egmundani record the betrothal in 1203 of "filiam suam [=Theodericus comes Hollandiæ] Ada" to "comiti de Lone", specifying that the county was transferred to the latter[473]. The Gesta Episcopum Traiectensium refers to "Theoderico comite Hollandie filia sua unica" when recording her marriage to "Lodowico comiti de Loen" after her father's death[474]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Ludovicus de Loon" came "ab Holtena Dordracum" where his marriage to "Adelheidis comitisse…Adam puellam de regali stirpe progenita" immediately after her father's death and before he was buried[475]. She succeeded her father in 1203 as ADA Ctss of Holland, but was deposed by her uncle the same year. "Ada…marchionissa de Brandebrug" donated land "on Pole" to Rijnsburg abbey, with the consent of "Wilhelmi comitis et Florentii fratrum meorum et Ade comitisse matris mee et Ade neptis mee", by charter dated 1205[476]. "Ludewicus comes de Lon et Heinricus prepositus Traiectensis et Arnoldus frater eius et Ada comitissa" donated property to Eberbach, at the request of "fratris nostri Gerhardi comitis de Renecken", by charter dated 1213[477]. "Domina Ada comitissa de Los et domina Y. de Heinsberghe…" witnessed a charter dated 1220 under which Dirk [I] Heer van Heinsberg in favour of Herkenrode abbey[478]. m (Dordrecht [5] Nov 1203) LOUIS [II] Comte de Looz, son of GERARD [II] Comte de Looz & his wife Adelheid van Gelre (-29/30 Jul 1218). He claimed to succeed his wife in 1203 as LODEWIJK I Count of Holland. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Wilhelmus comes Orientalis Frisie" conspired after the death of his brother Count Dirk VII in 1203, with the support of "Florencius frater suus Traiectensis prepositus, Otto comes de Benthem ipsius patruus" and others, against "Ludovicum comitem de Loon…ac Adelheidim Hollandie viduam", in a later passage recording that "Ludovicus comes de Loen" was defeated and expelled from Holland[479]. Deposed 1206.

2. WILLEM (-4 Feb 1222). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum succedentem comitem Hollandie, Wilhelmum comitem Orientalis Frisie, Florencium prepositum Traiecetensis ecclesie, Robertum presidium Kenemarie, Beatricem, Elizabeth, Adelheydim et Margaretam comitissam Clivie" as the children of Count Floris III & his wife[480]. The Gesta Episcopum Traiectensium names "Theodericum comitem Hollandie fratrem suum Wilhelmum" when recording the disagreement between the two brothers[481]. He succeeded his niece in 1203 as WILLEM I Count of Holland.

- see below.

3. FLORIS (-Middleburg Monastery 30 Nov 1210). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum succedentem comitem Hollandie, Wilhelmum comitem Orientalis Frisie, Florencium prepositum Traiecetensis ecclesie, Robertum presidium Kenemarie, Beatricem, Elizabeth, Adelheydim et Margaretam comitissam Clivie" as the children of Count Floris III & his wife[482]. "Theodericus Hollandie comes…comitis Florentii et Ade comitisse filius" donated property at Poeldijk bij Naaldwijk to the church of St Maria, Utrecht by charter dated 1198, in the presence of "Ada mater mea, Willelmus frater meus comes Frisie, Margareta soror mea, Florentius frater meus…"[483]. Provost at Utrecht 1198. "Th….comes Hollandie atque Selandie et Aleidis comitissa" donated property near Zubburg to Middelburg abbey by charter dated 1198, witnessed by "Florencius prepositus et Balduinus fratres mei…"[484]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Wilhelmus comes Orientalis Frisie" conspired after the death of his brother Count Dirk VII in 1203, with the support of "Florencius frater suus Traiectensis prepositus, Otto comes de Benthem ipsius patruus" and others, against "Ludovicum comitem de Loon…ac Adelheidim Hollandie viduam"[485]. Monk at Middelburg. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "pridie Kal Dec 1210" of "Florencius [filius Florencii et Ada] in Middelburch" as a monk[486].

4. BOUDEWIJN (-19 Jul 1204). "Th….comes Hollandie atque Selandie et Aleidis comitissa" donated property near Zubburg to Middelburg abbey by charter dated 1198, witnessed by "Florencius prepositus et Balduinus fratres mei…"[487]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "1204 XIV Kal Aug" of "Balduinus filius Florencii comitis"[488].

5. ROBERT . The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum succedentem comitem Hollandie, Wilhelmum comitem Orientalis Frisie, Florencium prepositum Traiecetensis ecclesie, Robertum presidium Kenemarie, Beatricem, Elizabeth, Adelheydim et Margaretam comitissam Clivie" as the children of Count Floris III & his wife[489].

6. BEATRIX . The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum succedentem comitem Hollandie, Wilhelmum comitem Orientalis Frisie, Florencium prepositum Traiecetensis ecclesie, Robertum presidium Kenemarie, Beatricem, Elizabeth, Adelheydim et Margaretam comitissam Clivie" as the children of Count Floris III & his wife[490].

7. ELISABETH (-27 Aug ----). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum succedentem comitem Hollandie, Wilhelmum comitem Orientalis Frisie, Florencium prepositum Traiecetensis ecclesie, Robertum presidium Kenemarie, Beatricem, Elizabeth, Adelheydim et Margaretam comitissam Clivie" as the children of Count Floris III & his wife[491]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "VI Kal Sep" of "Elizabeth puella filia Florencii et Ada comitissa"[492].

8. ADA (-after 1205). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum succedentem comitem Hollandie, Wilhelmum comitem Orientalis Frisie, Florencium prepositum Traiecetensis ecclesie, Robertum presidium Kenemarie, Beatricem, Elizabeth, Adelheydim et Margaretam comitissam Clivie" as the children of Count Floris III & his wife[493]. "Ada…marchionissa de Brandebrug" donated land "in Pole" to Rijnsburg abbey, with the consent of "Wilhelmi comitis et Florentii fratrum meorum et Ade comitisse matris mee et Ade neptis mee", by charter dated 1205[494]. The identity of Ada´s Brandenburg husband is difficult to establish with complete certainty. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[495], he was Otto I Markgraf von Brandenburg. Markgraf Otto I´s second wife is named "Adelheid" in Brandenburg sources ("Otto Brandenburgensis marchio" founded Kloster Arendsee, with the consent of "meis heredibus Ottone, Heinrico, Adelberto filiis meis et uxore mea Adelheide", by charter dated 1184[496]). The similarity between "Ada" and "Adelheid" appears at first sight to establish the connection. However, the chronology is not ideal. It is most likely that "Adelheid" was the mother of Markgraf Otto I´s youngest son Markgraf Albrecht II. Albrecht II was named in the charter dated 1 Jan 1177 quoted above, so was born in the mid-1170s. Albrecht is named in an 1197 document in his own capacity, indicating that he had already reached the age of majority. If Ada of Holland was his mother, she would have been 12 years old at the most when he was born, assuming that she was her parents´ oldest child which appears unlikely: the order of birth of her parents´ daughters as set out in the Chronologia Johannes de Beke, quoted above, suggests that "Adelheydim" was the third daughter. While it is acknowledged that the order of births as recorded in such sources is not consistently reliable, the order in which Count Floris´s sons are named in the Chronologia does appear to correspond to the order of their births. If Ada was her parents´ third daughter, it is unlikely that she was born before [1166/68], also bearing in mind that the birth of the couple´s oldest son Dirk should probably be placed in the 1160s in view of his marriage which is recorded in 1186. This date [1166/68] makes it impossible that Ada was the mother of Markgraf Albrecht II. A second possibility for Ada´s Brandenburg husband is Otto II Markgraf von Brandenburg, stated to be the case by Alfred Riedel who compiled the Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis series in the mid-19th century. In his index volume, he lists "Ada Margräfin v. Brandenburg, Gemahlin Otto´s II, Schwester des Grafen Wilhelm von Holland", although he cites no primary source which confirms that this statement is correct[497]. This possibility was also discussed by Hermann Krabbo in the early 20th century[498]. All problems of chronology would be resolved if Otto II was Ada´s husband. In addition, the timing of her 1205 donation to Rijnsberg abbey would have followed her husband´s death. It would also be easier to explain her return to Holland (why would she have gone back if Markgraf Albrecht II had been her son?) and also the absence of any reference to Brandenburg relatives in the 1205 charter. References to the wife of Markgraf Otto II are found in the Cronica Principum Saxonie which records that "Otto secundus" had "uxorem cum magna sibi in Werda gloria presentatam"[499], and Pulchawa´s Böhmischer Chronik which states that "Otto secundus, filius primi Ottonis" married "uxorem…sibi traditam cum magna gloria in Verdn"[500]. Both sources say that she was childless. She is also referred to in three charters, the first in which Pope Innocent III summoned Otto II to treat his wife with love, the second dealing with an attempt to murder Ada, the third Otto´s participation in a crusade hoping that God will favour him with the birth of an heir[501]. [Alternative possible marriages: m ([1171/75]) as his second wife, OTTO I Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of ALBRECHT "der Bär" Markgraf von Brandenburg [Ballenstedt] & his wife Sophie von Winzenburg ([1126/28]-7 Mar 1184, bur Kloster Lehnin), or m OTTO II Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of OTTO I Markgraf von Brandenburg & his first wife Judyta of Poland (-4 Jul 1205, bur Kloster Lehnin)].

9. MARGARETA (-after 1203). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum succedentem comitem Hollandie, Wilhelmum comitem Orientalis Frisie, Florencium prepositum Traiecetensis ecclesie, Robertum presidium Kenemarie, Beatricem, Elizabeth, Adelheydim et Margaretam comitissam Clivie" as the children of Count Floris III & his wife[502]. The Annales Egmundani record the marriage in 1182 of "filiam comitis Florentii et comitissæ Adæ, Margaretam" and "Theodericus comes de Cleve"[503]. "Theodericus Hollandie comes…comitis Florentii et Ade comitisse filius" donated property at Poeldijk bij Naaldwijk to the church of St Maria, Utrecht by charter dated 1198, in the presence of "Ada mater mea, Willelmus frater meus comes Frisie, Margareta soror mea, Florentius frater meus…"[504]. m (1182) DIETRICH [III] Graf von Kleve, son of DIETRICH [II] Graf von Kleve & his wife Adelheid von Sulzbach (-[27 Mar 1200/1203]).

10. HEDWIG (-13 Jan ----, bur Haarlem). Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "Id Ian" of "Hathewidis filia Florencii" and her burial at Haarlem[505].

11. AGNES (-22 Apr 1228). Abbess of Rijnsburg 1205. She is named in Europäische Stammtafeln[506] as daughter of Count Dirk VI, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.

WILLEM of Holland, son of FLORIS III Count of Holland & his wife Ada of Scotland (-4 Feb 1222). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum succedentem comitem Hollandie, Wilhelmum comitem Orientalis Frisie, Florencium prepositum Traiecetensis ecclesie, Robertum presidium Kenemarie, Beatricem, Elizabeth, Adelheydim et Margaretam comitissam Clivie" as the children of Count Floris III & his wife[507]. "Theodericus Hollandie comes…comitis Florentii et Ade comitisse filius" donated property at Poeldijk bij Naaldwijk to the church of St Maria, Utrecht by charter dated 1198, in the presence of "Ada mater mea, Willelmus frater meus comes Frisie, Margareta soror mea, Florentius frater meus…"[508]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Wilhelmum comitem" was received "in Orientalis Frisia" after his marriage[509]. The Gesta Episcopum Traiectensium names "Theodericum comitem Hollandie fratrem suum Wilhelmum" when recording the disagreement between the two brothers[510]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Wilhelmus comes Orientalis Frisie" conspired after the death of his brother Count Dirk VII in 1203, with the support of "Florencius frater suus Traiectensis prepositus, Otto comes de Benthem ipsius patruus" and others, against "Ludovicum comitem de Loon…ac Adelheidim Hollandie viduam"[511]. He succeeded his niece in 1203 as WILLEM I Count of Holland. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Wilhelmus comes Orientalis Frisie" conspired after the death of his brother Count Dirk VII in 1203, with the support of "Florencius frater suus Traiectensis prepositus, Otto comes de Benthem ipsius patruus" and others, against "Ludovicum comitem de Loon…ac Adelheidim Hollandie viduam", in a later passage recording that "Ludovicus comes de Loen" was defeated and expelled from Holland, after which Willem succeeded as count[512]. Matthew Paris records that “duos...capitaneos Willelmum...Houlandiæ ducem et comitem de Weiz Georgium” besieged “Alchaciam” after landing at Lisbon in 1217[513]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1223 II Non Feb" of Count Willem[514].

m firstly (Stavoren, Friesland 1197) ADELHEID van Gelre, daughter of OTTO I Graf van Gelre & his wife Richardis of Bavaria (-4 Feb 1218, bur Rijnsburg). The Annales Egmundani record the marriage in 1197 of "Wilhelmum fratrem Theoderici comitis" and "filiam comitis Ottonis [Pictavis Aquisgrani]"[515]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of "Wilhelmum comitem" and "Otto comes…Adelheidem suam filiam", specifying that it was celebrated "in Stavria"[516]. The Gesta Epsicoporum Traiectensium records the marriage of "Wilhelmum" and "Otto comes Gelrensis…filiam"[517]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1219 II Id Feb" of "comitissa" and her burial at Rijnsburg[518]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "pridie Id Feb" 1218 of "Aleidis uxor prima Wilhelmi primi comitis XII"[519].

m secondly (Jul 1220) as her second husband, MARIE de Brabant, widow of Emperor OTTO IV King of Germany, daughter of HENRI I Duke of Brabant & his first wife Mathilde de Flandre ([1191]-[9 Mar/14 Jun] 1260, bur Louvain, église collégiale de Saint Pierre). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records that "Henricus dux Brabancie…filiam suam Ottoni in uxorem dare promisit"[520]. The Chronicæ Regiæ Coloniensis record the marriage in 1214 of "Otto imperator" and "filiam ducis Brabantie"[521]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Maria imperatrix Romanorum" as the eldest of the four daughters of "Henricus dux" & his wife Mathilde[522]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that Count Willem married secondly "Mariam", but does not state her origin[523]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that Count Willem married secondly "Mariam", but does not state her origin[524]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that Marie was buried "Lovanii…in ecclesia Sancti Petri" with her husband[525].

Count Willem & his first wife had five children:

1. FLORIS (24 Jun 1210-Corbie 19 Jul 1234, bur Rijnsburg). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium Hollandie comitem, Ottonem Traiectensem pontificem, Wilhelmum presidium, Adam abbatissan Rinesburgensem et Richardim…monialem" as the children of Count Willem & his first wife[526]. He succeeded his father in 1222 as FLORIS IV Count of Holland. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Claromontensis comes" killed Count Floris "in Corbiaco XIV Kal Aug"[527]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records that "Florentius IV comes Hollandie tredecimus" was killed "XIV Kal Aug" in 1234 and buried "Reynsburch"[528]. m (Betrothed 5 Nov 1214, 5 Dec 1224) as her second husband, MATHILDE de Brabant, widow of HEINRICH II Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, daughter of HENRI I Duke of Brabant & his first wife Mathilde de Flandre (-22 Dec 1267, bur Loosduinen Cistercian Abbey). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Mariam, conthoralem Ottonis Quartus Romanorum imperatoris, Aleydam comitssam Auernie, Margaretam comitissam Gerardi comitis Ghelrie et Mechteldim, primo quidem comitissam Palatinam Rheni, postea…comitissam Hollandie" as the daughters of "Henricus…primus, dux Lotharingie" and his wife "Mechteldim, filiam Mathei Boloniensis comitis"[529]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Machtildem [uxor] Florentius comes Hollandie" as the fourth of the four daughters of "Henricus dux" and his wife Mathilde[530]. The marriage contract of "Mathildam filiam Henrici ducis Lotharingiæ" and "filium Willelmi comitis Hollandiæ Florentium primogenitum" is dated 5 Nov 1214[531]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Floris IV and "Machtildim filiam Henrici ducis Brabancie"[532]. "…Machtildis comitissa, Richard soror comitis" witnessed the charter dated 1231 under which Floris IV Count of Holland confirmed rights of Rijnsburg abbey[533]. "Mathildis comitissa Hollandiæ" donated property to Afflighem abbey, where she and "due filie mee…Aleidis et Margareta" elected their burial, by charter dated Sep 1244[534]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1267 VI Kal Ian" of "Machtildis comitissa" and her burial "apud puellæ cystersiensis ordinis Losdunensis monasterii"[535]. Count Floris IV & his wife had [five] children:

a) WILLEM (1227-killed in battle near Hoogwoude 28 Jan 1256, bur 1262 Middleburg). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Wilhelmum Romanorum regem, Florencium presidem, Adelheidim Hannonie, et Machtildim Hennenbergie comitissas" as children of Count Floris IV & his wife[536]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Willelmum regem Romanorum et Florentium et Aleydem comitissam Hanonie et Margaretam comitissam de Hinneberga" as children of "Florentius comes Hollandie" & his wife Mathilde[537]. He succeeded his father in 1234 as WILLEM II Count of Holland. Elected King of Germany in 1247.

- see below.

b) FLORIS “de Voogd” (-Antwerpen 26 Mar 1258, bur Middelburg). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Wilhelmum Romanorum regem, Florencium presidem, Adelheidim Hannonie, et Machtildim Hennenbergie comitissas" as children of Count Floris IV & his wife[538]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Willelmum regem Romanorum et Florentium et Aleydem comitissam Hanonie et Margaretam comitissam de Hinneberga" as children of "Florentius comes Hollandie" & his wife Mathilde[539]. The Annales Blandinienses names "Florentii fratris suis [=Willelmi regis Alemannie"[540]. Regent of Holland 1248-1258. His forces defeated Guy Count of Flanders in Jul 1253 at Westkappel, on the island of Walcheren, after he invaded Holland in Jul 1253[541].

c) ALEIDE (-[1 Mar/7 Apr] 1284). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Wilhelmum Romanorum regem, Florencium presidem, Adelheidim Hannonie, et Machtildim Hennenbergie comitissas" as children of Count Floris IV & his wife[542]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Willelmum regem Romanorum et Florentium et Aleydem comitissam Hanonie et Margaretam comitissam de Hinneberga" as children of "Florentius comes Hollandie" & his wife Mathilde[543]. "Mathildis comitissa Hollandiæ" donated property to Afflighem abbey, where she and "due filie mee…Aleidis et Margareta" elected their burial, by charter dated Sep 1244[544]. Regent of Holland 1258-1263. The testament of "Aleidis germana felicis recordationis domini Willelmi Romanorum regis et uxor condam domini Johannis de Avennis" is dated 18 Oct 1271 and provides for religious donations[545]. m (9 Oct 1246) JEAN d’Avesnes, son of BOUCHARD d'Avesnes & his wife Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders, Ctss de Hainaut (1 May 1218-24 Dec 1257, bur Valenciennes). He succeeded in 1246 as JEAN I Comte de Hainaut.

i) JEAN de Hainaut (1247-22 Aug 1304). He succeeded his mother in 1280 as JEAN II Comte de Hainaut. He succeeded in 1299 as JAN II Count of Holland. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the succession in 1299 of "Iohannes comes Hannoniensis filius Adelheydis sororis Wilhelmi regis" as Count of Holland[546].

- see below, Chapter 2.

ii) other children – COMTES DE HAINAUT.

d) MARGARETA (-26 Mar 1277, bur Kloster Losduinen). The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Willelmum regem Romanorum et Florentium et Aleydem comitissam Hanonie et Margaretam comitissam de Hinneberga" as children of "Florentius comes Hollandie" & his wife Mathilde[547]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Wilhelmum Romanorum regem, Florencium presidem, Adelheidim Hannonie, et Machtildim Hennenbergie comitissas" as children of Count Floris IV & his wife, "Machtildim" presumably being an error for "Margaretam"[548]. "Mathildis comitissa Hollandiæ" donated property to Afflighem abbey, where she and "due filie mee…Aleidis et Margareta" elected their burial, by charter dated Sep 1244[549]. "Wilhelmus…Romanorum rex" granted property to "comiti Hermanno de Henneberg…sororio nostro Margaretam…sororem nostram" on their marriage by charter dated 12 Jul 1249[550]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "ipso die parasceve" in 1276 of "Margreta de Hennenbergh comitissa, soror regis Wilhelmi peperit filios et filias 364…sepulta in Lausdunis"[551]. m (Mainz 23 May 1249) HERMANN [I] Graf von Henneberg in Coburg, Schmalkalden, Eisfeld und Hildburghausen, son of POPPO [VII] Graf von Henneberg & his second wife Jutta von Thüringen (-Aschach 18 Dec 1290, bur Kloster Frauenrod). "Hermannus comes de Hayneburg...Boppone", on his behalf and on behalf of “Boppone filio nostro...Othone marchione Brandenburgensi et Jutta filia nostra eiusdem marchionis uxore”, the hereditary rights of “domina Margareta quondam uxor nostra materque dictorum Bopponis et Jutte” in “comitatu Hollandie” to “domino Johanni de Avesnis comiti Hannonie” by charter dated Aug 1281[552].

e) [RIKARDE (-after 28 Jan 1256). After recording the death of Willem II Count of Holland, King of Germany, the Chronologia Johannes de Beke states that "domicella Richardis" founded the convent of "Campus Regalis" for the soul of "fratris sui sepedicti regis"[553]. This is the only reference so far found to this sister Rikarde.]

2. OTTO (-3 Apr 1249, bur Utrecht Cathedral). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium Hollandie comitem, Ottonem Traiectensem pontificem, Wilhelmum presidium, Adam abbatissan Rinesburgensem et Richardim…monialem" as the children of Count Willem & his first wife[554]. Regent of Holland 1238-39. Bishop of Utrecht 1245. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Otto des graven van Hollant sonne" was installed as thirty-sixth bishop of Utrecht in 1233, died 4 Apr 1249 and was buried in Utrecht cathedral[555]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1249 II Non Apr" of "Otto Traiectensis episcopus" and his burial "apud ecclesiam maiorem"[556].

3. WILLEM (-30 Aug 1238). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium Hollandie comitem, Ottonem Traiectensem pontificem, Wilhelmum presidium, Adam abbatissan Rinesburgensem et Richardim…monialem" as the children of Count Willem & his first wife[557]. The Annales Stadenses record that "Willehelmus frater comitis Hollandiæ" was killed in a tournament in 1238[558]. Regent of Holland 1234-1238. "Wilhelmus tutor Hollandiæ" donated property, to which "fratris nostri et beatæ memoriæ comitis Hollandiæ" was connected, by charter dated 1 Apr 1235[559].

4. ADA (-15 Jun 1258). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium Hollandie comitem, Ottonem Traiectensem pontificem, Wilhelmum presidium, Adam abbatissan Rinesburgensem et Richardim…monialem" as the children of Count Willem & his first wife[560]. Abbess at Rijnsburg 1239.

5. RIKARDE (-3 Jan 1262, bur Camp). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium Hollandie comitem, Ottonem Traiectensem pontificem, Wilhelmum presidium, Adam abbatissan Rinesburgensem et Richardim…monialem" as the children of Count Willem & his first wife[561]. "…Machtildis comitissa, Richard soror comitis" witnessed the charter dated 1231 under which Floris IV Count of Holland confirmed rights of Rijnsburg abbey[562]. "Rikardis domicella Hollandiæ" donated property to Loosduinen convent, for the souls of "patris et matris meæ nec non et fratrum meorum", by charter dated 28 Oct 1250[563]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death in 1262 and burial "in monasterio Campi regis…III Non Jan", which she founded, of "Richardis filia [Wilhelmus I frater Theoderici comes Hollandie XII]"[564].

WILLEM of Holland, son of FLORIS IV Count of Holland & his wife Mathilde de Brabant (1227-killed in battle near Hoogwoude 28 Jan 1256, bur 1282 Middleburg Abbey). The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Willelmum regem Romanorum et Florentium et Aleydem comitissam Hanonie et Margaretam comitissam de Hinneberga" as children of "Florentius comes Hollandie" & his wife Mathilde[565]. He succeeded his father in 1234 as WILLEM II Count of Holland. After the death in Feb 1247 of Heinrich Raspe anti-King of Germany, Landgraf of Thuringia, Count Willem's maternal uncle Henri II Duke of Brabant proposed him as successor after declining the position himself[566]. He was elected WILHELM King of Germany at Worringen 3 Oct 1247, after Köln refused admittance, by the archbishops of Köln, Mainz and Trier and recognised by Pope Innocent IV as rex Romanorum 8 Nov 1247[567]. He appointed an imperial vicar in Lombardy and received allegiance from Burgundy[568]. In autumn 1248, he conquered the cities of Kaiserswerth, Dortmund and Aachen and was crowned at Aachen 1 Nov 1248 by the archbishop of Köln[569]. His support within Germany was largely limited to the Rhineland and Swabia until 1252/53 when Pope Innocent IV attracted northern German princes to his cause, by negotiating Willem's marriage to the daughter of the Duke of Brunswick, granting the Markgrafen of Brandenburg the advocacy of the city of Lübeck which enjoyed customs exemptions in Holland, and granting the Duke of Saxony the right of investiture in the bishoprics of Lübeck, Ratzeburg and Schwerin. Willem was re-elected King of Germany in Brunswick 25 Mar 1252 with support from these three principalities[570]. He supported his brother-in-law Jean I Comte de Hainaut in 1253 when Charles Duc d'Anjou subjugated the county on behalf of Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders. After military conflict was avoided, a truce was negotiated between all parties 26 Jul 1254 including an agreement to submit the dispute to Louis IX King of France for adjudication[571]. The death of his rival King Konrad in 1254 resulted in many cities supporting Count Willem, in return for confirmation of their privileges[572]. However, in 1252 Willem lost the support of the archbishop of Mainz by confirming Sophie of Thuringia in possession of Hessian lands in his province, of the archbishop of Trier over a dispute over the king's obligation to pay tolls in Trier territory, and of the archbishop of Köln who formed an offensive alliance with Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders and Charles Comte d'Anjou and in 1254 conducted secret negotiations to replace Willem by Otakar King of Bohemia[573]. He died during a campaign against the Frisians who surprised and killed him after he fell through ice[574]. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 1255 of "Willelmus comes Hollandie" killed "mense Ianuario" by the Frisians[575]. After recording his death, the Chronologia Johannes de Beke states that "domicella Richardis" founded the convent of "Campus Regalis" for the soul of "fratris sui sepedicti regis"[576].

m (Braunschweig 25 Jan 1252) ELISABETH von Braunschweig, daughter of OTTO I “dem Kind” Herzog von Braunschweig & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg [Askanier] (-27 May 1266, bur Middelburg). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Willem and "Elisabeth filiam ducis de Brunswijc"[577]. Her parentage is confirmed by the Cronica Principum Saxonie which names (in order) "Mechtildim…Helenam…Alheidem…Helenam" as the daughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that the second "Helenam" (an error for "Elisabetham") married "Wilhelmus de Hollandia rex"[578]. The date is supplied by the Annales Erphordenses which record the marriage "1252 VIII Kal Feb in beati Pauli Brunswic" of "filiam ducis Brunswicensis" and "rex Wilhelmus"[579]. This marriage was arranged by Pope Innocent IV to attract support for the papal party from princes in northern Germany, which had until then remained in the Hohenstaufen camp[580]. In 1255, she was captured by Hermann von Rietburg, robbed and imprisoned in the castle of Rietburg, although freed 4 Dec 1255[581]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death in 1266 of "matrona Elizabeth Romanorum regina" and her burial at Middelburg monastery[582]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "VI Kal Jun" 1266 of "Elizabeth regina mater Florentii unigeniti" and her burial "Middelburch"[583].

Mistress (1): ---.

Count Willem II & his wife had two children:

1. FLORIS (Jul 1254-murdered Utrecht 27 Jun 1296, bur Rijnsburg Monastery). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Florencium" as son of Count Willem & his wife[584]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Florencium comitem Hollandie" as the son of "Wilhelmus de Hollandia rex" & his wife[585]. He succeeded his father in 1256 as FLORIS V Count of Holland. He was a claimant to the throne of Scotland in 1291, through his great-grandmother, first in order on the Great Roll of Scotland. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the murder "Traiectum…1296 V Kal Iul" of Count Floris by "Gerardus de Velsen" and his burial in Rijnsburg monastery[586]. m ([1270]) BEATRIX de Flandre, daughter of GUY Count of Flanders & his first wife Mathilde de Béthune (1260-23 Mar 1296). The Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ refers to the three (unnamed) daughters of "Guido…ex Mathilde filia Roberti Tenremontensis", specifying that one (listed second) married "Florentie comiti Hollandie"[587]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Floris and "Beatricem filiam Guidonis Flandrensis comitis"[588]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1296 X Kal Aug" of "Beatricem conthoralem suam"[589]. Count Floris V & his wife had eleven children:

a) DIRK (-young). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum, Florencium, Wilhelmum, Ottonem, Wilhelmum, Florencium et Iohannem Hollandie comitem, Beatricem, Machtildim, Elizabeth et Margaretam Anglie reginam" as children of Count Floris & his wife[590].

b) FLORIS (-young). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum, Florencium, Wilhelmum, Ottonem, Wilhelmum, Florencium et Iohannem Hollandie comitem, Beatricem, Machtildim, Elizabeth et Margaretam Anglie reginam" as children of Count Floris & his wife[591].

c) WILLEM (-young). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum, Florencium, Wilhelmum, Ottonem, Wilhelmum, Florencium et Iohannem Hollandie comitem, Beatricem, Machtildim, Elizabeth et Margaretam Anglie reginam" as children of Count Floris & his wife[592].

d) OTTO (-young). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum, Florencium, Wilhelmum, Ottonem, Wilhelmum, Florencium et Iohannem Hollandie comitem, Beatricem, Machtildim, Elizabeth et Margaretam Anglie reginam" as children of Count Floris & his wife[593].

e) WILLEM (-young). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum, Florencium, Wilhelmum, Ottonem, Wilhelmum, Florencium et Iohannem Hollandie comitem, Beatricem, Machtildim, Elizabeth et Margaretam Anglie reginam" as children of Count Floris & his wife[594].

f) FLORIS (-young). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum, Florencium, Wilhelmum, Ottonem, Wilhelmum, Florencium et Iohannem Hollandie comitem, Beatricem, Machtildim, Elizabeth et Margaretam Anglie reginam" as children of Count Floris & his wife[595].

g) BEATRIX (-young). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum, Florencium, Wilhelmum, Ottonem, Wilhelmum, Florencium et Iohannem Hollandie comitem, Beatricem, Machtildim, Elizabeth et Margaretam Anglie reginam" as children of Count Floris & his wife[596].

h) MECHTILD (-young). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum, Florencium, Wilhelmum, Ottonem, Wilhelmum, Florencium et Iohannem Hollandie comitem, Beatricem, Machtildim, Elizabeth et Margaretam Anglie reginam" as children of Count Floris & his wife[597].

i) ELISABETH (-young). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum, Florencium, Wilhelmum, Ottonem, Wilhelmum, Florencium et Iohannem Hollandie comitem, Beatricem, Machtildim, Elizabeth et Margaretam Anglie reginam" as children of Count Floris & his wife[598].

j) MARGARETA (-after 12 Aug 1284). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum, Florencium, Wilhelmum, Ottonem, Wilhelmum, Florencium et Iohannem Hollandie comitem, Beatricem, Machtildim, Elizabeth et Margaretam Anglie reginam" as children of Count Floris & his wife[599], the reference to “Anglie reginam” being explained by her betrothal. Floris V Count of Holland betrothed "Margaretam filiam nostram" to “domino Edwardo...regi Anglie...domino Alfonso eius filio” by charter dated 5 Jul 1281[600]. Floris V Count of Holland agreed the dowry for the marriage of "Edwardi regis Anglorum...dominum Alfonsum dicti domini regis primogenitum" and “Margaretam filiam nostram” by charter dated 12 Aug 1283, which also provides for the marriage between “Johannis filii nostri” and “eius filiam”[601]. Betrothed (5 Jul 1281) to ALFONSO of England, son of EDWARD I King of England & his first wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla (Bayonne or Bordeaux or in Maine 24 Nov 1275-Windsor Castle 19 Aug 1284, bur Westminster Abbey).

k) JAN (before 12 Aug 1283-Haarlem 10 Nov 1299). He succeeded his father in 1296 as JAN I Count of Holland, under the guardianship of Wolfart van Borselen who was murdered in 1298 on the orders of Jean Comte de Hainaut who seized Count Jan and his wife and succeeded as guardian. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1299 IV Kal Nov apud Harlem" of "Iohannes domicellus"[602]. Count Jan died of a gastric complaint, allegedly poisoned by Comte Jean who succeeded him as Count of Holland[603]. m (Betrothed 1285, Ipswich Priory Church, Suffolk 18 Jan 1297) as her first husband, ELIZABETH of England, daughter of EDWARD I “Longshanks” King of England & his first wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla (Rhuddlan Castle, Flintshire Aug 1282-Quendon, Essex [5] May 1316, bur Walden Abbey, Essex). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the birth "apud Rothelan" in 1282 of "filiam…Elizabetham" to "Alienora regina Angliæ"[604]. Floris V Count of Holland agreed the dowry for the marriage of "Edwardi regis Anglorum...dominum Alfonsum dicti domini regis primogenitum" and “Margaretam filiam nostram” by charter dated 12 Aug 1283, which also provides for the marriage between “Johannis filii nostri” and “eius filiam”[605]. The marriage contract between "Edwardum...regem Anglie...filie sue Elizabethe" and “dominum Florentium comitem Hollandie...Johannis filii sui primogeniti” is dated 1285[606]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Jan and "Elizabeth…Eduardi regis filia", recording in a later passage that she returned to England after her husband died and married (secondly) "comes Erffordie"[607]. She married secondly (Papal dispensation 10 Aug 1302, Westminster Abbey 14 Nov 1302) Humphrey [VIII] de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex. The dispensation for the marriage of “Humfrido comiti Herefordensi” and “Elizabetæ natæ...Edvardi regis Angliæ...relictæ quondam Johannis comitis Hollandiæ” is dated 10 Aug 1302[608]. The Annales Londonienses record the marriage "in festo Sanctæ Katerinæ…apud Caversham juxta Redyng" in 1302 of "Margareta filia regis Angliæ, comitissa Hoylandiæ et Salondiæ" and "domino Humfrido de Bohun comiti Herefordiæ"[609]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Jan and "Elizabeth…Eduardi regis filia", recording in a later passage that she returned to England after her husband died and married (secondly) "comes Erffordie"[610]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that “Humfredus octavus de Bohun, comes Herefordiæ et Essex, constabularius Angliæ et dominus Breconiæ” married “Elizabetham filiam regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici tertii”, adding that she was buried “apud Waldene”[611]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the birth “apud Quenden” of “quædam filia” to “Humfridus de Bohun” and his wife “Elizabethæ…regis Angliæ Edwardi…filiæ” during whose birth her mother died, and in a later passage her burial at Waldon[612].

Count Floris V had [seven] illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

l) WITTE ([1280/82]-[6 Jan/26 Dec] 1321). Heer van Haamstede. Willem II Count of Holland granted property in “Schouwes”, given by “die Grave Jan onsen...neven” to “Heeren Witte synes broeder”, and held by “Heer Jans van Renesse ende zyne broedere, ende Vrouwe Margrieta hoire moeder, ende Jans van Haemstede”, by charter dated 20 May 1313[613]. m (before 1307) AGNES van der Sluis, daughter of ARNOLD van der Sluis & his wife Agnes van der Lecke. Willem III Count of Holland granted “onse vooghedie van ‘s Heren Witten kinderen van Haemstede” to “Veren Agnesen der Vrouwen van Haemsteden” by charter dated 26 Dec 1321[614]. Witte & his wife had children:

i) FLORIS van Haamstede (-killed in battle Staveren 27 Sep 1345). Heer van Haamstede. Willem III Count of Holland granted revenue to “Florens van Haemstede onsen neve”, at the request of “Joncvrouwe Goeden syne wyve, Jans dochter van Berghen”, by charter dated 28 Jul 1327[615]. m GOEDE van Berghen, daughter of JAN van Haarlem & his wife Jutta Persijn. Willem III Count of Holland granted revenue to “Florens van Haemstede onsen neve”, at the request of “Joncvrouwe Goeden syne wyve, Jans dochter van Berghen”, by charter dated 28 Jul 1327[616].

- HEREN van HAAMSTEDE[617].

m) CATHARINA bastaarde van Holland (-after 12 Aug 1328). A charter dated 21 Apr 1301 confirmed that “Zueder Borgraeve van Montforde, Knaepe” had married “Joncvrauwen Catheryne” and granted her property “in Blocklant” as dower[618]. An “oude Chronyk van Montfoort” records that “De rycke Heer Sweer” had a wife “geboren van een Grave van Hollandt, ende van een dochter van Engelandt” by whom he had two sons “die oudste...Hendrik, ende die andere Willem, van de welken gebooren werden Hendrik de Rover, ende die oude Juffrou tot Haestrecht, ende die Juffrou van Winsen”[619]. m (before 21 Apr 1301) ZWEDER [I] Burggraaf van Montfoort, son of --- (-[28 May 1329/2 Jan 1331]).

n) GERHARD (-before 28 Jul 1327).

o) WILLEM . 1318/1343.

p) ALIDA .

q) PIETER . 1350.

r) [DIRK .]

2. [MECHTILD . 1256. She is named in Europäische Stammtafeln[620] as daughter of Count Willem II, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. On the other hand, Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "VI Kal Jun" 1266 of "Elizabeth regina mater Florentii unigeniti", indicating that King Wilhelm and his wife had only one child[621].]

Count Willem II had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

3. DIRK (-[1312]). Commander of the Teutonic Knights at Utrecht. “Broeder Dirck van Hollant, Commenduyr van Covelents, en Lantcommanduyr ‘s Duytsen huys van Utrecht” donated a chapel in the church of Leiden, at the request of “Grave Willaems van Hollant”, by charter dated 11 Oct 1303[622].

Chapter 3. COUNTS OF HOLLAND 1299-1354 (AVESNES)

The details of this family are more fully set out in the document HAINAUT.

JEAN d'Avesnes, son of JEAN I Comte de Hainaut & his wife Aleide of Holland (1247-22 Aug 1304). He succeeded his mother in 1280 as JEAN II Comte de Hainaut. He succeeded in 1299 as JAN II Count of Holland. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the succession in 1299 of "Iohannes comes Hannoniensis filius Adelheydis sororis Wilhelmi regis" as Count of Holland[623].

1. GUILLAUME ([1286]-7 Jun 1337). He succeeded his father in 1304 as GUILLAUME III Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM III Count of Holland.

a) MARGUERITE de Hainaut (1311-Le Quesnoy 23 Jun 1356, bur Valenciennes). The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the marriage in 1324 of "Rex Ludwicus" and "filiam Comitis Holandiæ"[624]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records the marriage "apud Aquisgranum" of "Wilhelmus comes Hollandie…Margaretam filiam suam" and "Ludovico duci Bavarie, imperatori Romanorum"[625]. She succeeded her brother in 1345 as MARGUERITE II Ctss de Hainaut, MARGARETA Ctss of Holland and Zeeland 1345, abdicated 7 Dec 1354. m (Keulen 25 or 26 Feb 1324) as his second wife, LUDWIG IV Duke of Bavaria King of Germany, son of LUDWIG II "der Strenge" Joint-Duke of Bavaria & his third wife Mechtild von Habsburg (Munich 1 Apr 1282-Fürstenfeld near Munich 11 Oct 1347). Crowned King of Italy at Milan 31 May 1327. Crowned Emperor LUDWIG at Rome 17 Jan 1328.

b) GUILLAUME (1317-killed in battle 26 Sep 1345). He succeeded his father 1337 as GUILLAUME IV Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM IV Count of Holland.

c) other children: - see HAINAUT.

2. other children: - see HAINAUT.

Chapter 4. COUNTS OF HOLLAND 1349-1433 (WITTELSBACH)

The details of this family are more fully set out in the documents BAVARIA and HAINAUT.

MARGUERITE de Hainaut, daughter of GUILLAUME Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM III Count of Holland & his wife (1311-Le Quesnoy 23 Jun 1356, bur Valenciennes). She succeeded her brother in 1345 as MARGUERITE II Ctss de Hainaut, MARGARETA Ctss of Holland and Zeeland 1345, abdicated 7 Dec 1354.

m (Köln 25 Feb 1324) as his second wife, LUDWIG IV Duke of Bavaria King of Germany, son of LUDWIG II "der Strenge" Joint-Duke of Bavaria & his third wife Mechtild von Habsburg ([Feb/Mar] 1282-Puch bei Fürstenfeldbruck 11 Oct 1347, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau). Crowned King of Italy at Milan 31 May 1327. Crowned Emperor LUDWIG[626] at Rome 17 Jan 1328. In 1329, he agreed the Convention of Pavia with his nephews Rudolf II and Ruprecht I under which the latter jointly received the Palatinate while Ludwig IV continued as sole ruler of Upper Bavaria.

1. other children: see BAVARIA.

2. WILHELM (Frankfurt-am-Main 12 May 1330-Le Quesnoy 15 Apr 1388, bur Valenciennes). He succeeded his father in 1347 as WILHELM I joint-Duke of Bavaria. He and his brothers partitioned their territories in 1349, Duke Wilhelm keeping Lower Bavaria jointly. He succeeded his mother in 1349 as WILLEM V Count of Holland and Zeeland, but she retook control of these territories in 1350. Willem took up arms against his mother, finally forcing her to yield 7 Dec 1354. Count Willem’s succession in Holland was, according to his father’s wishes, joint with his brother Albrecht. However, the Dutch refused to accept this and in practice Willem governed alone. As a result of a further partition in 1353, he received Straubing jointly with his brother Albrecht. He was confirmed 26 Feb 1357 as GUILLAUME V Comte de Hainaut, following the death of his mother. He became insane in [1356/57], and was detained at the château du Quesnoy in 1358.

3. ALBRECHT von Bayern (Munich 25 Jul 1336-The Hague 13 Dec 1404, bur The Hague). He succeeded his mother 1349 as ALBERT Count of Holland and Zeeland, jointly with his brother Willem. He succeeded on the death of his brother in 1388 as ALBERT Comte de Hainaut, Count of Holland and Zeeland.

- see below.

ALBRECHT von Bayern, son of Emperor LUDWIG IV Duke of Bavaria, King of Germany & his second wife Marguerite Ctss de Hainaut, Ctss of Holland (Munich 25 Jul 1336-The Hague 13 Dec 1404, bur The Hague). He succeeded his father in 1347 as ALBRECHT I joint-Duke of Bavaria. He and his brothers partitioned their territories in 1349, he kept Lower Bavaria jointly. He succeeded his mother 1349 as ALBRECHT Count of Holland and Zeeland, jointly with his brother Willem. However, the Dutch refused to accept this and in practice Willem governed alone. As a result of a further partition in 1353, he received Straubing jointly with his brother Wilhelm. Named Protector of Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland in 1358, on behalf of his brother who had become insane. Emperor Karl IV invested him with the Counties of Holland, Zeeland, Friesland and Hainaut, but this remained unrecognised by the population. He only succeeded on the death of his brother in 1388 as ALBERT Comte de Hainaut, Count of Holland and Zeeland.

1. other children: - see HAINAUT.

2. GUILLAUME de Hainaut (5 Apr 1365-château de Bouchain 30 May 1417, bur Valenciennes). He succeeded his father in 1404 as GUILLAUME VI Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM VI Count of Holland, WILHELM II Graf von Straubing.

a) JACQUELINE (chr Le Quesnoy 16 Aug 1401-murdered Schloß Teilingen 8/9 Oct 1436, bur The Hague). She succeeded her father in 1417 as JACQUELINE Ctss de Hainaut, JACOBA Ctss of Holland and Zeeland, but this was disputed by her uncle. He transferred Hainaut to her 13 Feb 1419, in return for the right to retain the other counties for 12 years, but she retook these on his death in 1425. Deposed 12 Apr 1433. She was succeeded by Philippe "le Bon" Duke of Burgundy, who had been Regent of Holland 1428-1433, and was Count of Holland 1433-1467.

Chapter 5. GRAVEN van BETUWE

The four "Frankish" counties of Teisterband, Betuwe, Duffel and Nijmegen lay south of the river Rhine but north of the river Maas. The county of Betuwe (Batua) was north of the river Waal to the east of the county of Teisterband[627].

1. ANSFRID [I] (-after 868). Graaf van Betuwe. "Folcherus" donated property "…in Batuue in comitatu Ansfridi…" to Werden abbey by charter dated 10 Nov 855[628]. "Ansfridus…comes…et Hildiwardus filius meus" donated property "in pago Darnau, in marca vel villa Sodoia…super fluvium Geldiun, in comitatu Giselberti" to Lorsch by charter dated 5 Oct 863[629]. "Ansfridus…comes palatii" is named in 868, presumably in reference to the palace of Nijmegen[630]. m ---. The name of Ansfrid's wife is not known. Ansfrid & his wife had one child:

a) HILDIWARD (-after 5 Oct 863). The Chronicon Laureshamense records the donation dated 5 Oct 863 by "Ansfridus comes…et Hildiwardus filius meus"[631].

1. RICFRIED [Dodo] (-before 950). The Memorial of "Ricfridus hoc nomine Dodo vocatus…comes" names "presul Baldricus…preses Rodolphus…rector Yrimfredus pariterque comes Nevelongus" as his children and "Herisindæ" as their mother, recording that she was buried with her husband[632]. Graaf van Betuwe: "Zuendeboldus…rex" gave "villam ex nostra abbatial Capremons dicta Ren…ex sua proprietate in pago Battauui in comitatu Dodonis" to "nostro comiti Folcberto" by charter dated 11 Jul 897[633]. m HERENSINDA, daughter of ---. The Memorial of "Ricfridus hoc nomine Dodo vocatus…comes" names "presul Baldricus…preses Rodolphus…rector Yrimfredus pariterque comes Nevelongus" as his children and "Herisindæ" as their mother, recording that she was buried with her husband[634]. Ricfried & his wife had five children:

a) EHRENFRIED (-1 Nov ----). The Memorial of "Ricfridus hoc nomine Dodo vocatus…comes" names "presul Baldricus…preses Rodolphus…rector Yrimfredus pariterque comes Nevelongus" as his children and "Herisindæ" as their mother[635]. [same person as…? ANSFRID [II] (-after 969). A charter of Lorsch dated 969 refers to property "in pago Dehsendron in præfidatu Ansfridi comitis"[636].] Vanderkindere suggests that Ansfrid [II] was the maternal, not paternal, uncle of Ansfrid [III], and that he was the same person as Ehrenfried, son of Ricfrid[637], which would require a loose interpretation of Thietmar who refers to the "like-named paternal uncle ("patruo") of Count Ansfrid" who held fifteen countships[638]. It also assumes that Ehrenfried, son of Ricfried, was the same person as Ehrenfried, count in several different counties, who is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[639] as son of Eberhard Graf im Bonngau and ancestor of the Pfalzgrafen von Lothringen (see the document GERMANY EARLY NOBILITY).]

b) NIBELUNG (-before 953). The Memorial of "Ricfridus hoc nomine Dodo vocatus…comes" names "presul Baldricus…preses Rodolphus…rector Yrimfredus pariterque comes Nevelongus" as his children and "Herisindæ" as their mother[640]. Graaf van Betuwe 943. m --- de Hainaut, daughter of REGINAR [II] Comte de Hainaut & his wife ---. Her origin is deduced from the Gesta Abbatum Gemblacensium referring to "Raginero comiti…Longicollus" as "primi Baldrici Leodicensium episcopi avunculus"[641], although it appears chronologically more likely that "Raginero" was Reginar [III] rather than his paternal grandfather Reginar [I], an interpretation which appears confirmed by the same source recording the death in battle at Florennes of "Lantbertum comitem filium Ragineri Longicolli"[642]. This assumes that "primi Baldrici" was the bishop whose installation in 955 is recorded in the following paragraph of the Gesta[643], which also appears correct from the context. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 943 under which “Baldricus...Traiectensis ecclæsie...presul...per manus advocati mei Folberti”, addressing [her as] “nobilissime probateque Deo sacrate” [unnamed], granted “res...de abbatia...Hereberc...mansos...Rura, Liethorp, Linne, Sulethum, Flothorp, Ascolon, Malicalieol, Curnelo” to “filius vester...Baldricus in vita sua...post eum Rodulfus frater suus”, for the souls of “genitoris nostri Raineri comitis et insuper Nevelungi senioris vestri”[644]. 958. Nibelung & his wife had [three] children:

i) RUDOLF (-after 24 Jun 943). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 943 under which [his paternal uncle] “Baldricus...Traiectensis ecclæsie...presul...per manus advocati mei Folberti”, addressing [Rudolf´s mother as] “nobilissime probateque Deo sacrate” [unnamed], granted “res...de abbatia...Hereberc...mansos...Rura, Liethorp, Linne, Sulethum, Flothorp, Ascolon, Malicalieol, Curnelo” to “filius vester...Baldricus in vita sua...post eum Rodulfus frater suus”, for the souls of “genitoris nostri Raineri comitis et insuper Nevelungi senioris vestri”[645]. Mantelius says that Rudolf was the son of Reginar [II] Comte de Hainaut, cited in charters until 24 Jan 966 (see the document HAINAUT)[646]. He does not cite the primary source on which he bases this assertion, but his work on the early generations of the Looz family does not inspire confidence as his reconstruction is inconsistent with the primary sources which are quoted under the Comtes de Looz (follow the hyperlink). The connection between this Rudolf and the county of Looz has not been confirmed. The question is confused by Vanderkindere’s suggestion that he married the daughter of Immo [Comte de Liège], which he proposed to explain the transmission of the name “Immo/Emmo” into the Looz family, and that the couple were parents of Giselbert Comte de Looz. However, other primary sources indicate that Giselbert was the son of Otto, which if correct means that the logical basis for Vanderkindere’s whole argument is invalid.

- COMTES de LOOZ.

ii) BALDRIC [II] (-20 Apr 959, bur Liège St Jacques). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Jun 943 under which [his paternal uncle] “Baldricus...Traiectensis ecclæsie...presul...per manus advocati mei Folberti”, addressing [Baldric´s mother as] “nobilissime probateque Deo sacrate” [unnamed], granted “res...de abbatia...Hereberc...mansos...Rura, Liethorp, Linne, Sulethum, Flothorp, Ascolon, Malicalieol, Curnelo” to “filius vester...Baldricus in vita sua...post eum Rodulfus frater suus”, for the souls of “genitoris nostri Raineri comitis et insuper Nevelungi senioris vestri”[647]. Abbot of Lobbes. The Gesta Abbatum Gemblacensium records that "Raginero comiti…Longicollus…primi Baldrici Leodicensium episcopi avunculus" granted his nephew the benefice of "abbatiam Lobiensem"[648]. Bishop of Liège 955. The Gesta Abbatum Gemblacensium records the installation of "Baldricus" as bishop of Liège in 955[649]. The Annales Lobienses record that "Ratherio" was expelled and "Baldricus" succeeded to "Leodicensium episcopium"[650]. Sigebert's Chronica records in 956 that, after "Ratherio ab episcopatu Leodicensium eiecto", “Baldricus annuente avunculo suo Raginero comite Montinese” was appointed bishop[651]. The Annales Stabulenses record the death in 959 of "Baldricus episcopus" and the succession of "Everacrus"[652]. The Annales Lobienses record the death in 959 of "Baldricus Leodicensium episcopus" and the successsion of "Everacrus"[653].

iii) [BERTA (-[30 Oct] ----). Her origin is indicated by her son Arnoul [II] Comte de Valenciennes being recorded as a relative of Baldric [II] Bishop of Liège[654], who was Berta's brother according to the reconstruction proposed in the present document. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records that "illustris femina domna Bertha vidua et Deo sacrata comitissa Flandrie" donated property to Saint-Trond on her deathbed for her burial there, and that after she died "Arnulfo...filio suo Flandrensi comiti" donated property in “villam Proviin in castellania Ylensi sitam iuxta fluvium Doulam...silvam...non longe a villa Merwel et unam decimam apud villam...Brustemium”, adding that Berta died “XVII Kal Aug” 967[655]. A charter dated 1146 confirms the donation and names “Regnier et Roger [frères d´Arnoul de Valenciennes]...comtes Eremfrid et Rodolphe [frère et neveu de Baldric Bishop of Utrecht]” as witnesses to the original charter[656]. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "III Kal Nov" of "Berte comitisse qui dedit nobis Crehem"[657], which which may refer to the wife of Comte Arnoul [I] as the deaths of her son and grandson are also recorded in the same source. m ARNOUL de Cambrai, son of [ISAAC Comte de Cambrai & his wife ---] (-967).]

c) RUDOLF . The Memorial of "Ricfridus hoc nomine Dodo vocatus…comes" names "presul Baldricus…preses Rodolphus…rector Yrimfredus pariterque comes Nevelongus" as his children and "Herisindæ" as their mother[658]. Prelate. same person as...? RAOUL (-948). Vanderkindere suggests this co-identity[659]. Bishop of Laon 936. Flodoard records in 936 that “Rodulfo eiusdem loci presbitero” was appointed to “episcopatus Laudunensis”, that he was elected “a civibus concorditer”, and consecrated by Artaud Archbishop of Reims[660]. Flodoard records in 948 the presence at the synod of Ingelheim of "Wido episcopus Suessonicus, Hildegarius quoque Belvacensis, Rodulfus Laudunensis ceterique cuncti Remensis dioceseos episcopi"[661]. Flodoard records in 948 the deaths of “episcopi Geruncus Biturigensis et Rodulfus Laudunensis”[662].

d) BALDRIC [I] (-27 Dec 975, bur Utrecht St Salvator). The Memorial of "Ricfridus hoc nomine Dodo vocatus…comes" names "presul Baldricus…preses Rodolphus…rector Yrimfredus pariterque comes Nevelongus" as his children and "Herisindæ" as their mother[663]. Bishop of Utrecht 917. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Baldricus…filius…Rixfridi comitis Clivensis" was elected Bishop of Utrecht after the death of bishop Radbod, which it dates to 917[664]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Baldericus van Clewe", who was installed as fifteenth bishop of Utrecht in 927, was "een broeder van den grawe van Clewe"[665]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "977 VI Id Jan" of Bishop Baldric[666].

e) [daughter . Vanderkindere suggests that the mother of Ansfrid [II] was the sister of Nibelung, for onomastic reasons and considering the origins of the counties which were inherited by Ansfrid[667]. m LAMBERT Comte [in Masau], son of --- (-before 938).]

Chapter 6. GRAVEN van DRENTHE

Van den Bergh's so-called "Saxon" counties are Drenthe, pagus Forestensis, Twenthe, Salland and Hamaland, arranged north to south between the Zuiderzee and the current border between The Netherlands and Germany. The main town of Drenthe (Thrianta), the northernmost of these counties which covered much of the present-day province of Drenthe, was Groningen located in its northernmost part.

Graf Eberhard is recorded in Drenthe, as well as neighbouring Salland and pagus Forestensis in the mid-10th century. However, no record has been found in the primary sources so far consulted of any later counts in Drenthe until Baldric in the early 11th century. The origin of Baldric is not known. His name suggests a family relationship with the family of the Graven van Betuwe (see Chapter 5), which included one bishop of Utrecht and two bishops of Liège of this name in the 10th and 11th centuries. Another possible clue is provided by Alpertus who names "Wicmannus" (who, it is suggested, refers to Wichmann [III] son of Ekbert [I] "der Einäugige", see SAXONY) as husband of "præfecti Godefridi, avunculi Balderici, filiam"[668]. This Gottfried is identified as Graf von Hattuaria (see LOWER LOTHARINGIAN NOBILITY). Vanderkindere suggests that Baldric also inherited the northern counties of Frisia, which were recorded in 970 in the hands of his future father-in-law[669], but no primary source has yet been identified which confirms that this is correct. After the death of Baldric, the county of Drenthe passed to Gozelon, who in 1023 succeeded as Duke of Lower Lotharingia. However, under a charter dated Emperor Heinrich II granted "comitatum de Thrente" to the bishop of Utrecht, on the intervention of "comitis Bertolfi"[670], who has not been identified. The county must have returned to Duke Gozelon after he recognised the accession of Konrad II King of Germany, later in 1024, as Heinrich III King of Germany regranted "comitatum…in Thrente" to the bishop of Utrecht by charter dated 22 May 1046, which specifies that the grant was made "post obitum Gozlini ducis nostre"[671]. Heinrich III King of Germany donated property "in villa Cruoninga…in comitatu Trente…cum omni eiusdem comitatus…" to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 21 May 1040[672].

1. EBERHARD, son of [EBERHARD Graf von Bonn & his wife ---] (-[3 Sep] before 964). Eberhard is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[673] as the possible son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Flodoard records that Heinrich I King of Germany sent "Ebrardus quidam Transrhenensis" to "regnum Lotharii" to re-establish peace[674], although it is not certain to which Eberhard this refers. Graaf in pagus Forestensis: "Otto…rex" granted property "in pago forestensi quod est in comitatu Everhardi" to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 26 Nov 944[675]. Graaf van Drenthe: "Otto…rex" granted property "[in] Daventria…in comitatu Uuicmanni comitis…et villa…Tuncgurun in comitatu Everhardi comitis" to Magdeburg Moritzkirche by charter dated 2 Jul 956[676]. Graaf van Salland: "Otto…rex" donated property "Dauantri…in pago…Hamalant in comitatu Wichmanni comitis…et in pago Velua…et in pago Salalant in comitatu Euerhardi comitis" to Magdeburg St Moritz by charter dated 28 Aug 960[677]. "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "presium,,,Bulceshuson…quondam Eberhardi comitis dum vixit…in comitatu Gerungi comitis" to Gerberga Abbess of Gandersheim by charter dated 7 Oct 972[678]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "III Non Sep" of "Everardus comes"[679].

- GRAVEN van TEISTERBAND.

2. BALDRIC (-Burg Heimbach 5 Jun 1021). Graaf van Drenthe. The Vita Meinwerci records a donation to Paderborn by "Baldericus comes" with the consent of "suæ contectalis Athelæ", in the presence of "Meinwerco episcopo…Heinrici imperatoris…Bernhardi ducis, Liudolfi, Thiederici, Wicmanni comitum"[680]. Heribert Archbishop of Köln donated property "curtim…Antwilre", donated by "Baldericus comes et coniunx eius…Adela", to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 1 Apr 1003, witnessed by "…Cristiani comitis, Herimanni advocati Diuitensis ecclesie, Bilisonis comitis…"[681]. "Henricus…rex" donated property "in pago Thrient…in comitatu Baldrici" to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 24 Apr 1006[682]. "Henricus…rex" granted property "inter flumina…Nitæ…Thila…Wauerwald in comitatu Gotizonis comitis qui Antwerk dicitur situm" to "nostrum bestiarum Baldrico sanctæ Leodicensis ecclesiæ presul nec non Baldrico comiti" by charter dated 12 Sep 1008[683]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property to Kloster Boppard "quod Paldricus comes in Pochpartun nobis tradidit" by charter dated 1021[684]. The work of Thiodericus names "Baldricus comes de Oplathe vel Houberch" and records his death "Non Iun" without specifying the year[685]. Heribert Archbishop of Köln donated property "ecclesiam…in villa…Sethone…in pago…Betuam", donated by "Baldericus cum uxore Adela", to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 17 Jul 1015, witnessed by "…Cristiani comitis…Bilisonis comitis…"[686]. Thietmar records that "Berthold, Liuthar's son" killed Baldric "a most excellent vassal of Count Wichmann" at Burg Monreberg in [1 Apr] 1017[687], although it is not clear that this can be the same Baldric given the contrast with Thietmar's earlier uncomplimentary descriptions of Baldric, husband of Adela. "Baldricus comes" donated property to Kloster Ziflick, with the consent of "contectalis mee Athalæ", by undated charter dated to [1014/20][688]. m (before 18 Dec 996) as her second husband, ADELA, widow of IMMED, daughter of WICHMANN [V] Graaf van Hamaland & his wife Liutgard of Flanders (-22 Mar [1014/16]). The Vita Meinwerci names "uxorem de terra Saxoniæ, Athelam nomine" as wife of Immed[689]. Widukind records that Meinwerk Bishop of Paderborn was "materno a Wichmanno, Herimanni ducis nepote, propinquo Ottonis I"[690]. Alpertus names "Adela sorori domnæ Liutgardæ", commenting that Adela was "clamosa in voce, lasciva in verbis, veste composite, animo dissoluta", the subsequent paragraph recording that, after her sister died, Adela took all her property which she had intended for the church before "vidua lasciva" married Baldric as her second husband[691]. Her birth date range is estimated from her giving birth to five known children by her first husband, who died in early 983. "Otto…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights and privileges of Kloster Elten naming "filiam Lutgardam…abbatissam [et] filia Adela…[et] Baldericus…maritus Adele" by charter dated 18 Dec 996[692]. Alpertus records that the wife of "Baldericus" was the daughter of "Wicmanni, cuius maiores magnam partem Germaniæ et maxime circa littoral oceani imperia tenebant"[693]. Heribert Archbishop of Köln donated property "curtim…Antwilre", donated by "Baldericus comes et coniunx eius…Adela", to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 1 Apr 1003, witnessed by "…Cristiani comitis, Herimanni advocati Diuitensis ecclesie, Bilisonis comitis…"[694]. Heribert Archbishop of Köln donated property "ecclesiam…in villa…Sethone…in pago…Betuam", donated by "Baldericus cum uxore Adela", to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 17 Jul 1015, witnessed by "…Cristiani comitis…Bilisonis comitis…"[695]. Thietmar records that the wife of Baldric encouraged her husband to arrange for the murder of "Count Wichmann" in 1016[696]. "Baldricus comes" donated property to Kloster Ziflick, with the consent of "contectalis mee Athalæ", by undated charter dated to [1014/20][697]. Alpertus names her "Adelæ uxoris Baldrici" in a later (undated) passage recording her death aged 60[698]. The work of Thiodericus names "Ida comitissa eius [=Baldricus] coniunx" ("Ida" presumably being an error for "Adela") and records her death "XI Kal Apr" without specifying the year[699].

3. BERTHOLF (-after 1024). [Graaf van Drenthe]. Under a charter dated Emperor Heinrich II granted "comitatum de Thrente" to the bishop of Utrecht, on the intervention of "comitis Bertolfi"[700], who has not been identified. It is not known whether this document indicates the Bertholf was Graaf van Drenthe or not.

Chapter 7. GRAVEN van HAMALAND

Van den Bergh's so-called "Saxon" counties in Frisia are Drenthe, pagus Forestensis, Twenthe, Salland and Hamaland, arranged north to south between the Zuiderzee and the current border between The Netherlands and Germany. The county of Hamaland lay south of Twenthe, between Deventer in the north and Elten on the Rhine in the south, bound on the west by the river IJssel[701]. The first recorded count of Hamaland, Wichmann [I], is recorded in 855 and was most likely a member of the Billung family who were later dukes of Saxony. Meginhard is recorded in Hamaland in the 920s, but no family relationship has been confirmed between him and Wichmann. Later counts of Hamaland were called Wichmann, presumably descendants of the first Wichmann, possibly through the female line. It is not known when Meginhard received the county of Hamaland. As can be seen below, it is likely that he was the same person as the brother of Eberhard who was appointed duke of Frisia after his brother was murdered. The sources indicate that he was succeeded in Hamaland by his grandson Wichmann. The identity of Wichmann's father is not known, but his name suggests that he was closely related to the family of the Billung dukes of Saxony and to the first Wichmann. Graf Wichmann also held the counties in northern Frisia by 3 Aug 970, as shown by the charter of that date by which "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed donations to Kloster Elten by "Wichmannus comes…in his quatuor comitatibus…Hunesca, Fivelga, Merime, Miclaga"[702].

1. WICHMANN [I], son of --- (-after 10 Nov 855). Graaf van Hamaland. "Folcherus" donated property "…in pago Hamulande in comitatu Wigmanni…" to Werden abbey by charter dated 10 Nov 855[703].

MEGINHARD, son of MEGINHARD & his wife Evesa --- [870/80]-[after 938]). Regino records that "Eworhardus dux, filius Meginhardi" was hunted out and killed in 898 "a Waltgario Fresone, filio Gerulfi" and that the emperor granted "ducatus" to "Meginhardo fratri"[704]. Duke [of Frisia] 898. No direct proof has yet been found confirming the co-identity of duke Meginhard and Meginhard Count of Hamaland but it looks highly probable. A document dated 7 Nov 921 recording a meeting between King Charles III and King Heinrich I names "Evrardus, Chonradus, Herimannus, Hato, Godefredus, Otto, Herimannus, Cobbo, Magenhardus, Fridericus, Foldac" as representatives of the latter[705]. Graaf van Hamaland. "Henricus…rex" granted property "in pago Friesonoueld in comitatu Sigifridi…locis Osterhusa, Asendorf, Uuntea, Hoenpergi, Seorebininga, Sitechenbehque…[et] in pagis Altgeuue et Uuestgeuue…in comitatibus Meginuuarchi et Sigifridi loca Tennistat, Chirihbaringa, Uuoluesbaringa, Paringi, Bisenuuinida, Hursilagamundi, Asbah, Eckihartesleba, Asgari, Saltzaha, Durniloha et Germari" to Kloster Hersfeld by charter dated 1 Jun 932[706]. "Henricus…rex" granted property "in pago Languizza in comitatu Meginwardi locum Husun" to Kloster Hersfeld by charter dated 1 Jun 932[707]. "Henricus…rex" granted property "in Uuihe et in Burgdorf…in pago Vuestergowe in comitatu Meginvuarchi duo loca Barcuelda et Bretinga" to Kloster Hersfeld through "advocatorum suorum Friderici et Christani" by charter dated 1 Jun 933[708]. Boer & Cordfunke refer to a 938 meeting, between Count Dirk I, Count Meginhard of Hamaland, and Count Arnulf I of Flanders and his wife Adela, to arrange the betrothals of Hildegard of Flanders and Count Dirk II (son of Count Dirk I), and of her sister Liutgard and Wichmann of Hamaland (son of Count Meginhard)[709]. The meeting is alleged to be recorded in the Verbrüderungsbuch der Abtei Reichenau, although no trace of this has been found in the copy consulted[710]. However, the following necrology entry confirms that it was Meginhard's grandson not his son who was betrothed. The Necrologium of Elten records the death of "Meginhard, pater Gerberch, cuius filius Wichmannus comes fundator ecclesia"[711].

m ---. The name of Meginhard's wife is not known.

Meginhard & his wife had one child:

1. GERBERGA ([905/10]-). Her parentage is confirmed by the Necrologium of Elten which records the death of "Meginhard, pater Gerberch, cuius filius Wichmannus comes fundator ecclesia"[712]. The identity of her husband is unknown. The name of his son, Wichmann, suggests a close family relationship with the Billung family of dukes of Saxony. The connection appears confirmed by Widukind who records that Meinwerk Bishop of Paderborn was "materno a Wichmanno, Herimanni ducis nepote, propinquo Ottonis I"[713], the bishop's mother being corroborated in other sources as Adela, daughter of Wichmann [V]. There are so many uncertainties regarding the genealogy of the Billung family that detailed speculation on any precise relationship does not seem worthwhile. Gerberga's husband is shown as a possible son of Billung only for the purposes of making the hyperlink connection. m [---, son of BILLUNG & his wife ---]. One child:

a) WICHMANN [V] ([930]-after 27 Sep 979). His parentage is confirmed by the Necrologium of Elten which records the death of "Meginhard, pater Gerberch, cuius filius Wichmannus comes fundator ecclesia"[714]. If Boer & Cordfunke are correct regarding the 938 meeting between Count Dirk I, Count Meginhard of Hamaland, and Count Arnulf I of Flanders, regarding the betrothal of their children (see above), Wichmann was the son of Meginhard, but as noted above it has not been possible to verify this against primary sources and it seems disproved by the necrology entry. His birth date is estimated from the estimated date of his marriage. Graaf van Hamaland. The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon records that Emperor Otto I built the dyke from the Schelde to the sea known as the "Ottingam" and installed "comitem Wicmannus" in the castle on the banks of the Leie which controlled the towns of "Hasnethe, Bocholt, Axle, Huleta cum tota Wasia"[715], probably dated to [950/52] judging by the following charter. "Otto…rex" confirmed the donation of property "in loco Dauindre…in pago…Hamalant in comitatu Vuigmanni" to St Moritz at Magdeburg by "nostra amita…Uota" by charter dated 30 Dec 952[716]. "Otto…rex" granted property "[in] Daventria…in comitatu Uuicmanni comitis…et villa…Tuncgurun in comitatu Everhardi comitis" to Magdeburg Moritzkirche by charter dated 2 Jul 956[717]. "Otto…rex" donated property "Dauantri…in pago…Hamalant in comitatu Wichmanni comitis…et in pago Velua…et in pago Salalant in comitatu Euerhardi comitis" to Magdeburg St Moritz by charter dated 28 Aug 960[718]. "Wicmannus…comes" donated "mei juris villam Thesla" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "coniugis mee defuncte Lietgardis", by charter dated 18 Oct 962, signed by "comitis Arnulfi patris supradicte Lietgardis comitisse, Theoderici comitis…"[719]. Wichmann acquired the abbey of St Bavo in Gent, and became Graaf van Gent as vassal of his father-in-law, but transferred this to Dirk II Count of Holland in [964/69] and returned to Hamaland. "Otto…imperator augustus" gave property "in territorio Vrek in pago Salo…in comitatu Nerdincklant…in comitatu Hamelant", all held by Wichmann, to Kloster Elten founded by "Wichmannus comes in litore Reni in comitatu Hamelant" by charter dated 29 Jun 968[720]. Count in the North Frisian counties: "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed donations to Kloster Elten by "Wichmannus comes…in his quatuor comitatibus…Hunesca, Fivelga, Merime, Miclaga" by charter dated 3 Aug 970[721]. "Otto…imperator augustus" gave property "locum Pateleke…in pago Ambraga in comitatu Wichmanni comitis" to his wife Empress Theophanu by charter dated 27 Sep 979[722]. m ([after 10 Jul 953]) LIUTGARD de Flandre, daughter of ARNOUL I Count of Flanders & his [second] wife Adela de Vermandois (935-962, before 18 Oct). Boer and Cordfunke refer to a 938 meeting, between Count Dirk I, Count Meginhard of Hamaland, and Count Arnulf I of Flanders and his wife Adela, to arrange the betrothals of Hildegard of Flanders and Count Dirk II (son of Count Dirk I), and of her sister Liutgard and Wichmann of Hamaland (son of Count Meginhard)[723]. The meeting is alleged to be recorded in the Verbrüderungsbuch der Abtei Reichenau, but no trace of this has been found in the copy consulted[724]. "Arnulfus Flandrie comes et marchisus" granted use of property "Snellenghem in pago Flandrensi" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for "uxore mea…Adala atque…filio meo Balduino et filia mea Lietgardis" and for deceased "Balduino genitore meo et Elstrudis genetrice mea atque Heeberto filio meo", by charter dated 10 Jul 953[725]. This document suggests that Liutgard was not married at the time. The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon records the donation dated 962 by "Wicmannus comes…pro remedio anima coniugis mea Lietgardis…Arnulphi marchisi Flandrie patris" of "villam Thessela…Desselbergine" to "monasterio Sancti Petri in Blandino"[726]. "Wicmannus…comes" donated "mei juris villam Thesla" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "coniugis mee defuncte Lietgardis", by charter dated 18 Oct 962, signed by "comitis Arnulfi patris supradicte Lietgardis comitisse, Theoderici comitis…"[727]. The Annales Blandinienses record the deaths in 962 of "Baldwinus, filius Arnulfi marchisi, et soror eius Liutgardis"[728].] Wichmann [V] & his wife had two children:

i) LIUTGARD (-997). "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed the privileges of Kloster Elten naming "Wichmannus comes [et] eius filia Lutgarda…abbatissæ…Heltnon" by charter dated 14 Dec 973[729]. Alpertus names "Liutgardam sororem [=uxoris Baldericus] abbatissam Eltuensis montis", a later paragraph recording her death[730]. Abbess of Elten before Dec 973.

ii) ADELA ([955/60]-22 Mar [1014/16]). The Vita Meinwerci names "uxorem de terra Saxoniæ, Athelam nomine" as wife of Immed[731]. Widukind records that Meinwerk Bishop of Paderborn was "materno a Wichmanno, Herimanni ducis nepote, propinquo Ottonis I"[732]. Alpertus names "Adela sorori domnæ Liutgardæ", commenting that Adela was "clamosa in voce, lasciva in verbis, veste composite, animo dissoluta", the subsequent paragraph recording that, after her sister died, Adela took all her property which she had intended for the church before "vidua lasciva" married Baldric as her second husband[733]. Her birth date range is estimated from her giving birth to five known children by her first husband, who died in early 983. "Otto…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights and privileges of Kloster Elten naming "filiam Lutgardam…abbatissam [et] filia Adela…[et] Baldericus…maritus Adele" by charter dated 18 Dec 996[734]. Alpertus records that the wife of "Baldericus" was the daughter of "Wicmanni, cuius maiores magnam partem Germaniæ et maxime circa littoral oceani imperia tenebant"[735]. Heribert Archbishop of Köln donated property "ecclesiam…in villa…Sethone…in pago…Betuam", donated by "Baldericus cum uxore Adela", to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 17 Jul 1015, witnessed by "…Cristiani comitis…Bilisonis comitis…"[736]. Heribert Archbishop of Köln donated serfs to Kloster Deutz by charter dated 1 May 1015, witnessed by "…Arnoldi comitis, Gerardi comitis"[737]. Thietmar records that the wife of Baldric encouraged her husband to arrange for the murder of "Count Wichmann" in 1016[738]. "Baldricus comes" donated property to Kloster Ziflick, with the consent of "contectalis mee Athalæ", by undated charter dated to [1014/20][739]. Alpertus names her "Adelæ uxoris Baldrici" in a later (undated) passage recording her death aged 60[740]. The work of Thiodericus names "Ida comitissa eius [=Baldricus] coniunx" ("Ida" presumably being an error for "Adela") and records her death "XI Kal Apr" without specifying the year[741]. m firstly IMMED, son of --- (-27 Jan 983). m secondly (before 18 Dec 996) BALDRIC Graaf van Drenthe, son of --- (-Burg Heimbach 5 Jun 1021). The Vita Meinwerci records a donation to Paderborn by "Baldericus comes" with the consent of "suæ contectalis Athelæ", in the presence of "Meinwerco episcopo…Heinrici imperatoris…Bernhardi ducis, Liudolfi, Thiederici, Wicmanni comitum"[742]. "Henricus…rex" donated property "in pago Thrient…in comitatu Baldrici" to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 24 Apr 1006[743]. "Henricus…rex" granted property "inter flumina…Nitæ…Thila…Wauerwald in comitatu Gotizonis comitis qui Antwerk dicitur situm" to "nostrum bestiarum Baldrico sanctæ Leodicensis ecclesiæ presul nec non Baldrico comiti" by charter dated 12 Sep 1008[744]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property to Kloster Boppard "quod Paldricus comes in Pochpartun nobis tradidit" by charter dated 1021[745]. The work of Thiodericus names "Baldricus comes de Oplathe vel Houberch" and records his death "Non Iun" without specifying the year[746]. Thietmar records that "Berthold, Liuthar's son" killed Baldric "a most excellent vassal of Count Wichmann" at Burg Monreberg in [1 Apr] 1017[747], although it is not clear that this is the same Baldric given the contrast with Thietmar's early uncomplimentary descriptions of Baldric, husband of Adela.

1. WEZILO (-after 1027). "Chonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed property "in Alsatia et in comitatibus Gisilberti et Wezilonis comitum" to Kloster Peterlingen by charter dated 1027[748]. same person as…? WEZILO (-after [1047]). "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "in villa Subenhara in pago Hamaland in comitatu Wecelonis comitis" to "fideli nostro Anselmo" by an undated charter, grouped with charters dated 1047 in the compilation[749]. It is not certain that Wezilo in Hamaland, in the northern part of Lower Lotharingia, and Wezilo in Alsace are the same individual. However, "Gisilberti" in the 1027 charter was probably Giselbert Comte de Looz, another Lower Lotharingian territory. This suggests that the Alsatian territories of Wezilo and Giselbert may have represented only a minor part of their respective landholdings, their main bases being in Lower Lotharingia. m ---. The name of Wezilo's wife is not known. Wezilo & his wife had one child:

a) DIETRICH [Thierry] (-28 Apr 1089). The Chronicon Hugonis records that "Theodericus, Wezelonis comitis filius" was installed as bishop of Verdun in 1046[750]. The necrology of Verdun Cathedral records the death "IV Kal Mai" of "Theodericus episcopus"[751].

Chapter 8. NORTHERN FRISIAN COUNTIES

The first of Van den Bergh's groups of "Frisian" pagi lay between the rivers Ems and Lauwers, east of the city of Groningen in the north of The Netherlands. Early descriptions of pagi and counties in this area include Altfrid's Vita S. Liudgeri, which records that "in gente Fresonum ab orientali parte fluminis Labeki" there were five pagi "Hugmerchi, Hunusga, Fivilga, Emisga, Federitga" and one island "Bant"[752]; a document dated 997 which records that Kloster Elten received tribute from four counties "Hunesgo, Fivilgo, Humerche et Emische"[753]; and Adam of Bremen who records that five pagi in Frisia depended from the bishopric of Münster "Hugmerchi, Hunusga, Fivilga, Emisga, Federitga et insula Bant"[754]. Of the different geographical entities named in these sources, Van den Bergh retains four: firstly, Hunsingo, north of Groningen along the North Sea coast between the river Hunse in the west and Fivilgo in the east[755], secondly, Fivilgo, to the east of Hunsingo as far as the river Fivel[756], thirdly, Hugmerchi (Humerche or Humerke, or Humsterland), which lay south of the river Hunse, west of Middagsterland, east of the river Lauwers, marking the border with Oostergo, and north of Drenthe[757], and fourthly, Middagsterland (Midage), bordered to the north and east by Hunsingo and to the south and west by Hugmerchi[758]. Vanderkindere suggests that Baldric Graaf van Drenthe inherited these northern counties of Frisia, which were recorded in 970 in the hands of his future father-in-law Graf Wichmann[759], but no primary source has yet been identified which confirms that this is correct. The charter dated 25 Apr 1057, under which Heinrich IV King of Germany confirmed the grant of "comitatum…in pagis Hunesga et Fiuilga" to the church of Bremen-Hamburg[760], suggests that they developed later under ecclesiastical administration. Adam of Bremen records that "comitatum Fresiæ", granted to the church of Bremen, had previously belonged to "Gotafridus"[761], presumably referring to Godefroi "le Barbu" Duke of Lower Lotharingia, although it is not clear whether this means that Godefroi held the counties directly or that he was suzerain of the ruling count in his capacity as duke. A later passage adds that "dux Gotafridus et nunce Ekibertus" held "Fivelgoe", stating that this was the first county to submit to the emperor (Heinrich III)[762]. Nevertheless, Adam of Bremen records that "Bernardus…[et] Ekibertus" each retained one of the "comitatus Fresiæ" after they were granted to the church[763], referring to Bernhard Duke of Saxony and Ekbert [I] "der Einäugige" his cousin, a previous passage confirming that Bernhard's county was "comitatus…in Fresia…Emisgoe"[764].

1. WICHMANN [V], son of --- & his wife Gerberga --- ([930]-after 27 Sep 979). His parentage is confirmed by the Necrologium of Elten which records the death of "Meginhard, pater Gerberch, cuius filius Wichmannus comes fundator ecclesia"[765]. If Boer & Cordfunke are correct regarding the 938 meeting between Count Dirk I, Count Meginhard of Hamaland, and Count Arnulf I of Flanders, regarding the betrothal of their children (see above), Wichmann was the son of Meginhard, but as noted above it has not been possible to verify this against primary sources and it seems disproved by the necrology entry. His birth date is estimated from the estimated date of his marriage. Graaf van Hamaland. The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon records that Emperor Otto I built the dyke from the Schelde to the sea known as the "Ottingam" and installed "comitem Wicmannus" in the castle on the banks of the Leie which controlled the towns of "Hasnethe, Bocholt, Axle, Huleta cum tota Wasia"[766], probably dated to [950/52] judging by the following charter. "Otto…rex" confirmed the donation of property "in loco Dauindre…in pago…Hamalant in comitatu Vuigmanni" to St Moritz at Magdeburg by "nostra amita…Uota" by charter dated 30 Dec 952[767]. "Otto…rex" granted property "[in] Daventria…in comitatu Uuicmanni comitis…et villa…Tuncgurun in comitatu Everhardi comitis" to Magdeburg Moritzkirche by charter dated 2 Jul 956[768]. "Otto…rex" donated property "Dauantri…in pago…Hamalant in comitatu Wichmanni comitis…et in pago Velua…et in pago Salalant in comitatu Euerhardi comitis" to Magdeburg St Moritz by charter dated 28 Aug 960[769]. Wichmann acquired the abbey of St Bavo in Gent, and became Graaf van Gent as vassal of his father-in-law, but transferred this to Dirk II Count of Holland in [964/69] and returned to Hamaland. "Otto…imperator augustus" gave property "in territorio Vrek in pago Salo…in comitatu Nerdincklant…in comitatu Hamelant", all held by Wichmann, to Kloster Elten founded by "Wichmannus comes in litore Reni in comitatu Hamelant" by charter dated 29 Jun 968[770]. Count in the North Frisian counties: "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed donations to Kloster Elten by "Wichmannus comes…in his quatuor comitatibus…Hunesca, Fivelga, Merime, Miclaga" by charter dated 3 Aug 970[771]. "Otto…imperator augustus" gave property "locum Pateleke…in pago Ambraga in comitatu Wichmanni comitis" to his wife Empress Theophanu by charter dated 27 Sep 979[772].

2. RUDOLF (-after 1040). Count in the North Frisian counties: Heinrich III King of Germany donated property "predia…Letherminge…in comitatu Rodulfi…inter Emese et Laueke" to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 21 May 1040[773].

Chapter 9. GRAVEN van OOSTERGO en WESTERGO

Oostergo (Ostraga) and Westergo (Westraga), which lay to the west and south-west of Groningen, between the rivers Lauwers and Vlie, in the present-day Dutch province of Friesland. Oostergo, in the eastern half, was west of the river Lauwers, although its southern limits are uncertain[774]. Westergo, covered the western half of this area, reaching the western North Sea coast around Stavoren[775]. The river Burdine separated the two counties. Hugo Jaekel compiled a list of counts in these two counties in the 8th and 9th centuries[776]. The Annales Metenses record that in 736 the forces of Charles "Martel" arrived "ad Wistriamchi et Wastrachia insulas" and killed "Poponem…ducem illorum" while capturing the castle "super Bordinem…fluvium"[777]. An imperially appointed count Albdag is named in Oostergo in 873: the Annales Xantenses record that "Ruodoldus nepos prædicti tiranni [Ruorich]" devastated "totam Fresiam…in pago Ostachia"[778], while the Annals of Fulda add that, in Jun 873, "Hruodolfus quidam Nordmannus de regio genere" invaded "comitatum…Albdagi, missisque nuntiis"[779]. Counts named Gerhart, Reginbert and Deodradus are recorded as having donated property in Westergo to Fulda[780]. By the mid-10th century, part at least of these counties was presumably held by Ekbert [I] "der Einäugige", relative of the Billung Dukes of Saxony (see SAXONY): "Otto…imperator augustus" made a donation to St Pantaleon at Köln of property "insule medietatem in Almere que Urch vocatur…quod Gardolfus iam quondam comes…tenuisse…in comitatu Ekberti comitis" by an undated charter, dated to 966[781]. Vanderkindere speculates that Ekbert inherited his Frisian properties from his maternal grandmother Reginlind, wife of Theoderic and parents of Mathilde Queen of Germany, who is named "Reinhildam, Danorum Fresonumque germine procreatam" in the Vita Mathildis Reginæ[782], suggesting that this indicates a relationship with the early counts of Frisia. Her family is set out in the document GERMAN NOBILITY. Ekbert [I]'s Frisian lands were inherited by his descendants, but his great-grandson Ekbert rebelled against Emperor Heinrich IV and his properties were confiscated. The counties of Oostergo and Westergo were transferred to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 7 Feb 1086[783].

1. ALBDAG (-after Jun 873). Graaf van Oostergo. The Annales Xantenses record that, in 873, "Ruodoldus nepos prædicti tiranni [Ruorich]" devastated "totam Fresiam…in pago Ostachia"[784]. The Annals of Fulda adding that, in Jun 873, "Hruodolfus quidam Nordmannus de regio genere" invaded "comitatum…Albdagi, missisque nuntiis"[785].

2. GERHART . Graaf van Westergo. Counts named Gerhart, Reginbert and Deodradus are recorded as having donated property in Westergo to Fulda[786].

3. REGINBERT (-after 7 Nov 921). Graaf van Westergo. Counts named Gerhart, Reginbert and Deodradus are recorded as having donated property in Westergo to Fulda[787]. A document dated 7 Nov 921 recording a meeting between Charles III "le Simple" King of France and Heinrich I King of Germany names "Matfredus, Erkengerus, Hagano, Boso, Waltherus, Isaac, Ragenberus, Theodricus, Adalardus, Adelelmus" as representatives of the former[788]. m ---. The name of Reginbert's wife is not known. Reginbert & his wife had one child:

a) GERBERT (-after 945). The Traditiones Fuldensis name "Gerberto Reginberti prefecti filio", in a description of the monastery's Frisian territories, as donor of several properties[789].

4. DEODRAD . Graaf van Westergo. Counts named Gerhart, Reginbert and Deodradus are recorded as having donated property in Westergo to Fulda[790].

Chapter 10. GRAVEN van TEISTERBAND

A. GRAVEN van TEISTERBAND (FAMILY of EBERHARD)

The four "Frankish" counties of Teisterband, Betuwe, Duffel and Nijmegen lay south of the river Rhine and north of the river Maas. The county of Teisterband stretched from the North Sea coast eastwards to its main town Tiel on the river Waal[791]. The charter dated 20 Apr 950 under which "Otto…rex" granted property "monasterium in loco Tiela", including rights previously conceded by "Waldgero et a filio eius Radbodone nec non et Hattone"[792], suggests that Waltger Count of Frisia and his successors may also have been counts of Teisterband, in which Tiel was located. "Otto tercius…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "Tiele in comitatu Unrochi comitis et in pago Testerbant…et Nerestein in comitatu Amichonis in pago Nahgowi" to the monks of the Marienkapelle at Aachen by charter dated 6 Feb 1000[793]. Heinrich IV King of Germany confirmed the grant of Teisterband county ("comitatum in Testerbant") to the church of Utrecht by charter dated [Apr 1057][794].

Europäische Stammtafeln[795] shows the possible connection between this family and the Ezzonen, later Pfalzgrafen von Lothringen. The source on which this speculation is based has not yet been identified. If it is based solely on onomastics, Eberhard appears to be the only name which is common to the two families. Use of the first name Unruoch suggests a connection with the Unruochingi Marchesi of Friulia, later kings of Italy, a family of prominent Frankish noblemen recorded in northern France in the mid-9th century.

1. EBERHARD, son of [EBERHARD Graf von Bonn & his wife ---] (-[3 Sep] before 964). Eberhard is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[796] as the possible son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Flodoard records that Heinrich I King of Germany sent "Ebrardus quidam Transrhenensis" to "regnum Lotharii" to re-establish peace[797], although it is not certain to which Eberhard this refers. Graaf in pagus Forestensis: "Otto…rex" granted property "in pago forestensi quod est in comitatu Everhardi" to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 26 Nov 944[798]. Graaf van Drenthe: "Otto…rex" granted property "[in] Daventria…in comitatu Uuicmanni comitis…et villa…Tuncgurun in comitatu Everhardi comitis" to Magdeburg Moritzkirche by charter dated 2 Jul 956[799]. Graaf van Salland: "Otto…rex" donated property "Dauantri…in pago…Hamalant in comitatu Wichmanni comitis…et in pago Velua…et in pago Salalant in comitatu Euerhardi comitis" to Magdeburg St Moritz by charter dated 28 Aug 960[800]. "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "presium…Bulceshuson…quondam Eberhardi comitis dum vixit…in comitatu Gerungi comitis" to Gerberga Abbess of Gandersheim by charter dated 7 Oct 972[801]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "III Non Sep" of "Everardus comes"[802]. m AMALRADA, daughter of Graf THEODERICH [Immedinger] & his wife Reginlind --- ([7 Sep] ----). A list of names in the Libri Confraternitatum Sancti Galli sets out (in order) "Thieterich, Reginhilt, *, Oto, Amalrat, Perectheid, Friderun, Pia", immediately after a list of family members of Heinrich I King of Germany and his wife, which no doubt refers to the latter's parents and sisters[803]. The Vita Domni Deoderici Episcopi Maioris names "Amelrada" as wife of "comite Everardo", sister of "Mathildis reginæ…filiæ Thiadrici ducis", and she and her husband as parents of "Deodericum ex pago Saxoniæ Hamalant"[804]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "VII Id Sep" of "Amarrada comitissa"[805]. Eberhard & his wife had two children:

a) DIETRICH ([929]-Metz 7 Sep 984, bur Metz St Vincent). The Vita Deoderici Episcopi names "Deodericum ex pago Saxoniæ Hamalant" as son of "comite Everardo" and "Amelrada"[806]. Canon at Halberstadt. Bishop of Metz 965. Sigebert's Chronica records in 964 that, after the death of "Adelberone Mettensium epìscopo", “Deodericus consobrinus Ottonis imperator” was appointed bishop[807]. "Otto…imperator augustus" made donations to Notker Bishop of Liège by charter dated 15 Jun 983, which names "Mettensium episcopus Theodericus noster consanguineus et illustris dux Beatrix nostra consobrina[808]. As shown above, the blood relationship between Bishop Dietrich and Emperor Otto was through the bishop's mother. Thietmar records that Dietrich Bishop of Metz "belonged to that group of corrupt men who, in return for obscuring the truth, had accepted one thousand pounds of gold and silver from the archbishop"[809].

b) son . His existence and parentage is confirmed by the Vita Deoderici Episcopi which names "Everardi fratruelis sui [=Dietrich Bishop of Metz]…infans…ex cuius fratre fuit genitus", when recording his son's death in Sep 978[810]. m [--- [de Huy], daughter of ---]. The identity of Eberhard's mother is not known. However, it is possible that she was related to Ansfrid [III] Comte de Huy, later Bishop of Utrecht (see Part C below), because Alpertus names "consanguineusque eius…Unruoch comes" (presumed son of this couple) when recording the death of "Ansfridi episcopi"[811]. This unknown couple had five children:

i) EBERHARD (-young Sep 978). "Everardi fratruelis sui [=Dietrich Bishop of Metz]…infans…ex cuius fratre fuit genitus" is named in the Vita Deoderici, when recording his death in Sep 978[812].

ii) FRETHERHARD (-after 996). His parentage is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[813], but the primary source which confirms this has not yet been identified. Graaf van Teisterband.

iii) ADELBOLD (-after 21 Jul 1026). His parentage is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[814], but the primary source which confirms this has not yet been identified. Bishop of Utrecht 1012.

iv) UNRUOCH [Hunerik] [I] (-before 1026). His parentage is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[815], but the primary source which confirms this has not yet been identified. A clue is provided by Alpertus who names "consanguineusque eius…Unruoch comes" when recording the death of "Ansfridi episcopi"[816], referring to Ansfred [III] Bishop of Utrecht, previously Comte de Huy (see Part C below). Graaf van Teisterband. 981/1010. Alpertus refers to "Unruocho comiti", who served in the army of Emperor Otto III in Italy, fighting with "Balterico" against the Vikings[817]. "Otto tercius…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "Tiele in comitatu Unrochi comitis et in pago Testerbant…et Nerestein in comitatu Amichonis in pago Nahgowi" to the monks of the Marienkapelle at Aachen by charter dated 6 Feb 1000[818]. "Henricus…rex" records that "Theodrico comite eiusque filiis" took property from the bishopric of Utrecht "a tempore Heinrici secundi et Adelboldi…episcopi", including property "Sigeldrith usque in Rinesmuthon, inde sursum ab occidentali parte Reni usque in Bodengrauen" held by "comes Unroch…post Unroch Godezo, post Godezonem Theodricus Baue filius", by charter dated "VI Non Mai 1064"[819].

v) GODIZO (-1018). His parentage is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[820], but the primary source which confirms this has not yet been identified. Graaf van Betuwe. "Henricus…rex" records that "Theodrico comite eiusque filiis" took property from the bishopric of Utrecht "a tempore Heinrici secundi et Adelboldi…episcopi", including property "Sigeldrith usque in Rinesmuthon, inde sursum ab occidentali parte Reni usque in Bodengrauen" held by "comes Unroch…post Unroch Godezo, post Godezonem Theodricus Baue filius", by charter dated "VI Non Mai 1064"[821]. The text specifies no family relationship between Unruoch and Godizo, but suggests that the former predeceased the latter. m [as her second husband,] BERTHA [Bave], [widow of ---], daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. As indicated below, the text of the 1064 charter in which her son is named suggests that he may have been born from an earlier marriage rather than Bertha's marriage to Godizo. Godizo & his wife had [one possible child]:

(a) [DIETRICH [Dirk] . "Henricus…rex" records that "Theodrico comite eiusque filiis" took property from the bishopric of Utrecht "a tempore Heinrici secundi et Adelboldi…episcopi", including property "Sigeldrith usque in Rinesmuthon, inde sursum ab occidentali parte Reni usque in Bodengrauen" held by "comes Unroch…post Unroch Godezo, post Godezonem Theodricus Baue filius", by charter dated "VI Non Mai 1064"[822]. The reference to "Bave filius" suggests that Dietrich may have been his mother's son by an earlier marriage, not the son of Godizo.]

2. EBERHARD . ["Hezel…palatinus comes…domni Ezzonis palatini comitis frater uterinus" donated property "in villa…Luvenich" to Köln St Gereon by charter dated 29 Sep 1033, witnessed by "…Euerhart comes…"[823].] According to Europäische Stammtafeln[824], Eberhard was the son of Graf Fretherhard (see above) but the primary source which confirms this has not yet been identified. Graaf van Betuwe en Teisterband. m ---. The name of Eberhard's wife is not known. Eberhard & his wife had one child:

a) ADELHEID (-after 1086). "Adelheyt comitissa, comitis Everhardi filia" donated “predium suum Ortinam” [Orten (Bois-le-Duc)] to Utrecht St Marten, for the souls of “sue ac mariti sui Henrici...per manum Hermanni...advocatum”, by charter dated to [1076/99][825]. The Chronicon Affligemense names "Adela comitissa Lovaniensis" as mother of two sons "Heinrico et Godefrido" specifying that she was one of the founders of Afflighem Abbey[826]. She founded the abbey of Afflighem in 1086. Pope Eugene III records donations by "Vualterius qui dicebatur magnus…Gerardus filius suus…Alvericus et filius suus Reimerus…Adeloia venerabilis vidua" to Grimbergen abbey by bull dated 1 May 1147 which confirms the abbey’s privileges[827]. The identity of "Adeloia…vidua" is uncertain, but she may have been the widow of Henri [II] Comte de Louvain. m HENRI [II] Comte de Louvain, son of LAMBERT [II] Comte de Louvain & his wife Uda of Lotharingia (-[1078/79], bur Nivelles).

3. UNRUOCH [II] . The primary source which confirms his existence has not yet been identified. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[828], Unruoch was the son of Graf Fretherhard (see above). The same table conflates him with Unruoch Graaf van Kempenland in 1084, but this appears unlikely to be correct chronologically. Kuiken's analysis also suggests that this is incorrect[829]. m ([1040]) ---, daughter of HERMANN Graaf van Lek en IJssel & his wife ---. This marriage is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[830], but the primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

4. HERMANN [I] (-1080 or after). The primary source which confirms his existence has not yet been identified. Graf in Utrecht 1064.

- HEREN van KUYC.

5. UNRUOCH [III] . The primary source which confirms his existence has not yet been identified. 1064. Graf im Kempenland 1073.

B. GRAVEN van TEISTERBAND (FAMILY of ANSFRID)

1. ANSFRID [III], son of LAMBERT & his wife [--- van Betuwe] ([945/50][831]-3 May 1010). The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium, added paragraph introduced by "Et pergit interpolator Hoiensis" referred to above, names "Ansfredi comitis" as the descendant of "Liethardus", specifying that he was Comte de Huy during the time of "Nothgeri Leodicensis episcopi"[832], the latter being bishop of Liège between 972 and 1007[833]. Thietmar names Count Ansfrid who "sprung from the high lineage of his ancestors", specifying that he was brought up by Bruno Archbishop of Köln, became sword-bearer of Emperor Otto when the latter entered Rome, and founded the abbey of Thorn[834]. Graaf van Teisterband. "Otto…rex" gave property "villa Medemelacha…in comitatu Frisie" to "nostro Ansfrido comite" by charter dated 26 Jun 985[835]. "Otto…rex" granted rights to the church of Liège in property in "comitatum Hoiensem quod…Ansfridus comes…tenebat" by charter dated 7 Jul 985[836]. Bishop of Utrecht [994/95]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Anffridus" was installed as eighteenth bishop of Utrecht in 994, was "grawe van Tysterbant, van dye Houbenten und herre van Holmina", and was descended from Emperor Charlemagne[837]. The Annales Colonienses specify that "Ansfridus comes laicus suscepto clericatu successit" in 995[838]. Thietmar records that he became a monk after the death of his wife and was appointed Bishop of Utrecht[839]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the election of "Ansfridus, qui pridem de seculari comite clericus attonsus est" as bishop of Utrecht, that he donated his lands "in comitatu Teysterbancie" and that he died "1007 V Non Mai"[840]. Vincentius Bellovacensis names "Anfridus, qui cum fuisset comes Bratuspantium"[841]. The chronicle of Alpertus names "Ansfridi episcopus Traiectenses", his daughter "abbatissa Tornensis monasterii" and "consanguineusque eius…Unruoch comes"[842]. Beke's Egmondscii Necrologium records the death "1008 V Non Mai" of "Anfridus ultimus comes Hoyensis", stating that he gave his county to the church of Liège, and specifying that he was also "comes Teysterbancie"[843].

- COMTES de HUY.

C. HEREN van KUYC en MALSEN

1. HERMANN [van Malsen] (-1080 or after). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[844], Hermann was the son of Unruoch [I] but the primary source which confirms this has not yet been identified. 1057/80. m ([1070]) [as her first husband,] IDA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[845], she was possibly Ida de Boulogne, daughter of Eustache II Comte de Boulogne & his wife Ida of Lotharingia, married secondly to Conon Comte de Montaigu. The only partial corroboration for this hypothesis which has so far found is in Orderic Vitalis, who says that "Cono comes Alemannus" married "Duke Godfrey's sister"[846]. On the other hand, the Chronicle of Saint-Hubert, interpolated in the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, names "Ida filia senioris Lamberti" only as wife of "comes Cono de Monteacute"[847]. Hermann & his wife had three children:

a) HENDRIK (-after 13 Aug 1108). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Heer van Kuyc. "…Henrici de Cuck, Arnulphi de Rode…" witnessed the charter dated 1096 under which "Ida Boloniensis comitissa" donated property in "Genapia" to Afflighem abbey[848]. Burchard Bishop of Utrecht recorded a dispute between the churches of St. Marten and St. Bonifacius and “Arnoldum de Rothe et Henricum de Kuch ipsorumque coheredes” by charter dated 13 Aug 1108[849]. m ([1100]) ALVERADIS [von Hochstaden] heiress of the Waldgrafschaft Osning, daughter of [GERHARD [I] Graf von Hochstaden & his wife Aleydis von Wickrath] (-after 2 May 1131). The primary source which confirms her suggested parentage has not yet been identified. “Alveradis mulier nobilis” donated property to Marienweerd, with the consent of “filiis suis Godefrido et Herimanno”, by charter dated 1129[850]. Lothar King of Germany confirmed the donation to Kloster Siegburg made by "Alverada de Cuck cum suis liberis" by charter dated 2 May 1131 witnessed by "…Comes Gerhardus de Iuliaco, Comes Adolfus de Saffenberch, Gerhardus Hostath, Godefridus et frater eius Herimannus de Chuh, Gerhardus de Mulenarca…"[851]. Heinrich & his wife had four children:

i) GOTFRID von Malsen gt van Kuyc (-1168 or after). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Godefridus…de Arnsberch ac Hermannus de Kuyc famosi comites et…fratres"[852]. The Annalista Saxo names "Godefridi comitis de Kuc [et] fratre suo Herimanno" recording that the emperor confiscated their ancestral lands[853]. “Alveradis mulier nobilis” donated property to Marienweerd, with the consent of “filiis suis Godefrido et Herimanno”, by charter dated 1129[854]. Lothar King of Germany confirmed property of Duisburg by charter dated 8 May 1129 witnessed by "…Comites: Gerhardus Longus de Gelere, Arnoldus de Cliue, Hermannus de Caluerlage, Hermannus de Salmene, Otto de Rinecke, Florentius de Hollande, Gerhardus de Hostad, Bernhardus de Hildenesheim, Godefridus et Hermannus de Cuch, Adolfus de Berge…"[855]. Lothar King of Germany confirmed the donation to Kloster Siegburg made by "Alverada de Cuck cum suis liberis" by charter dated 2 May 1131 witnessed by "…Comes Gerhardus de Iuliaco, Comes Adolfus de Saffenberch, Gerhardus Hostath, Godefridus et frater eius Herimannus de Chuh, Gerhardus de Mulenarca…"[856]. Graf von Arnsberg [1130].

- GRAFEN von ARNSBERG.

ii) HERMANN von Malsen (-1167 or after). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Godefridus…de Arnsberch ac Hermannus de Kuyc famosi comites et…fratres"[857]. The Annalista Saxo names "Godefridi comitis de Kuc [et] fratre suo Herimanno" recording that the emperor confiscated their ancestral lands[858]. Heer van Kuyc en Grave. “Alveradis mulier nobilis” donated property to Marienweerd, with the consent of “filiis suis Godefrido et Herimanno”, by charter dated 1129[859]. Lothar King of Germany confirmed property of Duisburg by charter dated 8 May 1129 witnessed by "…Comites: …Godefridus et Hermannus de Cuch…"[860]. Lothar King of Germany confirmed the donation to Kloster Siegburg made by "Alverada de Cuck cum suis liberis" by charter dated 2 May 1131 witnessed by "…Comes Gerhardus de Iuliaco, Comes Adolfus de Saffenberch, Gerhardus Hostath, Godefridus et frater eius Herimannus de Chuh, Gerhardus de Mulenarca…"[861]. Konrad III King of Germany dismissed claims by "comes Adelbertus de Noruenich" to property "in silva…Osninch" claimed from Kloster Brauweiler by charter dated 14 Sep 1141, witnessed by "…comes Arnoldus de Cleuia, comes Adolfus de Monte, comes Heinricus de Gelra, comes Adolfus de Saphenberch, Gerardus puer comes de Iuliaco, Godefridus de Arnesberch, Herimannus de Cuich…"[862]. Stadgraaf van Utrecht.

- HEREN van KUYC, STADGRAVEN van UTRECHT, HEREN toe HERPEN en MERUM[863].

iii) ALEIDIS . The Annales Egmundani name "Aleida" as sister of "Godefridus [de Arnesburch] et Hermannus [de Kuk]" and wife of "Arnoldi de Rothen "[864]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Godefridus…de Arnsberch ac Hermannus de Kuyc famosi comites et…fratres" had "neptim…Heylwigim, ex Adelheydi sorore sua ac Arnoldo de Rothem" specifying that "Hermannus…avunculus" became her guardian after her parents died[865]. Heiress of the Waldgrafschaft Osning. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. m firstly ([1120]) ARNOLD van [Rode], son of --- (-killed before 1131). Burchard Bishop of Utrecht recorded a dispute between the churches of St. Marten and St. Bonifacius and “Arnoldum de Rothe et Henricum de Kuch ipsorumque coheredes” by charter dated 13 Aug 1108[866]. The Chronicle of Saint-Trond records disputes between the abbey and “homo nobilis sed tyrannus crudelis Arnulfus de castello Rode”[867]. The Annales Egmundani records that the father of "Heilwivam" was killed ("post occisionem patris...eius")[868]. m secondly ([1133]) ADALBERT [II] Graf von Saffenberg und Nörvenich, son of --- (-1152 or after). Arnold & his wife had one child:

(a) HEILWIVA . The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Godefridus…de Arnsberch ac Hermannus de Kuyc famosi comites et…fratres" had "neptim…Heylwigim, ex Adelheydi sorore sua ac Arnoldo de Rothem" specifying that "Hermannus…avunculus" became her guardian after her parents died[869]. The Annales Egmundani record “Godefridum [...de Arnesburch] et Hermannus [...de Kuk] nobiles viri et famois neptem ex sorore Aleida...filiam Arnoldi de Rothen...Heilwivam", noting that "Hermannus avunculus" governed her lands after her father was killed and her mother died (“post occisionem patris et obitum matris eius”) and opposed her marriage to “Florentius” [Floris “de Zwarte”, brother of Dirk VI Count of Holland] who was killed in the course of the subsequent dispute[870]. Wouters records that Heilwiva [Hedwig] later married “Gisbert seigneur de Bronckhorst”, noting that she was heiress of Reckheim (no source cited)[871]. The primary source which records her marriage has not been identified. [m ([after 1134]) GIJSBRECHT [I] van Bronkhorst, son of --- (-7 Sep ----).]

iv) ANDREAS (-1165 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Provost of St Petrus, Utrecht 1155/65.

b) ANDREAS (-23 Jun 1139, bur Utrecht cathedral). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Andreas van Cuck" was installed in 1128 as twenty-fifth bishop of Utrecht and was the son "des graven van Cucks…Hermen"[872]. Provost at Emmerich. Archdeacon and provost of St Lambert, Liège. Bishop of Utrecht 1128. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that Andreas Bishop of Utrecht died in 1138 and was buried in Utrecht cathedral[873].

c) GOTFRID (-after 1135). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Provost at Xanten. [Provost at St Severin, Köln.] Elected Archbishop of Köln 1131. Canon at Steinfeld 1135.

Chapter 11. GRAVEN van WALCHEREN

Van den Bergh records that south of the river Maas were located the so-called "Frankish" counties of Holtland, Schouwen, Beveland, Walcheren, Strijen and Taxandrie. To the south of Holtland, the island counties of Schouwen (Scaldis)[874], Beveland (Bevelanda)[875], and Walcheren (Walchra) lay off the coast of the province of Noordbrabant[876]. Vanderkindere amalgamates these three counties into pagus Maritima[877], but its status is unclear. It is possible that he is extrapolating the existence of a separate pagus from the reference in the Annales Bertiniani in 837 to "Frisiæ Maritimæque", which from the context includes at least the island of Walcheren[878]. The Annales Fuldenses name "Eggihardum" as count of Walcheren when recording that he was killed by the Vikings in 837[879], and the Annales Bertiniani that "Gualacras" (Walcheren) was granted to "Herioldo" by Emperor Lothaire in 841[880].

1. EKKEHARD (-killed in battle Walcheren 17 Jun 837). Graaf van Walcheren. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Nordmanni" exacted tribute in "Walchram insulam", where "Eggihardum eiusdem loci comitem et Hemmingum Halbdani filium" were killed "837 XV Kal Iul" and "Dorestadum" was devastated[881].

Chapter 12. MARCH of FRISIA

The March of Frisia was presumably established by the kings of Germany as a response to the activities of Dirk III Count of Holland, whom Thietmar records (as "Dietrich the empress's nephew") attacked Adalbold Bishop of Utrecht in 1018, before his forces were attacked by the Frisians and suffered numerous casualties[882]. The precise date when the March was first established is not known. Liudolf von Braunschweig is the first person who appears with the title, from 1028. His candidature was presumably approved because his paternal grandfather, Ekbert [I] "der Einäugige", held counties in Frisia (see the introductions to Chapters 8 and 9 above). According to Vanderkindere, Liudolf's son and grandson, both named Ekbert, were also installed in the march of Frisia[883]. Although the primary sources indicate that they held land in Frisia, their march was Meissen. Heinrich Graf von Northeim, whose wife was heiress of the Brunswick family, was installed as Markgraf in Frisia in 1101 but was killed while trying to subdue the territory.

1. LIUDOLF von Braunschweig, son of BRUNO [I] [von Braunschweig] & his wife Gisela of Swabia ([1003/05]-23 Apr 1038). The Annalista Saxo names "Liudolfus comes Saxonicus, filius Brunonis de Bruneswic et Gisle inperatricis", when recording his death[884]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1051 under which "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated "comitatum quem Brun eiusque filius noster frater Liutolfus nec non et eius filius Echbreht comites…in pagis Northduringen, Darlingen, Valen, Salthga, Grethe, Mulbeze" to the church of Hildesheim[885]. His birth date range is estimated assuming that he was "the young Count Liudolf" whom Thietmar notes was captured during a conflict with the Poles, dated to 1015[886], although it is not certain that this was the same person. Vajay[887] suggests a birth date range of [1006/08], which is more consistent with his mother's birth date but appears late for the 1015 capture. The Annalista Saxo records that "Liudolfus comes Saxonicus, filius Brunonis de Bruneswic et Gisle inperatricis" was killed "IX Kal Maii inmatura…cum maximo suorum conprovincialium merore"[888]. He was installed as Markgraf in Frisia by his stepfather Emperor Konrad II after 1 Jul 1028.

2. HEINRICH "der Fette" Graf von Northeim, son of OTTO Graf von Northeim Duke of Bavaria & his wife Richenza of Swabia [Ezzonen] (-killed in battle Norden, Frisia 1101). The Annalista Saxo names "Heinricum Crassum comitem…Sifridum de Boumeneburh et Cononem comitem de Bichlinge et tres filias" as children of Otto von Northeim & his wife[889]. The Annales Stadenses name (in order) "Heinricum Crassum…Cononem comitem de Bichilinc…Sifridum de Bomeneburgh" as the three sons of Otto, specifying that Heinrich "fuit lantgravius, patrem Rekinsem imperatoris" and that he was killed at Norden in Frisia[890]. Graf von Northeim. He founded Kloster Bursfeld, as shown by the charter dated 23 Jul 1144 under which "Henricus dux Saxonie" confirmed the privileges of Kloster Bursfeld, founded by "comes Henricus filius Ottonis ducis, proavus meus"[891]. The Annalista Saxo records that he was installed as Markgraf in Frisia by Emperor Heinrich III in 1101 but was killed while attempting to subdue the territory[892]. The Annales Corbeienses record that "Heinricus comes Pinguis" was killed in 1101[893].

Chapter 13. GRAVEN van BENTHEIM

The county of Bentheim was located west of the county of Tecklenburg and the river Ems, north of the territories of the bishopric of Münster and east of those of the bishopric of Utrecht.

OTTO of Holland, son of DIRK VI Count of Holland & his wife Sophie von Rheineck ([1140/45]-[1208/13 Feb 1209]). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Florencium succedentem Hollandie principem, Ottonem de Benthem comitem, Balduinem pontificum, Theodricum antistitem, Peregrinum presidem, Sophiam abbatissam, Hadewigim sanctimonialem et Petronellam…domicellam" as the children of Count Dirk VI & his wife[894]. Graaf van Bentheim. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Otto de Hollandia filius sororis sue" inherited "comitatum de Benthem" after "Otto palatinus comes de Rinegh castellanus in Benthem sororius Theodrici comitis Hollandie" was murdered by "Hermanno comite de Stalik"[895]. The Annales Egmundani record the visit to Jerusalem in 1173 of "Sophia comitissa Hollandensis et filio suo Ottone"[896]. The Gesta Episcopum Traiectensium records the conflict between "duos fratres de Frisia oriundus de Berum, Ludolfum et Leffardum" and "Ottone comite palatino Reni qui Bentheim possedat"[897]. "Frater episcopi Balduini Otto comes de Benthem" made war at Drenthen against "Covordiæ præfectos", dated to 1196[898]. "Theodericus…comes et A. uxor mea Hollandiæ comitissa…et avunculus noster Otto comes de Benethem et soror eius Sophia abbatissa" confirmed donations to Rijnsburg by "beatæ memoriæ Sophia quondam Hollandiæ comitissa", for the souls of "præmemoratæ Sophiæ comitissæ et mariti eius Theoderici comitis", by charter dated 1202[899]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Wilhelmus comes Orientalis Frisie" conspired after the death of his brother Count Dirk VII in 1203, with the support of "Florencius frater suus Traiectensis prepositus, Otto comes de Benthem ipsius patruus" and others, against "Ludovicum comitem de Loon…ac Adelheidim Hollandie viduam"[900]. "Othonis comitis de Benthehem, Balduyni filii eius…" witnessed the charter dated Mar 1204 under which records a treaty between Dirk VII Count of Holland donated property to the church of Alne[901].

m ALVERADE von Arnsberg, daughter of GOTTFRIED [I] Graf von Arnsberg [Kuyc] & his wife Ida [Jutta] von Arnsberg (-after 1205). The Annales Egmundani refer to "Ottonem fratrem Florentii Hollandensis comitis" as "Heinricus comes de Arnesburg generum suum"[902]. The primary source which confirms her precise parentage and her name has not yet been identified. Heiress of Malsen.

Otto [I] & his wife had two children:

1. EGBERT (-murdered before 1211). "…Hugo de Vorren, Egbertus de Benthem, Boidekinus frater suus…" witnessed the charter dated 13 Feb 1209 under which Willem I Count of Holland donated property in Noordbeveland to Middelburg abbey[903].

2. BOUDEWIJN [I] van Bentheim (-before 9 May 1248). "Othonis comitis de Benthehem, Balduyni filii eius…" witnessed the charter dated Mar 1204 under which records a treaty between Dirk VII Count of Holland donated property to the church of Alne[904]. "…Hugo de Vorren, Egbertus de Benthem, Boidekinus frater suus…" witnessed the charter dated 13 Feb 1209 under which Willem I Count of Holland donated property in Noordbeveland to Middelburg abbey[905]. Graaf van Bentheim. Regent of Holland. "Balduinus…comes de Benthem et procurator Hollandie" donated property to Middelburg abbey by charter dated 1218 "coram me et domino Theodrico de Vorne" in the presence of "domini Th. de Vorne castellani…"[906]. "Balduinus comes de Benthem, Wilhelmus de Egmonde, Jacobus castellanus de Leydeu…" witnessed the charter dated May 1223 under which Floris IV Count of Holland "et Theodoricus dominus de Voirne, castellanus Zelandie" held court at Westkappel[907]. Burggraaf van Utrecht. "Baltwinus comes in Benthem, Otto eius primogenitus" donated property to St Marie at Wittmarssen, for the souls of "Jutte uxoris nostre, necnon et nostri Ottonis et coniugis ipsius Helewigis", by charter dated 1246[908]. m JUTTA, daughter of --- (-after 1246). "Baltwinus comes in Benthem, Otto eius primogenitus" donated property to St Marie at Wittmarssen, for the souls of "Jutte uxoris nostre, necnon et nostri Ottonis et coniugis ipsius Helewigis", by charter dated 1246[909]. Boudewijn [I] & his wife had four children:

a) OTTO [II] van Bentheim (-1279 or after). "Baltwinus comes in Benthem, Otto eius primogenitus" donated property to St Marie at Wittmarssen, for the souls of "Jutte uxoris nostre, necnon et nostri Ottonis et coniugis ipsius Helewigis", by charter dated 1246[910]. Graaf van Bentheim 1248. Graf von Tecklenburg 1264. "Otto comes in Benthem et H. comes in Aldenburg, ambo comites in Tekeneborg" donated property to Bersenbrugge convent by charter dated 1264[911]. "Otto comes de Benthem" transferred "totum dominium nostrum in Malsen" to "fratri nostro Egberto", on the advice of "Ludolfi de Stenvordia nepotis nostri, Ottonis filii nostri", by charter dated 1267[912]. Teutonic Knight 1277. m firstly (before 23 Apr 1246) HEILWIG von Tecklenburg, daughter of OTTO [I] Graf von Tecklenburg & his wife Mechtild von Holstein (-1264 or after). "Baltwinus comes in Benthem, Otto eius primogenitus" donated property to St Marie at Wittmarssen, for the souls of "Jutte uxoris nostre, necnon et nostri Ottonis et coniugis ipsius Helewigis", by charter dated 1246[913]. Heiress of Tecklenburg. m secondly JUTTA, daughter of ---. [1272]. Otto [II] & his first wife had three children: .

i) OTTO [III] van Bentheim (-1285). "Otto comes de Benthem" transferred "totum dominium nostrum in Malsen" to "fratri nostro Egberto", on the advice of "Ludolfi de Stenvordia nepotis nostri, Ottonis filii nostri", by charter dated 1267[914]. Graf von Tecklenburg 1277.

- GRAFEN von TECKLENBURG.

ii) EGBERT [I] van Bentheim (-before 25 Jun 1307). "Egbertus comes in Benthem" confirmed the donation to the church of Renen by "Otto noster genitor comes in Benthem" by charter dated 1277[915]. Graaf van Bentheim.

- see below.

iii) GERTRUD . Abbess of Metelen 1287.

b) EGBERT . "Otto comes de Benthem" transferred "totum dominium nostrum in Malsen" to "fratri nostro Egberto", on the advice of "Ludolfi de Stenvordia nepotis nostri, Ottonis filii nostri", by charter dated 1267[916]. 1267/1284.

c) ELISABETH (-after 1 Jun 1270). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 1267 under which "Otto comes de Benthem" transferred "totum dominium nostrum in Malsen" to "fratri nostro Egberto", on the advice of [her son] "Ludolfi de Stenvordia nepotis nostri, Ottonis filii nostri"[917]. “Ludolphus de Steinvorde noblis homo...et uxor nostra Lisa liberi nostri Ludolphus, Balduwinus et Aleidis” donated “domum in Aa...” to the Knights of St. John at Steinfurt by charter dated 1244[918]. “Ludolphus vir nobilis de Stenvorde” sold “domum meam Amenhorst...in parochia Ulethe” to Kloster Marienfeld, with the consent of “Lise uxoris mee, Ludolphi et Boldewini filiorum meorum”, by charter dated 1245[919]. “Ludolfus Baldewinus et Otto fratres domini de Stenvorde...cum Johannes frater noster” donated “patronatus ecclesie in Stenvorde” to the Knights of St. John at Steinfurt by charter dated 1 Jun 1270, witnessed by “Elizabeth matre nostra, sorore nostra de Wickerode, et Jutta et Elizabeth uxoribus nostris...L. et B.”[920]. m LUDOLF [IV] von Steinfurt, son of LUDOLF [III] von Steinfurt & his wife --- (-after 1245).

d) BERTHA . m as his first wife, HEINRICH [II] Graf von Dale, son of OTTO [I] Graf von Dale [Hainaut] & his wife Richarda von Altena [Berg]. 1241/1272.

EGBERT [I] van Bentheim, son of OTTO [II] Graaf van Bentheim & his first wife Heilwig von Tecklenburg (-before 25 Jun 1307). "Egbertus comes in Benthem" confirmed the donation to the church of Renen by "Otto noster genitor comes in Benthem" by charter dated 1277, which refers to "sororio nostro juniori comiti de Oudenborch"[921]. Graaf van Bentheim. "Ecbertus comes in Benthem" donated property to the abbey of Wittmarssen, with the consent of "dominæ Hadewigis uxoris nostræ cometissæ in Benthem, liberorum nostrorum Ottonis, Joannis et Ecberti iam natorum", by charter dated 29 Aug 1283[922]. "Ecbertus…comes in Benthem et Hadewigis comitissa uxor ipsius cum filiis et filiabus eorundem…Ottone, Johanne, Ecberto, Helewige et Oda" resigned the advocacy of Marienrode (Wittmarssen) by charter dated 13 Apr 1285[923]. "Ecbertus comes de Benthem" granted privileges to the town of Scuttorpe, with the consent of "Hadewigis uxoris nostre, Ottonis et aliorum filiorum nostrorum", by charter dated Nov 1295[924]. "Egbertus comes in Benthem" granted privileges to the the abbey of Marienrode (Wittmarssen), with the consent of "heredum nostrorum Joannis, Egberti", by charter dated 19 Jan 1299, which is also signed by his unnamed wife[925].

m (before 5 Jun 1277, Papal dispensation 4^o Rome 28 Jan 1289) HEDWIG von Oldenburg, daughter of JOHANN [I] Graf von Oldenburg & his wife Richza von Hoya (-after 19 Jan 1299). "Ecbertus comes in Benthem" donated property to the abbey of Wittmarssen, with the consent of "dominæ Hadewigis uxoris nostræ cometissæ in Benthem, liberorum nostrorum Ottonis, Joannis et Ecberti iam natorum", by charter dated 29 Aug 1283[926]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1277 under which her husband "Egbertus comes in Benthem" confirmed the donation to the church of Renen by "Otto noster genitor comes in Benthem" and which refers to "sororio nostro juniori comiti de Oudenborch"[927]. "Ecbertus…comes in Benthem et Hadewigis comitissa uxor ipsius cum filiis et filiabus eorundem…Ottone, Johanne, Ecberto, Helewige et Oda" resigned the advocacy of Marienrode (Wittmarssen) by charter dated 13 Apr 1285[928]. "Ecbertus comes de Benthem" granted privileges to the town of Scuttorpe, with the consent of "Hadewigis uxoris nostre, Ottonis et aliorum filiorum nostrorum", by charter dated Nov 1295[929].

Egbert [I] & his wife had thirteen children:

1. OTTO (-[Nov 1295/1296]). "Ecbertus comes in Benthem" donated property to the abbey of Wittmarssen, with the consent of "dominæ Hadewigis uxoris nostræ cometissæ in Benthem, liberorum nostrorum Ottonis, Joannis et Ecberti iam natorum", by charter dated 29 Aug 1283[930]. "Ecbertus…comes in Benthem et Hadewigis comitissa uxor ipsius cum filiis et filiabus eorundem…Ottone, Johanne, Ecberto, Helewige et Oda" resigned the advocacy of Marienrode (Wittmarssen) by charter dated 13 Apr 1285[931]. "Ecbertus comes de Benthem" granted privileges to the town of Scuttorpe, with the consent of "Hadewigis uxoris nostre, Ottonis et aliorum filiorum nostrorum", by charter dated Nov 1295[932]. Otto must have died soon after the date of this charter as his parents had another son, who was given the same name, and who is unlikely to have been born much later than [1296] considering the date of his parents’ marriage. The fact that Otto’s younger brother Jan succeeded their father as Graaf van Bentheim indicates that there were probably two sons named Otto, the older one having predeceased their father.

2. JAN [II] van Bentheim (-before 21 Jul 1333). "Ecbertus comes in Benthem" donated property to the abbey of Wittmarssen, with the consent of "dominæ Hadewigis uxoris nostræ cometissæ in Benthem, liberorum nostrorum Ottonis, Joannis et Ecberti iam natorum", by charter dated 29 Aug 1283[933]. "Ecbertus…comes in Benthem et Hadewigis comitissa uxor ipsius cum filiis et filiabus eorundem…Ottone, Johanne, Ecberto, Helewige et Oda" resigned the advocacy of Marienrode (Wittmarssen) by charter dated 13 Apr 1285[934]. "Egbertus comes in Benthem" granted privileges to the the abbey of Marienrode (Wittmarssen), with the consent of "heredum nostrorum Joannis, Egberti", by charter dated 19 Jan 1299, which is also signed by his unnamed wife[935]. Graaf van Bentheim. "Jhan graven van Benthem" swore allegiance to the bishop of Utrecht by charter dated 1307[936]. Guy Bishop of Utrecht granted "de Borchgravescap van Utrecht" to "Jonchere Jan Grave van Benthem" by charter dated 25 Jun 1307[937]. "Joannes comes in Benthem, Egbertus vicedominus Monasteriensis, Christianus et Baldwinus Bremensis et Osnaburgensis ecclesiarum canonici et Otto fratres" appointed a judge at Utrecht by charter dated 21 Apr 1312[938]. "Johannes…comes in Benthem necnon domina Mechtildis cometissa uxor nostra" donated property to the church of Velthusen by charter dated 23 Jun 1317, which names "filio Symone nostro primogenito"[939]. "Johann…Edelman greve van Benthem, Mechtold grevinne unse echte wijf, her Boldewijn unse broder, Symon, Otto, Johann, Hazeke, Tale, Lise unse Kinder" granted property to "Godeurede van Borckelo" by charter dated 1324[940]. “Johannes comes de Benthem, Mechtildis uxor eius...Simon et Otto eorum conjugem liberi” sold certain properties to the bishop of Utrecht by charter dated 10 Apr 1328[941]. The date of death is set by the charter dated 21 Jul 1333 in which "Ecbertus nobilis de Benthem, vicedominus ecclesie Monasteriensis" names "quondam Johanne comite in Bentheim fratre nostro…Symon primogenitus eius"[942]. m MECHTILD zur Lippe, daughter of SIMON [I] Herr zur Lippe & his wife Adelheid von Waldeck (-after 1366). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. "Johannes…comes in Benthem necnon domina Mechtildis cometissa uxor nostra" donated property to the church of Velthusen by charter dated 23 Jun 1317, which names "filio Symone nostro primogenito"[943]. "Johann…Edelman greve van Benthem, Mechtold grevinne unse echte wijf, her Boldewijn unse broder, Symon, Otto, Johann, Hazeke, Tale, Lise unse Kinder" granted property to "Godeurede van Borckelo" by charter dated 1324[944]. “Johannes comes de Benthem, Mechtildis uxor eius...Simon et Otto eorum conjugem liberi” sold certain properties to the bishop of Utrecht by charter dated 10 Apr 1328[945]. Jan [II] & his wife had eight children:

a) SIMON [I] van Bentheim (-1344). "Johannes…comes in Benthem necnon domina Mechtildis cometissa uxor nostra" donated property to the church of Velthusen by charter dated 23 Jun 1317, which names "filio Symone nostro primogenito"[946]. "Johann…Edelman greve van Benthem, Mechtold grevinne unse echte wijf, her Boldewijn unse broder, Symon, Otto, Johann, Hazeke, Tale, Lise unse Kinder" granted property to "Godeurede van Borckelo" by charter dated 1324[947]. “Johannes comes de Benthem, Mechtildis uxor eius...Simon et Otto eorum conjugem liberi” sold certain properties to the bishop of Utrecht by charter dated 10 Apr 1328[948]. Graaf van Bentheim. Ludwig Bishop of Münster confirmed the donation by "nobiles viri Balduinus, Otto, Egbertus, Simon et Joannes comites in Benthem" of "ecclesiæ in Schuttorp" to the abbey of Marienrode (Wietmarssen) by charter dated "in crastino Palmarum" [31 Mar] 1341[949]. "Simon comes in Benthem" donated property to the new church near Bentheim, with the consent of "dominorum Othonis prepositi Paderburnensis, Cristiani et Bernardi, fratrum nostrorum", by charter dated 25 Jul 1341[950]. m as her first husband, KATHARINA von Steinfurt, daughter of LUDOLF [VI] Herr von Steinfurt & his wife ---. 1334/1372. The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not been identified. She married secondly ([1355/59]) Dirk van Broich.

b) OTTO [III] van Bentheim (-after 5 Nov 1379). "Johann…Edelman greve van Benthem, Mechtold grevinne unse echte wijf, her Boldewijn unse broder, Symon, Otto, Johann, Hazeke, Tale, Lise unse Kinder" granted property to "Godeurede van Borckelo" by charter dated 1324[951]. “Johannes comes de Benthem, Mechtildis uxor eius...Simon et Otto eorum conjugem liberi” sold certain properties to the bishop of Utrecht by charter dated 10 Apr 1328[952]. Provost at Paderborn 1341 until 1379. "Simon comes in Benthem" donated property to the new church near Bentheim, with the consent of "dominorum Othonis prepositi Paderburnensis, Cristiani et Bernardi, fratrum nostrorum", by charter dated 25 Jul 1341[953]. Graaf van Bentheim. He resigned his titles in 1364. Provost at Münster 1380.

c) JAN (-after 1324). "Johann…Edelman greve van Benthem, Mechtold grevinne unse echte wijf, her Boldewijn unse broder, Symon, Otto, Johann, Hazeke, Tale, Lise unse Kinder" granted property to "Godeurede van Borckelo" by charter dated 1324[954].

d) HEDWIG (-after 1371). "Johann…Edelman greve van Benthem, Mechtold grevinne unse echte wijf, her Boldewijn unse broder, Symon, Otto, Johann, Hazeke, Tale, Lise unse Kinder" granted property to "Godeurede van Borckelo" by charter dated 1324[955]. 1347/1371. Bentheim was inherited by her descendants. m (before 7 Mar 1347) EVERWIN von Götterswick, son of --- (-[1 Jan/20 Aug] 1378).

e) TALE (-after 1324). "Johann…Edelman greve van Benthem, Mechtold grevinne unse echte wijf, her Boldewijn unse broder, Symon, Otto, Johann, Hazeke, Tale, Lise unse Kinder" granted property to "Godeurede van Borckelo" by charter dated 1324[956].

f) ELISABETH (-3 Oct 1372). "Johann…Edelman greve van Benthem, Mechtold grevinne unse echte wijf, her Boldewijn unse broder, Symon, Otto, Johann, Hazeke, Tale, Lise unse Kinder" granted property to "Godeurede van Borckelo" by charter dated 1324[957]. Abbess of Heerse.

g) CHRISTIAN (-after 20 Jan 1401). "Simon comes in Benthem" donated property to the new church near Bentheim, with the consent of "dominorum Othonis prepositi Paderburnensis, Cristiani et Bernardi, fratrum nostrorum", by charter dated 25 Jul 1341[958]. Canon at Köln cathedral. “Methildis comitissa cometie Benthem Colon.” requested Pope Clement VI to grant “canonicatu eccl. Colon. sub expectatione prebende” to "filio suo Cristiano de Benthem", dated 10 Jan 1347[959]. Provost at Münster 1361.

h) BERNHARD [I] van Bentheim (-30 Oct 1421). "Simon comes in Benthem" donated property to the new church near Bentheim, with the consent of "dominorum Othonis prepositi Paderburnensis, Cristiani et Bernardi, fratrum nostrorum", by charter dated 25 Jul 1341[960]. Canon at Münster. Canon of Köln St. Gereon. “Methildis comitissa cometie Benthem Colon.” requested Pope Clement VI to grant “canonicatu eccl. Colon. sub expectatione prebende” to "filio suo Cristiano de Benthem", and also “canonicatu eccl. S. Gereonis Colon. sub expectatione prebende” to “filio suo Bernardo de Benthem clerico Monaster dioc.”, dated 10 Jan 1347[961]. Graaf van Bentheim. m (contract [Oct/Dec] 1370) PERONNETTE von Steinfurt, daughter of BALDUIN [II] Graf von Steinfurt & his wife --- ([1358/59]-after 29 Sep 1404). The marriage contract between "Beernt Greve van Benthem" and "Heren van Stenvorde…dochter…Bernette twelf Jar old" is dated 1370, after early Oct[962].

3. EGBERT (-after 21 Jul 1333). "Ecbertus comes in Benthem" donated property to the abbey of Wittmarssen, with the consent of "dominæ Hadewigis uxoris nostræ cometissæ in Benthem, liberorum nostrorum Ottonis, Joannis et Ecberti iam natorum", by charter dated 29 Aug 1283[963]. "Ecbertus…comes in Benthem et Hadewigis comitissa uxor ipsius cum filiis et filiabus eorundem…Ottone, Johanne, Ecberto, Helewige et Oda" resigned the advocacy of Marienrode (Wittmarssen) by charter dated 13 Apr 1285[964]. "Egbertus comes in Benthem" granted privileges to the the abbey of Marienrode (Wittmarssen), with the consent of "heredum nostrorum Joannis, Egberti", by charter dated 19 Jan 1299, which is also signed by his unnamed wife[965]. "Joannes comes in Benthem, Egbertus vicedominus Monasteriensis, Christianus et Baldwinus Bremensis et Osnaburgensis ecclesiarum canonici et Otto fratres" appointed a judge at Utrecht by charter dated 21 Apr 1312[966]. Archdeacon at Stromberg. "Ecbertus nobilis de Benthem, vicedominus ecclesie Monasteriensis" names "quondam Johanne comite in Bentheim fratre nostro…Symon primogenitus eius" in a charter dated 21 Jul 1333[967].

4. HEILWIG (-after 23 Feb 1358). "Ecbertus…comes in Benthem et Hadewigis comitissa uxor ipsius cum filiis et filiabus eorundem…Ottone, Johanne, Ecberto, Helewige et Oda" resigned the advocacy of Marienrode (Wittmarssen) by charter dated 13 Apr 1285[968]. Prioress at Vreden. "Heylwigis de Benthem…præposita…eccles. Vredens" granted property by charters dated 1357 and 23 Feb 1358[969].

5. ODA . "Ecbertus…comes in Benthem et Hadewigis comitissa uxor ipsius cum filiis et filiabus eorundem…Ottone, Johanne, Ecberto, Helewige et Oda" resigned the advocacy of Marienrode (Wittmarssen) by charter dated 13 Apr 1285[970]. Abbess of Metelen. 1345

6. HEINRICH . Canon at St Cassius, Bonn 1311. Priest at Bochum 1314. Priest at Bakel 1345.

7. CHRISTIAN (-after 21 Apr 1312). "Joannes comes in Benthem, Egbertus vicedominus Monasteriensis, Christianus et Baldwinus Bremensis et Osnaburgensis ecclesiarum canonici et Otto fratres" appointed a judge at Utrecht by charter dated 21 Apr 1312[971].

8. BOUDEWIJN (-after 1324). "Joannes comes in Benthem, Egbertus vicedominus Monasteriensis, Christianus et Baldwinus Bremensis et Osnaburgensis ecclesiarum canonici et Otto fratres" appointed a judge at Utrecht by charter dated 21 Apr 1312[972]. "Johann…Edelman greve van Benthem, Mechtold grevinne unse echte wijf, her Boldewijn unse broder, Symon, Otto, Johann, Hazeke, Tale, Lise unse Kinder" granted property to "Godeurede van Borckelo" by charter dated 1324[973].

9. ODILIA . 1285. Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the charter dated 1323 under which her son "Johannes de Almelo" distributed his inheritance, on the advice of "Johannis comitis in Benthem nostri avunculi"[974], and another charter dated 1323 which names her sons "Johannes de Almelo…Ecberto fratre nostro" and "Johannis comitis in Benthem nostri avunculi"[975]. m ARNOLD van Almelo, son of --- (-[1307/08]).

10. WIGBOLD (-before 1351). "Johan Sloet" declared that he held had property from "Junchheren Wybbolde van Benthem" and now from "mynen heren Greve Otten van Benthem", by charter dated 1351[976].

11. MACHORIUS . 1324.

12. JUTTA . Canoness at Vreden.

13. LISA (-before 1329). Abbess of Freckenhorst 1324.

14. OTTO ([1296/97]-after 21 Apr 1312). "Joannes comes in Benthem, Egbertus vicedominus Monasteriensis, Christianus et Baldwinus Bremensis et Osnaburgensis ecclesiarum canonici et Otto fratres" appointed a judge at Utrecht by charter dated 21 Apr 1312[977]. The order of the names of the appointees suggests that Otto was the youngest brother and that he could not therefore have been the same son as Otto who is named in charters until 1295 (see above).

1. EVERWIN von Götterswick, son of --- (-[1 Jan/20 Aug] 1378). m (before 7 Mar 1347) HEDWIG van Bentheim, daughter of JAN [II] Graaf van Bentheim & his wife Mechtild zur Lippe (-after 1371). "Johann…Edelman greve van Benthem, Mechtold grevinne unse echte wijf, her Boldewijn unse broder, Symon, Otto, Johann, Hazeke, Tale, Lise unse Kinder" granted property to "Godeurede van Borckelo" by charter dated 1324[978]. Bentheim was inherited by her descendants. Everwin & his wife had children:

a) ARNOLD von Götterswick (-9 May 1403). m as her first husband, MECHTILD [Metza] von Reifferscheid, daughter of REINHARD [I] Herr von Reifferscheid & his wife Maria de Looz (-after 22 Nov 1424). Fahne records her parentage and two marriages, noting that she renounced her father’s succession 1389 (no source cited)[979]: “Arnold van Goeterswich und Metza van Reifferscheidt ehelich Weiff Arnoldts vurschr.” renounced the succession of “Reinhardt Herr zu Reifferscheidt ind zu Bedtbur...Vader mein Metzen vurschr.” by charter dated 11 Aug 1389[980]. She married secondly Wilhelm Herr von Saffenberg. Follow his hyperlink for later charters. Arnold & his wife had children:

i) EVERWIN von Götterswick (-[4/7] Mar 1454). Graaf van Bentheim, after the death in 1421 of his great uncle Bernhard [I] Graaf van Bentheim (see above). m firstly (contract 24 Jun 1404) MECHTILD von Steinfurt, daughter of LUDOLF [VIII] Herr zu Steinfurt & his wife Lukkard [von Holstein-Schauenburg] (-17 Mar 1420). "Bernd Greve to Benthem…[und] den Edelen manne Ludolve heren to Stenforde" agreed the marriage of "unse neue Everwyn van Guterswyck" and "Juncfrou Metten…dochter Ludolves", and that Mechtild would inherit Steinfurt after her father’s death and Everwin Bentheim after his uncle’s, by charter dated 24 Jun 1404[981]. m secondly GISBERTA van Bronkhorst, daughter of --- (-after 1489). Everwin had children by both wives:

- GRAVEN van BENTHEIM, HERREN von STEINFURT.

Chapter 14. GRAVEN van GELRE

A. GRAVEN van GELRE

The county of Gelre was located east of the county of Holland, south of the Zuider Zee, mainly south-east of the territories of the bishopric of Utrecht, and mostly north of the river Maas. About a quarter of the territory was “Opper-Gelre”, the original county to which other areas (including the county of Zutphen) were added later. Detailed geographical descriptions and maps are available on the internet which highlight the county’s position relative to neighbouring counties, in particular Holland, Kleve and Jülich, and the location of the two separate unities of the county[982]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records "Theodricus Hollandie, Henricus Gelrie, et Theodricus Clivie" as the principal vassals of the archbishop of Trier in 1156[983].

GERHARD von Wassenberg, son of DIETRICH "Flamens" Graf [von Wassenberg] & his wife --- (-[before 1129 or 24 Oct [1131]]). The Chronicon Huberti names "Gerardus et Gozwinus filius eius [=Theodericum]" in 1082[984]. Graf von Wassenberg. The Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium records that "Gerardum…de castello…Guassenberge et Gozwinum avunculum eius de castello…Heinesberge" introduced abbot Luipo into the abbey of Saint-Trond in 1085[985]. "Gerardus de Gelre, Arnoldus comes de Berge, Waleramus comes de Lemburg, Gerardus comes de Iuliaco…" signed the charter dated 1085 under which Friedrich Archbishop of Köln donated property to Kloster St Martin, Köln[986]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed a donation of property "in Traiecto quam comes Gerardus de Wassenbergen invaserat" to St Servatius, Maastricht by charter dated 1087[987]. Graaf van Gelre 1096: "…Gerardi comitis de Gelre et fratris eius Henrici…" witnessed the charter dated 1096 under which "Ida Boloniensis comitissa" donated property in "Genapia" to Afflighem abbey[988]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the donation of property "in Horenchusen…[et] in Dorwilere" made to Köln St Maria by "Meginherus de Randenrode cum neque uxorem neque filium haberet", in the presence of "fratre suo Hartberno", by charter dated 13 Apr 1104 witnessed by "Gerhart de Gelleron comes, Gerhart comes de Iulicho et frater eius Gerlach, Gerhart de Hochstaden, Dieterich de Mere, Heriman de Zulpico…"[989]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln donated serfs to Köln St Severin, with the consent of "Francone urbis nostre prefecto", by charter dated 1109, witnessed by "Gerhardo comite de Gelre, Adelberto de Safenberg, Adelberto de Nervennich, Herimanno de Udenkircha, Gerhardo de Julicho, Gerhardo de Hoinstathe, Gerlacho de Isenburch et fratre sui Regenbaldo, Harperno de Randenrothe…"[990]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln donated property to Kloster Rees by charter dated 1112 witnessed by "Henricus dux de Lintburg, Almer advocatus, Hugo, Adolf comes de Safenberk, Advocatus Teodericus, Comes Gerhardus et filius eius Gerhardus…"[991]. "…Gerhardus comes de Gelleren et filius eius Gerhardus…" witnessed the charter dated 1117 under which Friedrich Archbishop of Köln donated property to Meregelpe[992]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the dismissal of "comes Gerhardus et frater eius Heinricus" from the Vogteischaft of Kloster Siegburg by charter dated 5 Apr 1118 witnessed by "Comes Gerhardus et frater eius Heinricus, Comes Adolfus de Monte, Comes Adolfus de Saphenberg, Comes Gerhardus de Iuliaco, Gerhardus iunior filius Gerhardi, Gerhardus de Caesle, Arnulfus de Odenkirche"[993]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed donations to Kloster Dunwald and shared the Vogteischaft with "comitis Adolphi" by charter dated 1118 witnessed by "Adolfus comes de Monte et frater eius Euerhardus, Gerardus comes de Wassenberg […et filius eius Gerardus], Theodericus comes de Thonburch, Theodericus comes de Ara, domnus Goswinus de Hennesberg et frater eius Gerardus…Gerardus de Wyckerode…"[994]. "Comes Gerhardus" founded a church "in meo allodio Wassenberg" by charter dated 30 Sep 1118[995]. [Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed a donation to Kloster Siegburg by charter dated 1129 witnessed by "…Liberi. Paganus dux, Franco burgicomes, Gerhardus comes de Gelre, Adolfus comes de Monte, Adolfus comes de Saffenberg…"[996]. It is unclear whether this document refers to Gerhard [I] or Gerhard [II].] [The necrology of Wassenberg records the death 24 Oct [1131] of “dominus Gerardus Longus comes Gelrie, qui fuit fundator et dotator huius ecclesie in Wassenberg”[997]. It is unclear from this document whether it refers to Gerhard [I] or Gerhard [II].]

m [firstly] ---. The name and origin of the wife of Gerhard is not known.

[m [secondly] (after 1100?) as her [third] husband, CLEMENTIA, widow firstly of CONRAD [I] Comte [de Luxembourg] [and secondly of --- Graf von Gleiberg], daughter of --- (-4 Jan 1142). Follow her hyperlink for details of her first marriage and of her supposed second marriage. This third marriage is confirmed by the second version of a charter confirming the foundation of Kloster Schiffenberg, dated 1129, which records the donation made by "Clementia comitissa de Glizberc…per manum Gerhardi mariti sui comitis de Gelre"[998]. The donor is identified in other sources as the widow of Conrad [I] Comte [de Luxembourg]. Szabolcs de Vajay dismisses Clementia’s supposed third marriage, assuming that the document in question is spurious[999]. However, the language of the document is not obviously anachronistic, the only surprising element being the large number of witnesses whose names could have been added later. The doubt surrounding the authenticity of these documents is discussed at length by Wyss[1000]. This third marriage could also help explain the marriage of Clementia’s grandson by her first husband, Conrad [II] Comte de Luxembourg, with the widow of her third husband’s son by his first wife, which would presumably have been arranged by Clementia. Follow her hyperlink for discussion of her date of death.

Gerhard & his [first] wife had three children:

1. JUTTA ([1087]-Rolduc 24 Jun 1151, bur Rolduc [Rode] abbey). The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis" married "Yolendem…comitis de Ghelra filiam", and that "aliam…eiusdem comitis de Ghelra filiam" married "Henricus dux de Lemborch" who inherited "castrum Wassemberghe" from her, a later passage adding that the father of the daughters was "comitis de Ghelra Gerardi"[1001]. The chronology dictates that her husband was Walram [II] Graaf van Limburg not Hendrik. Heiress of Wassenberg. The Annales Rodenses record that in 1151 “Jutta ducissa, Walrami ducis de Leimburch uxor et Heinrici ejusdem ducis filii mater” donated “ecclesie...apud Lomunsheim” to Rolduc [Rode] abbey, died “VIII Kal Jul” and was buried in the abbey[1002]. Henri Bishop of Liège confirmed the donations made by "domina Jutta, nobilissima matrona uxor ducis Walrami de Lemburg" to Rolduc [Rode] abbey, with the consent of "filiis suis Domino Henrico et Gerardo" by charter dated 1151, which records the presence at her burial in Rolduc [Rode] of "filii eiusdem Henricus et Gerardus et filiolus Domini Heinrici, eiusdem nominis, Arnoldus quoque filius Ruberti comitis de Lunneburg natus ex domina Beatrice filia præfatæ dominæ, et Theodericus filius Ekberti comitis de Titkelenburg natus ex alia filia"[1003]. The necrology of Stavelot records the deaths "XVII Kal Aug" of "Walrani duci…dna Judith juge sua"[1004]. m ([1107/10]) WALRAM [II] "Paganus" van Limburg, son of HENDRIK [I] Graaf van Limburg, Duke of Lower Lotharingia & his [second] wife Adelheid von Botenstein ([1080/85]-6 Aug 1139). Comte d'Arlon. Graaf van Limburg. He was installed as WALERAN Duke of Lower Lotharingia in 1128.

2. YOLANDE van Gelre (-after 1122, bur Mons). The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis" married "Yolendem…comitis de Ghelra filiam", in a later passage naming them "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis, Balduini comitis et Yde comitisse filius" and "Yolendem comitis de Ghelra Gerardi filiam"[1005]. Heiress of Dodenweerd. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Hiolendem, filiam Gerardi Babinbergensis comitis" as wife Comte Baudouin, in breach of his vow to "Clementia Flandrensis comitissa" to marry "neptem suam" (who later married "Ludovico regi Francorum")[1006]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Yolendis de Gelra" as mother of "comiti Balduini de Haynaco"[1007]. The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Yoandis comitissa vidua" married secondly "Godefrido de Bochesin castellano Valencenensi", by whom she was mother of "filium…Godefridum et filiam Bertam [uxorem] comiti de Duraz, deinde nupsit Egidio de Sancto Oberto a quo filium…Gerardum et filiam…[uxorem] Nicholao de Barbencione"[1008]. Regent of Hainaut. m firstly ([1107]) BAUDOUIN III Comte de Hainaut, son of BAUDOUIN II Comte de Hainaut & his wife Ida de Louvain (1088-1120). m secondly GODEFROI [II] de Ribemont Châtelain de Valenciennes, son of GODEFROI [I] de Ribemont Châtelain de Valenciennes & his wife Agnes de Roucy.

3. GERHARD [II] (-24 Oct [1131], bur Wassenberg). Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln donated property to Kloster Rees by charter dated 1112 witnessed by "Henricus dux de Lintburg, Almer advocatus, Hugo, Adolf comes de Safenberk, Advocatus Teodericus, Comes Gerhardus et filius eius Gerhardus…"[1009]. "…Gerhardus comes de Gelleren et filius eius Gerhardus…" witnessed the charter dated 1117 under which Friedrich Archbishop of Köln donated property to Meregelpe[1010]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed donations to Kloster Dunwald and shared the Vogteischaft with "comitis Adolphi" by charter dated 1118 witnessed by "…Gerardus comes de Wassenberg […et filius eius Gerardus]…"[1011]. Graaf van Gelre. [Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed a donation to Kloster Siegburg by charter dated 1129 witnessed by "…Liberi. Paganus dux, Franco burgicomes, Gerhardus comes de Gelre, Adolfus comes de Monte, Adolfus comes de Saffenberg…"[1012]. It is unclear whether this document refers to Gerhard [I] or Gerhard [II].] The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Gherit" was installed as "grave van Gelre" in 1107 and died in 1131, adding that he married "greve Floris van Hollants dochter"[1013]. The last statement does not appear consistent with other sources. [The necrology of Wassenberg records the death 24 Oct [1131] of “dominus Gerardus Longus comes Gelrie, qui fuit fundator et dotator huius ecclesie in Wassenberg”[1014]. It is unclear from this document whether it refers to Gerhard [I] or Gerhard [II].] m ([1115/17]) as her first husband, ERMGARD van Zutphen, daughter of OTTO [II] "der Reiche" Graaf van Zutphen & his wife Judith --- (-after 1134). A charter dated 1134 records the donation by "Domina Ermengardis comitissa…hæres legitima oppidi Sutphaniensis…cum marito suo Cunrado comite de Lucelenburg et filio suo Henrico" of "ecclesiam Lochemensem", confirmed by the bishop of Utrecht, for the souls of "mariti sui Gerardi…domini Ottonis comitis patris sui et matris suæ Judithæ et fratrum suorum piæ memoriæ…episcopi Theodrici et comitum Henrici et Gerardi"[1015]. She married secondly ([1132/34]) Conrad II Comte de Luxembourg. Gerhard [II] & his wife had two children:

a) HENDRIK ([1117]-[27 May/10 Sep] 1182, bur Kloster Kamp). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Henderick" as son of "Gherit…grave van Gelre", adding that he succeeded his father in 1131[1016]. He succeeded as HENDRIK Graaf van Gelre, Graaf van Zutphen.

- see below.

b) SALOME (-before 1194). The Annales Stadenses refer to the wife of "Heinricum frater Christiani [de Aldenburg]" as "sororem comitis Heinrici de Gelre" but does not name her[1017]. A charter dated 1167 records the marriage of an unnamed daughter of Graf Heinrich and Wedekind von Stumpenhausen, and specifies that “Heinricus frater Cristiani”, who had married “sororem Heinrici comitis de Gelre” by whom he had “Heinricum et Gerardum postea clericam et filiam quam duxit Wedekindus de Stumpenhusen filius Geronis”[1018]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m HEINRICH [I] Graf von [Wildeshausen], son of EGILMAR [II] Graf & his wife Eilika von Rietberg (-1167).

HENDRIK van Gelre, son of GERHARD [II] Graaf van Gelre & his wife Ermgard van Zutphen ([1117]-[27 May/10 Sep] 1182, bur Kloster Kamp). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Henderick" as son of "Gherit…grave van Gelre", adding that he succeeded his father in 1131 and also that he married "hertig Goewert van Brabans dochter"[1019], but this last named person has not been identified. A charter dated 1134 records the donation by "Domina Ermengardis comitissa…hæres legitima oppidi Sutphaniensis…cum marito suo Cunrado comite de Lucelenburg et filio suo Henrico" of "ecclesiam Lochemensem", confirmed by the bishop of Utrecht, for the souls of "mariti sui Gerardi…domini Ottonis comitis patris sui et matris suæ Judithæ et fratrum suorum piæ memoriæ…episcopi Theodrici et comitum Henrici et Gerardi"[1020]. He succeeded as HENDRIK Graaf van Gelre, Graaf van Zutphen. Konrad III King of Germany dismissed claims by "comes Adelbertus de Noruenich" to property "in silva…Osninch" claimed from Kloster Brauweiler by charter dated 14 Sep 1141, witnessed by "…comes Arnoldus de Cleuia, comes Adolfus de Monte, comes Heinricus de Gelra, comes Adolfus de Saphenberch, Gerardus puer comes de Iuliaco, Godefridus de Arnesberch, Herimannus de Cuich…"[1021]. Philipp Archbishop of Köln granted protection to Kloster Bedburg, founded by "Arnoldus comes de Cliue", by charter dated to [1167/77] witnessed by "Henricus comes de Gelre et filius eius Gerardus…"[1022].

m ([1135]) AGNES von Arnstein, daughter of [LUDWIG [II] Graf von Arnstein & his wife Udelhildis ---] (-before 1179). The Vita Lodewici comitis de Arnstein records that "in castro Arnstein…comes…Lodewicus" had seven sisters, of whom the seventh married "in Sutpheniensem…comitiam"[1023]. It is more likely from a chronological point of view that Agnes was the daughter of Ludwig [II] than Ludwig [I] but the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified.

Graaf Hendrik & his wife had [six] children:

1. GERHARD ([1140]-[1181/82], bur Zutphen). Philipp Archbishop of Köln granted protection to Kloster Bedburg, founded by "Arnoldus comes de Cliue", by charter dated to [1167/77] witnessed by "Henricus comes de Gelre et filius eius Gerardus…"[1024]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Gherrit und…Otte" as the two sons of "Henderick…grave van Gelre", adding that Gerhard died childless in 1180 [presumably misdated if the record of his marriage is correctly dated, as noted below] and was buried at Zutphen[1025]. m (1181) as her [first/second] husband, IDA Ctss de Boulogne, [widow of MATHIEU ---,] daughter of MATHIEU de Flandre Comte de Boulogne & his first wife Marie de Blois Ctss de Boulogne ([1160/61 or later?]-21 Apr 1216, bur Boulogne). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Idam…et Mathildem" as the two daughters of "Matheus [comiti Boloniensi]" & his wife, specifying that Ida married "primus…Gerardo comiti de Ghelra, deinde Bertoldo Cheringiorum duci, postea Rainaldo comiti Dommi-Martini in Francia"[1026]. The Annales Egmundani record the marriage in 1181 of "filiam comitis Boloniæ Mathei" and "comes Gelrensis…Gerardus" and his death later the same year, specifying that his widow took away by force everything which had been granted to her at the time of the marriage[1027]. She married [secondly/thirdly] (1183) as his second wife, Berthold IV Herzog von Zähringen, and [thirdly/fourthly] ([1185 or Apr 1190]) as his second wife, Renaud de Dammartin. The Chronica Andrensis records the death in 1216 of "Ida Bolonie comitissa in Flandria" and her burial at Boulogne[1028].

2. OTTO (-22 Oct 1207, bur Kloster Kamp). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Gherrit und…Otte" as the two sons of "Henderick…grave van Gelre"[1029]. He succeeded in 1182 as OTTO I Graaf van Gelre en Zütphen. "Otto…comes Gelrensis…cum uxore nostra Richarda" granted customs privileges to Kloster Altenburg by charter dated to [1188][1030]. “Otto...Gelre comes” donated property to Bedbur, with the consent of “Richardis uxoris mee et heredum meorum...Gerardi, Ottonis sive Lodevici”, by charter dated 1203, witnessed by “...Theodericus frater comitis...”[1031]. m ([1185]) RICHARDIS of Bavaria, daughter of OTTO I Graf von Wittelsbach Duke of Bavaria & his wife Agnes van Looz (-Roermond 21 Sep 1231, bur Roermond). The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavariæ refers to, but does not name, the fourth of the five daughters of "Otto dictus de Schiren…dux Bawarie" as wife of "Otto comes de Gelre", specifying that they had three sons[1032]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Otto…grave van Gelre" married "des graven docter van Gullick…Richgerda"[1033], which misstates her origin. Her name is further confirmed by the charter dated 1250 under which her grandson "Otto…comes Gelrensis" names "avia mea domina Richardis…avi mei Ottonis comitis"[1034]. "Otto…comes Gelrensis…cum uxore nostra Richarda" granted customs privileges to Kloster Altenburg by charter dated to [1188][1035]. “Otto...Gelre comes” donated property to Bedbur, with the consent of “Richardis uxoris mee et heredum meorum...Gerardi, Ottonis sive Lodevici”, by charter dated 1203[1036]. “Gerhardus comes Gelrie et Zutphanie” donated property to the church of Zutphen St Walburgis, for the soul of “patris mei Ottonis”, with the consent of “matris mee Richardis et fratrum meorum Ottonis, Xanctensis prepositi, et Lodewici”, by charter dated 1207[1037]. Abbess of the Munster Abbey at Roermond. Otto I & his wife had eight children:

a) HENDRIK (-[1198], bur Rijnsburg). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Henderick" as the son of "Otto…grave van Gelre" and his wife[1038]. Betrothed (1198) to ALEIDIS [Adelheid] of Holland, daughter of DIRK VII Count of Holland & his wife Adelheid von Kleve ([1186]-before 1203, bur Rijnsburg). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Adelheidim et Adam" as the two daughters of Count Dirk VII & his wife, specifying that Adelheid was betrothed to "Henrico domicello Gelrie"[1039]. The Annales Egmundani record the betrothal in 1197 of "Theodericus comes filiam Aleydem" and "filio comitis Ottonis…Heinricus" but specifying that "idem puer" died and was buried at Rijnsburg[1040]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Otto comes Gelrensis" and "Theodericus Hollandensis" were reconciled and agreed the betrothal of "filiam suam Aleidem" and "filio comitis Ottonis…Henricus", but specifying in a later passage that both died soon after and were buried "in Rinesburgensi monasterio"[1041].

b) GERHARD ([1185]-killed in battle 22 Oct 1229, bur Roermond Cistercian Abbey). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Gherrit" as the third son of "Otto…grave van Gelre" and his wife[1042]. He succeeded as GERHARD III Graaf van Gelre.

- see below.

c) ADELHEID (-4 Feb 1218, bur Rijnsburg). The Annales Egmundani record the marriage in 1197 of "Wilhelmum fratrem Theoderici comitis" and "filiam comitis Ottonis [Pictavis Aquisgrani]"[1043]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of "Wilhelmum comitem" and "Otto comes…Adelheidem suam filiam", specifying that it was celebrated "in Stavria"[1044]. The Gesta Epsicoporum Traiectensium records the marriage of "Wilhelmum" and "Otto comes Gelrensis…filiam"[1045]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the death "1219 II Id Feb" of "comitissa" and her burial at Rijnsburg[1046]. m (Stavoren, Friesland 1197) as his first wife, WILLEM of Holland, son of FLORIS III Count of Holland & his wife Ada of Scotland (-4 Feb 1222). He succeeded in 1203 as WILLEM I Count of Holland.

d) OTTO (-Vorthusen Mar 1213, bur Utrecht cathedral). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Otto…byscop van Uttert" as the second son of "Otto…grave van Gelre" and his wife[1047]. “Otto...Gelre comes” donated property to Bedbur, with the consent of “Richardis uxoris mee et heredum meorum...Gerardi, Ottonis sive Lodevici”, by charter dated 1203[1048]. Provost of Xanten. “Gerhardus comes Gelrie et Zutphanie” donated property to the church of Zutphen St Walburgis, for the soul of “patris mei Ottonis”, with the consent of “matris mee Richardis et fratrum meorum Ottonis, Xanctensis prepositi, et Lodewici”, by charter dated 1207[1049]. Bishop of Utrecht 1213. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "dominus Adulfus Coloniensis, Otto Monasteriensis et Gerardus Osnaburgensis fratres et pontifices, Wilhelmus Hollandie ac Otto Gelrie comites" met in Utrecht and elected "Otto Xanctensis prepositus…frater [error for filius] eiusdem comitis Gelrie et sororius prefati comitis Hollandie…iuvenis" as bishop of Utrecht, but that he died "1205 apud Vorthusen febre pulsatus VII Kal Apr" and was buried at Utrecht[1050]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Otto van Ghelre" was installed as thirty-third bishop of Utrecht in 1210, although he was no older than eighteen years old, died in 1213 and was buried in Utrecht cathedral[1051].

e) LUDWIG (-after 1207). “Otto...Gelre comes” donated property to Bedbur, with the consent of “Richardis uxoris mee et heredum meorum...Gerardi, Ottonis sive Lodevici”, by charter dated 1203[1052]. “Gerhardus comes Gelrie et Zutphanie” donated property to the church of Zutphen St Walburgis, for the soul of “patris mei Ottonis”, with the consent of “matris mee Richardis et fratrum meorum Ottonis, Xanctensis prepositi, et Lodewici”, by charter dated 1207[1053].

f) IRMGARD (-after 1230). Levoldus’s mid-14th century Chronica Comitum de Marka records that “comes Adulphus” married “sorore comitis Gelrie”[1054]. “Otto...comes in Dale” donated “domum in Eklo” to Kloster Flasheim, with the consent of “Richarde uxore nostra et eius matre comitissa de Altena domina Ermigarde”, by charter dated 1225[1055]. m (after 1210) as his second wife, ADOLF [I] Graf von der Mark, son of FRIEDRICH [I] Graf von Altena & his wife Alveradis --- (-28 Jun 1249).

g) MARGARETA (-after 1264). "Lutharius…comes de Hostadin filius Lutharii comitis, et Margaretha uxor eius" recognised that the churches of "Vremesdorp et de Rummerskirchen" belonged to Knechtsteden abbey, by charter dated Feb 1227[1056]. “Lotharius comes de Hostade” settled a dispute with Kloster Schillingscapellen by charter dated Jul 1237, witnessed by "Margareta comitissa, Theodericus et Gerardus filii mei…"[1057]. "Margareta comitissa Hostadensis, Th. comes Hostadensis et Gerardus filii mei" granted rights in Hengebach castle to Wilhelm Graf von Jülich by charter dated 2 Nov 1242[1058]. m (before 1216) LOTHAR [III] Graf von Hochstaden, son of LOTHAR [I] Graf von Hochstaden & his wife Mechtild von Vianden (-[1237/44]).

h) MECHTILD (-28 Oct after 1247). "Heinricus et Roppertus comites de Nassovva" bought property from Mainz cathedral, with the consent of "uxorum nostrarum Methildis et Gertrudis", by charter dated 11 Dec 1215[1059]. "Heinricus…comes de Nassowe…collateralis nostra…Methildis" confirmed the dependence of "ecclesie in Nepphe" to Kloster Arnstein by charter dated 9 Jun 1239[1060]. "Henricus comes de Nassowe et Methildis comitissa uxor eiusdem, Walramus primogenitus, ceterique liberi eorundem" donated tolls from a bridge to Altenburg abbey by charter dated 20 Jul 1245[1061]. "Heinricus comes de Nassowe et Mectildis comitissa" donated "ecclesiam in Inferi[ori] Diffenbach" to Kloster Arnstein by charter dated 1247, witnessed by "…filiorum nostrorum Walerami, Ottonis, Henrici, Gerardi, Johannis"[1062]. The necrology of Arnstein an der Lahn records the death 28 Oct of "Mecktildis comitisse de Nassauw sororis nostre"[1063]. m (before 1221) HEINRICH [II] Graf von Nassau, son of WALRAM [I] von Laurenburg Graf von Nassau & his wife Kunigunde --- (1180-before 25 Jan 1251).

3. AGNES (-24 Jan ----, bur Echternach). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines in 1193 records the marriage of "Henrici comitis ceci" and "Agnate sorore comitis de Gelre"[1064]. In a later passage, the same source names "Agneta…comitissa de Luscelenborch" as sister of "soror comitis de Geldern", who was the mother of "domnus Engelbertus filius comitis Engelberti de Monte Veteri frater comitis Adolfi", specifying that she was mother of "Ermensindis relicta comitis Barri uxor Waleranni"[1065]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Agnetam filiam Henrici…comitis de Ghelre" as wife of "Henricus comes Namurci et Luscelenborch"[1066]. She left her husband, entered a convent and refused to return to him despite his appeal to Pope Alexander III[1067]. A reconciliation was negotiated in 1185 by the Archbishop of Köln, Philippe Count of Flanders and Godefroi Duke of Brabant, anxious to ensure that Namur and Luxembourg was not inherited by Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut (the nominated successor of Comte Henri)[1068]. The necrology of Floreffe records the death "IX Kal Feb" of "Agnetis comitisse de Gelra"[1069]. m (1168) as his second wife, HENRI "l’Aveugle" Comte de Namur et de Luxembourg, son of GODEFROI Comte de Namur & his wife Ermesinde de Luxembourg (1111-14 Aug 1196, bur Abbaye de Floreffe).

4. ADELHEID (-1213 or after). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. “Comite Gerhardo de Rineche et uxore eiusdem Adelheide comitissa” consented to the church of Würzburg buying “prædium Ronvelt et Roth” by charter dated Apr 1189[1070]. "Gerardus…comes de Los" donated property to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, with the consent of "uxoris nostre et heredum nostrorum", by charter dated 1194 witnessed by "Aleidis uxor nostra comitissa de Los, Ludovicus filius noster, Guda soror nostra de Grymberghe, Ysmena soror nostra quandoque Lotharingiæ ducissa…"[1071]. m (before 1179) GERARD [II] Comte de Looz, son of LOUIS [I] Comte de Looz, Graf von Rieneck Stadtgraf von Mainz & his wife Agnes von Metz (-Acre 1191).

5. MARGARETA . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Agneta…comitissa de Luscelenborch" as sister of "soror comitis de Geldern", who was the mother of "domnus Engelbertus filius comitis Engelberti de Monte Veteri frater comitis Adolfi"[1072]. m ENGELBERT Graf von Berg, son of ADOLF II Graf von Berg & his second wife [Irmgard von Sponheim/--- von Schwarzenberg] (-Braničevo, Serbia Jul 1189).

6. [DIETRICH (-after 1203). “Otto...Gelre comes” donated property to Bedbur, with the consent of “Richardis uxoris mee et heredum meorum...Gerardi, Ottonis sive Lodevici”, by charter dated 1203, witnessed by “...Theodericus frater comitis...”[1073]. It is not known whether the witness was the brother of the donor or of another count.]

GERHARD van Gelre, son of OTTO I Graaf van Gelre & his wife Richardis of Bavaria ([1185]-killed in battle 22 Oct 1229, bur Roermond Cistercian Abbey). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Gherrit" as the third son of "Otto…grave van Gelre" and his wife, adding that he succeeded his father[1074]. “Otto...Gelre comes” donated property to Bedbur, with the consent of “Richardis uxoris mee et heredum meorum...Gerardi, Ottonis sive Lodevici”, by charter dated 1203[1075]. He succeeded as GERHARD III Graaf van Gelre. “Gerhardus comes Gelrie et Zutphanie” donated property to the church of Zutphen St Walburgis, for the soul of “patris mei Ottonis”, with the consent of “matris mee Richardis et fratrum meorum Ottonis, Xanctensis prepositi, et Lodewici”, by charter dated 1207[1076]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that "Gerardus comes Gelrie" was killed in battle[1077]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records the death "toe Sutphen" 22 Oct 1229 of "Gherrit…grave van Gelre" and his burial "te Romonde"[1078].

m (contract Louvain 1206) MARGUERITE de Brabant, daughter of HENRI I "le Guerroyeur" Duke of Brabant & his first wife Mathilde de Flandre (-5 Apr or 21 Sep 1231, Roermond Cistercian Abbey). The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ refers to the second of the four daughters of "Henricus dux" as the wife of "comes Gelrie" and mother of "Ottonem comitem de Gelre et Henricum episcopum Leodiensem et comitissam Iuliacensem"[1079]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Mariam, conthoralem Ottonis Quartus Romanorum imperatoris, Aleydam comitssam Auernie, Margaretam comitissam Gerardi comitis Ghelrie et Mechteldim, primo quidem comitissam Palatinam Rheni, postea…comitissam Hollandie" as the daughters of "Henricus…primus, dux Lotharingie" and his wife "Mechteldim, filiam Mathei Boloniensis comitis"[1080]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Gherrit…grave van Gelre" married "Agerdis van Nassowen dochter"[1081], but this reference cannot be explained. The marriage contract between “Henricus dux Lotharingie...Margaretam filiam ducis” and “Otto comes Gelrie...Gerhardum filium comitis” is dated 1206[1082].

Gerhard III & his wife had four children:

1. OTTO (-10 Jan 1271, bur Grafenthal). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Otto…Henderick" as the two sons of "Gherrit…grave van Gelre" and his wife, adding that Otto succeeded his father[1083]. He succeeded as OTTO II Graaf van Gelre. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Rennolt" as the son of "Otto…grave van Gelre" and his second wife "Philippa, de grave van Syntpols dochter"[1084]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records the death of "Otto…grave van Gelre" 9 Jan 1271 and his burial "in dat closter Gronnendael"[1085]. m firstly (contract 24 Nov 1240) MARGARETA von Kleve, daughter of DIETRICH [IV] "Nust" Graf von Kleve & his first wife Mathilde von Dinslaken (-10 Sep 1251, bur Grafenthal). The marriage contract between "Theodericus…comes Clivensis…filiam nostrum Margaretam" and "Ottonem comitem Gelrensem" is dated 24 Nov 1240[1086]. A charter dated 13 Jan 1250 records a donation to Merienwerde made by "domini Ottonis comitis Gelrensis", witnessed by "domina Margreta comitissa Gelrensi, domina Richarda comitissa Juliacensi…"[1087]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Otto…grave van Gelre" married "dye dochter van greve Dirrick van Cleue…Mergreta", who died childless in 1250 and was buried in the "closter by Goch"[1088]. m secondly ([1252/54]) as her third husband, PHILIPPA de Dammartin, widow firstly of RAOUL de Lusignan Comte d’Eu and secondly of RAOUL Seigneur de Coucy, daughter of SIMON de Dammartin Comte d’Aumâle & his wife Marie Ctss de Ponthieu (-[14 Apr 1277/1281]). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Otto…grave van Gelre" married secondly "Philippa, de grave van Syntpols dochter"[1089]. The Lignages de Coucy (written in 1303) records that the wife of "Raoul", oldest son of "Enguerran de Coucy", married secondly "le conte Otte de Guelles"[1090]. "Phelippe contesse de Guelle" founded the chapel of Transleel, with the consent of "mon…seigneur Jehan de Neele conte de Pontieu et…ma…sereur…royne", by charter dated Aug 1277[1091]. "Reynaldus comes Gelrensis" donated property to "cloester tsGrevendaell", for the souls of "pater suo domino Ottone quondam comite Gelrensi…matris sue domine Philippe et uxorum suarum domine Yrmegardis et domine Margarete comitissarum Gelrensium", by charter dated 20 May 1301[1092]. Otto & his first wife had two children:

a) ELISABETH (-31 Mar 1313). "Margareta comitissa de Monte, relicta domini Adolphi…quondam comitis eiusdem loci, Adolphus comes filius eorundem et Lysa uxor sua" renounced rights to property of Altenburg abbey by charter dated Nov 1265[1093]. "Adolphus comes et Elisabeth comitissa de Monte" confirmed the city status of Düsseldorf by charter dated 14 Aug 1288[1094]. m (contract 17 Mar 1249) ADOLF V Graf von Berg, son of ADOLF IV Graf von Berg [Limburg] & his wife Margareta von Hochstaden (-28 Sep 1296).

b) MARGARETA (-before 1286). The Chronicle of Baudouin d’Avesnes records that "Ingelramus" married "filiam Ottonis comitis Gelriæ Margaretam"[1095]. "Ingelranni domini Couciaci, nec non Montis-mirabilis et Oesiaci et Margaretæ eius uxoris" sold property to "Ioanni Sarracensi cambellano domini regis et Agneti eius uxori" by charter dated Oct 1266[1096]. m (before 1262) as his second wife, ENGUERRAND [IV] Seigneur de Coucy Vicomte de Meaux, son of ENGUERRAND [III] Seigneur de Coucy & his third wife Marie de Montmirail (-1310).

Otto II & his second wife had four children:

c) REINALD ([1255]-Montfort 9 Oct 1326). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Rennolt" as the son of "Otto…grave van Gelre" and his second wife "Philippa, de grave van Syntpols dochter"[1097]. He succeeded as REINALD I Graaf van Gelre.

- see below.

d) PHILIPPA (-before 24 Jun 1300). A charter dated 9 Jul 1275 confirmed the donation by "Waleramus dominus de Valkenburg et de Moniogen et Philippa uxor sua" to Kloster Reichstein[1098]. Her parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 1286 under which "Raynaus comte de Gelre et duc de Lembourg" notifies his agreement with "Waleran seigneur de Montjoie et de Falkemont, son beaufrère"[1099]. The date of her death is set by the charter dated 24 Jun 1300 under which "Walleramus dominus de Monyoye et de Valkenburg" donated property to the abbey of Porta-Cœli, for the soul of "bone memorie uxoris nostre Philippe", with the consent of "Theodorici et Renardi…filiorum nostrorum"[1100]. m (before 30 May 1275) WALRAM [II] Heer van Valkenburg, Seigneur de Montjoie, son of DIRK [II] Heer van Valkenburg & his first wife Bertha van Limburg ([1253]-5 Sep 1302).

e) MARGARETA (-[1282/87]). A charter dated 13 May 1260 records the betrothal of "Otto comes Gelrensis…filiam suam secundam, ex uxore sua quam nunc habet genitam" and "Theoderico primogenitor domini Theoderici senioris filii comitis Clivensis"[1101]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Agnet" as the daughter of "Otto…grave van Gelre" and his second wife "Philippa, de grave van Syntpols dochter", adding that she married "Dirrich…grave van Cleve"[1102]. "Theodericus comes Cleuensis" confirmed a debt to "Reynaldum comitem Gelrie sororium nostrum", with the consent of "Margarete uxoris nostre", by charter dated 1279[1103]. m (Betrothed 13 May 1260, before 1279) as his first wife, DIETRICH [VI] Graf von Kleve, son of DIETRICH [V] Graf von Kleve & his wife Aleidis von Heinsberg ([1256/57]-4 Oct 1305).

f) MARIA (-before 8 Sep 1306). Vrouwe van Trankeel 1281. A charter dated 27 Jul 1291 records an agreement between "scabini et consules in Arnhem" and "domicella Maria, soror domini nostri Reynaldi comitis Gelrensis"[1104]. Vrouwe van Belle en Kestrecke 1294. "Maria domicella de Gelren." founded a guest-house at Arnhem, with the consent of "Reynaldi comitis Gelrensis nostri fratris", by charter dated 10 Oct 1299[1105]. "Reynaldus comes Gelrensis" united two guest-houses at Arnhem, founded by "domicella Maria nostra soror quondam bonæ memoriæ", by charter dated 8 Sep 1306[1106].

2. HENDRIK (-Franchimont 23 Apr 1285). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Otto…Henderick" as the two sons of "Gherrit…grave van Gelre" and his wife, adding that Hendrik became bishop of Liège[1107]. Bishop of Liège 1247. The Aegidii Aurævallensis Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium records the succession of “Henricus...etate adolescens...frater...Ottonis comitis Guelrensis” in 1247[1108]. "Henricus…Leodensis electus" issued a judgment by charter dated 7 May 1253 which names "Ottonem comitem Ghelrie nostrum fratrem"[1109].

3. MARGARETA (-after 12 Mar 1237). A charter dated 12 Mar 1236 (O.S.) records that "Margaretam neptem…ducis Lotharingiæ et Brabantiæ…sororem…Otthonis comitis Gelrie" had been betrothed to "Theodorico de Valckenborch", but was now to be married to "Willelmus comes Iuliacensis"[1110]. Bert M. Kamp has pointed out the absence of primary sources which indicate that Margareta’s marriage to Wilhelm IV Graf von Jülich was ever finalised[1111]. He also highlights the extreme unlikelihood of a Papal dispensation being issued for what would have been the 1^o affinity marriage of Graf Wilhelm to Margareta’s sister Richardis, if he had previously been married to Margareta. Betrothed (before 1236) to DIRK Heer van Valkenburg, son of DIRK [I] Heer van Valkenburg & his first wife Isolda van Limburg (-killed in battle Köln 14 Oct 1268). Betrothed (contract 12 Mar 1237) WILHELM [IV] Graf von Jülich, son of WILHELM [III] Graf von Jülich & his wife Mathilde van Limburg (-killed in battle Aachen 16 Mar 1278).

4. RICHARDIS (-[1293/98]). A charter dated 13 Jan 1250 records a donation to Merienwerde made by "domini Ottonis comitis Gelrensis", witnessed by "domina Margreta comitissa Gelrensi, domina Richarda comitissa Juliacensi…"[1112]. "Wilhelmus comes Juliacensis et…Rickarda uxor eius" renounced rights in favour of Brauweiler abbey by charter dated 26 Jan 1260[1113]. "Wilhelmus comes Juliacensis et Ricardis uxor nostra" acknowledged his patronage over the church at Bettenhosen by charter dated 1272[1114]. "Richarda comitissa Juliacensis, Walleranus Aquensis, Otto Traiectensis ecclesiarum prepositi et Gerardus fratres, filii eiusdem comitisse" submitted to Sifrid Archsbishop of Köln, with the intercession of "Godefrido comite Seynensi", by charter dated 14 Oct 1279[1115]. "Gerardus natus quondam…Wilhelmi comitis Juliacensis" bought property at Woring, with the consent of "domine Richarde matris nostre, domini Walrami comitis Juliacensis prepositi Aquensis fratris nostri et Methildis puelle sororis nostre", by charter dated 30 Apr 1287[1116]. "Methildis nobilis matrona domina de Holte, relicta quondam nobilis viri Gerardi Burgravii Coloniensis" sold property to "viro Alberto dicto Schalle civi Coloniensi, sororio nostro" to solve financial difficulties of "Mathildis nepotula, heres nostra, filia quondam…filii nostri nobilis viri Johannis Burgravii Coloniensis", with the consent of "domine Richarde comitisse Juliacensis avie dicte nepotule necnon…Katherine domine de Arberg, matris…eiusdem nepotule", by charter dated 28 Jun 1287[1117]. "Ricarda comitissa Juliacensis" confirmed a donation by "dominus Willelmus comes Juliacensis maritus noster et…dominus Willelmus senior noster filius, ac domina --- uxor sua legitima" to the Teutonic Order at Köln by charter dated 2 Feb 1287 (O.S.)[1118]. m ([Mar 1237/26 Jan 1260]) WILHELM [IV] Graf von Jülich, son of WILHELM [III] Graf von Jülich & his wife Mathilde van Limburg (-killed in battle Aachen 16 Mar 1278).

REINALD van Gelre, son of OTTO II Graaf van Gelre & his second wife Philippa de Dammartin ([1255]-Montfort 9 Oct 1326, bur Grafenthal). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Rennolt" as the son of "Otto…grave van Gelre" and his second wife "Philippa, de grave van Syntpols dochter"[1119]. He succeeded as REINALD I Graaf van Gelre. "Theodericus comes Cliuensis" confirmed an alliance with "Reynaldus comes Gelrensis sororius noster" by charter dated 29 Dec 1277[1120]. "Reynaldus…comes Gelrensis dux Limburgensis et Irmengardis…comitissa et ducissa" granted privileges to Duisburg by charter dated 22 Mar 1279 (O.S.)[1121]. Rudolf I King of Germany granted "totam Friseam…Oestvrieslant" to "Reynaldo comite Gelrie", with the exception of the parts held by "comitem de Hollandia", by charter dated 29 Jul 1290[1122]. "Reynaldus comes Gelrensis" donated property to "cloester tsGrevendaell", for the souls of "pater suo domino Ottone quondam comite Gelrensi…matris sue domine Philippe et uxorum suarum domine Yrmegardis et domine Margarete comitissarum Gelrensium", by charter dated 20 May 1301[1123]. Heinrich VII King of Germany granted territory "inter Arnhem et Novamagium per Bethuam aggerem" {Betuwe} to "Reynaldi comitis Gelrie" by charter dated 19 Sep 1310[1124]. The fact that Reinald’s son issued charters in his own name, which do not specify the consent of his father, suggests that Graaf Reinald I may have been incapacitated in some way towards the end of his life and relinquished his powers in favour of his son. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records the death "op sonte Dionisius" in 1326 of "Rennolt…grave van Gelre"[1125].

m firstly ([1276]) ERMENGARD Dss of Limburg, daughter of WALERAN IV Duke of Limburg & his first wife Jutta von Kleve (-Jun 1283, bur Grafenthal). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Ermgardis…filia…Henrici ducis Lymburgensis" as wife of "Reynaldus comes Ghelrie"[1126]. After her father's death, her succession to Limburg was disputed by her first cousin Adolf V Graf von Berg, who sold his rights to Jean Duke of Brabant[1127]. "Reynaldus…comes Gelrensis dux Limburgensis et Irmengardis…comitissa et ducissa" granted privileges to Duisburg by charter dated 22 Mar 1279 (O.S.)[1128]. "Rudolphus…Romanorum rex" invested "ducissæ Limburgensis, uxoris…Reinoldi comitis Gelriæ,…patris sui…heres unica" with "ducatum Limburgensem" by charted dated 19 May 1282[1129]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Rennolt…grave van Gelre" married "hertig Walerams Limborrich’s dochter" who was childless, died 9 Jun 1290 and was buried "toe Groennendaell"[1130].

m secondly (Namur 3 Jul 1286) as her second husband, MARGUERITE de Flandre, widow of ALEXANDER Prince of Scotland, daughter of GUY de Dampierre Count of Flanders & his second wife Isabelle de Luxembourg (-after 17 Oct 1327, [1331?]). The Liber Pluscardensis records the marriage at Roxburgh in 1279 of "Alexander filius Alexandri tercii et…Margaretæ sororis Edwardi Langschankiæ regis Angliæ" and "filiam comitis Flandreæ"[1131]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Rennolt…grave van Gelre" married secondly "dye dochter van dye grave van Flanderen", naming her "Mergreta" in a later passage[1132]. The contract of marriage between "Renauls cuens de Ghelre et dus de Lemburgh" and "Guyon conte de Flandre et marchis de Namur et…dame Ysabel se feme…et noble damoisel Margherite fille dou conte et delle contesse devant ditte" is dated 21 Apr 1286[1133]. Pope John XXII permitted "nobili mulieri Margarete relicte quondam Raynaldi comitis Gelrensis" to choose her own confessor, dated 17 Oct 1327[1134]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "dye gravinne van Gelre, Mergreta dochter van Flanderen" died in 1321 [incorrect date, should be 1331?] and was buried "toe Groenendaell"[1135].

Reinald I & his second wife had [six] children:

1. MARGARETA ([1290]-26 Jun 1331). "Henric van Vlanderen greue van Loeden" medietated in the dispute between "Reynolt des greuen zoene van Gelre onse…neue" and "Dideric greue van Cleue" concerning the dowry of "Margareten greuinnen van Cleue, onser…nichten, suster her Reynoldes", by charter dated 4 Oct 1325[1136]. m (7 May 1305) DIETRICH [VII] Graf von Kleve, son of DIETRICH [VI] Graf von Kleve & his second wife Margareta von Habsburg (1291-7 Jul 1347).

2. REINALD ([1295]-Arnhem 12 Oct 1343, bur Arnhem). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Rennolt…Guydo…Philippus" as the three sons of "Rennolt…grave van Gelre" and his second wife "dye dochter van dye grave van Flanderen"[1137]. He succeeded as REINALD II Graaf van Gelre.

- DUKES of GELRE.

3. GUIDO (-Arnhem after 1315). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Rennolt…Guydo…Philippus" as the three sons of "Rennolt…grave van Gelre" and his second wife "dye dochter van dye grave van Flanderen"[1138].

4. [PHILIPP . The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Rennolt…Guydo…Philippus" as the three sons of "Rennolt…grave van Gelre" and his second wife "dye dochter van dye grave van Flanderen"[1139]. As the reliability of this source is somewhat questionable, it is possible that "Philippus" was an error for Reinald’s daughter Philippa.]

5. PHILIPPA (-Köln 23 Aug 1352). "Reynaldus domini comitis Gelrensis filius" sold "bona dicta Mersche…in parochia Sutphaniensi, trans Yslam" to the town of Zutphen, with the consent of "Sophyæ nostræ uxoris, dominæ Margaretæ nostræ matris, domini Henrici de Flandria comitis Lodensis nostri avunculi, Philippæ et Elysabæ nostrarum sororum", by charter dated 30 Sep 1319[1140]. "Reynaut greve van Ghelren, Philippe ende Yzabel sijne susteren, joncvrouwen van Gelren" settled a dispute concerning their inheritance, before "onse…muder…Margr. grevinne van Gelren, heren Gerart greve van Ghulich…heren Henric van Vlanderen greve van Loeden" by charter dated 25 Mar 1327[1141]. Pope John XXII permitted "nobili mulieri Phylippe nate quondam Raynaldi comitis Gelrensis" to choose her own confessor, dated 17 Oct 1327[1142]. Nun at Köln St Klara.

6. ISABELLA (before Aug 1299-Köln 1354). Pope Boniface VIII issued a dispensation for the marriage of "Godefrido de Brabantia, de Arscot et de Urson castrorum domino" and "Ysabelle nata Ranaldi comitis Gelrie" despite 4^o consanguinity dated 9 Aug 1299[1143]. Pope John XXII issued a dispensation for the marriage of "Villermo nato…comitis Lassensis" and "Ysabela nata…Raynaldi comitis Gelrie" despite 4^o consanguinity dated 22 Oct 1317[1144]. "Reynaldus domini comitis Gelrensis filius" sold "bona dicta Mersche…in parochia Sutphaniensi, trans Yslam" to the town of Zutphen, with the consent of "Sophyæ nostræ uxoris, dominæ Margaretæ nostræ matris, domini Henrici de Flandria comitis Lodensis nostri avunculi, Philippæ et Elysabæ nostrarum sororum", by charter dated 30 Sep 1319[1145]. "Reynaut greve van Ghelren, Philippe ende Yzabel sijne susteren, joncvrouwen van Gelren" settled a dispute concerning their inheritance, before "onse…muder…Margr. grevinne van Gelren, heren Gerart greve van Ghulich…heren Henric van Vlanderen greve van Loeden" by charter dated 25 Mar 1327[1146]. Pope John XXII permitted "nobili mulieri Ysabelle nate quondam Raynaldi comitis Gelrensis" to choose her own confessor, dated 17 Oct 1327[1147]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Issabella" as the daughter of "Rennolt…grave van Gelre" and his second wife "dye dochter van dye grave van Flanderen", adding that she was "toe Clarren by Collen een nonne"[1148]. Abbess of Köln St Klara. Betrothed (Papal dispensation 9 Aug 1299) to GODEFROI de Brabant Heer van Aerschot, son of HENRI III "le Pacifique/le Débonnaire" Duke of Brabant & his wife Alix de Bourgogne [Capet] (-killed in battle Courtrai 11 Jul 1302). Betrothed (Papal dispensation 22 Oct 1317) to GUILLAUME de Looz, son of [ARNOUL [V] Comte de Looz & his wife Margareta von Vianden] (-after Oct 1317).

B. DUKES of GELRE

REINALD van Gelre, son of REINALD I Graaf van Gelre & his second wife Marguerite de Flandre ([1295]-Arnhem 12 Oct 1343, bur Arnhem). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Rennolt…Guydo…Philippus" as the three sons of "Rennolt…grave van Gelre" and his second wife "dye dochter van dye grave van Flanderen"[1149]. "Reinaldus senior filius comitis Gelriensis" confirmed the freedoms of the town of Zutphen by charter dated 4 Nov 1316[1150]. "Reynaldus domini comitis Gelrensis filius" sold "bona dicta Mersche…in parochia Sutphaniensi, trans Yslam" to the town of Zutphen, with the consent of "Sophyæ nostræ uxoris, dominæ Margaretæ nostræ matris, domini Henrici de Flandria comitis Lodensis nostri avunculi, Philippæ et Elysabæ nostrarum sororum", by charter dated 30 Sep 1319[1151]. He succeeded as REINALD II Graaf van Gelre. "Reynaut greve van Ghelren, Philippe ende Yzabel sijne susteren, joncvrouwen van Gelren" settled a dispute concerning their inheritance, before "onse…muder…Margr. grevinne van Gelren, heren Gerart greve van Ghulich…heren Henric van Vlanderen greve van Loeden" by charter dated 25 Mar 1327[1152]. "Reynald greue van Ghelren ende van Sutphen" acknowledged that "Dyderic greue van Cleue onze…bole" had agreed to share "graescapen van Cleue" between "Margriete greuinne van der Marke, Elyzabeth vrouwe van Voerne, borchgreuinne van Zelant, ende Marie, sine dochteren" by charter dated 20 Aug 1333[1153]. The testament of "Reynalt greue van Ghelren ende van Zutphen", dated 27 Mar 1335, names "Alianorem van Engelant, greuinnen van Gelren ende van Zutphen…onser eerster ghesellinnen Sophyen van Mechlen greuinnen wileneer van Gelren ende Zutphen…Ysabelen onser…dochter…onse…nichte vrouwe Johanna vrouwe van Batenborch…"[1154]. "Reynaldus comes Gelrensis et Zutfenensis" promised support to "dominus Godefridus miles, natus domini comitis Lossensis, dominus in Millen, noster gener" in a future war between England and France by charter dated 9 Aug 1338[1155]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Hertich Rennolt van Gelre" died 11 Oct 1343 and was buried "in dat closter Groenendaell"[1156].

m firstly (Papal dispensation 13 May 1311) SOPHIA Berthout Vrouwe van Mechelen, daughter of FLORIS Berthout Heer van Mechelen & his wife Mechteld von der Marck (-6 May 1329). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "dye Rennaldus…grave van Gelre" married "Soffie dye docter van den heerre van Mechghelen"[1157]. Pope Clement V issued a dispensation for the marriage of "Reynoldo nato Reynaldi comitis de Gelria" and "Sophia nata…Florentii dicti Berchaut domini de Maclinia" despite 4^o consanguinity dated 13 May 1311[1158]. "Reynaldus domini comitis Gelrensis filius" sold "bona dicta Mersche…in parochia Sutphaniensi, trans Yslam" to the town of Zutphen, with the consent of "Sophyæ nostræ uxoris, dominæ Margaretæ nostræ matris, domini Henrici de Flandria comitis Lodensis nostri avunculi, Philippæ et Elysabæ nostrarum sororum", by charter dated 30 Sep 1319[1159]. The testament of "Sophie van Gelren ende van Mechlen" is dated 29 Sep [132-] and names "Reynauts des greven soen van Gelren"[1160]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Sophia van Mechghelen, gravinne van Gelre" died in 1336 and was buried "toe Groenendall int closter"[1161].

m secondly (Nijmegen May 1332) ELEANOR of England, daughter of EDWARD II King of England & his wife Isabelle de France (Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire 18 Jun 1318-Deventer Abbey, Gelre 22 Apr 1355, bur Deventer Abbey). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "dye Rennaldus…grave van Gelre" married secondly "Helionora, conick Eduerts van Enghelants dochter"[1162]. Froissart records that the second daughter (unnamed) of King Edward II and his wife married "au duch de Guerle"[1163]. A series of documents relates to the marriage of "Reignaldo comiti Ghelrensi" and "sorore regis Angliæ" including arrangements for the eventual succession of any future children born from the marriage[1164]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Alyenora, hertich Rennolts wedue" died in 1355 and was buried "toe Groenendaell" with her husband[1165].

Reinald II & his first wife had four children:

1. MARGARETA ([1320]-4 Oct 1344). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Mergreta" as the oldest of the four daughters of "dye Rennaldus…grave van Gelre" and his wife "Soffie dye docter van den heerre van Mechghelen", adding that she married the only son "des graven van Cleve" but died childless[1166]. Vrouwe van Mechelen. "Luduicus comes Flandrensis, Nivernensis, Registensis et dominus Mechliniensis" agreed with "Reynaldus Gelrensis ac Wilhelmus Iuliacenses comites" that "Margaretam natam dicti comitis Gelrensis, dominam Elizabetham comitissam Iuliacensem dicti comitis Iuliacensis genitricem" should inherit Mechelen in settlement of a local war, by charter dated 1333[1167]. A charter dated 1 Mar 1333 between "Reynaut greue van Gelren ende van Zutphen" and "Willem greue van Ghulich […onser muder, vrouwe Lijzabeth…die vrouwe Janne onsen eeliken wuijue]" records the betrothal of "Reynaut greue van Gelren…dochter…Margreten…die wi hebben van onsen eirsten wiiue" and "Gerarde…ende eirsten soen des greuen van Ghulich", Margareta to receive "die heerscap van Mechlen", the marriage to take place "te midden zomer coemt ouer acht jaer" (in 1341)[1168]. A charter dated 15 Dec 1333 records the betrothal betweeen "Renaud comte de Gueldres et de Zutphen…Margarete sa fille…eagée de treise ans" and "Guillaume comte de Iuliers [son fils] Gerard de Iuliers", and agreeing that Margareta should receive "l’Advouerie de Malines" and that Gerhard "les villes de Hevere, Mussines, Hombeke, Leest, Hessene, Nuwelande, Neekerpoel", with the agreement of "Luis comte de Flandres, de Nevers et de Rethel"[1169]. The marriage contract between "den hertoge van Gelren…Margareten des hertogen audste dochter" and "den mercgreve van Gulic…Gerart, des mercgreuen audste soen" was renewed dated 4 Jul 1342[1170]. The betrothal was terminated, presumably after the death of the proposed bride’s father in Oct 1343. Betrothed (1 Mar 1333, renewed 4 Jul 1342) to GERHARD von Jülich, son of WILHELM I Duke of Jülich & his wife Jeanne de Hainaut (-18 May 1360).

2. MECHTILD ([1325]-Huissen 21 Sep 1384, bur Mariendael near Arnhem). Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 9 Aug 1338 under which "Reynaldus comes Gelrensis et Zutfen" gave a financial guarantee to "dominus Godefridus miles natus domini comitis Lossensis dominus in Millen noster gener" relating to his participation in the war between France and England[1171]. "Dideric greve van Loyn ende van Chynny, here van Heynsbergh ende van Blankenbergh" requested “Reynoude hertoghe van Ghelren greve van Zuytfenne” to make provision for life for “Meghtelden synre dochter, witliken wiue Goderts ons soens” by charter dated 13 Feb 1342 (presumably O.S.)[1172]. “Diederik van Heinsberg, graaf van Loon” granted annual payments to “zijn schoondochter, Mathilde van Gelre, die vroeg weduwe was geworden” by charter dated 4 Feb 1343 (O.S.?)[1173]. Pope Clement VI granted dispensation for the marriage between “Iohanne comite Clevensi” and “Mechtildi relicta quondam Godefridi nati comitis Lossensis domina in Mechlinia et Eylia consanguinea archiepiscopi”, despite their ignorance of the 4° consanguinity between them, dated 28 May 1350[1174]. "Johan greue van Cleue" granted annual revenue to "one…vrouwe Mechtilt van Gelren, greuinne van Cleu" from "den lande van Mechlen" by charter dated 6 Mar 1359[1175]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 28 Nov 1368 under which "Edevart…hertoge van Gelre ende greve van Zutphen" confirmed "heerlichheit van Huessen" to "Mechtelt van Gelre, grevynne van Cleve, onse…suster"[1176]. She succeeded her half-brother as Dss of Geldern in 1371. The Continuation of Levoldus’s mid-14th century Chronica Comitum de Marka records that “Mergildis comitissa quondam Clevensis soror predictorum fratrum” succeeded on the death of “Reinaldus primogenitus ducis Gelrie filius”[1177]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Mergreta…" as the second of the four daughters of "dye Rennaldus…grave van Gelre" and his wife "Soffie dye docter van den heerre van Mechghelen" married "dye grave van Valois" and died in 1384[1178]. The Continuation of Levoldus’s mid-14th century Chronica Comitum de Marka records that “Mergildis comitissa quondam Clevensis soror predictorum fratrum” married “domino de Beloys” in 1372[1179]. m firstly (Nov 1336) GOTTFRIED von Heinsberg Comte de Looz et de Chiny, son of DIETRICH Herr von Heinsberg Comte de Looz et de Chiny & his wife Kunigunde von der Mark ([1320/21?]-killed [Prussia/eastern Baltic or Algeciras?] [8 Aug 1342?] [before 16 Oct 1342, bur Mechelen Franciscans]). m secondly (before 22 Feb 1348, Papal dispensation 28 May 1350) JOHANN II Graf von Kleve, son of DIETRICH [VI] Graf von Kleve & his second wife Margareta von Habsburg (-9 Nov 1368). m thirdly (14 Feb 1372) JEAN de Châtillon Comte de Blois et de Dunois, son of LOUIS [I] de Châtillon Comte de Blois & his wife Jeanne de Beaumont [Hainaut] (-Jun 1381).

3. ELISABETH (-’s-Gravendael 10 Dec 1376). The testament of "Reynalt greue van Ghelren ende van Zutphen", dated 27 Mar 1335, names "Alianorem van Engelant, greuinnen van Gelren ende van Zutphen…onser eerster ghesellinnen Sophyen van Mechlen greuinnen wileneer van Gelren ende Zutphen…Ysabelen onser…dochter…onse…nichte vrouwe Johanna vrouwe van Batenborch…"[1180]. Abbess of ‘s-Gravendael.

4. MARIA ([Mar 1328/6 May 1329]-Nov 1397). The date of her birth is indicated by the date of her mother’s death and the bull issued by Pope John XXII on 6 Feb 1328 which granted dispensations for the potential marriages of "Raynaldo comiti Gelrensi...tres filias...Margaritam, Methildim et Isabellam"[1181]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Maria", daughter of "dye Rennaldus…grave van Gelre" and his wife "Soffie dye docter van den heerre van Mechghelen", married "greve Willem van Gullick" who inherited Gelre from her, and died in 1397 leaving two sons "Wyllim…hertig van Gulick" and "Henderick" and one daughter "Johanna" who married "dye heer Jan van Arkell" (naming their descendants)[1182]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Eduardus dux Ghelrie…sororem Mariam" married "Juliacensem…dux Wilhelmus"[1183]. m (Papal dispensation 24 Nov 1362, before 25 Dec 1362) WILHELM II Duke of Jülich, son of WILHELM I Duke of Jülich & his wife Johanna of Holland (1333-13 Dec 1393).

Reinald II & his second wife had two children:

5. REINALD (13 May 1333-4 Dec 1371, ‘s-Gravendael). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Rennolt…Eduert" as the two sons of "dye Rennaldus…grave van Gelre" and his second wife "Helionora, conick Eduerts van Enghelants dochter"[1184]. Froissart names "Renault et Edowart" as the two sons "au duch de Guerle" and his wife the daughter of Edward II King of England[1185]. He succeeded as REINALD II Duke of Gelre. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "hertich Rennolt" died in 1371 and was buried "toe Groennendaell"[1186]. m (Tervueren 1 Jul 1347) MARIE de Brabant, daughter of JEAN III Duke of Brabant & his wife Marie d'Evreux [Capet] ([1325]-1 Mar 1399, bur Brussels). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Johannam, Margaretam comitissam Flandrie, et Mariam coniugem Reynaldi Grossi ducis Ghelrie secundi" as the three daughters of "Johannes tertius" and his wife "Mariam filiam Ludowici comitis Eboracensis"[1187]. Gilles de Roye’s Annales Belgici record the marriage in 1347 of “dux Gelriæ” and “tertiam filiam Ioannis ducis Brabantiæ”[1188]. "Maria de Brabantia…ducissa Gelriæ comitissa Zutphaniæ" founded the church of Turnhout St Pieter by charter dated Jul 1398[1189]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Hertich Rennolt" married "hertich Jans van Brabants dochter" who was childless, adding in a later passage that "Maria, dye dochter van Brabant, weduwe van hertich Rennolt" died in 1399 and was buried "toe Tornouwt"[1190].

6. EDUARD (12 Mar 1336-killed in battle Baesweiler 24 Aug 1371, bur ‘s-Gravendael). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop names "Rennolt…Eduert" as the two sons of "dye Rennaldus…grave van Gelre" and his second wife "Helionora, conick Eduerts van Enghelants dochter", adding in a later passage that Eduard was born in 1336[1191]. Froissart names "Renault et Edowart" as the two sons "au duch de Guerle" and his wife the daughter of Edward II King of England[1192]. Duke of Gelre. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Eduardus dux Ghelrie" helped his brother-in-law "Juliacensem…dux Wilhelmus" when Wenzel Duke of Bohemia invaded his lands[1193]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "hertich Eduert" died in 1371 and was buried "toe Groennendaell"[1194].

C. DUKES of GELRE (JÜLICH)

WILHELM von Jülich, son of WILHELM I Duke of Jülich & his wife Jeanne de Hainaut [Johanna of Holland] (1333-13 Dec 1393). Emperor Ludwig IV Duke of Bavaria agreed with "Wilhelmo comiti Juliacensi affini suo" that "Wilhelmo secundo genito tuo, necnon Margarete conthorali sue" should succeed "Adolfus comes Montensis" if he died childless, by charter dated 16 Aug 1336[1195]. Duke of Jülich. Duke of Gelre 1372.

Betrothed (before 16 Aug 1336) to MARGARETA, daughter of ---. Emperor Ludwig IV Duke of Bavaria agreed with "Wilhelmo comiti Juliacensi affini suo" that "Wilhelmo secundo genito tuo, necnon Margarete conthorali sue" should succeed "Adolfus comes Montensis" if he died childless, by charter dated 16 Aug 1336[1196]. The age of Wilhelm at the time suggests that "conthorali sue" in this document should be interpreted as indicating a betrothal not marriage. No indication has yet been found of the family origin of Wilhelm’s betrothed, but presumably she must have been closely related to Adolf Duke of Berg, otherwise there would have been no apparent need to name her in her own capacity as one of the duke’s heirs. It is highly probable that she was Margareta von Ravensberg, daughter of Otto [IV] Graf von Ravensberg & his wife Margareta von Berg (-13 Feb 1389), who later married Wilhelm’s older brother Gerhard, and who, after the death of her older sister in 1336, was the next heir by primogeniture to the county of Berg after her maternal uncle Adolf [VI] Graf von Berg. This hypothesis was first proposed by Bert M. Kamp who, in an article in 2003, traced the development of the succession plans for the counties of Berg and Ravensberg between 1328 and 1346[1197].

m (Papal dispensation 24 Nov 1362, before 25 Dec 1362) MARIA van Gelre, daughter of REINALD II Graaf van Gelre & his first wife Sophie Berthout Vrouwe van Mechelen ([Mar 1328/6 May 1329]-Nov 1397). The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Maria", daughter of "dye Rennaldus…grave van Gelre" and his wife "Soffie dye docter van den heerre van Mechghelen", married "greve Willem van Gullick" who inherited Gelre from her, and died in 1397 leaving two sons "Wyllim…hertig van Gulick" and "Henderick" and one daughter "Johanna" who married "dye heer Jan van Arkell" (naming their descendants)[1198]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Eduardus dux Ghelrie…sororem Mariam" married "Juliacensem…dux Wilhelmus"[1199].

Wilhelm & his wife had three children:

1. WILLEM (1364-Arnhem 16 Feb 1402, bur Kloster Monkhuizen). Duke of Gelre. m (dispensation 28 Dec 1377, Geertruidenberg 1379) KATHARINA von Bayern, daughter of ALBRECHT Duke of Bavaria-Straubing [later ALBERT Count of Holland and Zeeland, Comte de Hainaut] & his first wife Margareta von Brieg [Piast] ([1361]-Hattem 10 Nov 1400, bur Kloster Monkhuizen). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "prima Katherina…nupta Eduardo demm Wilhelmo eius nepoti Ghelrie ducibus…" as the daughter of "Albertus palatinus Reni, dux Bavarie" and his wife "Margaretam filiam Ludovici ducis de Briga ex Polonia"[1200]. The testament of "Catharina de Bavaria, Gelriæ et Juliacensium ducissa, Zutphaniæque comitissa", dated 3 Nov 1400, chooses burial "in claustro…conventus ordinis prædictorum Noviomagensis, Coloniensis diœceseos" (the document adding that she was in fact buried "in claustro Monichusen…apud Arnhem") and appoints "Wilhelmo Gelriæ ac Juliacensi Duci, Zutphaniæque comiti…suo…contorali" as her heir, and adds that she died "in castro oppidi de Hattem"[1201].

2. REINALD ([1365]-Terlet near Arnhem 25 Jun 1423, bur Monnikhizen). Duke of Gelre, Duke of Jülich and Zütphen. m (May 1405) as her first husband, MARIE d’Harcourt, daughter of JEAN [VI] Comte d’Harcourt & his wife Catherine de Bourbon (La Saussaye 24 Feb 1380-after 1427, bur Nideggen). Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the marriage, in May 1405 from the context, of “le duc de Guelles” and “l’ainsnée fille du compte de Harcourt”[1202]. She married secondly (Köln 24 Feb 1426, Papal dispensation 8 Nov 1426) Ruprecht von Jülich-Berg.

3. JOHANNA . m (contract 18 Oct 1376) JAN [VI] Heer van Arkel, son of OTTO Heer van Arkel & his wife Isabelle de Bar Dame de Pierrepont (-Leerdam [10/31] Aug 1426). Ancestors of the later Dukes of Gelre.

D. DUKES of GELRE (EGMOND), GRAVEN van EGMOND, GRAVEN van BUREN

The following reconstruction is an outline which shows selected family members only, mainly for hyperlinking to other families studied in Medieval Lands. The information has not been verified against primary source documentation, unless otherwise stated.

JAN [II] van Egmond, son of AREND van Egmond & his wife Yolanda von Leiningen (-4 Jan 1451).

m MARIA van Arkel, daughter of JAN van Arkel & his wife Johanna van Gelre (-19 Jul 1415).

Jan [II] & his wife had two children:

1. ARNOLD van Egmond (1410-Grave 23 Feb 1473, bur Grave). He succeeded his maternal great-uncle in 1423 as Duke of Gelre. Graaf van Zutphen. m (contract 22 Jul 1423, Kleve 26 Jan 1430) KATHARINA von Kleve, daughter of ADOLF Duke of Kleve (25 May 1417-Lobith 10 Feb 1479, bur Kleve). Wernher Teschenmacher’s Annales Cliviæ (1630s) records the birth “die Urbani...in Maio” 1417 of “Catharina” and her betrothal 1423 to “Arnholdo Egmundano Geldriæ ducis”[1203]. The marriage contract between "Arnolt...hertoige van Gelre ind van Gulich ind greue van Sutphen" and "Adolph...hertoige van Cleue ind greue van der Marke [...Marien van Burgundien...oirre moider]...Katherynen...htmhter" is dated 22 Jul 1423[1204]. Arnold & his wife had children:

a) MARIA van Gelre ([1432]-1 Dec 1463). m (3 Jul 1449) JAMES II King of Scotland, son of JAMES I King of Scotland & his wife Joan Beaufort (16 Oct 1430-Roxburgh 3 Aug 1460, bur Holyrood).

b) WILLEM van Gelre (1434-young).

c) MARGARETA van Gelre (1436-Simmern 2 Nov 1486, bur Ravengiersburg Augustinerkirche). m (Lobith 16 Aug 1454) FRIEDRICH I Pfalzgraf von Simmern, son of STEFAN Pfalzgraf in Simmern und Zweibrücken & his wife Anna von Veldenz (24 Apr 1417-Simmern 29 Apr 1480, bur Ravengiersburg Augustiner-Kloster). He succeeded his father in 1459 as Pfalzgraf von Simmern, when he also reunited his Sponheim territories into the duchy of Sponheim.

d) ADOLF van Gelre ([1438]-killed in battle Doornick/Tournai 27 Jun 1477). He succeeded his father in 1473 as Duke of Gelre, Graaf van Zutphen. m (Bruges 18/28 Dec 1463) CATHERINE de Bourbon, daughter of CHARLES I Duc de Bourbon & his wife Agnes de Bourgogne (-1469). Mistress (1): ELISABETH van Haeften, daughter of --- (-1504). Adolf & his wife had two children:

i) PHILIPPA van Gelre ([1465]-Pont-à-Mousson 26 Feb 1547, bur Pont-à-Mousson). She became a Clarissan nun at Pont-à-Mousson in 1519. m (Orléans 1 Sep 148(contract 28 Aug 1485, Papal dispensation 31 Jan 1488, Orléans 1 Sep 14855) as his second wife, RENE II Duke of Lorraine, son of FERRY de Vaudémont & his wife Yolande d’Anjou (Angers 2 May 1451-10 Dec 1508, bur Nancy, église des Franciscains).

ii) KAREL van Gelre (Grave 9 Nov 1467-Arnhem 30 Jun 1538, bur Arnhem Eusebiuskirche). He succeeded his father in 1477 as Duke of Gelre, Graaf van Zutphen. m (Celle 7 Dec 1518) ELISABETH von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, daughter of HEINRICH "der Mittlere" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg & his wife Margareta von Sachsen (11 Sep 1494-Gelre 2 Apr 1572, bur Gelre).

Adolf had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

iii) REINER van Gelre ([1460]-11 Nov 1522).

- van GELRE[1205].

e) KATHARINA van Gelre (1439-1496). Kerrebrouck discusses the claim that Katharina was the mother of the illegitimate children of Louis de Bourbon Bishop of Liège, first made in 1628 by the brothers Scévole and Louis de Saincte-Marthe, and embellished during the 18th century by the assertion of a secret marriage between the alleged couple[1206]. Regent of Gelre 1477-1481.

2. WILLEM van Egmond (-Grave 19 Jan 1483, bur Grave). Stadhouder van Gelre. m (22 Jan 1437) as her second husband, WALBURGA von Mörs, divorced wife of JAKOB Graf von Lichtenberg, daughter of FRIEDRICH Graf von Mörs & his wife Engelberta von Kleve (-Renkum 8 May 1459). Willem & his wife had children:

a) JAN van Egmond (-1515, bur Egmond). Graaf van Egmond 1486. m MAGDALENE von Werdenberg, daughter of --- (-1538, bur Egmond). Jan & his wife had children:

i) JAN van Egmond (-Milan 19 Apr 1528, bur Milan San Marco). Graaf van Egmond. Imperial General. His date of death and place of burial are confirmed by his wife’s epitaph. m (1516) FRANÇOISE de Luxembourg, daughter of JACQUES de Luxembourg Seigneur de Fiennes et de Gavre [later Comote de Gavre] & his wife Margareta van Gruuthuse (-1 Nov 1557, bur Sotteghem). Dame de Fiennes et de Gavre. Created Pss de Gavre, d'Auxy, d'Armentières et de la Hamaide in the Spanish Netherlands 12 Oct 1540. An epitaph at Zotteghem records the burial of “Franchoise de Luxembourch, princesse de Gavre, dame des baronnies de Fiennes, la Hamaide, Viruwesse et des sries d’Arquinghem, d’Armentiers, de Zotteghem, d’Auxii; en son temps espouse de...Jan comte d’Egmond, baron de Bar, de Lathem, de Hechtewoude, Spanwoude, Erswoude...lequel gist à St Marck à Milan et deceda 29 avril 1528” who died 1 Nov (1557), noting that “Lamoral d’Egmont prince de Gavre conte d’Egmont, leur heritier unicq” installed the memorial in 1561[1207]. Jan & his wife had children:

(a) KAREL van Egmond (-Cartagena 1540). Graaf van Egmond.

(b) LAMORAAL van Egmond (-beheaded Brussels 5 Jun 1568, bur Sotteghem). His parentage is confirmed by his mother’s epitaph. Graaf van Egmond. Prince de Gavre 1553. m (Speyer 8 May 1544) SABINE Pfalzgräfin von Simmern, daughter of JOHANN II Pfalzgraf von Simmern & his wife Beatrix Markgräfin von Baden (13 Jun 1528-Antwerp 19 Jun 1578, bur Sotteghem). Lamoraal & his wife had children:

- GRAVEN v an EGMOND, PRINCES de GAVRE[1208].

(c) MARGARETA van Egmond (1517-Bar-le-Duc 10 Mar 1554, bur Nancy, église des Franciscains). m (Brussels 1 May 1549) as his first wife, NICOLAS de Lorraine Baron de Mercœur, (Château de Bar le Duc 16 Oct 1524-23 Jan 1577, bur Nancy, église des Franciscains). Seigneur de Chaligny 1559. Comte de Chaligny 1563. Marquis de Nomény 1567. Duc de Mercœur 1569.

b) ANNA van Egmond ). m BERNARD Graaf van Bentheim, son of ---.

c) FREDERIK van Egmond (-1500). Graaf van Egmond. Heer van Ijselsteijn, Buren, Cranendonck, Leerdam. m ALIX van Culemborg Vrouw van St Martinsdyck, daughter of --- (-1471). Frederik & his wife had children:

i) FLORIS van Egmond (-25 Oct 1539). Graaf van Buren. m MARGARETA van Glymes, daughter of CORNELIS van Glymes Heer van Zevenbergen & his wife Maria Margareta van Zevenbergen. Butkens records her parentage and marriage[1209]. Floris & his wife had children:

(a) MAXIMILIAAN van Egmond (-1548). Graaf van Buren en Leerdam. Stadhouder of Friesland. m FRANÇOISE Dame de Lannoy, daughter of --- (-1560). Maximiliaan & his wife had one child:

(1) ANNA van Egmond (Grave Mar 1533-Breda 24 Mar 1558, bur Breda). m (Büren 8 Jul 1551) as his first wife, WILLEM Graf von Nassau Prince d’Orange, son of WILHELM I "der Reiche" Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg in Dillenburg, Siegen, Vianden und [halb] Diez & his second wife Juliane von Stolberg-Wernigerode (Dillenburg 24 Apr 1533-murdered Delft 10 Jul 1584, bur Delft Nieuwe Kerk). Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1581.

(b) ANNA van Egmond ). Gravin van Büren, Leerdam en Lingen, Vrouwe van Ijsselstein, Grave, Sint-Maartensdijk, Cortgene en Cranendonck. m firstly (contract 26 Aug 1523) JOSEPH de Montmorency Heer van Nevele, son of PHILIPPE de Montmorency Heer van Nevele & his wife Maria van Horne Dame de Montigny (-1530, bur Weert). m secondly JAN Graaf van Horne, son of JAKOB [II] Graaf van Horne & his second wife Johanna van Gruuthuse (-1540).

(c) WALBURGA van Egmond ). m ROBERT de la Marck d’Arenberg, son of ROBERT de la Marck Seigneur d’Arenberg & his wife Mathilde van Montfoort (-1536).

d) WILLEM van Egmond . Heer van Herpen. m MARGARETA van Culemborg Vrouw van Heeswyck en Boxmeer, daughter of ---. Willem & his wife had children:

i) ANNA van Egmond (-4 Sep 1517). Vrouw van Herpen, Boxmeer, Heeswyck. m firstly WILLEM Graaf van den Bergh, son of OSWALD Graaf van den Bergh & his wife Elisabeth von Mörs (24 Jul 1468-3 May 1511). m secondly as his second wife, PHILIPP Graf von Virneburg, son of ROBERT Graf von Virneburg & his wife Marguerite de Sombreffe.

E. HERREN von RANDERODE (RANDERATH)

[Three] brothers:

1. MEGENHERE von Randerode (-[13 Apr 1104/1109]). Hermann [III] Archbishop of Köln donated revenue to Köln St Cecilia by charter dated 1094, witnessed by "…Adelbreht comes de Safenberg, Gerhart comes de Guliche, Adelbreht comes de Noruenig, Gerhart de Hostathen, Ethelger de Heingebach, Megenhere de Randenrothe…"[1210]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the donation of property "in Horenchusen…[et] in Dorwilere" made to Köln St Maria by "Meginherus de Randenrode cum neque uxorem neque filium haberet", in the presence of "fratre suo Hartberno", by charter dated 13 Apr 1104 witnessed by "Gerhart de Gelleron comes, Gerhart comes de Iulicho et frater eius Gerlach, Gerhart de Hochstaden, Dieterich de Mere, Heriman de Zulpico…"[1211].

2. HARTBERN [I] von Randerode (-after 1109). Hermann [III] Archbishop of Köln confirmed a donation made to Deutz by “Richardus...uxori sue Adelheidi” by charter dated 1094, witnessed by "…Harper de Randerode…"[1212]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the donation of property "in Horenchusen…[et] in Dorwilere" made to Köln St Maria by "Meginherus de Randenrode cum neque uxorem neque filium haberet", in the presence of "fratre suo Hartberno", by charter dated 13 Apr 1104 witnessed by "Gerhart de Gelleron comes, Gerhart comes de Iulicho et frater eius Gerlach, Gerhart de Hochstaden, Dieterich de Mere, Heriman de Zulpico…"[1213]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln donated serfs to Köln St Severin, with the consent of "Francone urbis nostre prefecto", by charter dated 1109, witnessed by "Gerhardo comite de Gelre, Adelberto de Safenberg, Adelberto de Nervennich, Herimanno de Udenkircha, Gerhardo de Julicho, Gerhardo de Hoinstathe, Gerlacho de Isenburch et fratre sui Regenbaldo, Harperno de Randenrothe…"[1214].

3. [--- . It is not known whether the grandfather of Goswin von Randerode was Hartbern [I] who is named above. m ---. Three children:]

a) HARTBERN [II] (-after 1147). Arnold [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the sale of property "in villa Dorewilere" to the archbishopric made by "Gozewini de Randenrode", with the consent of “Hartperni patrui sui” whose heir he was if he died childless, to finance his crusade, noting that half the property had been donated by “frater avi sui beate memorie Megenerus”, by charter dated 1147[1215]. “...Harpernus de Randenrode” witnessed the charter dated 3 Jun 1157 under which Emperor Friedrich I granted rights to Antwerp[1216].

b) son . m ---. Two children:

i) GOSWIN von Randerode . Arnold [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the sale of property "in villa Dorewilere" to the archbishopric made by "Gozewini de Randenrode", with the consent of “Hartperni patrui sui” whose heir he was if he died childless, to finance his crusade, noting that half the property had been donated by “frater avi sui beate memorie Megenerus”, and naming “Wilhelmum patruum eius Bunnensis ecclesie tunc canonicum”, by charter dated 1147 witnessed by "…Udelrico de Are et fratre eius Ottone…"[1217].

c) WILHELM (-after 1147). Arnold [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the sale of property "in villa Dorewilere" to the archbishopric made by "Gozewini de Randenrode", with the consent of “Hartperni patrui sui” whose heir he was if he died childless, to finance his crusade, noting that half the property had been donated by “frater avi sui beate memorie Megenerus”, and naming “Wilhelmum patruum eius Bunnensis ecclesie tunc canonicum”, by charter dated 1147[1218].

1. GERHARD [I] von Randerode (-after 10 Feb 1129). Lothar King of Germany donated property to Köln St Cunibert by charter dated 10 Feb 1129 witnessed by "…Comites: Gerhardus de Gellere, Arnoldus de Thonoburg, Gerhardus de Iulicho, Herimannus de Caluala, Henricus de Kessile, Adolphus de Berge, Adolphus de Saphinberg, Liberi: Gerhardus de Hostadin, Gerhardus de Heimesberg, Ludowicus de Quinheim, Gerhardus de Mulinarco, Gerhardus de Randirode…"[1219]. m ELISABETH, daughter of --- Graf von Meer & his wife Hedwig --- (-after 22 Feb 1166). Reinald Archbishop of Köln issued a charter dated 22 Feb 1166 relating to the division of their inheritance between "domna Elisabeth de Randenrothe…[et] sororem eius comitissam de Mere domnam…Hildegundem", with the consent of "filiorum ac filiarum domne Elisabeth", witnessed by "Willelmus comes Iuliacensis et frater eius Gerardus, Albertus comes de Noruenich, Euerardus comes de Seina, Gozwinus senior de Heimesberg et filius eius Godefridus, Theodericus de Milendunc et Herimannus de Dicke, Gerardus de Sneide, et filius Walteri de Hengebag iunior, Reinardus de Stalburg…Reinerus de Cronberg, Gerardus de Randenrode et frater eius Willelmus…Ludolfus de Dassela…Cristianus de Wivelenchouen…Arnoldus de Mere, Giselbertus de Berge, Teodericus de Battenburg"[1220]. Gerhard [I] & his wife had two children:

a) GERHARD [II] von Randerode (-after 1188). Reinald Archbishop of Köln issued a charter dated 22 Feb 1166 relating to the division of their inheritance between "domna Elisabeth de Randenrothe…[et] sororem eius comitissam de Mere domnam…Hildegundem", with the consent of "filiorum ac filiarum domne Elisabeth", witnessed by "…Gerardus de Randenrode et frater eius Willelmus…"[1221]. "...Gerardus de Randenrode" witnessed the charter dated 1188 under which Philipp Archbishop of Köln the sale of property to Köln cathedral by "comite Henrico de Kessele...Warnero de Brunishor...Emmelrico de Reinbag"[1222]. "Gozwinus de Valkenburg, Otto de Wicrode, Gerardus de Randenrode, Gerardus advocatus Coloniensis, Herimannus filius eius..." witnessed the charter dated to [1183/91] under which Philipp Archbishop of Köln confirmed that "domna Sophya de Heymisberg et neptis nostra..." had mortgaged property[1223]. m BEATRIX, daughter of --- (-[before Jun 1247]). The executors of "bone memorie Theoderici de Randenrode chorepiscopi Colon." founded anniversaries for "Gerardi de Randenrode patris et Beatricis matris ac Jutte sororis prefati chorepiscopi, necnon Theoderici et Ottonis episcoporum quondam Traiectensium" by charter dated Jun 1247[1224]. Gerhard [II] & his wife had two children:

i) DIETRICH von Randerode (-before Jun 1247). The executors of "bone memorie Theoderici de Randenrode chorepiscopi Colon." founded anniversaries for "Gerardi de Randenrode patris et Beatricis matris ac Jutte sororis prefati chorepiscopi, necnon Theoderici et Ottonis episcoporum quondam Traiectensium" by charter dated Jun 1247[1225].

ii) JUTTA von Randerode (-[before Jun 1247]). The executors of "bone memorie Theoderici de Randenrode chorepiscopi Colon." founded anniversaries for "Gerardi de Randenrode patris et Beatricis matris ac Jutte sororis prefati chorepiscopi, necnon Theoderici et Ottonis episcoporum quondam Traiectensium" by charter dated Jun 1247[1226].

b) WILLEM . Reinald Archbishop of Köln issued a charter dated 22 Feb 1166 relating to the division of their inheritance between "domna Elisabeth de Randenrothe…[et] sororem eius comitissam de Mere domnam…Hildegundem", with the consent of "filiorum ac filiarum domne Elisabeth", witnessed by "…Gerardus de Randenrode et frater eius Willelmus…"[1227].

[Three or more] brothers:

1. GERHARD [III] von Randerode (-[27 May 1257/7 Jan 1262]). Herr von Randerode. Levoldus’s mid-14th century Chronica Comitum de Marka records that “milites Bernardus de Hostmal et Gerardus de Randenrode” were captured at the battle of Bouvines in Jul 1214[1228]. Engelbert Archbishop of Köln confirmed that "dominus Gerardus de Randerode" had mortgaged "advocatiam...in Rurehoue" to the archbishopric to purchase his release from prison in France, with “heres...Gerardi, uxor et fratres eius” acting as guarantors, by charter dated 1216[1229]. "...Gerardus de Randinrode..." witnessed the charter dated 7 Mar 1216 under which Engelbert Archbishop of Köln confirmed that "Alueradis...comitissa de Molbach" had donated property to Altenberg abbey[1230]. Butkens records that Henri II Duke of Brabant supported Hendrik Duke of Limburg against the archbishop of Köln in 1228 and destroyed "le Chasteau de Randenrode" because "Gerard Sire dudict lieu" had "osté quelques vivres et ravagea tout le pais aux environs"[1231]. "Ludewicus miles de Liedeberg primogenitus nobilis viri domini de Randenrode" pledged "advocatiam quam a patre meo G. domino de Randinrode...teneo" to Köln cathedral, with the consent of “uxoris mee”, by charter dated 1241, witnessed by “G. domini de Randinrode...”[1232]. “Gerhardus de Randenrode”, as “ecclesiarum Lisbernensis et sancte Marie in monasterio...Worma...advocat[us]”, granted rights to “Theodericus miles de Sestorpe”, with the consent of “filii nostri Lothewici”, by charter dated 1244[1233]. "...Domino Gerardo de Randenerode..." witnessed the charter dated Jun 1251 under which “Otto comes Gelrensis” donated property to Konrad Archbishop of Köln[1234]. "...Gerardus dominus de Randenrode” witnessed the charter dated 27 May 1257 under which Richard King of Germany confirmed the privileges of the city of Köln[1235]. m (before 1216) ---. Engelbert Archbishop of Köln confirmed that "dominus Gerardus de Randerode" had mortgaged "advocatiam...in Rurehoue" to the archbishopric to purchase his release from prison in France, with “heres...Gerardi, uxor et fratres eius” acting as guarantors, by charter dated 1216[1236]. The name of Gerhard’s wife has not been ascertained. Gerhard [III] & his wife had one child:

a) LUDWIG [I] von Randerode (after 1216-before 14 Oct 1279). "Otto nobilis vir de Wikerode...et filios nostros...Ottonem et Theodoricum Colonienses canonicos Lutherum et Henricum" donated property to the church of Asch by charter dated 1229, witnessed by “Ludewicus de Randinrode...Lutherus comes de Hostaden, Theodericus comes de Morse, Herimannus de Molenarkin...Theodericus de Blanckenheim...Herimannus nobilis advocatus Colon...”[1237]. "Ludewicus miles de Liedeberg primogenitus nobilis viri domini de Randenrode" pledged "advocatiam quam a patre meo G. domino de Randinrode...teneo" to Köln cathedral, with the consent of “uxoris mee”, by charter dated 1241, witnessed by “G. domini de Randinrode...”[1238]. “Gerhardus de Randenrode”, as “ecclesiarum Lisbernensis et sancte Marie in monasterio...Worma...advocat[us]”, granted rights to “Theodericus miles de Sestorpe”, with the consent of “filii nostri Lothewici”, by charter dated 1244[1239]. Herr von Randerode. "Ludewicus dominus de Randerode et Ludewicus filius noster primogenitus” donated rights in property at “Herde” to Eppinghofen abbey by charter dated 7 Jan 1262, sealed by “nobilis viri Th. domini de Erperode”[1240]. “Ludolfus dominus de Dicka” sold property to the Teutonic Knights, with “Ludewicus de Randerode et Godefridus de Erperode” renouncing their interests, by charter dated 27 Oct 1268[1241]. Gerhard Graf von Jülich and his family reached agreement with Siegfried Archbishop of Köln concerning various matters, including "castrum Lydeberg” which they had acquired from “nobilis vir quondam dominus --- de Randenrode et Ludewicus filius suus”, by charter dated 14 Oct 1279[1242]. A charter dated 9 Mar 1290 records that Walram Graf von Jülich held “castri Leidberg”, previously held by “bone memorie quondam dominus de Randerode”[1243]. Considering the charter dated 14 Oct 1279 quoted above, the identity of the “quondam dominus de Randerode” is unclear from the wording of the 9 Mar 1290 charter. m (before 1241) ---. The name of Ludwig’s wife is not known. Ludwig [I] & his wife had children:

i) LUDWIG [II] von Randerode (-after Dec 1289). "Ludewicus dominus de Randerode et Ludewicus filius noster primogenitus” donated rights in property at “Herde” to Eppinghofen abbey by charter dated 7 Jan 1262, sealed by “nobilis viri Th. domini de Erperode”[1244]. Herr von Randerode. “Luduicus dominus de Randenrode” confirmed holding “castrum et villam de Randenrode” from Jean I Duke of Brabant, just as “Gerardus quondam dominus de Randenrode avus noster bonæ memoriæ” had held it from “Henrico quondam duce Lymburgensi et tunc tempore comite de Monte piæ memoriæ”, by charter dated late Dec 1289[1245].

2. brothers (-after 1216). Engelbert Archbishop of Köln confirmed that "dominus Gerardus de Randerode" had mortgaged "advocatiam...in Rurehoue" to the archbishopric to purchase his release from prison in France, with “heres...Gerardi, uxor et fratres eius” acting as guarantors, by charter dated 1216[1246].

The primary source which confirms the parentage of Arnold [I] has not been identified. The chronology suggests that he could have been the son of Ludwig [II]. Two of his family members are named in the 14 May 1305 charter cited below (“...Winrico de Kinswilre, nostro cognato, Walramo de Randenroyde...nostris fidelibus”). They have not otherwise been traced.

1. ARNOLD [I] von Randerode (-19 May ----, [13 Jul 1329/12 Nov 1333]). Herr von Randerode. "Arnoldus dominus de Randenroyde et Katerina collateralis eius” sold “curiam nostram in Lurike cum curia Calfhowen” to Meer abbey, naming as fiduciaries “dominum Ludolfum de Dikka et Gerardum fratrem eius, dominum Fredericum de Helpenstein et Gerardum fratrem eius”, by charter dated 28 May 1300[1247]. “Arnoldus dominus de Randenroyde” confirmed the sale of property by “Bernardus miles dictus de Kinswilre” to Heinsberg convent by charter dated 14 May 1305, in the presence of “...Winrico de Kinswilre, nostro cognato, Walramo de Randenroyde...nostris fidelibus” and sealed (and confirmed) by “Katerina dicta de Blankenheym, domina de Randenroyde”[1248]. "Arnoldus dominus de Randenroyde" relinquished “ville de Prumeren” to “domini nostri...Godefridi domini de Heynsberg et de Blankinberg” by charter dated 28 Jun 1310[1249]. “Arnoldus dominus de Randenroide et Hadwigis conthorales” transferred “castrum nostrum dictum Staylburg” for life to “Richarde domine de Riuerscheit” by charter dated 18 Mar 1324, in the presence of “Walrami de Randerode...”[1250]. “...Arnoldum dominum de Randenroyde...consanguineos” sealed the charter dated 30 Apr 1326 under which "Goydefridus dominus de Hensberg et de Blankenberg" granted property for the future marriage of "Margarete nostre…filie"[1251]. "Arnoldi domini de Randenrode, Conradi domini de Sleyda, Rutgeri advocati Coloniensi, Lodowici de Randenroyde...nostrorum consanguineorum" witnessed the charter dated 13 Jul 1329 under which “Wilhelmus dominus de Helpenstein, Fridericus et Theodericus eiusdem fratres” renounced rights following the destruction of their castle and the death of “Ludolphi fratris nostri”[1252]. The necrology of Burtscheid records the death “XIV Kal Jun” of “dns. Arnoldus de Randenrode” and his donation [1253]. m firstly (before 28 May 1300) KATHARINA von Blankenheim, daughter of GERHARD [VI] Herr von Blankenheim & his wife Irmesinde [Irmgard] de Durbuy (-after 1308). Her family origin is confirmed by the 14 May 1305 charter cited above under her husband. The primary source which confirms her precise parentage has not been identified, but the chronology suggests that she was the daughter of Gerhard [VI]. "Arnoldus dominus de Randenroyde et Katerina collateralis eius” sold “curiam nostram in Lurike cum curia Calfhowen” to Meer abbey, naming as fiduciaries “dominum Ludolfum de Dikka et Gerardum fratrem eius, dominum Fredericum de Helpenstein et Gerardum fratrem eius”, by charter dated 28 May 1300[1254]. m secondly ([1321/18 Mar 1324]) as her second husband, HEILWIG [Hedwig] von Stolberg, widow of ARNOLD von Gymnich Herr von Heppendorf, daughter of WILHELM [VI] von Frenz Herr von Stolberg & his wife Mechtild von Reifferscheid (-after 1335). Follow her hyperlink for earlier documentation. “Arnoldus dominus de Randenroide et Hadwigis conthorales” transferred “castrum nostrum dictum Staylburg...[et] in Setterig...” for life to “Richarde domine de Riuerscheit” by charter dated 18 Mar 1324, witnessed by “Walrami de Randerode...” [not identified][1255]. “Hadewigis domine de Randenrode” sealed the 1331 charter under which she granted property at Setterich to “dem Edelherrn Arnold von Arscheit, ihrem Verwandten”[1256]. “Hadewigis de Sthailberg relicta quondam Arnoldi de Randenrode” acknowledged holding property “apud Setterich” from “domino suo domino de Heynsberg” by charter dated 1335[1257]. Arnold [I] & his first wife had two children:

a) LUDWIG [III] von Randerode (-after 1364). "Arnoldi domini de Randenrode, Conradi domini de Sleyda, Rutgeri advocati Coloniensi, Lodowici de Randenroyde...nostrorum consanguineorum" witnessed the charter dated 13 Jul 1329 under which “Wilhelmus dominus de Helpenstein, Fridericus et Theodericus eiusdem fratres” renounced rights following the destruction of their castle and the death of “Ludolphi fratris nostri”[1258]. Herr von Randerode. “Ludwig von Randerode nobilis vir” granted property at Bettendorf to “Wynrich von Kinsweiler genannt von Bettendorf” by charter dated 12 Nov 1333, witnessed by “...Walram von Randenrode...”[1259]. "Theodericus Heynsberg et Blankenbergh terrarum dominus" donated property, inherited from “domino Godefrido domino quondam de Heynsbergh et de Blankenberg progenitore nostro bone memorie”, to “Margarete de Heynsbergh sorori nostre” by charter dated 31 Oct 1334, witnessed by “...Ludovicum dominum de Randerode et de Erprode...”[1260]. m ---. The primary source which confirms the identity of Ludwig’s wife has not been identified. Ludwig [III] & his wife had children:

i) ARNOLD [II] von Randerode (-1390). Herr von Randerode. “Arnold Herr zu Randerath und zu Erpath und seine Frau Maria von Sayn” confirmed rights relating to Wadenheim by charter dated 26 Oct 1385[1261]. m MARIA von Sayn, daughter of --- (-after 26 Oct 1385). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. “Arnold Herr zu Randerath und zu Erpath und seine Frau Maria von Sayn” confirmed rights relating to Wadenheim by charter dated 26 Oct 1385[1262]. Arnold [II] & his wife had two children:

(a) MARIA von Randerode (-after 1395). "Gerart van Blanckenheim herre zu Castelberch ind zu Gerartsteyne as momber Robrechtz greuen zu Vyrnenborch myns eydoms ind Johannetten van Blanckenheim mynre doechter syns wyffs" exchanged property with “Heynrich greuen ind Kathrynen van Randenroide, greuynnen van Nassauwe...heren Willem van Huerne ind vrouwe Marien van Randenroide herren ind vrouwen van Duffel ind van Herlaer” by charter dated 21 Feb 1391[1263]. m WILLEM van Horne, son of DIRK van Horne Seigneur de Perwez & his [first] wife Catharina Berthout (-1412). Heer van Duffel, Gheel, Oisterloo, Waelhem en Herlaer.

(b) KATHARINA van Randerode (-1415 or after, bur Mainz Cathedral). Heiress of Linnich. "Gerart van Blanckenheim herre zu Castelberch ind zu Gerartsteyne as momber Robrechtz greuen zu Vyrnenborch myns eydoms ind Johannetten van Blanckenheim mynre doechter syns wyffs" exchanged property with “Heynrich greuen ind Kathrynen van Randenroide, greuynnen van Nassauwe...heren Willem van Huerne ind vrouwe Marien van Randenroide herren ind vrouwen van Duffel ind van Herlaer” by charter dated 21 Feb 1391[1264]. m (before 5 Jun 1383) HEINRICH [II] Graf von Nassau-Beilstein, son of HEINRICH [I] Graf von Nassau-Beilstein & his wife Imagina [Meine] von Westerburg (-1412, bur Mainz Cathedral).

b) MECHTILD von Randerode (-after 1365). "Willam greve van Gulge inde Ropprech greve van Virnenburch" confirmed a division of their inheritance between “Heinrichs van Ryffersscheyt” and “heren Johans van Ryfferscheyt”, naming “her Johan sinre...vrouwe Mettolde van Randenroyde”, by charter dated 6 Mar 1330[1265]. “Johann Herr von Reifferscheid und Mechtold seine Frau” granted Reifferscheid to the kings of Bohemia as Counts of Luxembourg as a fief by charter dated 1331, witnessed by “Graf Ruprecht von Virneburg und Heinrich von Malberg, beide Oheime, und Ludwig von Randerode, Schwager Johanns”[1266]. m (before 6 Mar 1330) JOHANN [IV] Herr von Reifferscheid, son of JOHANN [III] Herr von Reifferscheid & his wife Richardis von Salm (-1366).

Chapter 15. GRAVEN van ZUTPHEN

A. GRAVEN van ZUTPHEN

The county of Zutphen was a late creation, formed out of the remains of the county of Hamalant[1267]. The county of Zutphen was inherited by the counts of Gelderland, who are shown in the document LOWER RHINE NOBILITY.

1. OTTO (-1037 or before). Graaf van Zutphen. The Brunwilarensis Monasterii Fundatio names "Ottonis comitis de Sudveno" when recording the marriage of his daughter[1268]. m ---. The name of Otto's wife is not known. Graf Otto & his wife had two children:

a) ADELHEID . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Heiress of Zutphen, and the Vogteien of Münster and Borghorst. "Comiti Godescalco et uxori suæ Adelhaidæ et eorum filiis Gebehardo et Ottoni" reached agreement with Wilhelm Bishop of Utrecht concerning certain payments, by charter dated 1059[1269]. m GOTTSCHALK, son of HERMANN & his wife --- (-killed in battle 1063 or 1064).

b) MATHILDE van Zutphen . The Brunwilarensis Monasterii Fundatio names "filiam Ottonis comitis de Sudveno nomine Mathildem" as wife of Ludolf[1270]. m LUDOLF Herr von Waldenburg, son of EZZO [Erenfried] Pfalzgraf of Lotharingia & his wife Mathilde of Germany [Ottonen] (-11 Apr 1031, bur Brauweiler).

The identity of the Graaf van Zutphen, recorded as father of the [two] children shown below, has not been ascertained. From a chronological point of view only, it appears more likely that he was Graaf Otto who is named above rather than Graaf Gottschalk who is named in Part B. below. Vanderkindere suggests that Ermengarde who is named below was the same person as Ermengarde/Ermentrude, wife of Gozelon Comte de Montaigu (see the document LOWER LOTHARINGIA NOBILITY)[1271]. This co-identity appears unlikely to be correct as the properties which she donated in the [1179/89] charter quoted below are located in the Lower Rhine area, while the identifiable witnesses to that document are all members of the Lower Rhine nobility.

1. --- (-bur Rees). Graaf van Zutphen. m ---. [Two children]:

a) ERMENGARDE (-21 Feb [1076], bur [Rees]). A manuscript transcribed in the mid-19th century records that “Irnigardis...filia comitis Zutphaniæ, cognata sanctæ Irmtrudis, quæ quiescit in ecclesia Ressensi” reconstructed at her expense in 1040 the church of Rees which had been destroyed by lightning[1272], which appears to refer to Ermengarde who is named here. [Heinrich III King of Germany granted "in villis Harive, Vals, Apine, Falchenberch...in pago Livgowe et in comitatu Dietbaldi comitis" to "Irmingardæ...nepti nostræ", at the request of “ducum Gozelonis filiique sui Gotefredi”, by charter dated 15 Feb 1041[1273]. Kupper, indicating that this charter originated in the archives of Rees, suggests that the grantee was this Ermengarde[1274]. If that is correct, her precise family relationship with Heinrich III has not been ascertained.] [Archbishop Poppo of Trier confirmed the donation by "comitem Kadelonem et eius contectalem Irmingart" of hereditary property "Prümizvelt" by undated charter, dated to [1040/44], subscribed by "Duci Godefrido, Adalberto de Musel, comes Becelinus…"[1275]. Vanderkindere suggests the possibility that this charter refers to Ermentrude/Ermengarde, wife of Gozelon Comte de Montaigu[1276]. Kupper cites other authors who suggest that “comitem Kadelonem” was Chadalhoh Graf im Isengau[1277]: although the property donated was outside Chadalhoh’s usual area of activity in Bavaria.] Anno Archbishop of Köln confirmed that "domna Irminthrudis comitissa" had donated "preposituram...in Ressa" to the archbishopric by charter dated to [1056/75][1278]. A charter dated to [1074/87] records various donations to Admont including the donation made by "Irmgart comitissa vidua Chadilhohi comitis"[1279]. Two charters indicate a close connection between Ermengarde and Bruno von Heimbach. Hildolf Archbishop of Köln confirmed various donations, including "Strala” [Stralen near Geldern] which after the death of “Brunonis” had defaulted to “domne Ermendrude", and “hereditariam partem...Flattena, Pirna et vinee in Winitre, Venheim” which she held “cum Brunone”, to the abbey of Siegburg by charter dated 1076[1280]. Siegwin Archbishop of Köln noted a donation of property “in Aspelo...in Resa, in Embrico, in Stralo...in Wezevelde...Winetre...” (the last-named for anniversaries after her death) by "Irmengarda comitissa" for the souls of “suis parentumque suorum in Resa quiescentium peccatis redimendis”, by charter dated [1079/89], witnessed by “Ruotger advocatus...Adelbrat comes, Adolph de Monte, Gerhart de Gulecho, de Saphenberch Adelbrecht, Hesse comes...”[1281]. An epitaph at Bugeham records the death “die nono ante kal Mar” of “Irmingart”[1282]. [m CHADALHOH Graf im Isengau, son of CHADALHOH Graf im Isengau & his wife --- (-30 Oct [1050]).]

b) [MATHILDE [von Ehrenbreitstein] (-before 3 Aug 1101, bur Prüm St Salvator). The necrology of Siegburg records “pridie Non Jun” that “Bruno comes et uxor eius Mathilda de Erenbreitstein” donated “prædium in Gulse”[1283]. Anno Archbishop of Köln founded Siegburg abbey and listed its properties, including the donation of "Flatlena...decimationem...in Zulpiaco que in beneficio fuerat Sicconis comitis" made by "Mathilda Brunonis quondam coniuge", by charter dated to [1064][1284]. Anno Archbishop of Köln confirmed possessions of Siegburg abbey, including the donation of "Flattena...decimationem...in Zulpiaco, quæ in beneficio fuerat Sicconis comitis" made by "Mathilda Brunonis quondam coniuge", by charter dated 1064[1285]. Emperor Heinrich IV restored "predium…Prümizfelt quidam comes Bruno de Hengebach…tradidit…cum uxore sua Mathilde", taken by "comes Henricus de Lintburc", to the abbey of Prüm (where Matilda was buried) by charter dated 3 Aug 1101[1286]. No direct indication has been found that Mathilde, wife of Bruno von Heimbach, was the sister of Ermengarde. However, the reference to "Prümizfelt" in the 1101 charter which names Mathilde and her husband suggests a close relationship as the same place is named in the undated charter, dated to [1040/44], quoted above under her possible sister[1287]. The absence of any reference to Bruno and Ermentrude being siblings suggests that a relationship by marriage is a more likely possibility. If that is correct, one explanation is that Prümizvelt was inherited by supposed sisters Ermengarde and Mathilde from one of their parents. Indeed, if this was not the case, it is difficult to explain why his wife Mathilde would have been named in the 1101 charter with Bruno. If Ermengarde and Mathilde were sisters, it is not certain that they shared the same father: the reference to Mathilde as “von Ehrenbreitstein” indeed suggests that their fathers were different. m BRUNO von Hengebach Graf in Zülpich, son of --- (-25 Feb [1063/64]).]

B. GRAVEN van ZUTPHEN (family of GOTTSCHALK)

HERMAN (-after 1036). Graaf [in Gau Nifterlake]. Emperor Konrad II donated "predium…Eitthera...in pago Eittheri...in comitatu Erimanni", held by "clericus...Waltgerus" after whose death it had reverted to the emperor, to Werden by charter dated 10 Oct 1036[1288].

m ---. The name of Hermann's wife is not known.

Graaf Herman & his wife had [two children]:

1. [GOTTSCHALK (-killed in battle 1063 or 1064). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graaf van Twenthe 1027. Graaf van Zutphen 1037-1054. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated "Mehgida…in comitatu Godeschalci comitis et in pago Westvalen" to the Stift St Simon und Juda at Goslar by charter dated 27 Mar 1052[1289]. "Godescalci comitis Thuente" is named in a charter of bishop Bernulf dated before 1054[1290]. Graf in der Hetter 1062.] m ADELHEID van Zutphen, daughter of OTTO Graaf van Zutphen & his wife ---. Heiress of Zutphen and the Vogteien of Münster and Borghorst. "Comiti Godescalco et uxori suæ Adelhaidæ et eorum filiis Gebehardo et Ottoni" reached agreement with Wilhelm Bishop of Utrecht concerning certain payments, by charter dated 1059[1291]. Graf Gottschalk & his wife had two children:

a) GEBHARD (-after 1059). "Comiti Godescalco et uxori suæ Adelhaidæ et eorum filiis Gebehardo et Ottoni" reached agreement with Wilhelm Bishop of Utrecht concerning certain payments, by charter dated 1059[1292].

b) OTTO [II] "der Reiche" (-1113). "Comiti Godescalco et uxori suæ Adelhaidæ et eorum filiis Gebehardo et Ottoni" reached agreement with Wilhelm Bishop of Utrecht concerning certain payments, by charter dated 1059[1293]. Graaf van Zutphen. Anno Archbishop of Köln divided the church of Neutz St. Qurin, founded by "Euerhardus comes Clivensis et matrona nobilis Berta comitissa uxor sua" between the church and the archbishopric by charter dated 27 Sep 1074, witnessed by "Otto comes de Zutphen et de Gelrie..."[1294]. Burchard Bishop of Utrecht granted privileges to the church of St Peter and St Walburgis in Zutphen, at the request of “comitis domini Ottonis”, by charter dated 1105[1295]. Heinrich V King of Germany confirmed donations to the church of Zutphen made by “domini Ottonis comitis de Sutfenne et filii eius Heinrici” by charter dated 28 Dec 1107[1296]. Vogt von Corvey. The Annales Colonienses Maximi record the death in 1113 of “Otto...comes de Sudvene”[1297]. m JUDITH, daughter of --- (-[1118]). Her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated 1134 which records the donation by "Domina Ermengardis comitissa…hæres legitima oppidi Sutphaniensis…cum marito suo Cunrado comite de Lucelenburg et filio suo Henrico" of "ecclesiam Lochemensem", confirmed by the bishop of Utrecht, for the souls of "mariti sui Gerardi…domini Ottonis comitis patris sui et matris suæ Judithæ et fratrum suorum piæ memoriæ…episcopi Theodrici et comitum Henrici et Gerardi"[1298]. Graf Otto [II] & his wife had four children:

i) HENDRIK (-before 1134). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 1134 which records the donation by "Domina Ermengardis comitissa…hæres legitima oppidi Sutphaniensis…cum marito suo Cunrado comite de Lucelenburg et filio suo Henrico" of "ecclesiam Lochemensem", confirmed by the bishop of Utrecht, for the souls of "mariti sui Gerardi…domini Ottonis comitis patris sui et matris suæ Judithæ et fratrum suorum piæ memoriæ…episcopi Theodrici et comitum Henrici et Gerardi"[1299]. Heinrich V King of Germany confirmed donations to the church of Zutphen made by “domini Ottonis comitis de Sutfenne et filii eius Heinrici” by charter dated 28 Dec 1108[1300]. Graaf van Zutphen. Heinrich V King of Germany granted "comitatum Frisie" to "comiti Henrico de Zutphenne" in return for "beneficii Alcei" by charter dated 28 Dec 1108[1301]. The Annales Colonienses Maximi record a dispute in 1114 between Friedrich Archbishop of Köln and “ducis de Lovene Godefridi et comitis Westfalie Friderici fratrisque sui Heinrici et Theoderici de Are et Heinrici de Sudvene et Heinrici de Linburg”[1302]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln divided the church of Zyfflich by charter dated 1117 witnessed by "Godefridus dux, Fridericus comes de Arnesberg, Arnoldus de Clive, Heinricus comes de Sutuene…"[1303]. m MATHILDE von Beichlingen, daughter of KUNO Graf von Beichlingen & his wife Kunigunde von Weimar . The Annalista Saxo records (but does not name, except for the fourth daughter) the four daughters of Kuno & his wife, one of whom (listed first) married "Heinricus comes de Suitfene"[1304]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. 1117.

ii) DIRK (-before 1134). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 1134 which records the donation by "Domina Ermengardis comitissa…hæres legitima oppidi Sutphaniensis…cum marito suo Cunrado comite de Lucelenburg et filio suo Henrico" of "ecclesiam Lochemensem", confirmed by the bishop of Utrecht, for the souls of "mariti sui Gerardi…domini Ottonis comitis patris sui et matris suæ Judithæ et fratrum suorum piæ memoriæ…episcopi Theodrici et comitum Henrici et Gerardi"[1305]. Bishop.

iii) GERAARD (-before 1134). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 1134 which records the donation by "Domina Ermengardis comitissa…hæres legitima oppidi Sutphaniensis…cum marito suo Cunrado comite de Lucelenburg et filio suo Henrico" of "ecclesiam Lochemensem", confirmed by the bishop of Utrecht, for the souls of "mariti sui Gerardi…domini Ottonis comitis patris sui et matris suæ Judithæ et fratrum suorum piæ memoriæ…episcopi Theodrici et comitum Henrici et Gerardi"[1306].

iv) ERMGARD (-after 1134). A charter dated 1134 records the donation by "Domina Ermengardis comitissa…hæres legitima oppidi Sutphaniensis…cum marito suo Cunrado comite de Lucelenburg et filio suo Henrico" of "ecclesiam Lochemensem", confirmed by the bishop of Utrecht, for the souls of "mariti sui Gerardi…domini Ottonis comitis patris sui et matris suæ Judithæ et fratrum suorum piæ memoriæ…episcopi Theodrici et comitum Henrici et Gerardi"[1307]. Heiress of Zütphen. Neptis of Emperor Lothar [von Süpplingenburg], although the primary source which confirms this, and the precise relationship, has not yet been identified. m firstly ([1115/17]) GERHARD [II] Graaf van Gelre, son of GERHARD [I] "Flaminius" Graaf van Wassenberg & his [first wife ---] (-before 1134). m secondly (before 1134) CONRAD II Comte de Luxembourg, son of GUILLAUME I Comte de Luxembourg & his wife Luitgard von Beichlingen ([1106/12?]-after 30 May 1135).

2. [ERMENTRUDE (-bur [Utrecht St Maria]). Emperor Heinrich V confirmed property "in villa…Eitera…inter…fluvies Renum et Leccum", donated by his grandfather Emperor Heinrich III but appropriated by "comitis Rutberti et uxoris sue Ermenthrudis", to Kloster Werden by charter dated 27 May 1122[1308]. Verdonk quotes an inscription in the church of Utrecht St Maria which records the burial of “Irmedrudis comitissa”, although it is not known with certainty that this relates to the wife of Graf Rotbert[1309]. Her possible parentage is suggested by the charter dated 27 May 1122 under which Emperor Heinrich V confirmed property "in villa…Eitera…inter…fluvies Renum et Leccum", donated by his grandfather Emperor Heinrich III but appropriated by "comitis Rutberti et uxoris sue Ermenthrudis", to Kloster Werden[1310]. The property in question appears to be the same referred to in the charter dated 10 Oct 1036 which names Graaf Herman (see above). It is likely therefore that he was the father either of Rotbert or Ermentrude. The fact that Ermentrude was named at all in the 27 May 1122 charter suggests that she had a direct interest in the property. If that is correct, it appears more likely that she was the daughter of Graaf Herman, rather than her husband being his son.] m ROTBERT [I], son of --- (-[after 1073/75]).]

1. ROTBERT [I], son of --- (-[after 1073/75]). ["Gertrudis" donated property "in villa…Chessencih…et…in villa…Wesseno" to Deutz abbey by charter dated to [1073/75], subscribed by "Christiani comitis…Arnoldi comitis, Franconis comitis, Ruperti comitis, Sicconis comitis…"[1311]. It is not certain whether this charter refers to Rotbert [I] or his supposed son Rotbert [II].] m ERMENTRUDE, daughter of [HERMAN & his wife ---] (-bur [Utrecht St Maria]). Emperor Heinrich V confirmed property "in villa…Eitera…inter…fluvies Renum et Leccum", donated by his grandfather Emperor Heinrich III but appropriated by "comitis Rutberti et uxoris sue Ermenthrudis", to Kloster Werden by charter dated 27 May 1122[1312]. Verdonk quotes an inscription in the church of Utrecht St Maria which records the burial of “Irmedrudis comitissa”, although it is not known with certainty that this relates to the wife of Graf Rotbert[1313]. Her possible parentage is suggested by the charter dated 27 May 1122 under which Emperor Heinrich V confirmed property "in villa…Eitera…inter…fluvies Renum et Leccum", donated by his grandfather Emperor Heinrich III but appropriated by "comitis Rutberti et uxoris sue Ermenthrudis", to Kloster Werden[1314]. The property in question appears to be the same referred to in the charter dated 10 Oct 1036 which names Graaf Herman (see above). It is likely therefore that he was the father either of Rotbert or Ermentrude. The fact that Ermentrude was named at all in the 27 May 1122 charter suggests that she had a direct interest in the property. If that is correct, it appears more likely that she was the daughter of Graaf Herman, rather than her husband being his son. Rotbert & his wife had [four children]:

a) [ROTBERT . ["Gertrudis" donated property "in villa…Chessencih…et…in villa…Wesseno" to Deutz abbey by charter dated to [1073/75], subscribed by "Christiani comitis…Arnoldi comitis, Franconis comitis, Ruperti comitis, Sicconis comitis…"[1315]. It is not certain whether this charter refers to Rotbert [I] or his supposed son Rotbert [II].] “Ermengard” donated property to Köln St Pantaleon “per manus Ruperti nepotis mei, filii fratris mei Ruperti” by charter dated to [1106/14][1316].] m ---. The name of Rotbert´s wife is not known. Rotbert [II] & his wife had one child:

i) ROTBERT [III] . “Ermengard” donated property to Köln St Pantaleon “per manus Ruperti nepotis mei, filii fratris mei Ruperti” by charter dated to [1106/14][1317].

b) [HERMAN (-29 Dec 1121). “Ermengard” donated property to Köln St Pantaleon “per manus Ruperti nepotis mei, filii fratris mei Ruperti” by charter dated to [1106/14], which names her brother Hermann abbot of St Pantaleon and “filii sororis mee Thidericus et Herimannus”[1318].]

c) [ERMENGARD (-after [1106/14]). “Ermengard” donated property to Köln St Pantaleon “per manus Ruperti nepotis mei, filii fratris mei Ruperti” by charter dated to [1106/14], which names her brother Hermann abbot of St Pantaleon and “filii sororis mee Thidericus et Herimannus”[1319].]

d) [daughter .] m ---. Two children:

i) DIRK . “Ermengard” donated property to Köln St Pantaleon “per manus Ruperti nepotis mei, filii fratris mei Ruperti” by charter dated to [1106/14], which names her brother Hermann abbot of St Pantaleon and “filii sororis mee Thidericus et Herimannus”[1320].

ii) HERMAN . “Ermengard” donated property to Köln St Pantaleon “per manus Ruperti nepotis mei, filii fratris mei Ruperti” by charter dated to [1106/14], which names her brother Hermann abbot of St Pantaleon and “filii sororis mee Thidericus et Herimannus”[1321].

Chapter 16. STADHOUDERS of the NETHERLANDS 1506-1581 (HABSBURG APPOINTEES)

1. ALBRECHT "der Beherzte" Herzog von Sachsen, son of FRIEDRICH II "dem Sanftmütigen" Elector of Saxony & his wife Margareta of Austria (Grimma 31 Jul 1443-Emden 12 Sep 1500, bur Meissen Cathedral). He was appointed Stadhouder of the Netherlands in 1488 by Emperor Maximilian I, when he secured Habsburg control over their recent inheritance. He ruled until 1593 when Philipp Archduke of Austria came of age and assumed the role of governor of the Netherlands. Duke Albrecht's success was rewarded with the further appointment as permanent Governor of Westfriesland in 1498.

1. ENGELBERT [II] Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg, son of JOHANN [IV] Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg & his wife Marie de Looz (Breda 17 May 1451-Brussels 31 May 1504, bur Breda). Stadhouder of the Netherlands in 1496 and 1501, Stadhouder of Flanders and governor of Lille 1486. President of the Council 1494.

1. GUILLAUME de Croÿ Seigneur de Chièvres, son of PHILIPPE de Croÿ Seigneur d’Aerschott & his wife Jacqueline de Luxembourg (1458-28 May 1521). Marquis d’Aerschott. Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1504-1507, 1515-1517.

1. MARGARETA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor MAXIMILIAN I Archduke of Austria & his first wife Marie Dss of Burgundy (Brussels 10 Jan 1480-Mechelen 1 Dec 1530, bur Brou near Bourg-en-Bresse). Stadhouderin of the Netherlands 1507-1515 and 1518-1530.

1. MARIA Archduchess of Austria Queen of Hungary, (Brussels 17 Sep 1505-Cigales near Valladolid 18 Oct 1558, bur 1574 Escorial). Stadhouderin of the Netherlands 1531-1555.

1. EMMANUEL PHILIBERT Duke of Savoy, son of CHARLES III Duke of Savoy & his wife Infanta dona Maria Brites de Portugal (Chambéry 8 Jul 1528-Turin 30 Aug 1580). Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1555-1559.

1. MARGARITA of Austria Duchess of Parma, illegitimate daughter of Emperor KARL V [CARLOS I King of Aragon and Castile] & his mistress Johanna van der Ghenst (Oudenaarde 28 Dec 1522-Ortona, Parma 18 Jan 1586, bur Rome). Stadhouderin of the Netherlands 1559-1567.

1. FERNANDO Álvarez de Toledo Duke of Alba, son of GARCIA Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga & his wife Beatriz Pimentel (Piedrahita, Ávila 29 Oct 1507-Tomar 11 Dec 1582). Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1567-1573.

1. LUIS de Requesens y Zúñiga, son of JUAN de Zúñiga y Requesens [Viceroy of Naples] & his wife Estefanía de Requesens (Barcelona 25 Aug 1528-Brussels 5 Mar 1576). Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1573-1576.

1. Infante don JUAN de Austria, illegitimate son of Emperor KARL V [CARLOS I King of Aragon and Castile] & his mistress Barbara Blomberg (Regensburg 24 Feb [1547]-Bouges near Namur 1 October 1578). Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1576-1578.

1. ALESSANDRO Farnese di Parma, son of OTTAVIO Farnese Duke of Parma & his wife Margareta of Austria (Rome 27 Aug 1545-Saint Waast, Spanish Netherlands 3 Dec 1592, bur Parma). Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1578-1581. He succeeded his father 1586 as ALESSANDRO Duke of Parma and Piacenza.

1. MATTHIAS Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor MAXIMILIAN II Archduke of Austria King of Bohemia and Hungary & his wife Infanta doña María of Spain (Vienna 24 Feb 1557-Vienna 20 Mar 1619, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft). Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1578-1581. Elected Emperor MATTHIAS at Frankfurt-am-Main 13 Jun 1612, crowned 24 Jun 1612 at Frankfurt-am-Main.

After the successful rebellion organised by Willem “the Silent” Prince of Orange-Nassau in the northern Netherlands, Habsburg rule was confined to area which came to be known as the “Spanish Netherlands”, consisting of present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of northern France.

1. ALESSANDRO Farnese, son of ODOARDO I Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza & his wife Margherita de’ Medici Pss of Tuscany (10 Jan 1635-18 Feb 1689). Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1680-1682.

1. PETER ERNST Graf von Mansfeld, son of ERNST II Graf von Mansfeld [Vorderort] & his second wife Dorothea von Solms-Lich (Heldrungen, Saxony 20 Jul 1517-Luxembourg 22 May 1604). Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1592-1594.

Two brothers:

1. ERNST Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor MAXIMILIAN II Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia & Hungary & his wife Infanta doña Maria of Spain Archduchess of Austria (Vienna 15 Jun 1553-Brussels 20 Feb 1595, bur Brussels St Gudula). Statthalter of Austria im Land ob und unter der Enns 1576. Statthalter in Hungary 1578-1594. Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1593.

2. ALBRECHT Archduke of Austria (Wiener-Neustadt 15 November 1559-Brussels 13 July 1621, bur Brussels St Gudula). Cardinal, Archbishop of Toledo 1577-1598, resigned. Viceroy of Portugal 1583. Grand Inquisitor 1594-1598. Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1596. Statthalter of Franche-Comté 1598-1599. Landesfürst of the Netherlands 1598. m (Valencia 18 Apr 1599) his first cousin, Infanta doña ISABEL CLARA EUGENIA of Spain, daughter of FELIPE II King of Spain & his third wife Elisabeth de Valois Pss de France (Segovia 12 Aug 1566-Brussels 1 Dec 1633). Landesfürstin of the Spanish Netherlands 1599-1621. Stadhouderin of the Netherlands and Franche-Comté 1621-1633.

Chapter 17. STADHOUDERS of the NETHERLANDS 1581-1702 (ORANGE-NASSAU)

WILLEM "Taciturnus/the Silent" Graf von Nassau, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez, son of WILHELM I "der Reiche" Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg in Dillenburg, Siegen, Vianden und [halb] Diez & his second wife Juliane von Stolberg-Wernigerode (Dillenburg 24 Apr 1533-murdered Delft 10 Jul 1584, bur Delft Nieuwe Kerk). He succeeded in 1544 as Prince d'Orange. Heer van Breda, Lek, Steenbergen, Sichem, Diest, Herstal, Grimbergen, Rumpst, Zundert, Gageldonck and Assche, Burggraf van Antwerpen. Heer van Vere en Vlissingen. Stadhouder of Holland, Seeland and Utrecht. WILLEM I Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1581.

m firstly (Büren 8 Jul 1551) ANNA van Egmond Gravin van Büren, Leerdam en Lingen, Vrouwe van Ijsselstein, Grave, Sint-Maartensdijk, Cortgene en Cranendonck, daughter of MAXIMILIAAN Graaf van Buren Stadhouder of Friesland & his wife Françoise Dame de Lannoy (Grave Mar 1533-Breda 24 Mar 1558, bur Breda).

m secondly (Leipzig 24 Aug 1561, divorced 1574) ANNA von Sachsen, daughter of MORITZ Elector of Saxony & his wife Agnes von Hessen (Dresden 23 Dec 1544-Dresden 18 Dec 1577, bur Freiberg Cathedral).

m thirdly (Den Briel 12 Jul 1574) CHARLOTTE de Bourbon, daughter of LOUIS de Bourbon Duc de Montpensier & his first wife Jacqueline de Longwy Ctss de Bar-sur-Seine (-Antwerp 6 May 1582, bur Antwerp, church of Notre-Dame). Nun 1559. Abbess of Jouarre 1571. She renounced her vows in 1572 when she went to the court of Friedrich III Elector Palatine and converted to Calvinism.

m fourthly (Antwerp 24 Apr 1583) as her second husband, LOUISE de Coligny, widow of CHARLES Seigneur de Théligny en Rouergue, daughter of GASPARD [II] Comte de Coligny, Seigneur de Châtillon-sur-Loing [Amiral de France] & his wife Charlotte de Laval (Châtillon-sur-Loing 28 Sep 1555-Fontainebleau 13 Nov 1620, bur Delft Nieuwe Kerk).

Mistress (1): EVA Elinx, daughter of ---.

Willem I & his first wife had three children:

1. [MARIA] 22 Nov 1553-after 22 Jul 1555).

2. FILIPS WILLEM (Buren 19 Dec 1554-Brussels 20 Feb 1618, bur Delft). He succeeded his mother in 1558 as Graaf van Buren. He was imprisoned in Spain 1568-1596. He succeeded his father in 1584 as FILIPS WILLEM Prins van Oranje. m contract Paris 19 Nov 1606, Château de Valléry 21 Nov 1606) ELEONORE de Bourbon, daughter of HENRI de Bourbon Prince de Condé, Duc d'Enghien & his second wife Charlotte de Trémoïlle (30 Apr 1587-Château de Muret 20 Jan 1619, bur Valléry).

3. MARIA (Breda 7 Feb 1556-Buren 10 Oct 1616, bur Öhringen Stiftskirche). m (Buren 7 Feb 1595) PHILIPP Graf von Hohenlohe, son of --- (-Ijsselstein 6 Mar 1606, bur Öhringen Stiftskirche).

Willem I & his second wife had five children:

4. daughter (b and d Brussels 1 Nov 1562).

5. ANNA (5 Nov 1563-Franeker 13 Jun 1588, bur Leeuwarden). m (Franeker 25 Nov 1587) WILHELM LUDWIG Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg Stadhouder of Friesland and Groningen, son of JOHANN VI "der Ältere" Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg in Dillenburg, Siegen, Hadamar und Diez & his first wife Elisabeth von Leuchtenberg (Siegen 13 Mar 1560-Leeuwarden 31 May 1620, bur Leeuwarden). He succeeded in 1607 as WILHELM LUDWIG "Us Heit" Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg.

6. MAURITS AUGUST PHILIPP (Brussels 18 Dec 1564-Brussels 8 Dec 1566).

7. MAURITS (Dillenburg 13 Nov 1567-The Hague 23 Apr 1625, bur Delft). Stadhouder and Captain-General of Holland and Seeland 1585. Stadhouder of Utrecht, Geldern and Overijssel 1590. Graf von Mörs 1600. In Lingen und Willemstad 1609. He succeeded his half-brother in 1618 as MAURITS Prins van Oranje, Baron van Breda, Graaf van Buren en Leerdam. Stadhouder of Groningen and Drenthe 1620. Mistress (1): MARGARETHA van Mechelen, daughter of --- ([1581]-1662). Mistress (2): CORNELIA Jacobsdochter, daughter of JACOB ---. Mistress (3): URSULA de Rijck, daughter of ---. Mistress (4): ANNA van der Kelder, daughter of ---. Mistress (5): DELIANA de Backer, daughter of ---. Maurits had three illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

a) LODEWIJK van Nassau (1602-The Hague 1665). Heer van Beverweerd en der Lek. Governor of Bergen op Zoom. m (1630). ISABELLA Graviin von Horne, daughter of --- (-1664).

- GRAVEN van NASSAU de LEK.

b) WILLEM van Nassau ([1601-killed in battle 1627). Heer van de Lek. m (Sluis 1627) ANNA van der Noot Vrouwe van Hoogwoud, daughter of --- (-1642).

- van NASSAU.

Maurits had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

c) ANNA (-1673). m ([1636]) FRANÇOIS de Ferrier Seigneur de Morsant, son of --- (-1647).

Maurits had two illegitimate children by Mistress (3):

d) ELISABETH (1611-, bur Breda 1679).

e) KAREL (Delft [1612]-killed in battle Ponto Calvo Brazil 1637). m (1630) MARGARETA van Bodeghem, daughter of ---. Karel & his wife had one child:

i) MARIA (1634-after 1651).

Maurits had one illegitimate child by Mistress (4):

f) KAREL MAURITS (-after 1636[1322]).

Maurits had one illegitimate child by Mistress (5):

g) ELEONORA (-[1693/1703]). m (The Hague 1643) GERHARD BERNHARD Freiherr von Pölnitz, (-Berlin 1679).

8. EMILIA Pss van Oranje-Nassau (Köln 10 Apr 1569-Geneva 16 Mar 1629, bur Geneva Saint-Pierre). Dame de Frangins [Vaud] 1626. m (The Hague 17 Nov 1597) as his first wife, dom MANOEL de Portugal, illegitimate son of dom ANTONIO de Portugal & his mistress Anna Barbosa (-Brussels 22 Jun 1638, bur Brussels Franciscan Church). Self-styled “dom MANOEL I "Prince" of Portugal”, he claimed the throne of Portugal in 1595 on the death of his father.

Willem I & his third wife had six children:

9. LUISE JULIANE (Delft 31 Mar 1576-Königsberg in Preußen 15 Mar 1644, bur Königsberg Cathedral). Regent of the Palatinate 1610-1611 for her son Friedrich V. She lived at the court of her son-in-law Georg Wilhelm Elector of Brandenburg, and left Berlin with them for Königsberg during the Thirty Years War. m (Dillenburg 23 Jun 1593) FRIEDRICH IV Elector Palatine, son of LUDWIG VI Elector Palatine & his first wife Elisabeth Landgräfin von Hessen (Amberg 5 Mar 1574-Heidelberg 9 Sep 1610, bur Heidelberg Heilige Geist).

10. ELISABETH (Middelburg 26 Mar 1577-Sedan 3 Sep 1642, bur Sedan). m (The Hague 15 Apr 1595) as his second wife, HENRI de la Tour Duc de Bouillon, Prince de Sedan, son of FRANÇOIS [III] de la Tour Vicomte de Turenne & his wife Eléonore de Montmorency (Joze en Auvergne 28 Sep 1555-Sedan 25 Mar 1623, bur Sedan).

11. KATHARINA BELGICA (Antwerp 3 Jul 1578-The Hague 12 Apr 1648, bur Delft). Regent 1612. m (Dillenburg 22 Oct 1596) PHILIPP LUDWIG II Graf von Hanau-Münzenberg, son of --- (-9 Aug 1612).

12. CHARLOTTE FLANDRINA (Antwerp 18 Aug 1579-16 Apr 1640). Abbess of Sainte Croix near Poitiers.

13. CHARLOTTE BRABANTINA (Antwerp 17 Sep 1580-Aug 1631). m (Châtellerault 11 Mar 1598) CLAUDE de la Trémoïlle Duc de Thouars, son of LOUIS [III] de la Trémoïlle Duc de Thouars & his wife Jeanne de Montmorency (1566-Château de Thouars 25 Oct 1604).

14. EMILIA SECUNDA ANTWERPIANA (Antwerp 9 Dec 1581-Landsberg 28 Sep 1657, bur Meisenheim). m (Zweibrücken 4 Jul 1616) FRIEDRICH KASIMIR Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken in Landsberg, son of JOHANN Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken & his wife Magdalene Pss von Kleve (Zweibrücken 10 Jun 1585-Montfort, Côte d’Or 30 Sep 1645, bur Zweibrücken Alexanderkirche).

Willem I & his fourth wife had one child:

15. FREDERIK HENDRIK (Delft 1584-The Hague 1647). He succeeded his brother 1625 as Prins van Oranje, Graf von Nassau, Katzelnbogen, Vianden, Diez, Lingen, Mörs, Buren en Leerdam, Marquis de Vere en Vlissingen, Heer en Baron van Breda, Grave en Cuyck. FREDERIK HENDRIK Stadhouder of the Netherlands. m (The Hague 1625) AMALIE Gräfin zu Solms-Braunfels, daughter of --- (Braunfels 31 Aug 1602-The Hague 8 Sep 1675). Mistress (1): MARGARETA KATHARINA Bruyne, daughter of ---. Frederik Hendrik & his wife had nine children:

a) WILLEM (The Hague 27 May 1626-Binnenhof Palace, The Hague 27 Oct/6 Nov 1650, bur 8 Mar 1651 Delft). He succeeded his father in 1647 as WILLEM II Stadhouder of Holland, Seeland, Utrecht, Geldern, Overijssel, Groningen and Drenthe. He died of smallpox. m (Chapel Royal, Whitehall 2 May 1641) MARY HENRIETTA Pss of England and Scotland, daughter of CHARLES I King of England and Scotland & his wife Henriette Marie de France (St James's Palace 4 Nov 1631-Whitehall 24 Dec 1660, bur Westminster Abbey). She was designated “Princess Royal” [1642]. Willem II & his wife had one child:

i) WILLEM HENDRIK (posthumously, Binnenhof Palace, The Hague 4/14 Nov 1650-Kensington Palace 8/19 Mar 1702, bur Westminster Abbey). Prins van Oranje Graf von Nassau. WILLEM III Stadhouder of Holland from birth, deprived of the title, reinstated 1672. He landed in England 14 Nov 1688 and acceded to the throne as WILLIAM III King of England and Scotland as joint sovereign with his wife 13 Feb 1689, following the Interregnum after the abdication and deposition of James II. He ruled in his sole name from the death of his wife in 1694. m (St James’s Palace 4 Nov 1677) his first cousin, MARY Pss of England and Scotland, daughter of JAMES Duke of York [later JAMES II King of England, JAMES VII King of Scotland] & his first wife Anne Hyde (St James's Palace 30 Apr 1662-Kensington Palace 28 Dec 1694, bur Westminster Abbey). She was proclaimed MARY II Queen of England and Scotland 13 Feb 1689, following the Interregnum after the abdication and deposition of her father James II. Willem III & his wife had three children:

(a) stillborn child (Breda Apr 1678).

(b) stillborn child (Hanserlaersdyck, Holland Sep 1678).

b) LUISE HENRIETTE (The Hague 27 Nov 1627-Berlin, Cöln an der Spree 8/18 Jun 1667). m (The Hague 28 Nov/7 Dec 1646) as his first wife, FRIEDRICH WILHELM "der Grosse" Elector of Brandenburg, of GEORG WILHELM Elector of Brandenburg & his wife Elisabeth Charlotte Pfalzgräfin von Simmern (Berlin Schloß, Cölln an der Spree 6/16 Feb 1620-Potsdam Schloß 29 Apr/9 May 1688, bur Berlin Cathedral).

c) HENRIETTE AMALIA (The Hague 26 Oct 1628-Dec 1628, bur Delft).

d) ELISABETH (b and d 4 Aug 1630, bur Delft).

e) ISABELLA CHARLOTTE (The Hague 28 Apr 1632-17 May 1642, bur Delft).

f) ALBERTINA AGNES (The Hague 19 Apr 1634-Oranjewoud Palace, Heerenveen, Friesland 24 May 1696, bur Leeuwarden). m (Kleve 2 May 1652) WILLEM FREDERIK Fürst von Nassau-Diez, son of ERNST KASIMIR Graf von Nassau-Diez & his wife Sophie Hedwig von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Nassau Palace Arnhem 17 Aug 1613-Palace of Stadhouder Leeuwarden 31 Oct 1664, bur Leeuwarden).

g) HENRIETTE CATHARINA (The Hague 31 Jan 1637-Schloß Oranienbaum [3/4] Oct 1708, bur Dessau Schloßkirche). m (Groningen 9 Jul 1659) JOHANN GEORG Erbprinz von Anhalt-Dessau, son of JOHANN KASIMIR Fürst von Anhalt-Dessau & his first wife Agnes Landgräfin von Hessen-Kassel (Dessau 7/17 Nov 1627-Berlin 17/27 Aug 1693, bur Dessau Stadtkirche). He succeeded his father in 1660 as JOHANN GEORG II Fürst von Anhalt-Dessau.

h) HENDRIK LODEWIJK (The Hague 30 Nov 1639-The Hague 29 Dec 1639, bur The Hague).

i) MARIA (The Hague 5 Sep 1642-Kreuznach 20 Mar 1688, bur Simmern Stadtkirche). m (Kleve 23 Sep 1666) LUDWIG HEINRICH Pfalzgraf von Simmern, son of LUDWIG PHILIPP Pfalzgraf von Simmern und Kaiserslautern & his wife Marie Eleonore von Brandenburg (Sedan 11 Oct 1640-Kreuznach 3 Jan 1674, bur Simmern Stadtkirche).

Frederik Hendrik had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

j) FREDERIK van Nassau (1624-killed in battle Grevenbrugge 1672). Heer van Zuijlesnstein 1640. m (The Hague 1648) MARY Killegrew, daughter of --- (1627-).

- EARLS of ROCHFORD.

Willem I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

16. JUSTINUS van Nassau (1559-1630/31). Governor of Breda. m (1597) ANNA Bss van Merode, daughter of --- (1565-1634).

- van NASSAU.

Chapter 18. STADHOUDERS of the UNITED PROVINCES 1747-1806 (ORANGE-NASSAU)

WILLEM KAREL HENDRIK FRISO Prinz von Nassau-Diez, son of JOHAN WILLEM FRISO Fürst von Nassau-Diez [later Prince of Orange-Nassau] & his wife Marie Luise Landgräfin von Hessen-Kassel (posthumously Leeuwarden 1 Sep 1711-The Hague 22 Oct 1751, bur Delft). He succeeded his father at birth as WILHELM Fürst von Nassau-Diez, Erbstadhouder of Friesland, under the regency of his mother until 1731. Under the Treaty of Utrecht 1713 he renounced his rights to the principality of Orange, receiving in return all the lands of the House of Nassau in the Netherlands as WILLEM IV Prince of Orange-Nassau. Stadhouder of Groningen 1718, and of Drente and Gelre 1722. In Dillenburg 1742, in Siegen 1743. Hereditary Stadhouder of the United Provinces [the Netherlands] 4 May 1747. Graaf van Culemborg 1748.

m (St James's Palace, London 25 Mar 1734) ANNE Pss Royal of Great Britain, Ireland and Hannover, daughter of GEORGE II King of Great Britain Elector of Hannover & his wife Karoline Markgräfin von Brandenburg-Ansbach (Schloß Herrenhausen, Hannover 2 Nov 1709-The Hague 12 Jan 1759, bur Delft). Regent of the Netherlands (“de Gouvernante”) 1751-1759.

Willem IV & his wife had six children:

1. child stillborn (Jun 1735).

2. daughter (The Hague 19 Dec 1736-The Hague 19 Dec 1736, bur Delft).

3. daughter (Leeuwarden 21 Dec 1739-Leeuwarden Dec 1739).

4. WILHELMINA CAROLINA (Leeuwarden 28 Feb 1743-Kirchheimbolanden 6 May 1787). Regent in Friesland 1765-1766. m (The Hague 5 Mar 1760) [as his first wife,] KARL CHRISTIAN Fürst von Nassau-Weilburg, son of KARL AUGUST Fürst zu Nassau-Weilburg & his wife Auguste Friederike Pss von Nassau-Saarbrücken (Weilburg 16 Jan 1735-Münster-Dreyssen near Kirchheim 28 Nov 1788). General of Infantry. Governor of Maastricht.

5. ANNA MARIA (Leeuwarden 15 Nov 1746-Leeuwarden 29 Dec 1746).

6. WILLEM BATAVUS (The Hague 8 Mar 1748-Braunschweig 9 Apr 1806, bur Braunschweig, transferred to Delft 29 Apr 1958). He succeeded his father in 1751 as WILLEM V Prince of Orange-Nassau, Fürst von Nassau-Diez, Hereditary Stadhouder of the United Provinces under the regency of his mother until her death in 1751 and from 1751 to 1766 under that of the Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. He fled the country 18 Jan 1795 ahead of the French invasion living in England and, after 1801, in Diez. He formally abdicated in 1802. He received the principality of Fulda and the county of Corvey, which he renounced immediately in favour of his son. m (Berlin 4 Oct 1767) FRIEDERIKE SOPHIE WILHELMINE Pss of Prussia, daughter of AUGUST WILHELM Prince of Prussia & his wife Luise Amalie Pss von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (Prinzliches Palais, Berlin 7 Aug 1751-Het Loo Castle, near Apeldoorn Netherlands 9 Jun 1820, bur Apeldoorn, transferred to Delft 27 Nov 1822). Willem V & his wife had five children:

a) son (The Hague 23 Mar 1769-The Hague 24 Mar 1769, bur Delft).

b) FREDERIKA LOUISE WILHELMINA Pss of Orange-Nassau (The Hague 28 Nov 1770-The Hague 15 Oct 1819, bur Delft). m (The Hague 14 Oct 1790) KARL GEORG AUGUST Erbprinz von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, son of KARL WILHELM FERDINAND Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & his wife Augusta Pss Royal of Great Britain (London 8 Feb 1766-Antoinettenruh near Wolfenbüttel 20 Sep 1806, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).

c) daughter stillborn (6 Aug 1771).

d) WILLEM FREDERIK (The Hague 24 Aug 1772-Berlin 12 Dec 1843, bur Delft). He became Infantry General and Governor of Breda 1790. Fürst von Nassau-Fulda 1802 on the renunciation of his father. He lost all his territories in 1806 on the establishment of the Confederation of the Rhine. He served in the Austrian army as Lieutenant-Field Marshall He was restored as Stadhouder of the Netherlands 2 Feb 1813. He renounced all his German territories in favour of the King of Prussia 31 May 1815 receiving Luxembourg in return. He became WILLEM I King of the Netherlands and Duke of Luxembourg 16 Mar 1815 and Grand Duke of Luxembourg 9 Jun 1815. He lost the southern part of his kingdom in 1830 when the kingdom of Belgium was formed. He abdicated at Apeldoorn 7 Oct 1840. m firstly (Berlin 1 Oct 1791) his first cousin, WILHELMINE Pss of Prussia, daughter of FRIEDRICH WILHELM II King of Prussia & his second wife Friederike Luise Landgräfin von Hessen-Darmstadt (Potsdam 18 Nov 1774-The Hague 12 Oct 1837, bur Delft). m secondly (Berlin 17 Feb 1841) HENRIËTTE ADRIANA LUDOVICA FLORA Ctss d'Oultremont de Wégimont, daughter of FERDINAND LOUIS Comte d’Oultremont de Wégimont & his wife Susanna Hartsinck (Maastricht 28 Feb 1792-Schloß Rahe near Aachen 26 Oct 1864, bur Wégimont). She was created Ctss of Nassau 17 Feb 1841.

- KINGS of the NETHERLANDS.

e) WILLEM GEORG FREDERIK (The Hague 15 Feb 1774-Padua 6 Jan 1799, bur Padua his remains were removed to Delft 3 Jul 1896). He fought against the French becoming Lieutenant-Field Marshall 14 Nov 1798 with the Austrian troops in Italy.

[1] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum, I, 45, Divisio Regnorum 806, p. 126.

[2] Koch, A. C. F. (ed.) (1970) Oorkondenboek van Holland en Zeeland tot 1299 (Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague) ("Oorkondenboek Holland (1970)"), 92, p. 189.

[3] Property Register St Maarten's Church, Gysseling & Koch (eds.) (1950) Diplomata Belgica, n^o. 195, transcribed at <http://www.keesn.nl/sources/en_start.htm> (15 Sep 2006).

[4] Fredegar (Continuator), 6 and 8.

[5] Annales Mettenses 711, MGH SS I, p. 322.

[6] Fredegar (Continuator), 17.

[7] Fredegar (Continuator), 31.

[8] Reuter, T. (1991) Germany in the early middle ages c.800-1056 (Longman), p. 69.

[9] Grote, H. (1877) Stammtafeln (reprint Leipzig, 1984), p. 495.

[10] Reuter (1991), p. 69.

[11] Scholz, B. W. with Rogers, B. (2000) Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories (University of Michigan Press) (“RFA”), 810, pp. 91-2.

[12] Annales Fuldenses 837, MGH SS I, p. 361.

[13] Annales Bertiniani II 852.

[14] Annales Fuldenses 826, MGH SS I, p. 359.

[15] Annales Bertiniani II 855.

[16] Annales Fuldensium Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 882, MGH SS I, p. 396.

[17] Vita Mathildis Reginæ 2, MGH SS IV, p. 285.

[18] Vita Domni Deoderici Episcopi Maioris I, MGH SS IV, p. 464.

[19] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, p. 24.

[20] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, p. 58.

[21] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, p. 194.

[22] Van den Bergh, L. P. C. (1852) Handboek der Middel-Nederlandsche Geographie (Leiden), pp. 129-227.

[23] Vanderkindere, A. (1902) La formation territoriale des principautés belges au moyen-âge (Brussels), Vol. 2, pp. 275-6.

[24] Dronke, E. F. J. (ed.) (1844) Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses (Fulda) ("Traditiones Fuldenses"), pp. 42-51, conveniently summarised in Van den Bergh, L. P. C. (1866) Oorkondenboek van Holland en Zeeland, Eerste afdeeling, eerste deel (Amsterdam) ("Oorkondenboek Holland (1866)"), 9, pp. 5-10.

[25] Altfridi Vita S. Liudgeri 19, MGH SS II, p. 410.

[26] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 130, quoting "Bondam I, no. 54 and 59".

[27] Adami Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum I, 13, Schol. 4, MGH SS VII, p. 289.

[28] Van den Bergh, L. P. C. (1852) Handboek der Middel-Nederlandsche Geographie (Leiden), p. 129.

[29] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 131.

[30] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 132.

[31] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 134.

[32] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 292.

[33] D H IV 18, p. 22.

[34] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 276.

[35] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 136.

[36] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 141.

[37] Annales Metenses 736, MGH SS I, p. 326.

[38] Annales Xantenses 873, MGH SS II, p. 235.

[39] Annalium Fuldensium Pars Tertia 873, MGH SS I, p. 386.

[40] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 141.

[41] D H IV 386, p. 511.

[42] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 144, quoting Cod. dipl. Lauresh. I, p. 162.

[43] Van den Bergh (1852), pp. 146-7.

[44] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 147.

[45] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 150.

[46] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 155.

[47] Van den Bergh (1852), pp. 159-60.

[48] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 164.

[49] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 165.

[50] Kees Nieuwenhuijsen, in a private email to the author dated 3 Oct 2006.

[51] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 169.

[52] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 173.

[53] D H II 112, p. 137.

[54] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 173.

[55] D H IV 15, p. 19.

[56] Van den Bergh (1852), pp. 175-7.

[57] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 177.

[58] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 177.

[59] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 179.

[60] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 184.

[61] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 194.

[62] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 191.

[63] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 306.

[64] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 306.

[65] Van den Bergh (1852), pp. 195-6.

[66] D O I 358, p. 491.

[67] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 200.

[68] D O III 347, p. 776.

[69] D H IV 16, p. 20.

[70] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 198.

[71] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 199, citing Lacomblet, T. J. (ed.) (1840) Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins, Band I (Düsseldorf) ("Niederrheins Urkundenbuch"), no. 79.

[72] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 205.

[73] Vita Hludowici Imperatoris 45, MGH SS II, p. 633.

[74] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 209, citing Bondam, I, no. 5.

[75] Van den Bergh (1852), pp. 207-8.

[76] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 277.

[77] Van den Bergh (1852), pp. 218-9.

[78] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 223.

[79] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 224.

[80] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 225.

[81] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 275.

[82] Annales Bertiniani Pars Secunda auctore Prudentio Trecensi Episcopo 837, MGH SS I, p. 430.

[83] Annales Fuldenses 837, MGH SS I, p. 361.

[84] Annales Bertiniani Pars Secunda auctore Prudentio Trecensi Episcopo 841, MGH SS I, p. 438.

[85] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 221.

[86] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 119.

[87] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum II, p. 195.

[88] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 226.

[89] Van den Bergh (1852), pp. 226-7.

[90] D Arn 57, p. 81, and Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 21, p. 36.

[91] Kees Nieuwenhuijsen, in a private email to the author dated 3 Oct 2006.

[92] Reginonis Chronicon 885, MGH SS I, p. 595.

[93] Annales Vedastini 885, MGH SS II, p. 201. For the location Herispich, see Regino. For the narrative sources, see <http://www.gjallar.nl/> (25 Oct 2006).

[94] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 41, p. 73.

[95] Annales Egmundani 867, MGH SS XVI, p. 445.

[96] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 28, p. 49.

[97] Bruch, H. (ed.) (1973) Chronologia Johannes de Beke (The Hague), 28a, p. 55, available at <http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten KroniekVanJohannesDeBekeTot1430/latijn> (31 Aug 2006).

[98] D O III 19, p. 417, and Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 55, p. 106.

[99] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 85, p. 163.

[100] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 55a, p. 113.

[101] Beyer, H. (ed.) (1860) Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien (Coblenz), Vol. I, (“Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch I”), 255, p. 311, consulted at <http:/www.rlb.de/mrHist/> (12 Dec 2007).

[102] D O III 19, p. 417.

[103] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 169, p. 233.

[104] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 159, p. 222.

[105] ES II 2.

[106] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 33a, p. 61.

[107] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 37, p. 71.

[108] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 78a, p. 255.

[109] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 108.

[110] Annales Xantenses 719, MGH SS II, p. 221.

[111] Fredegar (Continuator), 6.

[112] Plummer, C. (1895) Venerabilis Bædæ opera historica, Tomus prior (Oxford) Bædæ Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum ("Bede Historia Ecclesiastica (Plummer)"), Book V, Chapter X, p. 299.

[113] Fredegar (Continuator), 8.

[114] Annales Petaviani 716, MGH SS I, p. 7.

[115] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 9, p. 14.

[116] Annales Petaviani 719, MGH SS I, p. 7.

[117] Chronicon Moissiacense 713, MGH SS I, p. 290.

[118] Fredegar (Continuation), 7, which does not give her name.

[119] Vita Landberti episcopi Traiectensis Auctore Sigeberto xxvii, MGH SS rer. Merov. VI, p. 405.

[120] Annales Mettenses 711, MGH SS I, p. 322.

[121] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 34, p. 63.

[122] Gallia Christiana, Tome XIII, col. 391.

[123] Annales Colonienses Brevissimi 850, MGH SS I, p. 97.

[124] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 34, p. 63.

[125] Cæsarii Heisterbacensis Catalogus Archiepiscopum Coloniensium 94-1230, Fontes rerum Germanicarum II, p. 272.

[126] Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium I, 50, MGH SS VII, p. 418.

[127] Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium I, 51, MGH SS VII, p. 419.

[128] Annales Bertiniani 864, MGH SS I, p. 465.

[129] Annales Bertiniani 866, MGH SS I, p. 471.

[130] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1860), vijfde deel, p. 50.

[131] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 50.

[132] Vita Radbodi, MGH SS XV.1, p. 569.

[133] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 198.

[134] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 34, p. 63.

[135] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 105.

[136] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 51.

[137] Gesta Treverorum, 26, MGH SS II, p. 164.

[138] Cæsarii Heisterbacensis Catalogus Archiepiscopum Coloniensium 94-1230, Fontes rerum Germanicarum II, p. 272.

[139] Annales Novesienses, Veterum Scriptorum IV, col. 537.

[140] Baron Ernouf (1858) Histoire de Waldrade, de Lother II et de leurs descendants (Paris), p. 5.

[141] Annales Bertiniani III 862.

[142] Vita Sancti Deicoli 13, MGH SS XV.2, p. 678.

[143] Folcuini Gesta Abbatum Lobiensium 13, MGH SS IV, p. 61.

[144] Settipani (1993), pp. 271-2.

[145] Gallia Christiana, Tome XIII, col. 391.

[146] Baron Ernouf (1858) Histoire de Waldrade, de Lother II et de leurs descendants (Paris), p. 5.

[147] Reginonis Chronicon, 847, MGH SS I, p. 568.

[148] Gesta Treverorum, 26, MGH SS VIII, p. 164.

[149] Gallia Christiana, Tome XIII, col. 393.

[150] Vita Sancti Deicoli 13, MGH SS XV.2, p. 678.

[151] Annales Xantenses, 864, MGH SS II, p. 231.

[152] Annales Xantenses, 864, MGH SS II, p. 231.

[153] Reginonis Chronicon, 869, MGH SS I, p. 581.

[154] Lot, F. ‘De quelques personnages du IX siècle qui ont porté le nom de Hilduin’, Le Moyen Âge (1903), p. 267.

[155] Guérard, M. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Bertin (Paris) (“Saint-Bertin”), XLI, p. 112.

[156] Saint-Bertin, LV, p. 123.

[157] Annales Metenses 736, MGH SS I, p. 326.

[158] Jaekel, H. (1895) Die Grafen von Mittelfriesland aus dem Geschlechte König Radbods (not yet consulted), cited in Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 287.

[159] Vita Sancti Ludgeri I.1, MGH SS II, p. 405.

[160] Vita Sancti Ludgeri I.2, MGH SS II, p. 405.

[161] Vita Sancti Ludgeri I.2, MGH SS II, p. 405.

[162] Vita Sancti Ludgeri I.5, MGH SS II, p. 406.

[163] Vita Sancti Ludgeri I.5, MGH SS II, p. 406.

[164] Vita Sancti Ludgeri I.5, MGH SS II, p. 406.

[165] Vita Sancti Ludgeri I.6, MGH SS II, p. 406.

[166] Vita Sancti Ludgeri II.7, MGH SS II, p. 414.

[167] Annales Bertiniani II 852.

[168] Annales Fuldensium Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 850, MGH SS I, p. 366.

[169] Annales Bertiniani II 855.

[170] Annales Fuldensium Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 882, MGH SS I, p. 396.

[171] Annales Vedastini 882, MGH SS I, p. 520.

[172] Reginonis Chronicon 885, MGH SS I, p. 595.

[173] Annales Vedastini 885, MGH SS I, p. 522.

[174] Reginonis Chronicon 881, MGH SS I, p. 591.

[175] Reginonis Chronicon 885, MGH SS I, p. 595.

[176] Reginonis Chronicon 885, MGH SS I, p. 595.

[177] Reginonis Chronicon 898, MGH SS I, p. 608.

[178] Reginonis Chronicon 898, MGH SS I, p. 608.

[179] Karoli III et Heinrici I pactum ad Bonnam castrum, MGH LL 1, p. 567.

[180] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 287, citing Jaekel, H. (1895) Die Grafen von Mittelfriesland as dem Geschlechte König Radbods (not yet consulted).

[181] Droinke (ed.) (1844) Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses, Codex Eberhardi, Chapter 7, pp. 42-51, transcribed at <http://www.keesn.nl/sources/en_start.htm> (15 Sep 2006).

[182] RHGF VI, p. 626 (which does not include the full text of the charter, but refers to Schatenum Lib. 2 Annal. Paderborn, p. 118).

[183] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 287, citing Jaekel, H. (1895) Die Grafen von Mittelfriesland as dem Geschlechte König Radbods (not yet consulted).

[184] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 287, citing Jaekel, H. (1895) Die Grafen von Mittelfriesland as dem Geschlechte König Radbods (not yet consulted).

[185] Karoli II Conventus Carisiaensis acta, MGH LL 1, p. 450.

[186] Adnuntatio domni Karoli, MGH LL 1, p. 469.

[187] Willelmi Gemmetensis monachi Historiæ Normannorum, Du Chesne, A. (1619) Historiæ Normannorum Scriptores Antiqui (Paris) (“Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619)”), Liber II, VIII, p. 226.

[188] Reginonis Chronicon 885, MGH SS I, p. 595.

[189] Annales Vedastini 885, MGH SS I, p. 522.

[190] D Arn 57, p. 81.

[191] Kees Nieuwenhuijsen, in a private email to the author dated 3 Oct 2006.

[192] Reginonis Chronicon 892, MGH SS I, p. 604.

[193] D O I 58, p. 140, and Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 32, p. 55.

[194] Reginonis Chronicon 898, MGH SS I, p. 608.

[195] D K I 24, p. 23.

[196] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 159, p. 222.

[197] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 169, p. 233.

[198] D O I 124, p. 206.

[199] D O I 164, p. 245.

[200] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.8, MGH SS IV, p. 704.

[201] D O I 58, p. 140, and Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 32, p. 55.

[202] Kees Nieuwenhuijsen, in a private email to the author dated 3 Oct 2006.

[203] D O I 124, p. 206.

[204] D O I 124, p. 206, and OSU 118, p. 118.

[205] D O I 164, p. 245.

[206] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 28a, p. 55.

[207] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 28, p. 49.

[208] Reginonis Chronicon 885, MGH SS I, p. 595.

[209] D O I 324, p. 438.

[210] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 28a, p. 55.

[211] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 28, p. 49.

[212] Annales Egmundani 867, MGH SS XVI, p. 445.

[213] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 41, p. 73.

[214] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 88, p. 181, Latin text and English translation available at <http://www.keesn.nl/sources/en_start.htm> (31 Aug 2006).

[215] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 159, p. 222.

[216] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 169, p. 233.

[217] Flodoardi Annales 939, MGH SS III, p. 386.

[218] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 25, p. 19.

[219] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 30, 31, 33 and 35, pp. 52, 53, 57 and 61.

[220] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 105.

[221] Annales Egmundani, MGH SS XVI, p. 444.

[222] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 28a, p. 55.

[223] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 25, p. 19.

[224] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 88, p. 181, Latin text and English translation available at <http://www.keesn.nl/sources/en_start.htm> (31 Aug 2006).

[225] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 105.

[226] Annales Egmundani 985, MGH SS XVI, p. 443.

[227] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 28a, p. 55.

[228] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 25, p. 19.

[229] Fayen, A. (1906) Cartulaire de la ville de Gand, Chartes et documents T. I, Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis (Gand) ("Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis"), 65, p. 68.

[230] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 36-41, pp. 63-77.

[231] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 69, p. 75.

[232] Nicholas, D. (1992) Medieval Flanders (Longman), p. 43.

[233] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 41, p. 73.

[234] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 74, p. 78.

[235] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 77, p. 80.

[236] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 83, p. 84.

[237] Lokeren, A. van (1868) Chartes et documents de l´abbaye de Saint Pierre au Mont Blandin à Gand (Gand) ("Gand Saint-Pierre") 36, p. 39.

[238] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 80, p. 81.

[239] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 87, p. 86.

[240] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 255, p. 311.

[241] D O III 19, p. 417.

[242] Kees Nieuwenhuijsen, in a private email to the author dated 3 Oct 2006.

[243] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 96, p. 92.

[244] Annales Egmundani 988, MGH SS XVI, p. 444.

[245] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 36, p. 69.

[246] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 106.

[247] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 45, p. 84.

[248] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 43, p. 80.

[249] Annales Egmundani, MGH SS XVI, p. 444.

[250] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 88, p. 181, Latin text and English translation available at <http://www.keesn.nl/sources/en_start.htm> (31 Aug 2006).

[251] Rösch, S. (1977) Caroli Magni Progenies (Verlag Degener & Co, Neustadt an der Aisch), p. 138.

[252] Boer, D. E. H. de and Cordfunke, E. H. P. (1995) Graven van Holland (Walburg Pers, Zutphen), reference provided by Kees Nieuwenhuijsen in a private email to the author dated 3 Oct 2006.

[253] Autenrieth, J. (ed.) (1979) Das Verbrüderungsbuch der Abtei Reichenau (MGH, Hannover), consulted at <http://www.dmgh.de/> (10 Oct 2006).

[254] ES II 5.

[255] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 33a, p. 61.

[256] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 83, p. 84.

[257] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 87, p. 86.

[258] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 36, p. 69.

[259] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 106.

[260] ES II 5.

[261] Annales Egmundani 988, MGH SS XVI, p. 444.

[262] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 33a, p. 61.

[263] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 38, p. 65.

[264] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 80, p. 81.

[265] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 87, p. 86.

[266] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 43, p. 80.

[267] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 45, p. 84.

[268] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 90, p. 89.

[269] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 96, p. 92.

[270] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 60, p. 111.

[271] Melis Stoke Rijmkroniek.

[272] Kees Nieuwenhuijsen, in a private email to the author dated 3 Oct 2006.

[273] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 38b, p. 71.

[274] Annales Egmundani 980, MGH SS XVI, p. 445.

[275] Warner, D. A. (trans.) The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (2001) (Manchester University Press), 6.19, p. 250.

[276] Necrologium Genealogicum Ranshofense, Passau Necrologies I, p. 424.

[277] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 37, p. 71.

[278] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 102, p. 97.

[279] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 38b, p. 73.

[280] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 106.

[281] Vitæ Heinrici et Cunegundis Imperatores Preface, MGH SS IV, p. 791.

[282] Annales Egmundani 993, MGH SS XVI, p. 444.

[283] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 37, p. 71.

[284] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 88, p. 181, Latin text and English translation available at <http://www.keesn.nl/sources/en_start.htm> (31 Aug 2006).

[285] Oppermann, O. (ed.) (1933) Liber Sancti Adalberti (Fontes Egmundenses, Utrecht), information supplied by Kees Nieuwenhuijsen, in a private email to the author dated 31 Aug 2006.

[286] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 106.

[287] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 106.

[288] Oppermann, O. (ed.) (1933) Beke's Necrologium, information supplied by Kees Nieuwenhuijsen, in a private email to the author dated 31 Aug 2006.

[289] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 65.

[290] ES II 2.

[291] Prarond, E. (ed.) (1899) Chronicon Centulense ou Chronique de l'abbaye de Saint-Riquier, traduction d'Hariulfe par le Marquis Le Ver (Abbeville) ("Chronique de l'abbaye de Saint-Riquier"), IV.XII, p. 218.

[292] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 45, p. 84.

[293] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 33a, p. 61.

[294] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 87, p. 86.

[295] Vita et miraculis Sancti Adalberti Egmondani 19, MHG SS XV.2, p. 703.

[296] Gallia Christiana, Tome XIII, col. 400.

[297] Gesta Treverorum, 29, MGH SS VIII, p. 169.

[298] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 88, p. 181, Latin text and English translation available at <http://www.keesn.nl/sources/en_start.htm> (31 Aug 2006).

[299] Annales Egmundani 994, MGH SS XVI, p. 444.

[300] Gesta Treverorum, 29, MGH SS II, p. 171.

[301] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 33a, p. 61.

[302] Annales Egmundani 988, MGH SS XVI, p. 444.

[303] Vita et miraculis Sancti Adalberti Egmondani 20, MHG SS XV.2, p. 703.

[304] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 90, p. 89.

[305] Annales Egmundani 993, MGH SS XVI, p. 444.

[306] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 37, p. 71.

[307] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 102, p. 97.

[308] Nieuwenhuijsen, K. C. The Battle of Vlaardingen 1018, consulted at <http://www.keesn.nl/vlaard/> (10 Oct 2006).

[309] Thietmar 8.27, p. 380.

[310] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 197 and 202, MGH SS XI, pp. 152-3.

[311] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 107.

[312] Annales Egmundani, MGH SS XVI, p. 444.

[313] ES II 2.

[314] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 39a, p. 73.

[315] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 88, p. 181, Latin text and English translation available at <http://www.keesn.nl/sources/en_start.htm> (31 Aug 2006).

[316] Annales Egmundani 1044, MGH SS XVI, p. 447.

[317] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 43, p. 81.

[318] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 107.

[319] Annales Egmundani 1030, MGH SS XVI, p. 447.

[320] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 39a, p. 73.

[321] Annales Egmundani 1049, MGH SS XVI, p. 447.

[322] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 44b, pp. 83 and 85.

[323] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 107.

[324] Annales Egmundani 1049, MGH SS XVI, p. 447.

[325] Cordfunke, E. H. P. (2010) De Abdij van Egmond, p. 96 [communicated by Kees Nieuwenhuijsen in a private email to the author dated 12 May 2016].

[326] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 39a, p. 73.

[327] D H IV 116, p. 152.

[328] Annales Egmundani 1061, MGH SS XVI, p. 447.

[329] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 46, p. 87.

[330] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 107.

[331] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 45, p. 85.

[332] Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.

[333] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 88, p. 181, Latin text and English translation available at <http://www.keesn.nl/sources/en_start.htm> (31 Aug 2006).

[334] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 46, p. 87.

[335] Saint-Bertin II.92, p. 288.

[336] Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi descendentium Mettensis 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 384.

[337] Annales Egmundani 1063, MGH SS XVI, p. 447.

[338] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 321.

[339] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 107.

[340] Meestere, G. de (1852) Chronicon Monasterii Evershamensis (Bruges), Catalogus benefactorum præcipuorum nostræ ecclesiæ de Eversham, p. 68.

[341] Annales Egmundani 1076, MGH SS XVI, p. 448.

[342] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 45, p. 85.

[343] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 85, p. 163.

[344] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 86, p. 166.

[345] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 48b, p. 91.

[346] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 88, p. 181, Latin text and English translation available at <http://www.keesn.nl/sources/en_start.htm> (31 Aug 2006).

[347] Annales Egmundani 1076, MGH SS XVI, p. 448.

[348] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 48b, p. 93.

[349] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 107.

[350] Annales Egmundani, MGH SS XVI, p. 444.

[351] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 48b, p. 93.

[352] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 88, p. 181, Latin text and English translation available at <http://www.keesn.nl/sources/en_start.htm> (31 Aug 2006).

[353] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 48b, p. 93.

[354] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 108.

[355] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 48b, p. 93.

[356] Annales Egmundani 1091, MGH SS XVI, p. 448.

[357] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 48b, p. 93.

[358] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 45, p. 85.

[359] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 107.

[360] ES II 2.

[361] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 11, MGH SS IX, p. 390.

[362] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 45, p. 85.

[363] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 11, MGH SS IX, p. 391, additional manuscript quoted in footnote *.

[364] Nicholas (1992), p. 52.

[365] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Victor, p. 593.

[366] Duru, L. M. (1863) Bibliothèque historique de l’Yonne (Auxerre, Paris), Tome II, Chronicon Sancti-Petri-Vivi Senonensis auctore Clario, p. 512.

[367] Historia Comitum Ghisnensium 25, MGH SS XXIV, p. 573.

[368] Annalista Saxo 1056.

[369] ES II 2.

[370] Annalista Saxo 1056.

[371] Berlière, U. ‘Fragment d’un nécrologe de l’abbaye de Saint-Jacques à Liège’, Bulletin de la Commission Royale d’Histoire, Vol. XVC (Brussels, 1931), p. 231, quoted in Verdonk, H. ‘De Herkomst van de Heren van Herlaer’, De Brabantse Leeuw (2000), p. 138. [information provided by Ed von Gohren in a private email to the author dated 2 Dec 2011]

[372] Verdonk ‘De Herkomst van de Heren van Herlaer’, p. 138, citing Kahnsnitz (1992) Die Grunde von Lauch und Sayn, Fürstenbündnisse des 13. Jahrhunderts (Nürnberg), p. 90, and Bogler, T. (1983) Abdijkerk Maria-Laach (München), p. 3. [information provided by Ed von Gohren in a private email to the author dated 2 Dec 2011]

[373] Wouters, M. J. (1849) Notice historique sur l´ancienne abbaye d´Averboden (Gand), Annexes, Vita B. Andreæ primi abbatis Averbodiensis monasterii, XIII, p. 147.

[374] Klaversma, T. ´De geschlachten van Altena en Horne tot ca. 1300´, Publications de la Société Historique et Archéologique dans le duché de Limbourg (“PSAHL”), tome 114 (1978), p. 38 footnote 155 (information provided by Ed von Gohren in a private email to the author dated 27 Sep 2011).

[375] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 48b, p. 93.

[376] Annales Egmundani 1091, MGH SS XVI, p. 448.

[377] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 92, p. 189.

[378] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 98, p. 64.

[379] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 109, p. 71.

[380] Annales Egmundani 1121, MGH SS XVI, p. 451.

[381] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 51, p. 99.

[382] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 108.

[383] Annales Egmundani 1121, MGH SS XVI, p. 451.

[384] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 49a, p. 93.

[385] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 109, p. 71.

[386] Annales Magdeburgenses 1123 18, MGH SS XVI, p. 182.

[387] Annales Egmundani 1144, MGH SS XVI, p. 456.

[388] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 51, p. 99.

[389] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 108.

[390] Annales Egmundani 1121, MGH SS XVI, p. 451.

[391] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 49a, p. 93.

[392] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 108.

[393] Annales Egmundani 1138, MGH SS XVI, p. 455.

[394] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 133, p. 85.

[395] Annales Egmundani 1157, MGH SS XVI, p. 461.

[396] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 56, p. 117.

[397] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 52, p. 101.

[398] Annales Egmundani 1143, MGH SS XVI, p. 455.

[399] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 133, p. 85.

[400] Annales Egmundani 1173 and 1176, MGH SS XVI, p. 468.

[401] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 56, p. 117.

[402] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 109.

[403] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 52, p. 101.

[404] Annales Egmundani 1151, MGH SS XVI, p. 456.

[405] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 109.

[406] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 52, p. 101.

[407] Annales Egmundani 1157, MGH SS XVI, p. 461.

[408] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 52, p. 101.

[409] Annales Egmundani 1172, MGH SS XVI, p. 467.

[410] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 54b, p. 109.

[411] Jungio, J. H. (1774) (Hannover) Historiæ antiquísima comitatus Benthemiensis, Codex diplomatum et documentorum variorum pro Historia Benthemiensi ("Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi"), XI "Auctor incertus de rebus Ultrajectinis, editus seorsum ab Antonio Matthæo, s. VI, p. 5", p. 28.

[412] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XII, p. 34.

[413] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 52, p. 101.

[414] Annales Egmundani 1167, MGH SS XVI, p. 466.

[415] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, pp. 141 and 152.

[416] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[417] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 52, p. 101.

[418] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 155.

[419] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[420] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 52, p. 101.

[421] Annales Egmundani 1186, MGH SS XVI, p. 470.

[422] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 109.

[423] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XII, p. 34.

[424] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 52, p. 101.

[425] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 109.

[426] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 109.

[427] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 52, p. 101.

[428] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 109.

[429] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 109.

[430] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 143, p. 91.

[431] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 188, p. 115.

[432] Annales Egmundani 1121, MGH SS XVI, p. 451.

[433] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 49a, p. 93.

[434] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, 305, p. 200.

[435] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 53b, p. 103.

[436] Annalista Saxo 1133.

[437] Annales Egmundani 1134, MGH SS XVI, p. 453.

[438] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 108.

[439] Annales Egmundani 1121, MGH SS XVI, p. 451.

[440] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 49a, p. 93.

[441] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 108.

[442] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 49a, p. 93.

[443] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 108.

[444] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 52, p. 101.

[445] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 133, p. 85.

[446] Annales Egmundani 1157, MGH SS XVI, p. 461.

[447] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 143, p. 91.

[448] CP XI 140.

[449] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 58b, p. 131.

[450] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 109.

[451] Stevenson, J. (trans.) (1991) A Medieval Chronicle of Scotland: The Chronicle of Melrose (Llanerch Press reprint), 1162, p. 12.

[452] Annales Egmundani 1162, MGH SS XVI, p. 462.

[453] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 57a, p. 117.

[454] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 143, p. 91.

[455] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 177, p. 109.

[456] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 202, p. 122.

[457] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 58b, p. 131.

[458] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 109.

[459] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 57a, p. 117.

[460] Annales Egmundani 1186, MGH SS XVI, p. 470.

[461] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 177, p. 109.

[462] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XII, p. 34.

[463] Annales Egmundani 1203, MGH SS XVI, p. 473.

[464] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 61, p. 141.

[465] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[466] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 63a, p. 147.

[467] Annales Egmundani 1186, MGH SS XVI, p. 470.

[468] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 63b, p. 149.

[469] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 59a, p. 131.

[470] Annales Egmundani 1197, MGH SS XVI, p. 473.

[471] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 59a and 61, pp. 131 and 143.

[472] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 59a, p. 131.

[473] Annales Egmundani 1203, MGH SS XVI, p. 473.

[474] Gesta Episcopum Traiectensium 15, MGH SS XXIII, p. 408.

[475] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 61, p. 141.

[476] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 202, p. 122.

[477] Baur, L. (ed.) (1862) Hessische Urkunden, Band II (Darmstadt), 37, p. 49.

[478] Ernst, S. P. (1839) Histoire de Limbourg, Tome III (Liège), p. 365, quoting Villenfagne d´Ingihoul, H. N. de (1810) Mélange pour server à l´histoire civile, politique et littéraire du ci-devant pays de Liège, p. 459.

[479] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 63b and 63c, pp. 149 and 157.

[480] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 57a, p. 117.

[481] Gesta Episcopum Traiectensium 13, MGH SS XXIII, p. 407.

[482] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 57a, p. 117.

[483] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 177, p. 109.

[484] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 178, p. 110.

[485] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 63b, p. 149.

[486] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[487] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 178, p. 110.

[488] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[489] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 57a, p. 117.

[490] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 57a, p. 117.

[491] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 57a, p. 117.

[492] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[493] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 57a, p. 117.

[494] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 202, p. 122.

[495] ES I.2 183.

[496] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 17, I, p. 1.

[497] Riedel, A. F. (1867) Novus Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, Nameverzeichniß zu sämmtlichen Bänden (Berlin), Band I, p. 2.

[498] Krabbo, H. ´Die Markgrafen Otto I, Otto II, und Albrecht II von Brandenburg´, Forschungen zur brandenburgischen und preußischen Geschichte, Vol. 24 (1911), pp. 323-370, 345-6 [not yet consulted, information provided by Bert M. Kamp in a private email to the author dated 11 Jun 2011].

[499] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 477.

[500] Codex Brandenburgensis, Vierter Haupttheil - Band 1, Pulcawa´s Böhmischer Chronik, p. 7.

[501] Krabbo, H. (1910-11) Regesten der Markgrafen von Brandenburg aus askanischem Hause, Lieferung 1 & 2, nos. 512, 526 and 527 [not yet consulted, information provided by Bert M. Kamp in a private email to the author dated 23 Jun 2011].

[502] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 57a, p. 117.

[503] Annales Egmundani 1182, MGH SS XVI, p. 469.

[504] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 177, p. 109.

[505] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[506] ES II 2.

[507] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 57a, p. 117.

[508] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 177, p. 109.

[509] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 61, p. 141.

[510] Gesta Episcopum Traiectensium 13, MGH SS XXIII, p. 407.

[511] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 63b, p. 149.

[512] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 63b and 63c, pp. 149 and 157.

[513] Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1874) Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora (“MP”), Vol. III, 1217, p. 32.

[514] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 65b, p. 163.

[515] Annales Egmundani 1197, MGH SS XVI, p. 472.

[516] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 61, p. 141.

[517] Gesta Episcoporum Traiectensium, MGH SS XXIII, p. 408.

[518] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 65b, p. 163.

[519] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[520] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia II, 7, MGH SS X, p. 392.

[521] Chronicæ Regiæ Coloniensis Continuatio Prima 1214, MGH SS XXIV, p. 18.

[522] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.

[523] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 65b, p. 163.

[524] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 65b, p. 163.

[525] Oude Kronik van Brabant, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1855), deerde deel, Part 1, p. 64.

[526] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 61, p. 141.

[527] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 69b, p. 183.

[528] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[529] Oude Kronik van Brabant, p. 62.

[530] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.

[531] Butkens, C. (1724) Trophées tant sacrés que profanes du duché de Brabant (The Hague), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 64, "Extraicts des registres de Brabant".

[532] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 65b, p. 163.

[533] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 333, p. 187.

[534] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 409, p. 218.

[535] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 69b, p. 183.

[536] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 66a, p. 163.

[537] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.

[538] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 66a, p. 163.

[539] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.

[540] Annales Blandinienses 1256, MGH SS V, p. 31.

[541] Bayley, C. C. (1949) The Formation of the German College of Electors in the mid-Thirteenth Century (Toronto), p. 39.

[542] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 66a, p. 163.

[543] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.

[544] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 409, p. 218.

[545] Fremery, J. de (1901) Oorkondenboek van Holland en Zeeland, Supplement (The Hague) ("Oorkondenboek Holland (Supplement)"), 163, p. 111.

[546] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 78a, p. 255.

[547] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.

[548] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 66a, p. 163.

[549] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 409, p. 218.

[550] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 495, p. 265.

[551] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[552] Van Den Bergh, L. P. C. (1873) Oorkondenboek van Holland en Zeeland, Eerste afdeeling, tweede deel (Amsterdam) ("Oorkondenboek Holland (1873)"), 432, p. 192.

[553] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 72i, p. 215.

[554] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 61, p. 141.

[555] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, pp. 197 and 200.

[556] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 70i, p. 197.

[557] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 61, p. 141.

[558] Annales Stadenses 1238, MGH SS XVI, p. 363.

[559] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 353, p. 195.

[560] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 61, p. 141.

[561] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 61, p. 141.

[562] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 333, p. 187.

[563] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 528, p. 282.

[564] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[565] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.

[566] Bayley (1949), p. 22.

[567] Bayley (1949), p. 22.

[568] Bayley (1949), p. 23.

[569] MP, Vol. V, 1248, p. 26.

[570] Bayley (1949), pp. 35-6.

[571] Bayley (1949), p. 39.

[572] Bayley (1949), p. 40, cites Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Worms, Oppenheim, Speier, Hagenau and Colmar.

[573] Bayley (1949), pp. 40-1 and 43.

[574] Bayley (1949), p. 53.

[575] Annales Blandinienses 1255, MGH SS V, p. 31.

[576] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 72i, p. 215.

[577] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 70a, p. 185.

[578] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.

[579] Annales Erphordenses 1252, MGH SS XVI, p. 38.

[580] Bayley (1949), p. 35.

[581] Bayley (1949), p. 51.

[582] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 72i, p. 215.

[583] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[584] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 70a, p. 185.

[585] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.

[586] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 75c, pp. 237, 239 and 241.

[587] Iohannis de Thielrode Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ MGH SS IX, p. 335.

[588] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e, p. 227.

[589] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 75c, p. 241.

[590] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e, p. 227.

[591] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e, p. 227.

[592] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e, p. 227.

[593] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e, p. 227.

[594] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e, p. 227.

[595] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e, p. 227.

[596] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e, p. 227.

[597] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e, p. 227.

[598] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e, p. 227.

[599] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e, p. 227.

[600] Oorkondenboek Holland (1873), 424, p. 188.

[601] Oorkondenboek Holland (1873), 512, p. 226.

[602] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 77b, p. 253.

[603] Ghent, pp. 42-3.

[604] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 228.

[605] Oorkondenboek Holland (1873), 512, p. 226.

[606] Oorkondenboek Holland (1873), 581, p. 254.

[607] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e and 77b, pp. 229 and 253.

[608] Rymer, T. (1745) Fœdera, Conventiones, Literæ 3^rd Edn (London), Tome I, Pars IV, p. 17.

[609] Annales Londonienses, p. 129.

[610] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 74e and 77b, pp. 229 and 253.

[611] Dugdale Monasticon VI, Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire, II, Fundatorum progenies, p. 135.

[612] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Walden Abbey, Essex, I, Fundationis Historia, pp. 139 and 140.

[613] Mieris, F. Van (1754) Groot Charterboek der Graaven van Holland, van Zeeland en Heeren van Friesland, Tweede deel (Leiden), p. 133.

[614] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel, p. 270.

[615] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel, p. 437.

[616] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel, p. 437.

[617] ES III 293.

[618] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel, p. 19.

[619] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel (Leiden), p. 19, footnote (1), quoting Kerklyke Oudheden van ‘t Bisdom van Utrecht II. deel, p. 250 col. 2 [not found in Google Books].

[620] ES II 2.

[621] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 110.

[622] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel (Leiden), p. 35.

[623] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 78a, p. 255.

[624] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput XI, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 136.

[625] Oude Kronik van Brabant, p. 74.

[626] He called himself Ludwig IV as emperor, although he was in fact the fifth Emperor Ludwig.

[627] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 198.

[628] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 65, p. 30.

[629] Chronicon Laureshamense, MGH SS XXI, p. 370.

[630] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 209, citing Bondam, I, no. 5.

[631] Chronicon Laureshamense, MGH SS XXI, p. 370.

[632] MGH Poetæ Latini medii ævi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 295.

[633] D Zw 15, p. 44.

[634] MGH Poetæ Latini medii ævi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 295.

[635] MGH Poetæ Latini medii ævi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 295.

[636] Codex Laureshamensis (1768), Tome I, LXXV, p. 127.

[637] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 295.

[638] Thietmar 4.31, p. 174.

[639] ES I.2 200.

[640] MGH Poetæ Latini medii ævi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 295.

[641] Gesta Abbatum Gemblacensium 14, MGH SS VIII, p. 530.

[642] Gesta Abbatum Gemblacensium 32, MGH SS VIII, p. 537.

[643] Gesta Abbatum Gemblacensium 15, MGH SS VIII, p. 531.

[644] Sloet, L. A. J. W. (ed.) (1872) Ooorkondenboek der graafschappens Gelre en Zutfen, Eerste gedeelte (The Hague), p. 79.

[645] Sloet (1872), Vol. I, p. 79.

[646] Mantelius, J. (1717) Historiæ Lossensis (Liège), Lib. III, p. 34.

[647] Sloet (1872), Vol. I, p. 79.

[648] Gesta Abbatum Gemblacensium 14, MGH SS VIII, p. 530.

[649] Gesta Abbatum Gemblacensium 15, MGH SS VIII, p. 531.

[650] Annales Lobienses, MGH SS XIII, p. 234.

[651] Sigeberti Chronica 956, MGH SS VI, p. 349.

[652] Annales Stabulenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 43.

[653] Annales Lobienses, MGH SS XIII, p. 234.

[654] Rousseau, F. (ed.) (1936) Actes des Comtes de Namur de la Première Race 946-1196 (Brussels) ("Namur"), p. xxxvii.

[655] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia Pars I, 14, MGH SS X, p. 379.

[656] Piot, C. (1870) Cartulaire de l´abbaye de Saint-Trond, Tome I, p. 72 [not yet consulted], cited in Baerten, J. ‘Les origines des comtes de Looz et la formation territoriale du comté’, Revue belge de philologie et d´histoire, Tome 43, fasc. 2 (1965), p. 464.

[657] Bormans, E. & Schoolmeisters, E. (1933) Cartulaire de l´église Saint-Lambert de Liège (Brussels) ("Liège Saint-Lambert"), p. 150.

[658] MGH Poetæ Latini medii ævi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 295.

[659] Vanderkindere, L. ‘A propos d´une charte de Baldéric d’Utrecht’, Académie royale de Belgique (1900) Bulletin de la Classe des Lettres et des Sciences Morales et Politiques (Bruxelles), p. 46.

[660] Flodoard 936, MGH SS III, p. 383.

[661] Flodoard 948, MGH SS III, p. 396.

[662] Flodoard 948, MGH SS III, p. 398.

[663] MGH Poetæ Latini medii ævi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 295.

[664] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 35a, p. 67.

[665] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 51.

[666] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 35c, p. 69.

[667] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 295.

[668] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.1, MGH SS IV, p. 702. The date 1006 is in the margin of I.8, p. 704, another passage referring to his marriage.

[669] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 292.

[670] D H II 504, p. 645.

[671] D H III 152, p. 192.

[672] D H III 45, p. 55.

[673] ES I.2 200.

[674] Flodoardi Annales 926, MGH SS III, pp. 376-7.

[675] D O I 62, p. 143.

[676] D O I 181, p. 264.

[677] D O I 216, p. 298.

[678] D O I 422, p. 576.

[679] 'Obits mémorables tirés de nécrologes luxembourgeois, rémois et messins', Revue Mabillon VI (1910-1911), p. 268.

[680] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 134, MGH SS XI, p. 134, undated but other paragraphs suggest the range [1008/1017].

[681] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 138, p. 86.

[682] D H II 112, p. 137.

[683] D H II 186, p. 221.

[684] D H II 438, p. 560.

[685] Thioderici Aeditui Tuitiensis Opuscula, MGH SS XIV, p. 564.

[686] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 138, p. 86.

[687] Thietmar 7.53, p. 346.

[688] Spaen, W. A. van (1805) Oordeelkundige inleiding tot de Historie van Gelre, Vierde Deel (Utrecht) Codex diplomaticus, I, p. 1.

[689] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 2, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 10 quoting her death "8 Idus Aug" in necrologium Abdinhofense.

[690] Widukind I.III, c. 69, cited in Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 5, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 11.

[691] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.2 and 1.3, MGH SS IV, pp. 702 and 703, the latter passage with "18 May 997" added in the margin.

[692] D O III 235, p. 649.

[693] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.1, MGH SS IV, p. 701.

[694] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 138, p. 86.

[695] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 138, p. 86.

[696] Thietmar 7.47, p. 340.

[697] Spaen (1805) Codex diplomaticus, I, p. 1.

[698] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum II.5, MGH SS IV, p. 711.

[699] Thioderici Aeditui Tuitiensis Opuscula, MGH SS XIV, p. 564.

[700] D H II 504, p. 645.

[701] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 184.

[702] D O I 397, p. 539.

[703] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 65, p. 30.

[704] Reginonis Chronicon 898, MGH SS I, p. 608.

[705] Karoli III et Heinrici I pactum ad Bonnam castrum, MGH LL 1, p. 567.

[706] D H I 32, p. 67.

[707] D H I 33, p. 67.

[708] D H I 35, p. 69.

[709] Boer, D. E. H. de and Cordfunke, E. H. P. (1995) Graven van Holland (Walburg Pers, Zutphen), reference provided by Kees Nieuwenhuijsen in a private email to the author dated 3 Oct 2006.

[710] Autenrieth, J. (ed.) (1979) Das Verbrüderungsbuch der Abtei Reichenau (MGH, Hannover), consulted at <http://www.dmgh.de/> (10 Oct 2006).

[711] Vanderkindere I, p. 75, quoting Van Spaen Introduction à l'histoire de la Gueldre, I, p. 67, no. 20.

[712] Vanderkindere I, p. 75, quoting Van Spaen Introduction à l'histoire de la Gueldre, I, p. 67, no. 20.

[713] Widukind I.III, c. 69, cited in Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 5, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 11.

[714] Vanderkindere I, p. 75, quoting Van Spaen Introduction à l'histoire de la Gueldre, I, p. 67, no. 20.

[715] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 8, MGH SS XXV, p. 563.

[716] D O I 159, p. 240

[717] D O I 181, p. 264.

[718] D O I 216, p. 298.

[719] Gand Saint-Pierre 32, p. 35.

[720] D O I 358, p. 491.

[721] D O I 397, p. 539.

[722] D O II 202, p. 228.

[723] Boer, D. E. H. de and Cordfunke, E. H. P. (1995) Graven van Holland (Walburg Pers, Zutphen), reference provided by Kees Nieuwenhuijsen in a private email to the author dated 3 Oct 2006.

[724] Autenrieth, J. (ed.) (1979) Das Verbrüderungsbuch der Abtei Reichenau (MGH, Hannover), consulted at <http://www.dmgh.de/> (10 Oct 2006).

[725] Lokeren, A. van (1868) Chartes et documents de l´abbaye de Saint Pierre au Mont Blandin à Gand (Gand) ("Gand Saint-Pierre") 22, p. 28.

[726] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon, MGH SS XXV, p. 564.

[727] Gand Saint-Pierre 32, p. 35.

[728] Annales Blandinienses 962, MGH SS V, p. 25.

[729] D O II 67, p. 79.

[730] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.2, MGH SS IV, p. 702, and I.3, p. 703, the latter recording her death with the date "997" in the margin.

[731] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 2, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 10 quoting her death "8 Idus Aug" in necrologium Abdinhofense.

[732] Widukind I.III, c. 69, cited in Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 5, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 11.

[733] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.2 and 1.3, MGH SS IV, pp. 702 and 703, the latter passage with "18 May 997" added in the margin.

[734] D O III 235, p. 649.

[735] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.1, MGH SS IV, p. 701.

[736] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 138, p. 86.

[737] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 148, p. 91.

[738] Thietmar 7.47, p. 340.

[739] Spaen (1805) Codex diplomaticus, I, p. 1.

[740] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum II.5, MGH SS IV, p. 711.

[741] Thioderici Aeditui Tuitiensis Opuscula, MGH SS XIV, p. 564.

[742] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 134, MGH SS XI, p. 134, undated but other paragraphs suggest the range [1008/1017].

[743] D H II 112, p. 137.

[744] D H II 186, p. 221.

[745] D H II 438, p. 560.

[746] Thioderici Aeditui Tuitiensis Opuscula, MGH SS XIV, p. 564.

[747] Thietmar 7.53, p. 346.

[748] D K II 87, p. 118.

[749] D H III 196, p. 248.

[750] Chronicon Hugonis, monachi Virdunensis et Divionensis abbatis Flaviniacensis II.16, MGH SS VIII, p. 406.

[751] Aimond, C. 'Le nécrologe de la cathédrale de Verdun', Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für lothringische Geschichte und Altertumskunde Year 21 (second part) (1910), p. 209.

[752] Altfridi Vita S. Liudgeri 19, MGH SS II, p. 410.

[753] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 130, quoting "Bondam I, no. 54 and 59".

[754] Adami Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum I, 13, Schol. 4, MGH SS VII, p. 289.

[755] Van den Bergh, L. P. C. (1852) Handboek der Middel-Nederlandsche Geographie (Leiden), p. 129.

[756] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 131.

[757] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 132.

[758] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 134.

[759] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 292.

[760] D H IV 18, p. 22.

[761] Adami Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II, 8, MGH SS VII, p. 338.

[762] Adami Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II, 45, MGH SS VII, p. 353.

[763] Adami Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II, 48, MGH SS VII, p. 354.

[764] Adami Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II, 45, MGH SS VII, p. 353.

[765] Vanderkindere I, p. 75, quoting Van Spaen Introduction à l'histoire de la Gueldre, I, p. 67, no. 20.

[766] Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon 8, MGH SS XXV, p. 563.

[767] D O I 159, p. 240

[768] D O I 181, p. 264.

[769] D O I 216, p. 298.

[770] D O I 358, p. 491.

[771] D O I 397, p. 539.

[772] D O II 202, p. 228.

[773] D H III 43, p. 53.

[774] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 136.

[775] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 141.

[776] Jaekel, H. (1895) Die Grafen von Mittelfriesland as dem Geschlechte König Radbods (not yet consulted), cited in Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, pp. 286-7.

[777] Annales Metenses 736, MGH SS I, p. 326.

[778] Annales Xantenses 873, MGH SS II, p. 235.

[779] Annalium Fuldensium Pars Tertia 873, MGH SS I, p. 386.

[780] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 141.

[781] D O I 324, p. 438.

[782] Vita Mathildis Reginæ 2, MGH SS IV, p. 285.

[783] MGH Diplomata VI.2, D H IV 386, p. 511.

[784] Annales Xantenses 873, MGH SS II, p. 235.

[785] Annalium Fuldensium Pars Tertia 873, MGH SS I, p. 386.

[786] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 141.

[787] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 141.

[788] Karoli III et Heinrici I pactum ad Bonnam castrum, MGH LL 1, p. 567.

[789] Traditiones Fuldenses 37, pp. 67-8.

[790] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 141.

[791] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 200.

[792] D O I 124, p. 206.

[793] D O III 347, p. 776.

[794] D H IV 16, p. 20.

[795] ES I.2 201.

[796] ES I.2 200.

[797] Flodoardi Annales 926, MGH SS III, pp. 376-7.

[798] D O I 62, p. 143.

[799] D O I 181, p. 264.

[800] D O I 216, p. 298.

[801] D O I 422, p. 576.

[802] 'Obits mémorables tirés de nécrologes luxembourgeois, rémois et messins', Revue Mabillon VI (1910-1911), p. 268.

[803] Piper, P. (ed.) (Berlin) Libri confraternitatum Sancti Galli, Augiensis, Fabariensis (Berlin), p. 84.

[804] Vita Domni Deoderici Episcopi Maioris I, MGH SS IV, p. 464.

[805] 'Obits mémorables tirés de nécrologes luxembourgeois, rémois et messins', Revue Mabillon VI (1910-1911), p. 268.

[806] Vita Domni Deoderici Episcopi Maioris I, MGH SS IV, p. 464.

[807] Sigeberti Chronica 960, MGH SS VI, p. 350.

[808] D O II 308, p. 365.

[809] Thietmar 3.16, p. 140.

[810] Vita Domni Deoderici Episcopi Maioris I9, MGH SS IV, pp. 479-80.

[811] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.16, MGH SS IV, p. 708.

[812] Vita Domni Deoderici Episcopi Maioris I9, MGH SS IV, pp. 479-80.

[813] ES I.2 201.

[814] ES I.2 201.

[815] ES I.2 201.

[816] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.16, MGH SS IV, p. 708.

[817] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.8, MGH SS IV, p. 704.

[818] D O III 347, p. 776.

[819] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 86, p. 166.

[820] ES I.2 201.

[821] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 86, p. 166.

[822] Oorkondenboek Holland (1970) 86, p. 166.

[823] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 169, p. 105.

[824] ES I.2 201.

[825] Sloet (1872), 184, p. 182.

[826] Chronicon Affligemense 4, MGH SS IX, p. 408.

[827] Patrologia Latina, Vol. 180, col. 1209B.

[828] ES I.2 201.

[829] Kuiken, K. 'Na Unroch Godizo: het taaie leven van een falsum', Niederlandsche Leeuw (2004), pp. 238-56. (this reference has been supplied by Bert van Beek)

[830] ES VIII 35.

[831] Birth date range consistent with his having been brought up by Bruno, archbishop of Köln from 953 to 965.

[832] Ægidii Aurenvallenses, Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium II 40, MGH SS XXV, p. 51.

[833] Grote (1877), p. 496.

[834] Thietmar 4.31 and 4.32, pp. 174 and 175, footnote 103 stating that Ansfrid's father was a brother of Queen Mathilde but no corroboration of this has been found.

[835] D O III 14, p. 410.

[836] D O III 16, p. 413.

[837] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 65.

[838] Annales Colonienses 995, MGH SS I, p. 99.

[839] Thietmar 4.35, pp. 176-7.

[840] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 40, p. 75.

[841] Duaci (ed.) (1624) Vincentius Bellovacensis Speculum Historiale, lib. 24, cap. 157, quoted in Chronologia Johannes de Beke 40, p. 75.

[842] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I 16, MGH SS IV, p. 708.

[843] Beka's Egmondscii Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 106.

[844] ES VIII 35.

[845] ES VIII 35.

[846] Chibnall, M. (ed. and trans.) (1969) The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Clarendon Press), Vol. V, Book IX, p. 167, the editor in footnote 5 identifying him as Conan Comte de Montaigu. She is not listed among the children of Eustache III Comte de Boulogne & his wife Ida of Lotharingia given in Orderic Vitalis, Vol. V, Book IX, p. 175.

[847] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1106, MGH SS XXIII, p. 816.

[848] Miraeus (Le Mire), A. (1723) Opera diplomatica et historica, 2nd edn. (Louvain), Tome I, LXVII, p. 77.

[849] Sloet (1872), 218, p. 216.

[850] Sloet (1872), 249, p. 243.

[851] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 310, p. 205.

[852] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 53b, p. 105.

[853] Annalista Saxo 1136.

[854] Sloet (1872), 249, p. 243.

[855] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 305, p. 200.

[856] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 310, p. 205.

[857] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 53b, p. 105.

[858] Annalista Saxo 1136.

[859] Sloet (1872), 249, p. 243.

[860] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 305, p. 200.

[861] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 310, p. 205.

[862] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 343, p. 232.

[863] ES VIII 35.

[864] Annales Egmundani 1132, MGH SS XVI, p. 453.

[865] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 53b, p. 105.

[866] Sloet (1872), 218, p. 216.

[867] Borman, C. de (1877) Chronique de l’abbaye de Saint-Trond (Liège), Tome 1, Liber X, 17, pp. 156-7.

[868] Annales Egmundani 1132, MGH SS XVI, p. 453.

[869] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 53b, p. 105.

[870] Annales Egmundani 1132, MGH SS XVI, p. 453.

[871] Wouters (1848) Notice historique sur l’ancien comté impériale de Reckheim dans la province actuelle de Limbourg (Gand), pp. 12, 14.

[872] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 121.

[873] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 122.

[874] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 223.

[875] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 224.

[876] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 225.

[877] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 275.

[878] Annales Bertiniani Pars Secunda auctore Prudentio Trecensi Episcopo 837, MGH SS I, p. 430.

[879] Annales Fuldenses 837, MGH SS I, p. 361.

[880] Annales Bertiniani Pars Secunda auctore Prudentio Trecensi Episcopo 841, MGH SS I, p. 438.

[881] Annales Fuldenses 837, MGH SS I, p. 361.

[882] Thietmar 8.27, p. 380.

[883] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 288.

[884] Annalista Saxo 1038.

[885] D H III 279, p. 380.

[886] Thietmar 7.21, p. 320.

[887] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Mathilde, Reine de France inconnue', Journal des Savants (Oct-Dec 1971), p. 252.

[888] Annalista Saxo 1038.

[889] Annalista Saxo 1082.

[890] Annales Stadenses 1105, MGH SS XVI, p. 317.

[891] Mainz Urkunden 12th Century, 28, p. 31.

[892] Annalista Saxo 1101.

[893] Annales Corbeienses, Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum, Tome I, p. 41.

[894] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 52, p. 101.

[895] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 54b, p. 109.

[896] Annales Egmundani 1173, MGH SS XVI, p. 468.

[897] Gesta Episcopum Traiectensium 2, MGH SS XXIII, p. 402.

[898] Jungio, J. H. (1774) (Hannover) Historiæ antiquísima comitatus Benthemiensis, Codex diplomatum et documentorum variorum pro Historia Benthemiensi ("Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi"), XI "Auctor incertus de rebus Ultrajectinis, editus seorsum ab Antonio Matthæo, s. VI, p. 5", p. 28.

[899] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XII, p. 34.

[900] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 63b, p. 149.

[901] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 195, p. 119.

[902] Annales Egmundani 1172, MGH SS XVI, p. 467.

[903] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 221, p. 132.

[904] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 195, p. 119.

[905] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 221, p. 132.

[906] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 264, p. 153.

[907] Oorkondenboek Holland (1866), 279, p. 160.

[908] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XXV, p. 61.

[909] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XXV, p. 61.

[910] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XXV, p. 61.

[911] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XXXV, p. 74.

[912] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XXXVI, p. 75.

[913] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XXV, p. 61.

[914] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XXXVI, p. 75.

[915] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XL, p. 83.

[916] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XXXVI, p. 75.

[917] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XXXVI, p. 75.

[918] Niesert, J. (1834) Münstersche Urkundensammlung (Coesfeld), Band V, VIII, p. 24.

[919] Westfälisches Urkundenburch Band III (1871), 442, p. 238.

[920] Niesert (1834), Band V, XVII, p. 47.

[921] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XL, p. 83.

[922] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLI, p. 86.

[923] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLII, p. 89.

[924] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLVII, p. 97.

[925] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLVIII, p. 100.

[926] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLI, p. 86.

[927] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XL, p. 83.

[928] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLII, p. 89.

[929] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLVII, p. 97.

[930] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLI, p. 86.

[931] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLII, p. 89.

[932] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLVII, p. 97.

[933] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLI, p. 86.

[934] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLII, p. 89.

[935] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLVIII, p. 100.

[936] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLIX, p. 102.

[937] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, L, p. 103.

[938] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LI, p. 104.

[939] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LV, p. 110.

[940] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXII, p. 124.

[941] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel, p. 453.

[942] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXXIII, p. 149.

[943] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LV, p. 110.

[944] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXII, p. 124.

[945] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel, p. 453.

[946] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LV, p. 110.

[947] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXII, p. 124.

[948] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel, p. 453.

[949] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXXVII, p. 155.

[950] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXXVIII, p. 157.

[951] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXII, p. 124.

[952] Mieris (1754), Tweede deel, p. 453.

[953] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXXVIII, p. 157.

[954] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXII, p. 124.

[955] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXII, p. 124.

[956] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXII, p. 124.

[957] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXII, p. 124.

[958] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXXVIII, p. 157.

[959] Sauerland, H. V. (1905) Urkunden und Regesten zur Geschichte der Rheinlande aus dem vatikanischen Archiv (Bonn) (“Rheinlande Vatikanischen”), Band III, 633, p. 251.

[960] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXXVIII, p. 157.

[961] Rheinlande Vatikanischen, Band III, 633, p. 251.

[962] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XCIX, p. 202.

[963] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLI, p. 86.

[964] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLII, p. 89.

[965] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLVIII, p. 100.

[966] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LI, p. 104.

[967] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXXIII, p. 149.

[968] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLII, p. 89.

[969] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXXXIV, p. 164.

[970] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, XLII, p. 89.

[971] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LI, p. 104.

[972] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LI, p. 104.

[973] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXII, p. 124.

[974] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXI, p. 121.

[975] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXI, p. 121.

[976] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXXXI, p. 161.

[977] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LI, p. 104.

[978] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, LXII, p. 124.

[979] Fahne, A. (1866) Geschichte der Grafen jetzigen Fürsten zu Salm-Reifferscheid (Köln), Band I, p. 98.

[980] Fahne (1866), Band I, p. 101.

[981] Codex diplomatum Benthemiensi, CXLIII, p. 295.

[982] <http://typo.j-cleven.de/index.php/grafschaft.html?PHPSESSID=f64ede253e9b29a0e11d941656019254>, <https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opper-Gelre#Neder-Gelre>, and <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herzogtum_Geldern> (31 Oct 2016). I am grateful to Bert M. Kamp for drawing my attention to these sites.

[983] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 55a, p. 113.

[984] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andaginensis 42 (54), MGH SS VIII, p. 591.

[985] Rodulfi Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium III, MGH SS X, p. 241.

[986] Köln Quellen, Band I, 40, p. 502.

[987] D H IV 394, p. 521.

[988] Miraeus (Le Mire), A. (1723), Tome I, LXVII, p. 77.

[989] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 263, p. 170.

[990] Köln St Severin, 5, p. 8.

[991] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 274, p. 177.

[992] Spaen, W. A. van (1805) Oordeelkundige inleiding tot de Historie van Gelre, Vierde Deel (Utrecht) Codex diplomaticus, IV, p. 6.

[993] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 286, p. 187.

[994] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 288, p. 188.

[995] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 289, p. 189.

[996] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 307, p. 203.

[997] Sloet (1872), 261, p. 255.

[998] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch 465b, p. 524.

[999] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Contribution à l'histoire de l'attitude des royaumes pirénéens dans la querelle des investitures: de l'origine de Berthe, reine d'Aragon et de Navarre', Estudios Genealógicos, Heráldicos y Nobiliarios, en honor de Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent (Hidalguía, Madrid, 1978), Vol. 2, p. 386 footnote 40.

[1000] Wyss, A. (ed.) (1899) Hessisches Urkundenbuch, Abtheilung I, Band III (Leipzig), Abhandlung über die Schiffenberger Stiftungsurkunden und Fälschungen, pp. 411-98.

[1001] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, pp. 505 and 506.

[1002] Annales Rodenses, p. 63.

[1003] Ernst (1847), Tome VI, LIV, p. 142.

[1004] Ernst (1839), Tome III, p. 49.

[1005] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, pp. 505 and 506.

[1006] Herimanni, Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis 33, MGH SS XIV, p. 287.

[1007] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1168, MGH SS XXIII, p. 852.

[1008] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 507.

[1009] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 274, p. 177.

[1010] Spaen (1805) Codex diplomaticus, IV, p. 6.

[1011] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 288, p. 188.

[1012] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 307, p. 203.

[1013] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1860), vijfde deel, p. 109.

[1014] Sloet (1872), 261, p. 255.

[1015] Lindeborn, J. (1670) Historia sive notitia episcopatus Daventriensis (Metelen), p. 535.

[1016] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 109.

[1017] Annales Stadenses 1168, MGH SS XVI, p. 346.

[1018] Oldenburgisches Urkundenbuch (1926), Band II, 25, p. 13.

[1019] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 109.

[1020] Lindeborn, J. (1670) Historia sive notitia episcopatus Daventriensis (Metelen), p. 535.

[1021] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 343, p. 232.

[1022] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 463, p. 326.

[1023] Vita Lodewici comitis de Arnstein, Fontes rerum Germanicarum III, p. 327.

[1024] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 463, p. 326.

[1025] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, pp. 109-10.

[1026] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, pp. 515-16.

[1027] Annales Egmundani 1181, MGH SS XVI, p. 469.

[1028] Willelmi Chronica Andrensis 202, MGH SS XXIV, p. 758.

[1029] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 109.

[1030] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 513, p. 360.

[1031] Sloet (1872), 404, p. 413.

[1032] Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavariæ et Agnetis Ducissæ, MGH SS XVII, p. 376.

[1033] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 110.

[1034] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 365, p. 193.

[1035] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 513, p. 360.

[1036] Sloet (1872), 404, p. 413.

[1037] Sloet (1872), 421, p. 428.

[1038] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 110.

[1039] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 59a, p. 131.

[1040] Annales Egmundani 1197, MGH SS XVI, p. 473.

[1041] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 59a and 61, pp. 131 and 143.

[1042] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 110.

[1043] Annales Egmundani 1197, MGH SS XVI, p. 472.

[1044] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 61, p. 141.

[1045] Gesta Episcoporum Traiectensium, MGH SS XXIII, p. 408.

[1046] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 65b, p. 163.

[1047] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 110.

[1048] Sloet (1872), 404, p. 413.

[1049] Sloet (1872), 421, p. 428.

[1050] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 64, p. 159.

[1051] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 162.

[1052] Sloet (1872), 404, p. 413.

[1053] Sloet (1872), 421, p. 428.

[1054] Chronica Comitum de Marka, p. 34.

[1055] Westfälisches Urkundenburch, Band VII (1908), 270, p. 114.

[1056] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 152, p. 81.

[1057] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band IV, 658, p. 799.

[1058] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 271, p. 141.

[1059] Menzel, K. & Sauer, W. (eds.) (1885) Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus, Band I, Part 1 (Wiesbaden), 377, p. 265.

[1060] Herquet, K. (ed.) (1883) Urkundenbuch des Prämonstratenserklosters Arnstein an der Lahn (Wiesbaden) ("Arnstein an der Lahn"), 19, p. 22.

[1061] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 294, p. 153.

[1062] Arnstein an der Lahn, 22, p. 24.

[1063] Becker, W. (ed.) (1881) Das Necrologium der vormaligen Prämonstratenser-Abtei Arnstein an der Lahn, Annalen des Vereins Nassauische Alterthumskunde und Geschichtsforschung, Band XVI (Wiesbaden) ("Arnstein an der Lahn Necrologium"), p. 186.

[1064] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1193, MGH SS XXIII, p. 870.

[1065] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1216, MGH SS XXIII, p. 904.

[1066] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 518.

[1067] Gade (1951), p. 64.

[1068] Gade (1951), p. 65-6.

[1069] Barbier, J. (ed.) (1876) Nécrologe de l’abbaye de Floreffe (Louvain) ("Floreffe Nécrologe"), p. 26.

[1070] Lang, C. H. (1822) Regesta Boicarum (Munich), Vol. I, p. 347.

[1071] Kurth, G. (ed.) (1903) Chartes de l’abbaye de Saint-Hubert en Ardenne (Brussels) ("Ardenne Saint-Hubert"), Tome I, CXXIV, p. 160.

[1072] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1216, MGH SS XXIII, p. 904.

[1073] Sloet (1872), 404, p. 413.

[1074] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 110.

[1075] Sloet (1872), 404, p. 413.

[1076] Sloet (1872), 421, p. 428.

[1077] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 66c, p. 169.

[1078] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 116.

[1079] Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.

[1080] Oude Kronik van Brabant, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1855), deerde deel, Part 1, p. 62.

[1081] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 111.

[1082] Sloet (1872), 414, p. 422.

[1083] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 111.

[1084] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 188.

[1085] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 184.

[1086] Butkens, C. (1724) Trophées tant sacrés que profanes du duché de Brabant (The Hague), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 82, "Lettre tirée des chartes de Brabant".

[1087] Doorninck, P. N. van & Veen, J. S. va, (eds.) (1908) Acten betreffende Gelre en Zutphen 1107-1415 (Haarlem), p. 398.

[1088] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 184.

[1089] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 184.

[1090] Du Chesne, A. (1631) Preuves de l’Histoire des maisons de Guines, d’Ardres, Gand et Coucy (Paris) (“Du Chesne (1631), Guines, Preuves”), p. 373.

[1091] Prarond, E. (ed.) (1897) Le cartulaire du comté de Ponthieu, Mémoires de la société d'émulation d'Abbeville, Tome II (Abbeville) ("Ponthieu") CCXV, p. 280.

[1092] Doorninck & Veen (1908), p. 401.

[1093] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 556, p. 324.

[1094] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 846, p. 501.

[1095] Du Chesne (1631), Guines, Preuves, p. 382.

[1096] Du Chesne (1631), Guines, Preuves, p. 379.

[1097] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 184.

[1098] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 674, p. 394.

[1099] Ernst (1847), Tome VI, CCCXXVI, 99, p. 452.

[1100] Ernst (1847), Tome VI, XLII, p. 44.

[1101] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 487, p. 272.

[1102] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 184.

[1103] Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series, [eerste deel], Part 1, 2, p. 2.

[1104] Nijhoff, I. A. (1830) Gedenkwaardigheden uit de Geschiedenis van Gelderland (Arnhem), Eeerste Deel, ("Nijhoff (1830), I"), 33, p. 38.

[1105] Nijhoff (1830), I, 64, p. 68.

[1106] Nijhoff (1830), I, 85, p. 91.

[1107] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 111.

[1108] Aegidii Aurævallensis Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium, Liber III, 107, MGH SS XXV, p. 129.

[1109] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 390, p. 208.

[1110] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 79, "Lettre tirée des chartes de Brabant".

[1111] Bert M. Kamp, in a private email to the author dated 5 Nov 2010.

[1112] Doorninck & Veen (1908), p. 398.

[1113] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 500, p. 282.

[1114] Kremer (1781), Band III, CXV, p. 135.

[1115] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 730, p. 429.

[1116] Kremer (1781), Band III, CLIII, p. 175.

[1117] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 827, p. 490.

[1118] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 835, p. 495.

[1119] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 184.

[1120] Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1852), [eerste deel], Part 1, 1, p. 1.

[1121] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 738, p. 435.

[1122] Doorninck & Veen (1908), p. 3.

[1123] Doorninck & Veen (1908), p. 401.

[1124] Doorninck & Veen (1908), p. 13.

[1125] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 190.

[1126] Oude Kronik van Brabant, p. 69.

[1127] Gade (1951), p. 105.

[1128] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 738, p. 435.

[1129] Ernst (1847), Tome VI, CCXLV, p. 305.

[1130] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 188.

[1131] Skene, F. J. H. (ed.) (1877) Liber Pluscardensis, Historians of Scotland Vol. VII (Edinburgh) Vol. I, Liber VII, CXXX, p. 108.

[1132] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, pp. 188 and 190.

[1133] Ernst (1847), Tome VI, CCLXIX, p. 331.

[1134] Rheinlande Vatikanischen, Band II, 1309, p. 85.

[1135] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 190.

[1136] Nijhoff (1830), I, 201, p. 201.

[1137] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 188.

[1138] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 188.

[1139] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 188.

[1140] Nijhoff (1830), I, 183, p. 188.

[1141] Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series, [eerste deel], Part 1, 14, p. 19.

[1142] Rheinlande Vatikanischen, Band II, 1310, p. 85.

[1143] Rheinlande Vatikanischen, Band I, 76, p. 39.

[1144] Rheinlande Vatikanischen, Band I, 471, p. 224.

[1145] Nijhoff (1830), I, 183, p. 188.

[1146] Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series, [eerste deel], Part 1, 14, p. 19.

[1147] Rheinlande Vatikanischen, Band II, 1311, p. 86.

[1148] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 188.

[1149] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 188.

[1150] Nijhoff (1830), I, 168, p. 168.

[1151] Nijhoff (1830), I, 183, p. 188.

[1152] Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series, [eerste deel], Part 1, 14, p. 19.

[1153] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 271, p. 219.

[1154] Nijhoff (1830), I, 301, p. 338.

[1155] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 333, p. 265.

[1156] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 197.

[1157] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 191.

[1158] Rheinlande Vatikanischen, Band I, 338, p. 160.

[1159] Nijhoff (1830), I, 183, p. 188.

[1160] Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series, [eerste deel], Part 1, 15, p. 21.

[1161] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 192.

[1162] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 192.

[1163] Luce, S. (ed.) (1869) Chroniques de J. Froissart (Paris) ("Froissart"), Tome I, Livre 1, 2, p. 10.

[1164] Nijhoff (1830), I, 252, pp. 263-72.

[1165] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 197.

[1166] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 191.

[1167] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 165, "Lettre tirée des Archives du Duché de Gueldres".

[1168] Nijhoff (1830), I, 268, p. 300.

[1169] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 165, "Extraict des Recueils de feu le S. Martin Roelants, jadis Commun-maistre de la ville de Malines".

[1170] Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series, [eerste deel], Part 1, 25, p. 59.

[1171] Kremer, C. J. (1769) Academische Beiträge zur Jülch- und Bergischen Geschichte, Band I Urkunden zur Geschichte der Herren von Heinsberg (Mannheim) ("Kremer (1769) Band I, Urkunden Heinsberg"), XXII, p. 33.

[1172] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 372, p. 295.

[1173] Baerten, J. (1969) Het graafschap Loon (11de-14de eeuw) (Assen) [available at <https://www.shclimburg.nl/sites/shclimburg.nl/files/maaslandse-monografieen/MM%2009%20def.pdf> (21 Jul 2022), p. 104, citing Rijksarchief van Gelre, Arnhem, Fonds van Mechteld, 4 Feb 1343. Link provided by Andrew Lancaster by email 20 Jul 2022.

[1174] Rheinlande Vatikanischen, Band III, 829, p. 326.

[1175] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 590, p. 494.

[1176] Doorninck & Veen (1908), p. 143.

[1177] Chronica Comitum de Marka, Fortsetzung, p. 106.

[1178] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 191.

[1179] Chronica Comitum de Marka, Fortsetzung, p. 106.

[1180] Nijhoff (1830), I, 301, p. 338.

[1181] Rheinlande Vatikanischen, Band II, 1403, p. 122.

[1182] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, pp. 191-2.

[1183] Oude Kronik van Brabant, p. 84.

[1184] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 195.

[1185] Froissart, Tome I, Livre 1, 2, p. 10.

[1186] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, p. 318.

[1187] Oude Kronik van Brabant, p. 72.

[1188] Sweerts, F. (1620) Rerum Belgicarum Annales Chronici et Historici (Frankfurt), Tome I, Ægidii de Roya Annales Belgici, 1347, p. 61.

[1189] Foppens, J. F. (1734) Diplomatum Belgicorum nova collectio, sive supplementum ad opera diplomatica Auberti Miræi (Brussels), Tome III, Pars II, CLIV, p. 437.

[1190] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, pp. 312 and 318.

[1191] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, pp. 195 and 313.

[1192] Froissart, Tome I, Livre 1, 2, p. 10.

[1193] Oude Kronik van Brabant, p. 84.

[1194] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, pp. 317-8.

[1195] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 306, p. 248.

[1196] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 306, p. 248.

[1197] Kamp, B. M. ‘Nogmaals hertog Willem van Gulik’, Nederlandsche Leeuw (2003), cols. 355-364, p. 140 (information supplied 5 Nov 2010 by Bert M. Kamp in a private email to the author).

[1198] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, pp. 191-2.

[1199] Oude Kronik van Brabant, p. 84.

[1200] Oude Kronik van Brabant, p. 80.

[1201] Foppens, J. F. (1748) Diplomatum Belgicorum nova collectio, sive supplementum ad opera diplomatica Auberti Miræi (Brussels), Tome IV, Pars II, CXXVII, p. 282.

[1202] Robillard de Beaurepaire, C. de (1870) Chronique normande de Pierre Cochon (Rouen), Chap. XIII, p. 210.

[1203] Dithmar, J. C. (1721) Wernheri Teschenmacheri ab Elverfeldt Annales Cliviæ, Juliæ, Montium, Marcæ, Westphalicæ, Ravensbergæ, Geldriæ et Zutphaniæ (Frankfurt, Leipzig), p. 288.

[1204] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band IV, 151, p. 169.

[1205] ES III.2 290.

[1206] Kerrebrouck (Bourbon), pp. 148-55, citing Scévole and Louis de Saincte-Marthe, Histoire généalogique de la maison de France (Paris, 1628), tome 2, p. 251.

[1207] Béthune, Baron (1900) Epitaphes et mounments des églises de la Flandre au XVIe siècle (Bruges), p. 112.

[1208] ES XVIII 31-32.

[1209] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, p. 657.

[1210] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 249, p. 161.

[1211] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 263, p. 170.

[1212] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 250, p. 161.

[1213] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 263, p. 170.

[1214] Köln St Severin, 5, p. 8.

[1215] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 361, p. 248.

[1216] Sloet (1872), 306, p. 299.

[1217] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 361, p. 248.

[1218] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 361, p. 248.

[1219] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 304, p. 200.

[1220] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 414, p. 285.

[1221] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 414, p. 285.

[1222] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 509, p. 357.

[1223] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 530, p. 370.

[1224] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 314, p. 163.

[1225] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 314, p. 163.

[1226] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 314, p. 163.

[1227] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 414, p. 285.

[1228] Chronica Comitum de Marka, p. 35.

[1229] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 59, p. 32.

[1230] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 57, p. 31.

[1231] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, p. 225, citing Cæsarius Rym-Cronique (no precise citation reference).

[1232] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 262, p. 135.

[1233] Westfälisches Urkundenburch Band III (1871), 429, p. 230.

[1234] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 375, p. 198.

[1235] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 441, p. 239.

[1236] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 59, p. 32.

[1237] Kremer (1776), Band II, XL, p. 254.

[1238] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 262, p. 135.

[1239] Westfälisches Urkundenburch Band III (1871), 429, p. 230.

[1240] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 524, p. 295.

[1241] Fahne, A. (1858) Geschichte der Grafen jetzigen Fürsten zu Salm-Reifferscheid (Köln), Band II, 55, p. 33.

[1242] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 730, p. 429.

[1243] Fahne (1858), Band II, footnote 2, pp. 55-6.

[1244] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 524, p. 295.

[1245] Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 126.

[1246] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 59, p. 32.

[1247] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 1052, p. 619.

[1248] Quadflieg, E. (1958) Genealogische Forschungen zur Reichs- und Territorialgeschichte, Heft 2 (Aachen), p. 30. Information sent by Bert M. Kamp by email 17 Feb 2023.

[1249] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 87, p. 64.

[1250] Fahne (1858), Band II, 474, p. 341.

[1251] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 211, p. 179.

[1252] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 244, p. 199.

[1253] Bosbach ‘Das älteste Burtscheider Nekrologium’ (1898), p. 129.

[1254] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band II, 1052, p. 619.

[1255] Fahne (1858), Band II, 474, p. 341.

[1256] Oidtman, E, von ‘Die Burg zu Stolberg und ihre Besitzer, insbesondere die Edelherren von Stolberg-Frenz-Setterich’, Zeitschrift des Aachener Geschichtsvereins, Band XV (Aachen, 1893), p. 6, citing “Staatsarchiv zu Düsseldorf A 1, Nr. 353”.

[1257] Fahne (1866), Band I, Abtheilung II, p. 77, and Fahne (1858), Band II, 474, p. 341.

[1258] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 244, p. 199.

[1259] Fahne (1866), Band I, Abtheilung II, p. 77.

[1260] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 286, p. 235.

[1261] Frick, H. (1933) Quellen zur Geschichte von Bad Neuenahr, 830, p. 177.

[1262] Frick (1933) Neuenahr, 830, p. 177.

[1263] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band IV, 680, p. 814.

[1264] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band IV, 680, p. 814.

[1265] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 247, p. 201.

[1266] Fahne (1866), Band I, Abtheilung I, p. 27.

[1267] Vanderkindere, Vol. 2, p. 316.

[1268] Brunwilarensis Monasterii Fundatio 6, MGH SS XI, p. 398.

[1269] Lindeborn, J. (1670) Historia sive notitia episcopatus Daventriensis (Metelen), p. 537.

[1270] Brunwilarensis Monasterii Fundatio 6, MGH SS XI, p. 398.

[1271] Vanderkindere (1902), Vol. II, p. 166.

[1272] Bergrath ‘Die h. Irmgardis und der Salhof Bugeham’, Annalen des historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein, Tome 2 (1857), p. 253.

[1273] D H III, 74, p. 98.

[1274] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), p. 15.

[1275] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 324, p. 377.

[1276] Vanderkindere (1902), Vol. II, pp. 40, 168.

[1277] Kupper ‘Ermengarde’ (2013), p. 7, citing Boeren, P. C. (1938) De oorsprong van Limburg en Gelre en enkele naburige heerschappijen (Maastricht-Vroenhoven), pp. 36, 65, 101-3, 106-7 and other secondary sources.

[1278] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 222, p. 144.

[1279] Steiermark Urkundenbuch, Band I, 77, p. 85.

[1280] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 228, p. 147.

[1281] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 242, p. 155, also quoted in Vanderkindere (1902), Vol. II, pp. 169-70.

[1282] Bergrath ‘Die h. Irmgardis’ (1857), p. 257.

[1283] Annalen des historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein, VIII (Köln, 1860), Necrologium Sigebergense, p. 223.

[1284] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 202, p. 129.

[1285] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 203, p. 130.

[1286] D H IV 471, p. 639.

[1287] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 324, p. 377.

[1288] D K II 232, p. 316.

[1289] D H III 286, p. 388.

[1290] Van den Bergh (1852), p. 177.

[1291] Lindeborn (1670), p. 537.

[1292] Lindeborn (1670), p. 537.

[1293] Lindeborn (1670), p. 537.

[1294] Kremer, C. J. (1776) Academische Beiträge zur Jülch- und Bergischen Geschichte, Band II (Mannheim) ("Kremer (1776), Band II,") Band II, VIII, p. 203.

[1295] Sloet (1872), 208, p. 206.

[1296] Sloet (1872), 214, p. 212.

[1297] Annales Colonienses Maximi, MGH SS XVII, p. 749.

[1298] Lindeborn (1670), p. 535.

[1299] Lindeborn (1670), p. 535.

[1300] Sloet (1872), 214, p. 212.

[1301] Doorninck, P. N. van & Veen, J. S. va, (eds.) (1908) Acten betreffende Gelre en Zutphen 1107-1415 (Haarlem), p. 1.

[1302] Annales Colonienses Maximi, MGH SS XVII, p. 749.

[1303] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 285, p. 186.

[1304] Annalista Saxo 1103.

[1305] Lindeborn (1670), p. 535.

[1306] Lindeborn (1670), p. 535.

[1307] Lindeborn, J. (1670) Historia sive notitia episcopatus Daventriensis (Metelen), p. 535.

[1308] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 295, p. 193.

[1309] Verdonk, H. (1996) Ermentrud een Utrechtse gravin? (Lelystad), p. 5.

[1310] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 295, p. 193.

[1311] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 225, p. 146.

[1312] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 295, p. 193.

[1313] Verdonk (1996), p. 5.

[1314] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 295, p. 193.

[1315] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 225, p. 146.

[1316] Verdonk (1996), p. 6.

[1317] Verdonk (1996), p. 6.

[1318] Verdonk (1996), p. 6.

[1319] Verdonk (1996), p. 6.

[1320] Verdonk (1996), p. 6.

[1321] Verdonk (1996), p. 6.

[1322] The date of his will.